Sunrise Telecom XTT5000 Ethernet Tester with Wi-Fi and Bluetooth User Manual XTT 5000 User s Manual
Sunrise Telecom Inc. Ethernet Tester with Wi-Fi and Bluetooth XTT 5000 User s Manual
Users Manual
XTT 5000 User's Manual Table of Contents XTT 5000 System........................................................................................... 1 Important Information Home ....................................................................... 1 Home ........................................................................................................... 3 Working Desktop Home............................................................................... 6 Unpacking Home ........................................................................................ 8 Windows System Notes Home ...................................................................... 9 Hardware Notes Home ...............................................................................10 Handling Optical Fiber Home .......................................................................12 Customer Service..........................................................................................14 Express Limited Warranty Home..................................................................16 Menu Home..............................................................................................18 LEDs Home ..............................................................................................19 Measurement Setup Home..........................................................................20 Status Home ............................................................................................22 System Setup Home ..................................................................................23 Date Home...............................................................................................24 Time Zone Home.......................................................................................25 Time Home ..............................................................................................26 Network Setup Home.................................................................................27 System Update Home ................................................................................28 Port Address Home....................................................................................29 Port Setup ...................................................................................................31 Choose a Port Home ..................................................................................31 RJ-45 Port Setup: Auto-Negotiation On Home ...............................................32 RJ-45 Port Setup: Auto-Negotiation Off Home ...............................................33 Pause Frame Delay Home...........................................................................34 Port Pause Home......................................................................................35 Port Duplex Home ....................................................................................36 Asymmetric Pause Home ...........................................................................37 RJ-45 Port Polarity Home...........................................................................38 SFP Port Configuration Home ......................................................................39 XFP Port Setup Home.................................................................................40 Throughput Testing .......................................................................................41 Throughput Applications Home....................................................................41 Ethernet Connection Home .........................................................................42 Layer 1 BERT Application Home...................................................................44 L1 BERT Diagram Home .............................................................................46 Layer 2 BERT Application Home...................................................................47 L2 BERT Diagram Home .............................................................................49 Throughput Signal Setup Home ...................................................................50 Stream Table Setup Home..........................................................................51 Stream Frame Setup Home ........................................................................53 Stream - Auto Fill Home .............................................................................54 Stream MAC Setup Home ...........................................................................56 Stream - IP Setup Home ............................................................................57 Stream MPLS Setup Home ..........................................................................59 Stream Payload Setup Home ......................................................................60 Stream Rx Filter Home..............................................................................62 Sunrise Tags Notes Home...........................................................................64 Stream Traffic Shape Setup Home ...............................................................65 iii XTT 5000 User's Manual Stream - Burst Traffic Shape Setup Home.....................................................66 Stream - Constant Traffic Shape Setup Home................................................68 Stream - Ramp Traffic Shape Setup Home ....................................................69 Stream - VLAN Setup Home........................................................................71 Stream - TCP Setup Home..........................................................................72 Stream - UDP Setup Home .........................................................................73 Summary Results Home .............................................................................74 Summary Notes Home ...............................................................................76 Aggregate Results Home ............................................................................78 Thoughput Stream Results Home ................................................................81 Throughput Non Test Stream Results Home ..................................................83 RFC2544/NE Testing......................................................................................85 RFC2544 Applications Home .......................................................................85 RFC2544 One Tester Application Diagram Home ............................................86 RFC2544 Test Notes Home .........................................................................87 RFC2544 Throughput Application Home ........................................................89 RFC2544 Test Sequence Home...................................................................90 RFC2544 Throughput Latency Home ............................................................92 RFC2544 NE Test Configuration Home .........................................................94 RFC2544 Frame Sizes Thresholds Home .......................................................95 RFC2544 Back-to-Back Testing Notes Home..................................................96 RFC-2544 Frame Loss & Back to Back Setup Home .........................................97 Stream Table Setup Home..........................................................................99 RFC2544 Summary Results Home.............................................................. 101 RFC2544 Thruput Latency Results Home..................................................... 103 RFC2544 Frame Loss Table Results Home ................................................... 104 RFC2544 Back-to-Back Table Results Home ................................................ 105 RFC2544 Thruput Chart Results Home........................................................ 106 Aggregate Results Home .......................................................................... 107 IP Ping Testing ........................................................................................... 111 IP Testing Home ..................................................................................... 111 IP Setup Tab Home ................................................................................. 113 Ping Setup Home .................................................................................... 114 IP Summary Results Home ....................................................................... 116 IP Aggregate Results Home ...................................................................... 117 Ping Test Results Home........................................................................... 121 Ping Trace Route Setup Home ................................................................... 122 Ping Trace Route Results Home ................................................................. 123 Ping Echo Log Home ................................................................................ 124 Aggregate Results Home .......................................................................... 125 Ping Test Results Home........................................................................... 128 Loopback Features ...................................................................................... 129 Loopback Test Setup Home ...................................................................... 129 Loopback Diagram Home.......................................................................... 131 Loopback Ports Note Home ....................................................................... 132 Loop Control Home.................................................................................. 133 Loopback Responder Home....................................................................... 135 Monitor...................................................................................................... 137 Monitor Applications Home ....................................................................... 137 Monitor Setup Home ................................................................................ 138 Save Features ............................................................................................ 139 Save Features Home................................................................................ 139 Error Injection Home ............................................................................... 143 iv Table of Contents Technology Overview................................................................................... 145 Technology: Ethernet Overview Home ........................................................ 145 Technology: Standards Home ................................................................... 146 Technology: Ethernet Optical Line Encoding Home ....................................... 148 Technology: Ethernet Frames ....................................................................... 149 Technology: Frame Size Details Home........................................................ 151 Technology: Ethernet Frame Size and Efficiency Home ................................. 152 Technology: Gaussian Frame Probability Home ............................................ 153 Technology: Frame Interval Home ............................................................. 154 Technology: Ethernet MAC Addresses Home................................................ 155 Technology: Ethernet IPG Home................................................................ 156 Technology: Unicast/Multicast Testing Note Home........................................ 157 Technology: VLAN Tagging Home .............................................................. 158 Technology: VLAN User Priority Home ........................................................ 161 Technology: MPLS Home .......................................................................... 162 Technology: IP Overview Home................................................................. 163 Glossary .................................................................................................... 167 Index ........................................................................................................ 171 XTT 5000 System Important Information Home XTT 5000 provides not only sophisticated technical specifications, but easy to use applications for the verification, turn-up, and hand-off of Ethernet services. Use XTT 5000 in conjunction with another test set or loopback device (such as the Metro Responder), to qualify network performance and verify quality of service per ITU and MEF standards and service level agreements. Unpacking Details Warnings and Cautions Using the supplied equipment in a manner not specified by Sunrise Telecom may impair the protection provided by the equipment. This is a Class 1 LASER product. Avoid looking directly at the Transmitter source. For added safety, turn off the laser when not in use. Using the supplied equipment in a manner not specified by Sunrise Telecom may impair the protection provided by the equipment. End of Life Recycling and Disposal Information DO NOT dispose of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) as unsorted municipal waste. For proper disposal return the product to Sunrise Telecom. Please contact our local offices or service centers for information on how to arrange the return and recycling of any of our products. EC Directive on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE). The Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive aims to minimize the impact of the disposal of electrical and electronic equipment on the environment. It encourages and sets criteria for the collection, treatment, recycling, recovery, and disposal of waste electrical and electronic equipment. Tips on XTT 5000 & this Help System Disclaimer: Contents of this Help system are subject to change without notice and are not guaranteed for accuracy. Visit the Working Desktop page to get an overview of how to use XTT 5000's controls and features. Visit the Hardware Notes for hardware tips. Get a technology tip related to the topic. Get a testing tip; information that will help you in your testing. A button may be referred to via text, or via its icon. FCC Information XTT 5000 User's Manual FCC ID: UEBXT5000 This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. Note: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense. Any changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment. Caution: Exposure to Radio Frequency Radiation To comply with FCC RF exposure compliance requirements, this device must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter. Where do you want to go next? View a list of Help contents at Home. Set up a Throughput test. Set up an RFC2544 test. Set up an IP test. Set up a Monitor test. Configure a Loopback Customer Service Home XTT 5000 System Home Use this page to move through the Help system quickly. XTT 5000 System Information Important Information Working Desktop Hardware Notes Measurement Setup Network Setup System Setup Status Customer Service Warnings and Recycling information; Unpacking. An overview of how the STT 5000 desktop works, including the Menu, LEDs and Windows desktop notes. Information about chassis, ports and buttons. Get details on Handling Optical Fiber. Setup a manual or timed test. Configure system Ethernet settings if necessary. Date, Time Zone, Time (of day). View or update the system. Contact Sunrise Telecom; view warranty information. Port Setup Choose a Port Port Address RJ-45: Negotiation On RJ-45 Negotiation Off SFP Port Setup XFP Port Setup Set up test ports. Configure test port addresses if necessary. Throughput Testing Throughput Applications Ethernet Connection Signal Setup Stream Table Setup Summary Results Aggregate Results Stream Results Non Test Stream Results Make sure the link is up; troubleshooting. Select BERT or Live, and choose the test layer. MAC, VLAN, MPLS, IP, UDP, TCP, Payload, Traffic Shape, Rx Filter View overall results for all streams. View counts for results for all test streams. View statistics for one stream. View statistics for traffic not conforming to the test. RFC2544 Testing RFC2544 XTT 5000 User's Manual Applications RFC2544/NE Test Setup Test Sequence Setup Frame Sizes Setup Throughput and Latency Setup Frame Loss & Back-to-Back Setup Stream Table Setup NE Stress Test Setup RFC2544 Summary Results RFC2544 Throughput Latency Results Throughput Chart Results Thruput Aggregate Results Select to run an RFC2544 or NE Stress Test. IP/Ping Testing IP Testing Application IP Setup Tab Ping Test Setup Ping Test Results Ping Echo Log Ping Trace Route Setup Ping Trace Route Results Aggregate Results Loopback Features Loopback Test Setup Loopback Responder Loop Control Monitor Testing Choose PING or TRACEROUTE test, setup IP and VLAN details. Get details on tx pings and rx ping echoes. Applies to both PING and TRACEROUTE tests. XTT 5000 System Monitor Applications Monitor Setup Technology Overview Learn about Ethernet technology. XTT 5000 User's Manual Working Desktop Important Information Home Windows System Notes Hardware Notes XTT 5000 is a touch-screen unit. Use your finger or the stylus to make selections. Often, a number pad will appear for use in entering alphanumeric data. The Status Bar is the black row at the top of the screen; it provides system information. The Action Bar of buttons at the bottom of the screens gives access to many functions. Here is an overview: • Touch buttons to activate (single touch/click) the function, or to open (double touch/click) their configuration screens. • Button colors have meaning: selection, • Press changes, blue-available button; orange-active light gray-unavailable button. to save changes and apply your new settings. When asked to verify = Yes and = No (cancel). to begin taking measurements. Press to stop a test. • Press • ) at the top right takes you to the results screens, The 'Results' button ( but doesn't actually start a test. • to select a new test mode from the drop down menu. The Press horizontal Menu Bar tabs will change depending on the test type (shown on the Module Status panel; Throughput, RFC2554, etc.) selected. Touch a menu tab label to see the items in that menu. Status Bar: Located at the top of the screen. Section Information Soft virtual LEDs show the logical and physical state of the selected port. Module Status Panel: Get module data, such as the port, test mode and transmission status. System Status Panel: Get system-related information, including the battery charge status, and the '?' button, which is used to access this Help system. Press '?' again to exit Help Menu Select a new test mode from the drop down menu. Results On the setup screens, press 'Results' to go to measurement results. XTT 5000 System Return to the test setup screen from a results window (e.g Summary Results, Aggregate Results). Setup Action Bar: The Action Bar is located at the bottom of the screen. Button Action Apply Save changes and apply your new settings. Cancel Cancel (stop/delete) any changes in progress. Saved Results Access saved measurement results files. Profiles Save or load test profiles. See saved files. Laser On/Off Reset Activate the laser for testing. Turn the laser off for safety. View the type or port and its status. Press the button to select a different port to use. Transmits a flow control (pause) frame, according to parameters set on the active port. Clears all historical LED data, so the LEDs will display the current line status. Starts measurements counts over from 0. Loop Control Access Loopback Control. Error Inject Inject errors in the payload. Start, Start and stop a test. To get measurement results, start at test. Port Flow control LED Reset Stop Generate a measurement report. Where do you want to go next? Configure an RJ-45 port. Configure an SFP port. Configure an XFP port. Meas. Setup: Configure measurement parameters Throughput Test Setup RFC2544/NE Applications IP Test Setup Monitor Setup Loopback Test Setup Home XTT 5000 User's Manual Unpacking Home To unpack and test a new test set: 1. Remove the packing list, test set, and accessories from the shipping container. 2. Inspect all parts and immediately report any damage to the carrier and to Sunrise Telecom. 3. Verify that all parts specified on the packing list were received. 4. Complete the Warranty Registration Card and return it immediately to Sunrise Telecom. Note: Sunrise Telecom must receive the Warranty Registration Card in order to provide software updates. Where do you want to go next? Configure an RJ-45 port. Configure an SFP port. Meas. Setup: Configure measurement parameters Throughput Test Setup RFC2544/NE Applications IP Test Setup Monitor Setup Loopback Test Setup Working Desktop Home XTT 5000 System Windows System Notes Home Press the bottom hardware button to move between the XTT 500 and the Windows system desktop. On the Windows desktop, access useful basic computer tools: System • Reset system: Shut down and restart. • Calibrate Touchscreen: Recalibrate the touch screen if screen response seems off. Touch each 'x'. • XTT 5000: Start the XTT 5000 application. PDF Viewer: Launch a viewer to read PDF files. Calculator File Manager System Administrator: Access XTT 5000 system information and setups. Eject SD Card: Safely eject an SD memory card. Eject USB Drive: Safely eject a USB memory drive. Important Note - Caution: External memory devices must be ejected properly, using the appropriate button, in order to safeguard your data. Failure to eject a drive properly may result in lost data. Where do you want to go next? The Working Desktop Configure an RJ-45 port. Configure an SFP port. Configure an XFP port. Meas. Setup: Configure measurement parameters Throughput Test Setup RFC2544/NE Applications IP Test Setup Monitor Setup Loopback Test Setup Home XTT 5000 User's Manual Hardware Notes Home XTT 5000 is a touch screen test set; use your finger or a stylus to make selections. However, you may find attaching and using a mouse is fastest. Plug the power cord in on the right side, and press and hold the top round button for a few moments to turn the unit on (or off). Get unpacking details. Ports - Right Side SD Card 10/100 Ethernet Mini USB client Power Use to transfer files; may also use Micro SD with SD Adapter. Use for a network connection. Used to send files between a computer and the XTT 5000 hardware. Plug in the AC charger. Ports - Left Side 2 USB host ports: Use to attach USB devices, e.g., keyboard and mouse. USB Mouse Troubleshooting Hint: For best functionality, use a ferrite mouse, or place a ferrite bead on the USB mouse cord. Ports - Top The top connector panel holds the test ports; a combination of RJ-45, SFP, and XFP ports, depending on the configuration ordered. • See Port_Address. • See Choose a Port. • See SFPs and XFPs are hot-swappable. Handle the bale carefully, and avoid touching the end of the connector. See Handling Optical Fiber. Buttons • • • • The round top button is the power on/off button. The top square button brings up the soft keyboard. Press it again to bring up a number pad. Use the Up (third button) and Down (fourth) buttons on the right side of the chassis to scroll up and down in the screens. A scroll bar appears on a screen where there is more information below the current window (for example, results and Help screens often have long pages). Use the bottom button to toggle between the computer desktop and the STT 5000 application. External Storage If you are using an external form of storage on the XTT-5000 (USB drive, etc.) (and have written files to the external volume), you must cleanly dismount the volume from Windows before removing it, or the files may not be written safely to the external storage volume. Use a desktop icon to Safely Remove Hardware. 10 XTT 5000 System Where do you want to go next? Unpacking Details Configure an RJ-45 port. Configure an SFP port. Meas. Setup: Configure measurement parameters Throughput Test Setup RFC2544/NE Applications IP Test Setup Monitor Setup Loopback Test Setup Working Desktop Home 11 XTT 5000 User's Manual Handling Optical Fiber Home In general, handle fiber patch cords and connectors carefully. Always replace dust covers. Keep the optical connectors clean, and make a practice of not looking into fiber ends. An optical fiber is a strand of glass about the same diameter as a human hair. Though it is remarkably durable, careful handling is required to ensure continued high performance and long life. • Do not pull or kink patch cords, as the glass strand in the middle might become damaged or broken. • A sharp bend will cause excessive signal loss. • Keep patch cord bend radiuses no less than an inch. • Use specialized optical cable raceways and plenums whenever they are available. • Don’t use tie wraps as you would with electrical cables. Tie wraps will put strain on the fiber. The next figure shows the proper method of wrapping and securing fiber patch cords. There are several types of optical connectors in use today. This figure shows the two most popular for Ethernet, SC and LC. SC to LC Cable This is a duplex multi-mode LC cord. Look closely at the pictures to see the details of the connection mechanism. Duplex LC Cable • • • 12 When using optical connectors, insert or remove the ferrule straight into the sleeve. Minimize wiggling the connector as this may loosen the tight fit that is required for the ferrule and sleeve. For SC connectors, orient the prominent key on the connector body with the slot in bulkhead adapter. Push the connector in until it clicks. To remove, XTT 5000 System • pinch the connector body between your thumb and finger, and gently pull straight out. LC connectors evolved from the basic RJ-45 connector design, and are placed on and removed in the same fashion as an RJ-45. Simply push the rear prongs together to release the connector. Listen for the click when you seat the connector. Cleaning Optical Fiber Fiber optic connectors must be kept clean to ensure long life of the connectors and to minimize transmission loss at the connection point. Precautions • • • When not in use, always replace dust covers and caps to prevent deposits and films from airborne particles. A single dust particle caught between two connectors will cause significant signal loss. Dust particles can scratch the polished fiber end, resulting in permanent damage. Do not touch the connector end or the ferrules, since this will leave an oily deposit from your fingers. Do not allow uncapped connectors to drop on the floor. How to Clean • • • • • • • Should a fiber connector become dirty or exhibit high loss, carefully clean the entire ferrule and end face. Special lint-free pads should be used with isopropyl alcohol. Even though not very accessible, the end face in a bulkhead adapter on test equipment can be cleaned by using a special lint-free swab, again with isopropyl alcohol. In extreme cases, a test unit may require more thorough cleaning at the factory. Cotton, paper, or solvents should never be used for cleaning since they may leave behind particles or residues. Use a fiber optic cleaning kit especially made for cleaning optical connectors, and follow the directions. Canned air can do more harm than good if not used properly. Again, follow the directions that come with the kit. Where do you want to go next? • • • • • • • Throughput Test Setup RFC2544/NE Applications IP Test Setup Monitor Setup Loopback Test Setup Working Desktop Home 13 XTT 5000 User's Manual Customer Service Sunrise Telecom Customer Service is available 24/7. Customer Service performs the following functions: • Answers customer questions over the phone on such topics as product operation and repair. • Repairs malfunctioning XTT promptly. • Provides information about product upgrades. The warranty period covering the XTT 5000 is one year from the date of shipment on hardware, software, accessories, and the battery. A Return Merchandise Authorization (RMA) Number is required before any product may be shipped to Sunrise Telecom for repair. Out-of-warranty repairs require both an RMA and a Purchase Order before the unit is returned. All repairs are warranted for 90 days. Please contact Customer Service if you need additional assistance: Customer Service Sunrise Telecom Incorporated 302 Enzo Drive San Jose, CA 95138 U.S.A. Tel: 1 408 363 8000 or 1 800 701 5208 (24 hours) Fax: 1 408 363 8313 Internet: http://www.sunrisetelecom.com E-mail: support@sunrisetelecom.com Offices Sunrise Telecom offices are located around the world: HEADQUARTERS 302 Enzo Drive, San Jose, CA 95138, USA Tel: 408-363-8000, Fax: 408-363-8313 info@sunrisetelecom.com BROADBAND PRODUCTS GROUP - ATLANTA 3075 Northwoods Circle, Norcross, GA 30071, USA Tel: 770-446-6086, Fax: 770-446-6850 catv@sunrisetelecom.com OPTICAL PRODUCTS GROUP 7b Route Suisse, 1295 Mies, Switzerland Tel: +41-22-755-5650, Fax: +41-22-755-5667 info@sunrisetelecom.ch PROTOCOL PRODUCTS GROUP Via Jacopo Peri, 41/c, 41100 Modena, ITALY Tel: +39-059-403711, Fax: +39-059-403715 info@sunrisetelecom.it SUNRISE TELECOM CHINA Room 1503, Tower 3 , No.1, Xizhimenwai Street Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, CHINA Tel: +86-10-5830-2220, Fax: +86-10-5830-2239 14 XTT 5000 System info@sunrisetelecom.com.cn SUNRISE TELECOM FRANCE SAS ZA Courtaboeuf 2 - Immeuble le Ceylan 6 Allée de Londres 91140 Villejust, FRANCE Tel: +33 (0) 1 6993 8990, Fax: +33 (0) 1 6993 8991 info@sunrisetelecom.fr SUNRISE TELECOM GERMANY GmbH Buchenstr. 10 D- 72810 Gomaringen, GERMANY Tel: +49 (0) 7072 9289 58, Fax: +49 (0) 7072 9289 55 info@sunrisetelecom.de SUNRISE TELECOM ITALY Via G. Matteotti 98, Cinisello Balsamo (MI) 20092, ITALY Tel: +39-023-651-1327, Fax: +39-029-287-8764 SUNRISE TELECOM JAPAN Aoyamakouei Bldg 2F, 2-7-24, Kita-Aoyama, Minato-Ku, Tokyo 107-0061 JAPAN Tel: +81-3-5772-3403, Fax: +81-3-5770-4037 info@sunrisetelecom.co.jp SUNRISE TELECOM LATIN AMERICA Calle Cerro de las Campanas #3, Of. 418 Col. San Andrés Atenco, 54040 Tlalnepantla, México, MEXICO Tel: +52-55-5370-2124 info@sunrisetelecom.com.mx SUNRISE TELECOM TAIWAN 21, Wu Chuan 3rd Road, Wu-Ku Hsiang Taipei County, 248, Taiwan, R.O.C. Tel: +886-2-2298-2598, Fax: +886-2-2298-2575 info@sunrisetelecom.com.tw Where do you want to go next? Throughput Test Setup RFC2544/NE Applications IP Test Setup Monitor Setup Loopback Test Setup Working Desktop Home 15 XTT 5000 User's Manual Express Limited Warranty Home A. Hardware Coverage. COMPANY warrants hardware products against defects in materials and workmanship. During the warranty period COMPANY will, at its sole option, either (i) refund of CUSTOMER’S purchase price without interest, (ii) repair said products, or (iii) replace hardware products which prove to be defective; provided, however, that such products which COMPANY elects to replace must be returned to COMPANY by CUSTOMER, along with acceptable evidence of purchase, within twenty (20) days of request by COMPANY, freight prepaid. B. Software and Firmware Coverage. COMPANY warrants software media and firmware materials against defects in materials and workmanship. During the warranty period COMPANY will, at its sole option, either (i) refund of CUSTOMER’S purchase price without interest, (ii) repair said products, or (iii) replace software or firmware products which prove to be defective; provided, however, that such products which COMPANY elects to replace must be returned to COMPANY by CUSTOMER, along with acceptable evidence of purchase, within twenty (20) days of request by COMPANY, freight prepaid. In addition, during the warranty period, COMPANY will provide, without charge to CUSTOMER, all fixes, patches, new releases and updates which COMPANY issues during the warranty period. COMPANY does not warrant or represent that all software defects will be corrected. In any case where COMPANY has licensed a software product “AS IS,” COMPANY’S obligation will be limited to replacing an inaccurate copy of the original material. C. Period. The warranty period for Hardware, Software and Firmware will be One (1) Year from date of shipment to CUSTOMER. The COMPANY may also sell warranty extensions or provide a warranty term of three years with the original sale, which provide a longer coverage period for the test set chassis, software and firmware, in which case the terms of the express limited warranty will apply to said specified warranty term. D. Only for CUSTOMER. COMPANY makes this warranty only for the benefit of CUSTOMER and not for the benefit of any subsequent purchaser or licensee of any merchandise. E. LIMITATION ON WARRANTY. THIS CONSTITUTES THE SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE WARRANTY MADE BY COMPANY WITH RESPECT TO HARDWARE, SOFTWARE AND FIRMWARE. THERE ARE NO OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. COMPANY SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. COMPANY’S LIABILITY UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WITH RESPECT TO A PRODUCT, INCLUDING COMPANY’S LIABILITY FOR FAILURE AFTER REPEATED EFFORTS TO INSTALL EQUIPMENT IN GOOD WORKING ORDER OR TO REPAIR OR REPLACE EQUIPMENT, SHALL IN NO EVENT EXCEED THE PURCHASE PRICE OR LICENSE FEE FOR THAT PRODUCT, NOR SHALL COMPANY IN ANY EVENT BE LIABLE FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, INDIRECT, OR SPECIAL DAMAGES OF ANY KIND OR NATURE WHATSOEVER, ARISING FROM OR RELATED TO THE SALE OF THE MERCHANDISE HEREUNDER, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO DAMAGES ARISING FROM OR RELATED TO LOSS OF BUSINESS, LOSS OF PROFIT, LOSS OF GOODWILL, INJURY TO REPUTATION, OVERHEAD, DOWNTIME, REPAIR OR REPLACEMENT, OR CHARGE-BACKS OR OTHER DEBITS FROM CUSTOMER OR ANY CUSTOMER OF CUSTOMER. F. No Guaranty, Nonapplication of Warranty. COMPANY does not guaranty or warrant that the operation of hardware, software, or firmware will be uninterrupted or errorfree. Further, the warranty shall not apply to defects resulting from: (1) Improper or inadequate maintenance by CUSTOMER; 16 XTT 5000 System (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) CUSTOMER-supplied software or interfacing; Unauthorized modification or misuse; Operation outside of the environmental specifications for the product; Improper site preparation or maintenance; or Improper installation by CUSTOMER. Where do you want to go next? Throughput Test Setup RFC2544/NE Applications IP Test Setup Monitor Setup Loopback Test Setup Working Desktop Home 17 XTT 5000 User's Manual Menu Home Press 'Menu' on the working desktop to choose the type of test to perform. The menu selections appear below the button. Parameter Details SYSTEM THROUGHPUT Configure basic system properties if necessary. Perform a BER test; perform end-to-end testing with a test pattern; get results on the pattern. This is the basic configuration. Take measurements in accordance with RFC 2544. RFC2544/NE TEST IP TEST LOOPBACK MONITOR Perform an IP /Ping Test to check Layer 3 connectivity. Loop incoming traffic back to its source. Bidirectionally monitor live traffic. The secondary port may be in Loopback mode regardless of the test performed by the primary port. Where do you want to go next? The Working Desktop BERT Application - Layer 1 BERT Application - Layer 2 RFC2544 Applications IP Test Setup Loopback Test Setup Loop Control Monitor Applications Home 18 XTT 5000 System LEDs Home Physical LEDs are located next to the ports on the top of XTT 5000. They report on the status of the Ethernet connection. Green = good Red = bad Virtual LEDs on the working desktop provide line status. Green = good Red = bad - steady red: currently receiving errors/alarms - flashing red: errors/alarms received in the past. Press 'LED Reset' ( flashing. ) to clear the LED Details Link ACT ERR PAT Connected/not connected Ethernet link status. Activity status of the Ethernet link. Received errors. Test pattern errors; received pattern does not match the expected pattern. Bit errors received. BIT Where do you want to go next? The Working Desktop Configure an RJ-45 port. Configure an SFP port. Meas. Setup: Configure measurement parameters Throughput Test Setup RFC2544/NE Applications IP Test Setup Monitor Setup Loopback Test Setup Home 19 XTT 5000 User's Manual Measurement Setup Home Configure how and when results are taken. Parameter Options Details Start Mode PROGRAM: Program a specified date and time in the future to begin taking measurements. Once you have selected Program, enter the desired date and time in the next two items. MANUAL: Manually begin the test measurements. CONTINUOUS: Test will run indefinitely until you press 'Stop'. TIMED: Test runs for the Test Duration length of time. Specify the Hour, Minute, and Seconds to begin measurements. Enter the number of Hours and Minutes you want the test to run for in those fields. Select the method to begin your test measurements. Stop Mode Start Time Test Hours/Minutes Start Date Enter the Year, Month, and Day to begin measurements. Save Mode Auto_Save: Results are saved automatically when the test is stopped. A file name will be assigned automatically. Never_Save: Results are not saved. Manual_Save: Results are saved when the test is stopped. A dialog box will appear for you to input a filename in. On: The transmitter and measurement begin at the same time. Off: A 'TX On' button appears on the Action Bar. This button is grayed out until the measurement is started. Once the measurement is started, press the 'TX On' button to begin sending traffic. Start TX Coupled Set the mode in which measurements will be taken. Start Mode=PROGRAM. Stop Mode=TIMED. Set the length of time a timed test will run once you press 'Start'. Start Mode=PROGRAM. On the calendar which appears, use the arrows to scroll to the month you want, then tap the specific date. Select the method to save your test measurements. Determine when the transmitter will turn on. To access the window, touch Measurement Setup on the System Setup menu. 20 XTT 5000 System Where do you want to go next? Throughput Stream Table Setup Throughput Summary Results Throughput Aggregate Results Tech: Ethernet Overview Home 21 XTT 5000 User's Manual Status Home Get details on XTT 5000 system performance. Select Menu > System > Status. General Statistic Meaning File Usage Memory Usage Temperature Percentage of system currently in use. Percentage of system RAM in use. Unit temperature; normal range is 0˚C to 45˚C. Power Statistic Meaning AC Power Total Charge ON if the unit is plugged in; OFF if it is not. The percentage of charge remaining in the battery; see the Battery icon. When running on battery, approximately how long the battery will last. When running on battery, approximately how long it will take to recharge the battery. Remaining Time Time to Full Charge Version Information Firmware Version Serial Number Where would you like to go next? Test Type Menu Working Desktop Overview Home 22 XTT 5000 System System Setup Home Set the basic system information if required. Select Menu > System > System Setup. System Clock Parameter Function Date Time Get Local Time Set the calendar date if necessary. Enter the time of day on the pop window. Align the XTT-5000 system clock to the time that is "local" to the PC with the browser. Applies when XTT-5000 is controlled from a "remote browser". Where do you want to go next? Throughput Signal Setup Throughput Stream Table Setup Throughput Summary Results Tech: Ethernet Overview Loopback Test Setup IP Test Setup IP Testing Throughput Test Setup RFC2544 Applications Home 23 XTT 5000 User's Manual Date Home Press Date on System Setup tab to set the calendar date for the system. The calendar window is shown below. To select a date, click on it. << , >> Move backward or forward a year. < , > Move backward or forward a month. Set the Calendar Date Where do you want to go next? System Setup The Working Desktop Configure an RJ-45 port. Configure an SFP port. Meas. Setup: Configure measurement parameters Throughput Test Setup RFC2544/NE Applications IP Test Setup Monitor Setup Loopback Test Setup Home 24 XTT 5000 System Time Zone Home Press Time Zone on the System Setup tab to select the local time zone. Press the button corresponding to your time zone. The window will close and return you to the System Setup window. Where do you want to go next? System Setup The Working Desktop Home Configure an RJ-45 port. Configure an SFP port. Meas. Setup: Configure measurement parameters Throughput Test Setup RFC2544/NE Applications IP Test Setup Monitor Setup Loopback Test Setup 25 XTT 5000 User's Manual Time Home Set the time of day. Press Time on the System Setup tab to access this function. The cursor appears to the left of the time on the window. Enter the entire time of day, in the hours:minutes:seconds format. Enter the time using the number pad. Select AM or PM at the bottom of the number pad. Where do you want to go next? The Working Desktop System Setup Configure an RJ-45 port. Configure an SFP port. Meas. Setup: Configure measurement parameters Throughput Test Setup RFC2544/NE Applications IP Test Setup Monitor Setup Loopback Test Setup Home 26 XTT 5000 System Network Setup Home Configure system settings if necessary. Access this window from the System menu Network Setup tab. Ethernet Port Configure the system settings, if necessary. IMPORTANT NOTE: These settings apply to the XTT 5000 module’s own LAN port, NOT the test ports. Changing these settings may cause the module to lose connection with the system. Parameter Details Admin IP Subnet Mask Enter the IP address for the XTT 5000 module. Enter the subnet address for the XTT 5000 module, if appropriate. Specify the gateway address for the XTT 5000. Used for static IP. XTT 5000 automatically retrieves the appropriate IP address when connected to a LAN. When enabled, the previous three items are grayed out. View the LAN port's MAC address. Gateway DHCP Enabled MAC Address DNS servers Parameter Details Primary DNS Server Specify the local primary (master) DNS server address. Enter an address directly, using the number pad which pops up. The secondary Server is a server that obtains information about a zone from a Primary Server via a zone transfer mechanism. Sometimes known as a Slave Server. Specify the secondary (slave) DNS server address. Secondary DNS Server Where do you want to go next? Configure an RJ-45 port. Configure an SFP port. Meas. Setup: Configure measurement parameters Throughput Test Setup RFC2544/NE Applications IP Test Setup Monitor Setup Loopback Test Setup Home 27 XTT 5000 User's Manual System Update Home View the system's current version as well as a list of other available versions, and install updates. XTT 5000 will check for a software update when you enter the screen; this takes several seconds. The 'Install Update' button becomes available if a new update is found. Press it to install the update. XTT 5000 will look for upgrade files in the following locations, in order: USB Drive SD Card Network Server Often, XTT 5000 will power off to complete the update. Power the unit back on to resume testing. Press 'Refresh' to recheck the current software version. Where would you like to go next? Menu Working Desktop Overview Home 28 XTT 5000 System Port Address Home Configure the local port settings, if necessary. IMPORTANT NOTE: These settings apply to the XTT 5000 module’s test ports. For each port, set the IP Address, Subnet Mask, and Gateway addresses, and view the factory default MAC Source address. The port numbers refer to the port labels on the outside of the unit. A number pad will appear for you to edit the addresses with. Make sure to press 'Laser On' in the Action Bar to activate the laser when required. Where would you like to go next? Port Summary RJ45 Port: Auto-Neg On SFP Port Configuration XFP Port Setup Menu Working Desktop Overview Home 29 Port Setup Choose a Port Home The port selection button at the bottom center of the screen reports the connection type (shown by the connector; RJ-45 here) and rate (100M/Full duplex here). Press the button to change the port in use. The Ports Summary window appears. The port in use is highlighted. Port and test data appears for each port. To select another port, touch its icon. Configure an RJ-45, Auto Negotiation On, Auto Negotiation Off Configure a 1 GigE SFP port. Configure a 10 GigE XFP port. Configure a Port Address if necessary. Choose a port to test with Tests can run on all three ports at the same time. Port1: XFP – 10 GigE test Port2/3: RJ-45 – 10/100/1000BASE-T test Port2/3: SFP – 1000BASE-T or 100BASE-FX test Possible Port Combinations Port1: Port1: Port1: Port1: • XFP XFP XFP XFP Port2: Port2: Port2: Port2: RJ-45 RJ-45 SFP SFP Port3: Port3: Port3: Port3: RJ-45 SFP SFP RJ-45 Port2/3 can't be selected as RJ-45 and SFP at the same time; only one interface at a time. Where do you want to go next? The Working Desktop Configure an RJ-45 port. Configure an SFP port. Configure an XFP port. Meas. Setup: Configure measurement parameters Throughput Test Setup RFC2544/NE Applications IP Test Setup Monitor Setup Loopback Test Setup Home 31 XTT 5000 User's Manual RJ-45 Port Setup: Auto-Negotiation On Home Select a test from the menu in order to access the port configuration tabs. Green buttons: On/active Gray buttons: Off/inactive Auto Negotiation: The unit will auto-negotiate with the link partner, selecting the highest mutually compatible rate between the two ports. • The port settings (including line rate, duplex, pause, etc) are negotiated following the appropriate IEEE standards. • See the negotiation results in the field. Parameter Options Description Advertisement 10M Half/Full Duplex, 100M Half/Full Duplex, 1000M Half/Full Duplex On, Off The unit can ’advertise’ itself as running at the rate(s) you select by pressing the rate buttons. Pause RJ-45 Polarity Pause Frame Delay Auto, Straight, Cross 0-335,539 μs Asymmetric Pause Set if the local device will respond to pause packets. Determine the wiring polarity of the Ethernet Port. Set the length of time indicated by the Pause frame sent by the module. Decide if the TX port will send Pause frames even if the receiver has disabled. RJ-45 Port Window Auto-Negotiations Result field: Presents the auto-negotiations results. The field appears on the right side of the window. Where do you want to go next? RJ45 Port Setup: Auto-Neg Off Throughput Applications RFC2544 Applications Home 32 Port Setup RJ-45 Port Setup: Auto-Negotiation Off Home Select a test from the menu in order to access the port configuration tabs. Auto Negotiation: The unit will auto-negotiate with the link partner, selecting the highest mutually compatible rate between the two ports. • The port settings (including line rate, duplex, pause, etc) are negotiated following the appropriate IEEE standards. • If you set Auto Negotiation to on, you can set how the XTT 5000 advertises itself. When Auto Negotiation is set to Off, configure the following: Parameter Options Description Port Rate Port Duplex 10M, 100M, 1000M Full Duplex, Half Duplex On, Off Set the line rate Configure the Ethernet mode. Pause RJ-45 Polarity Pause Frame Delay AUTO, Straight, Cross 0-335,539 Set if the local device will respond to pause packets. Determine the wiring polarity of the Ethernet Port. Set the length of time indicated by the Pause frame sent by the module. Where do you want to go next? Throughput Test Setup RFC2544 Applications Home 33 XTT 5000 User's Manual Pause Frame Delay Home Parameter Options Details Pause Frame Delay 0 to 3355 μs Set the length of time indicated by the Pause frame sent by the XTT 5000. On the RJ45 port setup window (Auto-Negotiation off), touch the 'Pause Frame Delay (μs)' button to access this setting. A number pad appears for you to enter the number with. Press to ok your choice. Where do you want to go next? Configure an RJ-45 port Configure an SFP port Throughput Test Setup RFC2544 Test Summary Home 34 Port Setup Port Pause Home Parameter Options Details Port Pause Off: The test port will temporarily stop transmitting upon reception of pause flow control frames. On: The test port will not stop upon reception of flow control frames. Set how the local device will respond to pause packets. XTT 5000 will only send pause frames when you choose, and it will send them when instructed to do so, even if the RX Pause is off. Where do you want to go next? Throughput Test Setup RFC2544 Test Summary Home 35 XTT 5000 User's Manual Port Duplex Home Parameter Options Details Port Duplex Half: The local device will attempt to link up in half-duplex mode. Data cannot be transmitted and received at the same time. Full: The local device will attempt to link up in full-duplex mode. The data can be transmitted and received at the same time. Configure the Ethernet mode. Where do you want to go next? Throughput Test Setup RFC2544 Applications Home 36 Port Setup Asymmetric Pause On Off Home The TX port sends Pause frames even if the receiver has disabled Pause. The TX port does not sends Pause frames. The Asymmetric Pause settings only apply to Auto-Negotiation. You may always transmit pause frames regardless of this setting. Upon completion of the auto-negotiation information exchange, the arbitration process determines the highest common mode and enables the appropriate functions. Where do you want to go next? Throughput Test Setup RFC2544 Test Summary Home 37 XTT 5000 User's Manual RJ-45 Port Polarity Home Determine the wiring polarity of the Ethernet Port. • Match this setting to your cable type for specific testing purposes, or let the unit accommodate whatever type of cable you use. Options: Auto, Straight-through, Cross-over Auto The unit automatically determines the polarity of the cable connected to the Ethernet port. StraightForce the Ethernet port to work only with through a straight-through cable. CrossForce the Ethernet port to work only with over a cross-over cable. Where do you want to go next? Throughput Test Setup RFC2544 Test Summary Home 38 Port Setup SFP Port Configuration Home Interface: Set the Ethernet interface: Gigabit Ethernet, 100Base FX Auto-Negotiation: Select ON to auto-negotiate with the link partner, selecting the highest mutually compatible rate between the two ports. Parameter Options Details Pause On, Off Pause Frame Delay Asymmetric Pause 0 to 3355 μs Set to On, the unit will not stop transmitting on receipt of flow control packets. Set the length of time indicated by the Pause frame sent by the module. Determine if the TX port will send Pause frames even if the receiver has disabled Pause. On, Off Auto-Negotiation Result When Auto-Negotiation is On, view the results of the negotiations. Data includes: Statistic Line Rate Duplex Link Partner AN Local RX, Tx Pause Remote RX, TX Pause Status Details XTT 5000 duplex: Half or Full Whether the link partner uses Auto-Negotiation; shows as Disable or Enable. Enable or Disable status of pause transmission by XTT 5000. Enable or Disable status of link partner's transmission by XTT 5000. Link status. Remember to make sure the laser is on for testing. Where do you want to go next? Port_Address: Set the local port parameters. Throughput Test Setup RFC2544/NE Applications Loopback Test Setup Throughput Summary Results IP Test Setup IP Testing Throughput Test Setup IP Ping Testing Home 39 XTT 5000 User's Manual XFP Port Setup Home Touch the Port Button and choose the XFP 10 GigE port. Select the XFP port for 10 Gigabit testing per applicable IEEE standards. XTT 5000 supports the 10GE LAN-PHY. The XFP may be the primary or secondary port. Parameter Options Description Pause On: The unit will not stop transmitting on receipt of flow control packets. Off: Transmission stops. 0 to 3355 μs Set the pause transmission Pause Frame Delay Set the length of time indicated by the Pause frame sent by the module Remember to make sure the laser is on for testing. XTT 5000 support XFP digital diagnostics including: • XFP Signal Results • Vendor name • Wavelength • Rx optical power Where do you want to go next? Throughput Test Setup RFC2544/NE Applications Loopback Test Setup Throughput Summary Results IP Test Setup IP Testing Throughput Test Setup IP Ping Testing Home 40 Throughput Testing Throughput Applications Home Select Throughput as the test type on the menu. Before you begin testing, make sure the link is up. To send loopback commands in a test, press the 'Loop Control' ( Action Bar. ) button in the BERT Applications Select BERT as the Test Type on the Signal tab. Layer 1 BERT Layer 1 testing is used for verifying the quality of the physical layer connection. Most commonly, this is done for basic point-to-point fiber connections, whether over a single fiber pair or through a DWDM network. Layer 2 BERT Run a BERT between two testers. Layer 2 testing is often performed to verify the quality of service provided over an Ethernet network. Unlike a Layer 1 BERT , the Layer 2 BERT generates valid MAC frames so that the test traffic can traverse through bridges and switches. Caution: If you are sending packets to your responder via a router or other device with its own IP address, make sure to set the Dest MAC to the MAC address of the router, NOT the responder. Otherwise, the router will likely discard the packets (without ARP in use).If you are staying down at layer 2 (MAC) this does not apply. IP works fine if all the devices are on the same local network segment; this is applies when sending traffic off your local network segment. Where do you want to go next? Throughput Summary Results Throughput Aggregate Results Throughput Stream Results Throughput Test Setup Working Desktop Home 41 XTT 5000 User's Manual Ethernet Connection Troubleshooting Extras: Home ARP Error Message STT Ethernet Connection Before you begin testing, verify the link. • Make sure to use the right type of connectors when connecting the test port to the fiber access point of the network. • Make sure the laser is turned on. • Verify the port has a green LINK LED. • For RJ-45 and SFP ports, if there is no link, then go to the Port window and set the Auto-Negotiation to Disable (on both units, if applicable). If that doesn’t work, set Auto-Negotiation to Enable, and configure the test set to match the DUT settings. Getting the link up is the most important step in any application, and it can be the most frustrating. Take the time to ensure the Ethernet tab is properly configured. You may need to make a change, see what effect that has, make another change, and so on, until the configuration is correct. Once you have a green LINK LED, testing is ready to begin. Troubleshooting an ARP Error Message The ARP feature makes configuring XTT 5000 easier. ARP takes an IP address and returns the MAC address of the destination system. If the unit Failed to resolve the host via ARP, one of two things are likely responsible: • The IP Address configuration on the test equipment does not match the network you are testing. Solution: Enable DHCP if available, or check your network configuration by pinging your default gateway. If you get no response, your configuration is invalid. • The IP Address provided for the destination host is wrong or the host is not on the network. Solution: Please check the configuration of the destination host. From that host, attempt to ping the default gateway to verify network connectivity. • XTT-5000 will always ARP for the default gateway. If the ARP fails it will not affect anything. Requesting the MAC of the default gateway is only required when sending traffic off of your local Ethernet segment. Troubleshooting an STT Ethernet Connection If you are testing using an STT Ethernet there common configuration will cause problems: XTT-5000 Throughput --> STT Ethernet XTT-5000 Throughput <-- STT Ethernet By default, if you are using Layer 2-4 testing, the XTT-5000 will default to 802.3 framing, and the STT Ethernet will default to Ethernet type II framing. When sending Throughput (BERT)traffic in both directions, a LOPS error will appear on one of the units, due to bidirectional traffic. Where do you want to go next? 42 Throughput Testing Throughput Summary Results Throughput Aggregate Results Throughput Stream Results Throughput Test Setup Working Desktop Home 43 XTT 5000 User's Manual Layer 1 BERT Application Home Layer 1 Throughput testing is used for verifying the quality of the physical layer connection. Most commonly, this is done for basic point-to-point fiber connections, whether over a single fiber pair or through a DWDM network. As test traffic is not passing through a Layer 2 (or higher) device, a Layer 1 test can be performed with a single STT at one end and a hardware loopback, such as a patch cord, at the far end. Alternatively, the test can be performed with two STT units, one at each end of the connection. See the Application Diagram. Many networks, such as Ethernet over SONET/SDH (EOS), are not true Layer 1 networks, in that they require proper Ethernet framing. Only perform a Layer 1 test when you are certain that framing is not required. Many problems with Layer 1 testing can be corrected by performing a Layer 2 test. How to Perform Layer 1 BER Testing 1. From the drop down menu, select Throughput as the test type. 2. Configure the port. RJ-45 - Fast Ethernet Augo-Negotiation: On Port Rate: Match the rate of the line under test; 10M, 100M, 1000M Port Duplex: FULL Pause: OFF RJ-45 Polarity: AUTO Pause Frame Delay: 0 ms SFP - Gigabit Ethernet Pause: Off Pause Frame Delay: 0 ms XFP - Gigabit Ethernet Pause: Off Pause Frame Delay: 0 ms Remember to make sure the laser is on for testing. 3. Configure the Signal tab. Test Type: BERT Test Layer: PRBS + CRC (Layer 1 Framed) • Set the desired frame size. Traffic Shape: Constant • Set the Constant Bandwidth at 100%. • Use the 2^31 test pattern. Far End Tester Configuration • • 44 If performing this test between two units back-to-back, configure both units as above. If performing to a software loopback, configure the far end module as follows: Test Mode: LOOP BACK Mode: Manual Layer: Layer 1 Throughput Testing • Otherwise, make sure the far end has a hardware loop back. Start the test. then to start the BERT . Press The Summary Results window will open automatically. Wait a few moments and you should see ’No Errors’ on the Summary tab. Where do you want to go next? Throughput Summary Results Throughput Aggregate Results Throughput Stream Results Working Desktop Home 45 XTT 5000 User's Manual L1 BERT Diagram Home Layer 1 BERT Applications Where do you want to go next? Home 46 Throughput Testing Layer 2 BERT Application Home In Layer 2 Throughput testing, you can run a BERT between two testers. See the application diagram. Layer 2 devices (switches) keep track of MAC address information in order to forward traffic to the appropriate port, therefore each test set has to be configured with valid source and destination MAC address. Layer 2 testing is often performed to verify the quality of service provided over an Ethernet network. Unlike a Layer 1 BERT, the Layer 2 BERT generates valid MAC frames so that the test traffic can traverse through bridges and switches. How to perform Layer 2 BER testing Local Configuration 1. From the drop down menu, select Throughput as the test type. 2. Configure the port. RJ-45 - Fast Ethernet Augo-Negotiation: On Port Rate: Match the rate of the line under test; 10M, 100M, 1000M Port Duplex: FULL Pause: OFF RJ-45 Polarity: AUTO Pause Frame Delay: 0 ms SFP - Gigabit Ethernet Pause: Off Pause Frame Delay: 0 ms XFP - Gigabit Ethernet Pause: Off Pause Frame Delay: 0 ms Remember to make sure the laser is on for testing. 3. Configure the Signal tab. Test Type: BERT Test Layer: Layer 2: Framed • Set the desired frame size. 4. Configure the Stream Table. 5. Configure the Payload tab. Traffic Shape: Constant • Set the Constant Bandwidth at 100%. • Use the 2^31 test pattern. Far End Tester Configuration • • • If performing this test between two units back-to-back, configure both units as above. If performing to a software loopback, configure the far end module as follows: Test Mode: LOOP BACK Mode: Manual Layer: Layer 1 Otherwise, make sure the far end has a hardware loop back. 47 XTT 5000 User's Manual Start the test. then to start the BERT. The Summary Results window will open Press automatically. Wait a few moments and you should see ’No Errors’ on the Summary tab. Where do you want to go next? Throughput Summary Results Throughput Aggregate Results Throughput Stream Results Home 48 Throughput Testing L2 BERT Diagram Home Layer 2 BERT Where do you want to go next? Home 49 XTT 5000 User's Manual Throughput Signal Setup Home The Signal graphic reflects the Ethernet frame; for L2 Framed, many frame elements may be chosen from; see the Frame Setup tab. Choose a port and configure the Stream Table (L2 Framed only). Before you begin testing, make sure the link is up. Parameter Options Details Test Type BERT: Out-of-service testing; traffic would be disrupted; perform a throughput/BER test. LIVE: Take statistics on frames, but does not look for pattern synchronization or bit errors. L1 64B/66B,L1 8B/10B: Unframed signal. Continuous bits without framing, containing 8B/10B line coding for RJ-45 and SFP ports. L2 PRBS+FCS: Layer 2 Framed. The BERT is performed at OSI Layer 1 (physical layer), using the FCS or the CRC field defined for an Ethernet frame, without the MAC header. L2:Framed: The BERT is performed at OSI Layer 2 (data link). Select the type of test. BERT Note: The key metrics are utilization and lost frames. This is the basic configuration. Layer Select the test layer. L1: Unframed Note: Configure the Pattern. L2: PRBS+FCS Note: Configure the Pattern and Traffic Shape. L2: Framed Note: Configure the Stream Table. To send loopback commands in a test, press the 'Loop Control' ( Action Bar. To start the test, press 'Apply' ( ), then 'Start' ( will appear. Select Throughput from the drop down menu. Where would you like to go next? Throughput Applications Ethernet Frame Type Throughput Summary Results Throughput Aggregate Results Throughput Stream Results Throughput Test Setup Working Desktop Home 50 ) button in the ). The results Summary screen Throughput Testing Stream Table Setup Home • Each stream may be configured independently. See Auto Fill to configure multiple streams. • Throughput tests support up to 16 streams. RFC 2544 tests support one stream. • Visit the Technology Overview for information on frame components and more. To configure a stream, tap a stream row. The Stream Number X window will pop up, for configuring the stream in detail. When there are multiple streams, the window will have scroll arrows for moving between Stream Number x windows. The Frame Setup tab appears on top. Configure each tab on the window. MAC in MAC VLAN MPLS IP TCP UDP Payload Traffic Shape*: MAC^ Constant, Ramp, Burst ^Available at a future date. * Traffic shaping is not available in Layer 1, Unframed mode. Rx Filter: Filter on received messages. Stream Table Buttons Button Function 'Structure' 'Total Streams' 'Remove' 'Auto Fill' 'TPID/BERT ID' Note: This is a global settings; all BERT streams get the same ID. Tap a frame element in the table to configure the frame. View/set the number of streams in use. Use the Total Streams keypad to enter a new quantity (1-16) of streams for the table if necessary. The number in use is shown on the 'Streams' button. Delete the highlighted stream and reduce the total number of streams by one. Automatically fill in the addresses of all streams in the table. Edit the TPID directly in the field if required; applies only when VLAN is in use. • 8100 is the standard IEEE 802.1Q/802.1P value. • A TPID is available for each VLAN. • Technology: VLAN Tagging BERT ID: Ox40 to 0x8100. • The XTT 5000 place the BERT ID value in the IP Header (Identification field) s, the tester can easily identify whether IP traffic is BERT traffic or not. Where do you want to go next? Configure the frame Throughput Applications Throughput Summary Results Throughput Aggregate Results 51 XTT 5000 User's Manual Throughput Stream Results Throughput Test Setup Working Desktop Home 52 Throughput Testing Stream Frame Setup Home On the Stream Table, select a row to configure that stream. Press 'Frame' to set the frame structure. The frame diagram at the bottom of the screen shows the possible elements. Frame Structure Elements Touch an element to turn it On; a setup tab will appear for that element. Some elements, such as MPLS and IP, are connected. The graphic at the bottom of the window reflects the structure in use. Configure MAC VLAN MPLS IP TCP UDP Payload Traffic Shape each tab. Green button: On Gray button: Off; gray writing means the button is unavailable, black writing that it may be activated/configured. Dark Gray button: On/Off function. For example, VLAN is ON or OFF. Press 'Apply to All Streams' to have the selected frame elements used by every stream in the Stream Table. Frame Size 34-12,000 Enter the total length of the Ethernet frame in bytes, the number pad which pops up; depending on the rate*. * The XTT 5000 allows for undersized and oversized frames. See the Frame size details table for the maximum and minimum frame sizes. Frame Length Distribution Parameter Options Details Frame Set at Fixed. Select the frame length distribution to use. Fixed: All frames transmitted will be of the same length, as indicated in the Frame Size field. • The most common means of testing a network is to use a fixed frame size. In this way, the network performance can be characterized for different frame lengths. • For instance, the frame loss rate may be very different for 64-byte frames than for 1518-byte frames. By sending only frames 64 (or 1518) bytes long, the frame loss rate can be calculated for each. • You will also need to enter the Frame Size. Where do you want to go next? Throughput Summary Results Throughput Aggregate Results Throughput Stream Results Home 53 XTT 5000 User's Manual Stream - Auto Fill Home On the Throughput Stream Table, press 'Auto Fill' to configure the stream element/s (MAC, VLAN, etc) of multiple streams at one time. On the Stream Auto Fill popup, configure the fill parameters: 1. Select the frame element to configure, using the 'Auto Fill Item' button. 2. Enter the required Auto Fill Item data. Example: if you had pressed 'Auto Fill Item' and selected MAC Destination (to appear as 'Auto Fill Item MAC Destination'), the button below would appear as 'MAC Destination'. Press it, then enter the starting MAC Destination address. Auto Fill Action To access all the Auto Fill options, you must have 2 or more streams. Parameter Details Action Fixed The frame element settings will be identical for all active streams. The frame element settings will increase by one each time. Apply the Fixed value to or from the current stream, or from the first stream. Press 'From Stream' to enter the number of the stream to start applying the Incremented value from. Press 'To Stream' to enter the number of the stream to stop applying the Incremented value to. Set the 'From Stream' and 'To Stream' values as described above. Only the last 1, 2, or 3 bytes of the frame element address are determined randomly. The value of the other bytes is based on the value entered in the item button (e.g. 'MAC Destination' value). Set the 'From Stream' and 'To Stream' values as described above. Addresses are not changed during the test. Increment Decrement Random The frame element settings will decrease by one each time. The last several bytes of the setting are filled with a random value. Where do you want to go next? Stream Table Setup Throughput Applications Throughput Summary Results Throughput Aggregate Results Throughput Stream Results Throughput Test Setup 54 Throughput Testing Home 55 XTT 5000 User's Manual Stream MAC Setup Home Configure Layer 2 by setting the MAC Source and Destination addresses for the streams. Touch a MAC address on the Stream Table to bring up this configuration window; configure the Source and Destination addresses separately. See Auto Fill to configure multiple streams. Parameter Options Details Frame Type IEEE 802.3, Ethernet II IEEE 802.3: Ethertype= Length. Ethernet II: 645535. Enter the Ethertype value in its field. Enter the address. Select the Ethernet standard to use. Ethertype MAC Source/Destination Default MAC Source LLC On, Off SNAP On, Off Choices depend on the Frame Type. 802.3 Note: LLC and SNAP appears. Some Ethertype values, such as 0800 and AAAA, are considered invalid. To avoid potential problems with how a network device interprets the Ethertype field, 0800 is automatically chosen when IP is selected for the frame setup. Touch the MAC field. Use the number pad which appears to enter the data. • Each MAC address source and destination pair defines traffic flow. Reset the MAC source address of that port to the factory set default. The settings for each port, along with the factory settings of the MAC addresses can be found on System>Port Address. Toggle the LLC protocol On or Off; 802.3 only. Toggle the LLC protocol On or Off; 802.3 only. Where do you want to go next? Throughput Throughput Throughput Throughput Home 56 Stream Table Setup Summary Results Aggregate Results Stream Results Throughput Testing Stream - IP Setup Home Use the IP tab to configure the IP addresses for the stream/s, after selecting UDP as part of the Frame Setup on the Stream Table. See Auto Fill to configure multiple streams. Statistic(s) Options Details IP Source and IP Destination Enter the new IP address source and destination pairs to use. IP Gateway (Ver4) Specify the gateway addresses. Enter the address using the pop up number pad. • The IP address is the network layer address that identifies the source and destination of the test frames. Leave the gateway value as 000.000.000.000 to indicate no gateway. IP Version IP Version 4, IP Version 6. Yes, No IP Option (Ver4) IP Header Length (Ver4) Type of Service (Ver4) Flag Don’t Fragment (Ver4) Flag More Fragment (Ver4) Fragment Offset (v4) Time to Live (Ver4) Protocol (Ver4) The protocol value selected is the number placed into the IP header; it doesn't indicate Set the number of 32-bit (4byte) words. RFC1349, RFC2474 Yes, No 1: Additional fragments follow the current one; 0: No additional fragment bits follow. 0-8191 bits 0-255 hops View the originating protocol module. Select the IP Version. Opt whether or not to include the "option type" IP header field. These form the header. • A setting of 5 indicates an IP header of 20 bytes. Select the Type of Service protocol. • This selection determines the rest of the third column. • See the TOS parameters. Select whether or not to fragment the packet. The packets generated by the XTT 5000 are never actually fragmented, even if the fragmentation bits are set otherwise. Enter the position of the fragment in the original datagram. • Leave at 0 if you are unsure of what to select Enter the time to live. 64 and 128 are commonly used. Set at TCP in a TCP/UDP configuration. • The assigned values are maintained by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) ; available on at www.ianan.org/assignments/protoc 57 XTT 5000 User's Manual the proper datagram or payload of the payload.* Flow Label (Ver6) 20 bits Next Header (Ver6) 8 bits Hop Limit (Ver6) 8 bits ol-numbers. Commonly used values include 6 (TCP) or 17 (UDP). * For example, setting the Protocol field to 001, which indicates an ICMP payload, does not create an ICMP payload in the test traffic. This can cause problems with network elements who look at the Protocol field and attempt to process the nonexistent protocol payload. Specifies special router handling, source to destination(s), for a sequence of packets. Specifies the next encapsulated protocol, or the presence of an extension header. Packet TTL count. Type of Service Parameters Statistic Options Details Precedence (RFC1349) MBZ 3 digit value Enter the Precedence using the number pad. Select a MBZ (Must Be Zero) on the Number Pad. Enter the type of service. • Leave it at 0 if you are unsure of what to select. • See RFC 1349 and RFC 2474 for technical details. Enter the RFC 2474 DSCP bits. Enter the two bits. Reserved 0, 1 TOS Value DSCP (Bits 0-5) Currently Unused 0,1 for two bits Where do you want to go next? Throughput Stream Table Setup Throughput Summary Results Throughput Aggregate Results Tech: IP Overview Home 58 Throughput Testing Stream MPLS Setup Home Activate MPLS Touch the MPLS 1-3 buttons to turn them On (green) or Off (gray). Label 1 is required. MPLS Type: Select the frame type: Unicast, Multicast. For each label selected , set the following: Parameter Options Details ID Up to seven digits Up to seven digits One digit 0-255 hops Enter the next hop label. Exp Time to Live Enter the Experimental label. Enter the end-of-stack label. The Time Time to Live label expires at the conclusion of this number of hops. MPLS Label Parameters See Auto Fill to configure multiple streams. Enable the MultiProtocol Label Switching architecture by pressing MPLS to On on the Stream Table Frame Setup tab. See Technology: MPLS for details on the parameters. Where do you want to go next? Throughput Throughput Throughput Throughput Home Stream Table Setup Summary Results Aggregate Results Stream Results 59 XTT 5000 User's Manual Stream Payload Setup Home Press 'Payload' on the Stream Table or Pattern on the Signal tab configure the test payload elements. See Auto Fill to configure multiple streams. Parameter Options Details Sunrise Tag Read the notes. Tag: SN/TS None, SN/TS, STAG Enable useful proprietary tagging, or not. Sequence Number + Time Stamp; select for compatibility with STT Ethernet. The SN/TS tags include a sequence number and a time stamp; enable both of these fields on the XTT Ethernet. Sequence Number + Time Stamp + Sunrise Tag 5 bytes (Reserved). Select for maximum usefulness of proprietary tagging. The selected test pattern will be transmitted inverted. Select a test pattern to perform a BERT with. Not all patterns are available for all configurations. Enter the four-byte test pattern in hexadecimal format with the number pad. • Edit each line directly. • Use the 'Next/Previous Patterns' button to access the next screen of patterns. Define how a User pattern will fill the payload. After selecting User as the Pattern Type, tap 'Pattern Data' and use the keypad which pops up to enter the test pattern. Tag: STAG On, Off On, Off Invert On, Off Pattern Type 2^31, 2^23, 2^20, 2^15, 1111, 1010, 0000. User, User 1024* (User) Pattern Data 1-32 User Pattern Type 'Apply to All Streams' button Press DATA DEC:The payload is filled with decremental bytes. INC: The payload is filled with incremental bytes: 00 01 02 03… Apply the Tag, Type, and Pattern selections to all of the streams in the table. to apply the new settings and close the window. Where do you want to go next? Throughput Stream Table Setup Throughput Summary Results 60 Throughput Testing Throughput Aggregate Results Throughput Stream Results Home 61 XTT 5000 User's Manual Stream Rx Filter Home To enable filtering, select the Rx Filter tab on the Stream Number x window from the Stream Table. The filter specifies the frame elements that will be captured. Turn an element On to filter for that element. • For example, if you sent Source MAC on, only packets which match the Stream Table Source Mac settings will be captured. • Set to Off, packets would be captured regardless of their Source MAC address. Testing Tips Most testing is done with a loopback unit at the other end. In a Layer 2/3 loopback, the Source and Destination MAC/IP will be swapped so the traffic can be returned to the test set. Layer 1 does not touch the traffic it simply copies the input to the output. Hence, configuring the RX Filter Source/Destination requires careful consideration. The behavior of the unit with multiple streams can also be complicated. If you are sending two streams to the same Destination MAC, with differing Source MAC addresses, the stream data may be captured in unexpected ways. Example 1 Stream 1 Source MAC: 00::02 Destination MAC: 00::01 Stream 2 Source MAC: 00::03 Destination MAC: 00::01 Without the Rx Filter in use, both streams will be detected normally. Example 2 Stream 1 Destination MAC Rx Filter All the traffic from both Stream 1 and Stream 2 will appear in the Stream 1 results; no traffic appears for Stream 2. Be aware of this when troubleshooting traffic. Try rule 1 then rule 2 etc for each frame. In addition, the Destination is best ignored. This is because the Source MAC addresses are different. When they arrive at the loopback device, they will be swapped, making the SRC the DUST, and vice versa. Now the return frames have different Destinations with the same Source. Where do you want to go next? 62 Throughput Testing Throughput Applications Throughput Summary Results Throughput Aggregate Results Throughput Stream Results Throughput Test Setup Stream - Table - Setup Home 63 XTT 5000 User's Manual Sunrise Tags Notes Home Important Sunrise Tag Notes When Sunrise tags are enabled, a sequence number will be inserted in the payload of each frame. The sequence number will allow you to detect the number of lost frames, latency checking, and other important information. This is a Sunrise Telecom proprietary feature. • A frame loss can only be detected when the BERT is running between two Sunrise Telecom Ethernet testers (XTT 5000, STT or MTT) with the sequence number tags enabled on each side. • Measurements will only display counters for Lost Frames, Duplicate Frames, and Out-of-Sequence frames if a Sunrise Tags is used. • If a stream as enabled SN/TS of the Sunrise Tag and receives STAG on the incoming traffic, it will lose pattern sync. The reverse is not true; a stream set for STAG will achieve pattern sync if the incoming stream has a SN/TS tag. • XTT 5000 measures the time it takes for each test frame to pass through the DUT. The value reported for latency only applies when the far end is in loopback mode. • If two test units are performing and end-to-end Throughput test with the Sunrise Tag enabled, the displayed latency results will not be accurate. Where do you want to go next? Stream Payload Setup Throughput Stream Table Setup Throughput Summary Results Throughput Aggregate Results Throughput Stream Results Home 64 Throughput Testing Stream Traffic Shape Setup Home Traffic Shape: Select the frame length distribution to use. Constant Traffic is transmitted at a constant rate (from 0.01% to 100.00% bandwidth) for the entire duration of the test. Ramp The traffic is transmitted at a variable rate from Start Bandwidth (between 0.00% and 100.00%) to Stop Bandwidth (between 0.00% and 100.00%), with increments of Step Size (between 0.01% and 100.00%). The ramp is repeated for the duration of the test if Repeat is checked. Burst With Burst traffic, traffic is transmitted at a variable rate. Traffic is transmitted at Burst 1 Bandwidth rate (from 0.00% to 100.00%) for Burst 1 Duration seconds, then at Burst 2 Bandwidth rate (from 0.00% to 100.00%) for Burst 2 Duration seconds. Gigabit Ethernet has a minimum burst of 0.01%. This sequence is repeated for the duration of the test. Traffic shaping is not available in Layer 1, Unframed mode. On the Stream Table, select a row to determine the traffic shape for that stream. Press 'Traffic Shape' to select the frame length distribution to use. XTT 5000 will generate constant traffic rates from 0.01% up to 100.00% of line rate, and a constant traffic down to 56 kbps. XTT 5000 will generate constant traffic down to 1 kbps; however, under 0.01% bandwidth, only a single stream can be supported. Where do you want to go next? Throughput Applications Throughput Summary Results Throughput Aggregate Results Throughput Stream Results Throughput Test Setup Stream - Table - Setup Home 65 XTT 5000 User's Manual Stream - Burst Traffic Shape Setup Home From the Throughput Stream Table,press 'Traffic Shape' and select Burst to configure Burst traffic With Burst traffic, traffic is transmitted at a variable rate. Traffic is transmitted at Burst 1 Bandwidth rate (from 0.00% to 100.00%) for Burst 1 Duration seconds, then at Burst 2 Bandwidth rate (from 0.00% to 100.00%) for Burst 2 Duration seconds. Gigabit Ethernet has a minimum burst of 0.01%. This sequence is repeated for the duration of the test. Parameter Options Details Rate Percentage, IPG (ns), Bit Rate 0.01% to 100.00% Determine the traffic rate.* Rate: Perc enta ge Rate: IPG (ns) Rate: Bit Rate The minimum IPG is 12 bytes or 96 bit times. Ethernet traffic is expressed in terms of the percentage of bandwidth used. At 100%, the gap between frames is at its minimum. As the percentage is reduced, the IPG is increased. The interpacket gap (IPG) is the delay between successive frames. The bit rate, given as a number of kbps, is a direct function of the bandwidth percentage. Because the frame length can be random, there is no fixed relationship between bit rate and data rate. Enter the size of the burst the XTT 5000 will transmit. Burst Bandwidth 1/2 Burst Duration 1/2 Enter the number of seconds the first or second burst of traffic will last. * When changing units from Percentage to IPG to Bit Rate, the display will reset back to the last value entered for those units. Burst Bandwidth Accuracy The accuracy of the burst bandwidth is reduced when the burst duration is shorter than the time to send approximately 100 frames at 100% bandwidth. The minimum recommended durations follow: Burst Size Duration 64 bytes 1519 bytes 4096 bytes 12000 bytes 0.0051 0.0121 0.3278 0.9600 Minimum Burst Durations 66 ms ms ms ms Throughput Testing Example: Sending a 1510 byte burst at a burst duration of 0.0051 ms would likely lead to inaccurate results. Where do you want to go next? Throughput Throughput Throughput Throughput Throughput Throughput Home Stream Table Setup Applications Summary Results Aggregate Results Stream Results Test Setup 67 XTT 5000 User's Manual Stream - Constant Traffic Shape Setup Home From the Throughput Stream Table Traffic Shape tab or via Signal 'Traffic Shape', configure the traffic. Parameter Options Details Constant Bandwidth Rate 0.00% to 100.00% Percentage, Bit Rate, IPG (ns) Percentage Range: 0.01% to 100.00% Enter the percentage of bandwidth which will be constantly filled directly in the field. Determine the traffic rate. When changing units from Percentage to IPG to Bit Rate, the display will reset back to the last value entered for those units. Commonly, Ethernet traffic is referred to in terms of the percentage of bandwidth used. At 100%, the gap between frames is at its minimum. As the percentage is reduced, the IPG is increased. Set the interpacket gap. The minimum IPG is 12 bytes or 96 bit times. The bit rate, given as a number of kbps, is a direct function of the bandwidth percentage. 1 kbps corresponds to 0.00001% of a 10GE LAN interface. Because the frame length can be random, there is no fixed relationship between the bit rate and the data rate. IPG (ns) Bit Rate Press to apply the new settings and close the window. Where do you want to go next? Throughput Throughput Throughput Throughput Throughput Throughput Home 68 Stream Table Setup Applications Summary Results Aggregate Results Stream Results Test Setup Throughput Testing Stream - Ramp Traffic Shape Setup Home From the Throughput Stream Table or Pattern on the Signal tab, press 'Traffic Shape' to configure the traffic. The traffic is transmitted at a variable rate from Start Bandwidth (between 0.00% and 100.00%) to Stop Bandwidth (between 0.00% and 100.00%), with increments of Step Size (between 0.01% and 100.00%). Parameter Options Details Rate Percentage, IPG (ns), Bit Rate 0.01% to 100.00% Determine the traffic rate.* Rate: Percentag Rate: IPG (ns) The minimum IPG is 12 bytes or 96 bit times. Ethernet traffic is expressed in terms of the percentage of bandwidth used. At 100%, the gap between frames is at its minimum. As the percentage is reduced, the IPG is increased. The interpacket gap (IPG) is the delay between successive frames. Rate: Bit Rate The bit rate, given as a number of kbps, is a direct function of the bandwidth percentage. Because the frame length can be random, there is no fixed relationship between bit rate and data rate. * When changing units from Percentage to IPG to Bit Rate, the display will reset back to the last value entered for those units. The following parameters are explained in terms of percentages, but would appear as ns or kpbs if Percentage was not selected as the Rate. Parameter Options Start Bandwidth Stop Bandwidth Step Duration 1-60 seconds Step Bandwidth Details Enter the bandwidth percentage the XTT 5000 will start transmitting at the beginning of the test. Enter the bandwidth percentage where the XTT 5000 will stop ramping. After transmitting at this bandwidth (e.g. 100%) for the determined Step Duration, the unit will continue transmitting frames at this maximum rate. Number of seconds the XTT 5000 will transmit each bandwidth step. The time scale on the graph is based on this unit of time. Enter the bandwidth percentage the unit will increase each step up. Where do you want to go next? Throughput Stream Table Setup Throughput Applications 69 XTT 5000 User's Manual Throughput Throughput Throughput Throughput Home 70 Summary Results Aggregate Results Stream Results Test Setup Throughput Testing Stream - VLAN Setup Home Touch each tag you want to use on the Stream Table. VLAN 1 is set on. For VLAN2 and VLAN3, the labels toggle from Off to On, and the color changes to green. A gray VLAN Off button means that tag is not in use. See Auto Fill to configure multiple streams. Parameter Options Details TPID PRI 0x40 to 0x8100 0-7 CFI 0, 1 ID 0-2045 Edit the TPID if required 8100 is the standard IEEE 802.1Q/802.1P value. Enter the User Priority value, per IEEE 802.1Q. • User Priority 0 is the default for Ethernet networks. • The Number Pad will appear to facilitate numeric entry. The Priority Table shows the traffic types by priority. The CFI should almost always be set to 0 to be compatible with Ethernet switches. Enter the optional Virtual LAN tags into the field for each stream. VLAN tags conform to IEEE 802.1Q and IEEE 802.1P. Where do you want to go next? Stream TPID/BERT ID Setup Throughput Stream Table Setup Throughput Summary Results Throughput Aggregate Results Tech: Ethernet Overview Home 71 XTT 5000 User's Manual Stream - TCP Setup Home Use the TCP tab to configure the TCP ports and header, after selecting UDP as part of the Frame Setup on the Stream Table. See Auto Fill to configure multiple streams. Selecting TCP puts a TCP header into the IP packet datagram but does not establish a true TCP connection with the far end. This ”static TCP” is useful for entering a proper TCP port value to pass traffic through firewalls and similar security features on a router, but does not test a live TCP connection. Parameter Options Details UDP Source 0x1 to 0xFFFF UDP Destination 0x1 to 0xFFFF Enter the port address,using the pop up number pad. Enter the port address,using the pop up number pad. Column 2: TCP Header Config Statistic Meaning UDP Source Enter the port address,using the pop up number pad; 0x0 to 0xFFFFFFFF. Expected next Sequence Number, sent by receiver. Acknowledgement Number Data Offset (4 bits) Reserved 6 bits URG PSH RST SYN FIN Window Size (Hex) Size of TCP header; also offset of the packet to the data. Normally unused: set to 0. Enter the value for the Urgent Pointer Control Bit. Enter the value for the Push Function Control Bit. Enter the value for the Reset the connection Control Bit. Enter the value for the Synchronize sequence number Control Bit. Enter the value for the No more data from sender Control Bit. Increase the TCP congestion window size up to 1 Gb; *0x0x to 0xFFFF Where do you want to go next? Throughput Throughput Throughput Throughput Home 72 Stream Table Setup Summary Results Aggregate Results Stream Results Throughput Testing Stream - UDP Setup Home Use the UDP tab to configure the UDP ports and header, after selecting UDP as part of the Frame Setup on the Stream Table. See Auto Fill to configure multiple streams. UDP Source: Enter the port address,using the pop up number pad; 0x1 to 0xFFFF UDP Destination: Enter the port address,using the pop up number pad; 0x1 to 0xFFFF Where do you want to go next? Throughput Throughput Throughput Throughput Home Stream Table Setup Summary Results Aggregate Results Stream Results. 73 XTT 5000 User's Manual Summary Results Home Get an overview of the Throughput test results. It may take a few seconds for results to appear after starting a test. The left side of the window displays: Elapsed Time: How long the test has been running. Remaining Time: How long remains in a scheduled test, or Continuous. Banner: A message summary banner of the status of the test. It reports any errors or alarms, along with a date and time stamp. Below the banner, view a list of logged events: received errors and/or alarms, e.g. Lost Frame, including a count of the number of errors, with a resolution of one second. The right side of the window shows more specific results. In a Live throughput test, statistics are taken on frames, but the test does not look for pattern synchronization or bit errors (no Bit statistics appear). For a Monitor test, only receive (RX) statistics are reported. Status: Statistics status. Statistic Meaning TX Utilization Transmitted bandwidth as a percentage of maximum traffic rate (minimum frame gap). TX Line Rate Transmitted bit rate (in kbps, bps, etc.) of the Ethernet frames, ignoring the frame gap, preamble, and SAD. The data rate is always less than the line rate. TX Data Rate Transmit data rate (in kbps, bps, etc.). This includes the frame headers but not the IPG or Preamble. Thus, the data rate reflects both the frame rate and frame size. RX Utilization Received bandwidth as a percentage of maximum traffic rate (minimum frame gap). RX Line Rate Received bit rate, based on the current utilization.(in kbps, bps, etc.). RX Data Rate Received bit rate of the Ethernet frames, ignoring the frame gap, preamble, and SAD. The data rate is always less than the line rate (in kbps, bps, etc.). Signal The signal information (vendor, wavelength, optical power, etc.) is provided by the SFP/XFP module. Not all manufacturers supply this information, and Sunrise Telecom Inc. is not responsible for modules provided by other vendors. • Vendor: Name of the vendor; • Wavelength: Optical wavelength is use at the port. • RX Optical Power: Received uW and dBm. Where do you want to go next? Throughput Aggregate Results Throughput Stream Results 74 Throughput Testing Working Desktop Home 75 XTT 5000 User's Manual Summary Notes Home The Throughput Summary results window includes banners and event status reports. Status Banners Banner Meaning Color MEAS STOPPED No test is underway NO ERRORS Test is underway with no errors or alarms Errors or alarms currently received in the test Test underway; errors or alarms were received in the past, but are not currently being received Either the RX Rate is zero or the received traffic does not match the stream table settings for that port The Ethernet link is down Yellow banner Green banner Red banner ERRORS/ALARMS ERRORS HISTORY NO BERT TRAFFIC NO LINK Events • • • • REC REC Link Link Start: Start recorded Stop: Stop recorded Up Down Throughput Summary Results Where do you want to go next? Tech: Multicast Frames Summary Results Aggregate Results Working Desktop 76 Red banner Yellow banner Red banner Throughput Testing Home 77 XTT 5000 User's Manual Aggregate Results Home View information on errors received, and frame statistics, for a Throughput, Monitor, Ping, or RFC2544 test. • For the following test frame types, view the frame count or Current frame rate (frames per seconds, the Average frame rate (fps) at which the error was received, and possibly the Utilization rates (percentage of bandwidth). Counts and rates may show for the Transmit and/or Receive directions. • Not all statistics will show for all ports or setups. • In Live and Monitor Test Modes, only Receive Statistics appear. • For information about frame component usage, see the Ethernet Technology Overview. Total Frames Total Bytes Frame Rate Current/Average/ (fps) Frame Rate Minimum/Maximum (fps) Line Rate Data Rate Utilization Current (%) Frame Sizes Bit Error Service Disruption Non Test Traffic Pause Frames FCS/CRC Errors Unicast Multicast 78 Number of received/transmitted frames. Number of received/transmitted bytes. Current rate at which frames are being transmitted and received at this second. Minimum or maximum transmitted and received frames per second since the beginning of the test. Transmitted and Received data rates. Transmit data rate (in kbps, bps, etc.). The data rate includes the frame headers but not the IPG or Preamble. Thus, the data rate reflects both the frame rate and frame size. Percentage of current/average/Minimum/Maximum bandwidth in use. Count of frames of each size: Under 64 Bytes/64 Bytes/65-127/128-255/256-511/512-10234/ 10241518/ Over 1518 Bytes (aka jumbo frames). Undersized Frames Tip Count of the number of bit errors since the beginning of the test. Packet interval (ms) detected during the measurement. This is a very precise disruption measurement. Number of received frames that do not match the ports Stream Table, such as live traffic. Multicast and broadcast frames are reported as non-test frames. Consult the Stream Table. Count of received pause frames. Frame Check Sequence or Cyclic Redundancy Check errors. Count of Layer 2 Unicast frames transmitted and received. Count of Layer 2 multicast frames transmitted and received. Throughput Testing Test Frames Non Test Frames Unicast Test Frames Broadcast Test Frames Keep Alive Mac Frames Invalid Mac Frames Good Frames Error Frames Frame Rate Current (fps) Total VLAN Frames Single-Tagged VLAN Frames Multi-Tagged VLAN Frames MPLS Frames IPv4 Frames Frame Rate Unicast IPv4 Frames Multicast IPv4 Frames Broadcast IPv4 Frame IPv6 Frames Unicast IPv6 Frames Multicast IPv6 Frames TCP Frames UDP Frames Pause Frames Frame Gap Avg Service Disruption Events Latency LOS LOSync IP Checksum Error Count of Frames which match the Stream Table. Count of Frames that do not match the ports Stream table, such as live traffic. Multicast and broadcast frames are reported as non-test frames. Consult the Stream Table. Count of unicast test frames. A broadcast frame is a frame that is intended for all of the devices on the network, the destination MAC address is set to ‘FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF’. Count of frames with MAC Keep Alive frames. Count of frames with invalid MAC addresses. Count of unerrored frames. Count of errored frames. Number of frames currently received per second. Frames containing VLAN tags. Frames containing one VLAN tag. Frames containing more than one VLAN tag. Frames containing MPLS tags. IP version 4 frames. Unicast IP version 4 frames. Multicast IP version 4 frames. Broadcast IP version 4 frames. IP version 6 frames. Unicast IP version 6 frames. Multicast IP version 6 frames. Frames containing Layer 4 Transmission Control Protocol. Frames containing Layer 4 User Datagram Protocol. Pause flow control frames. IPG/IFG delay between successive frames. Average duration of packet intervals. Latency measurement. Loss of Signal (Seconds). Loss of Synchronization; count of Events, Aggregate totals, Minimum/Maximum/Current/Average Number of IP checksum errors received. 79 XTT 5000 User's Manual TCP Checksum Error UDP Checksum Error Lost SN Error Out of Sequence Error: Number of TCP checksum errors received. Number of UDP checksum errors received. Frames where the Sequence Number was lost Frames which arrive out of numerical sequence. Where would you like to go next? Throughput Applications Ethernet Frame Type Throughput Summary Results Throughput Aggregate Results Throughput Stream Results Throughput Test Setup Home 80 Throughput Testing Thoughput Stream Results • • • Home Results apply to the stream number highlighted at the top of the screen. Press another stream button to see results for another active (orange) stream. For information about frame component usage, see the Ethernet Technology Overview. Statistic Details Total Frames Total Bytes Number of received/transmitted frames. Number of received/transmitted bytes. • Frame Rate Current (fps), Average (fps), Minimum (fps),Maximum (fps) • Utilization Current (%)/Average (%)/Minimum (%)/Maximum (%) Transmitted and Received data rates. Transmit data rate (in kbps, bps, etc.). The data rate includes the frame headers but not the IPG or Preamble. Thus, the data rate reflects both the frame rate and frame size. Count of frames of each size. • Frame Size Under 64 Bytes/64 Bytes/65-127/128255/256-511/512-10234/ 1024-1518/ Over 1518 Bytes Line Rate Data Rate Frame Sizes Test Frames For the following test frame types, view the frame count or Current frame rate (frames per seconds) and the Average frame rate (fps). Counts and rates may show for the Transmit and/or Receive directions. Not all statistics will show for all ports or setups. See the Aggregate Results for the most of the statistics. Here are a few differences Statistic Details Bit Error Current Bit Count of bit errors. Count of the number of bit errors since the beginning of the test. Bit error ratio since the beginning of the test. Bit Error Ratio BER LOP(s) No BERT Traffic (s) Count of number of seconds containing Loss of Pattern. Seconds containing no BERT traffic. Frame Interval Average: The frame interval averaged all received frames. Frame Interval Technology Note Frame Interval Minimum: Smallest frame interval observed during the measurement. Frame Interval Maximum: The maximum frame interval observed during the measurement. 81 XTT 5000 User's Manual Frame Interval Variation: The maximum frame interval minus the minimum frame interval. This measurement is equivalent to a one-point frame delay variation or frame jitter measurement. Where would you like to go next? Throughput Summary Results Throughput Aggregate Results Throughput Stream Results Throughput Test Setup Throughput Applications Ethernet Technology Overview Home 82 Throughput Testing Throughput Non Test Stream Results Home Non Test Stream traffic gives statistics on traffic which does not meet the Stream Table configurations. Totals Statistic Details Total Frames Total Bytes Number of received/transmitted frames. Line Rate Data Rate Frame Sizes Number of received/transmitted bytes. • Frame Rate Current (fps), Average (fps), Minimum (fps),Maximum (fps) • Utilization Current (%)/Average (%)/Minimum (%)/Maximum (%) Transmitted and Received data rate (in kbps, bps, etc.). The data rate includes the frame headers but not the IPG or Preamble. Thus, the data rate reflects both the frame rate and frame size. Transmit data rate (in kbps, bps, etc.). The data rate includes the frame headers but not the IPG or Preamble. Thus, the data rate reflects both the frame rate and frame size. Count of frame types of each size. • Frame Size Under 64 Bytes/64 Bytes/65-127/128-255/256511/512-10234/ 1024-1518/ Over 1518 Bytes Test Frames For the following test frame types, view the frame count or Current frame rate (frames per seconds) and the Average frame rate (fps). Counts and rates may show for the Transmit and/or Receive directions. Not all statistics will show for all ports or setups. • Unicast • Multicast • Broadcast • Invalid MAC Frames • Total VLAN Frames • Single-Tagged VLAN Frames • Multi-Tagged VLAN Frames • IPv4/6 Frames:Count/Unicast/Multicast/Broadcast • TCP Frames • UDP Frames Statistic Meaning Bit Error Current Bit Count of bit errors Count of the number of bit errors since the beginning of the test. Bit error ratio since the beginning of the test. Bit Error Ratio BER LOP(s) No BERT Traffic Count of number of seconds containing Loss of Pattern. Seconds containing no BERT traffic. 83 XTT 5000 User's Manual (s) Frame Interval Minimum Frame Interval Maximum Frame Interval Variation Smallest frame interval observed during the measurement. The maximum frame interval observed during the measurement. The maximum frame interval minus the minimum frame interval. This measurement is equivalent to a one-point frame delay variation or frame jitter measurement. Frame Interval Technology Note Where would you like to go next? Throughput Summary Results Throughput Aggregate Results Throughput Stream Results Throughput Test Setup Throughput Applications Ethernet Technology Overview Home 84 RFC2544/NE Testing RFC2544 Applications Home XTT 5000 uses UDP echo request frames, as specified by RFC2544. See the application diagram. RFC2544 Throughput Test RFC2544 is an automated test which will transmit a variety of frame lengths at different frame rates to find the optimal performance of the device under test (DUT). The signal configuration is the same as BERT, but without the need to specify frame length, traffic setting, or test pattern. The Test Layer selection and Stream Table for RFC2544 is identical to that for BERT. To configure an RFC2544 throughput test, select RFC2544NE Test as the test mode on the drop down menu. Configure the Layer and Filter Selection (if desired). Only 1 stream is allowed. RFC2544 NE Stress Test In a Network Element (NE) stress test, tests are performed incrementally for each frame size. NE tests are particularly useful for longer burn-in tests. To configure an NE stress test, select RFC2544.NE Test as the test mode on the drop down menu, then set the Test Mode to NE Test on the Test Sequence tab. On the Throughput Latency tab, set the Starting and Stop Rates as well as the Step Size. Press then on the Action Bar to start a test. Where do you want to go next? RFC2544 Throughput Test Setup RFC2544 NE Stress Test Configuration RFC2544 Applications RFC2544 Summary Results IP Test Setup Throughput Test Setup Home 85 XTT 5000 User's Manual RFC2544 One Tester Application Diagram RFC2544 Throughput and NE Test Setup Where do you want to go next? RFC Applications RFC2544 Throughput Test Setup RFC2544 NE Stress Test Configuration Home 86 Home RFC2544/NE Testing RFC2544 Test Notes Home Test Types Latency Frame Loss Rates Test Layers RFC2544 is designed for Layer 2 and Layer 3 devices. As such, each test frame must have a valid MAC header, preamble, and interpacket gap. For testing Layer 3 devices, such as routers, a valid IP header is also required. Though VLAN support is not mentioned in RFC 2544, VLAN-based services should include the appropriate VLAN tags. Unframed testing, where the payload data is not encapsulated into a valid Ethernet frame, is not compatible with RFC2544 device testing. XTT 5000 uses a frame payload that consists of a sequence number, a time stamp, and a test pattern specified by the user. The sequence number and time stamp are used to accurately measure lost frames and latency, respectively. Frame Sizes The standard frame sizes for Ethernet testing are 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024, 1280, and 1518 bytes. With systems that support jumbo frames, such as 4096- or 9000byte frames, these frame sizes should be tested as well. The XTT 5000 defaults to the frame size defined in RFC 2544, but allows you to set the frame size to any valid value. RFC2544 Test Types Throughput The throughput test determines the maximum frame rate without lost frames the DUT can manage. The test begins at 100% frame rate by sending a predetermined number of frames, or, more commonly, sending the frames for a predetermined length of time. If any frames are lost, the test is repeated at a lower frame rate. This process continues until the maximum throughput is determined. Sunrise Telecom uses a binary search algorithm for determining the throughput. The standard test method reduces the throughput by a set increment, such as 10%. This is not the most efficient algorithm available especially for determining the throughput with a better resolution, such as 1%. The binary search changes the throughput value by ever decreasing increments: 50%, 25%, etc. The throughput is increased or decreased depending on the results of the previous test. The algorithm continues to run until the throughput is determined to within the specified resolution, typically 1% to 10%. Latency The standard latency test is to run test traffic at the predetermined throughput rate or two minutes, and measure the latency of a single tagged frame sent at least one minute into test. The reported latency is the average of twenty such tests. Strict adherence to the standard would require 280 minutes, over four hours, to complete for all frame sizes. The XTT 5000 provides the option to instead perform a 'Quick Latency” test that eliminates the need to run a separate and time consuming latency test. During the throughput test, the latency of the test frames is measured 87 XTT 5000 User's Manual and averaged. Results from failed throughput tests are discarded. The latency results from the highest successful throughput test are kept and reported. Latency results as a function of frame size and throughput are tabularized. Frame Loss Rate The frame loss rate test plots the frame loss as a function of utilization. Similar to the throughput test, the test begins at 100% frame rate by sending a predetermined number of frames, and recording the percentage of lost frames. The bandwidth is reduced by a preset amount, 10% or less, and the test is repeated. If two successive trials result in no frame loss, the lower rates are not tested and assumed to have zero frame loss. This test is repeated for each frame size. Where do you want to go next? RFC2544 Throughput Test Setup RFC2544 NE Stress Test Configuration Home 88 RFC2544/NE Testing RFC2544 Throughput Application Home Test Notes The following sample test presumes the use of an RJ-45 port for a RFC2544 throughput test. The test operates between two XTT modules or two test ports on the same module. Configure your RJ-45 or SFP port, then follow this procedure. See the application diagram. 1. From the menu, select RFC2544/NETEST as the test type. The Test Sequence tab will open. 2. Configure the Test Sequence tab. Tap the button for each test you want to run. A. Select Throughput, Latency, and Frame Loss. 3. Configure the Throughput/Latency tab. Duration: Enter a Time of 10 seconds; longer values will increase testing time proportionately. When performing delay measurements over a network with more than 1 ms of delay, the average reported delay may be smaller than the minimum reported delay. Use the Maximum delay as the benchmark for delay testing. Starting Rate: 100%. Resolution: As desired—1% is typical. 4. Configure the Latency tab. • Select Frame Loss. 5. Configure the Frame tab. • Check 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024, 1280, and 1518. • Selecting fewer frames will decrease testing time proportionately. 6. Configure the Frame Loss tab. Duration: Enter a Time of 10 seconds; longer values will increase testing time proportionately. -- Starting Rate: 100%. -- Step size: As desired; 10% is typical. 7. Configure the second test port or the far end module with a software loopback as follows: Menu test type: Loopback --Mode: Manual --Layer: Layer 2 then on the Action Bar to start the RFC2544 tests. The Summary 8.Press measurement window will open automatically after a few moments. Where do you want to go next? RFC2544 NE Stress Test Configuration RFC2544 Applications RFC2544 Summary Results RFC2544 Thruput Latency Results RFC2544 Frame Loss Chart Results Aggregate Results Home 89 XTT 5000 User's Manual RFC2544 Test Sequence Home Select RFC2544/NE Test as the test type on the Menu to perform RFC-2544 tests. Use the 'Loop Control' ( ) button to set a loop if necessary. Left Column - Test Basics Type: Determine the type of RFC2544 test to perform. • An RFC2544 test tests a device by transmitting various frame lengths at different rates to find the maximum throughput rate. • An NE test stresses a NE at a variety of rates, which you define. Run Continuously: N/A. The RFC2544 test will run continuously when this is set to On. • Once the test sequence is completed, the module will run the sequence again without saving the test results. This allows RFC2544 to be used as a long term test. Estimated Test Time: View an estimation of how long it will take to run theselected tests, in a days, hours, minutes format.54qaz\`z`QRFTG12Choose the Tests to Run To select a throughput or NE test to run, press its button to turn it On. The Estimated Test Time reflects the predicted test run time for the tests selected. • You may run several tests in sequence. Trial Set at On, the RFC2544 Trial Description runs before the main Description test starts. If it fails, no further testing occurs. Throughput This test uses a binary search to determine the maximum traffic rate (expressed as a percentage) the DUT can pass without losing any frames. Latency Determines the round trip delay of the frame through the DUT. Latency Mode: • Standard follows the guidelines of RFC 2544, which can take several hours for a complete test. • Quick measures the round trip delay while it is performing the Throughput test and takes no extra time. Results from failed throughput tests are discarded, and only the results from the highest successful throughput test are kept and recorded. Frame Loss Generates a table that shows the percentage of lost frames as a function of frame rate, expressed as a percentage. Back to Determines the maximum number of frames sent back to- back Back at 100% frame rate that the DUT can process without losing frames DUT Type Select the type of far end device under test: ROUTER or BRIDGE. Multi-Port View or set the port connections. RFC-2544 tests require the use of two ports. RFC 2544 may be run between two different ports such as: XFP - SFP XFP - RJ-45 SFP - SFP SFP - RJ-45 90 RFC2544/NE Testing RJ-45 – RJ-45 If you need to change the connection, touch first the TX port, then the RX port you want to have work with it. • Pair the TX port with the matching RX port, unless otherwise indicated by your design. • Active ports are shown in green; you may not reassign those ports. The most common method of using RFC2544 for testing Ethernet services, as opposed to Ethernet devices, is to transmit frames through the network to the far end, where they are looped back and sent back to the test module. In this configuration, the TX and RX test port should be the same. However, there are times when the TX and RX test port need to be different, such as when testing a switch or when the TX and RX line rates are different. For example, if you were to transmit from a 10GE port to a GE port, the throughput rate couldn’t be higher than 10%, since 1 Gigabit Ethernet is 10% of the bandwidth of 10 Gigabit Ethernet. • Where do you want to go next? RFC2544 Throughput Test Setup RFC2544 NE Stress Test Configuration RFC2544 Applications RFC2544 Summary Results IP Test Setup Throughput Test Setup Home 91 XTT 5000 User's Manual RFC2544 Throughput Latency Home Select RFC2544/NE Test as the test type on the Menu to perform RFC-2544 tests. Set the Throughput/NE parameters, and the Latency parameters. Press the configuration. to save Throughput - NE Parameter Options Details Duration TIME FRAMES Frames • • Set how measurements will be taken. TIME: Base measurements on a length of time. FRAMES: Base measurements on a number of frames Duration = Frames Time Starting Rate Stop Rate (N/A RFC2544 test) Resolution (N/A NE Test) N/A FE GigE Options: 10,0001,000,000 • 10GE Options: 10,00010,000,00 4-60 seconds .01-100% 01-100% 01-100% Duration = Time Set the rate at which frames will begin being transmitted. • 100% is a good starting rate for a standard RFC test, recommended in RFC 2544. • For NE testing, select the rate applicable to your setup. Set the rate at which frames will stop being transmitted. 100% is typical. Determine measurement precision. • 1% is typical; you can go as precise as .01% (very precise tests take longer to run). • The search algorithm continues until the step between two consecutive tests is lower than this specified resolution. Each step increases (or decreases) the traffic rate by the specified amount. The NE Test tests the throughput and/or latency at different test rates and gives the result for each one. Rate Step 01-100% Size * (N/A RFC2544 test) *RFC2544 specifies a default resolution of 10%. This means if the true throughput rate of the DUT was 98.5%, the test would report 90%. In some cases, higher precision is required, hence the default for the test set is set to 1.0%. Make sure to set the Starting and Stop Rates when configuring an NE test. 92 RFC2544/NE Testing Latency Parameters Options Details Latency Standard follows RFC 2544 guidelines, which can take several hours for a complete test. Quick: Performs the latency test at the same time as the Throughput test. Determine the round trip delay of the frame through the DUT. The Quick test takes no extra time. Standard Latency Latency measures the time it takes for the test frame to pass through the device under test. The latency of each frame is measured. Duration: Determine for how long each frame size will be transmitted. See the Starting Rate, Stop Rate parameters above. Rate Step Size (N/A RFC2544 test): Each step increases (or decreases) the traffic rate by the specified amount. The NE Test tests the throughput and/or latency at different test rates and gives the result for each one. Warm-up: Determine the amount of time to transmit frames before taking the latency measurement. RFC 2544 recommends 60 seconds. Repetitions: Determine the number of repetitions taken for averaging. RFC 2544 recommends 20 repetitions. Where do you want to go next? RFC2544 Applications RFC2544 NE Stress Test Configuration RFC2544 Summary Results Home 93 XTT 5000 User's Manual RFC2544 NE Test Configuration Home Test Notes See the application diagram. RFC2544 NE Stress Test To stress an RFC2544 network element, tests are performed incrementally for each frame size. This is a burn-in test. 1. Tap the Menu button, and select RFC2544/NE TEST. 2. On the Test Summary tab: • Tap Type and select NE TEST. • Tap Throughput to turn that test On. 3. On the Throughput tab, set Starting Rate: 10% Stop Rate: 100% Step size: 10% 4. Press 'Start' in the Action Bar to being the test. 5. View the results. Where do you want to go next? RFC2544 Throughput Test Setup RFC2544 Applications RFC2544 Summary Results Home 94 RFC2544/NE Testing RFC2544 Frame Sizes Thresholds Home XTT 5000 defaults to the standard frames sizes: 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024, 1280, 1518, 4096, 8192, 12,000. The Frame Length row shows frame sizes in bytes. • Check the corresponding box above for each frame size you want to test. • The default frame sizes are based on RFC 2544, but all are user-configurable. To Edit Frame Sizes and Thresholds 1. Press 'Thresholds' at the bottom of the screen to enable thresholds. 2. Place a check in the box for each frame size you want to test. 3. Click on the Frame Sizes row you want to configure. The Frame Size & Thresholds window pops up. • 'Frame Length': Set the required frame size using the number pad. Options: 34-12,000 frames. • 'Throughput': Configure the required Throughput percentage using the number pad. Options: 1-100 percent. • 'Latency (ms)': Configure the allowable Latency, using the number pad. Options: 1-100 ms • On the Frame Size & Thresholds window, touch Non-standard (user) frame sizes are used to test frame sizes that are outsized, such as a jumbo or undersized frames. When testing with VLAN and/or MPLS tags, 64 bytes is no longer a proper frame length, and it does not appear on the list of frame sizes. However, it can be added using the Custom Frame Size field. button when you are ready to save the configuration. Press the These thresholds have no direct effect on the RFC2544 Throughput or Latency results. They are intended to go beyond the RFC2544 standards and provide a means to standardize minimum acceptable results of these tests. Select RFC2544/NE Test as the test type on the Menu to perform RFC-2544 tests. Where do you want to go next? RFC2544 RFC2544 RFC2544 RFC2544 RFC2544 Home Throughput Test Setup NE Stress Test Configuration Applications Test Sequences Summary Results 95 XTT 5000 User's Manual RFC2544 Back-to-Back Testing Notes Home At the start of the test, the XTT 5000 will send frames back-to-back for the specified duration. • If the test runs without losing frames, the duration will be increased and the test redone until frames are lost or until the maximum duration is reached. • If frames are lost, the duration will be reduced until no frames are lost. • This cycle will continue until the specified resolution is reached. • Once completed, this is counted as one repetition; the test is then repeated, starting at the original duration, for the number of repetitions specified. Where do you want to go next? RFC2544 RFC2544 RFC2544 RFC2544 RFC2544 Home 96 Back-to-Back Setup Throughput Test Setup NE Stress Test Configuration Applications Summary Results RFC2544/NE Testing RFC-2544 Frame Loss & Back to Back Setup Configure the RFC-2544 frame loss and back-to-back tests. Press configuration. Home to save the Frame Loss - NE Parameters Options Details Duration Time: Base measurements on a length of time (1-99,999 seconds), which you enter at the 'Time' button. Frames (N/A FE): Base measurements on a number of frames, which you enter at the 'Frames' button. .01-100% Set how measurements will be taken. Starting Rate Rate Step Size Set the rate at which frames will begin being transmitted. The rate recommended by RFC2544 is 100%. Determine the size (percentage) of each rate step. • The RFC 2544 default is steps of 10%. .01-100% Back to Back Back-to-Back testing determines the maximum number of frames sent back-to-back at 100% frame rate that the DUT can process without losing frames. Back-to-Back Testing Notes Parameters Options Details Time Duration Max Duration 2-100 seconds 2-100 seconds Repetitions 1-100 Enter the amount of time the frames will be sent initially. Enter the longest amount of time, in seconds, the frames will be sent back-to-back. • In a perfect network, the duration is infinite, so the maximum duration is used to place a realistic cap on the time it takes to run the test. Enter the number of times the test will be run. • The average result will be taken over all repetitions. Each repetition of the test can include many cycles of changing the duration and the number of frames sent. Where do you want to go from here? RFC2544 Latency Configuration 97 XTT 5000 User's Manual RFC2544 Applications RFC2544 Throughput Test Setup RFC2544 NE Stress Test Configuration RFC2544 Summary Results Working Desktop Home 98 RFC2544/NE Testing Stream Table Setup Home • Each stream may be configured independently. See Auto Fill to configure multiple streams. • Throughput tests support up to 16 streams. RFC 2544 tests support one stream. • Visit the Technology Overview for information on frame components and more. To configure a stream, tap a stream row. The Stream Number X window will pop up, for configuring the stream in detail. When there are multiple streams, the window will have scroll arrows for moving between Stream Number x windows. The Frame Setup tab appears on top. Configure each tab on the window. MAC in MAC VLAN MPLS IP TCP UDP Payload Traffic Shape*: MAC^ Constant, Ramp, Burst ^Available at a future date. * Traffic shaping is not available in Layer 1, Unframed mode. Rx Filter: Filter on received messages. Stream Table Buttons Button Function 'Structure' 'Total Streams' 'Remove' 'Auto Fill' 'TPID/BERT ID' Note: This is a global settings; all BERT streams get the same ID. Tap a frame element in the table to configure the frame. View/set the number of streams in use. Use the Total Streams keypad to enter a new quantity (1-16) of streams for the table if necessary. The number in use is shown on the 'Streams' button. Delete the highlighted stream and reduce the total number of streams by one. Automatically fill in the addresses of all streams in the table. Edit the TPID directly in the field if required; applies only when VLAN is in use. • 8100 is the standard IEEE 802.1Q/802.1P value. • A TPID is available for each VLAN. • Technology: VLAN Tagging BERT ID: Ox40 to 0x8100. • The XTT 5000 place the BERT ID value in the IP Header (Identification field) s, the tester can easily identify whether IP traffic is BERT traffic or not. Where do you want to go next? Configure the frame Throughput Applications Throughput Summary Results Throughput Aggregate Results 99 XTT 5000 User's Manual Throughput Stream Results Throughput Test Setup Working Desktop Home 100 RFC2544/NE Testing RFC2544 Summary Results Home View the overall RFC2544 results, including a Status report, such as "Pass” or "Fail" NE test results include the throughput status for each frame rate, with "Pass” or "Fail" result. For Throughput, the "Pass/Fail” message is an indication of whether or not any frames were lost during the test. This has no bearing on the Thresholds set in the configuration. Left Side Results Table Statistic Seq# Test Size Rate Frames Status Meaning Sequence number denoting the order and repetitions of the tests. Type of test. Frame size under test. The throughput rate currently being tested is reported, in percentage of bandwidth. Number of frames tested. Applies to Back-to-Back frames test. Test status; pass/fail, percentage of frames lost. Status Statistic RT TX Utilization TX Line Rate TX Data Rate RX Utilization RX Line Rate RX Data Rate Meaning Remaining Time for the test in progress. Once the test is completed, the results of the test will be indicated. Transmitted percentage bandwidth utilization Transmitted data rate (in kbps, bps, etc.). Transmit data rate (in kbps, bps, etc.). Received percentage bandwidth utilization. Receive data rate (in kbps, bps, etc.). Receive data rate (in kbps, bps, etc.). Signal The signal information for optical interfaces (vendor, wavelength, optical power, etc.) is provided by the SFP module. Not all manufacturers supply this information, and Sunrise Telecom Inc. is not responsible for modules provided by other vendors. • Vendor: Name of the vendor; • Wavelength: Optical wavelength is use at the port. • RX Optical Power: Received uW and dBm. Where do you want to go next? RFC2544 Summary Results 101 XTT 5000 User's Manual RFC2544 RFC2544 RFC2544 RFC2544 RFC2544 RFC2544 Home 102 Throughput Latency Results Throughput Chart Results Aggregate Results Throughput Test Setup NE Stress Test Configuration Applications RFC2544/NE Testing RFC2544 Thruput Latency Results Home View the throughput and latency results for each selected frame size, in tabular form. Latency results are shown by frame size and throughput. • Quick Latency: Results from the highest successful throughput test. • Standard Latency: Runs traffic at the set throughput rate for two minutes, measuring the latency of a single tagged frame sent a minute into the test; the reported latency is the result of twenty such tests. Frame Size: Frame size, in bytes. Throughput: Throughput Percentage, and In Progress/Pass/Fail/No Link Status. • The rate passes if it meets or exceeds the Throughput standard. Latency: View the Average, Maximum, and Minimum latency results in microseconds, and the link Status for each frame size. Where do you want to go next? RFC2544 Summary Results RFC2544 Throughput Chart Results Aggregate Results RFC2544 Throughput Test Setup RFC2544 NE Stress Test Configuration RFC2544 Applications Home 103 XTT 5000 User's Manual RFC2544 Frame Loss Table Results • • • View the percentage of frames of each size lost for the indicated input rate. Frames are plotted as a function of bandwidth utilization. See the Frame Loss Chart for a graphical representation of the results. Where do you want to go next? RFC2544 Throughput Test Setup RFC2544 NE Stress Test Configuration RFC2544 Applications RFC2544 Summary Results IP Test Setup Throughput Test Setup Home 104 Home RFC2544/NE Testing RFC2544 Back-to-Back Table Results Home This function determines the maximum number of frames sent back-to-back with minimal IPG (in other words, at 100% frame rate) that the DUT can process without losing frames. The test begins with a specified number of frames and repeats with more or fewer frames until it determines the maximum number. As always, this is repeated for each frame size. • The Average, Minimum, and Maximum number of frames processed without error for each frame size is shown in the table. Where do you want to go next? Configure an RJ-45 port. Configure an SFP port. Meas. Setup: Configure measurement parameters Throughput Test Setup RFC2544/NE Applications IP Test Setup Monitor Setup Loopback Test Setup Home 105 XTT 5000 User's Manual RFC2544 Thruput Chart Results Home The graph presents Throughput results. • Horizontal axis: Size of each frame under test • Vertical axis: Frame rate (percentage of 100% maximum). Each result is the maximum throughput rate for the frame size. See the Throughput/Latency tab for exact values. If you use very small values, you will need to zoom in to see the results. Where do you want to go next? RFC2544 RFC2544 RFC2544 RFC2544 RFC2544 RFC2544 RFC2544 Home 106 Summary Results Throughput Latency Results Throughput Chart Results Aggregate Results Throughput Test Setup NE Stress Test Configuration Applications RFC2544/NE Testing Aggregate Results Home View information on errors received, and frame statistics, for a Throughput, Monitor, Ping, or RFC2544 test. • For the following test frame types, view the frame count or Current frame rate (frames per seconds, the Average frame rate (fps) at which the error was received, and possibly the Utilization rates (percentage of bandwidth). Counts and rates may show for the Transmit and/or Receive directions. • Not all statistics will show for all ports or setups. • In Live and Monitor Test Modes, only Receive Statistics appear. • For information about frame component usage, see the Ethernet Technology Overview. Total Frames Total Bytes Frame Rate Current/Average/ (fps) Frame Rate Minimum/Maximum (fps) Line Rate Data Rate Utilization Current (%) Frame Sizes Bit Error Service Disruption Non Test Traffic Pause Frames FCS/CRC Errors Unicast Multicast Number of received/transmitted frames. Number of received/transmitted bytes. Current rate at which frames are being transmitted and received at this second. Minimum or maximum transmitted and received frames per second since the beginning of the test. Transmitted and Received data rates. Transmit data rate (in kbps, bps, etc.). The data rate includes the frame headers but not the IPG or Preamble. Thus, the data rate reflects both the frame rate and frame size. Percentage of current/average/Minimum/Maximum bandwidth in use. Count of frames of each size: Under 64 Bytes/64 Bytes/65-127/128-255/256-511/512-10234/ 10241518/ Over 1518 Bytes (aka jumbo frames). Undersized Frames Tip Count of the number of bit errors since the beginning of the test. Packet interval (ms) detected during the measurement. This is a very precise disruption measurement. Number of received frames that do not match the ports Stream Table, such as live traffic. Multicast and broadcast frames are reported as non-test frames. Consult the Stream Table. Count of received pause frames. Frame Check Sequence or Cyclic Redundancy Check errors. Count of Layer 2 Unicast frames transmitted and received. Count of Layer 2 multicast frames transmitted and received. 107 XTT 5000 User's Manual Test Frames Non Test Frames Unicast Test Frames Broadcast Test Frames Keep Alive Mac Frames Invalid Mac Frames Good Frames Error Frames Frame Rate Current (fps) Total VLAN Frames Single-Tagged VLAN Frames Multi-Tagged VLAN Frames MPLS Frames IPv4 Frames Frame Rate Unicast IPv4 Frames Multicast IPv4 Frames Broadcast IPv4 Frame IPv6 Frames Unicast IPv6 Frames Multicast IPv6 Frames TCP Frames UDP Frames Pause Frames Frame Gap Avg Service Disruption Events Latency LOS LOSync IP Checksum Error 108 Count of Frames which match the Stream Table. Count of Frames that do not match the ports Stream table, such as live traffic. Multicast and broadcast frames are reported as non-test frames. Consult the Stream Table. Count of unicast test frames. A broadcast frame is a frame that is intended for all of the devices on the network, the destination MAC address is set to ‘FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF’. Count of frames with MAC Keep Alive frames. Count of frames with invalid MAC addresses. Count of unerrored frames. Count of errored frames. Number of frames currently received per second. Frames containing VLAN tags. Frames containing one VLAN tag. Frames containing more than one VLAN tag. Frames containing MPLS tags. IP version 4 frames. Unicast IP version 4 frames. Multicast IP version 4 frames. Broadcast IP version 4 frames. IP version 6 frames. Unicast IP version 6 frames. Multicast IP version 6 frames. Frames containing Layer 4 Transmission Control Protocol. Frames containing Layer 4 User Datagram Protocol. Pause flow control frames. IPG/IFG delay between successive frames. Average duration of packet intervals. Latency measurement. Loss of Signal (Seconds). Loss of Synchronization; count of Events, Aggregate totals, Minimum/Maximum/Current/Average Number of IP checksum errors received. RFC2544/NE Testing TCP Checksum Error UDP Checksum Error Lost SN Error Out of Sequence Error: Number of TCP checksum errors received. Number of UDP checksum errors received. Frames where the Sequence Number was lost Frames which arrive out of numerical sequence. Where would you like to go next? Throughput Applications Ethernet Frame Type Throughput Summary Results Throughput Aggregate Results Throughput Stream Results Throughput Test Setup Home 109 IP Ping Testing IP Testing Home The IP test tests end-to-end connectivity between active IP stations, providing various performance related statistics. This feature includes four generic testing methods (IP Test Types) for IP networks: • Ping Test: Commonly used to discover whether two remote LAN segments, using TCP-IP protocol, are connected • Trace Route Test: Trace the route to the far end device • FTP: Web transfer testing. • HTTP: Web access testing. Ping and trace route tests typically requires two XTT 5000 modules, or a XTT 5000 and a MTT-28 or -29 module. However, the ping test can also be used to ping a distant router directly, provided its IP address or URL are known, and the end router has been configured to respond to pings. Also note that some networks are set to not allow ping packets through. In that case, this test will not provide useful results. See the application diagram. Caution: If you are sending packets to your responder via a router or other device with its own IP address, make sure to set the Dst MAC to the MAC address of the router, NOT the responder. Otherwise, the router will likely discard the packets (without ARP in use).If you are staying down at layer 2 (MAC) this does not apply. IP works fine if all the devices are on the same local network segment; this is applies when sending traffic off your local network segment. To perform IP testing, select IP TEST from the menu. IP Ping Test Application 1. From the drop down menu, select IP TEST as the test type. 2. Configure the port. RJ-45 - Fast Ethernet Augo-Negotiation: On Port Rate: Match the rate of the line under test; 10M, 100M, 1000M Port Duplex: Full Pause: OFF RJ-45 Polarity: AUTO Pause Frame Delay: 0 ms SFP - Gigabit Ethernet Interface: Gigabit Ethernet or 100Base FX; different parameters apply Augo-Negotiation: On Port Rate: Match the rate of the line under test; 10M, 100M, 1000M Pause: Off Asymmetric Pause: Off Pause Frame Delay: 0 ms Laser: On 2. Configure the IP Setup tab: IP Test Type: PING. Source IP Mode: Select the network *addressing system* as required 111 XTT 5000 User's Manual • • • If connected to a DHCP network, selecting DHCP will configure the IP Address, Subnet, Gateway, and possibly DNS if Auto (DHCP) is checked as well. If Auto (DHCP) is not checked, then a static IP address must be entered, as well as the Subnet mask and Gateway. For DHCP networks, see the Details field for more information. Note: The DHCP Status, if enabled, will appear in the DHCP Status field. Configure the remaining IP Setup items for Static Source IP Mode. STATIC SOURCE IP MODE Parameters Source IP Address:Enter the unit's IP source address. Gateway: Enter the STT gateway address. If there's no gateway, enter 000.000.000.000. Subnet: Enter the STT subnet mask value. 255.255.255.000 is the most common value. DNS: Enter the IP address of the DNS server. This is only required when you wish to ping a URL rather than an IP address. VLAN: If required, select 1-3 VLAN tags, and configure them appropriately. Procedure, continued 3. Select the Ping Setup tab. Ping Delay: 50-1000 ms; this is the delay between pings—affects the rate. Ping Rate: 1-20; this is the rate at which pings are transmitted. Typical values used are 500 ms delay of 2 pings per second. This is read only, based on the Ping Delay setting. Frame Length: Enter the length of the ping; 64 bytes is common. # Ping Packets: Enter a number of pings of which the test will consist; 4 is common, though Continuous: Send pings continuously. Continuous is also used frequently. Time to Live (TTL): Enter the Time to Live value (in hops). Time Out: Enter the time-out period, in seconds Ping of Death: Set to Off.. Destination IP Address: Use the Number Pad to enter the IP address to send the ping to. then on the Action Bar to begin the IP test. Measurement windows 4. Press include: Ping Result, Ping Details and TX and RX Statistics. • Look for the Ping messages in the Status field. This lets you track the progress of the test. • View the Ping results on the right side of the window, under Round Trip and • Ping Results. • Go to the Ping Detail tab to get additional details on the transmitted ping packets. Where do you want to go next? IP Test Setup IP Testing Throughput Test Setup RFC2544 Applications Home 112 IP Ping Testing IP Setup Tab Home IP Setup Parameter Options Details Source IP Mode DHCP: The test port will obtain an IP source and gateway address from a DHCP server. A status field shows the message exchange, under 'Detail'. Static: Manually assign the network parameters;the port will use the same IP address each time it connects. Source IP Enter the static IP address to use for the test port. Specify the gateway address. Specify the subnet mask. Set how the unit will obtain an IP source and gateway address. DHCP Note: Press 'Reset' to start the process over. Static only. Gateway Subnet Mask DNS IP Test Type Specify the DNS server address. Ping Test: Verify and test IP connectivity. Trace Route: See each hop of the test route; only a subset of the remaining items will apply. Static only. Static only. The default is 255.255.255.0. Static only. Choose the type of IP test to run. Configure the test tab. VLAN Setup To add (turn On) VLAN tags, touch the corresponding VLAN button. • Up to three VLANS are available. • Enter the TPID, PPI, CFI, and VLAN ID for each VLAN; touch a button, then use the number pad to enter the data. See Tech: VLAN Tagging for technology information. IP Test Basics Select IP TEST as the test type from the menu, to perform an IP test. Select the IP Setup tab to configure the IP setup. Where do you want to go next? IP Testing Throughput Test Setup RFC2544 Applications Tech: IP Overview Home 113 XTT 5000 User's Manual Ping Setup Home Verify connectivity to the far end network. Parameter Options Details Ping Rate pings/s Frame Length 1-20 pings per second GigE, 100Base FX: 64-1550 bytes 10GigE: 683004 bytes 1-9999 pings, Continuous 1-256 hops Set the rate at which pings are sent. # Ping Packets Time to Live (TTL) Time Out 1-5 seconds Destinations 1-10 destinations Continuous On: Green when active. Off: Red when switched off after being active. Set the length of the ping frame. Set the number of pings the module will send during the test. Set the time to live. This places an effective maximum on the number of hops to the destination device. Set how long the XTT 5000 will wait for a response to a ping before timing out. Set the number of addresses pings will be sent to. A corresponding number of IP/URLs will become available. Sends pings continuously for the duration of the test. Destination IP/URL Selection Touch a button to configure a ping destination; the number corresponds to the 'Destinations' setting. For each ping destination, enter the DNS name/URL (e.g. www.pingme.org) or IP address (e.g. 123.123.123.23) on the number pad which pops up. on the number pad and returning to the Ping Setup screen, press After pressing 'Save' to save this address for future use. IP/URL Buttons Save Saves the current IP destination address(es) to a list for future use. Restore Select a previously saved IP address from a list. Keyboard On: When you click a Destination IP/URL button, it brings up a keyboard to type either number or letter. In this case you can enter URL: www.sunrisetelecom.com, or enter the IP address, such as 192.168.3.1 Off: Only a number pad appears for address entry; you can only enter numerical IP addresses, such as “192.168.3.1” 114 IP Ping Testing Ping Test Basics Select IP TEST as the test type from the menu, then select PING as the IP Test Type on the IP Setup tab, in order to send an ICMP echo message of "echo request" to another device. Select the Ping Setup tab to configure the IP setup. Where do you want to go next? IP Test Setup IP Testing Throughput Test Setup RFC2544 Applications Home 115 XTT 5000 User's Manual IP Summary Results Home The top left of the window displays test status: Elapsed Time: How long the test has been running. Remaining Time: How long remains in the scheduled test, or Continuous. Banner: A message summary banner of the status of the test. It reports any errors or alarms, along with a date and time stamp. Below the banner, view a list of logged events: received errors and/or alarms, e.g. Lost Frame, including a count of the number of errors, with a resolution of one second. The right side of the window shows more specific results. Status Even though the test set generates pings, there are circumstances which cause the pings not to be sent. For example, the port could lose link or be paused, preventing the transmission of the Ethernet frames in which the ping packets reside. In these situations, the number of pings sent will not be displayed to avoid confusion. Parameter Details TX Utilization TX Line Rate Transmitted bandwidth as a percentage of maximum traffic rate (minimum frame gap) Transmitted bit rate (in kbps, bps, etc.) of the Ethernet frames, ignoring the frame gap, preamble, and SAD. The data rate is always less than the line rate. Transmit data rate (in kbps, bps, etc.). This includes the frame headers but not the IPG or Preamble. Thus, the data rate reflects both the frame rate and frame size. Received bandwidth as a percentage of maximum traffic rate (minimum frame gap). Received bit rate, based on the current utilization (in kbps, bps, etc.). Received bit rate of the Ethernet frames, ignoring the frame gap, preamble, and SAD. The data rate is always less than the line rate (in kbps, bps, etc.). TX Data Rate RX Utilization RX Line Rate RX Data Rate Press on the Action Bar to start a test. Where do you want to go next? Ping Trace Route Results Ping Test Results IP Test Setup IP Testing Throughput Test Setup RFC2544 Applications Home 116 IP Ping Testing IP Aggregate Results Home View information on received errors, and presents frame statistics. The top line of the results tables shows you the port number and the type of test the statistics are for (e.g: PING or TRACEROUTE). Both the specific count of the error and the average rate at which the error was received may be displayed for each type of error. Frame statistics are shown for both the transmit direction and the receive direction, as appropriate. For both the Transmit and Receive directions, view the Total number of frames transmitted/received, and the Current, Minimum, Maximum and Average Frame Rates, as well as the Current, Minimum, Maximum and Average Data Rate. Results are aggregate totals since the beginning of the test, for all test streams and live traffic. Statistic Details Total Frames Total Bytes Frame Rate Number of received/transmitted frames. Number of received/transmitted bytes. Transmitted and received frames per second. Frame Rate Current: Current rate at which frames are being TX and RX at Frame Rate Average: Average transmitted and received frames per second over the duration of the test. Frame Rate Minimum: Minimum TX and RX frames per second since the beginning of the test. Frame Rate Maximum: Maximum TX and RX frames per second since the beginning of the test. Percentage of bandwidth in use: Current, Maximum, Minimum, and Average usages. Transmitted bit rate, based on the current utilization. Transmitted bit rate of the Ethernet frames, ignoring the frame gap, preamble, and SFD. The data rate is always less than the line rate. Number of undersized/fragmented frames with a length of less than 64 bytes. Some VLAN and MPLS frames may be undersized even if they fall within standard Ethernet frame sizes. For example, a 64-byte frame with VLAN is too short—the length must be at least 68 bytes. • For Unframed tests, only Bit Errors are reported. Count of frames with a length of 64 bytes. Count of frames with a length of 65-127 bytes. Count of frames with a length of 128-255 bytes. Utilization Line Rate Data Rate Frame Size Under 64 Bytes FS 64 bytes FS 65-127 FS 128-255 bytes FS 256-511 FS 512-1023 FS 10241518 FS Over 1518 Test Frames Count of frames with a length of 256-511 bytes. Count of frames with a length of 512-1023 bytes. Count of frames with a length of 1024-1518 bytes. Count of jumbo frames with a length of 1519 or more bytes. View statistics on frames matching the stream table. 117 XTT 5000 User's Manual Non Test Frames Unicast Multicast Broadcast Test Frames Invalid MAC Frames: Good Frames Error Frames Total VLAN Frames Single Tag 118 Frame Rate Current (fps):Current rate at which frames are being transmitted and received at this second. Frame Rate Average (fps): Average transmitted and received frames per second over the duration of the test. Utilization Current (fps):Current percentage of bandwidth in use. Utilization Average (fps):Average Percentage of bandwidth in use. Number of received frames that do not match the ports Stream Table, such as live traffic. Multicast and broadcast frames are reported as non-test frames. Frame Rate Current (fps):Current rate at which non-test frames are being transmitted and received at this second. Frame Rate Average (fps): Average transmitted and received non-test frames per second over the duration of the test. Utilization Current (fps):Current percentage of non-test bandwidth in use. Utilization Average (fps):Average Percentage of non-test bandwidth in use. Number of Layer 2 unicast frames transmitted and received. View the Current and Average Unicast Test Frame rates, and the Current and Average unicast bandwidth utilization. Number of Layer 2 multicast frames transmitted and received. Multicast Test Frame rates, and the Current and Average multicast bandwidth utilization. Number of broadcast frames transmitted and received. A broadcast frame is a frame that is intended for all of the devices on the network, the destination MAC address is set to 'FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF’. View Broadcast Test Frame rates and the Current and Average multicast bandwidth utilization statistics. Number of MAC frames which don't match the Stream Table. View Invalid MAC Frames Current and Average Frame rates, and the Current and Average Invalid MAC Frames bandwidth utilization statistics Number of frames which match the Stream Table. View Good Frames Current and Average Frame rates, and the Current and Average Good Frames bandwidth utilization statistics. Number of frames containing errors. View Error Frames Current and Average Frame rates, and the Current and Average Error Frames bandwidth utilization statistics. Number of frames containing VLAN tags. View Total VLAN Frames Current and Average Frame rates, and the Current and Average Total VLAN Frames bandwidth utilization statistics. Number of frames containing exactly one VLAN tag. IP Ping Testing VLAN Frames Multi-Tagged VLAN Frames MPLS Frames IPv4 Frames TCP Frames UDP Frames Pause Frames Frame Gap Service Disruption Events Latency Min/Max/Avg LOS LOSS LOSync FCS/CRC View Single Tag VLAN Frames Current and Average Frame rates, and Current and Average Single Tag VLAN Frames bandwidth utilization statistics. Number of frames containing exactly more than one VLAN tag. View Multi-Tagged VLAN Frames Current and Average Frame rates, and the Current and Average Multi-Tagged VLAN Frames bandwidth utilization statistics. Number of frames containing MPLS labels. View MPLS Frames Current and Average Frame rates, and the Current and Average MPLS Frames bandwidth utilization statistics. Number of frames containing version 4 IP. View: IPv4 Frames Current and Average Frame rates IPv4 Current and Average IPv4 Frames bandwidth utilization statistics. IPv4 Multicast Current and Average Frame Rates, as well as Current and Average utilization rates. IPv4 Broadcast Current and Average Frame Rates, as well as Current and Average utilization rates. Number of frames containing TCP. View TCP Frames Current and Average Frame rates, and the Current and Average TCP Frames bandwidth utilization statistics. Number of frames containing TCP. View UDP Frames Current and Average Frame rates, and the Current and Average UDP Frames bandwidth utilization statistics Count of received pause frames. View the Minimum, Maximum, and Average frame gap. The minimum IPG is 12 bytes or 96 bit times. Count of received service disruptions. Service Disruption Duration: The longest packet interval detected during the measurement is displayed in microseconds. Service Disruption Min/Max/Avg: Minimum, Maximum, and Average disruptions. Measures the time it takes for each test frame to pass through the device under test. Sunrise Tagging required. View Minimum, Maximum, and Average statistics. These measurements assume a loopback at the far end. If you have two units back to back, the latency results will be erroneous. Count of the number of times signal has been lost (LOS). Count of seconds of loss of signal: Minimum, Maximum, Current and Average. Count of the number of times synchronization has been lost View the Seconds and Min, Max, Current, and Average counts of LOSync. Count of frames containing FCS/CRC error codes. 119 XTT 5000 User's Manual Error IP Checksum Error UDP Checksum Error Lost SN Error Out of Sequence Error Duplicate SN Error FCS/CRC Error Current and Average Frame rates, and the Current and Average FCS/CRC Error bandwidth utilization statistics. Count of frames containing IP Checksum error codes. IP Checksum Error Current and Average Frame rates, and the Current and Average IP Checksum Error bandwidth utilization statistics. Count of frames containing UDP Checksum error codes. UDP Checksum Error Current and Average Frame rates, and the Current and Average UDP Checksum Error bandwidth utilization statistics. Count of frames with no sequence number. Lost SN Error Current and Average Frame rates, and the Current and Average Lost SN Error bandwidth utilization statistics Count of frames received out of sequence. Out of Sequence Error Current and Average Frame rates, and the Current and Average Out of Sequence Error bandwidth utilization statistics. Count of frames with duplicated sequence numbers. Duplicate SN Error Current and Average Frame rates, and the Current and Average Out of Duplicate SN Error bandwidth utilization statistics. Where do you want to go next? IP Test Setup Ping Trace Route Results Ping Test Results IP Testing Throughput Test Setup RFC2544 Applications Home 120 IP Ping Testing Ping Test Results Home Status Ping test messages appear in this field. The number of Pings Sent is reported in the Status Bar, as is the number of Pings Remaining to be sent. Even though the test set generates pings, there are circumstances which cause the pings not to be sent. For example, the port could lose link or be paused, preventing the transmission of the Ethernet frames in which the ping packets reside. In these situations, the number of pings sent will not be displayed to avoid confusion. Ping Results View the overall Ping Test results. Statistic Meaning IP Address Sent Received Lost Unreachable Timeout Round Trip Delay (ms) IP address the pings were sent to. Number of transmitted pings. Number of correct echo responses received . Number echo responses missing. Number of echo responses with an 'unreach’ flag. Number of pings which timed out. Current: Current ping round trip delay. Average: Average of all round trip delay. Minimum: Maximum value of round trip delay. Maximum: Minimum value of round trip delay. Where do you want to go next? IP Test Setup IP Testing Ping Trace Route Results Throughput Test Setup RFC2544 Applications Home 121 XTT 5000 User's Manual Ping Trace Route Setup Home Parameter Options Details Maximum Hops Time Out 1-255 hops Enter the maximum number of hops allowed for the Trace Route. Determine how long the test set will wait for a response to a ping before timing out. Enter the IP address of the ping destination. • The number pad will appear for manual data entry. • Highlight a previously used address in the Destination IP Address List, then press '< Select' to move it to the 'Dest. IP/URL' button. 1-5 seconds Destination IP/URL Trace Route Basics Select IP TEST as the test type from the menu, then select TRACEROUTE as the IP Test Type on the IP Setup tab, in order to perform a ping trace route test. Select the Traceroute Setup tab to configure the test setup. Where do you want to go next? IP Test Setup IP Testing IP Summary Results Trace Route Results IP Aggregate Results Throughput Test Setup RFC2544 Applications Home 122 IP Ping Testing Ping Trace Route Results Home The Trace Route results window displays: • the sequence of hops • the time between hops, between the test port and the destination address. Select Trace Route as the Ping Test Type and press 'Start' to access this results window. Where do you want to go next? IP Test Setup IP Testing IP Summary Results Ping Trace Route Setup Throughput Test Setup RFC2544 Applications Home 123 XTT 5000 User's Manual Ping Echo Log Home Get details on the transmitted pings and received ping echoes. Observe the following for each ping response: • Source addresses • Destination address • PING size in bytes • PING round-trip time, in microseconds • TTL of the inbound packet The details are for reference only. Only one line is displayed per second, even if the ping rate is higher. Where do you want to go next? Ping Trace Route Results Ping Test Results IP Test Setup IP Testing Throughput Test Setup Home 124 IP Ping Testing Aggregate Results Home View information on errors received, and frame statistics, for a Throughput, Monitor, Ping, or RFC2544 test. • For the following test frame types, view the frame count or Current frame rate (frames per seconds, the Average frame rate (fps) at which the error was received, and possibly the Utilization rates (percentage of bandwidth). Counts and rates may show for the Transmit and/or Receive directions. • Not all statistics will show for all ports or setups. • In Live and Monitor Test Modes, only Receive Statistics appear. • For information about frame component usage, see the Ethernet Technology Overview. Total Frames Total Bytes Frame Rate Current/Average/ (fps) Frame Rate Minimum/Maximum (fps) Line Rate Data Rate Utilization Current (%) Frame Sizes Bit Error Service Disruption Non Test Traffic Pause Frames FCS/CRC Errors Unicast Multicast Number of received/transmitted frames. Number of received/transmitted bytes. Current rate at which frames are being transmitted and received at this second. Minimum or maximum transmitted and received frames per second since the beginning of the test. Transmitted and Received data rates. Transmit data rate (in kbps, bps, etc.). The data rate includes the frame headers but not the IPG or Preamble. Thus, the data rate reflects both the frame rate and frame size. Percentage of current/average/Minimum/Maximum bandwidth in use. Count of frames of each size: Under 64 Bytes/64 Bytes/65-127/128-255/256-511/512-10234/ 10241518/ Over 1518 Bytes (aka jumbo frames). Undersized Frames Tip Count of the number of bit errors since the beginning of the test. Packet interval (ms) detected during the measurement. This is a very precise disruption measurement. Number of received frames that do not match the ports Stream Table, such as live traffic. Multicast and broadcast frames are reported as non-test frames. Consult the Stream Table. Count of received pause frames. Frame Check Sequence or Cyclic Redundancy Check errors. Count of Layer 2 Unicast frames transmitted and received. Count of Layer 2 multicast frames transmitted and received. 125 XTT 5000 User's Manual Test Frames Non Test Frames Unicast Test Frames Broadcast Test Frames Keep Alive Mac Frames Invalid Mac Frames Good Frames Error Frames Frame Rate Current (fps) Total VLAN Frames Single-Tagged VLAN Frames Multi-Tagged VLAN Frames MPLS Frames IPv4 Frames Frame Rate Unicast IPv4 Frames Multicast IPv4 Frames Broadcast IPv4 Frame IPv6 Frames Unicast IPv6 Frames Multicast IPv6 Frames TCP Frames UDP Frames Pause Frames Frame Gap Avg Service Disruption Events Latency LOS LOSync IP Checksum Error 126 Count of Frames which match the Stream Table. Count of Frames that do not match the ports Stream table, such as live traffic. Multicast and broadcast frames are reported as non-test frames. Consult the Stream Table. Count of unicast test frames. A broadcast frame is a frame that is intended for all of the devices on the network, the destination MAC address is set to ‘FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF’. Count of frames with MAC Keep Alive frames. Count of frames with invalid MAC addresses. Count of unerrored frames. Count of errored frames. Number of frames currently received per second. Frames containing VLAN tags. Frames containing one VLAN tag. Frames containing more than one VLAN tag. Frames containing MPLS tags. IP version 4 frames. Unicast IP version 4 frames. Multicast IP version 4 frames. Broadcast IP version 4 frames. IP version 6 frames. Unicast IP version 6 frames. Multicast IP version 6 frames. Frames containing Layer 4 Transmission Control Protocol. Frames containing Layer 4 User Datagram Protocol. Pause flow control frames. IPG/IFG delay between successive frames. Average duration of packet intervals. Latency measurement. Loss of Signal (Seconds). Loss of Synchronization; count of Events, Aggregate totals, Minimum/Maximum/Current/Average Number of IP checksum errors received. IP Ping Testing TCP Checksum Error UDP Checksum Error Lost SN Error Out of Sequence Error: Number of TCP checksum errors received. Number of UDP checksum errors received. Frames where the Sequence Number was lost Frames which arrive out of numerical sequence. Where would you like to go next? Throughput Applications Ethernet Frame Type Throughput Summary Results Throughput Aggregate Results Throughput Stream Results Throughput Test Setup Home 127 XTT 5000 User's Manual Ping Test Results Home Status Ping test messages appear in this field. The number of Pings Sent is reported in the Status Bar, as is the number of Pings Remaining to be sent. Even though the test set generates pings, there are circumstances which cause the pings not to be sent. For example, the port could lose link or be paused, preventing the transmission of the Ethernet frames in which the ping packets reside. In these situations, the number of pings sent will not be displayed to avoid confusion. Ping Results View the overall Ping Test results. Statistic Meaning IP Address Sent Received Lost Unreachable Timeout Round Trip Delay (ms) IP address the pings were sent to. Number of transmitted pings. Number of correct echo responses received . Number echo responses missing. Number of echo responses with an 'unreach’ flag. Number of pings which timed out. Current: Current ping round trip delay. Average: Average of all round trip delay. Minimum: Maximum value of round trip delay. Maximum: Minimum value of round trip delay. Where do you want to go next? IP Test Setup IP Testing Ping Trace Route Results Throughput Test Setup RFC2544 Applications Home 128 Loopback Features Loopback Test Setup Home Select LOOP BACK from the drop down Menu. XTT 5000 can Control a loopback or act as a loopback responder. To send loopback commands in a test, press the 'Loop Control' ( Action Bar. See the application diagram. ) button in the Loopback Test Tab Layer Notes Loopback Test Tab Type: Select the loopback function; Manual, Responder Manual: Send a loop up/down command to a Sunrise Telecom Ethernet tester, such as another XTT 5000 module or a SunSet MTT -28 or -29 module. See Loop Control. Respond: XTT 5000 respond to loopbacks. See Loopback Responder. Layer: Select the test layer format for the loop up and loop down frames; Layer 1, Layer 2/3. Scroll down for Layer Notes. VLAN/MAC/IP:To enable an address (MAC, IP, or Gateway) or tag id (such as a VLAN TPID tag), touch the top tag button to turn it on (it turns green), then touch a lower parameter button (e.g. TPID), then use the pop up number pad to enter the address or tag data. • The Source addresses are those used by the test port sending the command. • The Destination addresses must match the MAC and IP addresses of the port or unit to be looped. • An IP Destination may need to be entered even for a Layer 2 loopback. A Gateway is required if you the device to be looped is outside the local subnetwork. • The addresses in this window do not necessarily correspond to those in the Stream Table. To use VLAN tags, touch the VLAN-1, VLAN-2, and of VLAN-3, buttons to select up to three VLAN tags. Configure the VLAN TIPD, PRI, CFI, and ID as necessary. Layer Notes • • Layer 1: The test set can transmit a Layer 1 loop up or loop down command to a remote test set configured as a responder. Upon receiving the Layer 1 loop up command, the remote test set will retransmit the incoming frames without modifying them. Layer 2/3: The test set can transmit a Layer 2 or Layer 3 loop up or loop down command to a remote test set configured as a responder. Upon receiving the Layer 2/3 loop up command, the remote test set will retransmit the incoming frames and swap the source and destination MAC address fields, adding IP addresses for Layer 3 Layer 3 loopback can only be used in a network where the source and destination IP addresses are located in the same network (direct routing). It will not function through a gateway. 129 XTT 5000 User's Manual Sunrise Telecom STT and MTT Ports Note Press 'Loopback Control' to bring up the Loopback Control pop up to send loopback commands in a Throughput or RFC2544 Test Mode, as configured in this Loopback window. Making changes one of these windows affects the other. Where do you want to go from here? Loopback Responder Loop Control Throughput Test Setup Throughput Summary Results Home 130 Loopback Features Loopback Diagram Home Loopback Mode Diagram Where do you want to go next? Loopback Test Setup Home 131 XTT 5000 User's Manual Loopback Ports Note Home Different ports on the Sunrise Telecom XTT, STT and MTT behave differently in Loopback mode, based on the type of MAC frame received. Frame STT FE STT GE STT 10GE MTT-28/-29 MAC Yes Yes Yes Yes Unicast Yes No No No Multicast Yes Yes No No Broadcast Yes Yes No No Keepalive* Yes Yes No No Yes: The frame will be looped back. No: The frame will not be looped back *Identical Source and Destination addresses Loopback Mode and MAC Frames Where do you want to go next? Loopback Test Setup Home 132 Loopback Features Loop Control Home To perform loopback testing, touch the Menu button and select LOOP BACK as the test type, or press the 'Loop Control' ( ) button in the Action Bar to access the Loopback Control screen, in a BER test or RFC2544 test. The commands are sent as configured here, on the Control tab. See Loopback Test Setup for details on using the loopback test mode. When the test has started, the Summary and Aggregate results windows appears. XTT 5000 can loop-up and loop-down Sunrise Telecom Ethernet testers, using the standard Sunrise Telecom loop commands. XTT 5000 reports if the loop-up or loop-down was successful. • The loop-up command indicates the layer:1, or 2/3. • The loopback command contains the MAC and IP address of the test set to be looped, as appropriate. Ethernet Settings Layer: Select the format for the loop up and loop down frames. This selection determines which of the remaining items need to be configured. Option: Layer 1, Layer 2/3 • Layer 1: The test set will transmit a Layer 1 loop up or loop down command to a remote test set configured as a responder. Upon receiving the Layer 1 loop up command, the remote test set will retransmit the incoming frames without modifying them. • Layer 2/3: The test set will transmit a Layer 3 loop up or loop down command to a remote test set configured as a responder. Upon receiving the Layer 2/3 loop up command, the remote test set will swap the MAC/IP addresses, and loop the frame if it is not destined for that specific test port. Parameter Details MAC/IP Source MAC/IP Destination The Source addresses are those used by the test port sending the command. The Destination addresses must match the MAC and IP addresses of the port or unit to be looped. Gateway VLAN An IP Destination may need to be entered even for a Layer 2 loopback Required if the device to be looped is outside the local subnetwork. For a Layer 2/3 loopback, touch VLAN-1/-2/-3 to turn the VLAN tag on. Next, enter the VLAN Priority level (UPI), CFI and ID information. Start Loopback Control Press ‘Apply’ to confirm the settings. Press ‘Loop Up’ or ‘Loop Down’ to send the indicated command from the Control tab. The field to the left reports on the status of the loop. Possible Status Messages 133 XTT 5000 User's Manual You may see these for each test layer: • Waiting for response.... • Timeout • Loopup Successful! • Loopdown Successful! Where do you want to go next? Loopback Test Setup IP Test Setup IP Testing Throughput Test Setup RFC2544 Applications Working Desktop Home 134 Loopback Features Loopback Responder Home To perform loopback testing, touch the Menu button and select LOOP BACK as the test type. To have XTT 5000 respond to loopbacks, configure the Loopback Test Setup tab, setting Responder as the Type. XTT 5000 will enact a Layer 1, Layer 2, or Layer 3 loopback as instructed in the command. Use caution when using loopback mode, because some network equipment may not allow the loopback of some frames. It can cause such equipment to shut down the port. • • • • • • • • • The graphic on the Signal window shows how Loopback mode works. In Loopback mode, a red 'LB' status banner appears in the Status Bar, reporting status such as "LB Running” or "LB Waiting.” The test set will only respond to those loop commands addressed to it. In this mode the layer is NOT selected. . Once XTT 5000 will not respond to any loop commands until you press the test has started, XTT 5000 will go into a waiting for loopback command state. A screen message informs you that the test set is in the waiting for loopback command state. The test set's MAC and IP address appear, as appropriate. Once XTT 5000 receives a loop-up command from the received traffic, it will begin looping back frames based on the layer indicated in the loop command frame: Layer 1, Layer 2, or Layer 3. A screen message appears, informing you that the test set is in an active loopback state. When XTT 5000 receives a loop-down command from the received traffic, it will cease looping back frames and re-enter the waiting for loopback command state. Once you stop the test, XTT 5000 will return to the waiting for loopback command state. Where do you want to go next? Loopback Test Setup Loop Control IP Test Setup IP Testing Throughput Test Setup RFC2544 Applications Home 135 Monitor Monitor Applications Home Monitor Test Mode can be used in either of the following two configurations. • Pass Through mode: the test set is inserted between two devices, to monitor the frames in both directions. Pass Through Monitor Mode Connection • Splitter mode: the test set is inserted between two devices using splitters. In this mode you can insert and remove the test set without interrupting the traffic. Splitter Monitor Mode Where do you want to go next? Monitor Setup Summary Results Home 137 XTT 5000 User's Manual Monitor Setup Home To monitor traffic, select MONITOR as the test type on the menu, then configure the Monitor Setup tab. Monitor results statistics appear for the receive side only. Touch the two ports you want to connect; one to receive on (Rx), one to transmit on (Tx). • 10GE loops back the traffic to itself, for you to monitor. • Port 2 can send traffic to Port 3 for Fiber and Copper. Press then on the Action Bar to begin monitoring. See the applications diagram. You can only view one port (the active one) at a time. Starting monitor on two ports starts the measurement on both ports 2 and 3. When you press 'Stop', data for the active port (for example, Port 2) is saved. However, this data also includes results for the other port (Port 3). Connect two ports Where do you want to go next? Monitor Applications Summary Results Aggregate Results Working Desktop Home 138 Save Features Save Features Home Press the 'Saved Results' icon ( results. Press ) at the bottom of the screen to access saved to save a test profile. Test Profiles • Press 'Save' to save the current test configuration as a file which you may later Load. Profiles Window; Setup Tab Highlight a saved window: 'Save' 'View' 'Load' 'Delete'/'Delete All' 'Rename' file to perform an action, via the buttons at the bottom of the Save the current test profile. Open a saved profile to review it. Load the highlighted profile. Delete the highlighted profile, or all saved profiles. Rename the highlighted file, using the soft keyboard which appears. 'Copy' Save a copy of the file under a new name. 'Load Default' Load the factory default profile. Use 'Page Up' and 'Page Down' to scroll through the saved results. Setup Files Buttons Profiles Window; File Usage Tab View the number of files saved, and the percentage of memory used, for Setup and Results files. Save a File • • • • • When a test has concluded, a window will pop up asking if you would like to save the measurement. Press 'Yes.' Test results are saved automatically at the end of a test, unless you have chosen otherwise on the Measurement Setup screen. To know how much storage space is left, look at the File Usage tab. It reports on both Setup (Profiles) and Saved Results. It will prompt you when the user storage is within 5% of full. Delete old results to make space. In the event of a controlled power failure, such as a low battery, XTT 5000 will automatically save the current measurement. XTT 5000 will save results during a test such that an abnormal power failure will result in minimal loss of data. Results Files Window; Results Tab 139 XTT 5000 User's Manual For each saved file, view the Test Mode (eg Throughput or RFC2544), file size (eg 30 kb), and date the record was saved. Highlight a saved file to perform an action, via the buttons at the bottom of the window: 'View' Open a saved file. 'Delete'/'Delete Delete the highlighted file, or all saved files All' 'Rename' Rename the highlighted file, using the soft keyboard which appears. 'Copy' Save a copy of the file under a new name. 'Report' Generate a report; enter Trouble Ticket data on the Data Entry Tab, and view the test setup on the Report Setup tab. Use 'Page Up' and 'Page Down' to scroll through the saved results. Results Files Buttons Open a Saved Results File Press 'Saved Results' ( window. ) in the Action Bar, then press 'View' on the Results File Export a Results Report to Use in a Database To use test results in a program such as Excel©, export them in the .csv format. 1. Select 'Generate Report'. 2. On the Report Results window, select the Report Setup tab. 3. Choose CSV File: On. 4. Choose PDF File: Off 5. Select the Reports (turn them On) you need. 6. Press 'Create Report' at the bottom of the screen. Exported test results include all measurement data and the test configuration. Generate a Report to View Offline XTT 5000 can create PDF reports, which you can use anywhere. 1. Press 'Saved Results', select the file name on the Results File window, then press 'Generate Report' at the bottom of the screen. 2. On the Report Results window, select the Report Setup tab. 3. Choose CSV File: Off. 4. Choose PDF File: On 5. Select the Reports (turn them On) you need. 6. Press 'Create Report' at the bottom of the screen. Reports include: • Measurement data and test configuration • Measurement graphs • User information • Trouble Ticket information • Comments Where do you want to go next? The Working Desktop Meas. Setup: Configure measurement parameters Throughput Test Setup 140 Save Features RFC2544/NE Applications IP Test Setup Monitor Setup Loopback Test Setup Home 141 Error Injection Home Error injection is used to insert defects into the traffic generated by the test module, in the Throughput test mode. To configure error injection, press the error injection button when it's available on the Action Bar. To inject an error, you must first start the measurement and transmit traffic. Error Type: Select the type of error to inject, which depends on the type of test. Details. Default Errors: 231-1, 223-1, 220-1, 215-1, 1111, 0000, 1010, 1100 CJPAT, CRPAT, User 32, User 1024 User 32: 32 bits pattern data. User 1024: 1024 bits pattern data. It doesn’t support increment pattern. Payload length is 1000 bytes. A User pattern is filled with every four bytes with same data. The User 1024 pattern is filled every 128 bytes. Layer Default Errors Layer 1 Unframed PRBS + FCS Layer 2 & above Bit SN (Sequence Number)* IP TCP UDP FCS/CRC, BIT FCS/CRC, BIT Lost IP TCP UDP Frame, Checksum Checksum Checksum Out-ofSequence, Duplicate Sequence Number *To inject Sequence Errors: 1. Turn Broadcast Error Off; 2. Press Error Type; 3. Select a Sequence error. Note: You may turn Broadcast Error back On. Error Availability Mode: Select the error injection method. Options: Single, Burst, Rate, Bit/sec - Details Broadcast Error: Inject errors on all streams; On is the default. • For 10G, press On to inject errors On all streams. • To inject errors on only one stream, press the button to Off, and touch the stream number on the pad which appears to transmit on. Pattern Inversion: When enabled, the XTT 5000 will transmit the selected test pattern inverted. This is indicated by INV on the 'TX Pattern’ button. Error Type Details Error Details FCS/CRC Bit Error Frame Check Sequence/Cyclic Redundancy Check error. Bit error in the frame payload/pattern. Pattern bit errors are inserted before the FCS/CRC is calculated, and therefore do not cause an FCS/CRC error, or cause the frame to be dropped. 143 XTT 5000 User's Manual Code Disparity IP Checksum Lost Frame Duplicate Packet Out of Sequence 8B/10B encoding error. Running disparity error. IP Checksum error. The transmitted sequence number will skip a value, causing a lost frame to be detected at the far end. Requires a Sunrise Tag be enabled the Stream table Payload tab. The transmitted sequence number will be duplicated once, causing a duplicate or misinserted packet defect at the far end. Requires Sequence Number enabled on the Ethernet Layer Selection window. The transmitted sequence number will transpose two values, causing an out of sequence defect at the far end. Requires a Sunrise Tag be enabled on the Ethernet Layer Error Mode Details • • • • Single: Inject an individual error. Burst: Inject a set number of errors with each press of the ‘Send’ or ‘Error Inject’ button. In the Burst field, enter the number of errors you wish to inject in a burst when the Send’ button is pressed. Send a burst of up to 254 errors for Ethernet. Rate: Inject errors continuously at a specified rate between 1e-3 and 9e-9. Enter the constant rate at which you wish to inject errors. A red ‘ERR-INJ’ banner appears when errors are being injected. Note: Remember to press the ‘Stop’ button when you have been injecting errors at a rate, and want to stop. Bit/sec: Injects the specified number of errors each second, up to 64,000. Where do you want to go next? Working Desktop Home 144 Technology Overview Technology: Ethernet Overview Home Once the primary delivery mechanism for data across a LAN, the utilization of Ethernet has expanded to MAN and WAN to challenge traditional TDM-based technologies such as T-Carrier, PDH, and SONET/SDH. Its superior cost performance, proven ability to carry packet-based data, and easy integration into a LAN environment make it a preferred solution to ATM, Token Ring, and Frame Relay for delivering IP-based services such as VoIP and IPTV as well as traditional data and internet traffic. Ethernet interface rates today span from 10 Mbps up to 10 Gbps. Typically, Ethernet is carried over UTP (unshielded twisted pair) or fiber optic cable (single-mode or multi-mode, depending on wavelength), but other options exist, including thin coaxial cable. The original Ethernet standard was for 10M and 100M is referred to as Fast Ethernet. Most copper Ethernet ports support both 10M and 100M (and even 1000M in some cases) and they are usually referred to as 10/100M ports or 10/100BASE-T. 10G LAN has a line rate of 10 Gbps. 10G WAN encapsulates Ethernet traffic into an OC-192c/STM-64c frame has thus has a line rate of 9.953 Gbps. Ethernet Standards Ethernet Frames Frame Size Efficiency Frame Size Details VLAN Tagging MAC Addresses MPLS Unicast/Multicast Testing Note IPG Where do you want to go next? Home 145 XTT 5000 User's Manual Technology: Standards Home IEEE Standards Request For Comments Metro Ethernet Forum Ethernet is controlled by the IEEE 802.3 body of standards, but its historical development has also lead to deviations, such as the DIX Ethernet (also known as Ethernet II), as well as vendor-specific implementations (such as 1000BASE-LH for long-haul Ethernet). Except where noted, the following refers to IEEE standards. IEEE Standards The following 802 standards are available for free download from the IEEE website at http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/index.html • IEEE 802®: Overview & Architecture • IEEE 802.1™ Bridging & Management • IEEE 802.2™: Logical Link Control • IEEE 802.3™: CSMA/CD Access Method • IEEE 802.5™: Token Ring Access Method • IEEE 802.11™: Wireless • IEEE 802.15™: Wireless Personal Area Networks • IEEE 802.16™: Broadband Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks • IEEE 802.17™. Resilient Packet Rings IEEE Registration Authority has a number of public listings available at http://standards.ieee.org/regauth/publiclistings.html • OUI (Organizationally Unique Identifier) Public Listing • IAB (Individual Address Block) Public Listing • OUI-36 Public Listing • EtherType Field Public Listing • Manufacturer ID Public Listing • LLC (Logical Link Control) Public Listing • Standard Group MAC Address Public Listing • URN (Unique Registration Numbers) Public Listing • IEEE 802.16 Operator ID Requests for Comments (RFC) Documents RFC documents are a series of memoranda on internet technologies, techniques, and innovations. Organized through the Internet Society, RFCs are the best resource for technical information on these technologies and protocols. Some RFCs become internet standards through the IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force). All RFCs are available for free online at the RFC Editor: http://www.rfceditor.org/rfc.html, but most can be found easily simply by typing the RFC number (such as ”RFC 791”) into a web browser. The most common RFCs for Ethernet services testing are: • RFC 768: User Datagram Protocol • RFC 793: Transmission Control Protocol • RFC 791: Internet Protocol • RFC 792: Internet Control Message Protocol • RFC 826: Ethernet Address Resolution Protocol • RFC 2544: Benchmarking Methodology for Network Interconnect Devices • RFC 2889: Benchmarking Methodology for LAN Switching Devices class uses the label to determine the per hop behavior of the class. 146 Technology Overview Metro Ethernet Forum (MEF) The Metro Ethernet Forum is an industry alliance which develops technical specifications for carrier Ethernet worldwide. Over a dozen specifications are online at www.metroethernetforum.org. Where do you want to go next? Ethernet Overview Home 147 XTT 5000 User's Manual Technology: Ethernet Optical Line Encoding Home Before being transmitted across optical fiber, the bits of the Ethernet signal are converted using an encoding scheme known as 8B/10B encoding (for Gigabit Ethernet) or 64B/66B encoding (for 10 Gigabit Ethernet). A receiving device reverses the encoding, so that the encoding is completely transparent to the user. Encoding helps to ensure a balanced transmission of 1s and 0s in the signal which aids in DC balance and clock recovery. 8B/10B Encoding 8B/10B encoding takes each block of 8 bits and translated them into a code word that is 10 bits long. For a Gigabit Ethernet, this means the number of bits transmitted is actually 1.25 Gbps (1 Gbps x 10 bits / 8 bits). With 10 bits, there are 1024 unique code words for mapping 256 possible 8-bit data blocks. • Many code words are not used. • Some are reserved for link-level signaling. • In many cases, a single 8-bit block can be mapped into one of two code words that are bitwise inverts of each other. Code words are chosen in such a manner so as the number of 1s and 0s balance out in a process called running disparity. A violation of these rules is called a disparity error. Note: The 8 data bits are actually first broken into 5-bit and 3-bit blocks which are encoded separately into 6- and 4-bit code words, but for the purposes of this discussion, thinking of the encoding process as a single step of 8-bits to 10-bits is sufficient. 64B/66B Encoding 64B/66B encoding serves a similar function but uses a different method of mapping data bits into code words. The 64 data bits (8 bytes) are scrambled, and then a 2-bit synchronization header is added. For 10GE LAN, the physical line rate is actually 10.3125 Gbps (10G x 66 bits / 64 bits). For 10GE WAN, the encoding is done before the Ethernet payload is placed side the OC-192c/STM-64c payload envelope. Where do you want to go next? Ethernet Overview Home 148 Technology Overview Technology: Ethernet Frames Basic Ethernet Frame • • • • • • Preamble and SFD (Start Frame Delimiter). Preceding each frame is a preamble of 7 bytes and a 1-byte SFD. The preamble is a pattern of alternating 1s and 0s (10101010) for all 7 bytes. The SFD has a pattern of 10101011. The preamble allows devices to detect and synchronize to incoming Ethernet frames; the SFP marks the end of the preamble. For the purposes of calculating frame lengths, the 8 bytes of Preamble and SFP are not included. Ethernet frame: Consists of a MAC (Media Access Control ) header, followed by the frame payload, and ends with a FCS (Frame Check Sequence). MAC header: 14-bytes- consists of a 6-byte Destination Address, a 6-byte Source Address, and a 2-byte Ethertype field (see MAC Address Overview). Ethertype field: Used as a frame length indicator or as protocol indicator, depending on which Ethernet standard is being used. IEEE 802.2 uses the field to indicate the frame length (in hex). The DIX or Ethernet II standard uses the field to indicate the type of data being transmitted. In most IP-based applications, the Ethernet II standard is used and the field is set to an Ethertype of 0x0800 to indicate an IP version 4 payload. Ethertype values: http://standards.ieee.org/regauth/ethertype/eth.txt Payload Size: The minimum payload size is 46 bytes. Frames with fewer payload bytes are considered undersized. The minimum Ethernet frame size is 64 bytes. The maximum frame size is 1518 bytes. Frame sizes above 1518, called jumbo frames, are allowed by some systems, and are an effective means of increasing the efficiency of the network. The presence of VLAN tags changes the effective minimum and maximum frame sizes . FCS: A 4-byte CRC performed over the entire Ethernet frame. Sometimes the FCS is called the CRC field. To avoid confusion, it is sometimes written as the FCS/CRC field. When an Ethernet device receives a frame, it performs a CRC calculation and compares it to the frame’s FCS field. If they match, the frame is processed. If they do not match, the frame is discarded. Due to the limits of the errorchecking capabilities of a 4-byte CRC, the largest practical size for an Ethernet frame is roughly 12,000 bytes. 149 XTT 5000 User's Manual • Note: Because errored frames are discarded, performing a bit error test at the Ethernet layer is very different than for TDM networks. The presence of a bit error that does not also cause a CRC error is exceedingly rare. In the vast majority of cases, a bit error translates into a lost frame. For this reason, most Ethernet QoS (Quality of Service) standards use lost frames as its primary metric and do not rely on bit error or BER (Bit Error Ratio). MAC Addresses IPG Frame Size Efficiency VLAN Tagging MPLS Where do you want to go next? Ethernet Overview Optical Line Encoding Home 150 Technology Overview Technology: Frame Size Details Home 64 or 1518 bytes are used most often since these represent the normal minimum and maximum frame size allowed by the network. The standard frame sizes for Ethernet testing are 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024, 1280, and 1518 bytes. When testing RFC2544 with VLAN and/or MPLS tags, 64 bytes is no longer a proper frame length. With systems that support jumbo frames, such as 4096- or 9000- byte frames, these frame sizes should be tested as well. The XTT 5000 defaults to the frame size defined in RFC 2544, but allows you to set the frame size to any valid value. Test Layer Undersized Oversized FE GE Layer 1: FCS/CRC Layer 2: MAC L2 + VLAN Layer 3: MAC + IP L3 + VLAN N/A N/A 20—20480 20—65535 Under 64 Under 68 Under 64 Over 1518 Over 1522 Over 1518 38—20480 42—20480 58—20480 38—65535 42—65535 58—65535 Under 68 Over 1522 62—20480 62—65535 Table 10/100/1000M Ethernet Frame Length Options. Where do you want to go next? Stream - Frame -Setup Throughput Summary Results Throughput Aggregate Results Throughput Stream Results Home 151 XTT 5000 User's Manual Technology: Ethernet Frame Size and Efficiency Home Because each frame is followed by a frame gap and preamble, there is an inherent inefficiency built into Ethernet traffic. The percentage of bandwidth lost to the 20 bytes of IPG and preamble is lower for larger frames than smaller frames, as shown: Data size Overhead /frame Frames/sec. Total bits lost (oh) % of Bandwidth Lost 64 Bytes (512 bits) 128 Bytes (1024 bits) 512 Bytes (4096 bits) 1024 Bytes (8192 bits) 1518 Bytes (12144 bits) 160 bits 1,488,095 238,095,238 23% 160 bits 844,594 135,135,135 13% 160 bits 234,962 37,593,984 3.7% 160 bits 119,731 19,157,088 1.9% 160 bits 81,274 13,003,901 1.3% Frame Rates Frame Size Efficiency VLAN Tagging MPLS MAC Addresses IPG Where do you want to go next? Ethernet Frames Ethernet Overview Throughput Stream Results Home 152 Technology Overview Technology: Gaussian Frame Probability Home The probability that a given frame length will be sent is given the following function: Χ is the frame length, μ is the mean o r average, and σ is the standard deviation. The variance determines the width of the distribution (as measured at half its maximum value). In the XTT 5000, you specify the width (Width at 50%), which then sets the standard deviation of the distribution. Approximately two-thirds of the frames sent will be within one standard deviation of the mean. Where do you want to go next? Tech: Ethernet Overview Stream Frame Setup Home 153 XTT 5000 User's Manual Technology: Frame Interval Home Frame Interval: The time between the start of one frame and the start of the next frame. The frame interval increases as the frame size increases. However, as the effect of frame size is usually very small compared to the duration of traffic problems, the frame interval is useful for measuring service disruptions. Minimum Frame Interval Note Under normal network conditions, the smallest possible frame interval is for two 64byte frames with a minimum frame gap. This is: (64 + 20 bytes) x 8 bits / byte or 672 bit times. For Gigabit Ethernet, the bit time is 1.0 ns, making the minimum frame interval 672 ns over Gigabit Ethernet. Undersized frames or abnormally small frame gaps will reduce the frame interval further. Maximum Frame Interval Note This value is also used as the basis for the Service Disruption measurement. If there is a network disruption on the far side of a switch from the test set, the only indication of a problem will be an increase in the frame interval. Because these disruptions are on the order of tens of milliseconds, the minor variances in frame interval caused by shorter or longer frames is negligible. Where do you want to go next? Tech: Ethernet Frames Summary Results Aggregate Results Throughput Stream Results Working Desktop Home 154 Technology Overview Technology: Ethernet MAC Addresses Home The MAC addresses is six bytes, written in hexadecimal. • The first three bytes contain a vendor code, also known as the OUI (Organizationally Unique Identifier) or company_id. • The last three bytes contain a unique station ID. Vendor codes are assigned and administered by the IEEE. The OUI for Sunrise Telecom is 00-D0-DD. The station IDs are assigned by the manufacturers are often tied to the serial number of the device. Vendor codes: http://standards.ieee.org/regauth/oui/oui.txt MAC Address Format Unicast: Most Ethernet traffic is designated to travel from one station to another specific station. This is called unicast traffic. Broadcast Ethernet traffic is sent to all stations on the network; such frames are given a MAC destination of all-ones: FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF. Because broadcast traffic is very polluting, it should be avoided whenever possible. Multicast traffic is sent from one station, but is then directed to a group of stations. Multicasting is more efficient and more network-friendly than broadcasting. Typical applications for multicast traffic include IP video delivery and LAN protocols. Multicast traffic is designated by setting the first bit of the address to 1. Because the least significant bit is transmitted first, this means the last bit of the first byte is set to 1; in other words, the byte value is odd. The MAC vendor code used for IP multicast packets it typically 01-00-5E-xx-xx-xx, as specified by RFC 1112. Unicast/Multicast Testing Note IPG Frame Size Efficiency VLAN Tagging MPLS Where do you want to go next? Ethernet Frames Ethernet Overview Home 155 XTT 5000 User's Manual Technology: Ethernet IPG Home The gap of time between the end of one frame and the start of the preamble for the next frame is called the inter frame gap (IFG); the delay between successive frames. IFG. IFG Because most Ethernet traffic carries IP packets, the IFG is often called the IPG (Inter Packet Gap). In fact, the terms packet and frame tend to be used interchangeably by users even though they refer to very distinct entities. The minimum IFG is 12 bytes, or 96 bit-times. The minimum IFG thus depends on the interface rate, as follows: Interface Bit Time Minimum IFG 10M 100M 1G 10G 100.0 ns 10.0 ns 1.0 ns 0.1 ns 9.6 s 0.96 s 96.0 ns 9.6 ns Minimum IFG To improve efficiency, some network elements support frame gaps lower than 12 bytes, but the non-standard implementation is not wide-spread and not generally recommended. Frame Size Efficiency VLAN Tagging MPLS MAC Addresses Where do you want to go next? Ethernet Frames Ethernet Overview Home 156 Technology Overview Technology: Unicast/Multicast Testing Note Home Most Ethernet testing is performed with unicast traffic. One tester generates unicast frames that are received by the far end unit, which is either sending unicast traffic of its own or looping the frames by swapping the source and destination addresses. Furthermore, different test streams can be designated by their MAC addresses. When testing multicast services, some care must be taken. Loopback devices will not loop multicast (or broadcast) traffic. Also, the use of multicast MAC destination addresses may cause problems designating test traffic. As shown below, the MAC addresses sent by a tester do not match the MAC addressed received. Generated Received MAC Source MAC Destination 00-D0-DD-12-34-56 00-D0-DD-AB-CD-EF 01-00-5E-00-00-05 01-00-5E-00-00-06 Sample MAC Addresses Thus, when running this test, the test summary will show "NO BERT TRAFFIC" since the incoming traffic does not match that sent. Fortunately, all normal traffic statistics and measurements can be made, with the exception of bit errors and BER. Where do you want to go next? Ethernet Frames Ethernet MAC Addresses Tech: Multicast Frames Ethernet Overview Home 157 XTT 5000 User's Manual Technology: VLAN Tagging Home TPID VLAN Membership Stacked VLAN Tags A virtual LAN (or VLAN) is an independent logical LAN within a physical network. For example, with in a single enterprise LAN, different divisions may be grouped within their own VLANs. VLANs provide a secure means of sub-diving networks, control broadcast domains, and manage user access. VLANs are defined in the IEEE 802.1p and 802.1q standards. VLANs are designated by a VLAN tag that is added to the MAC frame after the MAC source address. The 4-byte tag consists of a 2-byte Tag Protocol Identifier (TPID) and 2-byte Tag Control Information (TCI). The TPID has a value of 0x8100. VLAN Tag Note: The TPID can actually be thought of as an Ethertype designation, identifying the payload as a VLAN. The original MAC frame’s Ethertype field is moved to the inside of the VLAN payload, following the TCI. The TCI contains the 12-bit VLAN identification, 3-bit priority field, and 1-bit canonical format indicator (CFI). The VLAN ID can have a value between 0 and 4095. However, values 0, 1, and 4095 are reserved and best avoided. The priority field allows the network administrator to assign a value from 0 to 7 based on the type of traffic. The CFI is always set to 0 for Ethernet traffic. See the VLAN User Priority table. VLAN Membership Ethernet traffic can be assigned VLAN memberships through several means: By Port: all traffic through a particular switch port is assigned the same VLAN. • Fast traffic forwarding 158 Technology Overview • Easy to maintain for network administrators • VLAN membership tied to geographic location By MAC address: Each MAC source address is assigned a specific VLAN ID. • Great flexibility • VLAN lookup tables require manual configuration by network administrators • MAC address lookup takes more processing time By Protocol: VLAN IDs are assigned based on IP address, or protocol used (such as AppleTalk). • Great flexibility • Protocol lookup takes more processing time By Authentication: VLAN IDs are assigned based on authentication credentials or the result of IEEE 802.1X authentication results. • Improved security • Ideal for wireless connectivity Stacked VLAN Tags IEEE 802.1ad amends 802.1q by providing a means to stack multiple VLAN tags for traffic management and bridging. This technique of placing one 802.1q tag inside another is often called ”r;Q-in-Q”. Stacked VLAN Tags Stacking VLAN tags is an efficient means of differentiating traffic through a network backbone, especially when then the user data may itself have VLAN tags. The outer tag, also known as the service tag or S-tag is distinguished from the customer tag, or C-tag. The TPID of the C-tag is usually 0x8100, as for normal VLAN traffic. The TPID of the S-Tag may have a proprietary value, depending on the implementation by the vendor. Each tag layer has its own priority setting. The priority of the outer tag allows the network provider to achieve the desired quality of service for the bridged traffic. VLAN and Frame Size Because the minimum payload size for an Ethernet frame is 46 bytes, the presence of the 4-byte VLAN TPID and TCI pushes the minimum frame size from 64 bytes to 68 bytes. Likewise, the largest, non-Jumbo frame size increases from 1518 to 1522 bytes. Stacked VLAN tags also increase the minimum and maximum frame sizes by 4 bytes per VLAN tag. 159 XTT 5000 User's Manual When a device receives a VLAN tagged frame that is only 64 bytes, and it must remove the VLAN tag and forward the Ethernet payload, it is left with a frame that is only 60 bytes long. At this point, the device may simply drop the frame. Some systems may add 4 bytes of filler at the end of the payload to create a legal 64-byte frame. MPLS MAC Addresses IPG Frame Size Efficiency Where do you want to go next? Ethernet Frames Ethernet Overview Home 160 Technology Overview Technology: VLAN User Priority Home The User Priority may affect the speed and efficiency with which the frame data will be transmitted through the Ethernet network. User Priority Traffic Type Best Effort Background Spare Excellent Effort Controlled Load Video < 100 ms latency and jitter Voice < 10 ms latency and jitter Network Control User Priority Table Where do you want to go next? Stream Table Setup Throughput Summary Results Throughput Aggregate Results Tech: Ethernet Overview Home 161 XTT 5000 User's Manual Technology: MPLS Home MultiProtocol Label Switching architecture provides a unified data-carrying service/simple routing for both circuit-based clients and packet-switching clients providing a datagram service model. • It allows voice, IP, ATM, Frame Relay and Ethernet services all to be carried on the same network. • It can be used with many types of framing, including Ethernet. • The Layer 3 label analysis is only just once, when the packet enters the MPLS domain. After that, labels are just inspected to continue packet forwarding. MPLS Structure The MPLS header contains a 'stack’ of one or more labels. A label has four fields: • 20-bit label value • 3-bit field for CoS priority (experimental) • 1-bit bottom of stack flag. If used, it signifies the current label is the last in the stack • 8-bit TTL (time to live) field; The Time to Live label will expire at the conclusion of this number of time-to-live hops. • The Experimental field can be used to distinguish classes of service, or per hop behavior, for differing classes of traffic traveling within the MPLS tunnel (AKA Label Switched Path - LSP). Alternatively, an LSP carrying a single traffic class uses the label to determine the per hop behavior of the class. Frame Size Efficiency VLAN Tagging MAC Addresses IPG Where do you want to go next? Ethernet Frames Ethernet Overview Throughput Stream Table Setup Throughput Summary Results Throughput Aggregate Results Throughput Stream Results Home 162 Technology Overview Technology: IP Overview Home TCP Routers Gateways ICMP and Ping DNS DHCP ARP IP Internet Protocol is the language computers on the Internet use to talk to one another. IP Packet To send a message using IP, the computer adds extra information, known as the IP header, in front of the message, creating an IP packet. The IP header contains the address of the computer meant to receive the message, as well as the address of the sender. It is like regular mail: the IP header is the envelope, with the recipient address and the sender addresses on it, and the message itself is inside. In this case the addresses are numbers, like "67.34.22.199". The IP packet is sent to the Internet, over Ethernet, DSL, or PPP. The computers that make up the Internet itself look at the destination address in the IP header, and forward the packet on, from one to another, until it gets to where it is going, just as the Post Office forwards envelopes from one sorting office to the next until it is finally sent out for delivery. TCP IP is unreliable: packets can get lost due to faults or overloads in the network. If a packet does get lost the sender has no way of knowing. TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is designed to fix this. Nearly everything that happens on the Internet – web browsing, e-mail, instant messaging, etc – uses TCP. TCP adds its own header to the message, saying how much data it has already sent and how much it has received from the other end. The combination of TCP header and the actual message is then wrapped in IP and sent to the network, hopefully to reach the addressed computer - usually after passing through many, many forwarding computers on the way. When the recipient computer receives the TCP message it sends an acknowledgment back. If the original sender sees that acknowledgment, then all is well: the next message can be sent. If the sender does not get an acknowledgment within a reasonable time, it sends the message again, repeating this until it knows the message has got through, or until it eventually gives up and assumes that the network is broken. In reality, TCP acknowledges many messages at a time, while simultaneously sending its own messages. For example, a TCP header might say "I have received all your messages up to number 97, and here is my message number 38". ICMP and Ping ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol), like TCP, uses IP to communicate from one computer to another. Unlike with TCP, these messages do not carry information of interest to users; instead they let the computers find out about one another. One important type of ICMP message is called echo request. When one computer wants to check that it can reach another, it sends it echo request ICMP packet, which asks ”r;are you there?” When the other end receives that, it sends back a reply, called an echo response, meaning ”yes, I am here”. This process is called a ping. By sending a series of pings it is possible to learn a lot about the state of the network. 163 XTT 5000 User's Manual If we send a series of echo requests and never get any echo replies, then something is broken: perhaps the network itself is down, or perhaps the computer we are trying to reach has lost its network connection. If we send a series of echo requests, but only get replies to some of them, then the network and remote computer are working, but not very well: some IP packets are getting lost. Even though TCP can compensate for lost packets, there is a limit to how much it can do – and every time a packet gets lost TCP has to send it again, making the overall network slower. As a rough guide, anything more than about 10% packet loss will break TCP, and anything more than 1% will tend to make it painfully slow. A well engineered network should have negligible packet loss. Each time we send an echo request, we can time how long it takes for the echo reply to come back. This can tell us something about the quality of the network connection. For example, if it takes a second for the reply to come back, then there is a long network delay which probably makes it unusable for some delay-sensitive applications, such as voice. Routers A router is a computer in the core of the network that forwards – routes – packets from one part of the network to another. It has multiple network interfaces, each connected to another router. Every time it receives a packet, a router looks at the destination IP address in the IP header, consults its internal tables to decide what to do with the packet, and then forwards it on, usually over a different network interface to a different router. The backbone of the Internet is made up of thousands of routers, working in collaboration to forward packets from one to another, until they reach their destination. Gateways A gateway is a router that provides access to the Internet for user computers; it connects dissimilar networks and passes information between them.. On one side it has one or more connections to network of routers that make up the internet. On the other side it connects to individual computers. In TCP/IP, the default gateway address is the address where the Internet protocol sends packets destined for remote networks, unless a different route is configured. Only used for static IP. There is no fundamental difference between what a gateway does and what a router does (and the terms are often used interchangeably). They both take in packets on one interface, and forward them out of another, according to the destination IP address. The difference is in their position in the network. Routers live inside the network, communicating with one another. Gateways live at the edge of the network, communicating between routers and individual users. DNS The DNS (Domain Name System) was created to handle the challenge of both remembering IP addresses and the fact that computer addresses may change over time. DNS runs on computers known as Name Servers. They have regularly updated tables of the names and IP addresses of all known computers on the Internet. When you type ”r;www.google.com” into the address bar of your web browser, the first thing that happens is that a DNS request is sent to one of the name servers saying ”r;what is the IP address of www.google.com?” The name server will reply 164 Technology Overview with the numerical IP address, such as 208.67.219.230. Your computer will then use that address in its IP packets to communicate with Google’s servers. DHCP DHCP (Dynamic Host Control Protocol) is the way a computer which is just joining the Internet can find its own IP address and other information, such as the IP addresses of the name server gateway to use. When the network software is starting up, it sends out a DHCP message in an IP message which has a special type of destination address called a Broadcast address. This will be received by all computers connected to the same network segment and one (or more) of them will reply, giving the IP address that should be used and other information. ARP The ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) allows a networked computer to search for a computer with a particular IP address. ARP is important on LANs, such as Ethernet, where there may be many computers attached to the network, but IP packets should only be sent to one of them. To find another computer, an ARP message is sent saying "who has IP address 192.168.1.2?” All of the computers on the network will see that message, but only the one with that IP address will respond, saying ”r;that’s me, at Ethernet address 12:34:56:78:9A:BC”. From then on, IP packets for 192.168.1.2 will be sent to Ethernet address 12:34:56:78:9A:BC, so that only that computer will see them: all the others on the network will filter out those packets. Where do you want to go next? IP Test Setup IP Testing Throughput Test Setup RFC2544 Applications Home 165 Glossary 0000: Industry-standard all zeros test pattern. 100BaseFx: Fast Ethernet; 100 Mbps on twisted pair copper. 1010: Industry-standard alternating ones and zeros test pattern. 1111: Industry-standard all 1s test pattern. 2e15-1, 2^15: Industry-standard 215-1 pseudo random bit sequence. This signal is formed from a 15-stage shift register and is not zero constrained. This pattern contains up to 14 zeros in a row. 2e20-1, 2^20: Industry-standard 2e20-1 pseudo random bit sequence. This signal is formed from a 20-stage shift register and is not zero constrained. This pattern contains up to 19 zeros in a row. 2e23-1, 2^23: Industry-standard 2e23-1 pseudo random bit sequence. This signal is formed from a 23-stage shift register and is not zero constrained. This pattern contains up to 22 zeros in a row. 2e31-1, 2^31: Industry-standard 2e31-1 pseudo random bit sequence. This signal is formed from a 31-stage shift register and is not zero-constrained. This pattern contains up to 30 zeros in a row. Avg: Average BERT: Bit Error Rate Test. CFI: Canonical Format Indicator CJPAT: Continuous Jitter Test Pattern is used for jitter measurements. It is intended to expose a receiver’s CDR (Clock and Data Recovery circuit) to large instantaneous phase jumps. The pattern alternates repeating low transition density patterns with repeating high transition density patterns. CRC: Cyclic Redundancy Check 167 XTT 5000 User's Manual CRPAT: Continuous Random Test Pattern is intended to provide broad spectral content and minimal peaking that can be used for the measurement of jitter at either a component or system level. DEC: Decrease DHCP: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol; a network application protocol used by devices (DHCP clients) to obtain configuration information for operation in an Internet Protocol network. DNS: Domain Name System: Internet system to translate names into IP addresses. DSCP: Differentiated Services Code Point DUT: Device Under Test FCS: Frame Check Sequence fps: Frames Per Second FTP: File Transfer Protocol; network protocol used to transfer data from one computer to another through a network (Internet). GigE: Gigabit Ethernet GUI: Graphic User Interface H.323: H.323 is an umbrella Recommendation from the ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) that defines the protocols to provide audiovisual communication sessions on any packet network. IFG: Inter Frame Gap; same as IPG. INC: Increase IP: Internet Protocol IPG: Inter Packet Gap; The gap of time between the end of one frame and the start of the preamble for the next frame is also called the inter frame gap (IFG). IPTV: Internet Protocol Television. Digital television service delivered using Internet Protocol over a network infrastructure. kbps: A unit of data transfer rate equal to 1,000 bits per second. 168 Glossary LAN: Local Area Network LLC: LLC (Logical Link Control) IEEE Public Listing; upper sublayer of the OSI data link layer. M: Megabits per second; a unit of data transfer rate equal to 1,000,000 bits per second. As there are 8 bits in a byte, a transfer speed of 8 megabits per second (8 Mbit/s) is equivalent to 1,000,000 bytes per second. MAN: Metropolitan Area Network MPLS: Multi Protocol Label Switching; provides a unified data-carrying service for both circuit-based clients and packet-switching clients providing datagram service model; carries Ethernet frames. PRBS: Pseudo-Random Binary Sequence; test pattern RFC 1349: Type of Service in the RFC for Internet Protocol Suite RFC2474: RFC for the Definition of the Differentiated Services Field (DS Field) in the IPv4 and IPv6 Headers RX: Receive SFP: Small form-factor plugable optical transceiver, for rates up to but not including 10G. SIP: Session Initiation Protocol; signalling protocol, used for setting up and tearing down multimedia communication sessions. SN: Sequence Number; Sunrise Tag SNAP: Subnetwork Access Protocol; allows multiplexing of additional protocols on IEEE 802.2 LLC networks. STAG: Sunrise Tag TCP: Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is one of the core protocols of the Internet protocol suite. It manages the individual conversations between web servers and web clients. TPID: Tag Protocol Identifier; part of a VLAN tag. 169 XTT 5000 User's Manual Triple Play: High speed interne, television, and telephone service all provided over one broadband connection. TS: Time Stamp; Sunrise Tag TX: Transmit UDP: User Datagram Protocol; timely data protocol, oft used for real-time service such as VOIP. URL: Uniform Resource Locator; often used to mean a website address. VLAN: Virtual LAN; a network of hosts not actually on the same physical LAN, but grouped that way. VOIP: Voice over IP. A protocol optimized for the transmission of voice through the Internet or other packet switched networks. WAN: Wide Area Network XFP: 10G Small Form Pluggable hot-swappable optical transceiver. 170 Index 10 GigE port.................................40 1000M.........................................33 100Base FX..................................39 100M ..........................................33 10M ............................................33 8B/10B line coding ........................50 AC Power .....................................22 ACT ............................................19 Action Bar..................................... 6 Action Bar Tools............................. 6 Advertisement ..............................32 Aggregate Results .. 77, 106, 107, 117, 125 Alarm .................................... 23, 75 Application ...................... 42, 86, 137 Applications .................................41 Apply ........................................... 6 Apply to All Streams ......................53 ARP..................................... 42, 163 ARP Error Message ........................42 Asymmetric Pause.........................37 Audible Alarm...............................23 Augo-Negotiation ........................ 111 Auto Fill .......................................54 Auto Negotiation ................32, 33, 42 Auto, Straight...............................38 Auto-Negotiation...........................39 Back to Back ................................96 Back-to-Back Table Results .......... 105 BERT.......................... 46, 49, 59, 75 BERT Application..................... 46, 47 BERT ID................................. 51, 99 BIT .............................................19 Bit Error Rate Test ........................47 Bit Errors ................................... 117 Burst...........................................65 Burst Duration ..............................65 Calibrate Touchscreen .................... 9 Cancel .......................................... 6 Caution .......................... 9, 111, 135 CFI .............................................70 CFI User Priority ......................... 158 Choose a port................................ 6 Comments ................................. 146 configure a stream .................. 51, 99 Constant Traffic Shape Setup..........67 Control ...................................... 133 CRC .......................................... 117 Cross ..........................................38 Current Time ................................23 Customer Service..........................14 Data Rate ..................... 77, 107, 125 Date............................................24 Desktop................................. 3, 6, 9 DHCP .................................111, 163 DNS ............................. 27, 111, 163 Duplicate SN Error ...................... 117 echo request .............................. 163 Eject ............................................ 9 Enable Capture Filter .....................61 End of Life Recycling and Disposal Information ................................ 1 entering alphanumeric data ............. 6 ERR ............................................19 Error Frames ................. 77, 107, 125 Error Inject ............................ 6, 143 Error Injection ............................ 143 Errors/alarms ...............................19 Ethernet .................................... 145 Ethernet Connection ......................42 Ethernet Frame Type .....................53 Ethernet Frames ..................149, 151 Ethernet LAN port .........................27 Ethernet Optical Line Encoding ...... 148 Ethernet Overview ...................... 145 Ethertype............................. 55, 149 events ................................... 73, 75 Export a Results Report ............... 139 External memory devices ................ 9 External Storage ...........................10 FCS........................................... 149 FCS/CRC Error ............................ 117 File Usage .................................. 139 Firmware Version ..........................22 Flow control .................................. 6 Frame Gap ...... 77, 107, 117, 125, 154 Frame Interval...................... 80, 154 Frame Interval Note .................... 154 Frame Length ....................... 53, 151 Frame Loss ..................................89 171 XTT 5000 User's Manual Frame Loss Chart........................ 104 Frame Loss Rate ...........................87 Frame Rates........................117, 152 Frame Size and Efficiency............. 152 Frame Size Details ...................... 151 Frame Type..................................55 Frames ...54, 117, 145, 149, 151, 152, 154, 157, 158, 162 Full Duplex............................. 33, 36 Gateway address ..........................27 Gateways................................... 163 Gaussian ............................. 53, 153 Gaussian Frame Probability .......... 153 Get Current Time ..........................23 Half Duplex ............................ 33, 36 Hardware Notes ............................10 Hardware Version .........................22 Help ............................................. 6 Home ........................................... 3 ICMP and Ping ............................ 163 ID...............................................70 IEEE Standards........................... 146 IFG ........................................... 156 Important Information .................... 1 Inter Packet Gap......................... 156 Internet Protocol......................... 163 IP .27, 51, 71, 99, 111, 114, 116, 117, 121, 128, 163 IP Address ................................. 113 IP Mode ..................................... 111 IP Overview ............................... 163 IP Packet ............................. 71, 163 IP Setup ................ 56, 111, 113, 114 IP Source and IP Destination ..........56 IP TEST .......................111, 113, 122 IP/URL ...................................... 122 IPG .............................. 73, 117, 156 IPv4 Frames............................... 117 IPv6.......................................... 117 Keepalive................................... 132 L2 BERT Diagram ..........................49 LAN port ......................................27 Laser....................................... 6, 29 Laser On/Off ................................. 6 Latency ..............................103, 117 Latency Current ............. 77, 107, 125 Layer ...............................47, 50, 87 Layer 1 Unframed 8B/10B ..............50 172 LED Reset ..................................... 6 LEDs ....................................... 6, 19 Line Rate ........... 33, 77, 80, 107, 125 link .............................................42 Link Down....................................75 LINK LED .....................................42 Link Up........................................75 Live ...................................... 71, 73 Live Test Mode .............. 77, 107, 125 Live throughput test ......................73 LLC .............................................55 Loop Control......................6, 90, 133 Loop Down..........................129, 133 Loop Up..............................129, 133 LOOPBACK ...................... 18, 89, 132 Loopback Control .................... 6, 133 Loopback Diagram ...................... 131 Loopback Mode ........................... 132 Loopback Ports Note.................... 132 Loopback Responder.................... 135 LOS .......................................... 117 MAC ...................................... 51, 99 MAC Address Format ................... 155 MAC address source and destination 55 MAC Addresses ........................... 155 MAC Setup ...................................55 Measurement Setup ......................20 Memory Usage..............................22 Menu............................................ 6 Menu Bar ...................................... 6 Metro Ethernet Forum (MEF)......... 146 Minimum IFG.............................. 156 Module Status Panel ....................... 6 MONITOR.....................................18 Monitor Applications .................... 137 Monitor Setup............................. 138 Mouse .........................................10 MPLS............ 51, 58, 95, 99, 117, 162 MPLS Setup..................................58 MPLS Structure ........................... 162 Multiple VLAN ............................. 158 MultiProtocol Label Switching .. 58, 162 NE TEST ......................................94 Negotiation ..................................32 Network Setup..............................27 Offices.........................................14 Optical Fiber.................................12 Cleaning ...................................12 Handling ...................................12 Optical Line Encoding................... 148 Index Overview & Architecture............... 146 Pass Through ............................. 137 PAT.............................................19 Pattern Inversion ........................ 143 Pause ............................. 34, 37, 117 Pause button ................................34 Pause Frame Delay........................34 Pause Frames ................ 77, 107, 125 Payload .......................................59 Payload Setup ..............................59 PDF.............................................. 9 PDF Viewer ................................... 9 PING ............ 111, 114, 117, 124, 163 Ping Echo Log............................. 124 Ping Test .18, 111, 114, 121, 123, 128 Ping Trace Route Results.............. 123 Port ........... 6, 27, 29, 31, 39, 40, 132 Port Address ................................29 Port Combinations.........................31 Port Duplex ..................................36 Port Rate .....................................33 Power Saving Timer ......................23 Press CLEAR HISTORY button .........19 Press Date ...................................24 Press Time ...................................26 Press Time Zone ...........................25 PRI .............................................70 Profile ....................................... 139 PROGRAM ....................................20 Ramp ..........................................68 Ramp Traffic Shape Setup ..............68 Recalibrate.................................... 9 Receive Statistics ........... 77, 107, 125 Requests for Comments (RFC) Documents.............................. 146 Reset ........................................... 6 Respond .................................... 135 Results ...6, 73, 77, 80, 107, 121, 125, 128 Results Files ............................... 139 RFC 2474.....................................56 RFC 2544............................. 95, 151 RFC Frame Loss Config ..................97 RFC Frame Setup ..........................95 RFC One Tester Application Diagram 86 RFC Thruput............................... 103 RFC Thruput Chart Results ........... 106 RFC1349......................................56 RFC2474......................................56 RFC2544...... 86, 92, 96, 97, 101, 104, 105, 106 RFC2544 Latency Results ...............89 RFC2544 NE Stress Test.................94 RFC2544 Summary Results .......... 101 RFC2544 Test Summary.................90 RFC2544/NE TEST.........................18 RJ ...............................................31 RJ-45 ..........................................41 RJ-45 Options....................32, 33, 36 RJ-45 Port Setup..................... 32, 33 RMA ............................................14 Routers ..................................... 163 RX Pause .....................................35 safety........................................... 6 Save a File ................................. 139 Save Features ............................ 139 Save icon................................... 139 Save/view measurement results....... 6 Saved Results......................... 6, 139 Saved Results File ....................... 139 Select Pattern...............................41 Send Loop Down .............................. 129 Loop Up .................................. 129 Sequence Error .............. 77, 107, 125 Sequence Number. 44, 59, 63, 71, 117 Service Disruption .......... 77, 107, 125 Set LAYER.......................................41 Setup ............................. 6, 114, 122 Setup file ................................... 139 SFP Port Configuration ...................39 Short Burst ..................................65 Signal Configuration ................ 19, 85 Signal Setup.................................50 SNAP...........................................55 Splitter Monitor Mode .................. 137 Stacked VLAN Tags ..................... 158 STAG ..........................................63 Standard, Quick ............................90 Standards .................................. 146 Start ............................................ 6 start a test .................................... 6 Start Mode ...................................20 Static IP ....................... 27, 111, 163 Statistics ............................. 73, 117 Status .........................................22 Stop............................................. 6 Stop Mode ...................................20 Straight .......................................32 Straight-through ...........................38 Stream Results .............................80 Stream Rx Filter............................61 173 XTT 5000 User's Manual Stream Table................................54 Stream Table Setup................. 51, 99 streams 51, 54, 55, 56, 58, 61, 64, 67, 71, 72, 82, 99, 117 Stress .........................................94 STT 5000 desktop .......................... 3 STT Ethernet ................................42 Subnet Mask ................................27 Summary........................ 73, 75, 101 Summary Results.................. 73, 116 Sunrise Tag..................................59 Sunrise Tags ................................63 Sunrise Tags Notes .......................63 Sunrise Telecom ...........................14 System Administrator ..................... 9 System File Usage.........................22 System Setup...............................23 System Status Panel....................... 6 System Update .............................28 Tag ........................................... 158 TCP..................................... 71, 163 TCP Frames................... 77, 107, 125 TCP Header Config ........................71 TCP Setup....................................71 TCP Throughput ............................18 TCP/IP....................................... 163 Tech VLAN User Priority ............... 161 Technology .. 145, 146, 148, 149, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 161, 162, 163 test.............................................18 Test Applications...........................18 Test Frames ............. 77, 95, 107, 125 test layer ............................. 50, 133 Test Mode .............. 85, 133, 135, 137 test pattern..................................59 TEST TYPE ............................. 41, 50 Thoughput Stream Results .............80 Thresholds ...................................95 Throughput 41, 50, 51, 82, 85, 87, 90, 92, 95, 99 configure ..................................41 Throughput Aggregate Results 77, 107, 125 Throughput Signal Setup................50 Throughput Stream Table Setup 51, 99 Throughput Summary Results .........73 Throughput Test Setup ............ 41, 89 Thruput Summary Notes ................75 Time ................................22, 26, 27 time of da ....................................26 Time Zone ...................................25 174 TIMED .........................................20 Total Bytes...............77, 80, 107, 125 Total Frames ............77, 80, 107, 125 Total VLAN Frames ......... 77, 107, 125 TPID ................................51, 70, 99 Trace Route ............................... 122 Trace Route results window .......... 123 Trace Route Test......................... 111 TRACEROUTE ............................. 122 Traffic Shape ............... 44, 51, 67, 99 Traffic Shape Setup ............64, 65, 68 Trouble Ticket............................. 139 Troubleshooting ...................... 10, 42 TS tag .........................................63 TX ..............................................32 TX Coupled ..................................20 TX Pattern.................................. 143 UDP ............................................72 UDP Frames .................. 77, 107, 125 UDP Setup ...................................72 UDP Source..................................71 Unframed signa ............................50 Unicast/Multicast Testing Note ...... 157 UPI ........................................... 113 URG ............................................71 URL........................................... 114 USB Mouse...................................10 User............................................59 User File Usage.............................22 User pattern .................................59 User Priority ............................... 161 Utilization Average ......... 77, 107, 125 Utilization Current .........................82 Ver .............................................59 Virtual LEDs .................................19 VLAN51, 54, 87, 95, 99, 113, 151, 158 VLAN button.................................70 VLAN IDs ................................... 158 VLAN Membership ....................... 158 VLAN Setup..................................70 VLAN Tagging ............................. 158 VLAN User Priority....................... 161 Warranty .....................................16 Warranty Registration Card ............. 8 WEEE ........................................... 1 Wifi .............................................27 WiFi Settings ................................27 Windows System Notes................... 9 Working........................................ 6 Desktop ..................................... 6 Index XFP .............................................40 XFP Port Setup .............................40 175
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File Type : PDF File Type Extension : pdf MIME Type : application/pdf PDF Version : 1.7 Linearized : No Encryption : Standard V2.3 (128-bit) User Access : Extract Tagged PDF : Yes XMP Toolkit : Adobe XMP Core 4.0-c316 44.253921, Sun Oct 01 2006 17:14:39 Producer : Acrobat Distiller 8.1.0 (Windows) Company : Sunrise Telecom Inc Source Modified : D:20090501174218 Creator Tool : Acrobat PDFMaker 8.1 for Word Modify Date : 2009:05:20 14:09:50-07:00 Create Date : 2009:05:01 10:43:36-07:00 Metadata Date : 2009:05:20 14:09:50-07:00 Document ID : uuid:3c2b099a-c0b2-479f-aab2-ddaa5c0b970d Instance ID : uuid:c4211230-5882-4035-9ad7-f431e6187448 Subject : 2 Format : application/pdf Creator : Lance Moore Title : XTT 5000 User's Manual Page Count : 181 Page Layout : OneColumn Author : Lance MooreEXIF Metadata provided by EXIF.tools