Technalogix TAV100L VHF TELEVISION BROADCAST User Manual All TV Introduction
Technalogix, Ltd. VHF TELEVISION BROADCAST All TV Introduction
USERS MANUAL
POWER AMPLIFIER NEW ADVENTURES IN BROADCASTING Technalogix TAV-100 You’ve already unpacked it, haven’t you? You’ve unpacked it and plugged it in and turned it on and fiddled with the knobs. No? Okay, good. Please take a few minutes to read the manual and familiarize yourself with your new Technalogix power amplifier. We believe that this manual, and of course our equipment, should be everything you need to get on the air with superb broadcast quality video. We understand that a capable and confident user will get the most out of our product and we have made every attempt to educate readers of all technical levels. If there is something that is not clear, or you require further information, please do not hesitate to contact us and we’ll be glad to help out. Technalogix Ltd. #4, 8021 Edgar Industrial Place Red Deer, Alberta, Canada T4P 3R3 Phone: 403.347.5400 Fax: 403.347.7444 URL: www.technalogix.ca Email: technical@technalogix.ca sales@technalogix.ca We truly appreciate that you have chosen us as your television broadcast system supplier. Happy viewing. Table of Contents SECTION I- SAFEGUARDS ..............................................................................................I-1 SAFETY AND FIRST AID .....................................................................................................I-2 OPERATING SAFEGUARDS ................................................................................................I-3 SECTION II - WARRANTY ............................................................................................. II-1 SECTION III - OVERVIEW...............................................................................................III-1 STANDARD FEATURES .....................................................................................................III-1 PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION ...............................................................................................III-2 BLOCK DIAGRAM ..............................................................................................................III-3 SPECIFICATIONS...............................................................................................................III-5 SECTION IV - RF C OMPONENTS................................................................................ IV-1 AMPLIFIER PALLETS ....................................................................................................... IV-1 SPLITTER/C OMBINER ..................................................................................................... IV-4 DIRECTIONAL COUPLER................................................................................................. IV-4 FILTER ............................................................................................................................ IV-4 SECTION V - POWER SUPPLY SECTION......................................................................V-1 SECTION VI - MONITOR AND CONTROL SYSTEM ....................................................... VI-1 CONTROL BOARD OVERVIEW (S ERIES II-H) ................................................................. VI-1 POWER SUPPLY COMPONENTS ..................................................................................... VI-1 INTERFACE COMPONENTS ............................................................................................. VI-2 SIGNAL CONDITIONING COMPONENTS .......................................................................... VI-3 DISPLAY COMPONENTS ................................................................................................. VI-4 MICROCONTROLLER COMPONENTS............................................................................... VI-5 FAULT SHUTDOWN......................................................................................................... VI-6 REMOTE PORT ............................................................................................................... VI-7 BILL OF MATERIALS ....................................................................................................... VI-8 SCHEMATICS ................................................................................................................VI-10 SECTION VII - MECHANICAL SECTION .......................................................................VII-1 SECTION VIII - INSTALLATION...................................................................................VIII-1 BUILDING RECOMMENDATIONS .....................................................................................VIII-1 HEATING AND COOLING REQUIREMENTS .....................................................................VIII-2 ELECTRICAL SERVICE RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................................VIII-3 ANTENNA AND TOWER RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................VIII-4 SHELTER SECURITY ......................................................................................................VIII-5 UNPACKING AND INSPECTION .......................................................................................VIII-6 LOCATION AND FUNCTION OF CONTROLS AND CONNECTORS (TAV-100 P OWER AMPLIFIERS )..................................................................................................................VIII-7 INITIAL HOOK UP .........................................................................................................VIII-11 SECTION IX - OPERATING PROCEDURE ..................................................................... IX-1 SECTION X - MAINTENANCE AND TROUBLESHOOTING...............................................X-1 TROUBLESHOOTING ........................................................................................................X-2 Section I - Safeguards General Safeguards This section is written as a general guide to keep all 5 fingers on your hand and is intended for those having previous knowledge and experience with these kinds of equipment. It is not intended to contain a complete statement of all safety precautions, which should be observed by personnel using this or other electronic equipment. DOCUMENTATION - Read, retain and follow instructions before operating the equipment. There is a lot of useful information in the manual, and besides, we spent a lot of time writing it! ENVIRONMENT - To reduce the risk of fire or electric shock, do not expose this equipment to rain, moisture, or rye and sodas at the company Christmas party. Refer all servicing to qualified service personnel. SERVICING - Do not attempt to service this equipment yourself as opening or removing covers can result in a warm tingly feeling and will void the warranty. Refer all servicing to qualified service personnel. I-1 Safety and First Aid Personnel engaged in the installation, operation, maintenance, or servicing of electronic equipment are exposed to the hazard of high voltage. It is imperative that all safety regulations and precautions are consistently observed. Knowledge of first aid procedures is recommended. The following information is presented as a reference only. • At all times, avoid placing any part of the body in series between ground and circuit points, whether power is on or off. • Dangerous voltage may be present in equipment even though power is off. Do not open the cabinet. Refer servicing to qualified service personnel. • It is the duty of all personnel to be prepared to give adequate emergency first aid treatment and thereby prevent avoidable loss of life. • There are three principle degrees of burns, recognizable as follows: • a first-degree burn reddens the skin. • a second-degree burn blisters the skin. • a third degree burn chars the flesh and frequently places the victim in a state of shock accompanied by respiratory paralysis. • Respiratory paralysis can cause death by suffocation within seconds. It is imperative that the approved methods of artificial respiration are initiated immediately and continue until the victim’s breathing is normal. • A muscular spasm of unconsciousness may render the victim unable to break free of the electric power. If this is the case, turn the power off immediately. DO NOT TOUCH THE VICTIM OR YOU MAY SHARE THE SAME PREDICAMENT. • If the power cannot be turned off immediately, very carefully loop a dry rope, article of clothing, length of strong cloth or a rolled-up newspaper around the victim and pull the victim free of the power source. Carefully avoid touching the victim or clothing. • Once free of the power source, the victim must be placed in a reclining position and covered with a blanket or newspapers to keep warm. At the first opportunity, enlist help in summoning a doctor. If a doctor cannot be summoned, transport the victim to the doctor or a hospital. Be sure the victim is kept well covered and warm while awaiting professional treatment. I-2 Operating Safeguards It is a known fact that our broadcast transmitters and translators enjoy 50-ohm load impedances. So much so, that it is imperative you maintain 50-ohm impedances throughout your system. In return, your equipment will provide you with maximum power transfer to the antenna and decreased reflected power heading back towards the amplifier pallets, reducing the amount of magic smoke that gets let out of the power amplifier. Before anything is turned on, ensure that there is a 50-ohm path from the output of each stage to the input of the next, all the way to the antenna. In addition to maintaining proper 50-ohm impedances throughout the signal chain, it is also important, whenever possible, to make sure the RF drive going to the input of the power amplifier is removed before turning on or turning off the DC power supply. This is because all of the RF transistors used in the individual amplifier pallets are fabricated with LDMOS (Laterally Diffused Metal Oxide Semiconductor) technology. Nice and linear yes, but they do not like to make any RF power when their supply voltages are not within a specific range. When you first turn your power amplifier on or off, the DC power supply’s output voltage may take a while to stable out to a safe operating voltage. Ten seconds wait before applying the RF drive will ensure no issues arise. Our power amplifiers are designed to reliably generate a specific RF output power. Failing to adhere to overdriven amplifier warnings can decrease the reliability of your system, and frankly, makes our repair department busy and grumpy. If you need to transmit to a little larger coverage, you are better off increasing antenna gain, and more importantly, antenna height above average terrain. On TV and FM broadcast frequencies, insufficient antenna height puts an upper limit on your range, regardless of power levels, as the distance from your antenna to the radio horizon is limited. I-3 Section II - Warranty Our legalese is straightforward. It is simply designed to give you peace of mind and helps you resist the temptation to have your electronics friend try to repair your Technalogix product. Technalogix Ltd. products have been completely tested and found to meet specifications and be in proper operating condition. They are warranted to be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of one year from the date of shipment. If the system becomes damaged in shipment and there are obvious signs of damage to the outside of the packaging, notify your courier immediately before that courier walks out the door. Technalogix Ltd. will not be liable for damages of whatever nature arising out of or in connection with the equipment or its use thereof. Technalogix does not assume responsibility for injury or damage resulting from the practices of untrained or unqualified personnel in the handling of this equipment. Technalogix Ltd. warranty does not include: • • • • • • misuse, neglect or accident. incorrect wiring and /or improper installation. unauthorized repairs, modifications or use in violation of instructions issued by Technalogix. incidental or consequential damages as a result of any defect. reshipment cost or insurance of the unit or replacement units or parts. acts of nature or terrorism. Technalogix agrees, at our option, to remedy warranted defects or furnish a new part in exchange for any part of a unit which, under normal installation, use and service, becomes defective. The user will pay for transportation costs to and from the repair center. If you require technical service on the site, the cost to you will be $800.00 per day plus air fare and meals. II-1 To claim your rights under this warranty: • Contact Technalogix and describe the problem in as much detail as possible. See troubleshooting section in this manual. If a solution cannot be found at this time, it may be determined that the unit will have to be returned to Technalogix for repair, once a Return Materials Authorization (RMA) number is provided. Please look under our web site (www.technalogix.ca) for the RMA form (Service) and fill it out. Either fax it to us or email to us. • Package equipment carefully for prepaid shipment to Technalogix. Include a written description of the problem experienced, a copy of the original invoice establishing warranty status, and the RMA. Technalogix reserves the right to make revisions in current production of the equipment and assumes no obligation to incorporate these changes in earlier models. Shipping Address: Technalogix Ltd. ATTN: RMA# #4, 8021 Edgar Industrial Place Red Deer, Alberta, Canada T4P 3R3 Ph: 403.347.5400 Made in Canada, returned for repairs II-2 Section III - Overview Standard Features • Narrow output bandpass filter allows adjacent channel operation • Front panel Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) to monitor forward and reflected RF power, and DC voltage • Microcontroller-based monitoring and control ensures amplifier will never be overdriven and high VSWR will not damage amplifier • AC circuit breaker on back panel to eliminate replacement of fuses • RF/EMI filtering on AC entry plug • All aluminium enclosure maintains power amplifier’s light weight • Simple design using commonly available parts ensures reliable operation • Predominate and third-order intermodulation distortion exceeds Industry Canada and FCC specification. III-1 Principle of Operation The TAV-100 power amplifier supplies a 100-watt peak video signal with an aural carrier level 10 to 13 dB below visual carrier (dBc) on any of the VHF television channels 2 through 13. Please note that channel selection must be made at time of order, as the transmitter or translator is calibrated and tested to the channel requested and is not field tuneable. The TAV-100 power amplifier is a modular solid-state 100-watt broadcast amplifier utilizing readily available RF components wherever possible, thus enhancing the serviceability of the equipment. The TAV-100 is comprised of a PA25-VHF-L pallet for low-band VHF frequencies or PA25-VHF-H pallet for high-band VHF frequencies and P200-VHF-L final amplifier for low-band VHF frequencies or P200VHF-H for high-band VHF frequencies. The TAV-100 features ultra linear amplification and individual channel RF output bandpass filtering. The amplifier modules are stable for high reliability and long service life. III-2 Block Diagram The RF signal enters through the RF Input connector on the power amplifier enclosure from the modulator or processor. It then passes through an RF attenuator to limit the output power level of the power amplifier and to help buffer any transients that may come into the power amplifier. After attenuation, the signal is amplified through the PA25-VHF driver and through the P200 final amplifier. The signal then passes through a bandpass filter. Finally, the amplified signal passes through a dual directional coupler for monitoring purposes. After the directional coupler, the signal exits the power amplifier enclosure before heading out to an antenna for broadcast. III-3 FILTER PA25-VHF P200-VHF DIRECTIONAL COUPLER ATTENUATION RF INPUT RF OUT A=-0.05dB typ. TO WATTMETER AND ANTENNA A=40dB typ. low band VHF A=34dB typ. high band VHF TAV-100 Block Diagram Rev ID Date: May 23, 2005 Page: 1 of 1 Specifications The following specifications were taken with a Technalogix modulator/processor. Should a different modulator or processor be used, specifications could vary. For this reason, we recommend that any different modulator/processor be shipped to Technalogix so the system can be matched and set up optimally. In addition, the audio/video ratio the input to the power amplifier needs to be –10 dB in order for the software and LCD readout to be accurate. RF Characteristics Frequency range Frequency Response (one channel) Frequency Stability Selectivity Minimum Input Level Rated Visual Output Power Rated Aural Output Power IF Output Level Input Impedance Output Impedance Harmonics Predominant Intermodulation Distortion + 920 kHz - 920 kHz + 2.66 MHz - 2.66 MHz + 5.42 MHz + 7.16 MHz any specified VHF Channel 2 to 13 ±0.5 dB ±250 Hz 60 dB (adjacent channel) +10 dBm 100 Watts 10% of peak visual power +35 dBmV nominal 75 Ohms 50 Ohms > 60 dB below rated power dBc = decibels below visual carrier > -53 dBc > -53 dBc > -53 dBc > -53 dBc > -53 dBc > -53 dBc 3rd Order Intermodulation Distortion + 4.5 MHz + 9.0 MHz All others Spurious Emissions > -60 dBc > -60 dBc > -60 dBc > -60 dBc NTSC Video Characteristics Input Level to modulator (for 87.5% modulation) Differential Phase (at 87.5% modulation) Differential Gain (at 87.5% modulation) Group Delay Video Group Delay Pre-emphasis K-Factor Hum and Noise III-4 1.0 VPP ±2 Degrees 2% < ±40 nS Conforms to IC/FCC specifications 1.9% for 2T Pulse > 60 dB below rated power Aural Characteristics Input Level for 25 kHz Deviation Frequency Response (Standard Pre-emphasis) Harmonic Distortion (25 kHz Deviation) Amplitude Modulation Noise Frequency Modulation Noise Intercarrier Stability 0.3 VPP ±1 dB < 1% 50 Hz to 15 kHz > 50 dB > 60 dB ±250 Hz Physical Characteristics Power Requirements 100-130,210-230 vac, 50/60 Hz Operating Temperature Dimensions (power amplifier only) 0 - 50°C W-19”,D -21 ¼”, H-5 ¼”, 3U-high III-5 Section IV – RF Components Amplifier Pallets The PA25-VHF pallet is a two stage ultra linear class-A linear pallet. The PA25-VHF-L has a typical gain of 40dB and draws no more than 3.25Adc total drain current (the exact bias and drain currents of your system are found in the spec sheet supplied with each manual). The PA25-VHF-H (channels 7 through 13) has a typical gain of 34 dB and draws no more than 3.25A total drain current. The quiescent and drain currents can be measured on the PA25-VHF pallet by measuring the voltage drop across the current sense resistor found directly at the DC power supply lead input to the pallet. This resistance is 0.01-ohms, providing a 10mV per ampere ratio. The final amplifier stage is comprised of a P200-VHF-L or P200-VHF-H amplifier pallet and are characterized with typical gains of 18 dB (low band) or 16 dB (high band) and maximum drain currents of 11 A (low-band) or 14 A (high-band). Each of the amplifier pallets is connectorized. All amplifier pallets must have the transistor drain voltages reach at least 26Vdc before the RF drive is applied. IV-1 Technalogix Ltd. 25 Watt High Band VHF Pallet PA25-VHF-H S. Kazarian November 12, 2001 TECHNALOGIX LTD. 25 W VHF LO BAND DRIVER P25-VHF-L R.S. MCDONALD 14 SEPTEMBER, 2000 Technalogix Ltd. 200 Watt High Band VHF Pallet P200-VHF-H R.S. McDonald December 17, 2001 TECHNALOGIX LTD. 200 W VHF HI BAND PALLET P200 VHF-L R.S. MCDONALD 31 AUGUST, 2000 Filter The passive bandpass filter rejects spurious and harmonic output products and passes the VHF channel RF output. The cavity resonator uses aperture coupling and is a linear resonator design. Typical insertion loss is 0.6 dB to 1.0 dB depending on channel frequency. Average roll off is –33 dBc at a point 4.5 MHz below the peak visual carrier frequency and –30 dBc 9.0 MHz above the peak visual carrier frequency. The filter is DC grounded on both the input and output for additional lightning protection. Directional Coupler The Technalogix dual directional couplers provide DC voltages proportional to forward and reflected RF power monitoring. These analog voltages are converted for processing using analog-to-digital converters and provide the control system with valuable data for monitoring purposes. The directional couplers installed in the power amplifier and filter enclosures have peak detection circuits on the forward RF power side of the coupler and average detection circuits on the reflected RF power side of the coupler. This is to allow the end user to set power in a manner that is more independent of modulation and closer to a true tip-of-sync meter. Hence the readings on the displays in the power amplifier system are peak for forward and average for reflected. Output power should be set following the operating procedure found elsewhere in this manual. The directional coupler has a typical insertion loss of 0.5dB and its Type N connectors can handle 1,500 watts peak. The coupler requires 8 to 8.5Vdc to power the internal electronics of the coupler and is supplied from the control printed circuit board at the front of each enclosure. IV-3 Section V – Power Supply Switching AC-DC power supplies are used to power the amplifier pallets, the control circuits, and all of the fans. There is (1) power supply used to generate the necessary current for the amplifier pallets, set to 28.3 Vdc nominally. The power supply is a Lambda SWS-600-36. This switching power supply is fully protected against short circuit and output overload. Short circuit protection is a cycling type power limit. The internal AC fuse is designed to blow only on a catastrophic failure in the unit – the fuse does not blow on overload or short circuit. The thermal shutdown automatically recovers when the power supply chassis cools down. AC is fed into the enclosure via a filtered EMI AC entry. It is then current limited with a resettable circuit breaker before passing through a rocker switch. This switch turns the AC on and off to the switching power supply. V-1 SWS300/600 Series Single Output General Purpose Power Supplies Low Cost Active Power Factor Correction Universal Input (85 - 265VAC) Input Transient Protected IEC61000-4 SEMI F47 Certified (208VAC Input) Key Market Segments & Applications Factory Automation Test & Measurement Automated Service SWS Features and Benefits Feature Meets IEC61000-4 Global safety Approvals Power Factor Corrected Level B EMI Process Control, NC-Machining, Automotive, Packaging Equipment, Materials Handling, Chemical Processing, Robots Burn-in & Test, Automated, Detection Test, Instrumentation, Measurement Vending Machines, Elevators, Video Gaming, Point of Sale Equipment Benefit Greater reliability Supports Global Use Supports Global Use Assists System Compliance Specifications MODEL ITEMS Input Voltage range (1) Inrush Current (115 / 230VAC) Power Factor Input Current (100/200VAC) Temperature Coefficient Overcurrent Protection -Overvoltage Protection Overtemperature Protection Hold Up Time (Typ) Leakage Current (max) Remote Sense Parallel Connection Remote On/Off Power Fail Signal LED Indicator Operating Temperature Storage Temperature Humidity (non-condensing) Cooling Withstand Voltage Isolation Resistance Vibration (non operating) Immunity Safety Agency Approvals Conducted & Radiated EMI Recommended EMI Filter Weight (Typ) Size (WxHxD) Warranty Notes: ms mA °C in yrs SWS300 SWS600 85 - 265VAC (47 - 63Hz) or 120 - 370VDC 20 / 40 Meets EN61000-3-2 3.6 / 1.8A 7.2 / 3.6A <0.02%/°C >105%, Constant current style 3.3V: 4.1-5.3V, 5V: 6.25-7.25V, 12V: 13.8-16.8V 15V: 18.7-22.5V, 24V: 30-34.8V, 36V: 41.4-50.4V, 48V: 60-69.6V Yes, cycle AC to reset 20ms at 115/230VAC SWS300: 0.75mA , SWS600: 1.5mA None Yes None Yes None Yes, >4.5V to shutdown None Yes, open collector output Green LED = On -10 to +65°C (See table for derating - model specific) -30 to +85°C 30 - 90% RH operating, 10 - 95%RH non operating Internal fan I/P to Grnd 2kVAC, I/P to O/P 3kVAC, O/P to Grnd 500VAC, O/P to CNT 100VAC for 1 min >100M at 25C & 70%RH, Output to Ground 500VDC 10 - 55Hz (sweep for 1 min)19.6m/s2 constant X, Y, Z 1 hour each plane) EN61000-4-2, -3, -4, -5, -6, -8, -11 UL60950, CSA60950, EN60950, EN50178, CE Mark, SEMI F47 (208VAC) EN55011 / EN55022-B, FCC Class B MC1206 MC1210 950 2000 2.05 x 4.01 x 7.8" 3.62 x 4.72 x 7.48" Two Years (1) Derate linearly to 85% load from 115VAC to 85VAC input (derate to 90% load for SWS600-3 & -5) 3055 Del Sol Blvd • San Diego, CA 92154 • 1-800-LAMBDA-4 SWS300/600 Series Model Selector 21.5 +V +V 60¡ 0.5 +V SEE NOTE B (8.5) 9.5 AC(L) 24 8.2 -V -V FG( ) AC(N) (19.6) 198¡ 1 9-M3.5 13MAX 6.5 (12.1) 15 SEE NOTE B 52¡ 1 30¡ 0.5 TERMINAL COVER 155¡ 0.5 16 SWS600 Outline Drawing Derating (10) (73) 8.2 34 25 +S 11 9.5 PC TOG CNT PF SEE NOTE "C" (Tapped at the bottom chassis) Additional derating required when operating SWS600 with side ventilation holes blocked - see installation manual. N ( AC -S SEE NOTE "C" (Tapped on both sides) 10 V.ADJ (20) 150¡ 0.5 Options 20 7.5 ON 50% 55% 9.0 83.3% 70% 120¡ 1 91.6% 85% 21 100% 100% PLATE 10 SWS300 SWS600 7-M3.5 NAME PLATE 65°C (16.5) NAME 60°C (25) 55°C 70¡ 0.5 50°C 8-M4 100¡ 0.5 Model (72) 190¡ 1 92¡ 1 Hole at the opposite chassis Suffix Descriptor /CO2 Double sided conformal coating 150¡ 0.5 20 21MAX 50¡ 0.5 AIR FLOW (21) 15W & 30W Single Output, High Reliability 50-600W Single & Triple Output, High Reliability 50-150W Single Output 5-240W PCB style Single Output (20) 21 5MAX Other Lambda Industrial Products RWS JWS, JWS-P & JWT SWS ZWS 150¡ 0.5 -V -V (95) -V 102¡ 1 +V Notes: (2) Peak rating of 120A for 10s (3) 115/230VAC SEE NOTE A -V 50/60Hz 67/70 75/78 77/80 79/83 80/84 82/85 82/85 69/71 74/77 78/81 80/83 81/84 81/85 82/85 INPUT: 100-240VAC ~ 4.4A 120 120 120 120 150 200 240 100 100 120 120 150 200 240 +V 20 20 48 48 48 72 96 20 20 48 48 48 72 96 55 A 40 40 96 120 120 180 240 40 40 96 120 120 180 240 +V 55 55 26 21 13 8.7A 6.7 100 (2) 100 (2) 50 40 25 16.7 12.5 LED OUTPUT: 5 V 2.97-3.96V 4.5-6V 9.6-13.2 13.2-18V 20-28.8 28.8-40V 40-57.6 2.97-3.96V 4.5-6V 9.6-13.2 13.2-18V 20-28.8 28.8-40V 40-57.6 VR FOR Vadj. (18.1) SWS300- 5 Eff.(3) (typ)% BAR CODE 3.3V 5V 12V 15V 24V 36V 48V 3.3V 5V 12V 15V 24V 36V 48V Ripple Noise (mV) HDK SWS300-3 SWS300-5 SWS300-12 SWS300-15 SWS300-24 SWS300-36 SWS300-48 SWS600-3 SWS600-5 SWS600-12 SWS600-15 SWS600-24 SWS600-36 SWS600-48 Adjust Range Line Reg (mV) MADE IN CHINA Voltage Load Reg (mV) V ADJ Model SWS300 Outline Drawing Max Curr. (A) 15MAX SEE NOTE "C" (Tapped on both sides) For Additional Information, please visit www.lambdapower.com/products/sws-series.htm 3055 Del Sol Blvd • San Diego, CA 92154 • 1-800-LAMBDA-4 Revision A4: Mar 2005 Section VI – Monitor and Control System Control Board Overview (Series II-rev I) The control printed circuit boards (PCB) are located at the front of each enclosure connected directly to the back of the liquid crystal displays (LCD) and are identified as Series II – rev I PCBs. The main purpose of the Series II - rev I PCB is to monitor the RF power and the DC supply voltages in the power amplifier and filter enclosures and to monitor just the DC supply voltages in the power supply enclosure. In all cases, a DC voltage proportional to the parameter being sampled is conditioned, protected, buffered, and then run into an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) where software processes the signal. The software processing determines if the parameters are within the predetermined safe operating levels and displays the parameters on the LCD for monitoring purposes. The Series II - rev I PCB can be broken apart into (5) main component areas: the power supply, interface, signal processing, display, and microcontroller. Schematics are found later in this section. Power Supply Components There are (4) power supply voltages generated on the Series II – rev I PCB: 1. 2. 3. 4. +5Vdc for all logic and general purpose PCB supply voltage +4Vdc for the LED backlighting on the LCD -4Vdc for the contrast voltage required by the LCD +5Vdc for the directional coupler supply The +5Vdc is generated from a small switching power supply comprised of C101, C102, D102, L101, and U101. This power supply accepts DC input voltages up to 40Vdc (unless U101 is an HV option, then the maximum input voltage is +60Vdc) and outputs +5Vdc at up to 1Adc. This voltage is always on, as the ON/OFF pin on U101 is hard-wired to the ‘on’ configuration. C103, L102, and C104 form a noise choke to help filter out switching noise or RF noise that may radiate onto the control circuit board. The +4Vdc is generated from a small switching power supply comprised of components C105, C106, D103, L103, and U102. This power supply accepts DC input voltages up to +40Vdc (unless U102 is an HV option, then the maximum input voltage is 60Vdc) and outputs +5Vdc at up to 1Adc. The voltage then gets dropped down to +4Vdc through R101. This backlight voltage can be turned on and off via the ON/OFF pin on U102. The PCB is designed in a manner that allows this voltage to be hard-wired on all the time or controlled from the microcontroller through latch U111. This selection is made with jumper J102. The -4Vdc is generated using a switched capacitor voltage converter design, using components C109, C110, R102, R103, U104, and VR101. U4 accepts +5Vdc from the general purpose +5Vdc supply and generates -5Vdc. This voltage then gets dropped across the voltage divider (R102, R103) to generate the contrast voltage specific to the LCD that is installed in the system. VI-1 The voltage required by the directional coupler is generated with a standard linear voltage regulator, U103 if it is a voltage other than +5Vdc. C107 and C108 helps clean up any ripple or noise that might be on the output voltage. In the standard configuration, where the directional coupler requires +5Vdc, the +5Vdc is simply taken from the U101 filtered power supply output. Interface Components The interface section of the Series II – rev I PCB includes the front panel switch interfacing in addition to the buzzer and carrier disable output circuits. The (4) membrane switches found on the front panels of each enclosure are tied to the microcontroller through an isolation stage to avoid any static discharge or noise on the switch wiring from reaching the microcontroller. Optoisolators U105 and U106, in addition to components R104…R115 create the necessary isolation to the sensitive microcontroller. By depressing any membrane switch, a ground (0V) is applied to the input of the optoisolators. The optoisolators will, in turn, output a ground (0V) to the microcontroller when any switch is depressed. The membrane switches found on the front panels of the enclosures operate in the following manner with a depress: POWER – When unit is plugged in, AC is supplied to the switching power supply input, but the amplifiers are still turned off. In order to turn the amplifiers on, assuming the rocker switch is turned on, wait ten seconds after plugging the PA in and push in the “POWER” tactile button. The LCD will read “Soft Start Warm Up, Please Wait”. After ten seconds the bias voltages will be turned on and you may then plug in the RF drive. Depress for (1) second to turn on and (3) seconds to turn system off. In the case of multiple enclosures, all POWER switches are tied together in each enclosure, so only one switch needs to be depressed. NAVIGATE – Turns on backlight to LCD and displays forward and reflected RF power and DC supply voltage parameters. When power amplifier is first turned on, the LCD comes on automatically and this information is displayed. Information is displayed for several minutes before the backlight turns off and the display is cleared. This is set up so as not to burn any pixels into the LCD from extended on time. In the case of multiple enclosures, the NAVIGATE switches are individual to each enclosure. SELECT – Turns on backlight to LCD and displays forward and reflected RF power and DC supply voltage parameters. When power amplifier is first turned on, the LCD comes on automatically and this information is displayed. Information is displayed for several minutes before the backlight turns off and the display is cleared. This is set up so as not to burn any pixels into the LCD from extended on time. In the case of multiple enclosures, the SELECT switches are individual to each enclosure. VI-2 RESET – Tactile switch resets the monitor and control system. The amplifier gets shut down for under 0.5 seconds and comes back on with each depress of the reset button. At the same time, all fault counters in the microcontroller software are reset and the LCD is reset in the same manner as it is with a depress of the NAVIGATE button. Reset switches are individual to each enclosure but may be tied together externally through the remote port, as explained later in this section. The buzzer control comes from pin 7 on microcontroller U114. The control signal passes through R116 and turns on the base of transistor Q101, which allows current to flow through the single tone magnetic buzzer. Jumper J105 simply turns off the buzzer when removed. The carrier disable circuit applies a shutdown voltage to the driver pallet in the system. The U114 generates the signal out of pin 21 and controls transistor Q102 through R117. When Q102 is turned off, the shutdown voltage to the driver is floating and the carrier is on. During a fault condition, when Q102 is turned on, the shutdown voltage is applied to the carrier disable on the driver. Relay K101, which outputs the carrier disable, is protected from transient spikes by D104. Signal Conditioning Components The signal processing section of the Series II – rev I PCBs is used to buffer potentially noisy or damaging signals from the ADC. Power supply samples and forward and reflected power from a directional coupler are then digitized. Firstly, all analog signals are protected with a resettable fuse and transient voltage suppressor (TVS) combination. These components ensure that voltages above the Vbr breakdown voltage of the TVS get clamped and do not pass farther down the circuit. After this protection stage, the analog voltages get dropped with voltage dividers to safe levels for the buffers and ADC. For example, a +30Vdc power supply sample gets dropped to a level below the +2.5Vdc voltage reference U109 of the ADC. After the voltage dividers, the analog signals get buffered with U107 and U108, configured as unity gain voltage followers. Finally, after some further decoupling capacitors and filters, the analog signals get digitized by the 8-channel, 10-bit ADC (U10) and sent to the microcontroller through a serial interface. There are (3) analog voltages that get conditioned and processed: DC power supply sample, forward RF power, and reflected RF power. Specifically, the components are as follows: DC power supply – Forward RF power – Reflected RF power – J108 (pin 1 floating and direct connection), F107, C120, L108, C121, R129, R130, VR105, U108, C122, C123, L109, C124 and U110. J108 (pin 2), F106, D109, C117, C118, L107, C119, R127, R128, VR104, U108, C125, L110, C126, C127, and U110. J108 (pin 3), F105, D108, C114, C115, L106, C116, R125, R126, VR103, U108, C130, L112, C131, C132, and U110. VI-3 Display Components The display section of the Series II – rev I PCB is comprised of the LCD and the components that make up the data bus to send the data from the microcontroller to the LCD. Specifically, the LCD is an alphanumeric 20X4 display that uses the industry standard 44780 controller and a parallel interface for data communications. Firstly, the microcontroller sends out the data to be displayed via a serial bus where the signals are latched with U111 and U112 and converted to a parallel data stream. The parallel data then transfers directly to the LCD through connector J109. J109 also carriers the power supply for the LCD. Microcontroller Components The heart of the monitor and control system found in Series II - rev I PCBs is microcontroller U114. This microcontroller analyzes all RF power levels and voltages to ensure that all operating parameters are within their predetermined safe operating levels. If a fault is found, appropriate action is taken to help protect the system from damage, which may include turning the RF carriers off. A full description of all faults and their respective actions is found later in this section. The power supply for the microcontroller is monitored closely via supervisor U113. Should the +5Vdc supply drop below +4.5Vdc, a microcontroller reset is generated to ensure there are no brown out conditions that may latch the microcontroller up to an unknown state. The front panel Reset momentary switch is also tied to this line after optoisolation. The microcontroller is run off of a 4.000MHz clock source, generated by ceramic resonator CR101. If the software is running, LED D110 will be lit. Finally, U115 stores all characters for the LCD to minimize the overhead required for the microcontroller, and also stores the current state of the power ON/OFF of the system. This is to ensure that, in the event of a power outage, the system returns to the exact state is was before power was interrupted. VI-4 Fault Shutdowns On the LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) the following messages may appear: If you see this message, the system will: - shut amp down for 1 minute - automatically turn amp on after 1 minute and check again for overdriven amplifier - come back to the same power level that it was set If you see this message, the system will: - shut amp down for 5 minutes - automatically turn amp on after 5 minutes and check again for high VSWR - come back to the same power level that it was set VI-5 Remote Port The remote port allows external control of the transmission system via the DB25 connector on each enclosure. All functions on the remote port are simply hard-wired or paralleled to existing wiring to provide a secondary method of control to the user, and are activated as follows: pin 1: ground to reset microcontroller, float otherwise pin 2: ground for 2 seconds to toggle carrier on/off, float otherwise pin 3: common ground pin 4: DC power supply sample VI-6 Series II - Bill of Materials revision: I date: 21-Jun-05 Item Qty Components BZ101 Optional part depending on power level of TV or FM Description Tolerance BUZZER, magnetic, 5V, single tone Package SMD CT-1205C Equivalency CUI CT-1205C C101, C105 CAPACITOR, electrolytic, 100uF, 63V <=20% SMT (Panasonic VS "G" size) Panasonic ECE-V1JA101P, NIC NACEW101M63V10x10.5 CAPACITOR, electrolytic, 330uF, 35V <=20% SMT (Panasonic VS "G" size) Panasonic ECE-V1VA331P, NIC NACEW331M35V10x10.5 21 CAPACITOR, ceramic, 0.01uF, 63V <=20% SMT 0805 Digikey C0805C103K5RACTU CAPACITOR, ceramic, 0.1uF, 25V CAPACITOR, electrolytic, 100uF, 25V <=20% <=20% SMT 1206 SMT (Panasonic VS "E" size) Utech GMC31X7R104K50NT Panasonic ECE-V1EA101UP C102, C106 C103, C104, C107, C112, C113, C115, C116, C118, C119, C120, C121, C123, C124, C125, C126, C128, C129, C130, C131, C133, C134 C108, C111, C140, C143, C144, C145, C146 C109, C110 C114, C117, C122, C127, C132, C135, C147 SMT 3216 Sprague 293D105X9035B2T CR101 Through hole, 3-position, 0.1" spacing ECS Inc. ZTT-4.00MG D101 SMB Crydom SMBJ30A; GI SMBJ30A 10 11 12 D101 D102,D103 D104 SMB SMC SMA Crydom SMBJ48A; GI SMBJ48A International Rectifier 30BQ060 Diodes Inc S1D-13 13 14 D108, D109 D110 SMB SMT 1206 Crydom SMBJ5.0A; GI SMBJ5.0A Lumex SML-LX1206IW 15 F101 0.23" lead spacing, 20AWG leads Raychem RXE075; Bourns MF-R075 16 F105, F106, F107 miniSMD Raychem miniSMDC014-2 17 J101 0.2" spacing Wieland 25.340.3453, Weco 10.808.104 18 J101 Through hole, 0.2" spacing Wieland 25.350.3453, Weco 20.806.128 19 J102, J106 Through hole, 0.1" spacing Molex 22-28-4300; Samtec TSW-130-05-T-S 20 21 J105 J102, J105, J106 Through hole, 0.1" spacing 0.1" spacing Molex 22-28-4300; Samtec TSW-130-05-T-S AMP 382811-6; Samtec SNT-100-BK-T 22 J103 0.2" spacing Wieland 25.340.3553.0 Through hole 0.2" spacing Wieland 25.350.3553.0 0.2" spacing Wieland 25.340.3353, Weco 10.808.103 Through hole, 0.2" spacing Through hole, 0.1" spacing Through hole, 0.1" spacing Relay - Aromat - TX SA Wieland 25.350.3353, Weco 20.806.127 Samtec TSW-116-18-T-S Samtec SSW-116-03-T-S Aromat TX2SA-5V SMT JW Miller 3316-681M SMT 1210 KOA KL32TE010K SMT (Talema S5) Talema SWS-0.85-680 4-40 pem mount (4) Varitronix 20464K SMT SOT-23 Alberta Printed Circuits, MPC, GRM, Enigma, … Fairchild MMBT2222A; Zetex FMMT2222A; Diodes Inc MMBT2222A-7 5% SMT 2010 Panasonic ERJ-12ZYJ4R7U 1% SMD 0805 Panasonic ERJ-6ENF15R0V 1% SMD 0805 Digikey MCR10EZHF1001, Panasonic ERJ-6ENF75R0V 1% SMD 0805 Panasonic ERJ-6ENF1001V 1% SMD 0805 Panasonic ERJ-6ENF1002V 23 J103 24 J107, J108 25 26 27 28 J107, J108 J109 J109 K101 29 L101 CAPACITOR, tantalum, 1uF, 16V <=20% CLOCK, ceramic resonator, 4.000 MHz, f <= 0.5% w/caps C <= 20% TV Power Amplifier: DIODE, TVS, 600 watts, Vwm=30V, Vbr min=33.3 FM Power Amplifier: DIODE, TVS, 600 watts, Vwm=48V, Vbr min=53.3 DIODE, schottky, If=3A, Vr=60V DIODE, rectifier, If=1A, Vr=200V DIODE, TVS, 600 watts, Vwm=5.0V, Vbr min=6.4 DIODE, LED, RED, clear or diffused FUSE, resettable, Ihold=0.75A, Itrip=1.5A, Vmax=72V FUSE, resettable, Ihold=0.14A, Itrip=0.34A, Vmax=60V CONNECTOR, 4-position plug, 180 degree wire entry, 90 degree screw access, 5.08mm CONNECTOR, 4-position header, pluggable, vertical, closed, 5.08mm CONNECTOR, breakaway header strip, 3position, 0.1", square post CONNECTOR, breakaway header strip, 2position, 0.1", square post CONNECTOR, 2-position post shunts CONNECTOR, 5-position plug, 180 degree wire entry, 90 degree screw access, 5.08mm CONNECTOR, 5-position header, 0.1", vertical CONNECTOR, 3-position plug, 180 degree wire entry, 90 degree screw access, 5.08mm CONNECTOR, 3-position header, pluggable, vertical, closed, 5.08mm CONNECTOR, terminal strip, 16-position CONNECTOR, socket strip, 16-position RELAY, DPDT, 5V, 2Adc contact, SMD INDUCTOR, 680uH, Irms=0.4A, DCR=2.02 ohms 33 L102, L105, L106, L107, L108, L109, INDUCTOR, 0.01uH, Imax=0.45A, 10 L110, L111, L112, L113 DCR=0.13 omhs INDUCTOR, 680uH, Irms=1.3A, DCR=0.2 ohms L103 20 X 4 character liquid crystal display, LED backlit LCD101 Series II, revision H printed circuit board, PCB101 soldermask, silkscreen, FR4 34 Q101, Q102 35 R101 36 R102 37 38 11 39 R103 R104, R105, R106, R109, R110, R111, R112, R115, R116, R132, R134 R107, R108, R113, R114 30 31 32 +/- 10% TRANSISTOR, NPN, Ic=1A, Vce=40V RESISTOR, 4.7 ohm, 1/2 watt, carbon film RESISTOR, 15.0 ohm, 1/10 watt, thick film RESISTOR, 75.0 ohm, 1/10 watt, thick film RESISTOR, 1.00 kohm, 1/10 watt, thick film RESISTOR, 10.0 kohm, 1/10 watt, thick film Series II - Bill of Materials revision: I date: 21-Jun-05 40 41 42 43 44 45 R117 R124 R125, R127, R126, R128 R129 R130 R131 46 U101, U102 47 U101, U102 48 49 50 U104 U105, U106 U108 51 52 U109 U110 53 U111, U112 54 U113 55 U114 56 57 58 59 Optional part depending on power level of TV or FM RESISTOR, 4.99 kohm, 1/10 watt, thick film RESISTOR, 13 kohm, 1/8 watt RESISTOR, 1 kohm, 1/8 watt RESISTOR, 121 kohm, 1/8 watt RES, 2.15 kohm, 1/10 watt, thick film RES, 120 ohm, 1/10 watt, thick film TV Power Amplifier: REGULATOR, switching, 5Vdc, 3A, fosc=52kHz FM Power Amplifier: REGULATOR, switching, 5Vdc, 3A, fosc=52kHz REGULATOR, inverter, 100mA OPTOISOLATOR, dual, Viso=5300Vac OP AMP, quad, low voltage REFERENCE, 2.50V (for TV PA >= 250Wpk) ADC, 10-bit, 10-channel LOGIC, 8-bit shift register with latches SUPERVISOR, n-channel, open drain, internal pullup resistor MICROCONTROLLER, OTP, 4k, 22 I/O lines Connector, socket, 28-position, DIP, 0.3" spacing MEMORY, 8k X 8, EEPROM, SPI do not stuff J111 U115 VR101 VR102, VR103, VR104, VR105 RES, variable, 10 kohm, 1-turn, 3mm 1% 1% SMD 0805 SMD 0805 Panasonic ERJ-6ENF4991V Rohm MCR10EZHF1302 1% 1% 1% 1% SMD 0805 SMD 0805 SMD 0805 SMD 0805 Rohm MCR10EZHF1001 Rohm MCR10EZHF1213 Rohm MCR10EZHF2151 Panasonic ERJ-6ENF1200V SMD TO-263-5 National LM2576S-5.0 SMD TO-263-5 National LM2576HVS-5.0 National LM2660M; Analog Devices ADM8660, Maxxim MAX660 Fairchild MCT6S National LMV324M SMD SOIC-8 SMD DIP8 SMD SOIC-14 +/-0.2% SMD SOT-23 SMD SOIC-20 SMD SOIC-16 National LM4040BIM3-2.5 Analog Devices AD7812YR Fairchild MM74HC595M; On Semi MC74HC595AD; Phillips 74HC595D SMD SOT-23 MCP130T-450I Through hole DIP-28 Microchip PIC16C63A-04/SP Through hole DIP-28 SMD SOIC-8 Jameco 112299CL or equivalent Microchip 25LC640I/SN SMD Bourns TC33 Bourns TC33X-2-103E SERIES II, REV. I - Control System Vin Cond U101 D101 L101 L102 Vout 2 +5Vdc 1 Vin 5 On/Off Feedbk 4 F101 3 Gnd J101 Vin C101 C102 D102 C103 C104 J101 GND U102 L103 R101 Vout 1 Pin15LCD 3 Gnd C105 5 On/Off Feedbk 4 2 Vin C106 D103 BK LT J102 CTRL SELECT BkLtCtrl U103 IN J101 Vcoupler OUT COM C107 C108 J101 GND +5Vdc VR101 U104 P8 P7 P6 P5 P1 P2 P3 P4 +5Vdc C109 R102 Pin3LCD C110 R103 A. Sivacoe SERIES II: Control System Rev ID Power Supply Section Date: March 28, 2005 Page: 1 of 1 SERIES II, REV. I - Control System +5Vdc R104 PWR In J103 R105 R106 R107 R108 U105 J104 P1 P2 P3 P4 P8 P7 P6 P5 VW uPC PWR uPC VW In J103 2 R109 NAV In J104 +5Vdc R110 R111 +5Vdc R112 R113 NC(RC6) SEL In R114 J103 4 U106 J104 4 P1 P2 P3 P4 P8 P7 P6 P5 PIN17uPC RES uPC RES In J103 3 R115 +5Vdc J104 5 Ground J103 5 J104 3 BZ101 +5Vdc J105 Buzzer R116 Buzzer delete Q101 +5Vdc J106 +5Vdc J107 Rly. COM J107 K101 D104 Rly. N/O J107 Rly. N/C R117 Rly.Ctrl Q102 A. Sivacoe SERIES II: Control System Rev ID Interface Section Date: March 21, 2005 Page: 1 of 1 SERIES II, REV. I - Control System U107 4/4 13 + 12 F102 J108 R118 D105 14 Isoltd 8 11 Analog 8 C111 For U7 R119 U107 3/4 10 + Isoltd 7 2 + Isoltd 6 F103 J108 11 Analog 7 R120 D106 R121 U107 1/4 F104 J108 11 Analog 6 R122 D107 R123 J108 L105 Analog 5 +5V J108 C112 Analog 4 C113 U108 4/4 13 + 12 14 Isoltd 4 9 + 10 Isoltd 3 2 + Isoltd 2 6 + Isoltd 1 11 R124 VR102 Low Threshold Adjust F105 R125 RFL L106 D108 11 Analog 3 J108 3 U108 3/4 C114 C115 C116 VR103 J108 2 F106 R127 FWD L107 D109 11 Analog 2 C117 C118 C119 VR104 PSU 11 L108 Vin Cond U108 2/4 R128 F107 U108 1/4 R126 R129 J108 C120 C121 VR105 Analog 1 R130 A. Sivacoe Series II: Control System Rev ID Analog Input Section Date: March 21, 2005 Page: 1 of 1 SERIES II, REV. I - Control System +5Vdc PSU L109 Isoltd 1 C122 FWD C123 C124 R131 L110 RFL C126 L111 C127 L112 C128 C130 Low Thresh C131 C129 Isoltd 3 C132 L113 U109 Isoltd 4 C133 C134 U110 C135 C136 C138 Isoltd 6 Vref Cref Vin1 AGND Vin2 Vin3 Vin4 Vin5 Vin6 Vin7 2 1 C125 Isoltd 2 Pin 3 on U109 is left unconnected on PCB Vdd ConvStart Dclk Din Dout RFS TFS DGND A0 Vin8 ConvStrt Dclk DfromUPC DtoUPC C137 Isoltd 7 C139 C140 For U110 C141 Isoltd 8 C142 A. Sivacoe Series II: Control System Rev ID Analog Conversion Section Date: March 21, 2005 Page: 1 of 1 5 U11: LCD control signals, LCD backlight control, and External interface outputs U12: LCD data bus (D0...D7) D0...D7 is text or instruction 14 13 U112 serial_out GND reset Qh(out_7) shift_clk Qg(out_7) latch_clk Qf(out_6) output_en Qe(out_5) serial_in Qd(out_4) Qa(out_1) Qc(out_3) Vcc Qb(out_2) Ext. PSU J110 Unbuf A Unbuf B U111 Unbuf C Unbuf D J109 serial_out GND reset Qh(out_7) shift_clk Qg(out_7) latch_clk Qf(out_6) output_en Qe(out_5) serial_in Qd(out_4) Qa(out_1) Qc(out_3) Vcc Qb(out_2) 12 11 Rev 10 15 Q103 LED K LED A LCD D0 LCD D1 LCD D2 LCD D3 LCD D4 LCD D5 LCD D6 LCD D7 LCD E LCD R/*W LCD RS LCD Vo LCD Vdd LCD Vss SERIES II, REV. I - Control System 16 Pin3LCD Pin15LCD BkLtCtrl +5Vdc C143 DfromUPC Dclk Latch1CS R132 Latch2CS R133 uPCPIN14 A. Sivacoe Series II: Control System ID LCD Section Date: March 2, 2005 Page: 1 of 1 SERIES II, REV. I - Control System Vcc U113 Reset Reset GND Vcc +5Vdc C144 C145 U114 Dclk DfromUPC DtoUPC Latch1CS Latch2CS Buzzer CR101 GND OSC1 OSC2 CONVST MCLR/Vpp RB7 RA0 RB6 RA1 RB5 RA2 RB4 RA3 RB3 RA4 RB2 RA5 RB1 Vss RB0/INT OSC1/CLKin Vdd OSC2/CLKout Vss RC0/T1CKI RC7/RX/CK RC1/CCP2 RC6/TX/CK RC2/CCP1 RC5/SD0 RC3/SCK/CL RC4/SDI/SDA Dig.Out1 Dig.Out2 Rly.Ctrl Dig.In 3 Dig.In 2 Dig.In 1 D110 R134 U115 Vcc *HOLD SCK SI *CS SO *WP Vss C146 C147 A. Sivacoe Series II: Control System Rev ID Microcontroller Section Date: March 2, 2005 Page: 1 of 1 Remote Port DB25 V- PSU GND OnOff RESET DC Supply red 18AWG V+ Series IIG Control PCB J1 2 Vin J1 1 Ground J1 3 Ground (unused) J1 4 +8Vdc J6 2 Pallet Disable blue J3 2 View Input J7 7 FWD in J7 6 RFL in J3 3 Reset J3 1 On/Off Input green J3 5 Ground to Switches J3 4 Fault Input red 22AWG green purple grey red 22AWG yellow orange RFL FWD RESET green VIEW Driver Pallet DB9 1 brown ON/OFF 8V GND Directional Coupler green purple CTRL DB9 GND FAULT ONOFF green brown STAR POINT GND Series II Control System Wiring Rev ID Date: June 29, 2005 Page: 1 of 1 Section VIII - Installation This section contains installation recommendations, unpacking, inspection, and installation instructions for the power amplifier. We are sure that you are chomping at the bit to install your new system, so we recommend that you read the following sections very carefully. Building Recommendations The quality of the building is of great importance if you are to expect long life and continued performance from the power amplifier. The building must be clean, dry, temperature controlled and secure. Don’t forget to allow space in the building for any additional racks to house test equipment, a workbench area, line regulating transformers, ladders, equipment and parts storage, first aid kit, emergency generator if used, as well as heating and cooling devices that may be unique to your installation. A sloping roof will tend to develop leaks less rapidly. The building should be well roofed with good material. The cooling load will be lowered with reflective or light colored roofing material. Technalogix Ltd. VIII-1 Heating and Cooling Requirements The environment’s temperature will contribute greatly to the length of the power amplifier’s life. Technalogix recommends that the building’s filtered air intake must have capacity for all air-flow in the building plus an additional 20%. Keep the intake below the roofline to avoid intake of solar heated air. Please ensure that the intake and exhaust areas are on the same side of the building to avoid pressure differentials during windy conditions. Also, do not position intake near exhaust’s preheated air. If air conditioning is required to cool the shelter, discuss the situation with a qualified HVAC technician. Under average conditions, 12,000 BTUs will cool approximately 500 square feet to a comfortable level. Technalogix Ltd. VIII-2 Electrical Service Recommendations Technalogix recommends that a qualified, licensed local electrician be consulted for the required electrical service. We suggest local electricians because: • The personnel knows the local codes • The personnel can be on site readily • You are apt to get better overall support if you give what business you can to local suppliers Technalogix recommends that proper AC line conditioning and surge suppression be provided on the primary AC input to the power amplifier. All electrical service should be installed with your national electrical code in your area, any applicable provincial or state codes, and good engineering practice. Special consideration should be given to lightning protection of all systems in view of the vulnerability of most transmitter or translator sites to lightning. Lightning arrestors are recommended in the service entrance. Straight and short grounds are recommended. The electrical serviced must be well grounded. Do not connect the unit to an open delta primary power supply, as voltage fluctuations could harm the unit. Branch your circuits. Do not allow your lights, your workbench plugs, and your transmitting or translating equipment to operate on one circuit breaker. Each transmitter or translator should have its own circuit breaker, so a failure in one does not shut off the whole installation. Technalogix Ltd. VIII-3 Antenna and Tower Recommendations Your preliminary engineering workgroup should establish your antenna and tower requirements, both for receiving and transmitting antennas. Construction of sturdy, high quality antenna/tower systems will pay off in terms of coverage of your service area, the overall quality and saleability of your radiated signal, and reduced maintenance expenses. Technalogix provides complete turnkey antenna systems if needed. If your site is serving as a translator, your receiving antenna should be in line of sight to the originating station all year round. The foliage will change with season. Transmitting antennas can enhance or seriously impair the transmitter/translator output. The selection, routing, and length of coaxial cable are extremely important in the installation. If there is a 3 dB line loss in the cable between your unit’s output and the transmitting antenna, a 100-watt unit will only deliver 50 watts to the antenna. Buy the best cable you can obtain, route it via the shortest way to the antenna, and keep it straight. Do not form it into sharp bends on its way. Do not use any more cable fittings for the installation than absolutely necessary. All cautions here apply equally to all coaxial cables in the system - input and output. Pay attention to radial ice accumulation when designing the transmission system. It is not uncommon for at least an inch of ice to build up on the tower and antenna. This in turn significantly increases the weight, cross section, and wind loading of the system. Attaching the transmission line to the tower is crucial to maintain a safe and reliable operation. Nylon wire ties and electrical tape will breakdown in the sunlight and ultimately fail, creating a potentially dangerous situation. It is important to use proper clamps and hoisting grips and also ensure that the transmission line is grounded to the tower in several locations. When high currents flow through the tower in the event of lightening strikes, some of that current will through the outer conductors of the transmission lines. Due to the resistance difference between the steel tower and copper transmission line, a significant voltage can be developed, often resulting in arcing between the outer jacket and outer conductor, thus pitting the conductor. Preventative maintenance is crucial in ensuring that safety is maintained. Specifically, check that transmission line grounds are tight and are not missing any hardware. Frequently inspect support clamps or spring hangers. Consider investing in an ice break, if you haven’t already done so, as shards of falling ice can damage the transmission line – and if it is going to happen, it will happen at an important time. Check the tower light photocells and conduit. The better-known tower manufacturers offer complete technical and safety documentation with their towers. Be sure that you have this information as it regards wind loading, guying, etc. The bestdesigned antenna system will function poorly if shortcuts and compromises are used during installation. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions exactly, along with any engineering data prepared for the site. Be absolutely safe and certain about this aspect as human lives may be at stake. Technalogix Ltd. VIII-4 Shelter Security The FCC requires that the transmitter or translator be secure from entry or control by unauthorized persons, and that any hazardous voltages or other dangers (including most tower bases) be protected by locks or fences as necessary to protect personnel and prevent unauthorized tampering or operation. Security of the building further implies that it be secure from wildlife. Use sturdy construction materials, including sheet metal if necessary. Holes around conduit, cable, and other similar entry points should be stuffed with steel wool and caulked to prevent entry of wildlife. Other features of security for your shelter may include its location with respect to the prevailing wind conditions. A location leeward of some natural topographical feature will prevent wind damage and snowdrifts. Check the soil runoff conditions that may slow or hasten wind or water erosion and other concerns that may be unique to your location. Technalogix Ltd. VIII-5 Unpacking and Inspection Check the outside of the container. Carefully open the container and remove the power amplifier. Retain all packing material that can be reassembled in the event that the equipment must be returned to the factory. Exercise care in handling equipment during inspection to prevent damage due to rough or careless handling. Visually inspect the enclosure of the power amplifier for damage that may have occurred during shipment. Check for evidence of water damage, bent or warped chassis, loose screws or nuts, or extraneous packing material in connectors or fan failures. Inspect all connectors for bent connector pins. If the equipment is damaged, a claim should be filed with the carrier once the extent of the damage is assessed. Technalogix cannot stress too strongly the importance of immediate careful inspection of the equipment and subsequent immediate filing of the necessary claims against the carrier if necessary. If possible, inspect the equipment in the presence of the delivery person. If the equipment is damaged, the carrier is your first area of recourse. If the equipment is damaged and must be returned to the factory, phone for a return authorization. Claims for loss or damage may not be withheld from any payment to Technalogix, nor may any payment due be withheld pending the outcome thereof. Technalogix cannot guarantee the carrier’s performance. Technalogix Ltd. VIII-6 Location and Function of Controls and Connectors (TAV-100 Power Amplifier) The following illustration depicts the location of the connectors when installing the 100-watt power amplifier (TAV-100). Technalogix Ltd. VIII-7 POWER - Tactile button to turn carriers on and off. To turn off, must be depressed for at least 2 seconds. Tied internally through DB9 connectors to all other POWER buttons. NAVIGATE - Tactile button to refresh screen after two minute screen saver times out. All monitoring and protection continues during screen saver. SELECT- Tactile button to refresh screen after two minute screen saver times out. All monitoring and protection continues during screen saver. RESET - Tactile button to reset microcontroller in control board. Also clears existing faults. Individual control board with reset comes back on with soft start feature. RF IN – RF input from modulator or processor. BNC connector, 50 ohm. RF OUT – 100-watt RF output. Connects to inline wattmeter (not supplied) and antenna. N connector, 50 ohm. REMOTE PORT - pin 1: ground to reset microcontroller, float otherwise pin 2: ground for 2 seconds to toggle carrier on/off, float otherwise pin 3: common ground pin 4: DC power supply sample (28Vdc nominal) AC IN – AC input to switching power supply. AC BREAKER – Resettable circuit breaker is used to protect against inrush currents and high current draw from switching power supply. The thermal circuit breaker is a single pole configuration. AC ON/OFF - AC rocker switch (SPST) to supply AC to the AC-DC switching power supply Technalogix Ltd. VIII-8 Initial Hook Up 1. Ensure that the antenna has been swept and has a return loss of greater than 20dB (VSWR = 1.2:1). This should be done before connecting the antenna cable to the transmitter output. 2. Check that your video source is present. 3. Place the transmitter/translator in its permanent location near a receptacle supplying required AC voltage. DO NOT APPLY AC POWER AND TURN ON POWER TO THE TRANSMITTER / TRANSLATOR AT THIS TIME SINCE THE RF OUTPUT MUST BE PROPERLY LOADED BEFORE OPERATION. 4. Place an appropriate AC power line protector, conditioner, and/or surge suppressor across the AC supply line. 5. Hook up the modulator or processor as shown in their respective manuals for a transmitter or translator. Do not connect the modulated signal from the RF OUT on the modulator or processor to RF IN on the power amplifier at this time. Because of the characteristics of LDMOS devices, the RF drive should not be connected to the power amplifier until after the power supply and bias voltages are present and stable. 6. Plug power amplifier into AC mains. 7. Switch AC rocker switch to “on” position. 8. Ensure that the audio modulation is set to 100% with the audio signal supplied, as described in the appropriate modulator/processor manual (will be factory set). 9. Ensure that the video modulation level is set to 87.5% with the video signal supplied, as described in the appropriate modulator/processor manual (will be factory set). 10. Connect the transmitting antenna cable to the RF OUT N-type connector on the power amplifier enclosure RF output. Technalogix Ltd. VIII-9 Section IX - Operating Procedure Assuming the previous installation instructions have been completed and cautions noted, and the TAV100 power amplifier is ready to receive a properly modulated video and audio signal, proceed with the following steps to place the system in operation. The TAV-100 power amplifier has been factory aligned for channel frequency (per system specification), signal levels and optimum performance. IT IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED THAT YOU RUN YOUR SYSTEM INTO A DUMMY LOAD BEFORE INSTALLING TO MAKE SURE THERE ARE NO DAMAGES CAUSED IN SHIPPING AND THE UNIT IS RUNNING PROPERLY 1. Do not apply RF drive signal to the power amplifier at this time. 2. Verify that all control and RF cables are tight and properly seated in or on the mating connector. 3. Plug the modulator or processor into AC mains. 4. Plug the 3U power amplifier enclosure into AC mains. 5. Switch AC rocker switch to “ON” position. 6. Verify that the power amplifier enclosure’s fan is on. 7. Ensure that the modulator/processor is turned on and set up according to its instructions. Depress the POWER tactile button to turn the unit on. 8. The internal soft start circuitry will turn the bias voltages off until the power supply to the amplifier pallets is fully stable. The message on the LCD indicates when the soft start is running. Once complete, the Forward and Reflected Power and Power Supply readings will appear on the LCD in the filter and power amplifier enclosures. 9. After the soft start is complete, apply the RF drive signal (which still should be turned down) between the modulator or processor and the power amplifier RF In. This ensures that the RF drive signal is applied only after the power supply is stable and the bias voltages are applied to the amplifier. IX-1 10. The TAV-100 LCD shows the user the present status of the amplifiers. Adjust RF output power to desired level (see Important RF Power Notice in previous section). Verify that the FWD Power reads 80 to 100 Watts on the filter enclosure - depending on signal content. The system is set up for 100 watts peak visual power using the sync and blanking signal and should read 100 watts FWD Power on the LCD under this condition only. The output power level can be adjusted using the modulator or processor’s RF output level adjust. Keep in mind that the system will shut down should the forward RF output power level be exceeded. 11. Ideally, the RFL Power should read zero. However, should a high VSWR be detected, the system will automatically shut down and cycle as previously described. This is also a peak wattage reading. 12. Verify that the power supply reads approximately 30 Volts DC (see supplied final inspection sheet for factory settings of power supply levels) on the LCD of the power amplifier. 13. Look at the transmitted output using a suitable monitor. The picture and sound quality should be clean and sharp. If the output picture and sound quality is unsatisfactory, check the input signals, connections to the antenna system, antenna and transmission line VSWR, and the physical condition of the antenna. If reception problems are encountered, and the quality of transmission is satisfactory, the difficulty is often with the receiving antenna or with obstructions in the path between the transmitter/translator and receiver. IX-2 Section X – Maintenance and Troubleshooting Periodic Maintenance If your unit employs a filter on the air inlet for the fans, the filter should be cleaned every 30 days. If the equipment is operated in a severe dust environment, the filters on the inlet fan may need to be cleaned more regularly. Turn the system off and unplug all of the AC inlet cords. The filter can be lifted off the fan and cleaned using an air compressor at low pressure. While the filter is out, clean the fan blades themselves with a small brush. The fans themselves do not need lubrication. The interior of the cabinets should be cleaned and inspected annually. Turn the system off and unplug all of the AC inlet cords. Remove the top lid by unscrewing the 6-32 machine screws. Use extreme caution when working near the AC input terminal. The power amplifier and power supply store hazardous capacitances and voltages. Using either compressed air or a brush with soft bristles, loosen accumulated dust and dirt and then vacuum the interior of the cabinet. Complete a visual inspection of the interior, making sure there are no loose connections or discolorations on any components from heat. Nothing inside the power amplifier enclosure exceeds a temperature that is not comfortable to the touch under normal operating conditions, so any signs of discoloration indicate potential damage. All modular components inside the enclosure are attached to aluminium mounting plates for easy removal and replacement. Ensure that plates are secured and the mounting hardware is tight. X-1 Troubleshooting The first and most important aspect of troubleshooting anything is to be systematic. Note where you have looked and what you found. Look first for the obvious. • Make a physical inspection of the entire facility. Are all necessary connections properly made? Do you see any signs of obvious damage within the equipment? • Is the AC power ‘ON’ to the site and the equipment? (Check fuses and circuit breakers if necessary.) • Are all the switches in the correct operating position? • Is the input signal present? • Check LCD readings for presence of forward and reflected power and 30 V DC supply levels. The above is an aid in determining the fault if some aspect of the system is not operating. The following table deals with quality of operation: Symptom Possible Fault Horizontal bars in picture (may roll either way depending on phase) AC grounding / AC interference Diagonal lines in picture Correction Install EMI/RFI filter in AC line Ensure modulator/processor and power amplifier share a common ground Install EMI/RFI filter in AC line Determine source and frequency of interfering signal (spectrum analyzer may be required) Interference X-2 Symptom Weak output or picture Possible Fault Low level input signal Low output power High reflected power Incorrect modulation depth Incorrect load X-3 Correction Verify presence and level of input signal Verify power amplifier output with wattmeter and dummy load Adjust to meet specification Ensure amplifier connected to transmission line Ensure correct antenna impedance (50 ohms) Check antenna tuning and VSWR. Verify correct cable for transmission line length Check all cables for visible damage (kinks, nicks or cuts) Check all connectors for poor connections, water or corrosion Check alignment of antenna Check for physical damage of antenna, including ice build-up Thank you for choosing Technalogix Ltd.
Source Exif Data:
File Type : PDF File Type Extension : pdf MIME Type : application/pdf PDF Version : 1.6 Linearized : No XMP Toolkit : 3.1-702 Create Date : 2004:09:28 09:04:09Z Creator Tool : All TV - Introduction.doc - Microsoft Word Modify Date : 2006:03:27 14:33:09-07:00 Metadata Date : 2006:03:27 14:33:09-07:00 Format : application/pdf Creator : Technalogix Title : All TV - Introduction.PDF Producer : Acrobat PDFWriter 4.05 for Windows NT Document ID : uuid:de80e30f-af87-4985-a0fe-99404f0f7dd4 Instance ID : uuid:a0d43b46-602f-46f0-8812-940867429e32 Has XFA : No Page Count : 54 Author : TechnalogixEXIF Metadata provided by EXIF.tools