Technalogix TXF50 FM Broadcast Transmitter, 50 Watts User Manual FM Manual 30 Sep 2014
Technalogix, Ltd. FM Broadcast Transmitter, 50 Watts FM Manual 30 Sep 2014
Users Manual
FM TRANSMITTER Introduction You’ve already unpacked it, haven’t you? You’ve unpacked it and plugged it in and turned it on and fiddled with the knobs. No? Okay, good. Please take a few minutes to read the manual and familiarize yourself with your new Technalogix FM power amplifier or transmitter. We believe that this user manual, the Quickstart package (Final Inspection Report, Wiring Hookup, and Block Diagram), and of course our equipment, should be everything you need to get on the air with a superb audio signal. We understand that a capable and confident user will get the most out of our product and we have made every attempt to educate readers of all technical levels. If there is something that is not clear, or you require further information, please do not hesitate to contact us and we’ll be glad to help out. Technalogix Ltd. #4, 8021 Edgar Industrial Place Red Deer, Alberta, Canada T4P 3R3 Phone: 403.347.5400 Fax: 403.347.7444 URL: www.technalogix.ca Email: technical@technalogix.ca sales@technalogix.ca All information that is specific to your unit is contained within the Quickstart package (Final Inspection Report, Wiring Hookup, and Block Diagram) included in the shipped equipment container. This Quickstart package summarizes performance specifications, provides wiring hookup details, and outlines specific components found in the system. We truly appreciate that you have chosen us as your RF equipment supplier. Happy transmission! Last Revised: 30-Sep-2014 2 Terms and Warranty This section is written as a general guide to keep all five fingers on your hand and is intended for those having previous knowledge and experience with these kinds of equipment. It is not intended to contain a complete statement of all safety precautions, which should be observed by personnel using this or other electronic equipment. Safeguards General Safeguards Installation Operation Control System Do not attempt to service this equipment yourself as opening or removing covers can result in a warm tingly feeling and will void the warranty. Refer all servicing to qualified service personnel. RF Components Servicing Power Supply To reduce the risk of fire or electric shock, do not expose this equipment to rain, moisture, or rye and sodas at the company Christmas party. Refer all servicing to qualified service personnel. Maintenance Environment 10 Troubleshooting Read, retain and follow instructions before operating the equipment. There is a lot of useful information in the manual, and besides, we spent a lot of time writing it! Principle of Operation Documentation There are three principle degrees of burns, recognizable as follows: a first-degree burn reddens the skin. a second-degree burn blisters the skin. a third degree burn chars the flesh and frequently places the victim in a state of shock accompanied by respiratory paralysis. Respiratory paralysis can cause death by suffocation within seconds. It is imperative that the approved methods of artificial respiration are initiated immediately and continue until the victim’s breathing is normal. A muscular spasm of unconsciousness may render the victim unable to break free of the electric power. If this is the case, turn the power off immediately. Do not touch the victim or you may share the same predicament! If the power cannot be turned off immediately, very carefully loop a dry rope, article of clothing, length of strong cloth or a rolled-up newspaper around the victim and pull the victim free of the power source. Carefully avoid touching the victim or clothing. Once free of the power source, the victim must be placed in a reclining position and covered with a blanket or newspapers to keep warm. At the first opportunity, enlist help in summoning a doctor. If a doctor cannot be summoned, transport the victim to the doctor or a hospital. Be sure the victim is kept well covered and warm while awaiting professional treatment. Terms and Warranty Principle of Operation Installation It is the duty of all personnel to be prepared to give adequate emergency first aid treatment and thereby prevent avoidable loss of life. Operation Control System Dangerous voltage may be present in equipment even though power is off. Do not open the cabinet. Refer servicing to qualified service personnel. RF Components Power Supply At all times, avoid placing any part of the body in series between ground and circuit points, whether power is on or off. Maintenance 10 Troubleshooting Personnel engaged in the installation, operation, maintenance, or servicing of electronic equipment are exposed to the hazard of high voltage. It is imperative that all safety regulations and precautions are consistently observed. Knowledge of first aid procedures is recommended. The following information is presented as a reference only. The user should ensure that they are trained in proper first aid and the necessary precautions, which may not be contained in this manual, are followed. Safeguards Safety and First Aid The radiated output power of this device is below the Industry Canada radio frequency exposure limits. The device should be used in such a manner that the potential for human contact during normal operation is minimized. Human proximity to the antenna should not be less than 20 cm (7.9”). La puissance de sortie rayonnée de cet appareil est inférieure aux limites d'exposition de radio de fréquence Industrie Canada. Le dispositif doit être utilisé de telle manière que le potentiel de contact humain pendant l'utilisation normale soit minimisé. La proximité humaine à l'antenne ne doit pas être inférieure à 20 cm (7.9”). Terms and Warranty Principle of Operation Installation Operation Control System RF Components Our FM equipment is designed to reliably generate a specific RF output power level. Failing to adhere to overdriven amplifier, high reflected power, and high temperature, and other warnings can decrease the reliability of your system, and frankly, makes our repair department busy and grumpy. If you need to transmit to a little larger coverage, you are better off increasing antenna gain, and more importantly, antenna height above average terrain. On FM broadcast frequencies, insufficient antenna height puts an upper limit on your range, regardless of power levels, as the distance from your antenna to the radio horizon is limited. Power Supply Operating Warnings Maintenance It is a known fact that our FM equipment enjoys 50-ohm load impedances. So much so, that it is imperative you maintain 50-ohm impedances throughout your system. In return, your equipment will provide you with maximum power transfer to the antenna and decreased reflected power heading back towards the amplifier pallets, reducing the amount of magic smoke that gets let out of the equipment. Before anything is turned on, ensure that there is a 50-ohm path from the output of each stage to the input of the next, all the way to the antenna. 10 Troubleshooting Load Impedance Safeguards Operating Safeguards 2 Terms and Warranty Principle of Operation Installation Sales by Technalogix Ltd. (“Seller”) are made only on terms which are contained in this policy. Seller hereby gives notice of its objection to any different/additional terms and conditions. All sales are expressly conditional upon Buyers’ assent to the terms and conditions set forth below. These terms and conditions may be modified/ supplemented only by written document signed by authorized representative of the Seller. These terms and conditions supersede any prior and/or contemporaneous agreements/correspondence between Buyer and Seller. Any order received and accepted by Seller shall be construed as acceptance of Seller’s offer to sell its products to the Buyer in accordance with terms and conditions of sale set forth herein. No waiver, whether express or implied, by Seller of any of the terms or conditions hereof shall be deemed a continuing waiver or trade custom between parties, but shall apply solely to the instance to which the waiver is directed. Safeguards Terms of Sale Taxes Prices for all products do not include any sales, use, excise or other taxes. Buyer agrees to pay all applicable taxes, duties and other fees on product and services ordered. If Buyer claims an exemption from any tax, Buyer shall submit to Seller the appropriate exemption certificates. Control System RF Components All prices are FOB shipping point and prices do not include freight, handling, and insurance. All prices published/quoted by Seller may be changed at any time without notice. Unless otherwise specified, written quotations expire 30 days from date issued and subject to change/termination by notice during this period. Power Supply Pricing Policy Maintenance All orders must be in writing and/or accompanied by a Purchase Order. A minimum down payment is required with all orders. No orders are considered an order until the payment has been made. Operation Ordering Information Shipping is the responsibility of the Buyer. This includes all freight, customs and brokerage charges, duties, and insurance. 10 Troubleshooting Shipping 2 Terms and Warranty Principle of Operation Installation Operation Control System RF Components Power Supply Purchase orders that have been accepted by Seller may not be changed/ cancelled, in whole or part, without written Seller consent. All changes must be included in change order reflecting purchase order and submitted to the Seller. All other changes will not be accepted/acknowledged. Changes may affect delivery dates. Expenses incurred because of changes shall be charged to Buyer. Buyer will be liable for Seller’s costs incurred, plus a reasonable profit, for the portion of work terminated, in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, together with cancellation charges. Orders for standard product may be changed by Buyer, with no penalty to Buyer, provided that Buyer provides Seller notification at least 30 days prior to scheduled ship date. Order changes received within 30 days of scheduled ship date may be subject to an order change charge; a schedule detailing these charges will be forwarded to Buyer when Buyer’s change order is acknowledged. In no event can any aspect of the order be changed after the product shipment has occurred. Custom orders may be cancelled by Buyer, provided that Buyer pays Seller for completed work allocated to Buyer’s order at time of termination of the work at selling price and all costs for work-in-progress and costs resulting from cancellation and reasonable profit therein. Specific cancellation charges dependent on the type of custom product ordered. A schedule detailing these charges will be forwarded to Buyer when Buyer’s cancellation fee of up to 100% of the order, depending on the stage of completion of the order at the date the cancellation or revised is accepted. Maintenance Changes and Cancellation 10 Troubleshooting Seller will provide credit terms to Buyer at its discretion. Such terms are subject to change at all times. If credit is provided, Seller will invoice Buyer on the date the product is ordered. Such invoices will be due and payable net thirty (30) days from the date of invoice, subject to credit is not established or maintained, terms shall be net cash on or prior to the Delivery Date. Seller reserves the right, at its sole discretion at any time to revoke any credit previously extended. Past due accounts shall be charged two percent (2%) per month, or the highest rate permitted by Alberta law, whichever is less, and will be added to the outstanding balance. In the event Buyer defaults on the payment, Buyer shall be liable for all collection costs, including reasonable attorney’s fees and costs. Non-payment of past due accounts will result in a lien against parts and all subsequent assemblies or products that our components are in. Goods remain the property of Seller until invoice is paid in full. Safeguards Terms of Payment Assignment Buyer shall not assign any duties nor assign any order or any interest therein without written consent of the Seller. Any such actual or attempted assignment shall entitle Seller to cancel the order upon written notice to the Buyer. Installation Seller assumes no obligation to install any product sold to place any products in working order at Buyer’s premises and not responsible for freight damage. Validity of Separate Clauses If any provisions of this agreement shall be held invalid, illegal, or unenforceable, the validity, legality or enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not be affected or impaired thereby. Terms and Warranty Principle of Operation Installation Operation Control System Seller shall not be liable for any loss or damage resulting from any delay in delivery or failure to deliver which is due to any cause beyond Seller’s control, including, without limitation, acts of nature, unavailability of supplies or sources of energy, riots, wars, fires, floods, epidemics, lockouts, strikes and slowdowns, delays in delivery by supplies, or acts or omissions of the Buyer. The Buyer shall be liable for stage charges, including but not limited to all third party costs and expenses incurred by Seller, in holding or storing products for the Buyer or at the Buyer’s request. RF Components Excusable Delay Power Supply Product return without written authorization by Seller will not be accepted. Returns accepted only with a valid Return Material Authorization (RMA). To receive authorization for product return, call Seller. There is a standard 25% restocking cost assessed on most returns. All returned products (non-repair) must be unused, and in original condition. No refund/credit given for damaged products. We do not accept postage-due/ C.O.D. packages at any time. Maintenance Returns 10 Troubleshooting Custom items are not returnable. Items other than “off the shelf” products are considered custom and are products/materials which have been altered, amended and customized to your order, and not resalable. Safeguards Custom Products Policy 2 Terms and Warranty Principle of Operation Installation Operation Control System RF Components Power Supply Maintenance 10 Troubleshooting Technalogix products have been completely tested and found to meet specifications and be in proper operating condition. Technalogix-manufactured products are warranted to be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of two years from the date of shipment. Products sold through, but not directly manufactured by Technalogix, carry the original manufacturer’s warranty. Seller will not be liable for damages of whatever nature arising out of or in connection with the equipment or its use thereof. Technalogix does not assume responsibility for injury or damage resulting from the practices of untrained or unqualified personnel in the handling of this equipment and does not include misuse, neglect or accident, incorrect wiring and/or improper installation, unauthorized repairs, modifications or use in violation of instructions issued by Seller, incidental or consequential damages as a result of any defect, reshipment cost or insurance of the unit or replacement units or parts, acts of nature, damages due to AC or DC power supplied by customer to power the equipment (see installation recommendation for surge protection), or acts of terrorism. Seller agrees, at our option, to remedy warranted defects or furnish a new part in exchange for any part of unit which, under normal installation, use and service, becomes defective. The user pays for transportation costs to and from repair facility. If you require on-site service, the cost to you will be $800.00 US per 8hour day plus air fare, meals, and transportation charges for personnel and equipment. Safeguards Warranty The RF amplifiers utilize readily available RF components wherever possible, thus enhancing the serviceability of the equipment. The amplifier modules are stable for high reliability and long service life and feature ultra linear amplification and individual channel RF output filtering, unless ordered otherwise. The Block Diagram is included with the Quickstart package to illustrate the specific component flow of the RF amplifier system and to provide specific configuration and model information. Terms and Warranty Principle of Operation Installation Operation Control System RF Components Technalogix manufactures FM amplifiers and transmission systems suitable for 87.5 to 108.0 MHz. Custom frequencies are available upon request if you require carriers outside this range, including audio for VHF applications and other unique requirements. Power Supply The amplification is accomplished by one or many amplifier pallets internal to the power amplifier system. If there is more than one amplifier pallet stage, then the first pallet acts as a driver feeding Intermediate Power Amplifiers (IPAs) and/or final stage pallets. If multiple final pallets are required, then a splitter and combiner are also required before and after the final stages. Maintenance The RF power amplifier is designed to take a modulated FM carrier from the Exciter (typically less than 30-watts depending on transmitter power level), and amplifies the carrier to a level that is suitable for transmission through an antenna, cavity, or alternative load. The power amplifier feeds this load through an inline wattmeter and transmission line. For broadcast and over-the-air amplifier systems, the pattern of the antenna then dictates the range and coverage area. 10 Troubleshooting The internal FM exciter found inside FM transmitter enclosures accepts analog, digital or MPX audio signals and modulates them onto an FM carrier. The analog signal can be either mono or stereo (both included as standard), while the digital inputs are accepted on AES3, S/PDIF optical (Toslink), or S/PDIF coaxial inputs. Also included on the Exciter circuit board are amplifier stages to increase the modulated level from a few dBm up to several watts. Safeguards Principle of Operation 2 Terms and Warranty This section contains installation recommendations, unpacking, inspection, and installation instructions for the power amplifier or transmitter. We are sure that you are chomping at the bit to install your new system, so we recommend that you read the following sections very carefully. Safeguards Installation Technalogix recommends that proper AC line conditioning and surge suppression be provided on the primary AC input to the power amplifier or transmitter. If DC is used as a source, a DC-DC converter is recommended to provide isolation between the supply and the load. All electrical service should be installed with your national electrical code in your area, any applicable provincial or state codes, and good engineering practice. Special consideration should be given to lightning protection of all systems in view of the vulnerability of many sites to lightning. Lightning arrestors are recommended in the service entrance. Gas Discharge Tubes (GDT) may help in preventing lightning, which was forecast for another day, from creating a bad day. Straight and short grounds are recommended. The electrical serviced must be well grounded. Do not connect the unit to an open delta primary power supply, as voltage fluctuations could harm the unit. Branch your circuits. Do not allow your lights, your workbench plugs, and your transmitting or translating equipment to operate on one circuit breaker. Each amplifier or transmitter should have its own circuit breaker, so a failure in one does not shut off the whole installation. Installation Operation Control System RF Components The personnel knows the local codes The personnel can be on site readily You are apt to get better overall support if you give what business you can to local suppliers Power Supply Technalogix recommends that a qualified, licensed local electrician be consulted for the required electrical service. We suggest local electricians because: Maintenance Electrical Service Recommendations 10 Troubleshooting The quality of the building is of great importance if you are to expect long life and continued performance from the power amplifier or transmitter. The building must be clean, dry, temperature controlled and secure. Don’t forget to allow space in the building for any additional racks to house test equipment, a workbench area, line regulating transformers, ladders, equipment and parts storage, first aid kit, emergency generator if used, as well as heating and cooling devices that may be unique to your installation. A beer fridge is optional. A sloping roof will tend to develop leaks less rapidly. The building should be well roofed with good material. The cooling load will be lowered with reflective or light colored roofing material. Principle of Operation Building Recommendations Preventative maintenance is crucial in ensuring that safety is maintained. Specifically, check that transmission line grounds are tight and are not missing any hardware. Frequently inspect support clamps or spring hangers. Consider investing in an ice break, if you haven’t already done so, as shards of falling ice can damage the transmission line – and if it is going to happen, it will happen at an important time. Check the tower light photocells and conduit. Safeguards Terms and Warranty Principle of Operation Installation Operation Control System Attaching the transmission line to the tower is crucial to maintain a safe and reliable operation. Nylon wire ties and electrical tape will breakdown in the sunlight and ultimately fail, creating a potentially dangerous situation. It is important to use proper clamps and hoisting grips and also ensure that the transmission line is grounded to the tower in several locations. When high currents flow through the tower in the event of lightning strikes, some of that current will flow through the outer conductors of the transmission lines. Due to the resistance difference between the steel tower and copper transmission line, a significant voltage can be developed, often resulting in arcing between the outer jacket and outer conductor, thus pitting the conductor. RF Components Pay attention to radial ice accumulation when designing the transmission system. It is not uncommon for at least an inch of ice to build up on a tower or antenna in some locations. This in turn significantly increases the weight, cross section, and wind loading of the system, not to mention creating issues from reflective power. Power Supply The selection, routing, and length of coaxial cable are extremely important in the installation. If there is a 3 dB line loss in the cable between your unit’s output and the transmitting antenna, the unit will only deliver half power. Buy the best cable you can obtain, route it via the shortest way to the antenna, and keep it straight. Do not form it into sharp bends on its way. Do not use any more cable fittings for the installation than absolutely necessary. All cautions here apply equally to all coaxial cables in the system - input and output. Maintenance Your preliminary engineering workgroup should establish your antenna and tower requirements, if applicable, both for receiving and transmitting antennas. Construction of sturdy, high quality antenna/tower systems will pay off in terms of coverage of your service area, the overall quality and saleability of your radiated signal, and reduced maintenance expenses. Technalogix provides complete turnkey antenna systems if needed. If your site is serving as a translator, your receiving antenna should be in line of sight to the originating station all year round. The foliage will change with season. Transmitting antennas can enhance or seriously impair the amplifier or transmitter output. 10 Troubleshooting Antenna and Tower Recommendations (if applicable) 1 Safeguards Terms and Warranty The better-known tower manufacturers offer complete technical and safety documentation with their towers. Be sure that you have this information as it regards wind loading, guying, etc. The best-designed antenna system will function poorly if shortcuts and compromises are used during installation. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions exactly, along with any engineering data prepared for the site. Be absolutely safe and certain about this aspect as human lives may be at stake. The fans internal to the enclosures help cool the components. The specific fan voltages and part numbers are listed in the Block Diagram included with the Quickstart package. Installation Operation Control System RF Components Power Supply The environment’s temperature will contribute greatly to the length of the power amplifier’s or transmitter’s life. Technalogix recommends that the building’s filtered air intake must have capacity for all air-flow in the building plus an additional 20%. Keep the intake below the roofline to avoid intake of solar heated air. Please ensure that the intake and exhaust areas are on the same side of the building to avoid pressure differentials during windy conditions. Also, do not position intake near exhaust’s preheated air. If air conditioning is required to cool the shelter, discuss the situation with a qualified HVAC technician. Under average conditions, 12,000 BTUs will cool approximately 500 square feet to a comfortable level. Maintenance Heating and Cooling Requirements 10 Troubleshooting The FCC requires that the equipment be secure from entry or control by unauthorized persons, and that any hazardous voltages or other dangers (including most tower bases) be protected by locks or fences as necessary to protect personnel and prevent unauthorized tampering or operation. Security of the building further implies that it be secure from wildlife. Use sturdy construction materials, including sheet metal if necessary. Holes around conduit, cable, and other similar entry points should be stuffed with steel wool and caulked to prevent entry of wildlife. Other features of security for your shelter may include its location with respect to the prevailing wind conditions. Locations leeward of some natural topographical feature will prevent wind damage and snowdrifts. Check the soil runoff conditions that may slow or hasten wind or water erosion and other concerns that may be unique to your location. Principle of Operation Shelter Security 1 Safeguards Terms and Warranty Principle of Operation Installation Operation Control System RF Components Visually inspect the enclosure of the power amplifier or transmitter for damage that may have occurred during shipment. Check for evidence of water damage, bent or warped chassis, loose screws or nuts, or extraneous packing material in connectors or fan failures. Inspect all connectors for bent connector pins. If the equipment is damaged, a claim should be filed with the carrier once the extent of the damage is assessed. Technalogix cannot stress too strongly the importance of immediate careful inspection of the equipment and subsequent immediate filing of the necessary claims against the carrier if necessary. If possible, inspect the equipment in the presence of the delivery person. If the equipment is damaged, the carrier is your first area of recourse. If the equipment is damaged and must be returned to the factory, phone for a return authorization number. Claims for loss or damage may not be withheld from any payment to Technalogix, nor may any payment due be withheld pending the outcome thereof. Technalogix cannot guarantee the carrier’s performance. Power Supply Exercise care in handling equipment during inspection to prevent damage due to rough or careless handling. Maintenance Check the outside of the container. Carefully open the container and remove the power amplifier or transmitter and any accessories. Retain all packing material that can be reassembled in the event that the equipment must be returned to the factory. 10 Troubleshooting Unpacking and Inspection Parallel parameter interface (DB25 female) ETHERNET: Remote control and monitoring via Ethernet (RJ45 jack) SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) remote control and monitoring (RJ45) S/PDIF COAX: Digital audio input, Sony/Phillips Digital Interface, coaxial (RCA female) S/PDIF OPTICAL: Digital audio input, Sony/Phillips Digital Interface, optical (Toslink female) AES (digital): Digital audio input, AES/EBU professional audio interface (XLR female) LEFT (analog): Analog audio input, left channel, (XLR female) RIGHT (analog): Analog audio input, right channel, (XLR female). For Mono operation, use the Right input. MPX IN: External MPX input. Used when external stereo encoders or processors present. (BNC female) MPX OUT: MPX output signal from exciter. Used for external processing. (BNC female) SCA1/SCA2: Input connection from SCA generator or source, intended for 60 to 99 kHz. Typically modulated to 10%, or 7.5 kHz deviation. Installation REMOTE PORT: Operation Configuration and control of RBDS/RDS encoder in transmitter accomplished through RS232 (female) connector. Control System RBDS/RDS: RF Components FM modulated RF carrier output (N female or 7-16 DIN female) Power Supply RF OUT: Maintenance Single phase AC input to feed internal AC/DC switching power supplies. Check with factory as not all power supplies are universal 110/220V. 10 Troubleshooting AC IN: Principle of Operation Terms and Warranty Safeguards Panel Connections 5. Connect the transmitting antenna cable to the RF OUT female connector on the PA enclosure’s RF output. On units that have a separate filter or filter/power supply enclosure after the power amplifier enclosure, ensure to connect the transmitting antenna cable on the last enclosure in the chain to the RF Out and connect the RF coaxial between the power amplifier and the second enclosure in the chain. The system must be loaded into a 50-ohm load before any power is turned on for over-the-air systems. The Wiring Hookup is included in the Quickstart package included in shipping and visually summarizes the aforementioned information. Terms and Warranty Principle of Operation Installation Operation Control System RF Components 4. Install a lightning surge arrestor or Gas Discharge Tube (GDT) on the coax near the antenna to protect the amplifier. This small investment is highly recommended to protect the equipment from lightning (not covered by warranty). Power Supply 3. Place an appropriate AC or DC power line protector, conditioner, and/or surge suppressor across the supply line. This small investment is highly recommended to protect the equipment from power surges and spikes (not covered by warranty). Maintenance 2. Place the amplifier in its permanent location near a receptacle supplying the required AC or DC mains voltage. 10 Troubleshooting 1. Ensure that the antenna has been swept and, ideally, has a return loss of greater than 20dB (VSWR = 1.2:1). This should be done before connecting the antenna cable to the system’s output. The power amplifier’s control system allows the user to change the VSWR trip point up to a maximum level of 1.8:1, unless a custom VSWR protection system has been requested. Strive for the lowest possible return loss to maximize transmission distance and improve operating performance. Unless requested otherwise at the time of purchase, VSWR levels between the trip point set by the user and 1.8:1 (or custom VSWR trip point) will cause a fold back in power. VSWR levels past 1.8:1 (or custom VSWR trip point) will cause the system to shut down or fold back with attenuation to avoid damage. Safeguards Initial Hook Up 1 Safeguards Terms and Warranty Principle of Operation Installation Operation Control System RF Components Power Supply At this stage, the system is set up and ready to do a preliminary start up, as outlined in the “Operating Procedure” section. Maintenance 7. Connect additional control/monitoring cables if desired. SNMP or Ethernet should be connected to the lower RJ45 on the back panel. Remote port connections are made to the DB25 connector and the internal RDS in controlled by RS232 on the DB9 connector. 10 Troubleshooting 6. Connect the desired audio source connection, analog mono or stereo, digital audio, or MPX. Subcarrier signals can be connected to the SCA1 or SCA2 BNC connectors. 4. Verify that the power amplifier fans are all on. The power amplifier fans are powered via DC voltage so this is an indication that the power supply is started and running. There may be fans installed in the filter or power supply enclosures, if applicable. 5. The internal soft start circuitry will turn the bias voltages off until the power supply to the amplifier pallets is fully stable. The front display indicates when the soft start is running with either a displayed message when an LCD option is installed or via maximum attenuation when a touch screen option is installed. Once complete, the Forward and Reflected Power, Power Supply, and Temperature readings will appear on the display. Deviation is shown on the FM screen. 6. Adjust RF output power on the power amplifier to about 10% of rated forward power. The output power level is adjusted from the power amplifier’s RF Levels screen. Then turn the carrier on, the Carrier On/Off is in the top right corner of the touch display on all screens. If the unit contains more than one final amplifier pallet (illustrated in your Block Diagram included in the Quickstart package), ensure that the final pallet currents on the multiple finals all match within 10% of each other. With multiple finals, the final pallet currents should always match within this range under all operating conditions. Front panel readings will vary slightly upon turn on. Steady state parameters can be taken after approximately one hour. Terms and Warranty Principle of Operation Installation Operation Control System 3. With the power amplifier loaded into the antenna, cavity, alternative load, or dummy load power up the amplifier by turning on power supply either via the ON/OFF switch on the back of the power amplifier. RF Components 2. Plug in the desired audio source: analog (left and right for stereo), digital or MPX. For mono audio use the Right XLR input. Power Supply 1. Verify that all control and RF cables are tight and properly seated in or on the mating connector. Maintenance IT IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED THAT YOU RUN YOUR SYSTEM INTO A DUMMY LOAD BEFORE INSTALLING TO MAKE SURE THERE ARE NO DAMAGES CAUSED IN SHIPPING AND THE UNIT IS RUNNING PROPERLY 10 Troubleshooting Assuming the previous installation instructions have been completed and cautions noted, and the power amplifier is ready to receive a properly modulated RF signal, proceed with the following steps to place the system in operation. The power amplifier has been factory aligned for a specific frequency (per system specification), signal levels and optimum performance. Safeguards Operating Procedure 11. Select the appropriate input from the FM Controls screen on the front panel. 12. Adjust the attenuation for the input if needed from the Audio Levels screen on the front panel. Check the modulation level on the main RF Display or FM display on the front panel. 13. After warm up, compare the temperature of the equipment from the front display to the temperature recorded in the final inspection sheet, included in shipping. Assuming ambient temperatures are close (our factory is typically around 18 to 25˚C), your temperature reading should be very close to the factory reading. Use your temperature measurement as a method to monitor fan performance (though on higher power units, fan current is also monitored). A fan failure or air blockage will show an increase in temperature, assuming ambient temperature is not varying. Safeguards Terms and Warranty Principle of Operation Installation Operation Control System 10. Look at the transmitted output using suitable test equipment. If the output quality is unsatisfactory, check the input signals, connections to the antenna system, antenna and transmission line VSWR, and the physical condition of the antenna. RF Components 9. Verify that the power supply reads correctly (see supplied final inspection sheet for factory settings of power supply levels) on the display of the power amplifier. You should see no more than 3% fluctuations in DC supply voltage, and even less with a properly conditioned AC source to the power supply. Power Supply Pease note that 100% should be the maximum FWD power. Typically, customers run the systems at 90% to avoid occasional AC power line spikes or transients from tripping the shutdowns. The difference of 10% will provide a marginal difference in range (tower height will have a much more significant effect on range in the case of over-the-air) or cavity excitation. Maintenance 8. Adjust RF output power on the power amplifier to desired level. The output power level can be adjusted from the power amplifier’s RF Levels screen. Keep in mind that the system will fold back or shut down (depending on severity) should the forward RF output power level exceed the trip overdrive point. 10 Troubleshooting 7. Ideally, the RFL Power should read zero. However, should a high VSWR be detected, the system will automatically fold back. Under normal conditions, a well installed and setup system should indicate RFL power less than 3% of FWD power. 1 Safeguards Terms and Warranty Principle of Operation Installation Operation Control System RF Components Power Supply Maintenance At this time, Technalogix recommends that you document your measurements to use as a reference over time. The measurements can be made either from the front display, or remotely via the Remote Port (DB25), Ethernet (lower RJ45), or SNMP (lower RJ45), whose operation is explained in the Monitor and Control System sections. 10 Troubleshooting For FM broadcast applications, if the quality of transmission is unsatisfactory, the difficulty is often with the receiving antenna or with obstructions in the path between the amplifier/antenna and receiver. There is also a troubleshooting section located later in this manual. 2 Terms and Warranty Principle of Operation Installation Operation Control System RF Components Power Supply The control system is comprised of three modules. These modules work together to provide all the functions of the control system and include: Display Interface, Exciter (in the case of a transmitter), and Temperature Sensor modules. The operation of each module is outlined in the following sections and illustrated in the following block diagram. Multiple revisions of the modules may be included. Specific revision numbers of the modules are listed on the Final Inspection Report included in the Quickstart Package and also in the Versions screen if the touchscreen option was ordered. Maintenance The control system is used for a variety of functions, the most important of which is ensuring that the amplifier or transmitter continues to operate in a safe manner. The control system also allows the user to monitor and control the amplifier or transmitter from both the front panel and remotely through the parallel port, Ethernet, or SNMP access port. 10 Troubleshooting Control System Overview Safeguards Monitor and Control System DISPLAY INTERFACE / OLED INTERFACE PANEL SWITCH INTERFACE MEMBRANE SWITCH REAL TIME CLOCK CHARACTER LCD DISPLAY INTERFACE +5V SWITCHING SUPPLY DC IN CONTRAST SUPPLY TOUCHSCREEN CAN INTERFACE EXTERNAL DC-DC CONVERTER DC OUT TEMPERATURE SENSOR TEMP SENSOR CAT5 SHUTDOWN INTERFACE RF SHUTDOWN CAT5 FM EXCITER TEMP AND SHUTDOWN INTERFACE CAN INTERFACE AUDIO IN SYSTEM MEASUREMENTS FAULT COMPARATORS RF TO GAIN STAGES AUD IO PROCESSING (FM) RF-TO-DC CONVERTER FWD RF SAMPLE FROM COUPLER RFL REMOTE PORT DB25 PARALLEL INTERFACE ETHERNET SNMP RJ45 INTERFACE Rev ID Adrenaline Block Diagram - FM Date: June 9, 2014 Page: 1 of 1 • • A block diagram of the Display Interface PCB follows: Safeguards Terms and Warranty Principle of Operation Installation Operation Control System • Forward (incident) power at the power amplifier or transmitter output. Reflected (reverse) power at the power amplifier or transmitter output. DC voltage of the power amplifier’s or transmitter’s power supply. DC current in the power amplifier or transmitter. Temperature of the heat sink of the power amplifier or transmitter. The time since the amplifier or transmitter was last shut down. History of faults and events. Indication if there is attenuation added to the front end of the power amplifier or transmitter indicating fold back in RF power (indicates amount of attenuation). Settings to change the VSWR trip point shutdown between 1.1:1 and 1.8:1. Settings to change the RF power units between % power (maximum of 110%) or watts. Summary of PCB modules and assembly numbers specific to the power amplifier or transmitter. RF Components • • • • • • • • Power Supply These components provide the user with the ability to monitor the following power amplifier or transmitter parameters from the front panel: Maintenance The primary function of the Display Interface module is, as the name suggests, providing the display and user interface for the control system. This circuit board is mounted behind the front panel of the power amplifier enclosure(s) in the amplifier system, near the 4.3” touchscreen or OLED display. All switch/settings and user interface is handled through the resistive touchscreen. The touchscreen on the front panel is connected to the Display Interface PCB through a cable. 10 Troubleshooting Display Interface Module REV 1.02 (ASY 016) Touchscreen Option 1 Safeguards Terms and Warranty Principle of Operation Installation Operation Control System RF Components Power Supply The fuses on the Display Interface are all resettable. F102 protects the +5V line while F101 protects the DC-DC converter, if installed. Maintenance Other elements of the Display Interface module are also controlled by the microcontroller. A buzzer (BZ101) and software status LED (D101), which flashes when the software / microcontroller is running, are all controlled through a buffer (U102). DC supply enters through connector J103, which powers the PCB and also the optional DC-DC converter (based around U111), if populated. The PCB voltage is regulated at +5V by U106 and associated circuitry. The touchscreen interfaces to the Display Interface via connector J107. 10 Troubleshooting The hardware of the Display Interface module is based around microcontroller (U101). This part interfaces directly with the touchscreen to provide output and receive input from the user. It also communicates with the RF board (and DC Distribution Module, if installed) over a Controller Area Network (CAN) bus. This communication is facilitated by U103, and passes through a CAT5 cable attached to connector J104 and J105. The communication link with the RF module allows the Display Interface Module to receive information about the forward power, reflected power, and temperature of the amplifier/transmitter, as well as relay commands from the user to the rest of the system. If the DC Distribution Module is installed (on higher power systems with multiple pallets), then the Display Interface receives DC currents from the DC Distribution via the same CAN bus. Bill of Materials - ASY 0016 (was ASY 016A) Circuit: Revision: Modified: Display Interface with DC-DC, with touchscreen 1.02 22-Nov-13 Item Designations Qty BIN # 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 PCB C114, C115 C122 C103 C123 C127 C108, C113, C121, C124, C131 C125, C126 C132 C128 C104, C105 C130 C120 R129, R130 R105 R134 R101, R103, R106, R110, R111, R116, R123 R102 R104 R124 R125 R127 R133 RN101 RN102 F101 F102 L101 L103 L104 D102, D103 D101 D105, D106 U102 U103 U106 U111 U109, U110 U105 U101 S101 C133 Y101 BZ101 L106 L102 C101 J103 J107 J101 J104 J103 PCB 0016 CAP 06802 CAP 10602 CAP 11503 CAP 13002 CAP 13802 CAP 14904 CAP 14904 CAP 15703 CAP 15902 CAP 17204 CAP 19603 CAP 22273 RES 2961 RES 3212 RES 3762 RES 4502 RES 4842 RES 5673 RES 6122 RES 6282 RES 6382 RES 6492 RES 4510 RES 5810 FUS 1651 FUS 1953 IND 0221 IND 0992 IND 5811 SEM 09005 SEM 09006 SEM 19005 ICT 10008 ICT 12017 ICT 48003 ICT 48026 ICT 36001 ICT 56002 ICT 32037 SWT 0001 CAP 24072 CLK 0011 AUD 0001 IND 4441 IND 4442 CAP 24014 CON 64502 CON 31530 CON 45024 CON 45020 CON 64503 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 Description Package PCB, Display Interface, revision 1.02, 0.62" FR4, 1oz finished CAPACITOR, 22pF, 50Vdc, ceramic CAPACITOR, 560pF, 50Vdc, ceramic CAPACITOR, 1000pF, 50Vdc, ceramic CAPACITOR, 2700pF, 50Vdc, ceramic CAPACITOR, 4700pF, 50Vdc, ceramic CAPACITOR, 0.01uF (10,000pF), 50Vdc, ceramic CAPACITOR, 0.01uF (10,000pF), 100Vdc, ceramic CAPACITOR, 0.022uF (22,000pF), 50V, ceramic CAPACITOR, 0.027uF (27nF), 50Vdc, ceramic CAPACITOR, 0.1uF (100nF), 25V, 10%, ceramic CAPACITOR, 1uF, 35Vdc, ceramic CAPACITOR, 10uF, 35V, tantalum RESISTOR, 60.4ohm, 1%, 1/8W RESISTOR, 100Ω, 1%, 1/8W RESISTOR, 300Ω, 1%, 1/8W SMD 0805 SMD 0603 SMD 0603 SMD 0603 SMD 0603 SMD 0603 SMD 0603 SMD 0603 SMD 0603 SMD 0603 SMD 0603 SMD 6032 SMD 0603 SMD 0805 SMD 0805 RESISTOR, 1.0kΩ, 1%, 1/8W SMD 0805 RESISTOR, 2.0kΩ, 1%, 1/8W RESISTOR, 8.2kΩ, 1%, 1/4W RESISTOR, 18.7kΩ, 1%, 1/8W RESISTOR, 25.5kΩ, 1%, 1/8W RESISTOR, 30.1kΩ, 1%, 1/8W RESISTOR, 37.4kΩ, 1%, 1/8W RESISTOR NETWORK, 1kΩ, 8-resistor, 10-pin, 1/16W RESISTOR NETWORK, 10kΩ, 8-resistor, 10-pin, 1/16W FUSE, 0.5A hold, resettable, polyswitch, 24V FUSE, 0.75A hold, resettable, polyswitch, 24V INDUCTOR, 0.01uH, 450mA, DCR=130mΩ INDUCTOR, 150nH, Imax=2.6A, DCR=0.024 omhs Inductor, common mode choke, 22uH, 200mA DIODE, LED, green, 2.2V, 16mcd DIODE, LED, orange, 2.0V, 6.3mcd DIODE, schottky, 100V, 1A, single IC, buffer, tri-state, quad, non-inv, 5V IC, CAN, transceiver, 5V, 1 driver, 1 receiver IC, regulator, 5.0V, 1A, simple switcher, 4.5-60V in IC, regulator, switcher, 75V, 1.5A, buck IC, optocoupler, dual, transistor output, 150mA per channel IC, supervisor, 4.50V threshold, open drain (no pullup) IC, microcontroller, flash, 16k X 16 (32KB) program, CAN, 40MHz SWITCH, DIP, 7-position, extended actuator CAPACITOR, 100uF, 10V, tantalum CRYSTAL, 7.3728MHz, 18pF, +/- 20ppm BUZZER, magnetic, 4-7V, 2.5kHz, 90dB INDUCTOR, 470uH +/- 10%, Irms=0.8A, DCR=0.820mΩ INDUCTOR, 470uH +/- 10%, Irms=2.6A, DCR=0.133mΩ CAPACITOR, 100uF, 63Vdc, electrolytic CONNECTOR, terminal block, 5-pos, receptacle, 0.2", 15A CONNECTOR, header, 10-pos, 1.25mm, R/A, SMD CONNECTOR, modular, jack, 6-6, vert, board lock, panel stops CONNECTOR, modular, jack, 8-8, vertical, shielded CONNECTOR, terminal block, 5-pos, plug, 0.2", 15A SMD 0805 SMD 1206 SMD 0805 SMD 0805 SMD 0805 SMD 0805 Panasonic EXB-A Panasonic EXB-A SMD 1812 SMD 1812 SMD 1210 SMD 1210 SMT ACT45B SMD 0603 SMD 0603 SMA TSSOP-14 SOIC-8 TO-263-5 TSSOP-16 SOIC-8 SOT-23 SOIC-28 SMT SMD 7343-31 EIA SMT SMT SMT SMT Panasonic VS G THT SMT THT THT The four level bars show real time system performance and help illustrate any transient changes that occur. Some of the units of measure can be adjusted in Settings Menu described later in this section. Summary Bar: The summary bar at the bottom of the screen will stay in place no matter what screen is being viewed to allow for an operating summary at any time, as described below: Terms and Warranty Power Supply Maintenance Forward RF power level in % or watts. Mimics data from level bar. Overdrive protection starts at 110% where the power amplifier/transmitter folds back power by adding attenuation to the input until a safe level obtained. System continually checks power level and tries to bring RF power level back to where it was when fault occurred. If overdrive occurs, a warning is displayed in red text near the top of the touchscreen and the event recorder logs the event. 10 Troubleshooting Toggles between Main Screens and Menu Screen for settings. The menu screen has additional settings and monitoring over the Main Screen, and is illustrated in the next section. RF Components Control System Level Bars: Principle of Operation For the Main RF and Main FM screen, there are three common components between each screen: Installation or Operation From each of the two main screens, the RF and the FM main screen, all of the system’s main parameters can be viewed at a quick glance. To toggle between these two screens, simply touch: Safeguards Main Screens 1 Safeguards Terms and Warranty Principle of Operation Installation Operation Control System RF Components Power Supply RF output power is determined largely in part by the amount of attenuation that the control system places on the input of the power amplifier/transmitter. Whether a fault occurs and attenuation gets added or the user requests a change in RF power level via the web/SNMP/Remote Port interface, the attenuation section of the summary bar conveys important operating information. If the user requests a change in forward power level via the web interface, SNMP monitoring and control, or simply via the Remote Port connector on the back of the enclosure, and an asterisk (*) is placed next to the attenuation value in the summary bar. This informs the user whether or not the attenuation was added due to a fault or simply because it was requested. Maintenance Temperature from sensor mounted on heat sink surface. Shutdown trip point is factory set at a predetermined level to keep the amplifier/transmitter pallets safe. Should a fan fail inside the power amplifier/transmitter enclosure, or air conditioning fails inside the broadcast facility causing the temperature to exceed the trip point, the control system will lower forward RF power until a safe level of measured temperature is achieved. The system will continually try and bring the RF power back to the same level when the fault occurred if it is safe to do so, a warning is displayed in red text near the top of the touchscreen, and the event recorder logs the event. 10 Troubleshooting Reflected RF power level in % or watts. Mimics data from level bar. The VSWR fault occurs when the measured VSWR of system exceeds the user-defined VSWR trip point found in the RF Levels Menu (described later in section). If VSWR exceeds the shutdown level, but is below 1.8:1 (or a custom VSWR protection point), then attenuation is added to the amplifier/transmitter input until a safe level is reached. If the measured VSWR exceeds 1.8:1 (or a custom VSWR trip point, then the RF carrier is turned off to protect the amplifier/transmitter chain. Then the system will continually check to see if it is safe to come back on. This scheme helps ensure that the system stays on air as long as possible before doing a complete shutdown. If high reflected occurs, a warning is displayed in red text near the top of the touchscreen and the event recorder logs the event. From any screen, the FM amplifier or transmitter carrier can be turned on or off to facilitate adjustments, settings, and testing/troubleshooting. To toggle carrier states, simply touch the switch icon: Safeguards Terms and Warranty RF Components Power Supply Maintenance If additional screens, details, and settings are required, several additional screens can be accessed through the SYSTEM SETTINGS button described later in this section. 10 Troubleshooting The same result occurs by turning on or off the system via the web or SNMP interface, or through controlling of the Remote Port. A quick beep from the on-board buzzer signifies that the response has been taken. The power supplies and fan will remain active while the carrier is turned off via this switch. Control System Operation Carrier Switch: Installation Principle of Operation The AGC sets the desired output power level. This is set on the RF Levels screen where it can be increased or decreased by +-1% or +-10% increments. The current AGC setting is shown in the RF Levels screen and on the bottom banner. The display can be changed to show in Watts rather than percent but the step size for setting the AGC will still be in increments of 1 or 10%. DC VOLTAGE: The switching power supply DC output voltage is displayed here. If additional screens, details, and settings are required, several additional screens can be accessed through the SYSTEM SETTINGS button described later in this section. RF Components Power Supply TEMPERATURE: The temperature is measured on top of the heatsink near the final transistors and displayed here. User can toggle between Celsius and Fahrenheit from the Settings Screen. In the event that this temperature exceeds the factory set trip point, the RF carrier level will fold back to protect the unit. Common causes for high temperatures can include failed internal fans or air conditioning in the broadcast facility or a blocked fan. Maintenance REFLECTED POWER: This is the power coming back in to the power amplifier or transmitter from the antenna or load, measured in watts or scaled percentage, depending on how the units are set in the Settings Screen). As there is no internal circulator or isolator installed within the enclosure, it is important to minimize VSWR with a good quality antenna installed using proper broadcast techniques. Ice build-up on the antenna and damages to 50 ohm transmission line can also generate damaging reflected power. 10 Troubleshooting FORWARD POWER: This is the power heading out of the power amplifier or transmitter to the antenna or load, measured in watts or scaled percentage, depending on how the units are set in the Settings Screen). Control System Operation Installation Principle of Operation Terms and Warranty The Main RF Screen summarizes key parameters for the RF carrier of the FM signal, as illustrated below: Safeguards Main RF Screen DC VOLTAGE: The switching power supply DC output voltage is displayed here. If additional screens, details, and settings are required, several additional screens can be accessed through the SYSTEM SETTINGS button described later in this section. RF Components Power Supply LEFT LEVEL: Left level bar represents the audio evel on the left audio input channel. Maintenance RIGHT LEVEL: Right level bar represents the audio level on the right audio input channel. 10 Troubleshooting DEVIATION: The maximum frequency excursion from the carrier center frequency is illustrated on this level bar. Typical maximum deviation, required by Industry Canada or FCC, is 75 kHz to avoid bleeding into adjacent channel bands of 200kHz bandwidths. 100% represents a full 75 kHz deviation. Control System Operation Installation Principle of Operation Terms and Warranty The Main FM Screen summarizes key parameters for the audio that resides on the RF carrier of the FM signal, as illustrated below: Safeguards Main FM Screen The individual menu screens will now be covered. RF Components Power Supply Maintenance While the user is in the sub menu screens (anything besides the Main Screens), full monitoring and protection is taking place. This means that as a user makes a change to a setting or parameter that jeopardizes the power amplifier or transmitter, the control system will provide protection, display the fault in red text near the top of the touchscreen, and stay in the current menu. 10 Troubleshooting Each of the menu icons on the Menu Screen allow the user to take additional readings or make settings that are not provided from the Main RF and FM Screens. Any changes to settings will be stored in non-volatile memory. Control System Operation Installation Principle of Operation Terms and Warranty The menu screen allows the user to dive into further details of the power amplifier or transmitter operation. Pressing the BACK TO MAIN button will toggle between the Main Screens and the Menu Screen. The Menu Screen is shown below: Safeguards Menu Screen 2 Terms and Warranty RF Components Power Supply Maintenance Press the up or down arrows (in either 1 or 10% increments or decrements) until the desired Forward RF level is reached. If the adjusted level exceeds 110%, the protection will kick in and the system will fold back the RF power to a safe level. There may be a residual amount of Forward RF power even at 0% setting, but it should be insignificant. 10 Troubleshooting To adjust Forward RF Level: Control System Operation Installation Principle of Operation This screen allows the user to change settings to the RF levels, including the Forward RF level (the reflected (VSWR) trip point is changed from the Settings screen. From the RF Levels screen, the user can also toggle between AGC and Manual mode. The RF Levels Screen is displayed below: Safeguards RF Levels Screen 7 RF Components Power Supply Maintenance If multiple amplifier pallets are included in the amplifier chain, then the individual currents will all be displayed in the Currents section of the screen. In the case of multiple pallets in the chain, typically the user should see matching of the final pallets to within approximately 10%. Anything outside this range is usually a sign that there may be an issue. Transistor device could be the culprit, or the tragic spilt-drink-on-amplifier incident. Our team would be glad to walk you through any troubleshooting issues or questions you may have. 10 Troubleshooting DC supply voltages are nominally 24, 30, or 48Vdc depending on the system. Readings of this voltage in the Power Supplies Screen, and on the summary bar at the bottom of the touchscreen, should not vary more than +/- 2%. Control System Operation Installation Principle of Operation Terms and Warranty This screen allows the user to view individual voltage and current readings. The Power Supplies Screen is displayed below: Safeguards Power Supplies Screen Input Impedance: When analog audio input is selected as a source, the user can adjust the input impedance of the exciter in the transmitter between 600 and 10k ohms. Terms and Warranty RF Components All Technalogix FM transmitters have a stereo encoder built in to the exciter circuit board. The user can switch between Mono and Stereo option by simply touching this icon on the touch screen. Power Supply Mono/Stereo: Maintenance As Technalogix FM transmitters include analog and digital audio inputs as standard, the user can change audio input sources on the fly and can switch between analog and digital audio sources. When digital audio is selected, the Mono/Stereo selection icon changes to allow selection between the various digital audio inputs (Toslink optical, coax, AES). 10 Troubleshooting Audio Source: Control System Operation Installation Principle of Operation The FM Controls Screen allows a user to setup audio inputs and FM settings. As fun as fooling around with the smallest screwdriver you own in the back of a dark rack sounds, all of these settings can be done from the front touch screen. Safeguards FM Controls Screen 1 Safeguards Terms and Warranty Principle of Operation Installation Operation Control System RF Components Pre-emphasis adds a boost to high frequencies in the FM signal to increase the signal above the noise floor. The FM signal then is de-emphasized at the radio receiver end. Users can change the amount of pre-emphasis to suit their location and receivers. A lower pre-emphasis, say 50 us versus 75 us, is a lighter boost, but also increases high frequency headroom. Setting the pre-emphasis to 0 us turn off the pre-emphasis. Standard North American preemphasis is set to 75 us on the transmitter side, while most of the rest of the world incorporates 50 us. Power Supply Pre-Emphasis: Maintenance With the exciter being agile, the user can change frequency from the front touch screen. The step size is 100 kHz. At the lower and upper frequency limits of the FM band, the frequency will wrap back around. 10 Troubleshooting Frequency: 2 Terms and Warranty Power Supply The events are recorded in non-volatile memory so they are safe in the event of a power outage or pesky lightning-strike-wins-fight-with-power-supply. Maintenance The user can clear the history screen by pressing the CLEAR HISTORY. Users will find this screen useful in correlating events in the power amplifier or transmitter with external events like weather and changes to the broadcast facility’s environment. 10 Troubleshooting Ten of the most recent events are displayed on the History Screen. As more events occur, the earliest recorded event gets displaced on the screen. RF Components Control System Operation Installation Principle of Operation The History Screen provides a summary of the most recent events that have occurred in the power amplifier or transmitter. An event can either be a fault or simply an action like turning on or off the carrier. The format of the History Screen is illustrated below: Safeguards History Screen 7 RF Components Power Supply Maintenance Attenuation levels of 100 dB indicate that attenuation is at maximum for that particular input signal. 10 Troubleshooting Step sizes will vary from 0.5 dB up to 2.0 dB depending on the current audio, MPX, and SCA input levels. Control System Operation Installation Principle of Operation Terms and Warranty The Audio Levels Screen allows the user to tweak audio input levels all from the front touch screen. Safeguards Audio Levels Screen 2 Terms and Warranty Principle of Operation Installation Operation Control System RF Components Power Supply Finally, general information is included in the Version Screen for users who may not be familiar with the equipment and do not want to venture into the dusty abyss behind the rack or cabinet searching for tiny ID tags. The Version Screen is illustrated below: Maintenance https://fjallfoss.fcc.gov/oetcf/eas/reports/GenericSearch.cfm (grantee code QH5) Ind. Canada: http://www.ic.gc.ca/app/sitt/reltel/srch/nwRdSrch.do?lang=eng (company 3803) FCC: 10 Troubleshooting The Version Screen contains no user-settable items, but is intended as an identification screen to the user. It also helps Technalogix maintain its unmatched service reputation by allowing our technicians and Service team to know exactly what versions of PCBs are inside a customer’s unit, even several years down the road. The versions can then be correlated to factory documentation. In addition, current government certification numbers are included for Industry Canada and FCC. Please contact Technalogix if you require copies of the actual grants, or visit: Safeguards Version Screen 2 Terms and Warranty Principle of Operation Installation Operation Control System RF Components Power Supply Maintenance If you are in the area, please feel free to stop by to tour the facility, test drive some state of the art products, or get a refresher on some training. 10 Troubleshooting The Contact Screen provides an easy means for the user to get in touch with Technalogix for anything. Whether they have a technical or installation question or simply want to chat about how gosh darn cool our equipment is, Technalogix welcomes questions, feedback, and contact. Safeguards Contact Screen 7 RF Components Similarly, the user can switch between watts or percentage for their RF power readings. When in percentage mode, the power amplifier or transmitter is designed for a maximum operating power of 100% with overdrive protection typically at 110%. Power Supply Pressing the DISPLAY ⁰ F button will convert all temperature readings to degrees Fahrenheit from Celsius (and vice versa). Temperature protection trip points are factory set. Control System Operation Installation Principle of Operation The Settings Screen allows the user to modify some of their preferences on how information is displayed on the touchscreen, as seen in the figure below: Terms and Warranty “You say tomato...” Safeguards Settings Screen Technalogix may have provided custom firmware with the amplifier or transmitter that may deviate from the above operation. Please consult factory for any clientordered custom settings. 10 Troubleshooting Use the up and down arrows to set the VSWR shutdown trip point to between 1.1:1 and the factory determined upper limit. If a measured VSWR is found above the set trip point, but below the factory determined upper limit, then the system will fold back the forward power to a safe level. If the measured VSWR exceeds the factory determined upper limit, then the carrier will be initially turned right off. Maintenance To change the VSWR Shutdown Trip Point: 1 Safeguards Terms and Warranty Principle of Operation Installation Operation Control System RF Components The following pages illustrate the schematics of the FM Exciter module. Power Supply Analog input can be balanced or unbalanced, though the former will provide a higher quality signal. Digital audio can be sourced from AES, S/PDIF optical (Toslink), or S/PDIF coaxial. Maintenance The FM Exciter module accepts analog and digital audio inputs, processes the audio, and then modulates the audio onto an FM carrier in the range of 87.5 to 108.0 MHz. This modulated signal is then fed into a small gain stage before passing the signal off to the final gain amplifier stage(s). 10 Troubleshooting FM Exciter Module REV 1.02 (ASY 0071) P0R14301 P0R14302 P0D1602 P0D1601 D16 R143 P0T108 P0R14201 P0T101 P0R14202 R145 P0C1302 P0J102 P0C1902 P0C1901 P0C2201 P0C2202 R137 P0L1001 R138 P0J1201 J13 C36 C47 P0C8802 P0Q50D P0L1701 P0L1702 P0Q50G P0R12001 P0R12002 J14 P0C12901 R128 P0R12802 P0R12801 P0C12602 C126 P0C12601 P0C12801 P0L2302 P0L2301 P0L2202 C128 R136 P0C4702P0C3602 P0C4701P0C3601 P0C4602P0C3202 P0L1002 P0C8702 P0C10001 P0C10002 P0C12302 P0C12301 P0R12102 P0R12101 J12 P0C8801 P0C6002 P0C6001 P0C5901 C110 R117 P0J1103 J11 P0R11101 P0R11201 R111 L17 R120 P0R12701 P0R12702 P0J501 J5 P0J500 C129 P0C12802 P0C12902 P0J1403 P0J1401 P0J1300 P0J1100 J10 P0C4601P0C3201 P0C4401 P0C5902 P0U1105 P0U1807 P0U1805 P0U807 P0U1603 P0R11102 P0R11202 L22 R127 R108 P0R10701 P0R10801 P0J1200 U25 R107 P0R10702 P0R10802 P0Q50S L23 P0J1202 P0J1101 C88 P0L2201 P0J1203 P0U2500 P0C13602 P0C13601 P0J101 P0Q101 P0Q103 P0R102 P0C402 R6 P0C4402 P0U15014 P0U15011 C112 P0C11202 P0C1201 P0R701 P0R702 P0R601 P0R602 R5 C42 R54 C86 C80 P0U1501 P0R9201 P0R9202 P0R8501 P0R8502 R84 P0R8402 R92 P0R8401 P0Q202 P0Q201 P0R8701 P0R8702 P0U1504 R87 C72 P0C7201 P0S200 P0C7102 P0C5802 P0C5701 P0C9902 P0C11501 P0C10402 S3 P0J1000 P0U2503 P0U2502 P0U2501 C136 R147 P0C10401 L7 P0L701 Q5 P0U1801 P0U1901 TP17 P0J1102 P0J1001 P0L1601 P0J1301 U24 P0R14701 P0J902 P0J1002 P0L702 P0U1803 U17 P0R14402 P0R14401 P0C13502 R144 C135 P0C13501 P0U2404 P0U2403 P0U2402 P0U2401 R146 P0J903 P0R14602 P0R14601 P0R14502 P0R14501 P0J800 P0J901 J9 R142 C93 P0C9302 P0C9301 P0J1402 P0T102 P0C9402 P0C9401 P0J1303 P0T107 C94 P0U906 P0U1806 U11 P0R9602 P0J1302 D17 P0R14101 P0R14102 P0D1702 P0D1701 R141 C87 U9 P0R13802 P0R13801 P0T103 P0C8701 P0R9601 L16 P0L201 C46 L10 C60 L4 P0C11001 P0C11002 P0R13901 P0R13902 J15 P0J15025 P0J15024 P0J15023 P0J15022 P0J15021 P0J15020 P0J15019 P0J15018 P0J15017 P0J15016 P0J15015 P0J15014 R121 P0T104 P0T106 R139 R96 P0L402 C123 P0R13502 P0R13501 P0J806 P0J805 P0J804 P0J803 P0J802 P0J801 P0J15013 P0J15012 P0J15011 P0J15010 P0J1509 P0J1508 P0J1507 P0J1506 P0J1505 P0J1504 P0J1503 P0J1502 P0J1501 P0T105 C59 P0R13702 P0R13701 R135 P0J808 P0J807 P0L501 P0C3502 P0C3501 L2 C32 P0U1802 P0U1702 U19 P0U2201P0U2208 P0U2202P0U2207 P0U2203P0U2206 P0U2204P0U2205 T1 P0U2405 P0U2406 P0U2407 P0U2408 P0J8010 P0J809 U15 R116 U22 R140 P0R14001 P0R14002 J8 P0C4502 P0C4501 C45 U18 U8 P0L202 P0L401 P0C4302 P0C4202 C43 P0C4301 C19 C22 L5 U16 P0R13601 P0R13602 C125 Q1 C44 C35 P0C11901 P0C11902 P0R11702 P0R11701 P0R11601 P0R11602 P0J1003 P0TP1601 TP16 C127 P0C4201 C119 P0C11801 P0C11802 C118 TP13 P0Q102 P0U1804 P0U1304 P0L1602 P0R11001 P0C11401P0R11002 P0C11502R110 P0C11402 P0TP1701 P0TP1201 TP12 P0R11502 P0R11501 C114 P0C11702 P0C11701 C116 R8 R7 U13 R115 P0C11302 C113 R119 P0R11901 P0R11902 P0TP1101 TP11 P0R1803 R45 P0U1407 P0U1406 P0U1405 P0U1404 P0C11201 P0U1403 P0U15013 P0U1508 P0U1509 P0U15010 P0U15012 P0U1402 P0U1401 C115 P0C11301 C109 C117 P0C11602 P0C11601 P0U14010 P0U14011 P0U14012 P0U14013 P0U14014 P0U14015 P0U14016 P0TP1301 P0TP901 P0U1201P0U1208 P0U1202P0U1207 P0U1203P0U1206 P0U1204P0U1205 C98P0C9801 P0C9901 P0C9802 R101 R100 P0R10002 P0R10001 P0R10102 P0R10101 U14P0U1409 P0U1408 P0C10901 P0C10902 C111 P0R501 P0R502 R3 R2 P0R1702 P0R4503P0R1701 R17 C20 C16 P0U2014 P0U2013 P0U2012 C17 P0U2011 P0U2010 P0U209 C18 P0U208 R28 P0U201 P0R2801 P0R2802 P0U202 R29 P0U203 P0R2901 P0R2902 P0U204 C41 P0C4102 P0U205 P0U206 P0R4501 P0U207 R16 P0R1601 P0R1602 R26 R44 P0R4301 P0R4302 P0R2501 P0R2502 P0R4401 P0R4402 P0R2601 P0R2602 R24 R42 R64 P0R6401 P0R6403 P0R9701 P0R9702 P0C7801 P0R6301 R97 P0R6303 P0R9501 P0R9503 P0R6201 P0R6203 R73 P0C7602 P0C7601 P0C7502 P0C7501 R74 C70 P0R4901 P0R4902 P0C5602 P0R5802 P0R5801 R80 P0R7902 P0R7901 C73 P0R8902 P0R8901 P0C6801 R88 P0R8801 P0R8802 P0R7101 C55 P0R7103 P0R9903 P0R9001 P0R9002 P0C8301 C69 P0R9902 R90 P0C6901 P0R9901 P0C11101 TP9 P0R1801 P0C1102 P0C501 P0C502 P0C1502 P0C1002 P0R4201 P0R4202 P0R2401 P0R2402 P0S100 R23 R34 P0C3402 P0C3401 P0R2301 P0R2302 P0R3401 P0R3402 P0R3301 P0R3302 P0R2201 P0R2202 R21 P0R3201 P0R3202 P0R2101 P0R2102 R32 P0R7002 P0R7001 P0R6902 P0R6901 P0R6802 P0R6801 P0JP702 P0JP703 P0C10801 C103 P0C10301 P0R101 C1 C2 P0C202 P0JP401 P0JP402 P0JP302 P0JP301 P0JP201 P0JP202 P0JP101 P0JP102 P0J400 P0C6301 S1 D1 P0L502 P0R1802 C99 U12 P0C11102 P0J8011 P0J600 TP8 P0C12502 P0C12501 P0C12702 P0C12701 P0J1500 R41 R40 P0TP801 D9 P0D902 P0C10802 P0D901 R130 R126 P0R12601 P0R12602 P0R13002 P0R13001 R122 P0U23016 P0U23015 P0U23014 P0U23013 P0U23012 P0U23011 P0U23010 P0U2309 C31 R99 P0R14702 P0J7018 P0J7017 P0J7016 P0J7015 C108 P0J900 P0J7010 P0J7013 P0J7011 P0J7012 P0J608 P0J709 P0J708 P0J707 P0J706 C133 J7 P0U2301 P0C13002 P0C13001 P0U2302 C132 P0U2303 P0C13202 P0C13201 P0U2304 P0C13301 P0C13302 P0U2305 P0U2306 P0C13402 P0J700 P0C13401 C134 P0U2307 P0U2308 P0R12901 C131 P0R12903 P0R12902 R129 P0C13102 P0C13101 P0TP1501 R133 P0R12401 P0R12402 P0R13302 P0R13301 R125 R134 P0R12501 P0R12502 P0R13402 P0R13401 L20 R124 L19 TP15 L21 P0L2101 P0L2102 TP14 P0TP1401 P0J705 P0J704 P0J703 P0J702 P0J701 P0J7014 P0J6012 P0J605 P0J602 P0L2002 P0R11801 P0R11802 D15 P0J607 P0JP805 P0L1902 F4 P0D1501 P0J601 P0J603 P0L2001 R131 P0R12201 P0R12202 P0R13102 P0R13101 R123 R132 P0R12301 P0R12302 P0R13202 P0R13201 R118 P0J6015 P0J6013 P0J6011 P0J609 P0JH300 P0R11301 C130 U23 P0J604 P0J606 P0JP804 JH3 P0F401 P0F402 P0C12102 P0C12402 P0C12202 P0F301 P0C12401 P0C12201P0F302 C122 C124 P0U2002 P0R10601 P0R10603 P0R10602 R109P0R10902 P0R10901 L18 P0R3502 P0R3501 P0R3602 P0R3601 JP7 P0JH3080 P0JH3078 P0JH3076 P0JH3074 P0JH3072 P0JH3070 P0JH3068 P0JH3066 P0JH3064 P0JH3062 P0JH3060 P0JH3058 R113 P0JH3056 P0JH3054 P0JH3052 P0R11302 P0JH3050 P0JH3048 P0JH3046 D13 P0D1302 P0D1301 P0JH3044 P0JH3042 P0JH3040 P0D1402 P0D1401 P0JH3038 D14 P0JH3036 P0JH3034 P0R11402 P0R11401 P0JH3032 P0JH3030 P0JH3028 R114 P0JH3026 P0JH3024 P0JH3022 P0JH3020 P0JH3018 P0JH3016 P0JH3014 P0JH3012 P0JH3010 P0JH308 P0JH306 P0JH304 P0JH302 P0D602 D6 P0L1802 P0C12101 P0D1502 P0JH3079 P0JH3077 P0JH3075 P0JH3073 P0JH3071 P0JH3069 P0JH3067 P0JH3065 P0JH3063 P0JH3061 P0JH3059 P0JH3057 P0JH3055 P0JH3053 P0JH3051 P0JH3049 P0JH3047 P0JH3045 P0JH3043 P0JH3041 P0JH3039 P0JH3037 P0JH3035 P0JH3033 P0JH3031 P0JH3029 P0JH3027 P0JH3025 P0JH3023 P0JH3021 P0JH3019 P0JH3017 P0JH3015 P0JH3013 P0JH3011 P0JH309 P0JH307 P0JH305 P0JH303 P0JH301 P0JP803 P0L1901 U21 P0J4010 P0J409 P0J408 P0J407 P0J406 P0J405 P0J404 P0J403 P0J402 P0C2902 P0J401 P0JP802 P0C9601 P0C9702 P0C9602 D10 D11 P0D1002 P0D1001 P0D1102 P0D1101 P0Q401 P0L1801 U20 P0R1302 P0R1301 P0JP801 P0D702 P0D701 D7 TP10 P0C10702 R106 D8 P0TP1001 P0D801 P0C10701P0D802 Q4 F3 P0R8601 P0R8603 JP8 L15 P0Q404 JH5 P0J6016 P0J6014 P0J6010 P0R1201 P0R1202 P0R1101 P0R1102 P0C5401 P0D601 P0TP401 P0C9701 C97 P0TP501 P0F202 P0C10601 P0C10602 P0Q403 TP5 C107 P0C10501 C106 C105 P0D301 P0D402 P0F201 P0C10202 P0C10201 C102 P0R10402 P0C10502 P0D302 P0R2002 P0C8201 P0L601 P0F101 P0C6701 P0D501 P0L602P0D502 P0F102P0C3702 P0C4801 R67 R61 P0C6601 F2 P0R10202 P0R10201 P0C10102 P0D1202 P0D1201 P0L1201 R86 R98 P0L1501 P0L1502 P0R10401 P0U1008 P0U1007 P0U1006 P0U1005 C121 P0C12001 C82 L12 U7 P0L1202 TP4 C96 U10 R104 P0R8602 C67 P0C6702 P0U704 P0U703 P0U702 P0U701 P0U705 P0U1009 P0C8101 P0C6302 L6 R102 R103 P0U2102 P0U2103 P0C8202 P0C8102 P0U1001 P0U1002 P0U1003 P0U1004 P0U2101 P0JH501 C89 R69 R70 C63 R68 C54 C33 R38 R25 C7 P0C701 P0C801 P0D101 P0C2101 P0C2102 C21 P0S300 P0C702 P0C802 C100 P0U2001 P0R6702 P0R6701 P0L301 P0L302 L3 P0C5402 R36 R37 P0C2801 C28 P0R1501R15 P0C2802 P0C3102 P0R3701 P0R3702 P0R3802 P0R3801 P0C3101 R39 P0R3901 P0R3902 P0R4001 P0R4002 P0R4101 P0R4102 Q3 P0C3301 U3 C34 P0R4502 C38 P0C3302 C39 C40 R43 P0Q203 P0Q303 R33 P0U306 R48P0C3801 P0C3902 P0C4002 P0C4001 P0U301 P0R4702 P0R4701 P0R4802 P0R4801 P0C3802 P0U404 P0U403P0C3901 R50P0R5001 Q2 P0R5002 P0R5101 P0R5102 P0R5202 P0R5201 P0U302 P0U305 P0R5302 P0R5301 R46 P0R4602 P0R4601 R47 R63 R62 P0C4101 P0R5402 P0U405 P0U402 P0U304 R51 P0Q301 P0Q302P0R5401 R52 P0C5202 P0C5201 P0U303 P0C5002 R53 P0U401P0C5001 P0R6402 C49P0U406 P0R6202 P0R6302 P0R5602 P0R5601 P0R5701 P0R5702 TP2 C52 C53 P0C5301 P0C5302 P0R5901R60P0R6002 U4 P0R6001 R59P0R5902 P0C5102 P0C5101 P0C5601 P0C4901 P0C4902 P0R7102 R56 R57 S2 P0C5502 C51 C56 TP3 C57 C58 R72 P0TP201 R71 R65 P0C5501 P0C5702 P0C5801P0R6502 P0TP301 P0U5014 P0R6501 P0R7201 P0R7202 P0U501 P0U502 P0U5013 R75 P0U503 P0U5012 R79 P0R7601 P0R7602 C65 R85 R76 C64 P0U504 P0U5011 P0C6402 P0C6401 P0C6501 P0C6502 P0C7202 R82 P0R8301 C68 P0U5010 P0R7501 P0R7502 P0R8302 P0R8001 P0U505 P0C7002 P0C6902 P0C7101 P0C7302 P0R8002 P0JP705 P0U506 P0U509 P0U508 P0C6802 P0L901 P0L902 P0R8202 P0R8201 R83 C71 U6 L11 C74P0U507 P0C7001 P0R8102 P0C7301 R89 C79 U5 R81P0R8101 L9 P0U601 P0U608 C77 P0L1101 P0L1102 P0JP704 P0U602 P0U607 P0C7401 P0C7402 P0C7901 P0C7902 P0U603 P0U606 P0C7701 P0TP701 C75 P0L1402 P0L1401P0R9502 P0C9502 P0C9501 P0U604 P0U605 C76 P0L1302 P0L1301 P0C8001 P0C8002 P0C7802 P0C7702 L14 TP7 C85 P0C8501 P0C8502 P0C8401 P0C8402 R95 P0R9101 P0R9102 L13 TP6 P0C8601 P0C8602 P0TP601 C84 R91 P0C9101 P0C9102P0C8302 P0C9002 P0C9001 C83 P0C9202 P0C9201 P0U1507 P0U1506 P0U1505 P0U1503 P0U1502 C91 C90 C92 P0C10302 C95 P0JP701 P0R3102 P0R3101 TP1 P0TP101 D5 R35 P0C2701 C27 R14 P0R1401 P0C2702 C8 C104 D12 P0U2003 J6 P0C6202 P0C6201 P0R5501 C81 R105 P0R10501 P0R10502 P0JH401 P0C12002 P0R9402 P0R9401 P0C10101 R93 R94 P0D401C30 R31 P0C3001 P0C3002 R22 P0R1502 P0C2601 P0C2602 C26 R18 J1 P0D102 C4 P0C401 P0R202 P0R201 U1 C3 P0C302 P0C301 P0U101 P0U1010 C5 P0U102 P0U109 P0U103 P0U108 P0R302 P0R301 P0U104 P0U107 P0R801 C11 P0U105 P0U106 P0C601 P0C602 P0C1301 C6 C13 P0C1101 P0C1202 P0R401 P0R402 P0L101 P0L102 P0R802 R4 P0C1602 P0C1701 L1 P0C1801 P0C1601 P0C1702 P0C1802 P0C2001 U2 P0C2002 C78 C101 P0R9302 P0R9301 L8 C29 P0C2901 D4 P0R6101 P0R6102 C61 C62 C66 P0C6602 R78 P0R7802 P0R7801 R77 P0R10301 P0R10302 P0JH201 P0R7702 C48 P0C4802 P0C8901 P0C8902 P0L801 P0R6602 P0C6102 P0C6101 P0R5503 P0R7701 F1 J4 R58 P0R6601 R20 C37 R13 P0R1402 P0C2501 C25 P0C2502 C50 P0L802 P0R5502 JH2 C120 C10 C15 P0C1501 R49 R55 JH4 C9 P0C1401 C14 D3 P0R9802 P0R9801 P0D202 P0D201 R27 P0R2701 P0R2702 P0R3002 P0R2001 D2 P0C3701 P0R3001 P0R1902 R19 P0R1901 P0JH101 R66 P0R1002 P0R1001 R10 R11 R12 P0R901 P0R903 P0C2301 C23 P0C2302 P0C2402 C24 P0C2401 R30 J3 P0C1001 P0R7401 P0R7402 J2 P0C901 P0R7302 P0R7301 JP5 P0J308 P0R902 R9 R1 C12 JP6 P0C102 P0C101 P0C201 JP4 P0J301 P0J202 P0J204 P0JP606 P0JP608 JP3 P0C1402 P0C902 P0JP506 P0JP508 JH1 P0J201 P0J203 P0JP607 JP2 P0J302 P0J303 P0J304 P0J305 P0J306 P0J307 P0JP505 P0JP507 P0J200 P0J300 P0J205 P0J206 P0J207 P0J208 P0JP601 P0JP602 P0JP603 P0JP604 P0JP605 P0JP501 P0JP502 P0JP503 P0JP504 P0JP500 P0JP600 JP1 P0J1400 R112 P0C13702 FM 1 C137 P0C14602 P0C14601 U29 P0C15701 P0C15601 P0C15902 P0C16502 R164 C156 R156 P0R15602 P0R15601 P0C16402 P0U2901 P0U2902 P0U3604 P0U2903 P0U3603 P0U2904 P0U3602 P0R16302 P0R16301 P0U3601 U30 P0C15602 P0U3101 P0U3102 P0U3103 P0U3104 P0C15901 P0U3001 P0U3002 P0U3003 P0R17202 P0R17201 P0U3004 C157 P0U2908 P0C14801 P0U2907 P0U2906 P0U2905 P0R15001 P0R15002 P0C15001 P0U3108 P0U3107 P0U3106 P0U3105 P0R15201 P0R15202 P0U3008 P0U3007 P0U3006 P0R15102 P0R15101 P0U3005 P0F501 P0L2902 P0L2901 R165 P0C18002 P0R17401 P0R17402 P0R18501 P0R18502 P0C15702 P0R17501 P0R17502 P0D1904 P0D1903 P0D1905 P0D1902 P0D1906 P0D1901 P0R17601 P0R17602 P0R16602 P0R16601 P0R16702 P0R16701 P0R16801 P0R16802 P0R16901 P0R16902 P0R17002 P0R17001 P0R17101 P0R17102 P0R17701 P0R17702 P0D2001 P0D2003 P0D2002 P0R17902 P0R17901 P0R18101 P0R18102 P0R18002 P0R18001 P0R17802 P0R17801 P0C16301 P0L3001 P0C17402P0L3002 P0R15801 P0R15802 P0R15702 P0R15701 P0C16002 C160 D19 P0C16001 75 P0C19502 P0U3605 P0U3606 P0D2301 P0C20701 P0C20702 P0U3607 P0U3608 P0C19401 P0C19402 P0Q601 P0D2302 P0Q604 P0C26502 P0C24302 P0C26501 P0C24301 P0L3902 P0C24002 P0L3901 P0C16802 P0Q603 P0C31101 P0L4202 P0L4201 P0L3701P0F602 P0U5804 P0U5803 P0U5802 P0U5801 P0U6404 P0U5805 P0U6403 P0U6402 P0U5806 P0U6401 P0U5807 P0U5808 P0C23601 P0F601 P0D2502 P0L3702 P0R25401 P0R25402 P0C36402 P0C36401 P0L5401 P0L5402 P0U7005 P0U7006 P0U7007 P0U7008 P0U6405 P0U6406 P0U6407 P0U6408 P0U7004 P0U7003 P0U6501 P0U7002 P0U6502 P0U7001 P0U6503 P0U6504 P0U6505 P0R28902 P0R28901 P0U6506 P0U6507 P0U6508 P0U6509 P0U65010 P0U65011 P0U65012 P0U65013 P0U65014 P0R26201 P0R26202 P0U4904 P0U4903 P0R22602 P0R22601 P0U4902 P0U4901 P0R24001 P0R24002 P0C21801 P0U65028 P0U65027 P0RN205 P0RN204 P0RN401 P0RN408 P0U65026 P0RN206 P0RN203 P0RN402 P0RN407 P0U65025 P0RN207 P0RN202 P0RN403 P0RN406 P0U65024 P0RN208 P0RN201 P0RN404 P0RN405 P0U65023 P0U65022 P0RN105 P0RN104 P0RN301 P0RN308 P0U65021 P0RN106 P0RN103 P0RN302 P0RN307 P0C21701 P0C21402 P0U65020 P0RN107 P0RN102 P0RN303 P0RN306 P0F701 P0U65019 P0RN108 P0RN101 P0RN304 P0RN305 P0C23701 P0U65018 P0C26701 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R305 R304 R303 R302 R301 P0C32702 P0C32701 R298 P0L4701 P0L4702 U72 P0R29901 P0R29902 P0U71021 P0U7108 P0C33002 R299 P0U6903 P0C32602 P0U71022 P0U7107 P0U7201 P0U72016 P0C33502 P0C33402 R311 C327 P0U7106 P0U71023 C336 R310 C333 P0R30802 P0R30801 P0R30702 P0R30701 P0C33202 P0C33201 C328 P0U71024 P0U7105 P0C32802P0U71025 P0U7202 P0U72015 P0R31101 P0R31102 P0F1002P0F902 P0F802 C338 P0C33501 P0C33401 P0U7104 P0R31002 P0R31001 C332 P0U6901 P0U6902 P0C33302 C337 P0C33702 R308 R307 U69 P0C33601 P0D3602 P0U7203 P0U72014 P0U71026 P0U7103 R314 C335 R313 R309 P0C33801 P0U71027 P0U7102 P0R30901 P0R30902 F8 F10 F9 P0U71028 P0U7101 P0U7204 P0U72013 P0C35002 P0R31301 C351 P0R31402 P0R31401 P0R31302 U70 C346P0C34502 P0C34501 D33 D32 D31 RN6 P0C34302 P0C34701 P0C34801 U71 P0C34202 P0C34102 P0U7205 P0U72012 L50 P0R31201 P0R31202 P0C35101 P0C35102 R312 P0C34902 P0C34901 R316 R315 U75 C345 C349 C341 P0R31902 P0R31901 P0C34402 P0U7206 P0U72011 U73 C342 P0L5002 P0L5001 C352 P0C35202 P0R31602 P0R31601 P0U7501 P0U75014 R319 P0D3601 P0C35402 P0C35401 P0R31801 P0R31802 P0U7207 P0U72010 R317 P0R31701 P0R31702 P0L4901 P0L4902 P0U7401 P0U74014 P0C35302 L54 P0U7402 P0U74013 P0U7502 P0U75013 C354 R318 P0U7208 P0U7209 L49 D36 P0U7403 P0U74012 P0C36102 P0C35702 P0C35701 P0C36201 C360P0U7503 P0U75012 P0U7404 P0U74011 C358 P0C36602 P0C36502 P0C35602 C357 P0U7405 P0U74010 P0R32101 P0R32102 P0C35902 P0C35802 P0C35801 C365 C364 R323 L52 P0C36002 P0C36001 L53 P0L5301 P0L5302 P0C36901 P0C36802 P0L5501 P0C37001 P0C36202 P0U7504 P0U75011 P0U7406 P0U7409 C356 R321 R325 P0U7407 P0U7408 P0C36501 C366 P0R32701 P0R32702 P0U7505 P0U75010 P0C36702 P0C36701 P0C36902 P0C37002 P0C37401 P0C37201 U74 P0R32802 P0R32801 P0R32601 P0R32602 P0R32501 P0R32502 P0C38102 P0C37502 C367 P0U7506 P0U7509 P0C37801 C370 R326 P0C37402 P0C37202 P0C37701 C381 P0C37101 R328 C375 P0U7507 P0U7508 P0R33001 R331 R332 P0R32901 P0R32902 C377 P0C37602 C373 C372 C371 P0C38002 P0C37902 P0C37802 P0R33002 R199 C340 C339 P0C34001 P0C33901 P0L4801 P0L4802 P0C33102 P0C33101 C331 P0C16202 C162 R168 D20 D18 R171 R169 C163 P0C16302 C166 R180 R181 R178 R179 L30 U32 R170 P0U3204 P0U3203 P0U3205 P0U3202 P0U3206 P0U3201 C175 P0C17502 R300 L48P0R30001 P0R30002 C146 P0F502 P0C14702 P0R15301 P0R15302 P0R15901 P0R15902 P0U2805 P0R16002P0U2801 P0U2802 P0U2803 P0U2804 P0R16101 L29 R159 R160 R161 P0C17702 P0C14002 P0C14001 P0C14402 C140 P0C14401 C151 P0C15302 C153 P0R16001 P0R16102 P0C15301 C177 P0L2602 P0L2601 P0L2502 L26 P0L2501 C148 P0C15202 U26 L25 P0L2402 P0L2403 C150 C152 P0C15201 P0U2608 P0U2607 P0U2606 P0U2605 R151 R152 R153 C141 C138 P0L2401 P0L2404 C139 P0C13901 P0C13902 P0C13802 P0C13801 C149 P0U2601 P0C14502P0U2602 P0C14102P0C14501P0U2603 C145 P0U2604 U27 P0U2701 P0U2708 P0U2702 P0U2707 C147 P0C14701 P0U2703 P0U2706 P0U2704 P0U2705 P0C15101 P0C14302 P0C14301 P0C14202 U28 L27 P0R16501 P0R16502 P0C15501 P0U3305 P0U3304 P0U3306 P0U3303 P0U3307 P0U3302 P0C15401 P0U3308 P0U3301 C142 L24 R149 P0R14901 P0R14902 P0R14802 P0R14801 R148 P0L2701 P0L2702 C143 P0C14101 P0L2801 P0L2802 L28 P0C15102 P0C14201 P0C13701 1 Safeguards Operation Control System RF Components Power Supply Maintenance In custom applications, there may be multiple temperature sensors installed onto a heatsink or throughout the system. 10 Troubleshooting The temperature sensor IC is U701 which, after it has taken a reading, relays the digital information to the RF PCB module through J700. Also passing through J700 is a driver disable signal coming from the RF PCB module. The Temperature Sensor module simply takes this signal and passes it through to a pad, where a wire connects it to the driver or first gain stage pallet. Installation Principle of Operation The Temperature Sensor module is a small board mounted to the main heatsink of the amplifier/transmitter. The main purpose of the temperature sensor module is to take temperature readings of the heatsink. The following is a block diagram of the Temperature Sensor module: Terms and Warranty Temperature Sensor Module REV 1.13 (ASY 0183) Bill of Materials - ASY 0183 Circuit: Temperature Sensor Revision: 1.13 Modified: 21-Jan-2014 Item Designations Qty Bin # U701 C707 C701 C702, C703 C700, C706 R701,R702 L700 J700 ICT 52000 CAP 08402 CAP 11502 CAP 14902 CAP 17202 RES 3212 IND 3176 CON 45021 PCB 0183 Description IC, temperture sensor, SPI CAPACITOR 100pF, 50V, 5% CAPACITOR, 1000pF, 50V CAPACITOR, 0.01uF, 50V CAPACITOR 0.1uF, 50V, 10% RESISTOR, 100 ohm, 1% INDUCTOR, 22 uH 5% 150MA 1210 CONNECTOR, modular, jack, 8-8 R/A, shielded PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD, FR4, 0.062" Package 8-MSOP SMD 0805 SMD 0805 SMD 0805 SMD 0805 SMD 0805 SMD 1210 The following pages will describe each step in detail. Descriptions specific to the user’s computer, router, or network setup are limited due to the differences in the multitude of networking equipment. 1. Connect Power Amplifier/Transmitter to your Network/PC The Adrenaline control system in the power amplifier or transmitter will source an internal IP from your router or you can set this manually (see Optimize User Parameter section). Safeguards Terms and Warranty Maintenance Turn on the power amplifier or transmitter to establish communication between the power amplifier and the network. 10 Troubleshooting If preferred in place of the touch screen, a computer can be plugged directly into the Ethernet port on the power amplifier/transmitter to directly access the on-board web interface. Power Supply RF Components Control System Connect an Ethernet cable from the RJ45 port (labelled ETH / SNMP – use bottom connector) on the back panel of the power amplifier or transmitter to your network’s Ethernet connection. Most new computers can do this with a standard Ethernet cable but older network cards may require a crossover Ethernet cable. Principle of Operation 1. Connect power amplifier/transmitter to your network/PC 2. Open web browser for monitor and control 3. Optimize user parameters Installation To access the Technalogix Adrenaline Web Interface, a series of four simple steps are required: Operation Web Interface After entering the above internal address into a web browser, you will be asked for a password. Initially, please use the following: username: password: admin admin The password can later be changed (see Optimize User Parameter section). Terms and Warranty Principle of Operation 2.1 Web Page Password Protection Installation The default internal address is http://adrenaline/index.htm. Type this default internal address into the URL address bar of your favorite web browser. The web pages cannot be accessed until you have established basic communication with the power amplifier or transmitter (turned on). Safeguards 2. Open web browser for monitor and control Control System RF Components Power Supply Maintenance 10 Troubleshooting After entering the login information, the main page is then shown on the browser, as illustrated below for either single amplifier systems or multiple amplifier systems that are combined: Operation 2.2 Main Page Description Forward RF Levels as a % of Full Scale (FS) Reflected RF Levels as a % of FS DC Supply Voltage in volts Temperature in °C Current of pallet(s) in Adc VSWR Trip Point Limit AGC measured against 100% FS Deviation Right Level/Left Level input attenuation Frequency in MHz Pre-Emphasis, selectable between 0, 25, 50, or 75 us Safeguards Terms and Warranty Principle of Operation Installation Operation Control System The Performance section provides the user with specific parameters and measurements in the system. Measurements that can be viewed from the Performance box are: RF Components RF Carrier is on or off Forward RF in Overdrive (>110% Full Scale (FS) ) High VSWR Pallet Voltage Supply Good RF In Level Good High Temperature Power Supply Maintenance The Status Flags section provides the user with feedback from the system. Specifically, there are status flags for: 10 Troubleshooting The model number and serial number of the unit are displayed in the top left of the browser screen. 1 Safeguards Terms and Warranty Principle of Operation Installation Operation Control System RF Components Power Supply Turn Carrier On/Off - Turn the Carrier on/off AGC - Increase the Carrier by removing attenuation (steps of 1 or 10 dB) VSWR ↑↓ - Increase or Decrease the VSWR Trip point by 0.1 between 1.1:1 and factory determined limit. Frequency ↑↓ - Increase or Decrease the FM carrier frequency (MHz) Analog/Digital – Toggle between analog or digital audio inputs Mono/Stereo – Toggle between mono or stereo Pre-Emphasis – Toggle between no added emphasis, or 25, 50, or 75 us emphasis Reset - Forces the system to reboot Maintenance 10 Troubleshooting The Control section of the web interface screen allows the user to control functions inside the equipment, including: Main – Returns to Main Index page Network Configuration SNMP Configuration Password Configuration The following sections describe the user parameter pages in detail. Terms and Warranty Principle of Operation Also on the main web Ethernet page, along the top, are links to the other user parameter pages: Safeguards 3. Optimize user parameters Operation Control System RF Components Power Supply Maintenance 10 Troubleshooting The Network Configuration page allows the administrator to optimize the network settings to best suit their application. Installation 3.1 Network Configuration http://yourcompany/index.htm 3.1.2 HTTP Port The HTTP Port shows the current port used for internet access, 80 or 81. Port 80 is the default and is the accepted standard. Port 81 is available because some internet providers block access to port 80 unless you pay more. Be very careful changing HTTP ports as it can be difficult to go back to an original port. Terms and Warranty For example entering YourCompany will make the web address: Principle of Operation The Host Name shows the current webpage name (default is ADRENALINE). Enter a new name here if you wish to change this. Safeguards Host Name Installation 3.1.1 With DHCP enabled the system will automatically try to find a router and acquire an IP address. If you want to set this manually, uncheck the Enable DHCP box and enter it below then click Save Config. To view the webpage from the internet rather than an internal network you need an external IP address, generally provided by your internet provider. Note that you can only have one web server using the same port. With this, anyone can access the system over the internet with something like: http://www.yourcompanywebaddress.com/adrenaline Control System RF Components IP Addressing Power Supply 3.1.3 Maintenance To use this with an internet address will require port forwarding. Consult your routers manual to set this up. 10 Troubleshooting http://adrenaline:81/index.htm Operation You can force a web browser to use port 81 by address to: 3.2.1 Safeguards 3.2 SNMP Configuration SNMP Communities Principle of Operation Installation Operation Control System private write public RF Components WRITE: Power Supply public read Maintenance READ: 10 Troubleshooting Default communities are Terms and Warranty The SNMP Configuration page allows you to set the SNMP communities. Set these to limit access to the system via SNMP. Right Attenuation MPX Attenuation SCA1 Attenuation SCA2 Attenuation Read and Write communities can be set from the web interface, as described earlier in this section. Terms and Warranty Principle of Operation Installation Operation Control System - 1 Reset System, 0 Normal - 1 Carrier On, 0 Carrier Off - 1 Increase Carrier Level for AGC target 1% - 1 Decrease Carrier Level for AGC target 1% - 1-8 for 1.1:1 – 1.8:1 - 880 – 1080 for 88.0 to 108.0 MHz - rotate through 0,25,50, and 75 - set target output power 0-100% rated power - 1 Analog audio input, 2 Digital audio input - 1 AES 2 SPDIF 3 TOSLINK - 1 Mono 2 Stereo 3 MPX - 0 – 79 dB Attenuation (shows 100dB when channel disabled) - 0 – 79 dB Attenuation (shows 100dB when channel disabled) - 0 – 79 dB Attenuation (shows 100dB when channel disabled) - 0 – 79 dB Attenuation - 0 – 79 dB Attenuation RF Components - error flag, also for trap (see below) - error flag for high VSWR - error flag for overdrive - error flag for high temperature - 0,25,50 or 75 us Power Supply Read/Write Reset Carrier On Carrier Up Carrier Down VSWR Trip point Frequency Change Preemphasis AGC Setpoint Analog/Digital Digital Input Analog Input Left Attenuation - voltage level (Vdc) - temperature in (°C) - current on high voltage bus (Adc) - attenuation level - reflected level as % rated full scale - forward level as % rated full scale - input level as % rated full scale - modulation level as % - left audio input level shown as dB - right audio input level shown as dB Maintenance Read Only Pallet Supply Voltage Temperature 48V Current Attenuation Reflected Level Forward Level RF Input Level Deviation Left Level Right Level Serial Number Model Number SNMP Error Flag VSWR Flag Overdrive Temperature Flag Preemphasis 10 Troubleshooting The Technalogix.mib file allows access to the following data via the SNMP protocol: Safeguards 3.2.2 SNMP Management Information Base (MIB) 2 Terms and Warranty Principle of Operation Installation Operation Control System RF Components Power Supply Maintenance Set enable traps to 1 (or yes, depending on MIB browser). Set the IP address to that of the receiving computer. Set the community to one of the read communities set above. 10 Troubleshooting To enable the SNMP traps, within the MIB browser that you choose: Safeguards 3.2.3 SNMP Traps 2 Terms and Warranty Principle of Operation Installation Operation Control System RF Components As an example, the following is a screen shot of a high temperature fault (Value 4). Power Supply Overdrive High VSWR High Temperature High Speed Hardware Shutdown High Input Level Maintenance Bit 0(LSB) Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 3 Bit 4(MSB) 10 Troubleshooting The system will generate a general trap on any error flag and send an 8-bit value indicating the type of error, as follows: Safeguards Ensure that your receiver’s port is set to 162 8 Power Supply Maintenance Passwords are to be a maximum of 7 characters long. Don’t forget your password. Resetting passwords isn’t as fun as it sounds and may cause loss of all settings. 10 Troubleshooting The User account allows access only to the main page. The Admin account allows access to the main and all the configuration pages. RF Components Control System Operation Installation Principle of Operation Terms and Warranty This page allows the setting of the web browser’s User or Admin password, as illustrated below. Safeguards 3.3 Password Configuration 3 Principle of Operation Terms and Warranty An additional option for remote control of the power amplifier/transmitter is through the DB25 connector found on the back panel of the power amplifier/transmitter, as illustrated below: Safeguards Remote Control (via DB25) Notes: 1. Analog output with voltage ranging from 0 to 3.3Vdc. 2. Open collector configuration on RF 1.04 and later. On RF 1.04 and later, ground to activate input control on inputs; ground indicates fault occurrence on fault outputs. On RF 1.03 and earlier, the inputs are TTL digital inputs, active on rising edge and the outputs are active high. 3. If AGC off, these pins turn on AGC to the current FWD level, +/- 1%. In addition to the DB25 parallel data connector, the user may chose to remotely control the RF amplifier/transmitter via an optional Ethernet web server or through an optional Simple Network Managed Protocol (SNMP) interface, described later in this section. Operation Control System RF Components Description Ground Forward power sample1 Reflected power sample1 Carrier off2 Carrier on2 Increase carrier level 1%, if AGC on 2 Decrease carrier level 1%, if AGC on 2 Do not use Reset 2 Do not use High temperature flag2 High VSWR flag2 Amplifier overdriven flag2 Do not use +3.3Vdc (for testing only, do not load) Ground Ground Do not use Power Supply 63 73 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18-25 Maintenance Pin Number 10 Troubleshooting The overall functions of each pin on the Remote Port are indicated in the following DB25 pinout: Installation Attach a male DB25 cable to this female connector 2 Terms and Warranty Principle of Operation Installation Operation The RBDS/RDS subcarrier level can be adjusted using R108 on the FM Exciter 1.01 circuit board. It should be set between 1.5 and 10% modulation. It is recommended to turn to 0% if not RBDS/RDS is not being used to provide the maximum available modulation for the audio signal. Control System General operating questions are answered here: http://www.pira.cz/rds/show.asp?art=magic_rds_how_to. RF Components To interface with the RBDS/RDS you need to install the Magic RDS software. Magic RDS software is found at http://www.pira.cz/rds/MagicRDS_Setup.exe. Power Supply To control the RBDS/RDS connect to the DB9 on the back of the unit using a RS232 connection. A USB-to-RS232 or Ethernet-to-RS232 convertor can be used instead (not included with transmitter). Maintenance RDS uses a subcarrier to embed the FM signal with information. This can be used to transmit time, station identification, programming information and more. 10 Troubleshooting Radio Broadcast Data System (RBDS) is commonly used for FM broadcast in North America, while the Radio Data System (RDS) is implemented in Europe. In 1998, the two standards were largely unified. Both systems are implemented as standard features on Technalogix FM transmitters, including the control, generator, and interface. Safeguards RBDS and RDS 1 Safeguards RF Components 25 dB 1050 W peak saturated at 50V 400 W 87.5 – 108.1 MHz 28 Adc 48 Vdc Minimum Pout max (FM) Frequency ID max VD 25 dB 1200 W peak saturated at 50V 87.5 – 108.1 MHz 32-36 Adc 32-50 Vdc PB1200F-86-110-574-49 Principle of Operation Installation Typical gain Pout max (FM) Pout max (DVB-T) Frequency ID max VD PB1200F-86-110-574-25 Operation 25 dB 1050 W peak saturated at 50V 400 W 87.5 – 108.1 MHz 28 Adc 48 Vdc Control System Typical gain Pout max (FM) Pout max (DVB-T) Frequency ID max VD PB1000F-88-108-188XR RF Components 21.5 dB 1 W peak sync 0.4 W rms 0.25 W 15 dBm 50 – 1000 MHz 0.47 Adc 24 Vdc Power Supply Typical gain Pout max (NTSC) Pout max (8VSB) Pout max (DVB-T) Pin max Frequency ID max VD Maintenance PB1A-50-1000-1042H 10 Troubleshooting The following is a summary of the typical FM amplifier pallets used in Technalogix power amplifiers and transmitters out of the many pallets that have been designed for production or custom applications. The exact bias and drain currents of your system are found in the Final Inspection Report supplied in the Quickstart package. Output power levels are absolute maximum levels. Technalogix operates the pallets at reduced levels to improve performance and increase reliability. Terms and Warranty FM Amplifier Pallets 40 dB 25 W rms 88 – 108 MHz 10 dBm 1.6 Adc 28 Vdc Typical gain Pout min (FM) Frequency Pin max ID typ VD 25 dB 1125 W (w/ 3.5 W input) 86 – 110 MHz 10 dBm 32 - 36 Adc 32 - 50 Vdc Terms and Warranty Typical gain Pout max (8VSB) Frequency Pin max ID max VD Safeguards PB25C-86-110-xxx 10 Troubleshooting Maintenance Power Supply RF Components Control System Operation Installation Principle of Operation PB1200C-86-110-574 2 Terms and Warranty Power Supply Maintenance 10 Troubleshooting 4-Way: RF Components Control System Operation Installation 2-, 3-Way: Principle of Operation If used, the splitter and combiner are used to split the RF signal into, and combine the amplified RF signal out of the final amplifier pallets, within an amplifier/transmitter enclosure. The splitter and combiner can be 2-, 3-, or 4-way depending on how many finals pallets are used. Most designs are based on the simple isolated Wilkinson combiner design. Due to its electrical and mechanical symmetry, the Wilkinson design’s performance over moderate bandwidths is superior to other types. Safeguards Splitter/Combiner Max Output Power Coupling Coupling variation Return Loss Directivity Environmental Conditions Connectors 41 – 100 MHz (option A) 162 – 254 MHz (option B) 470 – 862 MHz (option C) 20 kW DTV (30 kW ATV) -48 to -72 dB (on any channel) < ± 0.15 dB 162 – 254 MHz < ± 0.15 dB 470 – 862 MHz > 30 dB (VSWR < 1.07) > 30 dB -5 to + 55 °C (+ 23 to + 131 °F) EI A 1-5/ 8” or 3-1/ 8”(dependent on power level) Terms and Warranty Principle of Operation Control System RF Components Frequency Range Power Supply Return Loss Directivity Environmental Conditions Connectors Maintenance Max Output Power Coupling Coupling variation 41 – 100 MHz (option A) 162 – 254 MHz (option B) 470 – 862 MHz (option C) 2 kW DTV (3 kW ATV) -36 to -60 dB (on any channel) < ± 0.15 dB 162 – 254 MHz < ± 0.15 dB 470 – 862 MHz > 30 dB (VSWR < 1.07) > 30 dB -5 to + 55 °C (+ 23 to + 131 °F) N, 7-16DI N, EI A 7/ 8” (dependent on power level) 10 Troubleshooting Frequency Range Operation Installation The dual directional coupler provides RF samples proportional to forward and reflected RF power to be converted to DC voltages for monitoring. These analog voltages are converted for processing using analog-to-digital converters and provide the control system with valuable data for monitoring purposes. Output power should be set following the operating procedure found elsewhere in this manual. The directional coupler uses Type N connectors on lower power systems and 7-16 DIN connectors are used for increased power handling capability. Other connectors are available upon request – this connector is typically the RF output connector on the back panel of the enclosure. On higher power systems, high power handling connectors are used, especially in the overall output combiner. On lower power systems, the coupler is typically based on microstrip architecture on the exciter circuit board. Safeguards Directional Coupler Frequency Range Input Power (max) Insertion Loss (max) Insertion Loss (typ) Return Loss (max) Return Loss (typ) Rejection at 176 MHz 86 – 110 MHz 250 W continuous < 0.3 dB < 0.25 dB > 25 dB > 28 dB > -45 dB Frequency Range Input Power (max) Insertion Loss (max) Insertion Loss (typ) Return Loss (max) Return Loss (typ) Rejection at 176 MHz 86 – 110 MHz 800 W continuous < 0.25 dB < 0.2 dB > 25 dB > 28 dB > -60 dB Frequency Range Input Power (max) Insertion Loss (max) Insertion Loss (typ) Return Loss (max) Return Loss (typ) Rejection at 176 MHz Directivity (min) 86 – 110 MHz 1,200 W continuous < 0.2 dB < 0.15 dB > 25 dB > 30 dB > -47 dB 25 dB 250W LPF, no coupler Terms and Warranty 86 – 110 MHz 150 W continuous < 0.3 dB < 0.25 dB > 25 dB > 28 dB > -45 dB Principle of Operation Frequency Range Input Power (max) Insertion Loss (max) Insertion Loss (typ) Return Loss (max) Return Loss (typ) Rejection at 176 MHz Installation 150W LPF, no coupler Operation Our passive 50 ohm lowpass FM filters reject (and in some cases, absorb) spurious and harmonic output products and passes the modulated FM output carrier to the antenna or load. Safeguards Filter Frequency Range Input Power (max) Insertion Loss (typ) Return Loss (typ) Rejection at 176 MHz 87.5 - 108 MHz 1,500 W continuous < 0.1 dB > 30 dB > 10 dB return loss RF Components Power Supply Maintenance 1,500W LPF, absorbing, no coupler 10 Troubleshooting 1,200W LPF, with coupler Control System 800W LPF, no coupler 86 – 110 MHz 1,500 W continuous th 9 order Chebyshev < 0.2 dB < 0.15 dB > 25 dB > 30 dB > -47 dB 20 dB Terms and Warranty Frequency Range Input Power (max) Order Insertion Loss (max) Insertion Loss (typ) Return Loss (max) Return Loss (typ) Rejection at 176 MHz Directivity (min) Safeguards 1,500W LPF, with coupler 86 – 110 MHz 1,500 W continuous th 9 order Chebyshev < 0.12 dB < 0.1 dB > 28 dB > 33 dB > -47 dB 20 dB Frequency Range Input Power (max) Order Insertion Loss (max) Insertion Loss (typ) Return Loss (max) Return Loss (typ) Rejection at 176 MHz 86 – 110 MHz 2,000 W continuous th 9 order Chebyshev < 0.12 dB < 0.1 dB > 23 dB > 25 dB > -45 dB Frequency Range Input Power (max) Order Insertion Loss (max) Insertion Loss (typ) Return Loss (max) Return Loss (typ) Rejection at 176 MHz Directivity (min) MHz 3,600 W continuous th 9 order Chebyshev < dB < dB > dB > dB > dB > - dB Installation Frequency Range Input Power (max) Order Insertion Loss (max) Insertion Loss (typ) Return Loss (max) Return Loss (typ) Rejection at 176 MHz Directivity (min) Principle of Operation 1,500W LPF, with -50dB coupler Control System RF Components Power Supply Maintenance 10 Troubleshooting 3,600W LPF, with coupler Operation 2,000W LPF, no coupler 2 Terms and Warranty Principle of Operation Installation Operation Control System RF Components Power Supply The following is the switching power supply data sheet(s) used to convert the AC to DC for the internal amplifier or transmitter components. Maintenance AC is fed into the power supply enclosure via a filtered AC entry and then through a circuit breaker/switch. Specific AC current draw is documented in the Final Inspection Report supplied in the Quickstart package. AC is then converted to DC using one or more AC-DC switching power supplies. 10 Troubleshooting Switching AC-DC power supplies are used to power the amplifier pallets, the control circuits, and all of the fans. The DC system voltage is set at either 24, 30, or 48Vdc nominally, depending on the system. All fans run off this same DC supply. The specific DC system voltage is found in the Final Inspection Report, and the model and number of power supplies, is documented in the Block Diagram supplied in the Quickstart package. Safeguards Power Supply Components 150W Single Output with PFC Function 150W Single Output with PFC Function SP-150 series All modular components inside the enclosure are attached to aluminium mounting plates for easy removal and replacement. Ensure that plates are secured and the mounting hardware is tight. Terms and Warranty Principle of Operation Installation Operation Control System RF Components Using either compressed air or a brush with soft bristles, loosen accumulated dust and dirt and then vacuum the interior of the cabinet. Complete a visual inspection of the interior, making sure there are no loose connections or discolorations on any components from heat. Nothing inside the power amplifier or transmitter enclosure exceeds a temperature that is not comfortable to the touch under normal operating conditions (unless it is RF!), so any signs of discoloration indicate potential damage. Power Supply Use extreme caution when working near the AC input terminal. The power amplifier/transmitter and power supply store hazardous capacitances and voltages. Maintenance The interior of the cabinets should be cleaned and inspected annually. Turn the system off and unplug all of the AC inlet cords. Remove the top lid by unscrewing the 6-32 machine screws. 10 Troubleshooting If your unit employs a filter on the air inlet for the fans, the filter should be cleaned every 30 days. If the equipment is operated in a severe dust environment, the filters on the inlet fan may need to be cleaned more regularly. Turn the system off and unplug all of the AC inlet cords. The filter can be lifted off the fan and cleaned using an air compressor at low pressure. While the filter is out, clean the fan blades themselves with a small brush. The fans themselves do not need lubrication. Safeguards Maintenance Is the input signal present and at the correct level? Check display readings for presence of forward and reflected power and DC supply levels. The following flowcharts are an aid in determining the fault if some aspect of the system is not operating. Terms and Warranty Principle of Operation Are all the switches in the correct operating position? Installation Operation Is the AC power ‘ON’ to the site and the equipment? (Check fuses and circuit breakers if necessary.) Control System RF Components Make a physical inspection of the entire facility. Are all necessary connections properly made? Do you see any signs of obvious damage within the equipment? Power Supply Maintenance Look first for the obvious. 10 Troubleshooting The first and most important aspect of troubleshooting anything is to be systematic. Note where you have looked and what you found. Safeguards Troubleshooting AC-DC Power Supply (PSU) Troubleshooting Properly terminate PA into 50ohm load. Apply proper AC power to back panel (check if 110V or220V). Turn on AC rocker switch on back panel. Display on? YES NO AC breaker tripped? YES DC voltage on display correct? NO YES Display and PSU come back on? Reset circuit breaker on back panel. NO Turn off power from back panel. Remove lid of enclosure with power supply. AC voltage present on PSU input? YES NO NO DANGEROUS VOLTAGES INSIDE! Faulty AC connection, entry, switch, or breaker. YES DC voltage present on PSU output? YES Screen not displaying, but DC PSU voltage okay. Troubleshoot control system. NO Disconnect DC loads (tape off so they do not short out) to see if DC output loaded down. Proper DC voltage on PSU output? YES Pallet, fan, or control system loading PSU down. Troubleshoot control system or RF signal path. NO Bad PSU - magic smoke released. Replace PSU. NO Is PSU in shutdown mode? PSU is operating correctly. YES Remove shutdown conditions and reset the PSU. Last Updated: 12-Jul-2011 Control System (Adrenaline) Troubleshooting (1 of 2) Front panel membrane Buttons (if used) functioning? Display showing text and data accurately? YES NO NO Alternative button inputs on remote port working? Remote port working correctly? YES YES Membrane connected properly to PCB? YES NO Bad / loose membrane connector / wiring Is text / graphics readable? NO Goto page 2 of 2 NO NO Display pins / connector seated properly? YES Replace preprogrammed touchscreen or display Check cable that mates to DB25 panel connector DC or RF from dir. coupler correct? Is external equipment loading down 5V or 3V on port? YES FWD and RFL display data accurate? NO Type of modulation, A/V ratio, etc correct? YES YES AC-DC power supply output at proper voltage? YES YES Power external equipment from dedicated power supply NO Follow power supply troubleshooting guide Contact Technalogix for further information Contact Technalogix for further information YES PSU wiring inputs to control PCBs secure? YES Bad membrane switch or control PCB Contact Technalogix for further information Power supply display data accurate? NO RF or DC Distribution PCB issue Contact Technalogix for further information YES Contact Technalogix for further information DANGEROUS VOLTAGES INSIDE ENCLOSURE! Last Updated: 29-Aug-2011 Control System (Adrenaline) Troubleshooting (2 of 2) Ethernet interface functioning? YES SNMP interface functioning? YES Communication between PCBs working (CAN)? Contact Technalogix for any issues not listed YES NO Display Interface orange S/W LED flashing? NO Is FWD, RFL, or DC voltage displayed on screen? YES Display Int. not communicating with RF PCB. Check CAT5 cables Contact Technalogix for any issues not listed DANGEROUS VOLTAGES INSIDE ENCLOSURE! Last Updated: 29-Aug-2011 1 Safeguards Terms and Warranty Principle of Operation Control System RF Components Power Supply Maintenance 10 Troubleshooting If there is anything we can do to help in your success, please do not hesitate to contact us. We also welcome suggestions for product improvements or feature enhancements, as long as it is not a built in coffee maker. Operation Installation Thank you for choosing Technalogix Ltd.
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