Teledesign Systems TS4000A Modem User Manual 80835

Teledesign Systems Inc Modem 80835

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INTERTEK TESTING SERVICES - Menlo Park
Teledmign Radio Modem WI 3474 Transceiver Date of Test: ”2&3/98 & 7/6-8/98
Appendix F - Usels Manual
See attached.
This manual will be provided to the end-user with each unit sold/leased in me United States.
FCC ID: JWFI'SAOOOA 28 Repnrt I J98019482
TS4000
Radio Modem
User’s Manual
Verslon 4.006
June 1998
(i TELEDESIGN
SYSTEMS, lNC
1710 Zanker Road
San Jose, CA 95112—4215
(405) 435-1024
(300) ass-3574
(408) 435-0321 Fax
www.leledesignsys|ems.com
sales@teledesignsya|sms.com
support©1eledesignsyslems.com
corpcomm@leledssignsyslsm3.com
Copyright
Disclaimer
This document is copyrighted by Teledesign Systems Inc. with all rights reserved.
No part ol this document may be reproduced in any form without the prior written
consent ol Teledesign Systems Inc.
Copyright © 1995 - 1998 by Teledestgn Systems Inc. All rights reserved.
This manual has been thoroughiy reviewed Ior accuracy, and every etlort has
been made to ensure that the intermetion is accurate and complete. However,
ditterent versions oi this product have different features and capabilities, and this
manual reflects only one of those versions. Therefore. Teledesign Systems Inc.
assumes no responsibility tor errors, omissions or defects in this material, and
shall not be liable for any damages resulting from their use.
The information in this document is subject to change Without notice.
TELEDESIGN SYSTEMS INC. MAKES NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND WITH
RESPECT TO THIS DOCUMENT AND SOFTWARE, EITHER EXPRESSED OR
IMPLIEDl INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
FCC
Part 15
Part 90
Industry Canada
ICES-003
PISS-119
Notice
Safety Warning
Emissions
The TSAOOO has been tested and found to comply With the limits for a Class B
digital deVice, pursuant to Partts of the FCC rules (Code of Federal Regulations
47CFFi Part 15). Operation is subject to the condition that this device does not
cause harmful interference.
The TS4000 has been type accepted for operation by the FCC in accordance
with Fan 90 of the FCC rules (47CFFl Part 90). See the label on the unit for the
specific FCC ID and any other certification designations.
This Class B digital apparatus meets all requirements of the Canadian
Interference-Causing Equipment Regulations.
The TS4000 has been certified for operation by Industry Canada in accordance
with FtSS»119 and ass-210 of the Industry Canada rules. See the label on the
unit for the specific Industry Canada certification number and any other
certification designations.
Changes or modifications not expressly approved by Teledesign Systems Inc.
could void the user’s authority to operate this equipment.
Shielded cable must be used with this equipment in order to ensure that it meets
the emissions limits for which it was designed. It is the responsibility of the user
to obtain and use good quality shielded cables With this device. Shielded cables
are available from most retail and commercial suppliers of cables designed to
work with radio equipment and personal computer peripherals.
in order to ensure the safe operation of this radio equipment, the following
practices should be observed.
a DO NOT operate radio equipment near electrical blasting caps or in an
explosive atmosphere.
- DO NOT operate any radio transmitter unless all FlF connectors are secure
and any open connectors are properly terminated.
a DO NOT allow the antenna to come close to, or touch, the eyes, face, or any
exposed body parts while the radio is transmitting.
Emissions
Table of Contents
Emissions...
FCC
industry Canada
Notice
Salety Warning .
Table of Contents
Ts-moo Overview
Introduction
Features .
Radio Modules.
Frequency Band
Transmit Power....,
Channel Spacing and Bandwuﬂh.
Enclosure
Standard ..
Watemght.
Connections..
Serial Port ......
Antenna Connects
Power Connection
Mounting
Configuring the
Testing the TS4000...
Upgrading the T5400!) rmware
Status LEDs ...........................
ammmmouebwwmw
Conﬁguration Program .....
Using Help....
System Requlrement
Installation
T54000 to PC Ser I Port Connect on
Programming and Retrieving Configuratlon
Storing Co '
Diagnostic
mmwuﬂqqﬂ
Serial Port...
RS-232 Serial Port Basic
Connectors
DCE vs. DTE
Asynchronous Data
Flow Control .....
Serial Port Connector.
Signal Levels
Signal Options
Configuration Optlons
M-A—A-Aoooooc
Radio Setup”.
Configuration 0 one
Frequency Programming
Channel Switching...
_.
a)
Table of Contents iv
AirNet Packet Protoco
Overview .....
Configuratlon Options
Packet General
Packet for Port
Control and Status Str gs
Control Strings.
Status Strings ,.
Master-Slave System Setup
Setting Packet Timeout.
Data Packel Transmit Tlme
CSMA System Setup .....
Basic System - Setup Summary ......
System with Relays - Setup Summary
Setting Slot Tlme....
Setting Min Idle Slots
Setting Tx Index .....
Setting Packet Timeout
Data Packet Delay
Upgrading Firmware
Upgrading .....
Licenslng ..........
User‘s Llcens
Channel Spacing and Occupied Bandwidth .
USA (FCC)
International .
Manufacturer‘s License
USA (FCC) ......
Industry Canada
International
Service and Support.
Contacting Telede
Returning Equipment
Warranty
Appendix A - Serial Port
Standard Case .....
Serial Port 1 Pinout
Serial Port 2 PinouI
Watertight Case
Pinout...
Standard RS-232 Serial Port Pinout
Standard Usage at the PIS-232 Control
Signal Levels
Appendix B — ASCII Character Set........
Table cl Contents
Appendix C - Specifications
Appendix D - Case DImensions....
Appendix E - PCB Component Locations.
Appendix F - Internal Jumper B|ock......
Table of Cements
vi
Introduction
Features
TS4000 Overview
The TS4000 Radio Modern is an integrated radio and modem designed for the
wireless transmission of digital data, The TS4000 can transfer data at rates
greater than 19.200 bits per second. The TS4000 includes a synthesized VHF,
UHF or 900 MHz transceiver that can be programmed for up to 99 channels.
This product is ideally suited to OEMs and system integrators who require a
versatile radio modem in a single package. The TS4000 is configured with
Wll'ldOWS based PC configuration software.
Main Features
I High speed channel rates in excess oi 19.200 bits per second,
I Selectable operating modes for transparent and packet data operation.
I High efficiency switching voltage regulator provides a wide input voltage
range and uses minimum power regardless of the input voltage.
Provides addressed communications for devices that are not directly
addressable themselves.
Includes store-and-tonivard data repealing for wide area coverage.
Provides two individually configurable data ports.
Supports data activation (three wire) and HTS/CTS handshake protocols.
Includes powerful network diagnostics for non-intrusive monitoring of all radio
and data network functions.
Built-in bit error rate (BER) monitoring.
Configurable RF output power levels.
Programmable receive sensitivity level (squelch) for use on noisy channels.
Watertight case option for outdoor use and marine installations.
Flexible Data interface
I Two highly configurable user data serial ports.
I Primary port supports connection to virtually any asynchronous user deVlce.
I Secondary port used as diagnostics port. synchronous port, or separately
addressable packet data port,
I Full handshake and data activation modes supported on both ports.
I Data activation mode requires only receive and transmit data lines for full
communication with user device.
I Data rates from 300 to 38,400 baud,
I RS-232, FlS-485 or TTL signal levels.
Integrated RF Transceiver
I Synthesized transceivers cover VHF, UHF and 900 MHz bands.
I Programmable RF output power levels.
I Channel frequencies are stored in internal ﬂash memory and are selectable
on-the-fly using simple ASCII command strings.
Selectable Channel Protocols
I User selectable scrambling codes for private network communications.
I Optional Forward Error Correction (FEC) using block coding and interleaving
corrects channel induced errors.
I User selectable transparent or AirNet packet data transfer modes.
TS4000 Overview
Radio Modules
Frequency Bands
Transmit Power
Integrated AirNet Packet Data Protocol
I Allows user directed transmissions to only selected destinations.
I Provtdes addressed communications lor devices that are not directly
addressable themselves.
I Can be optimized for point to point, point to multi-point, and full mesh
networks.
I Supports group and all~cal| broadcast transmissions.
I Built in CSMA/CA algorithm minimizes transmission collisions to maximize
channel efficiency and utilization,
I individual TSAOOOs can be configured as store-and-fonivard data repeaters to
extend radio network coverage.
PC Configurable
I Windows based conﬁguration software provides quick setup and testing.
I Flash memory program storage allows for easy in field firmware upgrades.
Rugged and Reliable
I Optional watertight housing and connections designed to withstand abuse
from field and marine use.
I External interfaces protected against voltage transients, reverse polarity,
electrical shorts and high VSWR.
I Two year no nonsense warranty.
I Free technical support provided during all phases of installation and use.
The TS4000 consists internally of two modules; a modern module and a radio
module. The radio module has a number of options depending on the lrequency
of operation, transmit power, and channel spacing. It is important that the
TSAOOO is ordered with the correct radio module based on the operating
requirements,
The radio module of the TS4000 comes in various frequency bands including
VHF, UHF and 900 MHz. Within each of these bands, there are sub-bands that
define the speciﬁc lrequency range over which a particular radio module will
operate (i.e. 450 to 470 MHz).
For some of the frequency bands. there several options for the radio module
transmit power. The most common transmit power levels available are 2 watts
and 5 watts. The transmit power can be reduced from the maximum power with
the transmit power level setting control (See Radio Setup).
Transmit Duty Cycle
The transmit power of the radio module effects the maximum transmit duty cycle
that the TS4000 can be operated with. Transmit duty cycle is the percentage of
time that the modern is transmitting (i.e. 50 %). If the TS4000 is operated with too
high a transmit duty cycle, then the radio module may get too hot which can result
in damage. The maXimum sate transmit duty can be increased by either reducing
the maximum environmental temperature, adding a heat sink to Ihe back plate at
the TS4000, or reducing the transmit power output With the power level
conﬁguration control.
Power Amplifiers
If more transmit power is desired than the internal TS4000 radio module can
provide then an external power amplifier can be used to boost the power. For
connection to the TS4000 it is important that the power amplilier have automatic
TS4000 Overview
Channel Spacing and
Bandwidth
Enclosure
Standard
Watertight
power sensing to switch between receive and transmit modes. it is also important
that the power ampliﬁer has fast power sWitching so that the TS4000 transmit
attack time (amount of time to initiate a transmission) does not have to increased
excessively.
For some frequency bands, there are multiple options for the radio module
channel spacing and bandwidth.
Channel Spacing
The channel spacing deiines how close together the channels are within a band
(Le. 12.5 KHZ). To use channels with a certain channel spacing, the radio
module’s frequency synthesizer must be programmable to multiples or sub-
multiples ol the channel spacing. The T34000 radio module should be ordered
based on the channel spacing of the channels to be used.
Channel Bandwidth
The channel bandwidth is the amount at frequency spectrum that the radio
transmit Signal is allowed to occupy (Le. 16 KHz). This bandwidth must be
controlled in order to minimize the interference between users on adjacent
channels.
Transmit Channel Bandwidth
For the TS4000, the data rate and the type of modulation control the transmitted
channel bandwidth. Therefore, it is important that the TSAOOO ls setup so that its
transmitted bandwidth is less than that prescribed lor the channels being used
(See Radio Setup, Licensing).
Receive Channel Bandwidth
The receive litters of the TS4000 radio module are designed for a specific
channel bandwidth. The radio module should be ordered with a receive filter
bandwidth that matches the bandwidth oi the channels usedc
Note that if multiple channel bandwidths are to be used‘ then the radio module
should be ordered lor the channel with the highest channel bandwidth. This may
result in less than optimal performance on channels with narrower channel
bandwidths.
The TS4000 is available in either a standard or watertight enclosure (see
Appendix D » Case Dimensions).
The standard enclosure has four external connectors; an antenna connector, a
power connector and two serial port connectors.
The watertight enclosure is environmentally sealed and is designed to Withstand
dust, rain and water splashes.
Caut The watertight enclosure should not be submerged in water.
The watertight enclosure has two external connectors; an antenna connector and
an interlace connector that provides the serial port and power connections. The
interface connector is a 19 pin LEMO connector. The mating connector lor this is
a LEMO connector model it TBD.
TS4000 Overview
Connections
Serial Port
Antenna Connector
Power Connection
The T34000 has two serial ports that provide a data connection between the
TS4000 and the host equipment. The serial ports are standard FtS»232
asynchronous serial interfaces and are setup as DCEs. The serial ports provide
all the standard FtS-232 handshake lines. In addition, the TS4000 provides a
number of configuration options that allow the serial port line usage to be
customized lor different host equipment (see Serial Port Configuration Options).
Signal Levels
Serial port 1 can be configured for either RS—232 orTTL signal levels. To change
the signal level setting. the modern must be opened and the fourjumper plugs
next to the serial port connector moved to the desired position (See Appendix A -
Serial Port. Appendix E » PCB Component Locations. Appendix F - Internal
Jumper Block).
Standard Case
The serial port connectors are standard 9 pin subminiature D with female pins.
These ports can be mated to with standard PC serial cables. To minimize
emissions and interlerence, the serial cables used should be good quality
shielded cable (See Appendix A - Serial Port).
Watertight Case
The watertight case provides the serial port connections through a single sealed
interface connector (See Appendix A - Serial Port).
A variety ol antennas can be used with lhe TS4000, but it is important that the
antenna provides a 50 ohm load at the radios operational frequencies. In
addition, all cabling used with the antenna must be good quality coaxtal cable with
a 50 ohm characteristic impedance.
Caution: The modem should never be allowed to transm without an
antenna or dummy load attached to the antenna connecto
Standard Case
The standard case comes with a 50 ohm female BNC antenna connector.
Watertight Case
The watertight case comes with a 50 ohm female TNC antenna connector.
The TS4000 requires a DC supply voltage between 9 and 28 volts. Note that the
minimum supply voltage depends on the particular radio module in the TSAOOO.
in addition. the power (watts) used by the TS4000 also depends on the particular
radio module,
Switching Voltage Regulator
Internally, the TS4000 has a high etficiency switching voltage regulator (as
opposed to a linear voltage regulator). The switching regulator minimizes the
amount of powerthat the T54000 requires. Also, the power required (watts) is
independent of the input supply voltage.
T54000 Overview
Example:
Mounting
Configuring the
TS4000
Testing the TS4000
Power Supply Current
The power supply current required depends on the input voltage used. This can
be calculated with the following formula.
Max Power Supply Current (amps) = Max Power (watts) / Input Voltage
Max Power = 10 watts (The actual value depends on the particular radio module
in the Ts4000).
Power Supply Voltage : 20 volts
Max Power Supply Current = 10/20 = 05 amps
Standard Case
With the standard case power can be connected through either the power
connector or one of the serial port connectors. The power connector is a 2 pin
Molex Micro-Fit 3.0 (Model ft TBD) With pin TBD as ground and pin TBD as
power. See the Serial Port section for details on connecting power through the
serial ports.
Watertight Case
With the watertight case power is connected through the sealed interface
connector.
Fuses
The TS4000 has an internal 4 amp fuse for each of the three possible power
connections (See Appendix E - PCB Component Locations). The power source
used with the TS4000 should also be fused with an iri—Iine power fuse.
The preferred method of mounting the TS4000 is to use the mounting bracket
supplied with the modern. An alternative is to use the threaded mounting holes in
the bottom of the T84000 (see Appendix D - Case Dimensions).
The TS4000 is supplied with a windows based PC configuration program.
Configuring the TS4000 consists of configuring the modem operating parameters
and also configuring the frequency channels. Fordetails on how to load and start
the configuration program see Installation in the TS4000 Configuration Program
section.
Making selections with the controls on the various configuration screens sets a
configuration Once set, configurations can be programmed into the TS4000. In
addition, configurations can be retrieved from the TS4000. Configurations can
also be stored and recalled as PC tiles. Details about the configuration controls
are available later in this manual and in the on line help of the configuration
program.
Teledesign provides general—purpose wireless modem test software called
AirTest. AirTest can send data and gather performance statistics. including BER
(Bit Error Rate), about the link between two modems. AirTest can be started with
the AirTest button on the main screen of the configuration program (See Testing).
T84000 Overview
Upgrading the
TS4000 Firmware
Status LEDs
The T84000 comes with flash program memory that allows the ﬁrmware to be
easily upgraded in the field. Firmware is upgraded with the upgrade program
which is included as pait of the T5400!) configuration program. The upgrade
program is started with the Upgrade Firmware button on the main screen of the
configuration program (See Upgrading Firmware).
The TS4000 has three LED indicators to provide operational status at transmit
(TX), receive (RX) and power (PWFi) functions. Special combinations of these
indicators are used to indicate secondary operating modes and fault conditions.
Ts4uno State LEDs Indicator State
Normal Operation PWFl On when the TS4000 is powered.
FlX On when the TS4000 detects activity on the
radio channel.
TX On when the TS4DOO is transmitting
Program Mode RX, TX Both on continuously.
Reset RX, TX Flash together four times.
Although the reset indication takes about
four seconds to complete, the TS4000 is
iully operational when the ﬂashing
begins.
Transmit Test Mode TX Flashes for the duration of the test.
Invalid Frequency FIX, TX Alternateiy flash.
Chame' Fau" This lault occurs it the TS4000 is set for a
channel that does not have a valid
frequency programmed.
Transmit Buffer TX Flashes ten times Ior each occurrence.
Overflow
Fteoeive BuIIer FiX Flashes ten times for each occurrence.
Overﬂow
Diagnostics Fault PWR Flashes lor the duration of the lault.
In this mode the TS4000 has detected a
fault but continues to operate Operation
may be unreliable due to the fault.
The most common cause of this state is an
out of range power source. The source of
the fault can be diagnosed with the
configuration program (see TSAOOO
Configuration Program, Diagnostics).
Catastrophic Fault RX, TX Alternately flash until the fault is cleared and
the TS4DOO is reset.
in this mode the TS4000 has detected a
catastrophic fault and is non-operational
until the fault is corrected.
The source at the fault can be diagnosed
With the configuration program (see TS4000
Configuration Program. Diagnosticsi
TS4000 Overview
Using Help
System
Requirements
Installation
T5400!) to PC
Serial Port
Connection
Configuration Program
The configuration program is used to conﬁgure the TS4000 for operation.
Configuring the T34000 consists of independently configuring both the modern
operation and the radio frequency channels, The configuration program con5|sts
oi controls and menus. The controls set the configuration and test options. The
menus (line items at the top of the screen) execute program commands.
In addition to conliguring the TS4000, the configuration program provides access
to the AirTest wireless modem test software and the TS4000 ﬁrmware upgrade
program (see Testing, Upgrading Firmware).
The configuration program has online help that contains intormation on how to
use the program and also detailed information on specific controls and menus.
Help is accessed by selecting a command from the help menu, pressing the
question button or pressing the F1 key.
I Personal computer using a 486 or higher microprocessor (Pentium
recommended).
Microsoft Windows 3.1, Windows 95 or Windows NT 3.51 or later.
4 MB of RAM (16 MB recommended).
4 MB of available hard-disk space.
High-density (1.44 MB) 3.5” disk drive.
1) Put the ﬁrst installation disk into the PC.
2) Ftun the installation program (lnslallexe).
3) Foilow the instailation program instructions.
Serial Cable
To transfer configurations between the TS4000 and a PC, their serial ports must
be connected together. The serial cable used should be a standard straight
through (i.e. pin 1 to pin 1, pin 2 to pin 2, etc) serial cable. This is the same type
of cable used to connect a PC to a standard phone modem (See Serial Port).
Software Connection
Before conﬁgurations can be retrieved from and programmed into the TSAOOD the
configuration program must connect to the TS4000. To connect, select the
, , ~~ Connect to Modern command lrom the Modem
menu or press the Connect to Modern button.
Connecting to the TS4000 puts it into program
mode. When in program mode the TS4000's RX
and TX LEDs remain on continuously.
, istuuii
+1.”
When connected to the TS4000 the configuration
program may disable (tighter shade) some of the
controls. These disabled controls are options that are not available with that
particular TS4000‘s version of firmware. These controls are re-enabled when the
Conﬁguration Program
connection is broken (using the Disconnect command from the Modem menu or
the Disconnect button).
- The confl uration of the TS4000 can be read out of the modem by selecting the
Programming and Retrieve gonfiguration command from the Modem menu or by pressrng the
Retrieving Retrieve Configuration button.
Contlguratlons To program a configuration into the TS4000, use
the Program Configuration command from the
Modem menu or the Program Conﬁguration
button.
CAUTION: Programming 3 configuration Into the Tsaooo will write over
(destroy) the configuration currently In the TSADOD. To avord losing the
TSAOOO‘s configuration information. save the configuration by retrieving it and
then saving it as a PC lile.
J rsanr’mr llgmatinn
- Configurations can be stored and recalled as PC files.
St°ﬂ_ng _ This is done usmg the commands under the File menu or
Confrgurahons the corresponding buttons.
Command Action
New»Delault Create a new file with default values.
Open Open a previously stored file. The user is prompted With a
directory and tile list.
Close Close the active file.
Save Save the active tile under the current name.
Save As Save the active file under a different name or in a different
directory. The user is prompted with a directory and file list.
Recent File List This shows the last ten open files. A file can be recalled by
selecting its name from the list.
Conﬁguration Program 8
Diagnostics
Command
Diagnostics
Retrieve Hardware
Conﬁguration
Retrieve Radio
Configuration
The configuration program can access diagnostics
information from the TS4000. This is done using
commands under the Modem menu or the
corresponding buttons.
Action
Flun, read and display diagnostic status of the
TS4000. The diagnostics tests the major
components oi the modem and also monitors the
power supply voltages.
Read and display the hardware conﬁguration. This
includes details on the firmware version and
memory configuration.
Read and display the radio conﬁguration. This
includes details about the radio‘s frequency,
channel spacing and transmit power.
conﬁguration Program
RS-232 Serial Port
Basics
Connectors
DCE vs. DTE
Asynchronous Data
Flow Control
Serial Port
The seriai port provides an asynchronous data connection between the T84000
and the host equipment. The TS4000 seriai port is a standard RS—232 serial port
with a number of options to ailow connection to a wide variety of serial host
equipment.
The ElA (Electronic Industries Association) RS-ZSZC standard is a standard for
short distance (less than 50 feet) serial communications. The standard defines
the electrical signal levels, intenace characteristics and the operation of the
control signals (handshake lines). Although the standard defines the operation of
the handshake lines, there is significant variation in the way these signals are
used by different equipment.
The RS—232 standard does not require the use of a specific connector. However,
most asynchronous RS~232 seriai ports use either a 9 pin or 25 pin subminiature
D connector. The same signais are provided with both connectors, but of course
the pinouts are different (see Appendix A - Serial Port).
FtS-232 serial ports come in two varieties; DCE (Data Communication Equipment)
and DTE (Data Terminal Equipment). This deﬁnes the direction of the seriai
port's lines (driven or received). It also typically defines the polarity of the
connector. DCEs typically use female pin connectors and DTEs typically use
male pin connectors.
Connecting a DCE port to a DTE is the most common setup and requires a
standard straight through cable (i.e. pin 1 to pin 1, pin 2 to pin 2, etc). When
connecting two DCEs or two DTEs together a nuli modem cable is required. The
purpose of a nuil modem cabie is to cross connect the appropriate signals.
However, null modem cabies are not all the same and therefore it is important to
verily that a specific cable is appropriate for a speciiic application.
The TS4000 is designed to work with asynchronous serial ports. Asynchronous
ports do not use clocks or timing signals to synchronize data transfers. Instead
data is framed into asynchronous characters which the ports synchronize to.
An asynchronous character consists oi a start bit, data bits and stop bits. The
start bit indicates the beginning ot a character. The number of data bits varies,
but is typically between 7 and 9 bits. The data bits sometimes include a parity bit
that provides error check information with each character. The number of stop
bits also varies but is typically 1 or 2 bits,
Flow control is the method tor controlling the flow of data between the DOE and
DTE. Fiow control is used to prevent the DTE and DOE data receive buffers from
overﬂowing. There are several different methods used for flow control and as
with everything related to RS—232 there is no one standard. The two main
variations of flow control are hardware flow control that utilizes the RS-Zaz
handshake iines and software flow controi that utilizes characters sent along with
the normal data.
Hardware Flow Control
Hardware flow control typically uses two control lines. one for each direction of
data. When a port activates its flow control signal it is indicating its readiness to
Serial Port
10
Serial Port
Connector
Signal Levels
Signal Options
receive data. Deactivating the flow control signal indicates that the port can no
longer receive data because its buffer is full or close to full.
The most common form of hardware flow control, and the one used by most lull
duplex wired (as opposed to wireless) modems, is RTS/CTS. With FtTS/CTS llow
control, FtTS provides ﬂow control lor the DTE and CTS provides flow control for
the DOE. One problem With RTS/CTS flow control is that for many half duplex
modems (most Wireless modems) the RTS signal is used to frame transmit data
going from the DTE to the DOE. This use of FITS conflicts with uSing FtTS for
ﬂow control of data to the DTE.
An alternative form of hardware flow control is DTR/DSR. With DTH/DSR flow
control, DTR provides the flow control for the DTE and DSR provides the flow
control for the DOE.
Sollware Flow Control
Software flow control uses characters sent over the data lines to control data
flow. These characters are sent along with the normal flow of data between the
DTE and DOE. There is typically one character that is used to stop the flow of
data and a diflerent character to restart data llow. Software flow control can use
any characters to stan and stop flow, However the most common characters
used are the ASCII XON (starts flow) and XOFF (stops flow) characters.
Because these are the most common characters used, software flow control is
often relerred to as XON/XOFF flow control, The ASCII XON character is the
decimal character 17 (0x11 hex) and is also known as DC1 or Ctrl—Ct. The ASCII
XOFF character is the decimal character 19 (0x13 hex) and is also known as
D03 or CtrI-S (See Appendix B - ASCII Character Set).
A problem with software flow control is that the normal data passed over the
communications link cannot include the flow control characters. If it does. the
flow of data Will be incorrectly stopped or started This limits the characters that
can be used by the host application and also prevents the sending oi binary (all
character numbers) data.
The TS4000 serial ports are setup as DCEs (Data Communication Equipment).
The TS4000 with the standard case uses two 9 pin subminiature D connectors
with female pins for the serial ports. The TS4000 with the watertight case uses a
19 pin environmentally sealed LEMO connector (see Appendix A - Serial Port).
Serial port 1 can be configured for either RS-232 or TTL signal levels. To change
the Signal levels, the modem must be opened and the tourjumper plugs next to
the serial port connector set to the desired position (see Appendix A ~ Serial Port,
Appendix F - Internal Jumper Block).
Serial port 2 is always set for RS-232 signal levels.
The serial ports can be setup to provide different internal electrical connections to
the DTFt, DSR and RI pins. To change the pin connections. the modem must be
opened and the )urnper plugs next to the serial port connector set to the desired
position (see Appendix F - internai Jumper Block),
Serial Port
11
RI Pin Signal Options The Rl (Hing Indicator) pin is pin 9 of a standard 9 pin subminlature D connector
and is an output for DCEs (the TSAOOO). For the TS4000, the HI pin is normally
setup as a power input pin. This is non-standard use of this pin and therefore
care should be taken when connecting the TSdOOO to other serial devices. For
most serial devices this is not a problem because Rl is a modern (DOE) output
and the TS4000 power supply falls within the allowed voltage range lor RS—232
signals. Therefore the power voltage on this pin is interpreted as an active Ftl
signal. For systems that use the RI Signal dilferently. or cannot operate wrth
power on this pin, this pin should be disconnected between the TSAOOO and the
host equipment.
Alternate Connection
As an alternative. the RI pin can be connected to the internal DSFt output signal.
DSR Pin Signal Options The DSFt (Data Set Ready) pin is pin 6 of a standard 9 pin subminiature D
connector and is an output for DCEs (the TS4000). For the TS4000, the DSFt pin
is normally connected to the internal DSR output signal.
Alternate Connection
As an alternative, the DSR pin can be set to always be in the active high state. In
this case it is internally connected to +5 volts through a 1 K ohm resistor,
DTR Pin Signal Options The DTR (Data Terminal Ready) pin is pin 4 of a standard 9 pin subminiature D
connector and is an input for DCEs (the TS4000). For the TS4000, the DTFi pin
is normally connected to the internal DTR input signal.
Alternate Connection
As an alternative, the DTR pin can be connected as a power pin into the TS4000.
Caution: The use of the DTR pin torpawer ls non-standard. Therefore the
TS4000 serial port must not be connected to a standard serial device that
drives the DTR pin (Le. a PC). This results in the power supply voltage 01 the
TS4000 being shorted to the DTFt output at the host serial port, which could
damage to the host device. Therelore, when connecting the TS4000 to a PC for
configuration, make sure that the cable does not have a DTFt (pin 4) connection.
- - The serial port provides a number of configuration options that allows it to be
Configuratlon connected to Virtually any asynchronous host equipment. These conﬁguration
Options options are set using the Serial Port tab of the Modern Configuration.
Serial Port 12
Baud Rate List
Data Bits
Parity
Protocol Options
saw
in
E 10
The baud rate list provides selection of the serial port asynchronous baud rate.
The available seiections are 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200 and 38400 baud.
These options set the number of data bits in each asynchronous character.
These options set the parity oi the asynchronous characters.
Selection
Hardware Handshake
Data Activation
Data Activation Timeout
(Timeout Time)
Description
In this mode the RTS handshake line is used to
frame transmit data into bursts. The TS4000 begins
transmission when FlTS is activated and at least
one character (non-controi string) is received.
Transmission ends when FtTS goes inactive and
the burst has been completely transmitted.
This mode uses a character timer to frame the
transmit data into bursts. The TS4000 begins
transmission when one character (non-control
string) is received. The transmit burst is completed
when the transmit data line is idle (no data) lor the
number of character periods delined by the data
activation timeout controi.
This control sets the number at character periods of
idle required on the serial port's transmit data iine to
declare the end of a transmit burst.
Char Period = Char Length / Baud Rate
Where: Char Length = Data Bits + Parity + 2
Data Bits is the value selected from the Data Bits
control. Parity is 0 if none is selected from the
Parity controi and 1 if even or odd is selected. The
2 added to the accounts for the start and stop bits
of an asynchronous character. Baud Rate is the
value seiected from the baud rate iist.
Serial Port
13
Wait For Complete Burst This option only has eflect if packet operation is not enabled.
Belore Beginning
Transmission Selection Descrlptlon
Disabled The modem begins transmitting as soon as it
receives the first non-control character of a transmit
burst.
Enabled The modem waits for a complete transmit burst
before it begins transmitting.
Receive Data Protocol Selectlon Description
Idle Time Between Bursts This sets the minimum amount at time (in character
periods) that the receive data (RXD) line will be idle
(inactive) between received bursts ol data. If this
value is set to zero. the receive data line may
remain active continuously when multiple bursts oi
receive data are translerred to the host.
Il the DOD line option is set tor the Active when
Sending Receive Data to the Userthen the DOD
line will also be inactive during the receive data line
idle timest
DTH Enabled lor Receive When enabled, DTR acts as ﬂow control for receive
Data Flow Control data coming from the TS4000 to the host. When
DTR is inactive, data received by the TS4000 is
stored in an internal butter and inhibited from being
sent to the host equipment. The flow of receive
data out 01 the serial port resumes when DTR is
activated.
DCD Line Control Selection Description
Active when Sending DCD is active when receive data is sent out of the
Receive Data to the User T84000 via the serial port.
Active when Receiving DOD is active when the TS4000 detects a signal on
the radio channel. This mode can be used to
remote the receive LED.
Both DCD is active when either receive data is being
sent out the serial pen or when a signal is detected
on the radio channel. Note that lor most conditions
and conﬁgurations these states overlap.
Serial Port 14
CTS Line Control
DSR Line Control
Selection
Always Active
Active when Transmitter is
Sending Data
Active when Transmitting
Delayed RTS
Deactivate when Transmit
Buffer is Full
Selection
Active when Operational
Active when Transmitting
Active when Receiving
Description
The CTS line is active.
CTS is normally inactive and is activated when the
TS4000 is transmitting and the radio channel is
ready for the transmission of data,
CTS is normally inactive and is activated when the
TS4000 is transmitting. Note that the modem
begins transmitting only alter it has received at
least one character (non-control string) of data. This
selection can be used to remote the transmit LED.
CTS is normally inactive and is activated a lixed
time alter RTS becomes active. The time is
controlled with the HTS to CTS delay value.
When this is enabled, CTS is deactivated when the
transmit buffer is full. This setting effects all of the
above options.
Descrlmn
DSR is active when the TS4000 is powered and
has passed self test.
DSR is active when the TS4000 is transmitting.
This selection can be used to remote the transmit
LED.
DSFl is active when the TS4000 detects a signal on
the radio channel. This mode can be used to
remote the receive LED.
Serial Port
15
Radio Setup
The radio setup requires setting the modem configuration options and also setting
the radio frequencies. The modern configuration options are accessed on the
Radio tab of the Modem Configuration. The frequency programming is accessed
with the Frequency Configuration button on the main screen of the conﬁguration
program.
Configuration
Options
The radio configuration options set the operation of the radio. These
configuration options are set using the Radio tab oi the Modem Configuration
portion of the configuration program.
200
192
Modulation Selection
itﬁ
95
SD
2.11
Description
Occupied
Bandwidth
The occupied bandwidth sets the amount ol frequency
bandwidth that the transmitted signal Wlii use, A higher value
corresponds to more bandwidth and therefore provtdes better
BER (Bit Error Ftate) performance.
The occupied bandwidth should be set to equal to or lower
than the occupied bandwidth that is allowed for the channels
in use,
Example: The FCC licenses many channels with a 12.5 KHz
channel spacing for an 11K2 (11.2 KHz) emission designator.
Thereiore the occupied bandwidth must be set tor 112 KHZ
or lower.
The maximum value that occupied bandwidth can be set for is
dependent on the specific radio module ordered with the unit.
This is set at the lactory when the unit is manufactured. This
maximum value will be shown in the range label when the
conﬁguration program is connected to the modem.
Radio Setup
16
Frequency Channel at
Power Up
Receive Carrier Detect
Level
Force Transmit Over
Receive
Transmit Timeout Timer
Selection Descrimn
4 Level FSK Four level FSK modulation.
This is the most spectrally efficient modulation. Therelore,
this modulation allows the highest data rate for a given
occupied bandwidth. However. it also requires the highest
receive signal level to achieve a given BER (Bit Error Rate).
GMSK (BT=0.3) Gaussian Minimum Shifted Keyed modulation with a BT = 0.3.
This is the less Spectrally efficient than 4 Level FSK
modulation and more spectralty eiticient than GSMK (BT=0.5)
modulation.
GMSK (BT=0,5) Gaussian Minimum Shilted Keyed modulation with a BT = 0.5.
This is the least spectrally efficient modulation. However, it
provides the best BER tor a given receive signal level.
Rate The over the air modulation bit rate.
All TS4000s that communicate together must use the same
setting. Lower settings result in better signal demodulation
which results in a better (lower) BER (Bit Error Rate) for a
given receive signal level.
The maximum rate that can be set depends on the settings oi
occupied bandwidth and modulation type
Selection Description
Active Channel The channel activated at power up is the channel that was
at Power Down active when the modem was last powered down.
Fixed Channel The channel activated at power up is the channel set in the
corresponding control.
This sets the receive signal level at which the receiver is activated. This is similar
to the squelch control on mobile radios. Normally this level is set slightly lower
than the level at which the TS4000 can correctly demodulate the incoming data.
When using the TSAOOO in a high noise environment, this level can be raised so
that the TSAOOO is more selective about the signals that it attempts to
demodulate, This is important for configurations that do not allow the TSAOOO to
transmit while it is receiving. These include conﬁgurations with packet operation
enabled or with the Force Transmit over Receive control disabled.
This control has eftect only if packet operation is disabled.
Selection Description
Disabled The modern Will not transmit while receiving. Transmit data is
buffered and then transmitted when the TS4000 stops
receiving.
Enabled The modern transmits as soon as data is ready without regard
to the receive state.
When enabled, the timeout timer stops the T5400!) trom transmitting alter the
specified period of continuous transmission. This is used to avoid locking up the
radio channel due to a continuous transmission caused by an equipment fault.
Radio Setup
17
Transmit Power
Additional Transmit Attack
Time
Enable Coding
Data Scramble Code
Frequency
Programming
This sets the transmit power level. The maximum transmit power that can be set
depends on the specific radio module in the TS4000. Therefore the maximum
value that can be set is listed only when the configuration program is connected
to the TSdOOO.
This is additional attack lime added to the radio transmission process. This is
used in setups where the TS4000 is used with a power ampiifier or repeater
system that creates an extra delay in establishing the radio channel.
Attack time is the amount of time necessary to establish the radio channel. This
includes the power up time for the transmitter and the time for the receiver to
sense and demodulate the transmit signal. The TS4000 is preset for the
appropriate attack time of the installed radio module. Therefore, this control
should normally be set to zero.
Selection Description
Disabled This minimizes the amount of overhead required to send data.
Enabled Transmit data is block coded (12,8 Hamming) and interleaved
(16 bits), This provides error correction for strings of errors
up to 16 bits long. Coding requires an extra 50 % overhead
on top of formatted data. This type of coding is ideal for
combating errors induced from multi-path fading common in
mobiie environments.
The scramble code determines the pseudo-random sequence used to scramble
the transmitted data. This provides data privacy and aiso randomizes the data for
optimum signal detection. Ail TS40005 operating in the same network must use
the same scrambling code.
The TS4000 comes in various frequency bands (Le. 450 to 470 MHz) and can be
programmed for any valid channel within a given frequency band. The TS4000
can be set for up to 99 frequency pairs. A frequency pair is a receive frequency
and a transmit frequency which can he set to the same or different frequencies.
Frequency channels are programmed into the TS4000 using the configuration
program. To access the frequency program screen press the Frequency
Configuration button on the main screen of the configuration program. Frequency
channel configuration settings are programmed into and retrieved from the
T54000 the same as the modem configuration settings.
The FCC rules state that oniy authorized service/maintenance personnel should
be aliowed to change the frequencies programmed into radio devices. Because
of this, a software enable code is required to enable the frequency programming
capability of the TS4000 configuration program. Note that this enable code is not
required to retrieve and display the channei frequencies programmed in the
TS4000.
Please contact Teledesign Systems for information on finding the nearest
authorized service center.
Radio Setup
18
Radio vs. File Settlngs
Channel Switching
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The minimum and maximum lrequencies and the channel spacing depend on the
specific radio module in the TS4000. The configuration program does not know
this information unless it is connected to the TSAOOO. Therefore, these fields in
the Radio Settings frame only show up when the configuration program is
connected to the TS4000. When the user creates a new frequency configuration
file these values can be set in the channel frequencies frame. This allows the
user to create, modify and store frequency liles without being connected to a
TS4000. When a file is used to program frequency channels into the TS4000, the
configuration program compares the radio values with the file values and
determines if they are compatible. Il they are compatible then the programming
continues, If they are not compatible then the user is prompted to make the
necessary changes in these values so that only valid frequency channels are
programmed into the TS4000.
During normal operation, the frequency channel can be switched on the ﬂy, This
is done with the following ASCII character string.
+TSxx Where: xx = Channel number from O1 to 99
Note: The letter characters must be upper case.
The channel change control string is sent to the modern the same as standard
transmit data. For the control string to be recognized it must be the first
characters of a burst of transmit data. it the control string is sent alone (no data
following), then the TS4000 will switch to the receive frequency of the new
channel pair and wait in receive mode. If the control string is sent with a transmit
data burst foliowing it, then the T34000 wiil switch to the transmit frequency of the
new channel pair and transmit the burst.
Radio Setup
19
Invalid Channel Selecllon
Channel at Power Up
If a frequency channel is selected that has not been programmed with valid
frequencies, the modem will not receive or transmit and the PM and TX LEDs will
alternately flash.
The channel that the T5400!) activates at power up depends on the setting of the
Frequency Channel at Power Up conlrol.
Radio Setup
20
Overview
Packet Basics
Addressability
Acknowledgment and
Retries
Channel Access
AirNet Packet Protocol
AirNet is an embedded packet protocol available in some TeledeSign Systems
modems. AirNet provides a complete protocol that manages the end to and data
transfers of wireless networks. The AirNet protocol is flexible and configurable so
that it can be used with any host (user) system or network architecture.
The basic purpose of the AirNet packet protocol is to ensure that data is reliably
transferred between nodes in the network. This means preventing data from
being lost. repeated or corrupted at the receiving nodes. This is accomplished by
combining transmit data into packets which contain user data and control
information. The control inlcrmation includes addressing, sequencing and error
detection. Addressing information allows receiving nodes to determine il a packet
is intended for them and also who the source of the packet was. Sequence
information is used so that the data can be reconstructed in the correct order, and
so that repeated packets of the same data are not given to the user. Error
detection is provided by adding a ORC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) onto the
packet so that any corruption of the packet can be detected.
The key feature of any packet data protocol is its ability to identity and coordinate
data transfers between individual nodes in a network. In order to move data
between nodes each node is assigned a unique address. With the AirNet
protocol each node is assigned a unique individual and group address. Group
addresses allow the nodes in a network to be partitioned into classes of service
or segmented into regions. The AirNet protocol allows a data packet to be
transferred to an individual node, to all nodes in a group (group broadcast), or to
all nodes in all groups (network broadcast).
The AirNet protocol also includes multicast reception. Multicast reception is the
ability of a node to receive group broadcasts for groups other than its own. This
allows a node to be a member of a numberof different groups at the same time.
Individual node to node data transfers can be sent with or without posrtive
acknowledgment from the destination node. Positive acknowledgment is the
process where a destination node which receives an error iree packet sends a
return packet (without user data) to tell the source node that the packet was
received correctly. This allows the source node to be sure that the data has been
transferred. if the sending node does not receive an acknowledgment (ACK)
packet within a preset period of time then it automatically re-sends (or retries) the
data packet.
Note that broadcast packets are never acknowledged and therefore the source
node cannot be sure that they have been received correctly by all the destination
nodes.
For most wireless data networks, there is the possibility that more than one node
will attempt to transmit simultaneously. This is termed a collision and typically
results in the data from both nodes being lost. To minimize collisions, the nodes
must have an orderly means of accessing the shared channel. The Aid\let
protocol uses a CSMA/CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with ColliSion
Avoidance) protocol to coordinate channel access (see CSMA System for
details).
AirNet Packel Protocol
21
Store and Forward Relay In many networks some nodes are unable to directly communicate with all other
nodes in the system due to insufficient RF coverage. To combat this many
systems use frequency translating repeaters that are located at advantaged
(mountaintop) locations. in some situations. the use of a repeater may be
logistically difficult and may not completely solve all propagation problems. The
AirNet protocol provides an option where nodes can be set up as store and
fowvard relays. The relay nodes store packets that they receive and repeat
(forward) the packets when the channel is idle. The relay nodes can be set to
relay all packets or only packets with certain source or destination addresses.
Features Complete Packet Capablllty
I Nodes automatically re-send packets which are not received correctly.
I Robust 32 bit CFlC ensures that packets are received correctly.
I Adjustable maximum number of retries.
I Adjustable maximum packet size - Large packets can be automatically
broken up into smaller packets for reliable transmission.
Easy to Use Host Control and Status
I The host (user equipment) controls operation of the packet protocol with
simple ASCII command strings.
I No special formatting of user data is required.
I Status strings can be enabled to provide information on the success or failure
of packet transmissions.
Addressing
I Individual addresses from 1 to 999.
I Group addresses from 1 to 60.
I Various transfer types
I Individual (point to point with acknowledge) - The acknowledgment
provides for guaranteed delivery of the data packets.
I Individual without acknowledgment.
I Group broadcast - Unacknowledged transfer to all members of a group.
I Network broadcast - Unacknowledged transfer to all modems.
I Multicast receptions - Allows a modem to receive group broadcasts to groups
other than its own. This can be used to create sub-groups or super-groups of
modems.
channel Access
I CSMA/CA - Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance.
I Adjustable Transmission Index (transmit probability) - Allows a network to be
optimized for maximum efficiency.
I Adjustable Slot Time - Allows the modem to be optimized for different radios
and repeater systems.
Store and Forward Data Repeater
I Any unit can be configured as a relay node. Allows for easy expansion of the
network.
I Relay filter allows for relaying of only packets to or from select nodes. This
minimizes the amount of relay traffic created.
AirNet Packet Protocol 22
Conﬁguraﬁon
Opﬁons
Packet: General These conﬁguration options are set using the Packet General tab at the Modern
Conﬁguration.
Eon! nation]
Packet Activate Selection Description
Enable Packet This activates packet operation lcr all user data.
Operation
Medium (channel) Access The type oi Medium Access Control (MAC) determines how a modem decides
Control (MAC) when to transmit packets. This effects the transmission of both data and
acknowledgment packets.
Selection Description
Master-Slave The modem wiII transmit data as soon as the channel
becomes idle. This mode should only be used for master-
slave systems where two modems will never attempt to
transmit at the same time. This also implies that store and
forward relays are not used in the system.
CSMA Carrier Sense Multiple Access. This mode should be
selected for systems where multiple modems may attempt
to transmit simultaneously. With this setting, the modern
waits until the channel becomes idle and then transmits in
each lollowlng idle slot based on a random probability oi
transmission (see CSMA MAC Options - Transmission
Index). This minimizes the potential for collisions in multi-
access systems.
AirNet Packet Protocol 23
CSMA MAC Setup
Network Broadcast
Packets - Relay All
Group Broadcast Packets -
Relay Activate
Broadcast Relay
Addresses
Control Description
Slot Time This sets the transmit slot time (see Setting Slot Time).
Min Idle Slots This sets the minimum number of idle slots before a modern
attempts transmission (see Selling Min idle Slots).
If the minimum number of idle slots is set to zero the
modem randomizes its transmission attempts with the first
slot after the channel becomes idle, For values greater
than zero, the modem waits that many slots before
randomizing its transmission attempts.
Tx Index The transmission index (TI) is the inverse of the probability
of transmitting in an idle slot. An index of 4 corresponds to
a 1/4 or 25% chance of transmitting in an idle slot. The goal
of setting TI is to maximize efficiency on the channel, ll TI
is set too low then transmissions collide too often. it TI is
set too high then there is excessive unused channel time in
the system (see Setting Transmission Index).
Min Idle Slots and Tx Index can be set differently for different types of packets.
The lollowing table describes the different packet types.
Type Description
Data Packets These are any packets that carry user data. These include
data packets for all the different types of transfers (Le.
Individual, Individual w/o ACK, Broadcast). These values
are set on the Packet for Port tab.
ACK Packets These are the acknowledgment packets for the individually
addressed data packets. These values are set on the
Packet for Port lab.
Relay Packets These are any packets that are relayed with the store and
lorward relay option. Both data packets and ACK packets
can be relayed.
Selection Descriptlon
Disabled No network broadcast packets are relayed.
Enabled All network broadcast packets are relayed.
Selection Description
None No broadcast packets are relayed.
Some The broadcast packets that are relayed is determined by
the broadcast relay addresses control.
All All broadcast packets are relayed.
This control consists of a list at broadcast addresses. Each address in the list is
a group address for which broadcast packets are relayed. The user can use as
few or as many (up to the list size) addresses as desired.
AirNet Packet Protocol
24
Individual Packets - Relay Selection Description
Activate None No individually addressed packets are relayed.
Same The individual packets that are relayed is determined by the
individual relay addresses control.
All All indiViduaily addressed packets are relayed. The
exception is packets whose final destination is the relay
node.
Individual Relay Addresses This control consists ol 5 list of address ranges. Each item in the list represents a
range of addresses that are relayed. A packet is relayed if the packet's source or
destination address matches an address range in the list. The addresses conSist
of a group address and a minimum and maximum individual address. The user
can use as few or as many (up to the list size) address ranges as desired.
Packet for Port These configuration options are set using the Packet for Port tab of the Modem
Configuration.
. Eonliguaiiun 1
Modem Address Control Description
Individual Address The individual address of this modem.
Group Address The group address of this modem. The group address is
used to isolate different sets of individual addresses. It is
also used to filter group broadcast transfers.
Multicast Group Reception Multicast groups allow a modem to receive group broadcasts to groups other than
its own. This allows modems to be combined in subsets and supersels of their
basic groups.
AirNet Packet Protocol 25
Packet Operation
Default Transfer
Control
Enable Multicast
Reception
Multicast Groups
Descjption
This control enables the multicast capability of the modem
and also enables the entry of multicast groups.
This control is a list of multicast addresses. These
addresses have the same range as the group addresses.
The user can use as few or as many (up to the list size)
multicast groups as desired.
By default, a modem accepts two kinds of broadcasts.
- Network broadcasts are received by all modems.
I Group broadcasts are received by modems with the same group address as
the transmitting modern.
Control Description
Max Retries This control sets the maximum number of transmit retries.
Max Packet Size
Packet Timeout
A retry is attempted if a packet is sent and an acknowledge
is not received within the time defined by the packet timeout
control. After the maximum number of retries have been
attempted the packet is cleared from the transmit buffer.
Retries do not apply to any kind of broadcast transfers or
individual transfers without acknowledgment.
This control defines the maximum packet size in bytes. Any
burst that is larger than this number of bytes will be broken
up into multiple packets with this maximum packet size.
Note that there is a difference between bytes and
asynchronous characters. A byte is always eight bits of
data. The number of bits in an asynchronous character is
dependent on the setting of the asynchronous character
control fields.
The packet timeout is the amount of time the modem waits
for an acknowledgment before re—sending a packet (see
Network Setup - Setting Packet Timeout).
This field selects the type of transfer that the modem defaults to at power up.
This will remain as the transfertype until If is switched using the appropriate
control string.
AIrNet Packet Protocol
26
Selection
lndivtdual Transfer
individual Transler
w/o Acknowledge
Group Broadcast
Network Broadcast
Description
This is a standard point to point data transfer with
acknowledgments.
This is a point to point data transfer but without any
acknowledgments. This implies that there are no transmit
retries if the packet is received with errors.
This is a broadcast to a group 01 modems. Receiving
modems will accept two types of group broadcasts.
- Group broadcasts - Broadcasts where the destination
group matches the receiving modem‘s group.
- Multicast broadcasts — Broadcasts where the
destination group matches a group from the receive
modem‘s multicast group list. For these broadcasts to
be received the receiving modern must have multicast
reception enabled.
This is a broadcast to all modems.
Default Destination These fields select the default destination address that the modem delaults to at
Address power up. This address will remain as the default until it is switched using the
appropriate control strings.
Type
Individual Address
Group Address
Packet Status Data Control
Provide Address at
Receive r
Provide Positive
Transmit ACKs
Provide Negative
Transmit ACKs
Description
The default destination individual address.
The default destination group address.
Description
When this control is activated, the source address of each
received packet is sent as a prelix status string to the data
(see Control and Status Strings).
When this control is activated, a status string is sent to the
user when an acknowledgment is received for a packet.
The corresponding packet number of the packet will be
provided as part of the status string (see Control and Status
Strings), This does not apply to any type of broadcast
transfer or individual transfers without acknowledgment.
When this control is activated, a status string is sent to the
user when the transfer of a packet is unsuccessful (all
retries have been sent and no acknowledgment has been
received). The corresponding packet number ol the packet
will be provided as pan of the status string (see Control and
Status Strings). This does not apply to any type 01
broadcast transler or individual transfers without
acknowledgment.
AIrNet Packet Protocol
27
CSMA MAC Setup
Control and Status
Strings
Control Strings
Control Description
Min Idle Slots This sets the minimum number of idle slots before a modern
attempts transmission (see Setting Min Idle Slots).
It the minimum number of idle slots is set to zero the
modem randomizes its transmission attempts with the first
slot alter the channel becomes idle. For values greater
than zero, the modem waits that many slots before
randomizing its transmission attempts.
Tx Index The transmission index (TI) is the inverse of the probability
of transmitting in an idle slot. An index of 4 corresponds to
a 1/4 or 25% chance of transmitting in an idle slot. The goal
of setting TI is to maximize efficiency on the channel. It TI
is set too low than transmissions collide too often. ll TI is
set too high then there Is excessive unused channel time in
the system (see Setting Transmission Index).
Min Idle Slots and Tx Index can be set differently for different types of packets.
The lollowing table describes the different packet types.
Tm Description
Data Packets These are any packets that carry user data. These include
data packets for all the different types of translers (Le.
Individual. Individual w/o ACK, Broadcast).
ACK Packets These are the acknowledgment packets for the individually
addressed data packets.
Relay Packets These are any packets that are relayed with the store and
toward relay option. Both data packets and ACK packets
can be relayed. These values are set on the Packet
Geneml tab.
Control strings are used to control the operation of the modern. Status strings are
used to prowde status information lrom the modem. Status strings from the
modem can be disabled if they are not needed for a given application. All control
and status strings begin With the ASCII string “+TS”, followed by speCitic ASCII
letters and numbers corresponding to the particular control field or status value
provided (See Appendix B - ASCII Character Set).
All numbers are formatted as ASCII digits and sent most significant digit first.
iii - Represents a three digit individual address.
gg - Represents a two digit group address.
nn — Represents a two digit packet number.
Control String Descrirliorr
+TSI Set for individual transfer.
+TSIAiii Set tor individual transfer with address change. The three
address characters change the individual destination
address.
+TSIngiii Set for individual transfer with complete address change.
The lirst two characters are for the group address and the
remaining three are for the individual destination address.
AirNet Packet Protocol
25
Status Strings
Control String
+TSN
+TSNAiii
+TSNngiii
+TSG
+TSGAgg
+TSB
+TSFAggiii
+TSSrin
Statue String
+TSIAggiii
+TSNAggiii
+TSGAggiii
+TSBAggiii
+TSSFrin
+TSSPnn
Description
Set for individual without acknowledgment transfer.
Set for individual without acknowledgment transfer with
address change. The three address characters change the
individual destination address.
Set for individual without acknowledgment transfer with
complete address change. The first two characters are for
the group address and the remaining three are for the
individual destination address.
Set for group broadcast transfer.
Set for group broadcast transfer with address change. The
two address characters change the group destination
address.
Set for a network broadcast transfer (to all modems).
Change the modem destination address. The first two
address characters are for the group address and the
remaining three are for the individual address. The type of
transfer remains unchanged.
Set the packet number of the next packet transmitted.
Packet numbers are used in status strings to indicate the
success or failure of the transmission of a particular
transmit packet.
The packet number is set to 0 when the modem is reset.
Description
Received an individual packet from this address. The first
two address characters represent the group address and
the next three the individual address.
Received an individual without acknowledgment packet
from this address. The first two address characters
represent the group address and the next three the
individual address.
Received a group broadcast packet from this address. The
first two address characters represent the group address
and the next three the individual address.
Received a network broadcast packet from this address.
The first two address characters represent the group
address and the next three the individual address.
Indicates that the transfer of this packet number was not
successful. This status string is returned after the last retry
of this packet has timed out. This does not apply to any
type of broadcast packet or individual without
acknowledgment packets.
Indicates that the transfer of this packet number was
successful. This does not apply to any type of broadcast
packet or individual without acknowledgment packets.
AirNet Packet Protocol
29
Master-Slave
System Setup
Setting Packet
Timeout
Example:
A master-slave system is one where the host application is designed so that only
one node will ever attempt to transmit at a given time. An example oi this type at
system is a polled system with a base station that sequentially poles a number of
remote nodes. In this case the base always initiates a pole and the remotes
respond with the desired data.
To set up AirNet for this type of system, select the Master-Slave selection in the
Packet General tab at the modem configuration. With this selection, the modem
transmits waiting packets as soon as it detects an idle channel, The master-slave
setting should not be used with systems that use store and lonivard repeaters.
The packet timeout timer is used for only lor individually addressed packets that
expect an acknowledgment (ACK). The packet timeout timer is started alter a
data packet is sent. if an ACK is not received belore the timer expires, then a
retry transmission oi the data packet is sent. This timer should be set longer than
the worst case time it takes to receive an ACK packet.
For a master-slave system, an ACK packet is sent as soon as the data packet is
received and the channel is idle. This can start as soon as the decay time of the
originating modem is ﬁnished.
Packet Timeout Time = Decay Time + Attack Time
+ ACK Packet Transmit Time
Where:
Decay Time = Tx Decay Time + Additional Transmit/mack Time
Attack Time = Tx Attack Time it Additional Transmit Attack Time
Tx Decay Time and Tx Attack Time are fixed values that are preset
lor the radio in the TS4000. These values can be read out of the
TS4000 using the retrieve radio configuration menu or button. The
Additional Transmit Attack Time is the value set on the radio tab oi
the modem conﬁguration.
ACK Packet Transmit Time : ACK Packet Length / Modulation Flats
An ACK packet tits in one data lrarne (16 bytes) of data. it coding is
used then 50% coding overhead is added to this.
ACK Packet Length -Uncoded = 16 bytes x 8 bits per byte : 128 bits
-Coded : 126 bits X 1,5 = 192 bits
Tx Attack Time = 20 ms
Tx Decay Time = 12 ms
Additional Transmit Attack Time = 0 ms
Over air channel rate = 9600 bps
Coding = Enabled
ACK Packet Transmit Time = 192 I 9600 = 20 ms
Packet Timeout Time = 12ms t 20 ms + 20 ms = 52 ms
AirNet Packet Protocol
30
Data Packet Transmit
Time
Example:
CSMA System
Setup
For a master-slave system, the data packet transmit time is constant tor a given
packet size. As long as the channel is not busy, at data packet will be sent
immediately upon becoming available for transmission.
Calculating the delay is very similar to the calculation tor the packet timeout lime
above.
Total Packet Delay Time = Attack Time + Packet Transmit Time
Where:
Attack Time = Tx Attack Time + Additional Transmit Attack Time
Note that the packet delay time does not include the transmit decay time. This is
because the packet is available at the receiving modem as soon as all the data is
transmitted.
Packet Transmit Time = Packet Length / Channel Rate
Packet Length : (Data Bits + Overhead Bits)
x Framing Overhead x Coding Overhead
Overhead Bits = 14 bytes x 8 bits per byte = 1 12 bits
Framing Overhead = 1, 1
Coding Overhead (optional) = 1.5
Packet Length = (Data Bits + 112) x 1.1 {x 1.5)
Tx Attack Time = 20 ms
Additional Transmit Attack Time = 0 ms
Over air channel rate = 9600 bps
Number of async chars in packet = 50
Number of data bits per async char = 8
Coding = Enabled
Packet Length = ((50 x 8) + 112) x 1.1 x 1.5 = 845 bits
Packet Transmit Time = 8415/9800 = as ms
Total Packet Delay Time = 20 + SE = 108 ms
The CSMA MAC (Medium Access Control) is used for systems in which multiple
modems wtll attempt to access the radio channel simultaneously (multi—aocess
systems). It two modems attempt to transmit simultaneously, a collision results
which prevents both transmissmns lrom being successlully sent. The AirNet
protocol uses CSMA/CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance)
to provide multi-access capability. The CSMA refers to monitoring the channel to
ensure that it is unused before transmitting a packet,
Collision Avoidance
For multi-access radio systems CSMA alone is typically not enough to prevent
excessive collisions. The problem occurs when one modem is transmitting and
multiple other modems receive data lor their hosts and become ready to transmit.
These other modems will wait until the iirst modem linishes its transmission and
then all attempt to transmit simultaneously, resulting in a collision. This creates
the need lor collision avoidance. The AirNet protocol provides this by having
AirNet Packet Protocol
31
Basic System - Setup
Summary
Slot Tlme
Min Idle Slots
Tx Index
Packet Timeout
modems randomize their transmissions once they detect an idle channel, In each
slot after a modem detects an idle channel, it will decide with some probability
(based on the Transmission Index) whether or not to transmit. This does not
eliminate collisions, but, it the probability is set correctly, minimizes the collisions
to allow lor efficient multi-access use at the radio channel.
Slot Time
The Aeret protocol uses timing slots to determine when to attempt transmissions,
These slots are slightly different from the slots used in conventional mum-access
slotted MACs. The AirNet slots are the minimum channel detection limes or the
minimum time lrom when one modem begins transmission to when all other
modems will detect that transmission. This size slot guarantees that modems
waiting to transmit in consecutive slots will not collide and allows for very elticient
use at the radio channel.
The following is a summary ol the suggested settings tor a basic CSMA system.
A basic system does not have any store and lorward relays. Note that more
detail on the parameters and equations can be lound later in this section.
Slot Time = Attack Time + Maximum Carrier Detect Time Variation
= 1.5 x Attack Time
Where:
Attack Time = Hadio Attack Time + Additional Transmit Attack Time
Tx Decay Time and Tx Attack Time are ﬁxed values that are preset
for the radio in the TS4000. These values can be read out oi the
TS4000 using the retrieve radio conﬁguration menu or button. The
Additional Transmit Attack Time is the value set on the radio tab of
the modern configuration.
Min idle Slots - ACK Packets
Min Idle Slots - Data Packets
Tx Index - ACK Packets = 1
Tx lndex ~ Data Packets = Estimated Backlagged Nodes / Attempt Rate
Where:
Attempt Rate = JPacket Detection Ftatio
Packet Detection Ratio = Slot Time / Total Packet Time
Total Packet Time = Attack Time + Packet Transmit Time + Decay Time
Packet Transmit Time = Packet Length / Channel Hale
Packet Length = (Data Bits + Overhead Bits)
x Framing Overhead x Coding Overhead
:(Data Bits+112}x1.1(x1,5}
Overhead Bits = 14 bytes x 8 bits per byte = 112 bits
Framing Overhead = 1.1
Coding Overhead (optional) : 1.5
Packet Timeout: Decay Time + Attack Time + ACK Packet Transmit Time
Where:
Decay Time = Tx Decay Time + Additional Transmit Attack Time
Attack Time = Tx Attack Time + Additional Transmit Attack Time
AirNet Packet Protocol
32
ACK Packet Transmit Time = ACK Packet Length / Channel Flate
ACK Packet Length -Uncoded = 16 bytes x 8 bits per byte = 128 bits
-Coded = 128 bits x 1.5 = 192 bits
System with Relays . The following is a summary of the suggested settings for a system that has one
Setup Summary or more store and forward relays._ Note that more detail on the parameters and
equations can be found later In this sectlon,
Slot Time Slot Time = Attack Time + Maximum Carrier Detect Time Variation
= 1.5 x Attack Time
Where:
Attack Time = Ftadio Attack Time + Additional Transmit Attack Time
Tx Decay Tlme and Tx Attack Time are ﬁxed values that are preset
lor the radio in the TS4000t These values can be read out oi the
TSAOOO using the retrieve radio configuration menu or button. The
Addilional Transmit Attack Time ls the value set on the radio tab of
the modem conﬁguration.
Mln Idle Slots Min Idle Slots - ACK Packets = 0
Min Idle Slots - Relay Packets (Relay #1) = 1
Min Idle Slots — Relay Packets (Relay #2) = 2
Min idle Slots - Relay Packets (Relay #Z) = 2
Min idle Slots — Data Packets : Highest Relay # + 1 = Z + 1
Tx Index Tx index - ACK Packets = 1
Tx Index - Relay Packets = 1
Tx Index - Data Packets : Estimated Backlogged Nodes / Attempt Fiate
Where:
Estimated Backlogged Nodes (number of nodes that simultaneously want
to transmit): the greater of
A) Average Number of Backlogged Nodes or
B) 1/4 Maximum Possible Number of Backlogged Nodes
Attempt Rate = JPackel Detection Ratio
Packet Detection Ratio = Slot Time / Total Packet Time
Total Packet Time = Attack Time + Packet Transmit Time + Decay Time
Packet Transmit Time = Packet Length / Channel Hate
Packet Length = (Data Hits 4» Overhead Bits)
x Framing Overhead x Coding Overhead
= {Data Bits +112)x1,1{x1t5}
Overhead Bits = 14 bytes x 8 bits per byte : 1 12 bits
Framing Overhead : 1.1
Coding Overhead (optional) : 1.5
AirNel Packet Protocol 33
Packet Timeout Packet Timeout: Relay Delays for Data Packet
+ Ack Packet Delay at Destination Node
+ Relay Delays for ACK Packet
Where:
Relay Delays lor Data Packet = Relay #1Data Packet Delay
+ Relay #2 Data Packet Delay
+ Fiela y #Y Data Packet Delay
Ftela y #Y Data Packet Delay = Decay Time
+ ( Y x Slot Time)
+ Attack Time
+ Data Packet Transmit Time
Date Packet Transmit Time = Data Packet Length / Channel Rate
Data Packet Length = {Data Bits + Overhead Bits)
x Framing Overhead x Coding Overhead
Overhead Bits = 14 bytes x 8 bits per byte = 112 bits
Framing Overhead = 1,1
Coding Overhead (optional) = 15
ACK Packet Delay at Destination Node : Decay Time
+ Attack Time
+ ACK Packet Transmit Time
Relay Delays lorACK Packet = Relay MACK Packet Delay
+ Relay #2 ACK Packet Delay
+ Relay #VACK Packet Delay
Relay #YACK Packet Delay : Decay Time
+ (Y x Slot Time)
4» Attack Time
+ ACK Packet Transmit Time
ACK Packet Transmit Time = ACK Packet Length / Channel Rate
ACK Packet Length -Llncoded = 16 bytes x 8 bits per byte : 123 bits
{Jaded = 128 bits x 1.5 = 192 bits
Decay Time = Tx Decay Time + Additional Transmit Attack Time
Attack Time = TX Attack Time + Additional TransmltAttack Time
Setting Slot Time The slot time should be set to the attack time of the radio plus the maximum
variation (uncertainty) in the carrier detection circuit The variation in the carrier
detection circuit is the diﬁerence in the carrier detect time between the radio with
the fastest carrier detect time and the radio with the slowest carrier detect time.
Note that the attack time is made up at the worst case transmitter power ramp up
time plus the worst case carrier detect timet Typically the maximum variation of
the carrier detect circuit is less than half (50%) of the attack time.
AirNst Packet Protocol 34
Setting Min Idle Slots
Systems without Relays
Systems with Relays
Min Idle Slots
Slot Time = Attack Time + Maximum Carrier Detect Time Variation
= 1.5 x Attack Time
Attack Time : Tx Attack Time + Additional Transmit Aftack Time
Tx Attack Time is a ﬁxed value that is preset lor the radio in the
TS4000. This value can be read out of the T54000 using the retrieve
radio conﬁguration menu or button. The Additional Transmit Attack
Time is the value set on the radio tab of the modern configuration.
The minimum idle slot setting defines the number of slots which a modem will
leave vacant alter the modem detects an idle channel and before the modem
attempts to transmit. A setting of 0 means that the modem will begin attempting
transmission in the very first slot after the channel becomes available (idle). A
setting at 1 means that the modern will wait 1 slot alter the channel is available
before attempting to transmit. The number of minimum idle slots can be set
differently tor each packet type (data, ACK or relay).
The simplest and most efficient system setup is where ACK (acknowledgment)
packets are sent immediately after a valid data packet is received. With this
setup the ACK packets do not contend for the channel the way data packets do.
Correspondingly, the data packets are set so that they Wlll leave the ﬁrst slot open
for the ACK packets.
This type of setup has the advantage that the delay for receiving an ACK packet
is consistent and predictable. This makes it much easier to set an appropriate
packet timeout (see Setting Packet Timeout).
Min Idle Slots , ACK Packets = 0
Min Idle Slots - Data Packets = 1
Tx Index -ACK Packets = 1 (Always transmit in the first slot)
Tx Index - Data Packets = Attempt Flare (see Setting Tx Index)
For systems with one or more relay nodes, the simplest and most efficient system
setup is where each relay is assigned a particular slot. This way the relays do not
collide or contend lor the channel the way data packets do. The data packets are
set so that they will leave the necessary number of slots open for the relays and
ACK packets.
This type of setup has the advantage that the delay (or sending data through the
rslay(s) is consistent and predictable. This makes it much easier to set an
appropriate packet timeout (see Setting Packet Timeout).
Min Idle Slots - ACK Packets = 0
Min Idle Slots - Relay #1 = 1
Min Idle Slots - Flelay #2 = 2
Min Idle Slots - Relay #N = N
Min Idle Slots - Data Packets = Highest Relay # + 1 = N + 1
AIrNet Packet Protocol
35
Tx Index
Setting Tx Index
TX Index - Relays (All) = 1 (Always transmit in their assigned slot)
Tx Index - ACK Packets : 1 (Always transmit in the ﬁrst slot)
Tx Index - Data Packets = Attempt Plate (see Setting Tx Index)
The transmission index (TI) is the inverse oi the probability ol transmitting in an
idle slot. ATI 01 10 corresponds to a 1I10 = 10% chance of transmitting in an idle
slot. The goai ol setting TI is to maximize efficiency on the channei. If TI is set
too low then transmissions coilide too olten. It TI is set too high then there are an
excessive number of unused slats.
AirNet ailows TI to be set differently for each packet type (data, ACK or relay).
For most systems, TI is set to 1 tor ACK and relay packets (see Setting Min Idle
Slots). The setting at 1 corresponds to always transmitting (100% probability) in a
particular slot.
To set TI. the user must make some practical estimates and then do some
calculations based on these estimates. First ‘it is necessary to estimate the
average data packet length. To do this, estimate the average number of data bits
in a packet using the following formulas.
Packet Length = (Data Bits + Overhead Bits)
x Framing Overhead x Coding Overhead
Overhead Bits = 14 bytes x 8 bits per byte = 112 bits
Framing Overhead = 1.1
Coding Overhead (optional) = 1.5
Packet Length : (Data Bits + 112) x 1.1 {x 1.5}
With this average packet length number, calculate the packet transmit time. Note
that the formulas require the conﬁguration values ior transmit attack and decay
time.
Packet Transmit Time = Packet Length / Channel Rate
Total Packet Time = Attack Time + Packet Transmit Time + Decay Time
Decay Time : Tx Decay Time + Additional Transmit Attack Time
Attack Time = Tx Attack Time + Additional TransmitAttack Time
Tx Decay Time and Tx Attack Time are fixed values that are preset
for the radio in the TS4000. These values can be read out 01 the
TS4000 using the retrieve radio conﬁguration menu or buﬂon. The
Additional Transmit Attack Time is the value set on the radio tab of
the modem conﬁguration.
Calculate the packet detection ratio, which is the slot time normalized to the total
packet time. Then, using packet detection ratio, calculate the attempt rate as its
square root.
Packet Detection Ratio = Slat Time / Total Packet Time
Attempt Rate = «I Packet Detection Ratio
Aeret Packet Protocol
36
To tlnally calculate the transmission mdex we need to estimate the number of
backlogged nodes (the number ol nodes that may want to transmit at the same
time). The diﬂiculty in estimating this value is that lor most systems this number
is dynamic and can change dramatically depending on what is occurring in the
system,
For systems where the backlog can vary, estimate the average number of
backlogged nodes lor the most common scenario and also estimate the
maximum number of backlogged nodes that will ever occur. If the average
number of backlogged nodes is more than 1/4 of the maximum. then use the
average as the backlog number, OthenNise use 1/4 ol the maximum as the
backlog number. The reason for this is that the system must operate under the
worst case conditions. It the backlog is set too low then under worst case
conditions, there Wlll be an excessive number at collisions and the system Will be
very slow.
In general it is a good idea to set the transmission index higher than expected as
opposed to lower. This allows the system to more gracefully handle peak tratlio.
However. this also causes average efﬁciency to drop and packet delay time to
increase.
Transmission Index = Estimated Backlogged Nodes / Attempt Rate
Estimated Backlogged Nodes = the greater of
A) Average Number of Backlogged Nodes or
B) 1/4 Maximum Possible Number of Backlogged Nodes
Example: Calculation of the transmission index.
Tx Attack Time = 20 ms
Tx Decay Time = 12 ms
Additional Transmit Attack Time = 0 ms
Over air channel rate = 9600 bps
Coding = Disabled
Average Packet Size = 400 bits
Average Backlogged Nodes = 10
Maximum Backlogged Nodes = 100
Slot Time = 30 ms
Packet Length = (Data Bits + 112) x 1.1 = (400 + 112) x 1.1 = 564
Packet Transmit Time = Packet Length / Channel Rate
= 564/9600 = 59 ms
Total Packet Time = Attack Time + Packet Transmit Time + Decay Time
=20ms+59ms+12ms=91 ms
Packet Detection Ratio = Slot Time / Total Packet Time
= 30 "18/91 ms = 0.33
Attempt Ftate = sqn(Packet Detection Ratio) = sqrt(0.33) = 0.57
Since: Max Backlogged Nodes / 4 > Average Backlogged Nodes
Estimated Backlogged Nodes = Max Backlogged Nodes / 4
= 100 l 4 = 25
Transmission Index = Estimated Backlogged Nodes / Attempt Rate
= 25 / 0.57 = 44
AIrNet Packet Protocol 37
Setting Packet
Timeout
Systems without Relays
Systems with Relays
The packet timeout timer is used for individual packets that expect an
acknowledgment (ACK). This timer is started alter a data packet is sent. It an
ACK is not received belore the timer expires then a retry transmission oi the data
packet is sent. This timer should be set longer than the worst case typical
amount ol time it takes to receive an ACK packet.
The following calculations are lor systems that are setup so that ACK packets are
sent immediately after the data packet transmission is completed without
contending for the channel (see Setting Min ldle Slots). For this type of CSMA
system the packet timeout time is the same as for a Master/Slave system. The
ACK is sent as soon as the decay time of the sending modem is linished.
Packet Timeout Time = Decay Time + Attack Time
+ ACK Packet Transmit Time
Decay Time = Tx Decay Time + Additional Transmit Attack Time
Attack Time = Tx Attack Time 4» Additional TransmitArtack Time
ACK Packet Transmit Time = ACK Packet Length / Channel Rate
An ACK packet fits in one data frame (16 bytes) ol data. If coding is
used, then 50 % coding overhead is added to this.
ACK Packet Length -Uncoded = 16 bytes x 8 bits per byte = 128 bits
»Coded = 128 bits x 1.5 = 192 bits
The following calculations are (or systems that are setup as described in the
Setting Min idle Slots section, The packet timeout should be set to the amount of
time it takes to send the data packet and then the amount oi time it takes to get
back an acknowledgement.
Packet Timeout = Relay Delays for Data Packet
+ Ack Packet Delay at Destination Node
+ Relay Delays for ACK Packet
The amount of time it takes to send a data packet is the sum of the amount of
time it takes each relay to send the data packet.
Relay Delays for Data Packet = Relay #1Data Packet Delay
+ Relay #2 Data Packet Delay
li'Relay #Y Data Packet Delay
The time it takes each relay to send the packet is basically the packet transmit
time. Added to this must be the number oi idle slots between the last
transmission and when the current relay decides to transmit.
Relay #Y Date Packet Delay = Decay Time
+ {Yx Slot Time)
1» Attack Time
+ Data Packet Transmit Time
AirNet Packet Protocol
38
Data Packet Delay
Average Delay
Data Packet Transmit Time = Data Packet Length / Channel Flare
Data Packet Length = (Data Bits + Overhead Bits)
x Framing Overhead x Coding Overhead
Overhead Bits = 14 bytes x 8 bits per byte = 112 bits
Framing Overhead = 1.1
Coding Overhead (optional) = 1.5
The ACK packet delay at the destination node is the amount of time it takes for
the destination node to send the ACK packet.
ACK Packet Delay at Destination Node = Decay Time
+ Attack Time
+ ACK Packet Transmit Time
After the ACK packet is transmitted by the destination node. it must be re-
transmitted by the various relays in the system. This is the sum oi the time it
takes each relay to transmit the ACK packet.
Relay Delays lorACK Packet = Relay #1ACK Packet Delay
+ Relay 492 ACK Packet Delay
I+A Relay #Y ACK Packet Delay
Relay #YACK Packet Delay = Decay Time
+ (Yx Slat Time)
+ Attack Time
+ ACK Packet Transmit Time
ACK Packet Transmit Time : ACK Packet Length / Channel Hate
ACK Packet Length -Uncoded : 16 bytes x a bits per byte = 128 bits
-Coded = 128 bits x 1.5 = 192 bits
Decay Time = Tx Decay Time + Additional Transmit Attack Time
Attack Time = TX Attack Time 4» Additional TrensrnitArtack Time
The average delay is the average amount of time from when a packet is ready for
transmission to when the packet is actually transmitted. This number is for a
single attempt and does not include the time for any retrias due to corrupted
transmissions. Note that the average delay varies based on the number of
backlogged nodes in the system at a given time. Also note that the average
delay varies substantially even with constant conditions due to the random nature
of events,
For ease of notation we shall rename some of the parameters.
Tslat = Slot Time
PDR : Packet Detection Ratio
Tl = Transmission index
N = Eacklogged Nodes
PH = (Tl - 1)/TI
AirNet Packet Protocol
39
Average Delay : Tslot x (1 + PDFl - PEN)
PDR x In(1/PR)
Where: In symbolizes the natural log iunction.
Example: Using the values from the previous example, calculate the average delay for
various backlogs.
Tsict = Slot Time = 30 ms = 0.03 sec
PDR = Packet Detection Ratio = 0.33 (from previous example)
TI = Transmission Index = 44 (from previous example)
pH = (Tl-1)/Tl=(44 -1)/44 = 0.977
Average Delay: T§IQ§ x (t + PDH - PFlNl = 0.03 1 + 0.33 - 0.977N
PDH x ln(1lPR) 0.33 In(1/0.977)
= 9,523 1.33 - 0.977N) = 3.91 (1 .33 - 0.977N)
0.00768
Backlogged Nodes (N) 10 25 50 75 100
Average Delay (sec) 2.1 3.0 4.0 4.5 4.8
Probable Delay The probable delay calculation allows the user to calculate the expected delay
given some probability that the transmission actually occurs. The probable delay
value can be used for calculating a packet timeout value for a system where the
ACK packets do not use an immediate ACK and have a transmission index the
same as the data packets. It can also be used to calculate timeouts tor layers ol
the protocol stack above the modern on the host system. Note that the probabie
delay value does not include any transmission times due to relays and
acknowledgement packets.
The basis ot the probable delay is the average delay calculated above. As noted
belore, the average delay will vary based on the actual number at backlogged
nodes in a system.
Probable Delay = Average Delay x inn/(1 - Probability of Sending»
Where:
The Probability of Sending is a fractional/zed percentage (Le. 5096 e
0.50, 95% : 0.95).
Example: Calculate the probable delay for various probabilities of sending in terms of the
average delay.
Probabililyol Sending (Va) 25 50 75 90 95 99 99.9
Probable Delay (Avg. Delays) 0.29 0.69 1.38 2.30 3.00 4.61 6.91
Note that the 50% probability of sending value is not equal to the average delay.
This is because the delay spread is a statistical distribution where the mean and
median delays are not the same.
AirNet Packet Protocol 40
Testing
A'l‘T St The TSAOOO configuration program is provided with AirTest. Teledesign’s general
| e purpose wireless modem test software. AirTest can send data and gather
performance statistics about the link between two modems,
To start AirTest press the AirTest button on the main screen of the configuration
program. For details on using AirTest consult AirTest's on line help.
sl Itnm Teledes
Comm Pnrt 1
To test the operation of the TS4000, AirTest can be used to pass data between
Data TeSt two modems.
1) Attach two TS4000s each to a PC serial port.
2) Setup AirTest lor the correct serial port baud rate, data bits and parity
(matches the TS4000’s setting).
3) Transmit data between the TS4000s by typing a message into the Tx
Message box of the Comm Port window followed by the ENTER key.
4) Automated tests can be run that will send data and verity that it is received
correctly. To select a test, use the Test Setup command lrom the Setup
menu. Use the on line help to obtain more inlorrnation about each test.
BER Test A BER (Bit Error Rate) test is used to determine how good a radio environment is
for transmitting data. The BER result tells the percentage of bits that are
corrupted. A BER of 3.0 x 10'4 means that 3 out oi 10,000 (104) bits are
corrupted.
Testing 41
The longer a BER lest runs the more accurate the result. To get an accurate
result a BEFl test should be run until at least 100 errors have been received. This
provides a 90% confidence level in the BER value. However. m a relatively error
free environment this can take a very long time. An alternative is to run the BER
test unt|i at least 10 errors have been received which provides a 68% confidence
level.
AirTest can be setup to mn 5 BER test, To run a BER test, the TS40005 must be
configured with packet operation disabled. This is because when the TS4000 is
setup for packet operation it discards corrupted packets and does not send them
out the serial port,
1) Attach two TSAOOOs each to a PC serial port.
2) Setup AirTest for the correct serial port baud rate, data bits and parity
(matches the TS4000’s setting).
3) Select and start one of the automated tests. To select a test, use the Test
Setup command from the Setup menu. Use the on-Iine help lor details about
the dillerent tests.
4) Wait and observe the results.
Testing
42
Upgrading Firmware
The TS4000 comes with ﬂash program memory that allows the firmware to be
easily upgraded in the field. Firmware is upgraded with the upgrade program
which is included as part of the T54000 configuration program.
Upgrading 12:
3)
4)
5)
154mm Conﬁguration , [Upgrade F. mare] Ff?
Attach the TS4000 to a PC serial port.
Start the upgrade program by pressing the Upgrade Firmware button on the
main screen ol the configuration program.
Select the lirmware version to upgrade to.
a) It the desired ﬁrmware version does not show up, us the Find File button
(or menu) to manually search lorlhe necessary file.
Press the Connect to Modern button to connect the upgrade program to the
TS4000.
Press the Upgrade button and wait for the upgrade to complete.
Upgrading Firmware
43
User’s License
Channel Spacing and
Occupied Bandwidth
Licensing
Licensing
To be operated legally, radio equipment requires two types of licensing; the
manufacturers license that the manufacturer obtains and the user license that the
user must obtain.
For most radio equipment, the user is required to obtain an operating license.
This is done so that the government can coordinate radio users in order to
minimize interterence.
It is the user's responsibility to obtain the necessary licenses prior to
transmitting over the air with the TSdOOt). The user is aiso responsible for
proper setup, operationI and maintenance of the TS4000 so that it complies with
the limits specified by the license.
Changes of ma as not expressly approved by Teledeslgn Systems
Inc. could void the user’s authority to operate this equipment.
Shielded cable must be used with this equipment in order to ensure that it meets
the emissions limits for which it was designed. it is the responsibility ol the user
to obtain and use good quality shielded interface cables with this device.
Shielded interface cables are available from most retail and commercial suppiiers
of interface cables designed to work with personal computer peripherals.
Within the different frequency bands (i.e. VHF, UHF, 900 MHz etc.) channels are
licensed with a specific channel spacing (Le. 25 KHz, 12.5KHz, etc). The
channel spacing corresponds to difference between the center frequency of
adjacent channels. The TS4000 can be ordered with various channei spacing
options.
For each frequency band and channel spacing, there is a corresponding
maximum occupied bandwidth. The maximum occupied bandwidth is the amount
of frequency bandwidth that the useron a channel is allowed to occupy This is
typicaily (but not always) less than the channel spacing in order to minimize
interference between users on adjacent channels.
The occupied bandwidth of the TS4000 can be configured by the user (see Radio
Setup). The occupied bandwidth must be set to a value less than or equal to the
maximum allowed occupied bandwidth of the channels that the user is operating
on. Note that the setting of occupied bandwidth limits the maximum overthe air
data rate that the TS4000 can operate at. The maXimum over the air data rate is
also dependent on the modulation type selected.
For each T5400!) there is a maximum occupied bandwidth that cannot be
exceeded and is dependent on the bandwidth of the specific radio module that
the unit was ordered with. This maximum occupied bandwidth is configured when
the unit is manufactured and cannot be changed by the end user.
Within the us, the FCC indicates the maximum occupied bandwidth as part of the
channel emission designator. For example, an emission designator of 1GKOF1D
corresponds to a 160 KHZ occupied bandwidth. The emission designator of the
USA (FCC)
Licensing Service
Companies
Phone Numbers
International
Manufacturer’s
License
USA (FCC)
Part 15
Part 90
Industry Canada
1055-003
Res-119
licensed channel or channels shows up on the license form that is received when
the FCC (or other appropriate licensing agency) grants a license.
The TS4000 is licensed under the FCC (Federal Communications Commissmn)
Part 90 rules. The FCC regulates the operation and licensing of radio equipment
in the US. To obtain a license to operate radio equipment a user must ﬁll out the
appropriate FCC terms and pay an application lee.
Many FCC licenses also require that the user obtain frequency coordination lrom
the appropriate organization. The coordination organizations handle the up front
work cl qualifying applications and allocating channels. The appropriate
coordination organization depends on the type at license (voice. data. paging,
etc), type of user (business, government. etc.) and the lrequencies
To help with the licensing process, there are companies who, ior a lee, Will ﬁll out
and file the papenlvork necessary to obtain a license.
Atlas License Company 800-252-0529
LAO (Licensing Assistance Oltice) 717-337-9830
FCC 888-225-5322
PClA 8007590300 (Coordination agency for most business licenses)
Countries other than the USA have dillerent rules for operating radio equipment.
The user should work with the appropriate government agency to obtain the
necessary licenses and to make sure that the TS4000 meets the licensing
requirements.
To sell most radio equipment, the manulacturer must obtain a license that
guarantees that their equipment meets the necessary regulations Ior operation.
The regulations vary based on the country and frequency ol operation.
The TS4000 has been tested and lound to comply with the limits tor a Class B
digital device, pursuant to Part15 ol the FCC rules (Code ol Federal Regulations
47CFFI Part 15). Operation is subject to the condition that this device does not
cause harmlul interference.
The TS4000 has been type accepted for operation by the FCC in accordance
with Part 90 of the FCC rules (47CFR Part 90), See the label on the unit for the
specific FCC ID and any other certification designations.
This Class 5 digital apparatus meets all requirements of the Canadian
Interference-Causing Equipment Regulations.
The TS4000 has been certified lor operation by Industry Canada in accordance
with FlSS-119 and Piss-210 oi the Industry Canada rules. See the label on the
unit for the specilic Industry Canada certification number and any other
certiﬁcation designations.
Licensing
45
International
Many countries allow radio equipment that meets the FCC rules to be operated.
However, some countries have their own rules which radio manufactures must
comply with. It is the user's responsibility to ensure that the TS4000 meets the
required regulations.
Licensing
46
Contacting
Teledesign
Fieturni rig
Equipment
Service and Support
We at Teledesngn Systems are committed to providing excellent sen/ice and
supponto our customers. Our goal is to make using our products as easy and
painless as possible. To accomplish this Teledesign provides free technical
support for all our products during all phases of sales, installation, and use.
SerVice and technical support can be reached during our normal business hours
of 8 AM to 5 PM (Pacific Standard Time) Monday through Friday. Teledesign
Systems can be reached at the iollowing phone numbers.
(900) 663-3674 or (300) MODEMSA (USA & Canada only)
(408) 435—1 024
(408) 438-0321 (Fax)
We can reached by email at:
support@teledesignsystems.com
corpcommOteledesignsystems.com
salss@te|edesignsyslems.com
We can be reached by mail at:
Teladesign Systems inc.
1710 Zanker Road
San Jose, CA 95112-4215
USA
In addition we have a web site which contains our latest product information and
downloads:
www.te|edesignaystems.com
Before returning equipment to Teledesign, please call for an RMA numberand
shipping information. This allows us to plan for your shipment in order to provide
the best possible service When returning equipment, please include a note
indicating the symptoms of the failure and any other pertinent information
Service and Support
47
Two Year Warranty
EXCILISIOI‘IS
Limitations
Warranty
Teledesign Systems Inc. warrants this product to be free from detects in materials
and workmanship for a period of two (2) years from the date of shipment During
the warranty period. Teledesign Systems Inc. will, at its option, either repair at
replace products that prove to be defective.
This warranty shall not apply to any defect, failure or damage caused by misuse,
abuse, improper application, alteration, accident, disaster, negligence. use
outside of the environmental specifications, improper or inadequate maintenance,
or incorrect repair or servicing not performed or authorized by TeIedesign
Systems Inc.
TELEDESIGN SYSTEMS INC. SHALL IN NO EVENT HAVE OBLIGATIONS OR
LIABILITIES TO BUYER OR ANY OTHER PERSON FOR LOSS OF PROFITS,
LOSS OF USE OR INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES,
WHETHER BASED ON CONTRACT. TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE),
STRICT LiABILITY, OR ANY OTHER THEORY OR FORM OF ACTION, EVEN
IF TELEDESIGN SYSTEMS INC. HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY
THEREOF. ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SALE,
DELIVERY, USE, REPAIR, OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS PRODUCT
(INCLUDING EQUIPMENT, DOCUMENTATION AND SOFTWARE). IN NO
EVENT SHALL THE LIABILITY OF TELEDESIGN SYSTEMS INC. ARISING IN
CONNECTION WITH ANY PRODUCT EXCEED THE ACTUAL AMOUNT PAID
FOR SUCH PRODUCT.
THIS WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, WRITTEN OR
ORAL, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
Warranty
Standard Case
Appendix A - Serial Port
Connector
The standard case uses a 9 pin subminiature D connector with female pins for
each serial port.
Serial Port 1 Pinout Mm! Direction Notes
1 DCD - Data Carrier Detect Output
2 RXD - Receive Data Output
3 TXD — Transmit Data Input
4 DTR - Data Terminal Ready Input [1] [2]
All) Modern Power Input
5 Ground --
s DSR . Data Set Ready Output [1] [3]
Ail) Always in the high state. Output
7 RTS - Request to Send Input
8 CTS — Clear to Send Output
9 Modern Power Input [1] [4]
Alt) DSR - Data Set Ready Output
Serial port 2 Pinout Pin Signal DIrectIon Notes
1 DCD - Data Carrier Detect Output
2 RXD - Receive Data Output
3 TXD — Transmit Data Input
4 DTFt - Data Terminal Ready Input
5 Ground --
6 DSR ~ Data Set Ready Output [1] [3]
All) Always in the high state. Output
7 RTS - Request to Send Input
8 CTS - Clear to Send Output
9 Modem Power Input [1] [4]
Alt) DSR - Data Set Ready Output
- Connector
Watertight Case The watertight case uses a single 19 pin LEMO connector (part # TBD).
Pinout Pin Port Signal Direction Wire Color [5 Notes
1 1 DCD - Dela Carrier Detect Output TBD
2 1 RXD - Receive Data Output
3 1 TXD ~ Transmit Data input
4 1 DTR - Data Terminal Reedy input [1] [2]
Alt) Modem Power Input
5 -- Ground --
6 1 DSR - Data Set Ready Output [1] [3]
All) Always in the high state. Output
7 1 RTS » Request to Send Input
8 1 CTS - Clear to Send Output
Appendix A - Serial Pen 49
Notes:
Pin Port Signal Direction Wire Color EL Notes
9 1 Modern Power Input TBD [1] [4]
Alt) DSFi » Data Set Ready Output
10 2 DCD - Data Carrier Detect Output
11 2 leD - Receive Data Output
12 2 TXD - Transmit Data Input
13 2 DTR - Data Terminal Ready Input
1a »- Ground -»
15 2 DSR - Data Set Fleady Output [1] [3]
Alt) Always in the high state. Output
16 2 RTS - Request to Send Input
17 2 CTS - Clear to Send Output
18 »- Ground --
19 —- Modem Power Input
[1]
[2]
These pins have multiple internal signals that they can be connected to. The
connection options are selected with internal jumper plugs (see Appendix F .
Internal Jumper Block),
This pin is normally setup as the serial port DTFI (Data Terminal Ready) line.
which is an input for DCEs (input to the TS4000). As an alternative, this pin
can be setup to teed power into the TS4000.
[3]
[4]
[5]
Caution: The use of the DTR pin for power is nan-standard. Therefore
the T5400!) serial port must not be connected to a standard serial
device Mat drlves the DTR pin (Le. a PC). This results in the power supply
voltage 01 the T5400!) being shorted to the DTFi output of the host serial port,
which could damage to the host device. Therefore. when connecting the
TS4000 to a PC tor configuration, make sure that the cable does not have a
DTFl (pin 4) connection.
This pin is normally setup as the serial port DSH (Data Set Ready) line, which
is an output for DCEs (output of the TS4000),
As an alternative, this pin can be set to always be in the active high state, In
this case the pin is internally connected to +5 volts through a 1 Km resistor.
This pin is normally setup as a power input pin. As an alternative, this pin can
be setup as the serial port DSR (Data Set Ready) line which is an output tor
DCEs (output 01 the TS4000).
For standard RS-232 ports this pin is the RI (Fling Indicator} line, which is an
output for DCEs (the TS4000). Therefore the use of this pin as a power pin is
nonstandard and therelore care should be taken when connecting the
TS4000 to standard serial devices. For most serial ports this is not a problem
because F" is a modem (DOE) output and the T54000 power supply tails
within the allowed voltage range for RS-232 signals. Therefore the power
voltage on this pin is interpreted as an active RI signal. For systems that use
the HI signal differently, or cannot stand power on this pin, this pin should be
disconnected between the TS4000 and the host equipment.
These are the wire colors of the internal wires for the standard cable provided
with the watertight version of the TS4000.
Appende A » Serial Port
50
Standard RS-232
Serial Port Pinout
Standard Usage of
the RS-232 Control
Signals
Signal Levels
RS-232 Signal Levels
Signal Connector Pinout Direction
Signal Name Mnemonic 9 Pin 25 Pin DCE DTE
Signal Ground SG 5 1. 7 —— —~
Transmit Data TXD 3 2 Input Output
Receive Data RXD 2 3 Output Input
Request to Send RTS 7 4 Input Output
Clear to Send CTS 8 5 Output Input
Data Carrier Detect DCD 1 8 Output lnput
Ring Indicator RI 9 22 Output Input
Data Set Ready DSFl 6 6 Output Input
Date Terminal Ready DTR 4 20 Input Output
Signal
FITS - Request to Send
CTS - Clear to Send
DCD - Data Carrier Detect
RI - Ring Indicator
DSR - Data Set Ready
DTR - Data Terminal Ready
Description
Request tor transmission from the DTE.
Response (to the Request to Send) lrom the DOE
indicating a readiness to transmit data.
Status item the DOE indicating that it is receiving.
Status item the DOE indicating that it has detected
the ring state.
Status from the DCE indicating that it is
operational.
Status from the DTE indicating that it is
operational.
Serial port 1 can be configured for either RS-232 or ‘I'l'L signal levels. The signal
level selection is controlled with internal iumper plugs (see Appendix F ~ lntemal
Jumper Block).
The IRS-232 standard defines minimum and maximum voltage levels tor the
drivers and receivers. However. in practice the drivers and receivers work
correctly with signal levels that are different from the speciﬁcation.
Level (volts DC)
Tvpe Low High
Drivers (into a 3k to 7k ohm load)
RS-232 Specification -15 to -5 +5 to +15
Actual TSAOOO Drive Levels ~9 to -6 +6 to +9
Receivers (with 3k to 7k ohm load)
FlS-232 Specification -25 to -3 +3 to +25
Actual TS4000 Receive Levels -25 to +0.8 +2.4 to +25
Appendix A - Serial Port
51
TTL Signal Levels
Signal Polarity
Level (volts Dc)
Tvpe Low High
Output (Driver) 00 to +0.4 +3.0 to +5.0
(sinking up In 4 mA) (sourcing up to 4 mA)
Input (Receiver) -25 to +03 +24 to +25
(3k in 7k ohm load)
The signal polarity is the same tor both HS—232 and ”I'll operation
Level Stem
Voltage Low Mark
Control signal inactive
Stop bit slate (and of async character)
LOglC one data bit state (wrthin async character)
Voltage High Space
Control signal active
Start bit state (beginning of async character)
Logic zero data bit state (within async character)
Appendlx A - Serlal Port
52
Appendix B — ASCII Character Set
Control Value Value Value Value
Char Char Dec Hex Char Dec Hex Char Dec Hex Char Dec Hex
Girl-G NUL 0 00 SP 32 20 Q 64 40 ‘ 96 60
CtrI-A SOH 1 01 ! 33 21 A 65 41 a 97 61
CIrI—B STX 2 02 “ 34 22 B 66 42 b 98 62
Clrl-C ETX 3 03 13 35 23 C 67 43 c 99 63
CIrI-D EDT 4 04 $ 36 24 D 68 44 d 100 64
Girl-E EN0 5 05 °/u 37 25 E 69 45 e 101 65
CtrI-F ACK 6 06 & 38 26 F 70 46 1 102 66
CtrIfG BEL 7 07 ‘ 39 27 G 71 47 g 103 67
CIrI-H BS 8 08 ( 40 28 H 72 48 h 104 68
CIrI-I HT 9 09 ) 41 29 l 73 49 i 105 69
ClrI»J LF 10 0A ' 42 2A J 74 4A ] 106 6A
CIrI-K VT 11 GB + 43 25 K 75 48 k 107 6B
CHI-L FF 12 0C ‘ 44 20 L 76 4G I 108 60
Ctrl—M CR 13 OD - 45 2D M 77 4D m 109 6D
CtrI-N SO 14 GE . 46 2E N 78 4E n 110 SE
CIrl-O Sl 15 OF / 47 2F 0 79 4F 0 111 SF
CtrI-F DLE 16 10 0 48 30 P 30 50 p 112 70
CIrI—Q D01 17 11 1 49 31 Q 81 51 q 113 71
CIrl-R DC2 18 12 2 50 32 R 82 52 r 1 14 72
CIrI—S D03 19 13 3 51 33 S 83 53 s 115 73
CtrI—T DC4 20 14 4 52 34 T 84 54 I 116 74
CtrI-U NAK 21 15 5 53 35 U 85 55 u 117 75
CtrI-V SYN 22 1G 8 54 36 V 86 56 v 1 18 76
ClrI-W ETB 23 17 7 55 37 W 87 57 w 119 77
CIrl-X CAN 24 18 8 56 38 X BB 58 x 120 7B
CIrl—Y EM 25 19 9 57 39 Y 89 59 y 121 79
CIrI-Z SUB 26 1A : 58 3A 2 90 5A 1 122 7A
CtrI-[ ESC 27 1B ; 59 GB [ 91 SB ( 123 7B
CIrI—\ FS 28 10 < 60 SC \ 92 5G I 124 7C
cm-l GS 29 1D = 61 3D 1 93 50 ) 125 7D
CtrI-A HS 30 1 E > 62 SE A 94 SE - 126 7E
CtrI-A US 31 1F ? 63 SF 2 95 SF DEL 127 7F
Appendlx B - ASCII Charade! Set 53
Appendix C - Specifications
Data Rates
Data Format
Signal Levels
Handshake Protocols
Data Interface
Data Only Time Out
Data Connector
Radio - General (varies
based on speciﬁc model)
Frequency Ranges
Number of Channels
Channel Spacing
Channel Ftate
Modulation
RF Output Power
Receive Data Sensitivity
Carrier Detect Threshold
RF Connector
Data Protocol
Data Security
FEC (Coding)
Channel Options
Optional Packet Protocol Channel Access
Protocol
Packet Size
Retries
Address Space
Transfers
Relay Operatron
General Supply Voltage
Power
Power Connector
Data Bulfer
Program Storage
LED Indicators
Operating Temperature
Dimensions
Weight
Enclosure Options
300, 1200, 24410, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400 baud
Asynchronous, 8 or 9 bit words
RS-232, TIL (Port 1 only) or RS-ABS
Full Handshake: Supports RTS, CTS, DCD, DSFI, DTR
Data Activation (3 wire): Requires only TXD. RXD and SG
1 to 500 character periods
9 pin D. female, DCE (standard case)
LEMO sealed connector (watertight case)
132-200, 380-520, 925-960 MHz
99 receive/transmit pairs (in non-volatile memory)
5, 6.25, 7.5, 10, 12.5, 15, 25, 30 KHZ
2,400“) 19,200 bps
Filtered MSK. GMSK and 4 Level FSK
100 milliwatts to 5 watts,
External ampliﬁers available lor up to 100 watts
-104 dBm for less than 1 x 10"6 BER (Brt Error Rate) (typical)
-110lo -60 dBm, programmable
ENC, female, 50 9 (standard case)
TNC, female, 50 Q (watertight case)
Transparent or Packet
254 Selectable Scrambling Codes
None or 12,8 Hamming code with 16 bit Interleaving
Master-Slave or Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) with
Programmable Attempt Rate
Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ)
1 to 5000 characters
0 to 50 per packet
999 Individual Addresses per Group
60 Groups
Individual with Acknowledgment (to any address)
lndivrdual without Acknowledgment (to any address)
Group Broadcast (to all addresses in a single group)
Network Broadcast (to all addresses in all groups)
Multrcast Reception (from up to 20 other groups)
Store and Forward with Address Filtering
9 to 28 VDC
0.5 watts - Standby (typical)
075 watts - Receive (typical)
7 to 22 watts , Transmit (depends on transmit power)
2 pin Molex or through serial port
32 KBer SRAM
512 KByte Flash ROM (supports in field lirmware upgrades)
Transmit, Receive, Power
2210 +140 ”F (490 to +60 °C)
4.3" x 3.1"x10" (109 mm x 79 mm x 46 mm)
12 ounces (340 grams)
Standard and Watertight
Appendix 0 » Speciﬁcatlons
54
Appendix D - Case Dimensions
Appendix D - Case Dlmensiune 55
Appendix E - PCB Component Locations
Appendix E - PCB Component Locations 56
Appendix F - Internal Jumper Block
Appendix F - Inlemal Jumper Block
57
INTERTEK TESTING SERVICES - Menlo Park
Teledesigl Radio Modem WI 3474 Trumceiver Dale of Test: 7/2&3/98 & 7/6-8198
Appendix H - Relevant Components Speciﬁcation Sheets
See attached.
FCC ID: JWFTS4000A 29 Report 1 198019482

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Teledesign Systems TS4000A Modem User Manual 80835

Teledesign Systems Inc Modem 80835

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FCC ID Filing: JWFTS4000A

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