The Whistler Group WH07 Radar Detector User Manual

The Whistler Group Radar Detector Users Manual

Users Manual

OWNER’S MANUAL1650 SeriesLASER/RADAR DETECTORTHE WHISTLER GROUPCORPORATE HEADQUARTERS13016 N. Walton Blvd.Bentonville, AR 72712TEL (501) 273-6012 FX (501) 273-2927www.whistlergroup.comPRODUCT DEVELOPMENT CENTER25 Industrial Ave.Chelmsford, MA 01824TEL (978) 244-1400 FX (978) 244-1492CUSTOMER RETURN CENTER1201 N. Dixieland Rd.Rogers, AR 72756Consumer Relations Tel (800) 531-0004P/N 203142/2, © WHISTLER 2001
1If you have questions concerning theoperation of this Whistler productplease call consumer relations:1-800-531-0004Hours:Monday - Friday8:00 am - 5:00 pm CSTPlease keep the receipt in a safeplace. If the unit is returned without adated proof of purchase an out ofw a rranty service charge applies.Note: Your warranty period begins atthe time of purchase. The warranty isvalidated o n l y by re t u rn of theWarranty Validation card.Now is the time to record the serialnumber of the unit in the space pro-vided in the warranty section of themanual.INTRODUCTIONDear Whistler Owner,For many of us, a vehicle is more than just transportation. Itcan be a mobile office, communications or entertainmentcenter, or simply an expression of our personality. Whistlerproducts are designed to make the time you spend in yourvehicle more productive, more fulfilling, safer, or just simplymore fun. Our mission is to provide products that improveyour driving experience.Your new Whistler 1650 Series laser/radar detector detects allradar, laser and safety radar systems. The comprehensivesafety system detects all safety radar including the SafetyWarning System™ keeping you informed of road hazardsand adverse weather. Whistler’s 1650 Series also offers a dig-ital display with safety messages to keep you informed whileyou drive.To fully acquaint yourself with the operation of the Whistler1650 Series and to better understand the diff e re n c e sbetween detecting radar, laser and safety radar signals, werecommend reading this entire manual.Enjoy the Whistler 1650 Series and please drive safely.Sincerely,THE WHISTLER GROUP
Topic PageModel Features Summary....................................................3 - 5Installation.............................................................................6 - 8• Mounting Guidelines• Dash/Visor/Windshield Mounting• Power Connection And Fuse ReplacementOperation............................................................................9 - 12• Power On And Self-Test• Feature Engaged Confirmation• Auto Quiet/Quiet Modes• Highway Mode• City Mode• Dim/Dark Mode• Engaging/Disengaging VG-2 Detection• Vehicle Battery Saver ModeRadar, Laser And VG-2 Alerts..........................................13 - 16• Speed Radar Audio/Visual Alerts• Pulse Protection®• Safety Radar Audio/Visual Alerts• Laser Audio/Visual Alerts • VG-2 Audio/Visual Alerts• Alert Priority• Care and MaintenanceTroubleshooting Guide............................................................17Are Detectors Legal?...............................................................18Speed Monitoring Technologies.....................................19 - 20• Radar Facts• Laser Facts• Other Speed Detection Systems• Radar Detector DetectorsWarranty Information........................................................21 - 23Specifications............................................................................24Accessories ...............................................................................25Accessory Order Form.............................................................26WHISTLER FEATURESWhistler’s ergonomic and user-friendly design provides anew level of operating convenience. Special feature sinclude:1. Bracket Release Button – Provides quick and easyrelease of the mounting bracket.2. Power Jack – Provides connection for the power cord.3. Power/Volume Control – Turns unit on/off and adjustsaudio level.4. High Visibility Display – Provides distinct visual confir-mation of signals detected, signal strength, and indicatesengaged modes of operation.5. QUIET/Auto Quiet Button – Pressing QUIET before asignal is detected engages Auto Quiet Mode. PressingQUIET during a radar/laser encounter silences audioalerts, while allowing visual alerts to keep you informed.3TABLE OF CONTENTS2Whistler 1650 Series12347865
WHISTLER FEATURESAccessoriesAccessories included are highly functional and easy to use.Power Cord - Connects to the unit’s power jack and yourvehicle’s lighter socket.Windshield Bracket - Allows installation of unit on yourvehicle’s windshield.Hook & Loop Fasteners - Designed to secure the unit ona level dashboard.Certain 1650 Series radar detectors include additionalaccessories.5WHISTLER FEATURES6. CITY Button – Reduces the annoyance of false alertstypically encountered in urban driving areas.7. DARK/VG-2 Button –Reduces illumination of displayto “dim” or “dark” settings. Press and hold (for two sec-onds) to engage or disengage VG-2.8. Laser Antenna (Rear) –An integrated optical wave-guide provides superior detection of laser signals trans-mitted from behind.9. Laser Antenna (Front) –High gain optical lens arrayprovides increased sensitivity and field of view for leading-edge laser detection.10. Radar Antenna –Compact, high-efficiency antennareceives radar signals.11. Mounting Bracket Location –Slot holds mountingbracket firmly.4
INSTALLATIONshield bracket. Press the bracket release button and re m o v ethe detector before bending.Dash Mounting•Make sure the mounting location you have chosen is relatively level and is clean and dry. Clean with isopro p y lalcohol if necessary to remove any waxes or polishes.•Separate the fastener strips. Peel the paper backing offeach strip and adhere one piece to the dash and the otherpiece to the bottom of the unit, taking care not to coverthe serial number.Be careful not to place the fastener strip over the unit’s serial number. If thefastener strip is removed, the serial number may be pulled off the unit. Unitswithout serial numbers are not covered under warr a n t y. 7INSTALLATIONMounting Guidelines•Mount the unit as low as possible near the center of thew i n d s h i e l d .•Do not mount your unit behind wipers, ornaments, mir-ro r ed sunscreens, etc. These obstructions have metal sur-faces which can affect radar and laser signals and reduce crit-ical warning time. (Regular tinted glass does not affect re c e p -t i o n . )•Some newer windshields have an Instaclear™o rElectriclear™ type coating, which affect radar signals.Consult your dealer or the owner’s manual supplied withyour vehicle to determine if your windshield has this coating.•Avoid placing unit in direct contact with windshield.•To reduce the possibility of theft, conceal your unit whennot in use.Windshield Mounting•Install the two suction cups and rubber bumper onto thebracket by fitting them into their holes.•P r ess the suction cups onto the windshield at the locationyou have chosen. I M P O RTA N T: Some newer cars have aplastic safety coating on the inside of the windshield. Thewindshield bracket may leave permanent marks on thistype of surface. To find out if your vehicle has this type ofwindshield, check the owner’s manual or ask your dealer.We recommend that you do not leave the suction cupbracket on the window in direct sunlight. If the detectoris removed, this may cause blistering of the dash in somev e h i c l e s .•Slide the detector onto the bracket until it locks into place.• If necessary, the unit may be leveled by bending the wind-6
OPERATIONPower On And Self-TestEach time your Whistler detector is turned on, an auto-matic self-test sequence confirms that the speaker andvisual displays are functional.• Turn Power/Volume control clockwise. Display reads:Feature Engaged ConfirmationEach time a button is pressed one beep confirms feature“on”, two beeps confirm feature “off”.9INSTALLATIONVisor Mounting(optional accessory )• Slide the visor bracket into the bracket mounting slot.• Clip the visor bracket onto the visor making sure it is relatively level and has a clear view of the ro a d .Power Connection• Plug the small end of the power cord into the unit’s powerj a c k .• Plug the large end into the vehicle’s cigarette lighter.Fuse ReplacementThe lighter socket plug is equipped with a replaceable 2amp 3AG fuse located behind the silver tip. To replace thefuse, carefully unscrew the tip of the plug. (I M P O RTA N T:U n s c r ew slowly. The tip contains a spring which may fly outwhen disassembling.) Insert the new fuse with the spring ands c r ew on the tip. With use, screw cap on plug may loosen.Retighten occasionally.U n s c rew the tip of the lighter socket plug carefully when replacing the 2 ampf u s e . 8Insert into bracket mounting slot. Do not bend thissection of bracket.Slide on view
OPERATIONCity ModeW h i s t l e r ’s City Mode is designed to reduce the annoyance of auto-matic door openers, intrusion alarms and other devices whichs h a r e frequencies with police radar. •P r ess City to engage City. Display re a d s :•P r essing City a second time cancels City. Display re a d s :In City Mode, weak speed/safety radar signals give an initial alarmof two beeps, and then remains quiet unless the signal becomesv e r y strong. When the signal strength increases, two additionalbeeps are pro v i d e d .Highway ModeHighway mode provides full audio warnings any time radar (X, K, Ka,Safety) signals are detected, and is recommended for open ro a ddriving. Highway mode is automatically engaged after the unit ist u r ned on and completes the self-test.Dim/Dark ModeDim/Dark Mode reduces the illumination of the display.•P r ess Dark once to reduce illumination to a Dim setting. Display re a d s :•P ressing Dark a second time engages Dark Mode. Display re a d s :Dim or dark can be engaged during an alert. In Dark Mode, thedisplay goes dark for as long as a signal is being detected and for20 seconds after, then the display re t u r ns to the dimmer setting.•P r essing Dark a third time re s t o r es full illumination to the display.11OPERATIONAuto Quiet ModeAuto Quiet shortens the tone for the selected audioapproximately 3 seconds after a radar or safety radar sig-nal is detected. The shorter tone will resume for any newsignal within 20 seconds. Auto Quiet does not affect VG-2or laser alerts. •Press Quiet (before a signal is detected) to engage AutoQuiet. Display reads:• Once the Auto Quiet mode is engaged, you may cancelthe audio alarm by pressing Quiet.•Press Quiet (when the unit is not alarming) to cancel Auto Quiet mode.Quiet ModeQuiet cancels audio during an alert and any new alert with-in 20 seconds. After 20 seconds, 2 beeps are provided onany new alert and the unit then remains quiet.•Press Quiet to cancel the audio.•Press Quiet a second time while unit is alarming to restore the standard audio alert pattern; or turn the unit off, then on.10
RADAR/LASER ALERTSSpeed Radar Audio/Visual AlertsWhen X, K or Ka is detected the band ID and signalstrength is displayed. The audio alert is continuous andhas a geiger counter-like pattern. The faster the beep thecloser or stronger the radar source. Example:1 = weak signal, 9 = strong signalPulse Protection®When a pulse type signal (instant on strong signal) isdetected an urgent 3 second audio warning is soundedand the display reads:After 3 seconds standard alert pattern continues.13OPERATIONEngaging VG-2The Option Select Mode allows you to engage or disengageVG-2 Detection.•P r ess and hold Dark for two seconds. Display re a d s :•P r essing Dark a second time disengages VG2. Displayre a d s :I M P O RTA N T: Check to make sure that the VG-2 feature ist u rned on everytime the unit is used.Vehicle Battery Saver ModeThe Vehicle Battery Saver Mode automatically shuts off yourdetector after 3 hours if you forget to turn it off. The timer isreset if the detector is turned off, unplugged or any button isp r essed before this timer has expired. The detector will alertyou with an audible and visual warning before it shuts off .Display re a d s :During this warning you can momentarily reset the unit byp r essing any button. This will reset the timer.If the unit has automatically turned itself off, press any buttonto turn the unit back on. You can manually engage theVehicle Battery Saver Mode by pressing and holding the Citybutton until one beep is heard. The auto shutoff function willinitiate after several seconds.12
LASER ALERTS / VG-2 ALERTSLaser Audio/Visual AlertsWhen a laser signal is detected the word “Laser” and sig-nal strength is displayed, the audio alert is continuous fora minimum of 3 seconds. Example:The more “ “ the closer the laser source.VG-2 Audio/Visual AlertsWhen a VG-2 signal is detected, the detector “hides” its ownradiated signal and becomes undetectable by the VG-2.Text message confirms detection of VG-2.Every 30 seconds, the detector checks for a VG-2 signal. Ifa VG-2 signal is still present, the unit continues to hide andrepeats the VG-2 alert. If no signal is detected, two beepsare provided, indicating an “all clear” condition. DuringVG-2 Alert X, K, and Ka band signals cannot be received.Note: VG-2 must be turned on to receive VG-2 alerts.Alert PriorityWhen two or more signals are received at the same time,the alert priority is:1. Laser2. VG-23. Speed Radar4. Safety RadarExample:If X band is alerting, then suddenly VG-2 is detected, theVG-2 warning will override the X band alert.15SAFETY RADAR ALERTSIn communities where transmitters are located, the SafetyWarning System displays over 60 text messages. WhenSafety Radar is detected the audio alert is geiger counter-like.Safety Warning System TextExample: Poor Road Surface:Not all areas have Safety Warning System transmitters.Visit www.safetyradar.com for Safety Warning Systems transmitterlocations.14
TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDEYour Whistler detector is expertly engineered and designedto exacting quality standards to provide you with re l i a b l e ,t ro u b l e - f ree operation. If your unit has been correctly installedfollowing the guidelines in this manual, but is not operatingo p t i m a l l y, please refer to the troubleshooting guide below.PROBLEM: No display or audio.• Check fuse in Whistler plug; replace if necessary with a 2 amp 3AG type.• Check fuse for lighter socket; replace if necessary.• Make sure lighter socket is clean.PROBLEM: Unit alarms when vehicle hits bumps.• Check for loose lighter socket; tighten and clean.• Check connections at both ends of power cord. Substitute another cord to determine if cord is defective. Return defective cord to the factory. PROBLEM: Unit alarms when using vehicle equipment,electrical accessories (brakes, power mirrors/windows, d i rectionals, horn, etc.), or when accelerating.• Ve h i c l e ’s electrical system, including battery and altern a t o r, may have electrical noise. Install a filter capacitor (470mfd. 25 volt or larger capacitance value) on the back of the lighter socket.PROBLEM: Audio alerts are not loud enough.• Cancel Auto Quiet Mode or City Mode.PROBLEM: Unit gives laser alert when accelerating.• Possible bad or low quality distributor cap. Replace with f a c t o r y quality cap.If difficulties occur which cannot be solved by information inthis Troubleshooting Guide, please call Whistler ConsumerRelations at 1-800-531-0004 before re t u rning your unit fors e rv i c e . 17CARE & MAINTENANCECare And MaintenanceDuring the summer months, avoid prolonged exposure todirect sunlight by removing your unit from the dash whenyour vehicle is parked for an extended period of time.Do not spray water, cleaners or polishes directly onto theunit. The spray may penetrate through the openings anddamage the unit. Also, do not use any abrasive cleaners onthe unit’s exterior.16
WARRANTY INFORMATIONConsumer WarrantyThe 1650 Series Whistler detector is warranted to the original p u r chaser for a period of one year from the date of originalp u r chase against all defects in materials and workmanship.This limited warranty is void if the unit is abused, modi-fied, installed impro p e r l y, if the housing has beenremoved, or if the serial number is missing. T h e re are noe x p r ess warranties covering this product other than those setf o rth in this warr a n t y. All express or implied warranties for thisp r oduct are limited to one year. Whistler is not liable for damages arising from the use, misuse, or operation of thisp ro d u c t .Service Under WarrantyDuring the warranty period, defective units will be re p a i red orreplaced (with the same or a comparable model), at Whistler’soption, without charge to the purchaser when re t u rned p r epaid, with dated proof of purchase to the address below.Units re t u r ned without dated proof of purchase will be handled as described in section “Service Out Of Wa rr a n t y. ”Due to the specialized equipment necessary for testing aradar/laser re c e i v e r, there are no authorized service stations forWhistler brand detectors other than the factory.When re t u rning a unit for service under warr a n t y, please follow these instru c t i o n s :1. Ship the unit in the original carton or in a suitable sturdyequivalent, fully insured, with return receipt requested, andshipping charges prepaid to:Whistler Repair Dept.1201 North Dixieland Rd.Rogers, AR. 7275621SPEED MONITORING TECHNOLOGIESOther Speed Detection SystemsSeveral techniques other than radar or laser are used tomeasure vehicle speeds. When these methods are beingused, no detector can provide a warning. These techniquesinclude:• Pacing - A patrol car drives behind you and matches your driving speed.• Vascar/Aircraft - The time it takes a vehicle to travel a known distance is measured.Radar Detector DetectorsThe Interceptor VG-2, or simply VG-2, is a microwave receiv-er used by police to detect signals radiated by the localoscillator of a radar detector. Because its purpose is to iden-tify persons driving with radar detectors, the VG-2 is knownas a “radar detector detector”.The VG-2 is the primary tool used by the police to identifyradar detector equipped vehicles. If caught in a state wheredetectors are illegal (see pg. 18), drivers risk losing theirradar detector and receiving a fine. In addition, instant-onradar is almost always used in combination with a VG-2,leaving unsuspecting motorists vulnerable to receiving twotickets — one potentially for speeding, the other for pos-session of a detector.Having a radar detector capable of detecting the VG-2 mayalert you to the presence of a speed trap.20
WARRANTY INFORMATIONService Out Of WarrantyUnits will be repaired at “out of warranty” service rateswhen:• The unit’s original warranty has expired.• Dated proof of purchase is not supplied.• The unit has been returned without its serial number.• The unit has been abused, modified, installed improper-ly, or had its housing removed.The minimum out of warranty service fee for your Whistlerdetector is $55.00 (U.S.). If you require out of warranty serv-ice, please return your unit as outlined in the section“Service Under Warranty” along with a certified check ormoney order for $55.00. Payment may also be made byMasterCard or VISA; personal checks are not accepted. Inthe event repairs cannot be covered by the minimum$55.00 service fee, you will be contacted by a Whistlertechnical service specialist who will outline options avail-able to you. If you elect not to have your unitrepaired/replaced, it will be returned to you along withyour certified check or money order.IMPORTANT: When returning your unit for service, be cer-tain to include a daytime telephone number.Consumer RelationsIf you have questions concerning the operation of yourWhistler detector, or re q u i r e service during or after the w a rranty period, please call Consumer Relations at 1-800-531-0004. Representatives are available to answeryour questions Monday - Friday from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.( C S T ) . 23WARRANTY INFORMATIONI M P O R TA N T:Whistler will not assume responsibility for loss ordamage incurred in shipping. There f o r e, please ship your uniti n s u red with re t u r n receipt re q u e s t e d .2. Include with your unit the following information, clearly printed:• Your name and street address (for shipping via UPS), and a daytime telephone number. (No P.O. Box please.)• A detailed description of the problem (e.g., “Unit perf o r ms self-test but does not respond to radar”).• A copy of your dated proof of purchase or bill of sale.3. Be certain your unit is re t u rned with its serial number. For re f e r ence, please write your unit’s serial number in the following space: s/n __________________.Units without serial numbers are not covered under warr a n t y.I M P O R TA N T:To validate that your unit is within the warranty period, make sure you keep a copy of your dated proof of p u r chase and re t u r n the Wa rranty Validation card .22
SPECIFICATIONS• Dimensions: 1.1"H x 2.9"W x 4.5"L• Weight: 6.5 oz.• Laser Wavelength:905 ± 50 nanometers (nm)• Radar Frequencies:10.500 - 10.550 GHz (X Band)24.050 - 24.250 GHz (K Band )33.400 - 36.000 GHz (Ka Superwideband)• Operating Temperature Range:-20˚ C to +80˚ C (-4˚ F to +176˚ F)• Power Requirements:Operational 12 to 15 volts DC, 250mA nominalVehicle Battery Saver, 30mA nominal.One or more U.S. patents apply: #4,315,261; #5,146,227;#5,379,456. Other patents pending.Specifications are subject to change without notice.24ACCESSORIESThe following accessories can be ordered directly fromWhistler by calling 1-800-531-0004.Order Description PriceCode202138 Visor Bracket $ 6.95202140 Windshield Bracket Kit $ 9.95206294 *Modular Lighter Plug $ 7.95(Requires 206550 or206551)206550 *Modular Straight $ 6.95Power Cord (5')(Requires 206294)206551 *Modular Coiled $ 7.95Power Cord (7')(Requires 206294)206552 Straight Power Cord (5’) $ 14.95206553 Coiled Power Cord (7’) $ 15.95206879 Hook & Loop $ 1.95206880 Hardwire Kit (10' ) $ 9.95(for wiring to fuse box)*Modular: interconnecting pieces cord and plug.Shipping and handling (per order) $5.00Prices are subject to change without notice.25
2726ACCESSORY ORDER FORMPLEASE SHIP TO:Name______________________________________________Street______________________________________________City________________________State_______Zip____ __ _ _ _Telephone Number (______) _________________________ _Order Code/Description Quantity Total Price$SubtotalSales Tax (if Applicable) Shipping and Handling* $ 5.00Total Enclosed $SEND ORDER FORM WITH CERTIFIED CHECK OR MONEY ORDER TO: Whistler CTSPO Box 1844Bentonville, AR 72712I F PAY I N G BY MASTERCARD OR VISA PLEASE PROVIDE:Type of Card ___MasterCard ___Visa ___American Expre s sName on Card______________________________________Card Number_______________________________________Expiration Date_____________________________________Cardholder Signature________________________________*For expedited shipping costs, contact Whistler Customer Service, 1-800-531-0004NOTES_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ____________________________________________________

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