Tranzeo Wireless Technologies ZREPKN6 WIRELESS NETWORKING User Manual MANUAL pub

Tranzeo Wireless Technologies, Inc WIRELESS NETWORKING MANUAL pub

USERS MANUAL

TRANZEO TR-FDD Revision: 1.2 Firmware: 3.0.4 Date: 08/09/06 Tranzeo TR-FDD Series User Guide Covers the following models: TR-FDD-24 TR-FDD-N
Document Revisions: Version 1.0 November 22, 2006 iiiiii Tranzeo Wireless Technologies Inc. 19473 Fraser Way Pitt Meadows, BC Canada V3Y 2V4 Toll Free Number: 1.866.872.6936 Technical Support: 1.888.460.6366 General Inquiries: info@tranzeo.com Local Number: 1.604.460.6002 Sales: sales@tranzeo.com Fax Number: 1.604.460.6005 Technical Support: support@tranzeo.com
iiiiiiiii This device has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the device is operated in a residential environment. This device generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy. If not installed and used in accordance with the user guide, may cause harmful interference to radio communication. In case of harmful interference, the users will be required to correct the interference at their own expense. The users should not modify or change this device without written approval from Tranzeo Wireless. Modification will void warranty and authority to use the device. For safety reasons, people should not work in a situation where RF exposure limits could be exceeded. To prevent this situation, the users should consider the following rules: • Install the antenna so that there is a minimum of 100 cm (39.37 in) of distance between the antenna and people. • Do not turn on power to the device while installing the antenna. • Do not connect the antenna while the device is in operation. • Do not collocate or operate the antenna used with the device in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter. • Use this product only with antennas of the same or lower gain as the following Tranzeo Antennas: TR-GD58-26 – 5.8 GHz 26 dBi Grid antenna TR-5.8-32db-ant—5.8 GHz 32 dBi Dish Antenna • In order to ensure compliance with local regulations, the installer MUST enter the antenna gain at the time of installation. See Chapter 3: Wireless Settings, for details. FCC Compliance Safety Information Operation of this device is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference, including interference that may cause undesired operation of the device. Industry Canada Compliance
iviviv You must read and understand the following safety instructions before installing the device: • This antenna’s grounding system must be installed according to Articles 810-15, 810-20, 810-21 of the National Electric Code, ANSI/NFPA No. 70-1993. If you have any questions or doubts about your antenna’s grounding system, contact a local licensed electrician. • Never attach the grounding wire while the device is powered. • If the ground is to be attached to an existing electrical circuit, turn off the circuit before attaching the wire. • Use the Tranzeo Power over Ethernet (POE) adapter only with approved Tranzeo models. • Never install radio equipment, surge suppressors or lightning protection during a storm. ! Safety Instructions Lightning Protection The key to lightning protection is to provide a harmless route for lightning to reach ground. The system should not be designed to attract lightning, nor can it repel lightning. National, state and local codes are designed to protect life, limb, and property, and must always be obeyed. When in doubt, consult local and national electrical codes or contact an electrician or professional trained in the design of grounding systems. The product requires professional installation. Professional installers ensure that the equipment is installed following local regulations and safety codes. Professional Installation Required
vvv Chapter 1: Overview ........................................................................1-1 Introduction ......................................................................................................1-1 Product Kit .......................................................................................................1-1 Product Description..........................................................................................1-1 LED Panel Indicators...................................................................................1-2 Chapter 2: Hardware Installation......................................................2-1 Getting Ready...................................................................................................2-1 Tools Required.............................................................................................2-1 Site Selection ...............................................................................................2-1 Polarity.........................................................................................................2-2 Power Supply...............................................................................................2-2 Installing the Ethernet Cable ............................................................................2-3 Mounting the Radio..........................................................................................2-5 Grounding the Antenna ....................................................................................2-5 Connecting the Radio.......................................................................................2-6 Best Practices ...................................................................................................2-7 Chapter 3: Configuration...................................................................3-1 Connecting to the Radio...................................................................................3-1 Changing the IP Address - Windows XP ....................................................3-1 Changing the IP Address Using the Tranzeo Locator .................................3-2 Login into the Configuration Interface.............................................................3-3 Information Page..............................................................................................3-4 Setup Menu.......................................................................................................3-5 Wireless Settings .........................................................................................3-5 Administrative Settings ...............................................................................3-8 WDS ............................................................................................................3-9 Security...........................................................................................................3-10 Basic Security Settings ..............................................................................3-10 Advanced Security Settings.......................................................................3-11 Access Control...........................................................................................3-12 Status ..............................................................................................................3-13 AP List.......................................................................................................3-14 ARP Table .................................................................................................3-14 Statistics.....................................................................................................3-15 System Performance..................................................................................3-17 Table of Contents
vivivi Network Configuration...................................................................................3-18 Bridge Mode..............................................................................................3-18 Router Mode..............................................................................................3-19 DHCP Configuration .................................................................................3-21 IP Routing..................................................................................................3-22 Quality of Service Configuration (QoS)....................................................3-23 Port Forwarding.........................................................................................3-24 Port Filtering..............................................................................................3-25 Appendix A: Grounding and Lightning Protection Information.... A-1 Appendix B: Quality of Service Configuration (QoS).....................B-1 Appendix C: Protocol List.................................................................C-1 Appendix D: Common TCP Ports..................................................... D-1 Appendix E: Channel Allocations ....................................................E-1 Appendix F: Wiring Standard ...........................................................F-1 Appendix G: Routing Quick Start Guide.......................................... G-1 Appendix H: PxP Install Checklist.................................................... H-1 Appendix I: Glossary of Terms......................................................... I-1 Appendix J: Tranzeo Electrical Plugs.............................................. J-1 Appendix K: Warranty Terms ...........................................................K-1 Appendix L: How Can We Improve? ................................................L-1 Appendix M: Notes ............................................................................M-1
111Introduction This next-generation wireless LAN device–the Tranzeo TR-FDD series– brings Ethernet-like performance to the wireless realm. Fully compliant with the IEEE802.11a standard, the TR-FDD series also provides powerful features such as the Internet-based configuration utility as well as WEP and WPA security. Product Kit The TR-FDD Series product kit contains the items shown below. If any item is missing or damaged, contact your local dealer for support. Product Description The LEDs, ports and product information are located at the back of the TR-FDD Series radio, as shown in the picture. Chapter 1: Overview DC power adapter x 1 Keps nuts x 8 TR-FDD Series device x 1 Ethernet boot cover x 1 Gasket x 1 Strain relief x 1 Mounting bracket x 1 U-bolt w/ 2 nuts x 1 Lock washers x 2 POE adapter x 1 LED Panel indicators MAC address Ethernet port Serial number Studs for the boot coverStuds for the mounting bracket Grounding Post Studs for the Channel protector bracketChannel protector
222 LED Panel Indicators Label Color Indicators Power ● Red On: Powered on Off: No power LAN ● Green On: Ethernet link Flashing: Ethernet traffic Off: No Ethernet link Radio ● Amber On: Radio link Flashing: Radio activity Off: No radio link Signal (CPE Mode) ● Red ● Amber ● Green In CPE mode (Client Premises Equipment), light up in sequence to indicate signal strength. Label Color Indicators ● Red On: WEP/128 enabled Flashing: WEP/64 enabled Off: WEP off ● Amber On: WPA/AES enabled Flashing: WPA/TKIP enabled Off: WPA off ● Amber On: 5.8 operation Off: 5.3 operation Flashing: 2.4 operation ● Green On: ACL enabled Off: ACL off ● Green On: WDS enabled Off: WDS off Signal (AP Mode) Label Color Indicators Signal (PXP Mode) ● Red In PXP mode (Point to Point), light up in se-quence to indicate signal strength. ● Amber ● Green
111 The TR-FDD Series radios are easy to install, as you’ll see in this chapter. Before starting, you will need to get the tools listed below and decide about the site and orientation of the device. Once ready, follow the instructions about how to install the Ethernet cable, mount the device, ground the antenna, and make the connections in order to get a proper installation. Getting Ready Tools Required To install your TR-FDD Series radio you will need the following tools: • 1/2” wrench x 1 • 3/4” wrench x 1 • 3/8” wrench x 1 • Cat 5 cable stripper x 1 • Cat 5 cable (to connect the radio to the POE adapter) • RJ-45 patch cable • RJ-45 crimper x 1 • RJ-45 connectors x 4 • #6 green grounding wire Site Selection Determine the location of the radio before installation. Proper placement of the device is critical to ensure optimum radio range and performance. You should perform a site survey to determine the optimal location. Ensure the CPE is within line-of-sight of the access point. The line-of-sight is an ellipse, called Fresnel zone. This zone should be clear of obstacles since obstructions will impede performance of the device. Fresnel zone Chapter 2: Hardware Installation
222 Polarity Determine if the antenna’s polarization will be horizontal or vertical before installation. The TR-FDD radios can be used in either polarity. The Ethernet boot cover should always be placed so that the cable runs toward the ground for maximum environmental protection. Power Supply Only use a power adapter approved for use with the TR-FDD Series radio. Otherwise, the product may be damaged and will not be covered by the Tranzeo warranty.
333 Installing the Ethernet Cable Step 2: Using a 3/4” wrench, tighten the strain relief until it touches the boot cover. IMPORTANT! Use hand tools only. Do not over tighten. Step 3: Put the cap nut back over the strain relief and insert the Cat 5 cable through it. Wire the cable following the EIA/TIA T568B standard, and attach the RJ-45 connectors to each end of the cable. (See Appendix F: Wiring Standard). Step 1: Insert the strain relief, without the cap nut, into the port opening of the boot cover. Step 4: If you purchased the device with a dual port cover, repeat steps 1, 2, and 3 for the second port. IMPORTANT! If you are not going to use the second port, insert the strain relief into the boot cover and tighten the cap nut to ensure a weather-tight seal, as shown in the picture.
444 Step 7: Fit the boot cover over the 4 studs and the gasket. Secure with 4 keps nuts. Tighten with a 3/8” wrench until the gasket is at least 50% compressed. Step 5: Place the gasket—with the adhesive side facing up—over the 4 studs around the port of the radio. Flatten the gasket ensuring there are no gaps. Remove the backing. Step 8: Make sure the cap nut of the strain relief is tightened properly to ensure a weather-proof seal. IMPORTANT! Hand tighten only. Do not over tighten as you may damage the weather-tight seal of the strain relief. Step 6: Plug the Cat 5 cable inserted in the boot cover into the port. Remember to place the boot cover according to the desired polarization, so that the strain relief faces the ground.
555 Mounting the Radio Step 9: Attach the mounting bracket to the pole using the U-bolt. Secure the U-bolt with the lock washers and the nuts. Align if necessary, and then tighten the nuts enough to prevent any movement. Step 10: Fit the radio to the mounting bracket. Secure the radio with keps nuts. IMPORTANT! The strain relief must be always facing the ground. Step 10: As in Step 5, attach Larger Channel Protector Gasket. Fit the Channel Protector Cover to the mounting studs. Place Channel Protector Cover clamp over mounting stud. Secure the radio with supplied keps nuts. NOTE: Tighten with a 3/8” wrench until the gasket is at least 50% compressed.
Grounding the Antenna Step 11: Using a #6 green grounding wire, connect the grounding lug on the radio to a proper ground. See Appendix A: Grounding and Lighting Protection Information. IMPORTANT: This device must be grounded. Connect the green grounding wire to a known good earth ground, as outlined in the National Electrical Code. See Appendix A: Grounding and Lightning Protection Information for details. !
777 Connecting the Radio Step 14: To configure the TR-FDD Series radio, connect the Ethernet cable to the POE adapter and to a computer. Ensure that the distance between the computer and the radio does not exceed 300 ft (90 m). Note: If connecting to a hub or switch, a crossover cable may be required. IMPORTANT! Use the power adapter supplied with the radio. Otherwise, it may be damaged. Step 12: Connect the Cat 5 cable from the radio into the RJ-45 jack marked “CPE” on the POE adapter. The POE adapter is not weather-proof and should be installed indoors. Step 13: Connect the power adapter to the POE adapter and plug the other end to an outlet. The POE adapter will be powered on and the power indicator on the top panel will turn on. We recommend connecting the power adapter to an outlet with surge suppression capability with an uninterrupted power supply (UPS) for reduced outages.
888 Best Practices Follow these practices to ensure a correct installation and grounding. • Always try to run long Cat 5 and LMR cables inside of the mounting pole. This helps to insulate the cable from any air surges. • Keep all runs as straight as possible. Never put a loop into the cables. • Test all grounds to ensure that you are using a proper ground. If using an electrical socket for ground, use a socket tester, such as Radio Shack 22-141. • Keep a copy of the National Electrical Code Guide at hand and follow its recommendations. • If you are in doubt about the grounding at the location, drive your own rod and bond it to the house ground. At least you will know that one rod is correct in the system.
111 The TR-FDD Series radios can be configured through an HTML configuration interface, accessible using any Internet browser. The configuration interface allows you to define and change settings, and also shows information about the performance of the device. In this chapter we’ll cover how to access the configuration interface, configure the TR-FDD Series radio, and interpret the information displayed in the interface. Depending on whether the device is defined as an AP or CPE (infrastructure station), some menu options, windows, and fields in the interface may vary or may not appear at all. We’ll indicate so when describing each window. Connecting to the Radio Before accessing the configuration interface, you have to change the network connection settings in your computer to be on the same subnet as the radio. Changing the IP Address - Windows XP 1. In your computer, open Control Panel > Network Connections > Local Area Connection. 2. In Local Area Connection Status > General, click Properties. 3. In Local Area Connection Properties > General, select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and click Properties. 4. In Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties > General, select Use the following IP address. 5. Enter your IP address and Subnet Mask. The default IP address of the radio is 192.168.1.100, which cannot be used here. 6. Click OK and Close. Chapter 3: Configuration
222 Changing the IP Address Using the Tranzeo Locator The Tranzeo Locator is a utility that allows users to quickly change the IP address of the Tranzeo radios. It sends out a broadcast on the network and displays a list of other Tranzeo radios connected, from which you can configure the IP address for your device. Note: The Locator cannot locate radios through routers. The Tranzeo Locator displays the following options: Find the latest version of the Tranzeo Locator at www.tranzeo.com, under Tranzeo Support > Support Files > Radio Utilities. Scan: Locates Tranzeo radios connected to the network. A yellow icon appears before the name when the radio is not in the same subnet. Configure: Used to set a static IP address or set the radio into DHCP mode. Upgrade: Under development. Auto IP: To automatically set the radio to an IP address one number higher than the IP address of the computer. Web: Opens a browser to access the configuration interface.
333 Login into the Configuration Interface After defining the network settings, follow these steps to login into the Tranzeo Configuration Interface. 1. Open your Internet browser (Internet Explorer, Netscape, or Firefox). 2. In the address bar, type your IP address (default IP: http://192.168.1.100). 3. In the login dialog, enter your Username and Password (if you’re a first-time user, follow the instructions below). 4. Click OK. You will then access the configuration interface. If you’re a first-time user: 1. Enter the default username admin and the default password default. 2. In the Password Set/Reset window, change the Administration and Recovery* passwords. They cannot be left as default and must be different from each other. You can change the usernames too. 3. Click Apply to save the changes. 4. You will be prompted to enter your new username and password in the login dialog. You will then access the configuration interface. * The recovery username and password are used to access the Password Set/Reset window if the administration password is lost.
444 Information Page This is the first window of the configuration interface. It shows the main menu and information about the device settings, like wireless, network, and security settings. The menu is divided in four sections: • Setup Menu • Security • Status • Network Each section contains navigation links to the configuration windows, some of which may be different for access points and CPEs. Information Page - AP Information Page - CPE
555 This document is intended for Public Distribution 19473 Fraser Way, Setup Menu In this section you would be able to configure wireless and administrative settings for the TR-FDD Series radio. Wireless Settings This window displays the wireless configuration of the device. The contents are slightly different for access point and CPE. * Feature available only in access point wireless mode. (1)In the FCC Domain this setting has no effect. Wireless Mode: Define if your device will operate as Infrastructure Station (CPE) or Access Point. SSID: The Service Set Identifier (SSID) is the name that identifies a specific wireless LAN. Devices must have the same SSID to communicate with each other. In Infrastructure Station mode (CPE), you can enter primary and secondary SSIDs when using two access points in the network. Clients will connect to the secondary access point when the primary is unavailable or goes down. Visibility Status*: You can set your access point to be Visible or Invisible to clients. Channel*: Select the channel that the access point and clients use. TX Rate: The transmission speed at which the radio and access point communicate with each other. Note: Setting this rate below the maximum possible does not limit bandwidth and often has a negative impact on the operation of your network. Location: You can set the location of the radio to be Outdoor or Indoor.(1)
666 This document is intended for Public Distribution 19473 Fraser Way, Power Cap: It is the maximum output power of the radio. Country: Select the country where the device is located. Setting an incorrect country may be considered a violation of the applicable law, as rules differ in each country. Antenna Gain: Select the gain of the antenna. This information must be set by the installer at the time of installation.(1) Preamble: Select type: Long uses long preamble only, Auto (recommended) tries short preamble first, then long. ACK Timeout Tuning: The time that the radio waits for an acknowledgment (ACK) from the access point accepting transmission before re-attempting to send the data. This is an offset from the ACK timing set by the link distance. Link Distance: This is the distance between the CPE and access point. This setting is necessary to define the correct ACK timing. Setting this value too low or too high will result in low throughput and high retries. DTIM Interval*: The DTIM interval (Delivery Traffic Indication Message) helps to keep marginal clients connected by sending wake up frames. Beacon Interval*: This is the rate at which the access point broadcasts its beacons. PxP Mac Address: Follow the instructions in next page. Burst Time*: This allows to send data without stopping. Note that other wireless devices in the network will not be able to transmit data for this number of microseconds. PxP Mode: Follow the instructions in next page. 802.11d Enabled*: Check to operate in 802.11d mode.(1) Block Inter-Client Traffic*: Check to block wireless communications between clients on the access point. * Feature available only in access point wireless mode. (1)In the FCC Domain this setting has no effect. RTS Threshold: This is the maximum size for a packet to be sent automatically. When it exceeds the RTS threshold, the CPE sends first a ‘request to send’ (RTS) to the access point before sending the packet. Note: The more clients you have, the lower the value should be set. Fragmentation Threshold: This is the size at which packets are fragmented in order to be transmitted. Setting this value too low decreases the amount sent on each transmission. In noisy areas, this can improve performance. However, in quiet areas, this will decrease throughput.
777 To operate the radio in PxP mode: 1. Set one radio to Access Point and the other to Infrastructure Station. 2. Enter the same SSID on both radios. 3. Set the Channel on the access point. 4. On both radios, enter the Mac address of the opposite radio in the PxP Mac Address field (no colons). 5. Check off PxP Mode Enabled. Note: In PxP mode, the LEDs on the radios will operate the same as in Infrastructure Station mode, with LEDs proportional to signal strength.
888 Administrative Settings Use this window to upgrade the software, change your password, and define SNMP parameters. Upgrade Software: Enter the location of the software update file or Browse to locate it in your computer. Click Upgrade Software. If the radio does not refresh the Information Page after 1 minute, press Refresh, Reload or F5. Verify the new firmware is installed correctly. Defaults: Returns all settings to factory defaults, including passwords. Reboot: Restarts the system without changing settings. Rollback: To undo the most recent change. Device Name: It is the network name of the device. This name appears in the Locator and on the Tranzeo stations list. User Name: This is the login username. Password: Enter a new password if you want to change it. Confirm Password: Re-type the new password. Extended Wireless Information: Enables extended information (name and IP address), which is only displayed with Tranzeo access points. Signal/Status LEDs: Un-check to turn off the LED panel indicators. SNMP Parameters: Here you set the Read Community string and Contact/Location information. It’s highly recommended that you change the Read Community string immediately to prevent unauthorized scanning of your network. You can also select the traffic counter format that you would like to use.
999 WDS (AP only) The Wireless Distribution System (WDS) is a modification to the 802.11 stan-dards that allows access points to communicate directly with each other. WDS allows users to spread out coverage to a larger area without the need for a backhaul link. The tradeoff is that overall throughput is greatly affected for all users of the access points linked. WDS is not recommended for use with large numbers of clients or when throughput needs to be maximized. In both cases, a dedicated PxP link should be used. However, in areas of low density, WDS can allow an ISP to extend coverage into an area at very low cost. To set up WDS: 1. Select Enabled to activate WDS and click Apply. 2. Go to the Administrative Settings window and change the settings to Defaults. 3. Go to the Wireless Settings window and set the same Channels for both access points. 4. In the WDS settings window, enter the Mac address of the peer. Do not insert colons or commas. 5. Click Apply. Note: ♦ WDS links don’t appear in the Station List or Performance windows. To monitor the link’s strength and performance, use PxP mode. ♦ Throughput is cut by 50% per link. ♦ WDS does not support WPA encryption. ♦ All links need to be on the same channel.
101010 Security In this section you can configure both basic and advanced security settings for your device. Basic Security Settings In this window you can define WEP parameters. WEP provides security by encrypting data so that it’s protected when transmitted from one point to another. Enabled: Check to turn on WEP security protocol. Authentication: Select your system to be open or shared. Open is always recommended. Key Length: This is the level of encryption. Note that 64 bit is referred to as 40 bit on some systems. Default Key: Select the default WEP key from the list. Activate Keys: Enter the four WEP keys you want to activate. Keys must be entered in HEX only.
111111 Advanced Security Settings In this window you can enter WPA parameters. WPA provides a higher level of security, enhancing the security features of WEP. WPA Mode: Select the WPA mode. Cipher Type: Select the level of encryption. PSK: Enter your PSK password. WPA Enterprise: Ensures that only authorized network users can access the network. Enter the information about the RADIUS server from your Internet Service Provider. Update Interval: This is the interval at which the PSK password will be updated. Backward Compatible: Select TKIP or AES backwards compatibility if required.
121212 Access Control (AP only) This feature allows you to control the accessibility from wireless devices, in other words, to allow or deny access from other radios. It applies only to devices working as access points. Enable Access Control: Enable to control accessibility from wireless devices. Edit Mode: Check to make changes in access control settings. Authorized Station Devices: This is the list of the authorized devices. To change current settings, check the devices and click Copy All or Copy Selected. The devices will appear in the Mac Address box on the right. Note: If you are working via a radio link, add first the address of the station you are connecting from. Otherwise, you will be locked out of the radio. Available Station Devices: This list contains the devices available but not authorized. To authorize them, check the devices and click Copy All or Copy Selected. The devices will appear in the Mac Address box on the right. Manually Authorize Stations: In this box you can perform different actions like authorize, deauthorize and delete devices listed here.
131313 Status This section displays information about the status and performance of your radio. Most options and information cannot be modified in this section. Stations List (AP only) This window displays a list of the stations associated with the access point and their connection statistics. Name: This information appears here when the device is a Tranzeo 6000 and the Extended Wireless Information option in the Administrative Settings window is checked. Otherwise, the field will be blank. You can manually enter a name by left clicking on the field and typing in. However, if the Extended Wireless Information option is turned on at the client, the name you entered will be overwritten with the name on the client. Mac Address: The Mac addresses of the associated stations. IP Address: Works as with the Name. It appears when the Extended Wireless Information option in the Administrative Settings window is checked. Status: Indicates if the station is associated or WDS BSSID. Signal: This is the radio frequency power in dBm as detected at the access point. A strong link is defined by both the AP signal and the client signal. Links should also be at least 10 dB higher than the receive sensitivity of the weakest element or the noise floor, whichever is higher, on both sides. Speed: This is the radio speed of the link. Speed is based on both signal strength and the quality of the link. If the link is losing a lot of packets due to poor Fresnel zones or interference, the speed will be lower than the strength can support.
141414 This document is intended for Public Distribution 19473 Fraser Way, AP List (CPE only) This window displays information about the access points associated with the CPE and the connection statistics. You can set an access point’s SSID as your primary SSID by clicking on the MAC address when it’s displayed as a link. This will automatically reboot the radio. ARP Table This table lists the devices that have communicated with your device via TCP. There should be a limited number of entries in this table, especially if the interstation blocking is turned on at the access point.
151515 Statistics This section is divided in 3 windows: LMAC (Lower Mac), UMAC (Upper Mac), and Ethernet, which can be accessed from the Statistic Summary Page. LMAC Statistics The LMAC functions occur in the radio chipset. While the UMAC divides the statistics into clean and failed packets, LMAC defines why packets failed. This window contains three tabs: TX, RX and INT. TX and RX values are useful to ISPs and other users. The INT (internal) statistics are intended for use by Tranzeo Wireless Technical Support. You can click onto each speed level and see how the traffic breaks down. In the TX statistics, there should little to no Tries at Series 2, 3 or 4. The radio will try to send a packet 4 times at Series 1 and then will try the next series 4 times. In the RX statistics, you should look for bad CRCs and bad decrypts for signs of RF interference or Fresnel interference links. Bad PHYs generally are caused when the radio is unable to decode the packets due to noise. Note: Communication between access points and CPEs always occurs at the lowest rate. In a normal link, you should see a fair number of transactions at the lowest rate.
161616 UMAC Statistics The UMAC functions occur in the unit’s processor. The UMAC statistics are likely the most useful for radio troubleshooting. This window breaks down the statistics into clean and failed packets. The failed packets should be less than 10% in a normal operating environment. In the TX statistics, there should be little to no Retransmits at Series 2, 3 or 4. Life Statistics are reset on each reboot. Ethernet Statistics In this window, excessive collisions are usually a sign that the radio and the device it is linked to are not on the same duplex settings. One is at full while the other is at half. Try locking both to the same values. Collisions do normally occur on an Ethernet network and are generally handled by the Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detect (CSMA/CD) mechanism. Alignment, length and excessive FCS errors could the result of a bad radio link, or a bad Ethernet cable.
171717 System Performance This window shows information about the memory usage and the CPU. Many browsers do not allow infinite refreshes of a page through scripts, so this window may stop updating. If it does, simply change the refresh rate to another value to restart the process. Select Refresh Rate: Set the time for automatic refreshes. Net Pages: This is the memory used for data transmission Memory: This is the total memory of the system. Stack: This section displays the memory used and available for each stack: App. (applications), DSR, and PCI. This information is relevant for programmers.
181818 Network Configuration In this window you can control the network configuration of the device. First, you must define if your radio will operate as a bridge or router. The content of the window varies depending on your selection. When changing modes, the radio may need to reboot before certain features become available. Bridge Mode Cloning MAC Address: This feature allows the radio to copy the MAC address of the device you have connected to the network. This is useful when you change your device and don’t want to register a new MAC address, or when dealing with some PPPoE and Radius implementations. When the device is cloning a MAC address, it can only be managed from the LAN side. To clone a MAC address, check the MAC Address box and enter the MAC address in the field Cloning into. Uncheck to restore the original MAC address. IP Mode: You can select to use Static IP or DHCP Client (dynamic). Note: If a DHCP server is not available, the device will try to get an IP. If has no success, it will use a fallback IP address. The fallback IP is the address that is set in the static address fields. WAN: Enter the information related to the WAN interface: IP Address, Subnet Mask, Gateway, DNS1, DNS2, and Domain Name. Ethernet Port Speed: Set as Auto by default.
191919 Router Mode From this window you can access specific windows to configure the DHCP Server, QoS, Static Routes, Port Filtering, and Port Forwarding. If the feature is available, it will appear like a link. To open an item, just click on it. These features are described in the next pages. MTU: The Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) refers to the size of the largest packet that the router can pass. The default value is 1500 bytes. If PPPoE is used, you should change the MTU to match the PPPoE server, typically 1492 bytes. Allow Pinging: Enables ping responses on WAN interface. Allow Access to Web Server: Allows access from WAN interface or change the port the WAN server responds to web server requests. Note: Access to web server from LAN interface is always enabled and set at port 80. Cloning MAC Address: See description in Bridge Mode. IP Mode: You can select to use Static IP, DHCP Client (dynamic), or PPPoE. Note: If a PPPoE server is not available, the device will try to get an IP. If has no success, it will use a fallback IP address. The fallback IP is the address that is set in the static address fields.
202020 Note: Many Ethernet devices do not auto-negotiate properly. If you see large numbers of dropped pings, you may have collisions. Try locking the device at 10/half as a troubleshooting step. If the packet losses stop, step up to 100/full. If the device the radio is connecting cannot support 100/full, you should replace the device or place a switch in line. WAN: Enter the information related to the WAN interface: IP Address, Subnet Mask, Gateway, DNS1, DNS2, and Domain Name. Routing: Enables NAT, QoS, and Static Routes. NAT should always be enabled when using private addressing. Click on QoS or Static Routes to configure. Port Management: Check the box and click Apply to enable port filtering and port forwarding. Click on any item to open the configuration window. LAN: Enter the information related to the LAN interface: IP address and subnet mask. DHCP Server: Check the box and click Apply to enable this feature. Click on the item (which now appears as a link) to open the DHCP Server configuration window. Ethernet Port Speed: Set as Auto by default.
212121 DHCP Configuration This window shows the configuration of the DHCP server. IP Parameters DNS Subnet Mask: Enter your subnet mask in this field. Gateway: Select This Unit to use the gateway set on the WAN interface. Select Other to use a different gateway. Lease Time: Indicates the expiration time for the IP address assigned by the DHCP server. Address Starting from: Indicates the first address in the DHCP pool. Number of Addresses: Indicates the number of addresses in the DHCP pool. Server IP Address: Select WAN Assigned to use the DNS server IP addresses assigned on the WAN side. To use different DNS servers, select Static, in which case you must enter the Primary and Secondary IP addresses. Domain Name: Apply the same configuration as for Server IP Address. WINS: Apply the same configuration as for Server IP Address.
222222 IP Routing This window is intended for those users who have a strong understanding of IP routing. Here you can see the System Routes, create your User Routes, and set the Default Route. IMPORTANT! Be careful when making changes since misconfiguration could result in serious network problems and even the loss of functionality. Interface: Specify if the interface is WAN or LAN. Select Off to disable the route. IP Address: This is the IP address or network that the packets will be attempting to access. Subnet Mask: Specifies the part of the destination IP that represents the network address and the part that represents the host address. Note: 255.255.255.255 represents only the host entered in the Destination IP field. Gateway: Indicates the next hop if this route is used. A gateway of 0.0.0.0 means there is no next hop and the IP address matched is directly connected to the router on the interface specified. Metric: This is the number of hops it will take to reach the destination. A hop occurs each time data passes through a router from one network to another. If there is only one router between your network and the destination network, then the metric value would be 1. Default Route: This option allows you to change the default route of the radio. Make changes with extreme caution. !!
232323 Quality of Service Configuration (QoS) In this window you can use the QoS features and set rules to prioritize the traffic. Uplink Speed: This is the maximum speed of the uplink (from the source to the destination). The order and size of traffic is determined based on this value. Dynamic Fragmentation: Check to reduce delay for high-priority traffic and adaptive fragmentation where the fragmentation is determined by the uplink speed. This feature greatly improves the gaming and VOIP experience. Automatic Classification: This feature automatically classifies traffic and gives priority to certain applications. Applications such as VOIP and gaming are automatically given priority. Enabled: Check to activate a rule. Priority: Enter the priority of the rule between 0 and 255. Name: Enter the name of the rule here. Protocol: Enter the protocol number here. Common options are: 0 for ANY, 1 for ICMP, 6 for TCP, and 17 for UDP. See Appendix C for Protocol List. Source IP Range: Enter the range of IP addresses on the LAN side where the rule would apply. To cover all LAN IPs, enter 0.0.0.0. For a single IP, enter the IP in both boxes. Source Port Range: Enter the range of ports on the LAN side where the rule would apply. To cover all ports, enter 0. For a single port, enter this port in both boxes. Destination IP Range: Enter the range of IP addresses on the WAN side where the rule would apply. Destination Port Range: Enter the range of ports on the WAN side where the rule would apply.
242424 Port Forwarding This feature allows the radio to forward requests for certain ports to devices behind a router. For example, you have a web server on a private IP that you want to be accessible to the world. You can forward all requests on port 80 to 192.168.1.2. For this to work, you have to change the management port of the radio from port 80 on the Network Configuration window. In this window, you can create, edit, delete, and manage rules for port forwarding. A list of port forwarding rules appears at the bottom. Enable Port Forwarding: Click to apply rules from the Rules list. Forward Rule ID: Enter the rule ID here to retrieve its information. Enabled / Disabled: Activate or deactivate the selected rule. External Port: Enter the port to which requests will be forwarded. Internal Port: Enter your port here. Internal Address: Enter your IP address. Protocol: Select the protocol used for this rule. New: Click to create a new rule. Fields will be cleared. Add: After creating a rule, click this button to include the new rule in the Port Forwarding Rules list. Update: Click to apply changes after editing or deleting a rule. Edit / Delete: Click to modify or remove the selected rule.
252525 Port Filtering This feature allows the radio to block requests to and from devices behind the router. A list of the devices filtered appears at the bottom of the window. Enable Port Filtering: Click to apply the rules enabled from the Filter list. WAN / LAN: Select the network. Filter Rule ID: Enter the filter rule ID here to retrieve its information. Allow / Deny: The rule can either allow or deny ports. Destination IP Range: Enter the range of IP addresses on the WAN side where the rule would apply. Source Port Range: Enter the range of ports on the LAN side where the rule would apply. Destination Port Range: Enter the range of ports on the WAN side where the rule would apply. ICMP Type: This allows you to block certain types of ICMP as a prevention against port scanning and some viruses. Protocol: Select the protocol used for this rule. Update: Click to apply changes after editing or deleting a filter. Source IP Range: Enter the range of IP addresses on the LAN side where the rule would apply. New: Click to create a new filter. Fields will be cleared and you may enter the information for the new filter. Add: After creating a filter, click this button to include the new filter in the Filter list. Edit / Delete: Click to modify or eliminate the selected filter.
111 What is a proper ground? This antenna must be grounded to a proper earth ground. According to the National Electrical Code Sections 810-15s and 810-21, the grounding conductor shall be connected to the nearest accessible locations of the following: • The building or structure grounding electrode • The grounded interior metal water piping system • The power service accessible means external to enclosure • The metallic power service raceway • The service equipment enclosure • The grounding electrode conductor Why is coiling the LMR or Cat 5 bad? The myth is that lighting follows the path of least resistance. It actually follows the path of least impedance. Coiling cables creates an air-wound transformer, which lowers the impedance. This means you are in fact making your radios a more appealing target for surges. What standard does Tranzeo Wireless equipment meet? This radio exceeds International Standard IEC 61000-4-5 when properly grounded. For a copy of the full testing report, see Report Number TRL090904 - Tranzeo Surge Protection board located on the Tranzeo website (www.tranzeo.com). Is lightning damage covered by the warranty? No. Lightning is not covered by the warranty. If you follow the instructions, your chances of lightning damage are greatly reduced, but nothing can protect a radio from a direct lightning strike. Appendix A: Grounding and Lightning Protection Information
222 Where to ground the device? This radio must be grounded at the pole and at the POE. This is because the radio is between the exterior antenna and the POE ground. See the examples below. Grounded Radio A grounded radio causes the surge to pass directly to ground, bypassing the radio. Ungrounded Radio An ungrounded radio causes the surge to pass through the radio. In this case, the radio most likely will be damaged.
333 Grounded POE In this case, the surge will be picked up by the Cat 5 cable and since the POE is grounded, the route for the surge is through the POE to ground. Ungrounded POE In this case, the surge will be picked up by the Cat 5 cable and since the POE is not grounded, the route for the surge is through the radio to the antenna, and out through the building.
111 Tranzeo Wireless Technologies’ software ensures a consistently high quality online experience through the use of powerful Quality of Service (QoS) mechanisms. The key to making this applicable in a WISP environment is the Intelligent Stream Handling, a patent-pending algorithm that autonomously manages the flow of traffic going to the Internet without the need for user configuration. As a result, real-time, interactive traffic—such as gaming, VoIP, and video teleconferencing—is automatically given the appropriate priority when other users and applications use the connection. In addition, Intelligent Stream Handling minimizes the impact of large packet, lower priority traffic on latency-sensitive traffic and eliminates delays. Tranzeo software effectively eliminates the lag and breakup problem in online gaming and other voice and video applications. In today's broadband environment, the impact of just one data stream running in parallel with a real-time application can be quite dramatic. Using NetIQ's Chariot VoIP test measurement over a connection, it can be demonstrated that introducing a single FTP transfer in the upstream direction will reduce the Mean Opinion Score (MOS) for a G.729 VoIP codec from a very good 4.4 to a completely unacceptable level of 1 immediately. Using the same scenario with Tranzeo’s QoS enabled, the voice quality remains consistently high with an MOS of 4.4, and maintains that level even with multiple FTP streams. Automatic Traffic Classification Tranzeo software has the capability of continually monitoring and classifying traffic on the Internet connection, and dynamically adjusting the way individual streams are handled at any point in time. This enables latency-sensitive traffic—such as voice, games, or even web page requests— to be given a relatively high priority. As a result, these packets are sent to their destination first, reducing delay and jitter. Less time-sensitive traffic—such as email or file transfers—are sent at lower priority. Since Intelligent Stream Handling operates automatically without the need for user configuration, it is able to effectively use 255 priority levels for fine-grained control of the packet streams. Rate Matching A process called "rate matching" determines the bandwidth of the broadband uplink automatically so that it can shape the traffic to smooth the flow between the router and the Internet. This eliminates the potential bottlenecks and delays that can be caused by "bursty" data traffic. Dynamic and Adaptive Link Fragmentation Low priority traffic is also fragmented to reduce the latency and jitter that can be introduced by long packets. Intelligent Stream Handling adjusts the fragment size based on the uplink speed and also stops fragmenting long packets when no latency-sensitive traffic is waiting to be sent, to improve the overall efficiency of the broadband link and ensure voice can sustain a high MOS rating. Appendix B: Quality of Service Configuration (QoS)
222 QoS Block Diagram Tranzeo software has the capability of continually monitoring and classifying traffic on the Internet connection, and dynamically adjusting the way individual streams are handled at any point in time. This enables latency-sensitive traffic, such as voice, games or even web page requests, to be given a relatively high priority. As a result, they are sent to their destination first, reducing delay and jitter. Less time-sensitive traffic such as email or file transfers are de-prioritized. Dynamic Fragmentation Automatic Classification Rate Matching High Priority High Priority High Priority High Priority Internet Non-latency- sensitive traffic Low-priority or excess traffic Queue Queue Intelligent Stream Handling adjusts the fragment size based on the uplink speed and also stops fragmenting long packets when no latency-sensitive traffic is waiting to be sent, to improve the overall efficiency of the broadband link and ensure voice can sustain a high MOS (Mean Opinion Score) rating. A process called "rate matching" determines the bandwidth of the broadband uplink automatically so that it can shape the traffic to smooth the flow between the router and the Internet. This eliminates the potential bottlenecks and delays that can be caused by "bursty" data traffic.
333 Network QoS Example Internet Bandwidth Shaper 5A PxP 30 MB 5A PxP 6000 AP QoS 6000 CPE Shaped to 2 MB QoS 6000 CPE VOIP Computer Computer Shaped to 1 MB In this case, no user is ever able to draw more than their fair share of the available up stream bandwidth, even if the communication is between two stations on the same access points. In this case, the head end shaper is limiting the incoming demand based on the end user to ensure no user is taking the entire downstream.
111 Appendix C: Protocol List Dec Keyword Protocol 0 HOPOPT IPv6 Hop-by-Hop Option 1 ICMP Internet Control Message 2 IGMP Internet Group Management 3 GGP Gateway-to-Gateway 4 IP IP in IP (encapsulation) 5 ST Stream 6 TCP Transmission Control 7 CBT CBT 8 EGP Exterior Gateway Protocol 9 IGP private interior gateway 10 BRM BBN RCC Monitoring 11 NVP-II Network Voice Protocol 12 PUP PUP 13 ARGUS ARGUS 14 EMCON EMCON 15 XNET Cross Net Debugger 16 CHAOS Chaos 17 UDP User Datagram 18 MUX Multiplexing 19 DCN-MEAS DCN Measurement 20 HMP Host Monitoring 21 PRM Packet Radio Measurement 22 XNS-IDP XEROX NS IDP 23 TRUNK-1 Trunk-1 24 TRUNK-2 Trunk-2 25 LEAF-1 Leaf-1 26 LEAF-2 Leaf-2 27 RDP Reliable Data Protocol 28 IRTP Internet Reliable Transaction 29 ISO-TP4 ISO Transport Class 4 30 NETBLT Bulk Data Transfer 31 MFE-NSP MFE Network Services 32 MERIT-INP MERIT Internodal Protocol 33 SEP Sequential Exchange 34 3PC Third Party Connect 35 IDPR Inter-Domain Policy Routing Protocol 36 XTP XTP 37 DDP Datagram Delivery 38 IDPR-CMTP IDPR Control Message Transport Proto 39 TP++ TP++ Transport Protocol 40 IL IL Transport Protocol 41 IPv6 Ipv6 42 SDRP Source Demand Routing 43 IPv6-Route Routing Header for IPv6 44 IPv6-Frag Fragment Header for IPv6 45 IDRP Inter-Domain Routing 46 RSVP Reservation Protocol 47 GRE General Routing Encapsulation 48 MHRP Mobile Host Routing Protocol 49 BNA BNA 50 ESP Encap Security Payload for IPv6 Dec Keyword Protocol 51 AH Authentication Header for IPv6 52 I-NLSP Integrated Net Layer Security 53 SWIPE IP with Encryption 54 NARP NBMA Address Resolution 55 MOBILE IP Mobility 56 TLSP Transport Layer Security using Kryptonet key management 57 SKIP SKIP 58 IPv6-ICMP ICMP for IPv6 59 IPv6-NoNxt No Next Header for IPv6 60 IPv6-Opts Destination Options for IPv6 61 any host internal protocol 62 CFTP CFTP 63 any local network 64 SAT-EXPAK SATNET and Backroom EXPAK 65 KRYPTOLAN Kryptolan 66 RVD MIT Remote Virtual Disk 67 IPPC Internet Pluribus Packet Core 68 any distributed file system 69 SAT-MON SATNET Monitoring 70 VISA VISA Protocol 71 IPCV Internet Packet Core Utility 72 CPNX Computer Protocol Network Executive 73 CPHB Computer Protocol Heart Beat 74 WSN Wang Span Network 75 PVP Packet Video Protocol 76 BR-SAT-MON Backroom SATNET Monitoring 77 SUN-ND SUN ND PROTOCOL-Temporary 78 WB-MON WIDEBAND Monitoring 79 WB-EXPAK WIDEBAND EXPAK 80 ISO-IP ISO Internet Protocol 81 VMTP VMTP 82 SECURE-VMTP SECURE-VMTP 83 VINES VINES 84 TTP TTPord Protocol 85 NSFNET-IGP NSFNET-IGP 86 DGP Dissimilar Gateway Protocol 87 TCF TCF 88 EIGRP EIGRP 89 OSPFIGP OSPFIGP 90 Sprite-RPC Sprite RPC Protocol 91 LARP Locus Address Resolution 92 MTP Multicast Transport Protocol 93 AX.25 AX.25 Frames 94 IPIP P-within-IP Encapsulation 95 MICP Mobile Internetworking Control 96 SCC-SP Semaphore Communications Sec. 97 ETHERIP Ethernet-within-IP Encapsulation 98 ENCAP Encapsulation Header 99 any private encryption scheme 100 GMTP GMTP
222 Dec Keyword Protocol 101 IFMP Ipsilon Flow Management 102 PNNI PNNI over IP 103 PIM Protocol Independent Multicast 104 ARIS ARIS 105 SCPS SCPS 106 QNX QNX 107 A/N Active Networks 108 IPComp IP Payload Compression 109 SNP Sitara Networks Protocol 110 Compaq-Peer Compaq Peer Protocol 112 VRRP Virtual Router Redundancy 113 PGM PGM Reliable Transport 114 any 0-hop protocol 115 L2TP Layer Two Tunneling Protocol 116 DDX D-II Data Exchange (DDX) 111 IPX-in-IP IPX in IP 117 IATP Interactive Agent Transfer 118 STP Schedule Transfer Protocol 119 SRP SpectraLink Radio Protocol 120 UTI UTI Dec Keyword Protocol 121 SMP Simple Message Protocol 122 SM SM 123 PTP Performance Transparency 124 ISSIS ISIS over IPv4 125 FIRE 126 CRTP Combat Radio Transport 127 CRUDP Combat Radio User Datagram 128 SSCOPMCE 129 IPLT 130 SPS Secure Packet Shield 131 PIPE Private IP Encapsulation within IP 132 SCTP Stream Control Transmission 133 FC Fibre Channel 134 135 Mobility header 136 UDPLite 137 MPLS-in-IP 138-252 Unassigned 253 Use for experimentation and testing 254 Use for experimentation and testing 255 Reserved RSVP-E2E-IGNORE
111 Appendix D: Common TCP Ports Visit http://www.iana.org/assignments/port-numbers for a full list of well known port numbers. Keyword Port Description ECHO 7 Echo SYSTAT 11 Active Users QOTD 17 Quote of the day MSP 18 Message Send Protocol FTP-DATA 20 File Transfer (Data Channel) FTP 21 File Transfer (Control) TELNET 23 Telnet SMTP 25 Simple Mail Transfer NAME 42 TCP Nameserver BOOTPS 67 Bootstrap Protocol Server BOOTPC 68 Bootstrap Protocol Client TFTP 69 Trivial File Transfer WWW 80 World Wide Web KERBEROS 88 Kerberos POP3 110 TCP post office NNTP 119 USENET NFS 2049 Network File System SIP 5060, 5061 SIP
111 Appendix E: Channel Allocations The following tables list the channel numbers and center frequencies used for 802.11a and 802.11b/g. Note that while all of these frequencies are in the unlicensed ISM and U-NII bands, not all channels are available in all countries. Many regions impose restrictions on output power as well as indoor and outdoor use on some channels. These regulations are rapidly changing, so always check your local regulations before transmitting. These tables show the center frequency for each channel. Channels are 22 MHz wide in 802.11b/g and 20 MHz wide in 802.11a. 802.11b/g Channel # Center Frequency (GHz) Channel # Center Frequency (GHz) 1 2.412 8 2.447 2 2.417 9 2.452 3 2.422 10 2.457 4 2.427 11 2.462 5 2.432 12 2.467 6 2.437 13 2.472 7 2.442 14 2.484 802.11a Channel # Center Frequency (GHz) Channel # Center Frequency (GHz) 34 5.170 52 5.260 36 5.180 56 5.280 38 5.190 60 5.300 40 5.200 64 5.320 42 5.210 149 5.745 44 5.220 153 5.765 46 5.230 157 5.785 48 5.240 161 5.805
111 TIA/EIA-568-B is a set of standards for cabling telecommunications products and services. Follow these standards, as described in the diagram below, to wire the Cat 5 cable during installation of the Tranzeo radio (see Step 3 in Chapter 2: Hardware Installation - Installing the Ethernet Cable). Appendix F: Wiring Standard
111 To many people, routing can be a black art. So many explanations of routing explain the binary logic behind it, but not how to actually use it. This document is designed to offer some practical advise on routing based on some of the common questions our customers ask us. It is not intended to be the definitive source of all routing info. For a detailed description, just do an Internet search for routing. Many customers are familiar with a peer-to-peer network, and have never had to deal with connecting two networks together. In a simple Peer-to-Peer network, every machine talks to every other machine. This works well when there are 10 machines on the network, but just imagine if there were one million machines on the network. The answer is to split the millions of units into manageable pieces, or subnets. Whenever you set up a new machine on an IP network, the minimum IP requirements contain three things, the address of the machine, the subnet mask for the machine, and the default gateway. Let’s imagine that you just moved to a new neighborhood. You need to know three major things to get around, the address of your house, the street you live on, and since you haven’t got your internet access set up yet, where the mailbox is to send your change of address cards. In simple English, the IP info is the house number of the machine, the sub net mask says what street its on and the default gateway is where the mailbox is located. On a network, the mailbox is a router. Figure out how many IP’s you want to give each location. Find in the maximum IP column the value closest to, but greater than the number of IP’s you want to give out. That is the column you should use for your network On an IP network, machines can only send data to here or to there. Here is the IP’s that are within the subnet. If the data isn’t from here, how does it get to there? The answer is that the device sends it to the Gateway. The subnet mask tells the machine who is nearby, and who is not. That’s all it knows. So for example, lets take a machine with an IP address of 10.10.1.1 on a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 and a Gateway of 10.10.1.254. The machine has some information for a machine at the address of 10.1.2.1. The subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 tells the computer that everything that that has an address starting with 10.10.1 is in the same network. There is a complicated formula to figure out what the subnet mask means, but above is a table of values for some common situations. Since 10.1.2 does not equal 10.10.1, the data is sent to the Gateway, which is also called a Router. What do you mean by a routable subnet? So how does this IP thing work? So how Do I figure out the Subnet Mask? So what is a gateway? So what is a gateway? So how Do I figure out the Subnet Mask? So how does this IP thing work? What do you mean by a routable subnet? Appendix G: Routing Quick Start Guide Maximum Number of IP’s per Subnet Maximum Number of Subnets Sub Net Mask to Use Total IP’s Available 6 32 255.255.255.248 192 14 16 255.255.255.240 224 30 8 255.255.255.224 240 62 4 255.255.255.192 248 126 2 255.255.255.128 252 254 1 255.255.255.0 254
222 Note: The following is a super simple explanation of a router. Routers are like a bad boss, they either shout out information to anyone within earshot or they if don’t know what to do with the information, they pass the information on to someone else to deal with. This is commonly referred to as shouting or routing. Routers shout at the machines inside the network, and route the data addressed to machines located outside their network. Routers also are like bad bosses in that they have two faces, a public face, and a private face. In network terms, this means that they have two IP addresses, one a private network, (referred to as the LAN Side) and one on a public network (referred to as the WAN side). Any traffic it receives that is addressed for an IP within the Local Range of the subnet, its shouts out “This is for one of you idiots.” Any traffic it receives that is for an IP that is outside of the range, it politely passes to its Gateway, saying “Would you mind sending this for me?” To make routing work, the WAN IP needs to be on a different subnet than the LAN one. Just like any other device using IP, when it has a Packet on the public side, it decides if the packet is for here or there. So what is a Router? So what is a Router?
333 Connecting Multiple Clients to the Internet using NAT Assuming that you have a full Class C sub net (216.129.68.X), you have 254 possible IP’s to use, from 1 to 254. The Subnet mask for this can be written as 255.255.255.0 or /24. In order to connect clients to the Internet, you can make use of Private IP and NAT. Let’s keep it simple for now, and use some default values. The Tranzeo Radio uses the default IP address of 192.168.1.1, and a sub net mask of 255.255.255.0 (or /24) and issues IP addresses using DHCP on that subnet. Now our network looks like this: One subnet that consists of IP’s ranging from 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.254. Using the shout / route rule, any IP in the 192.168.1.x group shouts to any other IP in that group, but needs to route to any other IP outside that range. The Gateway, by convention in this document, in placed at the bottom of the range. By placing client PCs in this one subnet, and the WAN side of the Radio on the public subnet, we can offer multiple private IPs that will be able to access the Internet. So lets look at an example Examples Examples
444 Public IP’s to less than 10 Clients Through One Radio Assuming that you have a full Class C sub net, 216.129.68.X, you have 254 possible IP’s to use, from 1 to 254. The Subnet mask for this can be written as 255.255.255.0 or /24. However, you want to give each client a public IP. If the client has only PC or a router to attach, then bridge mode will work fine. See example below. Bridge mode is just like using a switch, the data is not touched as it passes through the radio. However, bridge mode only bridges up ten devices, if you need to provide public IPs to more than 10 devices on the same radio, you will need to use the router mode. Lets look at an example
555 Public IP’s to multiple Clients Through One Radio Assuming that you have a full Class C sub net, 216.129.68.X, you have 254 possible IP’s to use, from 1 to 254. The Subnet mask for this can be written as 255.255.255.0 or /24. However, you want to give each client a public IP. If the client has less than 10 PC’s or an external router to attach, then bridge mode will work fine. See example above. But, if they need to have more than 10 computers on a public IP, you need to subnet your class C license. Let’s keep it simple for now, and divide your class C into 2 blocks of 126 licenses each. You’ll note that ½ of a full class C is not 128 licenses. Every time you divide a subnet, you need to dedicate more IP’s for use as broadcasts. To divide into two blocks, we use 255.255.255.128 as our subnet mask. 255.255.255.128 can also be written as /25. Now our network looks something like this One subnet consists IP 216.129.68.1 to 219.129.68.127 and the other consists of 216.129.68.129 to 216.129.68.254. Using the shout / route rule, then any IP in the first group shouts to any other IP in that group, but need to route to any other IP on the network. The Gateway, by convention in this document, in placed at the bottom of the range. By placing client PCs in one subnet, and the WAN side of the Radio on the other subnet, we can offer multiple public IPs that will route. Unlike in the NATing example, we don’t need the Router to translate public to private IP, so make sure that NAT is disabled. So lets look at an example
111 Step 1: Finding the Location The following are some of the steps you should go through when planning a Point to Point (PxP) link. • Determine the 2 endpoint locations. • Calculate the distance between the locations. • Find the heights of the locations Step 2: Check the Line of • Make sure that the line of sight is clear of obstruction. • Check your Fresnel clearance with calculations to verify that you have enough room in the center of the path. • Take photos of the line of sight from both sides of the proposed link. • See example 1 below. Example 1: Fresnel Zone Calculation Step 3: Choose Hardware Free space attenuation = 36.6 + 20log F + 20log D where F = frequency in MHz and D = distance in miles Free Space Loss Appendix H: PxP Install Checklist Link Distance Tower Heights Fresnel zone The cross section radius of the Fresnel zone is the highest in the center of the RF LoS which can be calculated as: where r = radius in feet, d = distance in miles, and f = frequency in GHz. )4/(3.43 fdr =)4/(3.43 fdr =• Select the hardware appropriate for the distance and type of link that you are installing
111 Appendix I: Glossary of Terms AP: Access Point ARP: Address Resolution Protocol CPE: Client Premise Equipment CTS: Clear To Send DFS: Dynamic Frequency Selection DHCP: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DNS: Domain Name Server DTIM: Delivery Traffic Indication Message EIRP: Effective Isotropic Radiated Power FTP: File Transport Protocol HTML: HyperText Markup Language HTTP: HyperText Transport Protocol IP: Internet Protocol ISP: Internet Service Provider LAN: Local Area Network MTU: Maximum Transmission Unit NAT: Network Address Translation NIC: Network Interface Card NOC: Network Operation Center POP: Post Office Protocol or Point Of Presence PxP: Point to Point P2P: Peer to Peer PPPoE: Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet QOS: Quality Of Service RADIUS: Remote Authentication Dial-in User Service RF: Radio Frequency RTS: Request To Send SMTP: Simple Mail Transport Protocol SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocol TCP: Transmission Control Protocol TPC: Transmit Power Control UDP: User Datagram Protocol VPN: Virtual Private Network WAN: Wide Area Network WEP: Wired Equivalent Privacy WDS: Wireless Distribution System WINS: Windows Internet Naming Service WISP: Wireless Internet Service Provider WPA: Wi-Fi Protected Access
111 Appendix J: Tranzeo Electrical Plugs Electrical Plug Type Letter Description * F FCC / North American adapter C ETSI / Euro adapter FCC / Euro adapter A U ETSI / UK adapter FCC / UK adapter M * 24 volt version shown.
111 Warranty Terms For Canada / US 1. The following Tranzeo Wireless manufactured products are warranted against defects in material and workmanship for a period of one year from date of purchase, under normal use. • All products manufactured prior to May 1st, 2006 • All TR-CPE200-N • All TR-CPE200-15 • All TR-CPE200-19 • All Antennas • All Cables 2. All Tranzeo Wireless Power Over Ethernet and power supplies adaptors are covered by a 90 day warranty. 3. All other Tranzeo Wireless CPE, AP and Backhaul Radio products manufactured after May 1st, 2006 are warranted against defects in material and workmanship for a period of two years from date of manufacture, under normal use. 4. Tranzeo Wireless manufactured products are covered by a Parts and Labor Depot Warranty. Depot warranty means the customer is responsible for delivering the defective product to the designated service depot for repair or replacement. 5. Tranzeo Wireless will repair or replace a product that was found to be defective by Tranzeo during the warranty period at its discretion. 6. All non-Tranzeo manufactured products carry the Original Equipment Manufacturer's warranty, which is passed on by Tranzeo Wireless. Warranty Claims against non-Tranzeo manufactured products must be filed with the appropriate manufacturer. 7. This warranty does not cover dealer labor cost for removing and reinstalling the machine for repair nor for any expendable parts that are readily replaced in normal use. 8. The sole responsibility of Tranzeo Wireless Systems under this warranty shall be limited to repair of this product, or replacement thereof, at the sole discretion of Tranzeo Wireless Systems. 9. All RMA items shipped to Tranzeo Wireless must be freight prepaid. Tranzeo Wireless will pay the return freight via a service of Tranzeo Wireless Technologies’ choice. Customer is responsible for payment of any shipping upgrades. Warranty Terms For The European Union 1. All Tranzeo Wireless Power Over Ethernet and power adaptors are covered by a 90 day warranty. 2. All other Tranzeo Wireless manufactured CPE; AP and Backhaul Radio products are warranted against defects in material and workmanship for a period of two years from date of purchase, under normal use. 3. Products must be used in accordance with relevant local regulations. Only products designed for and marketed to the European Market by Tranzeo will be honored for warranty service. 4. Tranzeo Wireless manufactured products are covered by a Parts and Labor Warranty. The customer is responsible for delivering the defective product to the designated service depot for repair or replacement. 5. Tranzeo Wireless will repair or replace a product that was found to be defective by Tranzeo during the warranty period at its discretion. 6. All non-Tranzeo manufactured products carry the OEM's warranty, which is passed on by Tranzeo Wireless. Warranty Claims against non-Tranzeo manufactured products must be filed with the appropriate manufacturer. 7. This warranty does not cover dealer labor cost for removing and reinstalling the machine for repair nor for any expendable parts that are readily replaced in normal use. Appendix K: Warranty Terms
222 8. VAT, Customs and other local taxes are the responsibility of customer. 9. The sole responsibility of Tranzeo Wireless Systems under this warranty shall be limited to repair of this product, or replacement thereof, at the sole discretion of Tranzeo Wireless Systems. 10. All RMA items shipped to Tranzeo Wireless must be freight prepaid. Tranzeo Wireless will arrange the return freight. Customer is responsible for payment of any shipping costs. Shipping costs must be pre-paid before the item is shipped. Warranty Terms For The Rest of the World 1. The following Tranzeo Wireless manufactured products are warranted against defects in material and workmanship for a period of one year from date of purchase, under normal use. • TR-CPE200-N • TR-CPE200-15 • TR-CPE200-19 2. All Tranzeo Wireless Power over Ethernet adaptors are covered by a 90 day warranty. 3. All other Tranzeo Wireless manufactured CPE; AP and Backhaul Radio products are warranted against defects in material and workmanship for a period of two years from date of purchase, under normal use. 4. Tranzeo Wireless manufactured products are covered by a Parts and Labor Warranty. The customer is responsible for delivering the defective product to the designated service depot for repair or replacement. 5. Tranzeo Wireless will repair or replace a product that was found to be defective by Tranzeo during the warranty period at its discretion. 6. All non-Tranzeo manufactured products carry the OEM's warranty, which is passed on by Tranzeo Wireless. Warranty Claims against non-Tranzeo manufactured products must be filed with the appropriate manufacturer. 7. This warranty does not cover dealer labor cost for removing and reinstalling the machine for repair nor for any expendable parts that are readily replaced in normal use. 8. VAT, Customs and other local taxes are the responsibility of customer. 9. The sole responsibility of Tranzeo Wireless Systems under this warranty shall be limited to repair of this product, or replacement thereof, at the sole discretion of Tranzeo Wireless Systems. 10. All RMA items shipped to Tranzeo Wireless must be freight prepaid. Tranzeo Wireless will arrange the return freight. Customer is responsible for payment of any shipping costs. Shipping costs must be pre-paid before the item is shipped. Limitation of Warranty This warranty does not apply if the Product: • has been opened and/or altered, except by Tranzeo Wireless technical personnel, • has been painted in way shape or form, • has been damaged due to errors or defects in cabling • has not been maintained in accordance with instructions supplied by Tranzeo Wireless, • has been subjected to abnormal physical or electrical stress, including lightening strike, misuse, negligence, or accident; • removal of serial number label, or • equipment sold under resale agreements, i.e. Amplifiers, Antennas.
333 Who to Contact for an RMA? There are 3 ways to discuss any technical difficulties and request an RMA #: 1. Fill out our online RMA Request Form at support@tranzeo.com 2. Call our Technical Support Center at 604-460-6002 3. Or email our RMA Department at rma@tranzeo.com What information will be required? • Dealer Username and Password • Customer name/ID # and contact information • Warranty Status (Data of purchase) • Problem Description • Part Number or Serial Number • Troubleshooting actions taken so far Warranty Repair a) RMA number is valid for 90 days only. b) If the product is not received within 90 days, the RMA will be cancelled. c) Tranzeo Wireless will carefully test and evaluate all returned products and will repair or replace defective products that are under warranty at no charge. d) If the malfunction is due to a manufacturing defect, it will be repaired, tested, aligned and calibrated as necessary, with strict adherence to factory specified procedures and parts, to working order. e) If the malfunction is due to an issue not covered by warranty, a $35.00 evaluation fee will be charged, plus the actual costs of the repair. Tranzeo's current shop rate is $70.00 per hour, plus parts. f) When your unit is returned to you, you must restore configuration and or applications before full use can resume. g) If the product cannot be repaired, a refurbished replacement product will be provided. h) However, if Tranzeo Wireless cannot duplicate the problem or condition causing the return, the unit will be returned to the customer at the customers cost as: "No Problem Found" and a $35.00 evaluation fee may be charged. i) Repaired or replaced product will be subject to the original warranty period but not less than 30 days. j) All items must be shipped pre-paid. Tranzeo Wireless will not accept any collect packages. Tranzeo will pay the shipping to return your products. We recommend insuring the package using the values from our commercial invoice. k) Be sure to package the items well. Original packaging should be used for shipping. Tranzeo is not responsible for further damage caused to the unit due to inadequate packaging. l) We recommend that you use a shipping service with tracking (i.e. UPS/FedEx ground) to ship your RMA. Tranzeo will not accept any packages that arrive with charges owing. m) Be sure to include the password for each device. Any device that arrives without a password may be subject to a $60 rebuilding charge per unit.
444 Out of Warranty Replacements Product that is out warranty will be repaired on a fee for service basis at Tranzeo's shop rate of $70.00 per hour plus parts. A $75.00 deposit is charged for all non-warranty repairs when the RMA is issued. Any goods left for more than 90 days without instructions will be considered abandoned and be disposed of. What to ship? Products that are returned for RMA work should be shipped in the original package and include the items that that are to be repaired. All returned product must reference the RMA # on the outside of the box. A returned product without clearly marked RMA# will be refused and returned to sender. How to ship? • We recommend that you use a shipping service with tracking (i.e. UPS/FedEx ground) to ship your RMA. • Products returned for warranty repair or out-of-warranty replacement, must be marked with a valid RMA number and shipped FOB Destination, Prepaid. • Approximate turnaround time is 7 business days for warranty repairs and replacements. • Shipping Time is generally 7 business days to any location in the United States. • Tranzeo Wireless will refuse any item that does not have an RMA# clearly marked on the outside of the box. • Tranzeo Wireless is NOT responsible for any damage to the products during transit by the shipping company. • All claims for shipment errors must be made within 3 days after receipt of shipment. Warranty Disclaimer Except in only the limited express warranty set forth above, there are no expressed or implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. In no event will Tranzeo Wireless Systems be liable for any direct, special, or consequential damages arising out of, or in connection with, the delivery, use, inability to use, or performance of this product.
555 This document is intended for Public Distribution 19473 Fraser Way, Goods Damaged in Transit Tranzeo Wireless Technologies ships all item FOB Factory. This means that title for the item transfers to the buyer once the courier picks up the package. If there is damage, a claim must be filed with the courier by the owner of the goods, which is the buyer. Shipping damage is not covered by the warranty. Damage claims are between the recipient of the goods and the courier. Shipping Firms do have legal obligations and limitations as to when and how much to compensate for damage, but only if the claim is filed on time and in the correct manner. You must file the claim as soon as possible. Making a Damage Claim If you receive a shipment that appears to have been damaged by the shipper during shipping, take the steps on the on the box (shown below), then contact us so we have a record of the incident. We will assist in any way we can in filing and advocating for your claim. If you choose to accept the shipment and sign for it, have the shipper stay with you while you open and inspect the contents of the container for any additional damage that was not visible before opening. Make sure the shipper notes all damage on the shipping bill before you sign. By signing the waybill, you release the Shipping Company from all obligations unless the damage is clearly noted. If it is possible to take any photos of the damage and forward to the shipper and us, Before signing the shipping bill (for receipt of the shipment), have the shipper note on the shipping bill the exact details of the damage. If the damage appears to be very extensive, you still should not refuse the shipment. Refusing the shipment will delay your claim.
111 This document is intended for Public Distribution 19473 Fraser Way, Appendix L: How Can We Improve? Please take a moment to help us improve your experience with Tranzeo Wireless. Please fax the completed questionnaire to 604-460-6005. Each month we will draw for a free gift. Product Quality Service and Environment Additional Comments _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ About You (optional) Thank you for your participation! Was this your first order from Tranzeo Wireless?  Yes  No Was your order complete?  Yes  No, I was missing: _______________________ How would you rate our website?  Very Informative  Generally good  Quality varies  Poor quality How would you rate our packaging?  Consistent high quality  Generally good  Quality varies shipment to shiment  Poor quality How would you rate our order process?  Consistent high quality  Generally good  Quality varies daily  Poor quality How would you rate our Technical Support?  Consistent high quality  Generally good  Quality varies each time  Poor quality Did you Sales Rep answer all your questions and explain your best options?  Yes  No How long did you wait for your product after ordering?  1 to 3 days  3 to 5 days  More than 5 days How would you rate the Tranzeo Wireless staff you have dealt with to date?  Friendly and helpful  Average  Varies on each call  Poor service Was the entire experience positive?  Yes  No If No why?:___________________ Name E-mail Address Phone City, State, ZIP Code May we add you to our mailing list, which offers news and exciting promotions? □ Yes □ No Name E-mail Address Phone City, State, ZIP Code May we add you to our mailing list, which offers news and exciting promotions? □ Yes □ No Did you Sales Rep answer all your questions and explain your best options?  Yes  No How long did you wait for your product after ordering?  1 to 3 days  3 to 5 days  More than 5 days How would you rate the Tranzeo Wireless staff you have dealt with to date?  Friendly and helpful  Average  Varies on each call  Poor service Was the entire experience positive?  Yes  No If No why?:___________________ Was this your first order from Tranzeo Wireless?  Yes  No Was your order complete?  Yes  No, I was missing: _______________________ How would you rate our website?  Very Informative  Generally good  Quality varies  Poor quality How would you rate our packaging?  Consistent high quality  Generally good  Quality varies shipment to shiment  Poor quality How would you rate our order process?  Consistent high quality  Generally good  Quality varies daily  Poor quality How would you rate our Technical Support?  Consistent high quality  Generally good  Quality varies each time  Poor quality
111 Appendix M: Notes

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