Trimble 5935524-B1 GNSS RX with Bluetooth and Spread Spectrum Radio User Manual Revised

Trimble Navigation Ltd GNSS RX with Bluetooth and Spread Spectrum Radio Users Manual Revised

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5935524 B1 User Manual

Users Manual Revised

Trimble® SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas USER GUIDE

Version 3.30Revision BJuly 2007 FUSER GUIDETrimble® SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas

SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide 3Safety InformationBefore you use your Trimble® SPS GPS receiver, make sure that you have read and understood all safety requirements.Regulations and safetyThe receivers contain an internal radio-modem and can send signals through Bluetooth® wireless technology or through an external data communications radio. Regulations regarding the use of the 450 MHz radio-modems vary greatly from country to country. In some countries, the unit can be used without obtaining an end-user license. Other countries require end-user licensing. For licensing information, consult your local Trimble dealer. Bluetooth, 900 MHz, and 2.4 GHz radio-modems operate in license-free bands.Before operating an SPSx50 or SPSx51 Modular GPS receiver, or an SPSx80 or SPSx81 Smart GPS antenna, determine if authorization or a license to operate the unit is required in your country. It is the responsibility of the end user to obtain an operator’s permit or license for the receiver for the location or country of use.For FCC regulations, see Notices, page 2.Type approvalType approval, or acceptance, covers technical parameters of the equipment related to emissions that can cause interference. Type approval is granted to the manufacturer of the transmission equipment, independent from the operation or licensing of the units. Some countries have unique technical requirements for operation in particular radio-modem frequency bands. To comply with those requirements, Trimble may have modified your equipment to be granted Type approval. Unauthorized modification of the units voids the Type approval, the warranty, and the operational license of the equipment.Exposure to radio frequency radiationFor 450 MHz radioSafety. Exposure to RF energy is an important safety consideration. The FCC has adopted a safety standard for human exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic energy emitted by FCC regulated equipment as a result of its actions in General Docket 79-144 on March 13, 1986.Proper use of this radio modem results in exposure below government limits. The following precautions are recommended:•DO NOT operate the transmitter when someone is 20 cm (7.8 inches) of the antenna.•DO NOT operate the transmitter unless all RF connectors are secure and any open connectors are properly terminated.•DO NOT operate the equipment near electrical blasting caps or in an explosive atmosphere.

Safety Information4 SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide•All equipment must be properly grounded according to Trimble installation instructions for safe operation.•All equipment should be serviced only by a qualified technician.For license-free 900 MHz radio1CCAUTION – For your own safety, and in terms of the RF Exposure requirements of the FCC, always observe the precautions listed here.•Always maintain a minimum separation distance of 20 cm (7.8 inches) between yourself and the radiating antenna on the SPSx50 and SPSx51 radio-modem.•Do not co-locate the antenna with any other transmitting device.For 2.4 GHz radio2Safety. Exposure to RF energy is an important safety consideration. The FCC has adopted a safety standard for human exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic energy emitted by FCC regulated equipment as a result of its actions in General Docket 79-144 on March 13, 1986.Proper use of this radio modem results in exposure below government limits. The following precautions are recommended:•DO NOT operate the transmitter when someone is within 20 cm (7.8 inches) of the antenna.The maximum gain of the antenna must not exceed 8 dBi.For Bluetooth radioThe radiated output power of the internal Bluetooth wireless radio is far below the FCC radio frequency exposure limits. Nevertheless, the wireless radio shall be used in such a manner that the Trimble receiver is 20 cm or further from the human body. The internal wireless radio operates within guidelines found in radio frequency safety standards and recommendations, which reflect the consensus of the scientific community. Trimble therefore believes the internal wireless radio is safe for use by consumers. The level of energy emitted is far less than the electromagnetic energy emitted by wireless devices such as mobile phones. However, the use of wireless radios may be restricted in some situations or environments, such as on aircraft. If you are unsure of restrictions, you are encouraged to ask for authorization before turning on the wireless radio.Installing antennasCCAUTION – For your own safety, and in terms of the RF Exposure requirements of the FCC, always observe these precautions: – Always maintain a minimum separation distance of 20 cm (7.8 inches) between yourself and the radiating antenna. – Do not co-locate the antenna with any other transmitting device.1. 900 MHz radios are not used in Europe.2. 2.40 GHz radios are available initially only for Japan.

SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide 5Safety InformationThis device has been designed to operate with the antennas listed below. Antennas not included in this list are strictly prohibited for use with this device. The required antenna impedance is 50 ohms.The antennas that can be used (country dependent) with the 450 MHz radio are 0 dBi and 5 dBi whip antennas. The antennas that can be used (country dependent) with the 900 MHz radio are 0 dBi, 3 dBi, and 5 dBi whip antennas. The antennas that can be used (country dependant) with the 2.4 GHz radio are 2 dBi and 8 dBi whip antennas.To reduce potential radio interference to other users, the antenna type and its gain should be so chosen that the equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.) is not more than that permitted for successful communication.Battery safetyCWARNING – Do not damage the rechargeable Lithium-ion battery. A damaged battery can cause an explosion or fire, and can result in personal injury and/or property damage. To prevent injury or damage: – Do not use or charge the battery if it appears to be damaged. Signs of damage include, but are not limited to, discoloration, warping, and leaking battery fluid. – Do not expose the battery to fire, high temperature, or direct sunlight. – Do not immerse the battery in water. – Do not use or store the battery inside a vehicle during hot weather. – Do not drop or puncture the battery. – Do not open the battery or short-circuit its contacts.CWARNING – Avoid contact with the rechargeable Lithium-ion battery if it appears to be leaking. Battery fluid is corrosive, and contact with it can result in personal injury and/or property damage. To prevent injury or damage: – If the battery leaks, avoid contact with the battery fluid. – If battery fluid gets into your eyes, immediately rinse your eyes with clean water and seek medical attention. Do not rub your eyes! – If battery fluid gets onto your skin or clothing, immediately use clean water to wash off the battery fluid.CWARNING – Charge and use the rechargeable Lithium-ion battery only in strict accordance with the instructions. Charging or using the battery in unauthorized equipment can cause an explosion or fire, and can result in personal injury and/or equipment damage. To prevent injury or damage: – Do not charge or use the battery if it appears to be damaged or leaking. – Charge the Lithium-ion battery only in a Trimble product that is specified to charge it. Be sure to follow all instructions that are provided with the battery charger. – Discontinue charging a battery that gives off extreme heat or a burning odor. – Use the battery only in Trimble equipment that is specified to use it. – Use the battery only for its intended use and according to the instructions in the product documentation.

Safety Information6 SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide

SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide 7ContentsSafety Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Regulations and safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Type approval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Exposure to radio frequency radiation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3For 450 MHz radio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3For license-free 900 MHz radio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4For Bluetooth radio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Installing antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Battery safety. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11About the SPSx80 Smart GPS antenna. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11SPS780 Basic Smart GPS antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11SPS780 Max Smart GPS antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11SPS880 Extreme Smart GPS antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11About the SPSx81 Smart GPS antenna. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12SPS781 Basic Smart GPS antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12SPS781 Max Smart GPS antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12SPS881 Extreme Smart GPS antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Related Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Technical Support. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Your Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 Features and Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16SPS780 Smart GPS antenna features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16SPS780 standard features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16SPS780 Basic features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17SPS780 Max features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17SPS781 Smart GPS antenna standard features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17SPS880 Extreme Smart GPS antenna standard features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18SPS881 Extreme Smart GPS antenna standard features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Use and care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19COCOM limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Parts of the receiver. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Front panel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Lower housing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Button functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22LED behavior. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22LED flash patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Contents8 SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide3 Batteries and Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25External power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Battery safety. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Battery performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Charging the Lithium-ion batteries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Storing the Lithium-ion battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Disposing of the rechargeable Lithium-ion battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284 Setup Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Base station operation guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Base station components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Base station setup guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Rover operation guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Rover receiver components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Rover receiver setup guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Cellular modem and external radio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375 Setting up the Receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39Connecting the receiver to external devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40Trimble controller with SCS900 Site Controller software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40External radio-modems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41Common ways to set up a base station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41Setting up a base station for permanent or semi-permanent installation. . . . . . . . . . 41Setting up a base station for daily site use: T-Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43Setting up a mobile base station: Tripod and fixed height tripod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44Common ways to set up a rover receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47Setting up the rover receiver on a jobsite vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48Setting up the rover receiver on a rod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49Setting up a rover receiver on a belt or in a backpack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516 Configuring the Receiver Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53Using the SCS900 Site Controller software to configure the base station, the rover, and the radios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54Configuring the receiver to log data for postprocessing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55Configuring the receiver in real time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55Configuring the receiver using application files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55Special application files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56Applying application files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57Storing application files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57Naming application files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58Creating and editing the configuration files that control the receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58Installing the Configuration Toolbox software. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58Configuring the receiver using the Configuration Toolbox software . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59Transmitting the application file to the receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide 9Contents7 AutoBase Feature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61Setting Up a Base Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62Best practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62Antenna type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63Scenario One: Base station setup on first visit to a site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63Scenario Two: Base station setup on a repeat visit to that site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63Scenario Three: The stored base station position seems to be missing . . . . . . . . . . . 64AutoBase process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 658 Default Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67Default receiver settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68Resetting the receiver to factory defaults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68Default behavior. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69Power up settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69Logging data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69Logging data after a power loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 699 Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71General specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72Physical specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72Electrical specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73Communication specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74GPS satellite signal tracking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75Integrated radio options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76Variable configuration options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77A NMEA-0183 Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79NMEA-0183 message overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80Common message elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81Message values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81NMEA messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81B GSOF Messages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97Supported message types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98General Serial Output Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98Reading binary values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99INTEGER data types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99GSOF message definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101TIME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101LLH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102ECEF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102ECEF DELTA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102NEU DELTA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103Velocity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103

Contents10 SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User GuidePDOP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104SIGMA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104SV Brief . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105SV Detail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105UTC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106Batt/Mem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107Attitude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107Flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108C Adding Internal Radio Frequencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111Adding receive frequencies for the 450 MHz internal radio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112D Real-Time Data and Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113RT17 Streamed Data service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114Login authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114E Upgrading the Receiver Firmware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115The WinFlash utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116Installing the WinFlash utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116Upgrading the receiver firmware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116F Data Logging and Postprocessed Measurement Operations . . . . . . . 119Connecting to the office computer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .120Transferring files directly from a CompactFlash card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .120Deleting files in the receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .120Supported file types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121G Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123LED conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124Receiver issues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124Base station setup and static measurement problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

CHAPTER1SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide 11Introduction 1Welcome to the SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide. This manual describes how to set up and use the Trimble® SPSx80 and SPSx81Smart GPS antennas. The SPS GPS receivers is a family of receivers that comprise the SPSx50 and SPSx51 Modular GPS receivers, and the SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS antennas. Where necessary, this manual contains references to specific receivers in the product family. When information is specific to a particular model, then the specific model name is used. Even if you have used other Global Positioning System (GPS) products before, Trimble recommends that you spend some time reading this manual to learn about the special features of this product. If you are not familiar with GPS, visit the Trimble website (www.trimble.com) for an interactive look at Trimble and GPS.About the SPSx80 Smart GPS antennaThe SPSx80 Smart GPS antenna family comprises the following Smart GPS antennas:•SPS780 Basic base•SPS780 Basic rover•SPS780 Max•SPS880 ExtremeThe Smart GPS antennas are designed for all on-the-rod rover operation and rapid daily base station setup operation.SPS780 Basic Smart GPS antennaThe SPS780 Basic Smart GPS antenna is the entry level receiver in the SPSx80 Smart GPS antenna family. The SPS780 Basic is available in the following confiugrations:•SPS780 Basic base•SPS780 Basic roverThe receiver is optimized for use on small-to-midsize construction projects. SPS780 Max Smart GPS antennaThe SPS780 Max Smart GPS antenna is available from new or as an upgrade to the SPS780 Basic Smart GPS antenna. The SPS780 Max configuration provides you with base and rover operation capability plus the ability to work at longer ranges from the base station, and to operate as a rover in a Trimble Virtual Reference Station (VRS™) network.SPS880 Extreme Smart GPS antennaThe SPS880 Extreme Smart GPS antenna can track the existing GPS L1 and L2 satellite signals plus the future L2C and L5 signals as they become available. The new signals provide the ability to initialize faster, work in harsher GPS environments, and work at longer ranges from the base station. The SPS880 Extreme can also utilize signals from the Russian GLONASS satellites, providing increased satellite availability and fewer/shorter GPS outages.

1 Introduction12 SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User GuideAbout the SPSx81 Smart GPS antennaThe SPSx81 Smart GPS antenna family comprises the following Smart GPS antennas:•SPS781 Basic base•SPS781 Basic rover•SPS781 Max•SPS881 ExtremeThe Smart GPS antennas are designed for all on-the-rod rover operation and rapid daily base station setup operation.All the SPSx81 Smart GPS antennas track the GPS L1/L2 and modernized L2C satellite signals.SPS781 Basic Smart GPS antennaThe SPS781 Basic Smart GPS antenna is the entry level receiver in the SPSx81 Smart GPS antenna family. The SPS781 Basic is available in the following configurations:•SPS781 Basic base•SPS781 Basic roverThe receiver is optimized for use on small-to-midsize construction projects. SPS781 Max Smart GPS antennaThe SPS781 Max Smart GPS antenna is available from new or as an upgrade to the SPS781 Basic Smart GPS antenna. The SPS781 Max configuration provides you with base and rover operation capability plus the ability to work at longer ranges from the base station, and to operate as a rover in a Trimble Virtual Reference Station (VRS™) network.SPS881 Extreme Smart GPS antennaThe SPS881 Extreme Smart GPS antenna can track the existing GPS L1/L2/L2C satellite signals. This Smart GPS antenna can be upgraded to use signals from the Russian GLONASS satellites, providing increased satellite availability and fewer/shorter GPS outages. This receiver can also be upgraded to track the GPS modernized L5 signal as it becomes available.The use of the Smart GPS antenna with the signal upgrades, provides the ability to initalize faster, work in harsher satellie enivornments, and to work at longer ranges from the base station.Related InformationSources of related information include the following:•Help – The SCS900 Site Controller software has built-in, context-sensitive help that lets you quickly find the information you need. Access it from the Help menu. Alternatively, click the ? button in a dialog, or press [F1]. On a Microsoft® Windows® CE device, select Start / Help.•Release notes – The release notes describe new features of the product, information not included in the manuals, and any changes to the manuals. They are provided as a .pdf file on the Trimble SPS GPS Receiver CD. •Trimble training courses – Consider a training course to help you use your GPS system to its fullest potential. For more information, go to the Trimble website at www.trimble.com/training.html.Technical SupportIf you have a problem and cannot find the information you need in the product documentation, contact your local dealer. Alternatively, go to the Support area of the Trimble website (www.trimble.com/support.shtml). Select the product you need information on. Product updates, documentation, and any support issues are available for download.

SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide 13Introduction 1If you need to contact Trimble technical support, complete the online inquiry form at www.trimble.com/support_form.asp. Your CommentsYour feedback about the supporting documentation helps us to improve it with each revision. E-mail your comments to ReaderFeedback@trimble.com.

1 Introduction14 SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide

CHAPTER2SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide 15Features and Functions 2In this chapter:QSPS780 Smart GPS antenna featuresQSPS781 Smart GPS antenna standard featuresQSPS880 Extreme Smart GPS antenna standard featuresQSPS881 Extreme Smart GPS antenna standard featuresQUse and careQCOCOM limitsQParts of the receiverQButton functionsQLED behaviorThe Smart GPS antennas are designed to be used for the following infrastructure and site development applications:•Layout of structure foundations, caissons and piles•Earthworks, fine grading and finishing stakeout operations•Initial site measurements to verify design levels and regular subsequent measurements to determine progress volumes•Measurements and grade/thickness checks on laid materialsThe Smart GPS antennas incorporate a GPS antenna, receiver, internal radio, and battery in a rugged light-weight unit that is ideally suited as an all-on-the-pole RTK rover or quick setup/rapid mobilization base station. LEDs enable you to monitor satellite tracking, radio reception, data logging status, and power. Bluetooth® wireless technology provides cable-free communications between the receiver and controller. You can use the SPSx80 or SPSx81 as part of an RTK GPS system with the Trimble SCS900 Site Controller software.All the receivers can optionally record GPS data to the receiver’s optional internal memory and download to a computer using the serial connection.

2 Features and Functions16 SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User GuideOverviewThe SPS780/SPS781 and SPS880 Extreme/SPS881 Extreme Smart GPS antennas (see Figure 2.1) are very similar in setup, operational use, and controls. The SPS880 Extreme/SPS881 Extreme has a taller antenna dome to accommodate the larger GPS antenna and the circuitry required to track additional GPS signals and GLONASS satellites. Figure 2.1 SPS781 Smart GPS antenna (left), and the SPS881 Extreme Smart GPS antenna (right)SPS780 Smart GPS antenna featuresThe SPS780 Smart GPS antenna provides the following standard features. For features specific to each model, see below.SPS780 standard features•Small, lightweight design – 1.31 kg (2.89 lb) (integrated radio, GPS receiver, GPS antenna and battery); 3.7 kg (8.16 lb) complete system weight (rover including TSC2 controller and rod)•The quick setup, high mobility base and rover receiver system is ideal for small to mid-size jobsites and for working on multiple jobsites on a daily or weekly basis•24-channel L1/L2 GPS receiver (SPS780 Basic and SPS780 Max)•Internal, removable, smart Lithium-ion battery provides up to 6.6 hrs GPS rover operation per battery•Bluetooth® wireless technology for cable free, no hassle base or rover operation•Simple keypad with on/off key and LED indicators for power, radio, and satellite tracking•Allows measurement from a moving platform, for example, mounted on a vehicle or marine vessel for increased efficiency on large jobsites

SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide 17Features and Functions 2SPS780 Basic featuresBase station only, or rover only, operationSPS780 Basic base•Base station operational range limited only by normal restrictions common to UHF radio transmissions•Integrated transmit radio (450 MHz Base configuration only)•Entry level price point for lower cost of base station•Can be upgraded to the SPS780 MaxSPS780 Basic rover•2 Hz measurement rover receiver update rate•Rover operational range limited to 1.5 mile (2.4 km) from base station•Entry level price point for lower cost of rover•Can be upgraded to the SPS780 MaxSPS780 Max features•Base/Rover receiver interchangeability for ultimate GPS fleet flexibility•Rover option offers 10 Hz measurement update rate•Range limited only by normal restrictions common to UHF radio transmissions•Operates as a rover within a Virtual Reference Station (VRS) network for operation without a conventional base station •Integrated transmit/receive radio provides base station and rover operation capability (900 MHz variant contains receive only radio and utilizes the SNB900 radio at the base station for transmit capability) SPS781 Smart GPS antenna standard featuresThe SPS781 Smart GPS antenna has the same features as the SPS780 as well as the following additional features:•RoHS compliant•Can use GPS L1/L2/L2C signals•Upgraded hardware for improved satellite tracking and positioning performance•72-channel receiver •4 SBAS channels

2 Features and Functions18 SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User GuideSPS781 Basic features•Can be upgraded to the SPS781 MaxSPS880 Extreme Smart GPS antenna standard features•Small, lightweight design – 1.35 kg (2.97 lb) (integrated radio, GPS receiver, GPS antenna and battery); 3.71 kg (8.18 lb) complete system weight (rover including TSC2 controller and rod)•The quick setup, high mobility base or rover receiver, is ideal for any size jobsite as a rover and for working on multiple jobsites on a daily or weekly basis•72-channel L1/L2/L2C/L5 GPS and L1/L2 GLONASS receiver•Performs all site measurement and stakeout operations within the operating range of the radio•Internal, removable, smart Lithium-ion battery provides up to 5.5 hrs GPS rover operation per battery •Bluetooth wireless technology for cable free, no hassle base or rover operation•Simple keypad with on/off key and LED indicators for power, radio and satellite tracking•20 Hz update rate•Full base/rover interchangeability•Operates within a VRS network for conventional base station-free rover capability•Integrated transmit radio (450 MHz version only)•Tracks GLONASS L1/L2 signals for increased satellite availability and operation in harsh GPS environments•Receives L2C code and L5 carrier signal for future GPS modernization capabilitySPS881 Extreme Smart GPS antenna standard featuresThe SPS881 Extreme Smart GPS antenna has the same features as the SPS880 Extreme as well as the following additional features:•RoHS compliant•The standard SPS881 Extreme (P/N 71489-xx) can receive the GPS L2C signal•Can be upgraded to use GLONASS signals•Can be upgraded to use L5 GPS signals•4 SBAS channels

SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide 19Features and Functions 2Use and careThis product is designed to withstand the rough treatment and tough environment that typically occurs in construction applications. However, the receiver is a high-precision electronic instrument and should be treated with reasonable care.CCAUTION – Operating or storing the receiver outside the specified temperature range can damage it. For more information, see Chapter 10, Specifications.COCOM limitsThe U.S. Department of Commerce requires that all exportable GPS products contain performance limitations so that they cannot be used in a manner that could threaten the security of the United States. The following limitations are implemented on this product:•Immediate access to satellite measurements and navigation results is disabled when the receiver velocity is computed to be greater than 1,000 knots, or its altitude is computed to be above 18,000 meters. The receiver GPS subsystem resets until the COCOM situation clears. As a result, all logging and stream configurations stop until the GPS subsystem is cleared. Parts of the receiverAll operating controls are located on the front panel. Serial ports and connectors are located on the bottom of the unit.Front panelFigure 2.2 shows a front view of the SPSx81 Smart GPS antenna. The front panel contains the three indicator LEDs, and the power button. The SPSx80 Smart GPS antenna has the same buttons but the surrending color is yellow rather than black.

2 Features and Functions20 SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User GuideFigure 2.2 Front panelThe power button controls the receiver’s power on or off functions.The indicator LEDs show the status of power, satellite tracking, and radio reception. For more information, see LED behavior, page 22.Satellite LEDRadio LEDPower LEDPower button

SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide 21Features and Functions 2Lower housingFigure 2.3 shows the lower housing of the SPS781 Smart GPS antenna. The lower housing is the same for the SPS780 and SPS880 Extreme, except for the identifying label. The housing contains the two serial ports, one TNC radio antenna connector, the removable battery compartment and the 5/8-11 threaded insert.Figure 2.3 Lower housingEach port or connector on the Smart GPS antenna is marked with an icon to indicate its main function, as shown in Table 2.1.Table 2.1 Receiver portsIcon Name ConnectionsPort 1 Device, computer, external radio, power inPort 2 Device, computer, external radioRADIO Radio communications antenna Port 1Port 2TNC radioconnectionReceiver identifyingidentifyingantenna 5/8-11"threadedinsert

2 Features and Functions22 SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User GuidePort 1 is a 7-pin 0-shell Lemo connector that supports RS-232 communications and external power input. Port 1 has no power outputs.Port 2 is a DB-9 male connector that allows for full 9-pin RS-232 communications. Port 2 does not support power in or out. For more information on default port settings, see Default receiver settings, page 68. The TNC port connector is for connecting a radio antenna to the receiver internal radio. A whip “rubber duck” antenna is supplied with the system for units with internal UHF or 900 MHz radios. This connector is not used if you are using an external radio receiver. For longer range operation (to provide higher gain and to raise the antenna higher above the ground), you can use a cable to connect an external radio antenna to the TNC port. For more information on connecting the Smart GPS antenna, see the Chapter 5, Setting up the Receiver.Button functionsThe receiver has only one button, the Power button, represented in this manual by E . Press E to switch the receiver on or off, and to perform other functions, as described as follows: Note – The term “press” means to press the button and release it immediately. The term “hold” means to press the button and hold it down for the given time.LED behaviorThe three LEDs on the front panel of the receiver indicate various operating conditions. Generally, a lit or slowly flashing LED indicates normal operation, a LED that is flashing quickly indicates a condition that may require attention, and an unlit LED indicates that no operation is occurring. The following table defines each possible LED state:Action Power buttonTurn on the receiver PressTurn off the receiver Hold for 2 secondsDelete the ephemeris file Hold for 15 secondsReset the receiver to factory defaults Hold for 15 secondsDelete application files Hold for 30 secondsThe term … means that the LED …Slow flash alternates on/off for 500 milliseconds.Fast flash alternates rapidly on/off for 100 millisecondsOn is lit steadyOff is unlit

SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide 23Features and Functions 2LED flash patternsThe following table details the possible flash patterns to indicate various states of receiver operation. Note – If a column shows “N/A”, that specific LED may or may not be on, but it is not relevant to that particular mode.Receiver mode Power LEDGreenRadio LEDGreenSatellite LEDAmberReceiver OFF OFF OFF OFFReceiver ONHealthy power ON N/A N/ALow power Fast flash N/A N/ATracking <4 SVs ON N/A Fast flashTracking >4 SVs ON N/A Slow flashLogging data internally Flashes off every 3 secondsN/A N/AReceiving valid data packets ON Slow flash N/ANo data packets ON OFF N/AMonitor mode ON Slow flash ON

2 Features and Functions24 SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide

CHAPTER3SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide 25Batteries and Power 3In this chapter:QExternal powerQBattery safetyQBattery performanceQCharging the Lithium-ion batteriesQStoring the Lithium-ion batteryQDisposing of the rechargeable Lithium-ion batteryThe GPS receiver is powered by an internal Lithium-ion battery, which can be detached from the receiver for charging. The receiver can also be connected to an external power source through Port 1.During measurement operations, each internal battery typically provides about 6.6 hours of power if using the internal Rx (receive) radio and about 4.5 hours operating as a base station using the internal 450 MHz Tx (transmit) radio. These times vary according to the type of measurement and the operating conditions.

3 Batteries and Power26 SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User GuideExternal powerThe GPS receiver uses an external power source in preference to its internal batteries. If the receiver is not connected to an external power source, or if the external power supply fails, the internal batteries are used. While carrying out static measurements for postprocessed computations using the internal memory, if no external power is supplied and the internal battery is drained, the receiver shuts down. No data is lost and when power is restored, the receiver restarts in the same status as it was when power was lost.Battery safetyThe receiver is powered by one rechargable Lithium-ion battery. Charge and use the battery only in strict accordance with the instructions in this chapter.CWARNING – Do not damage the rechargeable Lithium-ion battery. A damaged battery can cause an explosion or fire, and can result in personal injury and/or property damage. To prevent injury or damage: – Do not use or charge the battery if it appears to be damaged. Signs of damage include, but are not limited to, discoloration, warping, and leaking battery fluid. – Do not expose the battery to fire, high temperature, or direct sunlight. – Do not immerse the battery in water. – Do not use or store the battery inside a vehicle during hot weather. – Do not drop or puncture the battery. – Do not open the battery or short-circuit its contacts.CWARNING – Avoid contact with the rechargeable Lithium-ion battery if it appears to be leaking. Battery fluid is corrosive, and contact with it can result in personal injury and/or property damage. To prevent injury or damage: – If the battery leaks, avoid contact with the battery fluid. – If battery fluid gets into your eyes, immediately rinse your eyes with clean water and seek medical attention. Do not rub your eyes! – If battery fluid gets onto your skin or clothing, immediately use clean water to wash off the battery fluid.Battery performanceTo optimize battery performance and extend battery life:•Fully charge all new batteries before use. •Batteries perform best when they are not used at extreme temperatures. The receiver is designed to operate at –40 °C to +65 °C (–40 °F to +149 °F). However, operation at temperatures of less than 0 °C (32 °F) can cause a rapid drop in battery life. •The Lithium-ion batteries are rated to operate from –20 °C to +60 °C (–4 °F to +140 °F)•Do not allow a battery that is in storage to discharge to below 5 V.

SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide 27Batteries and Power 3Charging the Lithium-ion batteriesCWARNING – Charge and use the rechargeable Lithium-ion battery only in strict accordance with the instructions. Charging or using the battery in unauthorized equipment can cause an explosion or fire, and can result in personal injury and/or equipment damage. To prevent injury or damage: – Do not charge or use the battery if it appears to be damaged or leaking. – Charge the Lithium-ion battery only in a Trimble product that is specified to charge it. Be sure to follow all instructions that are provided with the battery charger. – Discontinue charging a battery that gives off extreme heat or a burning odor. – Use the battery only in Trimble equipment that is specified to use it. – Use the battery only for its intended use and according to the instructions in the product documentation.The rechargeable Lithium-ion batteries are supplied partially charged. Note – Charge the battery completely before using it for the first time. If the battery has been stored for longer than three months, charge it before use.To charge the battery, first remove the battery from the receiver, and then place it in the following battery charger, which is connected to mains power:•The dual-slot GPS battery charger (P/N 61116-00) and power supply (P/N 59221-00): Storing the Lithium-ion batteryIf you must store a Lithium-ion battery for long periods, make sure that it is fully charged before it is stored, and that you charge it at least once every three months while it is stored.Do not allow a battery that is in storage to discharge to below 5 V. A battery that reaches deep discharge level (5 V or less) cannot be recharged and must be replaced. (To protect a battery that is in use from deep discharge, the receiver switches power sources or stops drawing power when the battery pack discharges to 5.9 V.)All batteries discharge over time when not in use, and they discharge faster in colder temperatures. Do not store the receiver at temperatures outside the range –40 °C to +70 °C (–40 °F to +158 °F).

3 Batteries and Power28 SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User GuideDo not store the batteries in the receiver or in the external charger unless power is applied. Keep all batteries on continuous charge when not in use. You can keep batteries on charge indefinitely without damage to the batteries. Disposing of the rechargeable Lithium-ion batteryDischarge a Lithium-ion battery before disposing of it. Dispose of batteries in an environmentally sensitive manner, and adhere to any local and national regulations concerning battery disposal or recycling.

CHAPTER4SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide 29Setup Guidelines 4In this chapter:QBase station operation guidelinesQRover operation guidelinesGPS Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) operation provides centimeter-level accuracy by eliminating errors that are present in the GPS system. For all RTK operations, you require both a base station and a rover receiver.This chapter introduces the concepts of base station and rover operation, provides information to help you identify good setup locations, describes best practices for setting up the equipment, and outlines the precautions that you need to take to protect the equipment.Note – This chapter provides setup information for all the receivers in the SPS GPS receiver family.

4 Setup Guidelines30 SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User GuideBase station operation guidelinesA base station consists of a receiver that is placed at a known (and fixed) position. The receiver tracks the same satellites that are being tracked by the rover receiver, at the same time that the rover is tracking them. Errors in the GPS system are monitored at the fixed (and known) base station, and a series of position corrections are computed. The messages are sent through a radio link to the rover receiver, where they are used to correct the real time positions of the rover.Base station componentsThe base station has the following components:•GPS receiver•GPS antenna•Base station radio•Power supplyGPS receiver and GPS antennaThe base station GPS receiver can be one of following types:•A Smart GPS antenna, such as the SPSx80 or SPSx81, which incorporates a GPS receiver, GPS antenna, power supply, and radio into a single compact unit. A Smart GPS antenna can be rapidly set up on a tripod, fixed height tripod, or T-Bar anywhere that is convenient on the jobsite.•A Modular GPS receiver, such as the SPSx50 or SPSx51, which incorporates a GPS receiver, power supply, and radio in a single unit. The GPS antenna (and, optionally, the base station radio antenna) is separate from the receiver. Because the GPS antenna is separate, you can use the following optimized components: – a geodetic antenna with large ground plane, to eliminate multipath (the major source of GPS errors) at the base station– a high-gain or directional radio antenna, to increase broadcast range and to provide maximum coverageYou can also place a modular GPS receiver in an easily accessible and secure location, safe from theft and the weather, while the antennas are placed high on a tower or building, clear of obstructions and able to deliver maximum performance.You can use either type of receiver in a permanent, semi-permanent, or daily quick setup configuration. If semi-permanent or permanent operation is required, however, the modular receiver delivers significant advantages.

SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide 31Setup Guidelines 4Base station setup guidelinesFor good performance, observe the following base station setup guidelines:•Place the GPS receiver in a location on the jobsite where equal range in all directions provides full coverage of the site. This is more important on larger jobsites, where the broadcast range of the base station radio may limit the operations of the GPS system.•Place the GPS antenna in a location that has a clear line of sight to the sky in all directions. Do not place the GPS antenna near vertical obstructions such as buildings, deep cuttings, site vehicles, towers, or tree canopy.•Place the GPS and radio antennas as high as practical. This minimizes multipath from the surrounding area, and enables the radio to broadcast to the maximum distance. Note – The GPS antenna must have a clear line of sight to the sky at all times during operation. •Choose the most appropriate radio antenna for the size and footprint of the site. The higher the gain on the antenna, the longer the range. If there is more focus on the transmission signal, there is a reduced coverage area. A 3 db or 5 db gain antenna provides a mix of good range and reasonable directional coverage.•Make sure that the GPS receiver does not lose power. The GPS receiver has an integrated battery, which has to be charged. To operate continuously for more than a day without loss of power at the base station, provide external power. Sources of external power include:–AC power–12 V car or truck battery– Trimble custom external battery pack– Generator power–Solar panelWhen you use an external power supply, the integrated battery provides a backup power supply, enabling you to maintain continuous operation through a mains power failure. When the GPS receiver is connected to a power source greater than 15 V, th e integrated battery is continuously charged from the connected power source. This helps to ensure that the battery stays charged (SPSx50 and SPSx51 only).•Do not locate a GPS receiver, GPS antenna, or radio antenna within 400 meters (about 1,300 feet) of: – a powerful radar, television, or cellular communications tower–another transmitter– another GPS antenna

4 Setup Guidelines32 SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User GuideCell phone towers can interfere with the base station radio broadcast and can stop corrections from reaching the rover receiver. High-power signals from a nearby radio or radar transmitter can overwhelm the receiver circuits. This does not harm the receiver, but can prevent the receiver electronics from functioning correctly.Low-power transmitters, such as those in cell phones and two-way radios, do not interfere with receiver operations. •Do not set up the base station directly beneath or close to overhead power lines or electrical generation facilities. The electromagnetic fields associated with these utilities can interfere with GPS receiver operation. Other sources of electromagnetic interference include:– Gasoline engines (spark plugs)– Televisions and computer monitors– Alternators and generators– Electric motors–Equipment with DC-to-AC converters– Fluorescent lights–Switching power supplies•Place the GPS receivers in a protected and secure location. If the base station is in the center of a jobsite where heavy machinery is operating, place flags around the base station to warn operators of its existence.•If you place the SPSx50 or SPSx51 Modular GPS receiver in a lock box on the jobsite to protect the receiver from theft or from the weather, shield the lock box from direct sunlight and provide ventilation for the receiver through an inlet and extractor fan. A receiver that has a broadcast radio generates significant heat. Do not allow the temperature in the box to exceed 50 ºC (122 ºF). If working in a cold climate, you may need to provide heat to the receiver. Do not operate the receiver below –40 ºC (–40 ºF).•Trimble recommends that, wherever possible, you keep GPS receiver equipment dry. The receivers are designed to withstand wet weather, but keeping them dry prolongs their life and reduces the effects of corrosion on ports and connectors. If the equipment gets wet, use a clean dry cloth to dry the equipment and then leave the equipment open to the air to dry. Do not lock wet equipment in a transport case for prolonged periods. Avoid exposing the GPS receiver to corrosive liquids and salt water wherever possible.

SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide 33Setup Guidelines 4•Trimble recommends that you install lightning protection equipment at permanent base station locations. Equipment should include a gas capsule lightning protector in the GPS and radio antenna feed line and appropriate safety grounding. A static dissipater near the antennas can reduce the likelihood of a direct lightning strike. Also protect any communications and power lines at building entry points. For more information, contact your local Trimble dealer, or go to the Huber and Suhner website (www.hubersuhnerinc.com).•Trimble recommends that you use surge protection equipment on all permanently installed equipment.Rover operation guidelinesThe second part of the RTK GPS system is the rover receiver.The rover receiver is mounted on a pole, vehicle, marine vessel, or in a backpack, and is moved between the points that require measurement or stakeout. The rover receiver is connected to a base station or to a source of RTK corrections such as a Virtual Reference Station (VRS) system. The connection is provided by an integrated radio, a cellular modem in the controller, or through an external cellular phone that is connected to the receiver either by Bluetooth wireless technology or by means of a cable.The correction stream for some other positioning solutions, such as SBAS (WAAS/EGNOS/MSAS) and the OmniSTAR service1, is broadcast through geostationary satellites, and detected by the GPS antenna itself. No integrated radio or base station is required.Rover receiver componentsThe rover receiver has the following components:•GPS receiver•GPS antenna•Optional integrated radio receiver and antenna for RTK operations•Optional items for the different mounting options (see below)In most rover applications, the receiver operates entirely from its own integrated battery unit. On a vehicle or on a marine vessel, however, an external power supply can be used. Use an external power supply if one is provided. The internal battery then acts as a uninterruptible power supply, covering any external power failures.1. OmniSTAR is available only with the SPSx50 and SPSx51 Modular GPS receivers.

4 Setup Guidelines34 SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User GuideChoose a rover receiver according to the needs of the job:•A Smart GPS antenna, such as the SPSx80 or SPSx81, incorporates the GPS receiver, GPS antenna, power supply, and receive radio into a single compact unit. A Smart GPS antenna can be rapidly set up on a pole, vehicle, or backpack. This makes it easy to carry when you are measuring around the jobsite. •A Modular GPS receiver, such as the SPSx50 or SPSx81, incorporates the GPS receiver, receive radio, and power supply into a single unit. The GPS antenna and, optionally, the receive radio antenna, is separate from the receiver. When you use a modular GPS receiver as a rover, you can use optimized components placed in the best locations for your application. For example:– A small, lightweight rover antenna can be mounted on a pole or backpack; placed in a high, inaccessible location on a marine vessel mast or cabin; or placed on a site vehicle roof or truck bed.– A rubber duck radio antenna, or an external radio antenna, can be mounted on a vehicle or vessel roof to provide maximum coverage.A Modular GPS receiver can be placed in a location that is both easily accessible and safe from theft and the weather. The antennas can be placed high on a vehicle or vessel roof, clear of obstructions and able to deliver maximum performance.Rover receiver setup guidelinesFor good rover operation, observe the following setup guidelines:•Place the GPS antenna in a location that has a clear line of sight to the sky in all directions. Do not place the antenna near vertical obstructions such as buildings, deep cuttings, site vehicles, towers, or tree canopy. GPS rovers and the base station receive the same satellite signals from the same satellites. The system needs five common satellites to provide RTK positioning.•Place the GPS and radio antennas as high as possible to minimize multipath from the surrounding area. The receiver must have a clear line of sight to the sky at all times during operation.•GPS satellites are constantly moving. Because you cannot measure at a specific location now does not mean that you will not be able to measure there later, when satellite coverage at the location improves. Use GPS planning software to identify the daily best and worst satellite coverage times for your location and then choose measurement times that coincide with optimal GPS performance. This is especially important when operating in the worst GPS locations. The Trimble Planning software is on the Trimble SPS GPS Receiver CD included with the receiver. You can also download the Trimble Planning software from the Trimble website (www.trimble.com/planningsoftware_ts.asp).

SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide 35Setup Guidelines 4•The SPS850 Extreme/SPS851 Extreme and the SPS880 Extreme/SPS881 Extreme can track the GPS L2C modernization signal. Additionally, these receivers can track the GPS L5 modernization signal and some receivers can also track the GLONASS satellite constellation ( for more information, see GPS satellite signal tracking, page 75). These signals help you to get positions at the worst times of the day and in the worst GPS locations, but do not guarantee that you will.•To get a fixed position solution with centimeter accuracy, initialize the rover receiver. For initialization to take place, the receiver must track at least five satellites that the base station is also tracking. In a dual-satellite constellation operation, for example, GPS and GLONASS, the receiver must track at least six satellites.•To maintain a fixed position solution, the rover must continuously track at least four satellites that the base station is also tracking. In a dual-satellite constellation operation, for example, GPS and GLONASS, the receiver must track at least five satellites.The radio link between the base and rover receivers must also be maintained.•Loss of the satellite signals or loss of the radio link results in a loss of centimeter position accuracy. From Fixed, the receiver changes to Float or Autonomous mode:– In Float mode, the rover has connection to the base station through a radio, but has not yet initialized. – In Autonomous mode, the rover has lost radio contact with the base station receiver, and is working by itself with the available GPS signals.•On a vehicle or marine vessel, place the GPS antenna in a location as free from shock and vibration as possible. For the modular GPS receivers, a single magnetic mount is normally sufficient to hold the antenna in a suitable location, whereas for the larger smart antenna, a triple magnetic mount is normally recommended. Good alternatives include a 5/8" thread bolt in a suitable location on the roof bars, or a door-mounted pole bracket.CCAUTION – The SPS880 Extreme and SPS881 Extreme are not suited to on-vehicle operation where it will be subject to heavy vibration, that is, operation in rough ungraded terrain. Use in these conditions can damage the receiver.•To mount the modular GPS receiver on a pole, use two pole mounting brackets and a second tripod clip (P/N 571 204 300). See Figure 4.1.

4 Setup Guidelines36 SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User GuideFigure 4.1 Rod mount for a modular GPS receiverTo mount the modular GPS receiver on a marine vessel, use the receiver bracket (P/N 56830-00). For marine moving base and heading applications, use the receiver bracket to mount two receivers together.•Make sure that the rover receiver does not lose power. An SPSx50 or SPSx51 is typically powered by its internal battery. You cannot change the battery, but the charge typically lasts for longer than a working day. The batteries in the SPSx80 or SPSx81 can be changed when flat. (See Chapter 3, Batteries and Power). If you do not use the rover receiver very often, ensure that it is charged at least every three months. For vehicle operation or marine vessel operation, Trimble recommends that you use an external power source so that the internal battery can be saved for times when the receiver is being used off the vehicle or vessel. •Do not locate the receiver or antenna within 400 meters (about 1,300 ft) of powerful radar, television, cellular communications tower, or other transmitters or GPS antennas. Low-power transmitters, such as those in cellular phones and two-way radios, normally do not interfere with receiver operations. Cellular towers can interfere with the radio and can interfere with GPS signals entering the receiver. This does not harm the receiver, but it can prevent the receiver electronics from functioning correctly.•Do not use the rover receiver directly beneath or close to overhead power lines or electrical generation facilities. The electromagnetic fields associated with these utilities can interfere with GPS receiver operation. Other sources of electromagnetic interference include:

SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide 37Setup Guidelines 4– gasoline engines (spark plugs)– televisions and computer monitors– alternators and generators– electric motors–equipment with DC-to-AC converters– fluorescent lights– switching power supplies•Trimble recommends that, wherever possible, all GPS receiver equipment is protected from rain or water. Although, the receivers are designed to withstand all wet weather conditions, keeping the receivers dry prolongs the life of the equipment and reduces the effects of corrosion on ports and connectors. If the equipment gets wet, use a clean dry cloth to dry the equipment and then leave the equipment open to the air to dry. Do not lock wet equipment in a transport case for prolonged periods. Wherever possible, avoid exposing the GPS receiver to corrosive liquids and salt water.•If you are using the rover receiver in open spaces, Trimble recommends that you stop work during electrical storms where the risk of lightning strike is high.•Where cables are involved, Trimble recommends that you use cable ties to secure the cables to the rod or other equipment to avoid inadvertent snagging while moving about the jobsite. Be careful not to kink, twist, or unnecessarily extend cables, and avoid trapping them in vehicle doors or windows. Damage to cables can reduce the performance of GPS equipment.Internal radio setup for rover operationsThe internal radio of the SPS GPS receiver is delivered with the transmit (Tx) radio frequencies preprogrammed into the receiver. To add receive (Rx) radio frequencies to 450 MHz radios, use the WinFlash utility (see Appendix C, Adding Internal Radio Frequencies). Radio frequences cannot be added to the 900 MHz radios.Once the radio frequencies are configured, use the controller or receiver to select channel frequencies during base station or rover setup operations.Cellular modem and external radioInstead of the internal radio, you can use a cellular modem or an external radio as your data communications link. To connect a cellular modem to a Smart GPS antenna, you need the following:•Smart GPS antenna•One of the following:– TSC2 controller with CompactFlash card cellular modem, for example, a Audiovox modem card

4 Setup Guidelines38 SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide– Cellular modem or a cellular phone that can transmit data•Serial (cell phone to DB9) cable (supplied with the cellular modem or phone).•Port 2 of the Smart GPS antenna supports full RS-232 protocol, and should function properly with most cell phone cables. Some cellular units may require custom cabling.Alternatively, the receiver also supports a cable-free Bluetooth connection with Bluetooth-enabled cell phones. For more information on using a cellular modem as a data link, refer to the SCS900 Site Controller Software Getting Started Guide and SCS900 Site Controller Software Office Guide.

CHAPTER5SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide 39Setting up the Receiver 5In this chapter:QConnecting the receiver to external devicesQCommon ways to set up a base stationQCommon ways to set up a rover receiverIn this chapter, recommendations for setting up the receiver as a base station or for rover operations are provided. The recommendations cover a variety of common use scenarios. Note – This chapter provides setup information for all the receivers in the SPS GPS receiver family.

5 Setting up the Receiver40 SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User GuideConnecting the receiver to external devicesYou can connect a Smart GPS antenna to the following devices:•a Trimble controller running the Trimble SCS900 Site Controller software•an external radio-modemTrimble controller with SCS900 Site Controller softwareYou can operate an SPS GPS receiver with any Trimble controller, for example, a TSC2 or TCU controller, that is running the SCS900 software. Typically, the receiver and the controller operate from their own individual power sources. The receiver and controller can communicate through Bluetooth wireless technology and can be connected without a cable. However, if a cable is required, Table 5.1 shows how to connect the cables for each combination of SPS GPS receiver and Trimble controller.Table 5.1 Connecting to a Trimble controller running the SCS900 Site Controller software To c on ne c t a … Use cable part number … Use this cable connector … and connect the cable to …SPSx50 or SPSx51 Modular GPS receiver to a …TSC2 59046 DB9 TSC2Lemo SPSx50 or SPSx5159043 DB9 TSC2DB9 SPSx50 or SPSx51TCU 53004007 6-pin Hirose TCULemo SPSx50 or SPSx5153002007 6-pin Hirose TCUDB9 SPSx50 or SPSx51TSCe™ 31288-xx11This cable is available in different lengths. The -xx indicates the length of the cable, in meters.Lemo TSCeLemo SPSx50 or SPSx51ACU 44147 4-pin Hirose ACULemo SPSx50 or SPSx51SPSx80 or SPSx81 Smart GPS antenna to a …TSC2 59046 DB9 TSC2Lemo (Port 1) SPSx80 or SPSx8159043 DB9 TSC2DB9 SPSx80 or SPSx81TCU 53004007 6-pin Hirose TCULemo (Port 1) SPSx80 or SPSx8153002007 6-pin Hirose TCUDB-9 SPSx80 or SPSx81TSCe 31288-xx1Lemo TSCeLemo (Port 1) SPSx80 or SPSx81ACU 44147 4-pin Hirose ACULemo SPSx80 or SPSx81

SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide 41Setting up the Receiver 5External radio-modemsThe most common data link for Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) operation is a radio. The Smart GPS antenna is available with the following internal radios:•410 – 430 MHz (Tx/Rx, Rx only, or Tx only)•430 – 450 MHz (Tx/Rx, Rx only, or Tx only)•450 – 470 MHz (Tx/Rx, Rx only, or Tx only)•900 MHz (Rx only)Note – “Tx” indicates that the radio transmits corrections. “Rx” indicates that the receiver receives corrections. “Tx/Rx” indicates that the radio both transmits and receives corrections.If the Smart GPS antenna does not have an internal transmit radio, or you want to connect to a higher powered external transmit radio or cellular modem, use the DB9 port, the Lemo port, or Bluetooth wireless technology. The SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS antennas support the following Trimble base radios:•SiteNet™ 450•TRIMMARK 3•TRIMTALK™ 450•Trimble SNB900•Trimble PDL450•Trimble HPB450The Smart GPS antenna also supports third-party transparent radios and third-party cellular modems.To use an external radio with the Smart GPS antenna, you need an external power source for the radio—except for the SNB900 radio, which contains an internal battery. To configure the radio modem separately, use the external radio’s configuration program, or display and keypad.Common ways to set up a base stationYou can set up a base station in different ways depending on the application, coverage area, degree of permanence versus mobility, and available infrastructure. Before you set up a base station, please read Chapter 4, Setup Guideliness.Setting up a base station for permanent or semi-permanent installationFor construction applications, where machine and site positioning operations using GPS will be carried out over a long time (weeks, months, or years), ensure that you choose the base station location carefully.

5 Setting up the Receiver42 SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User GuideA semi-permanent or permanent base station helps to eliminate the types of error that can result from repeated daily setups, and ensures that you always use the GPS antenna at the exact original location. The requirement for a permanent base station setup increases as more receivers that use the base station as a source of corrections, increases the cost of any base station downtime. On the largest jobsites, and on those that remain operational for the longest time, a permanent or semi-permanent installation is a popular solution. A modular GPS receiver is typically used as the base station, located in a site office or trailer where it is easy to access (to check or configure), and where it is secure from theft and the weather. The GPS and radio antennas are normally mounted on a permanent structure on the roof of the building, where they are high and clear from obstructions and where the radio antenna can provide the maximum range of operation. Trimble recommends that you use the Trimble Zephyr Geodetic™ Model 2 GPS antenna. This antenna has a large ground plane that reduces multipath, providing the best GPS performance at the base location. The antennas are connected to the receiver by high quality RF cables.The receiver is connected to a permanent power supply (mains or generator power). The internal battery of the receiver is always being charged, and acts as an uninterruptible power supply if there is a power failure. In some cases, the receiver may also be connected by an Ethernet cable to the Internet, so that it can be monitored and configured from a remote location, and can warn an administrator by e-mail or text message if there is a change to the configuration or status. In these situations, the receiver can transmit GPS RTK corrections to a remote radio or receiver over the Internet, for rebroadcast requirements, without using repeaters.

SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide 43Setting up the Receiver 5 Figure 5.1 SPSx50 receiver permanent installationSetting up a base station for daily site use: T-BarFor construction applications where a daily setup and takedown of equipment is required for security reasons, Trimble recommends that you use a T-Bar setup. The T-Bar consists of a post mounted in concrete (so it cannot move), which has a solid metal T-Bar mounted to it to provide lateral and vertical separation between the GPS antenna and radio antenna. The T piece of the T-Bar has a vertical rod at each end. Each end terminates in a 5/8"×11 thread to which the antennas can be mounted. Trimble recommends that one end is clearly marked GPS and the other end is clearly marked Radio so that at each daily setup, the GPS and radio antennas are mounted at the same location. Switching antennas by mistake introduces a position error in all resulting measurements. You can buy the parts you need to make a T-Bar from any reputable hardware store. Make certain that the T-Bar cannot rotate after construction. Rotation of the T-Bar can introduce a position error into all subsequent measurements.On the upright post, mount either a bracket (to which the GPS receiver can be mounted), or a well-ventilated lockbox (in which the GPS receiver itself can be secured).

5 Setting up the Receiver44 SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User GuideEach day, mount the GPS antenna on the GPS end of the T-Bar and the radio antenna on the Radio end of the T-Bar. Connect the antennas to the receiver using the appropriate cables.The receiver uses its own integrated battery, or an external 12 V battery through the 12 V crocodile clips cable that are provided with the receiver. If you choose to use AC power, remember that the heat generated by the charging process and the radio transmitter increases the need for good ventilation around the receiver.In such scenarios, an SPSx80 Smart GPS antenna is also often used. Simply mount the SPSx80 on the T-Bar, and optionally connect to an external battery or radio unit.AdvantagesUse of a T-Bar setup ensures that the base station is set up with exactly the same position and height every day. This helps eliminate the errors typically associated with daily tripod setup. For example, wrong antenna height, base not set up over the point, base set up in the wrong location.Figure 5.2 System set up on a T-bar showing an external radio antenna to gain longer rangeSetting up a mobile base station: Tripod and fixed height tripodIf you are repeatedly moving between jobsites, or if you are visiting a jobsite for the first time before a T-Bar or similar setup can be established, Trimble recommends that you use either a tripod and tribrach setup, or a fixed height tripod.The fixed height tripod is quicker and easier to set up over a control point. It allows you to re-establish the antenna height exactly so the receiver can be set up faster without using the SCS900 software or without needing to enter a revised antenna height in the GPSRadio

SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide 45Setting up the Receiver 5receiver front panel. Take great care to ensure that the GPS antenna is set up accurately over the control point, and that the GPS antenna height is measured accurately, in the right way (vertical or slope height) to the right location on the antenna (base of antenna or to a specified location on the antenna). When you start the rover receiver, it is extremely important to check in, at one or more known locations, to check for possible position or height errors. Checking in at a known location is good practice and can avoid costly errors caused by a bad setup.Typically, the tripod and fixed height tripod methods do not give significant height clearance above the ground, and can reduce the range of operation caused by radio limitations.Tripod and tribrach setupIn the tripod setup, the tripod is located over the control point, and the tribrach and tribrach adaptor is mounted on the tripod and centered over the point. 1. Mount the GPS antenna on the tribrach adaptor. – If you are using a Smart GPS antenna, use the 25 cm spacer rod provided with the Base Station Accessory kit. This allows the radio antenna in the receiver to clear the head of the tripod. 2. Clip the GPS receiver to the tripod (Modular GPS receiver only).3. Connect the GPS antenna to the receiver using the appropriate cable (Modular GPS receiver only). 4. If necessary, connect the GPS receiver to an external 12 V power supply. Use the crocodile clip cable or the Trimble custom power pack.

5 Setting up the Receiver46 SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User GuideFigure 5.3 Tripod and tribrach setupFixed height tripod setupA fixed height tripod setup is similar to a tripod setup, but is simplified by the central leg of the tripod, that is placed directly on the control point. If the central leg is leveled accurately, the fixed height tripod is quick and easy to set up, and provides an accurate way to measure the true antenna height.1. Set up the tripod over the control point.2. Attach the GPS antenna to the head of the tripod.3. If using an external high-gain radio antenna, mount the radio antenna to the radio antenna bracket that is attached to the head of the tripod (beneath the GPS antenna). See Figure 5.4.4. If using the SPSx50 or SPSx51 Modular GPS receiver , hook the receiver to the center leg of the tripod, using the tripod clip. 5. If using the SPSx80 or SPSx81 Smart GPS antenna, you can mount the antenna using the 25 cm spacer rod (supplied with the SPSx80 or SPSx81 Base Station Accessory kit) so that the radio antenna clears the head of the tripod.SPSx80 with an internal 450 MHz TX radioSPSx50 with an external high-gain antennaSPSx50 with a low-gain “rubber duck” antenna

SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide 47Setting up the Receiver 5 Figure 5.4 Fixed height tripod setupCommon ways to set up a rover receiverYou can set up a rover receiver in different ways depending on the application. The components that make up a rover receiver are:•GPS receiver•GPS antenna•controller/computer•rod mounting equipment, including a rod, receiver bracket, and controller bracket•vehicle mounting equipment, including a suction cup and ball joint, extension arm, controller bracket, magnetic antenna mount, and necessary cables.•backpack equipment, including backpack and antenna-mounting rod•marine vessel mounting equipment, including receiver bracket, cables, antenna, and radio antenna brackets.SPSx80 with an internal 450 MHz TX radio on a fixed height tripodSPSx50 with an external high-gain radio antennaSPSx50 with a low-gain “rubber duck” antennaRadio antenna bracket

5 Setting up the Receiver48 SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User GuideSetting up the rover receiver on a jobsite vehicleCCAUTION – This following rover setup is suited only to offroad (jobsite) vehicle use. Do not use this method on a vehicle that is driven at speed or in traffic.1. Do one of the following, depending on your receiver:– SPSx50 or SPSx51: Mount the GPS antenna for the receiver on the roof of the vehicle. Use a single magnetic mount or a 5/8"×11 thread bolt attached to the roof bars. Run the GPS antenna cable for the receiver into the vehicle either through a rubber grommet in the roof, or through the passenger door window, which needs to be left slightly open during operation.– SPSx80 or SPSx81: Mount the Smart GPS antenna on the roof of the vehicle. Use a triple magnetic mount or a 5/8"×11 thread bolt attached to the roof bars.2. Place and secure the GPS receiver in a convenient location in the vehicle.The GPS receiver can be controlled through the controller connected using Bluetooth wireless technology.If the receiver is not connected to vehicle power, then the receiver needs to be accessed only to turn it on at the start of each measurement session. It may be more convenient if the SPSx50 or SPSx51 is placed in a location where the vehicle operator can see the keypad and display, to monitor receiver status and to configure settings as required. Most receiver capability can be controlled using the SCS900 Site Controller software.3. Attach the suction cup to the front windscreen, dashboard, or other convenient location in the vehicle, making sure that it does not obstruct the driver’s view. 4. Attach the RAM extension arm to the suction cup, and the controller bracket to the RAM extension arm. 5. Lock the controller into the controller bracket and then adjust the bracket until the controller is in the most convenient location. Make sure that the controller does not restrict visibility through the front windscreen during vehicle use.6. Lock the brackets so that the controller is held securely. If required, connect either the GPS receiver or the controller to an in-vehicle power supply as needed.

SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide 49Setting up the Receiver 5Figure 5.5 Configuring an SPSx50 from the cab. A Zephyr Model 2 antenna is mounted on the roof.Setting up the rover receiver on a rodFor rod-based operation, mount the SPSx50 or SPSx51 Modular GPS receiver as follows: 1. Mount the two rod brackets on the rod.2. Tighten the top bracket, making sure that it is at a convenient height for the receiver.3. Place the receiver in the slot in the rod bracket, and secure with the tripod clip.4. Move the lower rod bracket down until it is over the second tripod clip on the receiver and then tighten the rod bracket onto the rod. The receiver is held in place between the two brackets.5. Insert the controller into the controller bracket as shown opposite.6. Use the 5/8" thread to attach the GPS antenna to the top of the rod. 7. Use the GPS antenna cable to connect GPS antenna to the receiver.

5 Setting up the Receiver50 SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User GuideFor rod-based operation, mount the SPSx80 or SPSx81 Smart GPS antenna as follows:1. Mount the receiver on the top of the rod using the 5/8"×11 thread in the base of the SPSx80 or SPSx81.2. Insert the controller into the controller bracket.3. The SPSx80 or SPSx81 and controller communicates through Bluetooth wireless technology. However, if a cable is required, connect the cable between the controller and receiver (see Figure 5.6 through Figure 5.7).Figure 5.6 Connections for a rover SPSx81 setup, a TSC2 or TCU controller, and a 450 MHz base stationFigure 5.7 Cabled connections for an SPSx81 setup, a TSC2 or TCU controller, and a 900 MHz base station (with external power)Cabled connections Bluetooth connectionsP/N 53002007P/N 59046P/N 53002007P/N 59046P/N 59049-02P/N 46125-20P/N70012-00

SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide 51Setting up the Receiver 5Setting up a rover receiver on a belt or in a backpackIf you prefer to work free of the weight of the receiver on a pole, you can mount the rover receiver on a belt (SPSx50 or SPSx51 only) or carry it in/on a backpack (all receivers). When you wear the receiver on a belt, ensure that the display is always visible so that you can easily check the status of the receiver. If you carry the receiver in a backpack, use an external radio antenna mount to allow for optimal radio signal reception. If you use a low gain antenna mounted directly on the receiver in a backpack, it may affect the radio signal reception and reduce the likelihood of obtaining an RTK Fixed solution.

5 Setting up the Receiver52 SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide

CHAPTER6SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 53Configuring the Receiver Settings 6In this chapter:QUsing the SCS900 Site Controller software to configure the base station, the rover, and the radiosQConfiguring the receiver to log data for postprocessingQConfiguring the receiver in real timeQConfiguring the receiver using application filesQCreating and editing the configuration files that control the receiverYou can configure the Smart GPS antennas in a variety of ways. This chapter describes the different configuration methods, and explains when and why each method is used.The Smart GPS antenna has no controls for changing settings. To configure these receivers:•In real time, use external software such as the HYDROpro™ software, or the GPS Configurator or WinFlash utility. •In an application file, use the Configuration Toolbox utility.The SCS900 Site Controller software is likely to be your main tool to set up and operate the receiver on a daily basis. All necessary field configurations are handled through the SCS900 software running on a TSC2 or TCU controller. For more information, refer to the Trimble SCS900 Site Controller Software Getting Started Guide or the Trimble SCS900 Site Controller Software Office Guide.The external software detailed in this chapter is primarily used to update the receiver firmware and to configure upgrades or radio channels.

6 Configuring the Receiver Settings54 SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User GuideUsing the SCS900 Site Controller software to configure the base station, the rover, and the radiosAs part of a total system solution for construction applications, the SPS GPS receivers are operated by a TSCe, ACU, TCU, or TSC2 controller running the SCS900 Site Controller software. The SCS900 Site Controller software provides the tools to configure and start the GPS receiver in the modes used by the SCS900 system: RTK Base Station, RTK Rover, DGPS Rover, OmniSTAR rover, SBAS Rover (using WAAS/EGNOS/MSAS). Wizards help you through the process and, where possible, assign suitable default operational parameters to the system. This eliminates the need for an operator to know how to configure the receiver with the right settings.The SCS900 Site Controller software manages:•the radio, whether internal or external•all cellular communications components, such as modems and cell phones•the use of the Bluetooth wireless technologyThe software also scans communication ports on the receiver to identify connected devices. If the software cannot automatically identify the connected component, for example, a GPS antenna, it offers options (often with graphics) to help you manually select the correct component.The SCS900 Site Controller software allows you to set operational tolerances and settings (such as those shown below), which must be achieved before measurements can be accepted. When outside of these tolerances, the SCS900 Site Controller software warns you through on-screen messages or indications, and the non-automatic acceptance of recorded positions. To set operational tolerances, go to the Settings menu in the SCS900 Site Controller software.Example 2: Use the Sky Plot screen toExample 1: From the Sky Plot screen, press Ctrl+M to open this screen and change the anglebelow which the receiver will not track satellitesset if the receiver will track GLONASS satellites

SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 55Configuring the Receiver Settings 6Configuring the receiver to log data for postprocessingThe receivers do not come equipped with the Data Logging option. The receivers can have this added either at the time of purchase, or at a later date as an option. With the Data Logging option enabled, the receiver has available memory that facilitates the collection of GPS observations over a period of time, and that can be used with GPS postprocessing software such as the Trimble Geomatics Office™ for the computation of control networks and baselines.Note – The SCS900 system does not support postprocessed applications. Trimble recommends that you use the front panel keypad and display, or the Web User Interface (SPSx50 and SPSx51 only) , or the GPS Configurator software (SPSx80 and SPSx81 only) to configure the receiver for postprocessed measurement sessions. Configuring the receiver in real timeThe SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS antennas can be configured in real time by the GPS Configurator software. When you configure the receiver in real time, you use the software to specify which settings you want to change. When you apply the changes, the receiver settings change immediately.Any changes that you apply to the receiver are reflected in the current application file, which is always present in the receiver. The current application file always records the most recent configuration, so if you apply further changes (either in real time or using an application file) the current file is updated and there is no record of the changes that you applied originally.Configuring the receiver using application files An application file contains information for configuring a receiver. To configure a receiver using an application file, you need to create the application file, transfer it to the receiver and then apply the file’s settings. The GPS Configurator software does this automatically when you work with configuration files.OverviewAn application file is organized into records. Each record stores configuration information for a particular area of receiver operation. Application files can include the following records:•File Storage•General Controls•Serial Port Baud Rate/Format•Reference Position

6 Configuring the Receiver Settings56 SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide•Logging Rate•SV Enable/Disable•Output Message•Antenna•Device Control•Static/Kinematic•Input MessageAn application file does not have to contain all of these records. When you apply an application file, any option that is not included in the records in the file remains at its current setting. For example, if you apply an application file that only specifies the elevation mask to use, all other settings remain as they were before the application file was applied.You can store up to twenty different application files in the receiver. You can apply an application file’s settings at the time it is transferred to the receiver, or at any time afterwards.Special application filesThe receiver has three special application files, which control important aspects of the receiver’s configuration.Default application fileThe default application file (Default.cfg) contains the original receiver configuration, and cannot be changed. This file configures the receiver after it is reset. You can reset the receiver by pressing E for at least 15 seconds, or by using the reset option in the GPS Configurator software.For more information, see Chapter 8, Default Settings.Although you cannot change or delete the default application file, you can use a power up application file to override any or all of the default settings.Current application fileThe current application file (Current.cfg) reflects the current receiver configuration. Whenever you change the receiver’s configuration, either in real time or by applying an application file, the current file changes to match the new configuration.You cannot delete the current file or change it directly, but every change to the receiver’s current configuration is applied to the current file as well.When you switch off the receiver then turn it on again, all the settings from the current application file are applied, so you do not lose any changes that you have made. The only exceptions are the following logging parameters:•Logging rate

SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 57Configuring the Receiver Settings 6•Position rate•Elevation maskThese parameters are always reset to the factory default values whenever the receiver is switched off.Power Up application fileThe power up application file (Power_up.cfg) is used to set the receiver to a specific configuration any time the unit is powered up. In this file, you can specify that the receiver is reset to defaults before the power up settings are applied. This ensures that restarting the receiver always resets it to factory defaults prior to applying the power up application file.Alternatively, you can specify that the power up settings are applied immediately after the current application file’s settings have been applied. Restarting the receiver results in a configuration that uses your default settings for the options you define in the power up file, but the current settings for all other options.By default, there is no power_up application file on the receiver. To use a power up application file, you must create and save a power_up application file in the GPS Configurator software. If you save this file to disk, the file is called power_up.cfg. The extension .cfg is used, by convention, to identify application files on the office computer. When you transfer this file to the receiver, the file is saved on the receiver as power_up, and becomes the new power up file.Applying application filesAn application file’s settings do not affect the receiver’s configuration until you apply the application file. You can do this at the same time that you save the file. Alternatively, you can save the file on the computer or in the receiver, then open it later and apply its settings.Storing application filesYou can store application files that you create in the GPS Configurator software on the receiver and on the computer. For example, each file can represent a different user sharing the same receiver, or a particular mode of operation. Saving application files on your computer as well as in your receiver is optional, but it is useful because:•it gives you a permanent copy of the settings you have sent to a receiver, for audit or your own reference.•you can use the same file to configure multiple receivers identically.•you can use an existing application file as a template to create other application files with similar settings.

6 Configuring the Receiver Settings58 SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User GuideNaming application filesThe application filename in the office computer and in the receiver are always the same. This makes it easier to recognize and keep track of your application files. When you change the name of the application file in the receiver, this changes the application filename on your computer. When you transfer an application file from the receiver and save it to the computer, the system renames the file to match the internal receiver file. However, if you use Windows Explorer, for example, to change the .cfg filename on the computer, this does not change the internal receiver filename. This means that the GPS receiver does not recognize the change to the filename on the computer. Creating and editing the configuration files that control the receiverThe Configuration Toolbox software enables you to create and edit GPS receiver configuration files. The settings in these files control the operation of the GPS receiver. The GPS receiver configuration file can then be copied and sent to the receiver.You can also create a file, called an application file or appfile, (*.cfg), which contains all the receiver settings necessary for a particular job or application. Application files can be stored on both the receiver and computer. Multiple files can be maintained to represent multiple users sharing a device and/or multiple modes of operation. You can also save files to audit the operating settings of a receiver.For applications requiring real-time positions in any coordinate system other than WGS-84, you need the Configuration Toolbox software to define and transfer the necessary coordinate system and transformation parameters.A maximum of ten files can be stored in the receiver. This includes the files default.cfg and current.cfg, which always reside in the receiver.Note – If you use the SCS900 Site Controller software in the field, you do not need to use the Configuration Toolbox software to set up the transformation parameters. This is done through the Site Calibration process in the SCS900 software.Installing the Configuration Toolbox softwareYou can install the Configuration Toolbox software from the Trimble SPS GPS Receiver CD that is shipped with your receiver, or download it from the Trimble website.The Configuration Toolbox software requires one serial port dedicated to receiver communications. Installing new versions of the Configuration Toolbox software updates the Coordinate System Library. If you have calibrated sites stored on your computer, save them as receiver configuration files. This ensures that the coordinate system information for particular sites are not overwritten.

$SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User Guide 59Configuring the Receiver Settings 6Installing new versions of the Configuration Toolbox software into a directory containing a previous version overwrites the older program and data files. By default, application files located in the root installation folder, C:\TOOLBOX, are moved to the APPFILE\ subfolder.The installation program creates the subfolders shown in Table 6.1 within the installation folder.Configuring the receiver using the Configuration Toolbox software1. Select Start / Programs / Trimble / Configuration Toolbox.2. Select File / New / Construction / SPS78x or SPS88x.3. Make the appropriate selections for your receiver settings. For more information, see the Help and the Configuration Toolbox User Guide.4. To save the application file, select File / Save As.Make sure that you specify the same 8-character file name when you save the file both in the computer and on the receiver, as shown in the Configuration File dialog:Table 6.1 Subfolders within the installation folderSubfolder Descriptionbin\ Contains the Configuration Toolbox executable file (ctoolbox.exe) and dynamic link libraries (*.dll).appfiles\ This is the preferred directory for storing application files. Existing application files from earlier versions of Configuration Toolbox are moved here during the installation.cseditor\ Contains the Coordinate System Editor executable file (cseditor.exe), dynamic link libraries (*.dll), and help files.geolib\ Contains the geodetic database files used by the Configuration Toolbox software and the Coordinate System Editor software.$

6 Configuring the Receiver Settings60 SPSx50 Modular GPS Receiver User GuideTransmitting the application file to the receiver1. Connect the data/power cable (P/N 32345 or 59044 (RoHS compliant)) to the receiver and the computer.2. Connect the O-shell Lemo connector to the receiver port.3. Connect the female DB9 connector to the computer.4. Connect the power leads of the data/power cable to the power supply.5. To open the application file you require, select File / Open.6. With the file open and the Configuration File dialog open, select Communications / Transmit File.A message appears when the application file is successfully transmitted. If an error occurs, select Communications / Transmit File again. This overrides any incompatibility in baud rates and enables successful communication.To check the successful transmission, close the Configuration File dialog and then select Communications / Get File. A list of all application files in the receiver appears. If you clicked Apply Immediately in the application file, the new file will be the current file.To change files, select the required file from the list and then select Communications / Activate File.

CHAPTER7SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide 61AutoBase Feature 7In this chapter:QSetting Up a Base StationQBest practiceQAntenna typeQScenariosQScenario One: Base station setup on first visit to a siteQScenario Two: Base station setup on a repeat visit to that siteQScenario Three: The stored base station position seems to be missingQAutoBase processThe Trimble SPS781, SPS880 Extreme, and SPS881 Extreme Smart GPS antennas feature AutoBase™ technology, which provides the following advantages: •Reduced risk of a setup that uses incorrect base station coordinates. •Reduced daily setup times for a mobile base station. When you use an SPS781, SPS880 Extreme, or SPS881 Extreme Smart GPS antenna as a base station receiver, you do not need to reconfigure the receiver at the start of each day. The AutoBase feature is a function of the version 3.x receiver firmware, which supports both GPS modernization (L2C and L5 signals) and GLONASS signals. You cannot turn off the AutoBase warning feature. Note – With the SPS781, SPS880 Extreme, or SPS881 Extreme Smart GPS antenna, always start a base station setup by using the SCS900 Site Controller software to initialize the SPS880 Extreme Smart GPS antenna on a new point. See page 62.Please read this chapter even if you have used the AutoBase feature in other Trimble receivers. New functions now provide even greater benefits.

7 AutoBase Feature62 SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User GuideSetting Up a Base StationThe AutoBase feature influences how you set up an SPS781, SPS880 Extreme, or SPS881 Extreme Smart GPS antenna as a base station. Before the receiver can transmit RTK corrections (that is, operate as an RTK base station), the current position of the receiver must correspond to a previous base station position. The base station position—latitude, longitude, and height—must be part of the GPS site calibration. Note – There is no need to configure the base station receiver settings manually.1. To perform the first base station setup at a new location, always use the SCS900 Site Controller software to initialize the SPS781, SPS880 Extreme, or SPS881 Extreme Smart GPS antenna on a new point. You generally do this only once, the first time that you occupy the point, but see the Caution below. When the base station setup is complete, the receiver generates and stores an application file that contains the parameters for that location. CCAUTION – When you perform a future base station setup at the same location, the receiver assumes that there has been no change to either the antenna height or the antenna height measurement method used previously. It is therefore essential that you keep the antenna height constant between setups. If there is any risk that the antenna height might have changed, you must use the SCS900 Site Controller software to start (and so reset) the SPS781, SPS880 Extreme, or SPS881 Extreme Smart GPS antenna. From the SCS900 Site Controller software, select Start Base Station.2. To perform a future base station setup at the same location, simply press the Power key on the receiver. The receiver turns on, determines its location, finds the appropriate application file, initializes the settings, and starts to broadcast RTK CMR+ corrections through the internal radio or through the external radio (whichever radio was used the previous time).If the receiver uses an external radio, such as an SNB900 radio, the AutoBase feature raises the Bluetooth® wireless connection to the radio. If a Bluetooth connection is not used, the AutoBase feature searches the receiver communications ports for the external radio. When the receiver finds the external radio, the receiver transmits RTK CMR+ corrections to the radio. Best practiceAfter each new base station setup, and at the start of every measurement session, Trimble recommends that you measure one known point to verify that the position and height errors are within tolerance. The measurement takes only a few seconds, but can eliminate the gross errors typically associated with daily base station setup.

SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide 63AutoBase Feature 7Antenna typeThe selected antenna type determines which options are available for determining the antenna height. The AutoBase feature uses an antenna type of “R8 Model 2/SPS880 Internal.” ScenariosThese scenarios describe what you may experience when using AutoBase technology.Note – The AutoBase Warning feature is always turned on in an SPS781, SPS880 Extreme, or SPS881 Extreme Smart GPS antenna.Scenario One: Base station setup on first visit to a site•You set up the base station receiver on a point that you have not previously used as a base station with that receiver.1. The receiver is powered on.2. The receiver begins tracking satellites.3. The receiver determines the current position.4. The receiver reviews the base positions stored in the receiver.5. The receiver does not find any base station that corresponds to the current position.6. The receiver will not begin transmitting RTK corrections and the radio LED will not flash.No RTK corrections will be streamed until the base station is set up using the SCS900 Site Controller software.Scenario Two: Base station setup on a repeat visit to that site •You set up the base station receiver on a point that you have previously used as a base station with that receiver.1. The receiver is powered on.2. The receiver begins tracking satellites.3. The receiver determines the current position.4. The receiver reviews the base station positions stored in the receiver.5. The receiver finds a base station position that corresponds to the current position. A base station position is found, so the AutoBase warning is not displayed.6. The receiver loads the previous base information.

7 AutoBase Feature64 SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User GuideCCAUTION – If there are two or more base positions within a 50 meter radius of your current position, the receiver will make the most recently created base position file active.7. The antenna type, antenna height, and measurement method used in the previous setup of this base station are applied.CCAUTION – When you perform a future setup at the same location, the receiver assumes that there has been no change to either the antenna height or the antenna height measurement method used previously. It is therefore essential that you keep the antenna height constant between setups. If there is any risk that the antenna height might have changed, you must use the SCS900 Site Controller software to start (and so reset) the SPS781, SPS880 Extreme, or SPS881 Extreme Smart GPS antenna. From the SCS900 Site Controller software, select Start Base Station.8. The receiver begins generating RTK CMR+ corrections.9. The RTK corrections begin streaming on the radio or port defined in the previous setup of this base station.Scenario Three: The stored base station position seems to be missing•You set up the base station receiver on a point that you have previously used as a base station, as in Scenario Two. But for some reason, the stored base station position is not found in the receiver. Someone has inadvertently deleted the data, or perhaps a different receiver (for example, the other receiver in a pair) was used on the previous occasion.1. The base station receiver is set up on a point that you have previously used as a base station.2. The receiver is powered on.3. The receiver begins tracking satellites.4. The receiver determines the current position.5. The receiver reviews the base station positions stored in the receiver.6. The receiver does not find any base station that corresponds to the current position.7. The receiver will not begin transmitting RTK corrections and the radio LED will not flash.No RTK corrections will be streamed until you do one of the following things:•Use the SCS900 Site Controller software to set up the base station.•Change to the receiver that was previously used as the base station at this location.

SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide 65AutoBase Feature 7AutoBase processFigure 7.1 AutoBase flowchartUse SCS900 to reset and restart the receiverNoAutoBase warning is displayedChange to the receiver that was previously used as the base station at this locationPower on receiverReceiver looks for application filesDo application files exist?NoYe sAnyapplication file that corresponds with the current position?NoYe sYe sMake most recent created application activeMakecorresponding applicationfile activeIs there more than one acceptable application file?or

7 AutoBase Feature66 SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide

CHAPTER8SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide 67Default Settings 8In this chapter:QDefault receiver settingsQResetting the receiver to factory defaultsQDefault behaviorQPower up settingsQLogging dataAll Smart GPS antenna settings are stored in application files. The default application file, Default.cfg, is stored permanently in the receiver, and contains the factory default settings for the Smart GPS antenna. Whenever the receiver is reset to its factory defaults, the current settings (stored in the current application file, Current.cfg) are reset to the values in the default application file.You cannot modify the default application file. However, you can create a power-up application file so that the settings in this file can be applied immediately after the default application file, overriding the factory defaults. For more information, see Configuring the receiver using application files, page 55.

8 Default Settings68 SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User GuideDefault receiver settingsThese settings are defined in the default application file. Resetting the receiver to factory defaultsTo reset the receiver to its factory defaults, do one of the following:•On the receiver, press E for 15 seconds.•In the GPS Configurator software, select Connect to Receiver and then click Reset receiver in the General tab.•In the Configuration Toolbox software, select the General tab and then click Reset Receiver.Note – For more information on the GPS Configurator and Configuration Toolbox software which are supplied on the Trimble SPS GPS Receiver CD , see Chapter 6, Configuring the Receiver Settings.Function Factory defaultSV Enable All SVs enabledGeneral Controls: Elevation mask 10°PDOP mask 7RTK positioning mode Low LatencyMotion KinematicSerial Port 1: Baud rate 38,400Format 8-None-1Flow control NoneSerial Port 2: Baud rate 38,400Format 8-None-1Flow control NoneInput Setup: Station AnyNMEA/ASCII (all supported messages) All ports OffStreamed output All Types OffOffset = 00RT17/Binary All ports OffReference position: Latitude 0°Longitude 0°Altitude 0.00 m HAEAntenna: Type Trimble SPS780, SPS781, SPS880 Extreme, SPS881 Extreme, InternalHeight (true vertical) 0.00 mGroup AllMeasurement method Antenna Phase Center

SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide 69Default Settings 8Default behaviorThe factory defaults specified on page 68 are applied whenever you start the receiver. If a power up application file is present in the receiver, its settings are applied immediately after the default settings, so you can use a power up file to define your own set of defaults. The factory defaults are also applied when you perform a full reset of the receiver because resetting the receiver deletes the power up files.When starting any of the SPS GPS receivers as a base station or rover receiver using the Trimble SCS900 site controller software or the HYDROpro™ software, the settings as required for those operations are automatically set and configured in that software. To change the receiver settings for special applications or for use with third-party software, use the GPS Configurator software or the Configuration Toolbox software.Power up settingsWhen you turn off the receiver, any changes that you have made to logging settings are lost and these settings are returned to the factory defaults. Other settings remain as defined in the current file. The next time you turn on the receiver, the receiver checks for a power up file and, if one is present, applies the settings in this file.Logging dataLogging data with the SPS GPS receivers is available as an option. By default, the data logging option is turned off. For information on how to enable the data logging option, and the necessary postprocessing software options, please contact your Trimble dealer.Data logging using GPS receivers requires you to have access to suitable GPS postprocessing software such as the Trimble Business Center software, the Trimble Geomatics Office™ software, or the Trimble Total Control™ software. Data logging involves the collection of GPS measurement data over a period of time at a static point or points, and subsequent postprocessing of the information to accurately compute baseline information. Postprocessed GPS data is typically used for control network measurement applications and precise monitoring. The following information only applies if you have the Data Logging options enabled in the receiver, and that you intend to carry out GPS postprocessed measurement operations.Logging data after a power lossIf the receiver loses power unexpectedly, when power is restored the receiver tries to return to the state it was in immediately before the power loss. The receiver does not reset itself to default settings. If the receiver was logging data when power was lost unexpectedly, it resumes logging data when power is restored.

8 Default Settings70 SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide

CHAPTER9SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide 71Specifications 9In this chapter:QGeneral specificationsQPhysical specificationsQElectrical specificationsQCommunication specificationsQGPS satellite signal trackingQIntegrated radio optionsQVariable configuration optionsThis chapter details the specifications for the Smart GPS antenna.Specifications are subject to change without notice.

9 Specifications72 SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User GuideGeneral specificationsPhysical specificationsFeature SpecificationKeyboard and display On/Off key for one button startup using AutoBase technologyLED indicators For satellite tracking, radio link reception, and power monitoringReceiver type Fully-integrated “Smart” GPS antennaFeature SpecificationDimensions (LxWxH) 19 cm (7.5 in) x 10 cm (3.9 in) including connectorsWeight 1.28 kg (2.88 lb) receiver only, with internal battery3.70 kg (8.16 lbs) complete system weight, including controller and pole (when used as a rover)Temperature1OperatingStorage–40 °C to +65 °C (–40 °F to +149 °F)–40 °C to +75 °C (–40 °F to +167 °F)Humidity 100%, condensingWaterproof IP67 for submersion to depth of 1 m (3.28 ft)Shock and vibrationShock, non operating Shock, operatingVibrationTested and meets the following environmental standards:Designed to survive a 2 m (6.6 ft) pole drop onto concrete MIL-STD-810F, Fig.514.5C-17To 40 G, 10 msec, saw-toothMIL-STD-810F, FIG.514.5C-1Measurements • Advanced Trimble Maxwell™ 5 Custom GPS chip• High-precision multiple correlator for L1 and L2/L2C pseudo-range measurements• Unfiltered, unsmoothed pseudo range measurements data for low noise, low multipath error, low time domain correlation and high dynamic response• Very low noise L1 and L2/L2C2 carrier phase measurements with <1 mm precision in a 1 Hz bandwidth• Proven Trimble low elevation tracking technology• 24 channels L1/L2 full cyle carrier (SPS780 only)• 72 channels L1/L2/L2C full cycle carrier (SPS781 only)• 72 channels L1/L2/L2C/L5 GPS and L1/L2 GLONASS (SPS880 Extreme and SPS881 Extreme only)• L1 and L2/L2C signal-to-noise ratios reported in dB-Hz• Can be upgraded to GLONASS (SPS881 Extreme)• Can be upgraded to L5 GPS (SPS881 Extreme) • 4 channels SBAS (WAAS/EGNOS/MSAS)• RoHS compliant (SPSx81 only) Code differential GPS positioning3Horizontal accuracyVertical accuracy ±(0.25 m + 1 ppm) RMS, ± (9.84 in + 1 ppm) RMS±(0.50 m + 1 ppm) RMS, ± (19.68 in + 1 ppm) RMS

SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide 73Specifications 9Electrical specificationsSBAS (WAAS/ENGOS/MSAS) differential positioning accuracy4Typically <5 m (16.40 ft) 3D RMSReal-time Kinematic (RTK) positioning3HorizontalVerticalInitialization timeRegular RTK operation with base stationRTK operation with Scalable GPS infrastructureInitialization reliability5 ±(10 mm + 1 ppm) RMS, ± (0.38 in +1 ppm) RMS±(20 mm + 1 ppm) RMS, ± (0.78 in +1 ppm) RMSSingle/Multi-base minimum 10 sec + 0.5 times baseline length in km, <30 km <30 seconds typical anywhere within coverage area (SPS780 Basic rover may take longer Typically >99.9%1 Receiver will operate normally to –40 °C. Bluetooth module and internal batteries are rated to –20 °C.2 The availability of the L2C code GPS signal is dependent on the US government.3 Accuracy and reliability may be subject to anomalies such as multipath, obstructions, satellite geometry, and atmospheric conditions. Always follow recommended practices.4 Depends on WAAS/EGNOS/MSAS system performance.5 May be affected by atmospheric conditions, signal multipath, and satellite geometry. Initialization reliability is continuously monitored to ensure highest quality.Feature SpecificationPower, internal 11 to 28 V DC external power input with over-voltage protection on Port 1 (7-pin Lemo)Battery Rechargeable, removable 7.4 V, 2.4 Ah Lithium-ion battery in internal battery compartmentPower consumption <2.5 W, in RTK rover mode with internal radioRover operation time on internal battery 450 MHz 900 MHz 2.4 GHz 5.5 hours; varies with temperature (Rx only)5.5 hours; varies with temperature (Rx only)5.5 hours; varies with temperature (Rx only)Feature Specification

9 Specifications74 SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User GuideCommunication specificationsBase station operation times on internal battery450 MHz900 MHz2.4 GHz 4.2 hours; varies with temperature (Tx/Rx)5.5 hours; varies with temperature (External Tx radio)5.5 hours; varies with temperature (External Tx radio)Regulatory approvals Class B Part 15, 22, 24FCC certificationCanada FCCCE mark approvalC-tick approvalWEEERoHS compliant (SPSx81 only)Feature SpecificationCommunicationsPort 1 (7-pin 0S Lemo)Port 2 (D-sub 9-pin)Bluetooth3-wire RS-232Full RS-232Fully-integrated, fully-sealed 2.4 GHz Bluetooth11 Bluetooth type approvals are country specific. Contact your local Trimble office or representative for more information.Integrated radios Fully-integrated, fully-sealed internal 450 MHz, TX, RX, or Tx/Rx2Fully-integrated, fully-sealed internal 900 MHz, Rx32 Tx only or Rx only with SPS780 Basic and SPS781 Basic; Tx/Rx with SPS780 Max, SPS781 Max, SPS880 Extreme, and SPS881 Extreme.3900 MHz is Rx only with SPS780 and SPS781, external transmit radio must be used when configured as a base.450 MHz transmitter radio power output2.4 GHz transmitter radio power output0.5 W0.064 WExternal GSM/GPRS, cellular phone support Supported for direct dial and Internet-based VRS correction streamsCell phone or GSM/GPRS modem inside a TSC2 controllerReceiver position update rateSPS780 Basic and SPS781 BasicSPS780 Max and SPS781 MaxSPS880 Extreme1 Hz and 2 Hz positioning1 Hz, 2 Hz, 5 Hz, and 10 Hz positioning1 Hz, 2 Hz, 5 Hz, 10 Hz, and 20 Hz positioningCorrection data input CMR, CMR+, RTCM 2.0–RTCM 2.3, RTCM 3.0 Correction data output CMR, CMR+, RTCM 2.0–2.3.Data outputs NMEA, GSOF. RT17 and BINEX (optional upgrade).Carrier Supports BINEX and smoothed carrier (SPS880 Extreme and SPS881 Extreme only)Feature Specification

SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide 75Specifications 9GPS satellite signal trackingThis table shows the GPS satellite signal tracking capability for each Smart GPS antenna in the SPSx80 Smart GPS antenna family.This table shows the GPS satellite signal tracking capability for each Smart GPS antenna in the SPSx81 Smart GPS antenna family.GPS signal type Class SPS780 Basic SPS780 Max SPS880 ExtremeGPS signals L1/L2 9 9 9L2C 8 8 9L5 8 8 9GLONASS signals L1/L2 8 8 9GPS SBAS corrections WAAS 9 9 9EGNOS 9 9 9MSAS 9 9 9GPS signal type Class SPS781 Basic SPS781 Max SPS881 ExtremeGPS signals L1/L2 9 9 9L2C 9 9 9L5 8 8 OptionalGLONASS signals L1/L2 8 8 OptionalGPS SBAS corrections WAAS 9 9 9EGNOS 9 9 9MSAS 9 9 9

9 Specifications76 SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User GuideIntegrated radio optionsThis table shows the radio options available for each receiver type in the SPSx80 Smart GPS antenna family. This table shows the radio options available for each receiver in the SPSx81 Smart GPS antenna family Radio option SPS780 Basic base SPS780 Basic rover SPS780 Max SPS880 ExtremeNo radio 9 9 9 9450 MHz Transmit 9 8 9 9450 MHz Receive 8 9 9 9900 MHz Transmit 8 8 8 8900 MHz Receive 8 9 9 9External 450 MHz Transmit 8 8 Optional OptionalExternal 900 MHz Transmit Optional Optional Optional Optional2.4 GHz Transmit 8 8 8 82.4 GHz Receive 8 8 8 8Radio option SPS781 Basic base SPS781 Basic rover SPS781 Max SPS881 ExtremeNo radio 9 9 9 9450 MHz Transmit 9 8 9 9450 MHz Receive 8 9 9 9900 MHz Transmit 8 8 8 8900 MHz Receive 8 9 9 9External 450 MHz Transmit Optional Optional Optional OptionalExternal 900 MHz Transmit Optional Optional Optional Optional2.4 GHz Transmit 8 8 8 92.4 GHz Receive 8 8 8 9

SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide 77Specifications 9Variable configuration optionsThis table lists the default options for each receiver type in the SPSx50 Modular GPS receiver family.This table lists the default options for each Smart GPS antenna in the SPSx81 Smart GPS antenna family.Configuration option SPS780 Basic base SPS780 Basic rover SPS780 Max SPS881 ExtremeCMR inputs (Rover) 8 9 9 9CMR outputs (Base) 9 8 9 9RTCM inputs (Rover) 8 9 9 9RTCM outputs (DGPS Base) 9 8 9 910 Hz measurements 8 8 9 920 Hz measurements 8 8 8 9Data logging (postprocessed) 8 8 Optional OptionalVRS capable 8 8 9 9RTK range limit 82.4 km (1.5 miles) None NoneGLONASS 8 8 8 9L5 8 8 8 9Configuration option SPS781 Basic base SPS781 Basic rover SPS781 Max SPS881 ExtremeCMR inputs (Rover) 8 9 9 9CMR outputs (Base) 9 8 9 9RTCM inputs (Rover) 8 9 9 9RTCM outputs (DGPS Base) 9 8 9 910 Hz measurements 8 8 9 920 Hz measurements 8 8 8 9Data logging (postprocessed) 8 8 Optional OptionalVRS capable 8 8 9 9RTK range limit 82.4 km (1.5 miles) None NoneGLONASS 8 8 8 OptionalL5 8 8 Optional

9 Specifications78 SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide

APPENDIXASPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide 79NMEA-0183 Output AIn this appendix:QNMEA-0183 message overviewQCommon message elementsQNMEA messagesThis appendix describes the formats of the subset of NMEA-0183 messages that are available for output by the receivers. For a copy of the NMEA-0183 Standard, go to the National Marine Electronics Association website at www.nmea.org.

A NMEA-0183 Output80 SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User GuideNMEA-0183 message overviewWhen NMEA-0183 output is enabled, a subset of NMEA-0183 messages can be output to external instruments and equipment connected to the receiver serial ports. These NMEA-0183 messages let external devices use selected data collected or computed by the GPS receiver.All messages conform to the NMEA-0183 version 3.01 format. All begin with $ and end with a carriage return and a line feed. Data fields follow comma (,) delimiters and are variable in length. Null fields still follow comma (,) delimiters but contain no information.An asterisk (*) delimiter and checksum value follow the last field of data contained in an NMEA-0183 message. The checksum is the 8-bit exclusive of all characters in the message, including the commas between fields, but not including the $ and asterisk delimiters. The hexadecimal result is converted to two ASCII characters (0–9, A–F). The most significant character appears first.The following table summarizes the set of NMEA messages supported by the receiver, and shows the page that contains detailed information about each message. To enable or disable the output of individual NMEA messages, do one of the following:•Create an application file in the GPS Configurator software that contains NMEA output settings and then send the file to the receiver.•Add NMEA outputs in the Serial outputs tab of the GPS Configurator software and then apply the settings. (You cannot use the GPS Configuration software to load application files to the SPSx50 Modular GPS receivers.)•For SPSx50 and SPSx51 Modular GPS receivers, set up the NMEA output using the keypad and display or a web browser.Message Function PageADV Position and Satellite information for RTK network operations 82GGA Time, position, and fix related data 83GSA GPS DOP and active satellites 84GST Position error statistics 85GSV Number of SVs in view, PRN, elevation, azimuth, and SNR 86HDT Heading from True North 87PTNL,AVR Time, yaw, tilt, range, mode, PDOP, and number of SVs for Moving Baseline RTK88PTNL,GGK Time, position, position type and DOP values 89PTNL,PJK Local coordinate position output 90PTNL,VGK Time, locator vector, type and DOP values 91PTNL,VHD Heading Information 92RMC Position, Velocity, and Time 93ROT Rate of turn 94VTG Actual track made good and speed over ground 95ZDA UTC day, month, and year, and local time zone offset 96

$SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide 81NMEA-0183 Output ACommon message elementsEach message contains:•a message ID consisting of $GP followed by the message type. For example, the message ID of the GGA message is $GPGGA.•a comma•a number of fields, depending on the message type, separated by commas•an asterisk•a checksum valueBelow is an example of a simple message with a message ID ($GPGGA), followed by 13 fields and a checksum value:$GPGGA,172814.0,3723.46587704,N,12202.26957864,W,2,6,1.2,18.893,M,-25.669,M,2.0,0031*4FMessage valuesNMEA messages that the receiver generates contains the following values.Latitude and longitudeLatitude is represented as ddmm.mmmm and longitude is represented as dddmm.mmmm, where:•dd or ddd is degrees•mm.mmmm is minutes and decimal fractions of minutesDirectionDirection (north, south, east, or west) is represented by a single character: N, S, E, or W.TimeTime values are presented in Universal Time Coordinated (UTC) and are represented as hhmmss.cc, where:•hh is hours, from 00 through 23•mm is minutes•ss is seconds•cc is hundredths of secondsNMEA messagesWhen NMEA-0183 output is enabled, the following messages can be generated.$

A NMEA-0183 Output82 SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User GuideADV Position and Satellite information for RTK network operationsAn example of the ADV message string is shown below. Table A.1 and Table A.2 describe the message fields. The messages alternate between subtype 110 and 120.$PGPPADV,110,39.88113582,-105.07838455,1614.125*1M$PGPPADV,120,21,76.82,68.51,29,20.66,317.47,28,52.38,276.81,22,42.26,198.96*5DTable A.1 ADV subtype 110 message fields Field Meaning0message ID $PPGPADV1Message sub-type 1102Latitude3Longitude4Ellipsoid height6Elevation of second satellite, in degrees, 90° maximum7Azimuth of second satellite, degrees from True North, 000° through 359°8The checksum data, always begins with *Table A.2 ADV subtype 120 message fields Field Meaning0message ID $PPGPADV1Message sub-type 1202First SV PRN number3Elevation of first satellite, in degrees, 90° maximum4Azimuth of first satellite, degrees from True North, 000° through 359°5Second SV PRN number6Elevation of second satellite, in degrees, 90° maximum7Azimuth of second satellite, degrees from True North, 000° through 359°8The checksum data, always begins with *

SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide 83NMEA-0183 Output AGGA Time, Position, and Fix Related DataAn example of the GGA message string is shown below. Table A.3 describes the message fields. Note – The following data string exceeds the NMEA standard length.$GPGGA,172814.0,3723.46587704,N,12202.26957864,W, 2,6,1.2,18.893,M,-25.669,M,2.0,0031*4FTable A.3 GGA message fields Field Meaning0message ID $GPGGA1UTC of position fix2Latitude3Direction of latitude:N: NorthS: South4Longitude5Direction of longitude:E: EastW: West6GPS Quality indicator:0: Fix not valid1: GPS fix2: Differential GPS fix4: Real Time Kinematic, fixed integers5: Real Time Kinematic, float integers7Number of SVs in use, range from 00 through 128HDOP9Orthometric height (MSL reference)10 M: unit of measure for orthometric height is meters11 Geoid separation12 M: geoid separation is measured in meters13 Age of differential GPS data record, Type 1 or Type 9. Null field when DGPS is not used.14 Reference station ID, ranging from 0000 through 1023. A null field when any reference station ID is selected and no corrections are received.15 The checksum data, always begins with *

A NMEA-0183 Output84 SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide GSA GPS DOP and active satellitesAn example of the GSA message string is shown below. Table A.4 describes the message fields.$GPGSA,<1>,<2>,<3>,<3>,,,,,<3>,<3>,<3>,<4>,<5>,<6>*<7><CR><LF> Table A.4 GSA message fields Field Meaning0message ID $GPGSA1Mode 1, M = manual, A = automatic2Mode 2, Fix type, 1 = not available, 2 = 2D, 3 = 3D3PRN number, 01 through 32, of satellite used in solution, up to 12 transmitted4PDOP-Position dilution of precision, 0.5 through 99.95HDOP-Horizontal dilution of precision, 0.5 through 99.96VDOP-Vertical dilution of precision, 0.5 through 99.97The checksum data, always begins with *

SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide 85NMEA-0183 Output AGST Position Error StatisticsAn example of the GST message string is shown below. Table A.5 describes the message fields.$GPGST,172814.0,0.006,0.023,0.020,273.6,0.023,0.020,0.031*6ATable A.5 GST message fields Field Meaning0message ID $GPGST1UTC of position fix2RMS value of the pseudorange residuals; includes carrier phase residuals during periods of RTK(float) and RTK(fixed) processing3Error ellipse semi-major axis 1 sigma error, in meters4Error ellipse semi-minor axis 1 sigma error, in meters5Error ellipse orientation, degrees from true north6Latitude 1 sigma error, in meters7Longitude 1 sigma error, in meters8Height 1 sigma error, in meters9The checksum data, always begins with *

A NMEA-0183 Output86 SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User GuideGSV Satellite InformationThe GSV message string identifies the number of SVs in view, the PRN numbers, elevations, azimuths, and SNR values. An example of the GSV message string is shown below. Table A.6 describes the message fields.$GPGSV,4,1,13,02,02,213,,03,-3,000,,11,00,121,,14,13,172,05*67Table A.6 GSV message fields Field Meaning0message ID $GPGSV1Total number of messages of this type in this cycle2Message number3Total number of SVs visible4SV PRN number5Elevation, in degrees, 90° maximum6Azimuth, degrees from True North, 000° through 359°7SNR, 00–99 dB (null when not tracking)8–11 Information about second SV, same format as fields 4 through 712–15 Information about third SV, same format as fields 4 through 716–19 Information about fourth SV, same format as fields 4 through 720 The checksum data, always begins with *

SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide 87NMEA-0183 Output AHDT Heading from True NorthThe HDT string is shown below, and Table A.7 describes the message fields.$GPHDT,123.456,T*00Table A.7 Heading from true north fields Field Meaning0message ID $GPHDT1Heading in degrees2T: Indicates heading relative to True North3The checksum data, always begins with *

A NMEA-0183 Output88 SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User GuidePTNL,AVR Time, Yaw, Tilt, Range for Moving Baseline RTKThe PTNL,AVR message string is shown below, and Table A.8 describes the message fields.$PTNL,AVR,181059.6,+149.4688,Yaw,+0.0134,Tilt,,,60.191,3,2.5,6*00Table A.8 AVR message fields Field Meaning0message ID $PTNL,AVR1UTC of vector fix2Yaw angle in degrees3Yaw4Tilt angle in degrees5Tilt6Reserved7Reserved8Range in meters9GPS quality indicator:0: Fix not available or invalid1: Autonomous GPS fix2: Differential carrier phase solution RTK (Float)3: Differential carrier phase solution RTK (Fix)4: Differential code-based solution, DGPS10 PDOP11 Number of satellites used in solution12 The checksum data, always begins with *

SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide 89NMEA-0183 Output APTNL,GGK Time, Position, Position Type, DOPAn example of the PTNL,GGK message string is shown below. Table A.9 describes the message fields.$PTNL,GGK,172814.00,071296,3723.46587704,N,12202.26957864,W,3,06,1.7,EHT-6.777,M*48Note – The PTNL,GGK message is longer than the NMEA-0183 standard of 80 characters.Table A.9 PTNL,GGK message fields Field Meaning0message ID $PTNL,GGA1UTC of position fix2Date3Latitude4Direction of latitude:N: NorthS: South5Longitude6Direction of Longitude:E: EastW: West7GPS Quality indicator:0: Fix not available or invalid1: Autonomous GPS fix2: RTK float solution3: RTK fix solution4: Differential, code phase only solution (DGPS)5: SBAS solution – WAAS, EGNOS, MSAS6: RTK Float 3D Network solution7: RTK Fixed 3D Network solution8: RTK Float 2D in a Network solution9: RTK Fixed 2D Network solution10: OmniSTAR HP/XP solution11: OmniSTAR VBS solution8Number of satellites in fix9DOP of fix10 Ellipsoidal height of fix11 M: ellipsoidal height is measured in meters12 The checksum data, always begins with *

A NMEA-0183 Output90 SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User GuidePTNL,PJK Local Coordinate Position OutputAn example of the PTNL,PJK message string is shown below. Table A.10 describes the message fields.$PTNL,PJK,010717.00,081796,+732646.511,N,+1731051.091,E,1,05,2.7,EHT-28.345,M*7CNote – The PTNL,PJK message is longer than the NMEA-0183 standard of 80 characters.Table A.10 PTNL,PJK message fields Field Meaning0message ID $PTNL,PJK1UTC of position fix2Date3Northing, in meters4Direction of Northing will always be N (North)5Easting, in meters6Direction of Easting will always be E (East)7GPS Quality indicator:0: Fix not available or invalid1: Autonomous GPS fix2: RTK float solution3: RTK fix solution4: Differential, code phase only solution (DGPS)5: SBAS solution – WAAS, EGNOS, MSAS6: RTK Float 3D network solution7: RTK Fixed 3D network solution8: RTK Float 2D network solution9: RTK Fixed 2D network solution10: OmniSTAR HP/XP solution11: OmniSTAR VBS solution8Number of satellites in fix9DOP of fix10 Ellipsoidal height of fix11 M: ellipsoidal height is measured in meters12 The checksum data, always begins with *

SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide 91NMEA-0183 Output APTNL,VGK Vector InformationAn example of the PTNL,VGK message string is shown below. Table A.11 describes the message fields.$PTNL,VGK,160159.00,010997,-0000.161,00009.985,-0000.002,3,07,1,4,M*0BTable A.11 PTNL,VGK message fields Field Meaning0message ID $PTNL,VGK1UTC of vector in hhmmss.ss format2Date in mmddyy format3East component of vector, in meters4North component of vector, in meters5Up component of vector, in meters6GPS Quality indicator:0: Fix not available or invalid1: Autonomous GPS fix2: RTK float solution3: RTK fix solution4: Differential, code phase only solution (DGPS)5: SBAS solution – WAAS, EGNOS, MSAS6: RTK Float 3D network solution7: RTK Fixed 3D network solution8: RTK Float 2D network solution9: RTK Fixed 2D network solution10: OmniSTAR HP/XP solution11: OmniSTAR VBS solution7Number of satellites if fix solution8DOP of fix9M: Vector components are in meters10 The checksum data, always begins with *

A NMEA-0183 Output92 SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User GuidePTNL,VHD Heading InformationAn example of the PTNL,VHD message string is shown below. Table A.12 describes the message fields.$PTNL,VHD,030556.00,093098,187.718,-22.138,-76.929,-5.015,0.033,0.006,3,07,2.4,M*22Table A.12 PTNL,VHD message fields Field Meaning0message ID $PTNL,VHD1UTC of position in hhmmss.ss format2Date in mmddyy format3Azimuth4ΔAzimuth/ΔTime5Vertical Angle6ΔVertical/ΔTime7Range8ΔRange/ΔTime9GPS Quality indicator:0: Fix not available or invalid1: Autonomous GPS fix2: RTK float solution3: RTK fix solution4: Differential, code phase only solution (DGPS)5: SBAS solution – WAAS, EGNOS, MSAS6: RTK Float 3D network solution7: RTK Fixed 3D network solution8: RTK Float 2D network solution9: RTK Fixed 2D network solution10: OmniSTAR HP/XP solution11: OmniSTAR VBS solution10 Number of satellites used in solution11 PDOP12 The checksum data, always begins with *

SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide 93NMEA-0183 Output ARMC Position, Velocity, and TimeThe RMC string is shown below, and Table A.13 describes the message fields.$GPRMC,123519,A,4807.038,N,01131.000,E,022.4,084.4,230394,003.1,W*6ATable A.13 GPRMC message fields Field Meaning0message ID $GPRMC1UTC of position fix2Status A=active or V=void3Latitude4Longitude5Speed over the ground in knots6Track angle in degrees (True)7Date8Magnetic variation in degrees9The checksum data, always begins with *

A NMEA-0183 Output94 SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User GuideROT Rate and Direction of TurnThe ROT string is shown below, and Table A.14 describes the message fields.$GPROT,35.6,A*4ETable A.14 ROT message fields Field Meaning0message ID $GPROT1Rate of turn, degrees/minutes, "–" indicates bow turns to port2A: Valid dataV: Invalid data3The checksum data, always begins with *

SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide 95NMEA-0183 Output AVTG Track Made Good and Speed Over Ground An example of the VTG message string is shown below. Table A.15 describes the message fields.$GPVTG,,T,,M,0.00,N,0.00,K*4ETable A.15 VTG message fields Field Meaning0message ID $GPVTG1Track made good (degrees true)2T: track made good is relative to true north3Track made good (degrees magnetic)4M: track made good is relative to magnetic north5Speed, in knots6N: speed is measured in knots7Speed over ground in kilometers/hour (kph)8K: speed over ground is measured in kph9The checksum data, always begins with *

A NMEA-0183 Output96 SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User GuideZDA UTC Day, Month, And Year, and Local Time Zone OffsetAn example of the ZDA message string is shown below. Table A.16 describes the message fields.$GPZDA,172809,12,07,1996,00,00*45Fields 5 and 6 together yield the total offset. For example, if field 5 is –5 and field 6 is +15, local time is 5 hours and 15 minutes earlier than GMT.Table A.16 ZDA message fields Field Meaning0message ID $GPZDA1UTC2Day, ranging between 01 and 313Month, ranging between 01 and 124Year5Local time zone offset from GMT, ranging from 00 through ±13 hours6Local time zone offset from GMT, ranging from 00 through 59 minutes7The checksum data, always begins with *

APPENDIXBSPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide 97 GSOF Messages BIn this appendix:QSupported message typesQGeneral Serial Output FormatQReading binary valuesQGSOF message definitionsThis appendix provides information on the General Serial Output Format (GSOF) messages. GSOF messages are a Trimble proprietary format and can be used to send information such as position and status to a third-party device.For information on how to output GSOF messages, see Chapter 7, Configuring the Receiver Settings.

B GSOF Messages98 SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User GuideSupported message typesThis table summarizes the GSOF messages that are supported by the receiver, and shows the page that contains detailed information about each message.General Serial Output Format Message Description PageTIME Position time 101LLH Latitude, longitude, height 102ECEF Earth-Centered, Earth-Fixed position 102ECEF DELTA Earth-Centered, Earth-Fixed Delta position 102NEU DELTA Tangent Plane Delta 103Velocity Velocity data 103PDOP PDOP info 104SIGMA Position Sigma info 104SV Brief SV Brief info 105SV Detail SV Detailed info 105UTC Current UTC time 106BATT/MEM Receiver battery and memory status 107ATTITUDE Attitude info 107Table B.1 Report packet 40h structure (GENOUT)Byte Item Type Value Meaning0STX CHAR 02h Start transmission.1STATUS CHAR See Table B.2 Receiver status code.2PACKET TYPE CHAR 40h Report Packet 40h (GENOUT).3LENGTH CHAR 00h–FAh Data byte count.4TRANSMISSION NUMBERCHAR Unique number assigned to a group of record packet pages. Prevents page mismatches when multiple sets of record packets exist in output stream.5PAGE INDEX CHAR 00h–FFh Index of current packet page.6MAX PAGE INDEX CHAR 00h–FFh Maximum index of last packet in one group of records.One or more GSOF messagesOutput record type CHAR 01h (e.g., Time (Type 1 Record)Record length CHAR 0Ah Bytes in recordVarious fields depending on Output record typeThere can be multiple records in one GENOUT packet. There could be multiple GENOUT packets per epoch. Records may be split over two consecutive packets.

$SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide 99GSOF Messages BEach message begins with a 4-byte header, followed by the bytes of data in each packet. The packet ends with a 2-byte trailer. Byte 3 is set to 0 (00h) when the packet contains no data. Most data is transmitted between the receiver and remote device in binary format.Reading binary valuesThe receivers store numbers in Motorola format. The byte order of these numbers is the opposite of what personal computers (PCs) expect (Intel format). To supply or interpret binary numbers (8-byte DOUBLES, 4-byte LONGS, and 2-byte INTEGERS), the byte order of these values must be reversed. This section contains a detailed description of the Motorola format.INTEGER data typesThe INTEGER data types (CHAR, SHORT, and LONG) can be signed or unsigned. By default, they are unsigned. All integer data types use two’s complement representation. The following table lists the integer data types.FLOATING-POINT data typesFloating-point data types are stored in the IEEE SINGLE and DOUBLE precision formats. Both formats have a sign bit field, an exponent field, and a fraction field. The fields represent floating-point numbers in the following manner:Floating-Point Number = <sign> 1.<fraction field> x 2(<exponent field> - bias)Length + 4 CHECKSUM – – (Status + type + length + data bytes) modulo 256Length + 5 ETX (03h) – – End transmissionTable B.2 Receiver Status codeByte numberMessage DescriptionBit 0 1ReservedBit 1 1Low batteryBit 2–7 0–63 Reserved Type # of bits Range of values (Signed) (Unsigned)CHAR 8–128 to 127 0 to 255SHORT 16 –32768 to 32767 0 to 65535LONG 32 –2147483648 to 2147483647 0 to 4294967295Table B.1 Report packet 40h structure (GENOUT)Byte Item Type Value Meaning$

$B GSOF Messages100 SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide•Sign bit fieldThe sign bit field is the most significant bit of the floating-point number. The sign bit is 0 for positive numbers and 1 for negative numbers.•Fraction fieldThe fraction field contains the fractional part of a normalized number. Normalized numbers are greater than or equal to 1 and less than 2. Since all normalized numbers are of the form 1.XXXXXXXX, the 1 becomes implicit and is not stored in memory. The bits in the fraction field are the bits to the right of the binary point, and they represent negative powers of 2. For example:0.011 (binary) = 2-2 + 2-3 = 0.25 + 0.125 = 0.375•Exponent fieldThe exponent field contains a biased exponent; that is, a constant bias is subtracted from the number in the exponent field to yield the actual exponent. (The bias makes negative exponents possible.)If both the exponent field and the fraction field are zero, the floating-point number is zero.•NaNA NaN (Not a Number) is a special value which is used when the result of an operation is undefined. For example, adding positive infinity to negative infinity results in a NaN.FLOAT data typeThe FLOAT data type is stored in the IEEE single-precision format which is 32 bits long. The most significant bit is the sign bit, the next 8 most significant bits are the exponent field, and the remaining 23 bits are the fraction field. The bias of the exponent is 127. The range of single-precision format values is from 1.18 x 10–38 to 3.4 x 1038. The floating-point number is precise to 6 decimal digits.0 000 0000 0 000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 = 0.0 0 011 1111 1 000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 = 1.0 1 011 1111 1 011 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 = -1.375 1 111 1111 1 111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 = NaNSExp. + Bias Fraction31 30 23 22 0$

$SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide 101GSOF Messages BDOUBLEThe DOUBLE data type is stored in the IEEE double-precision format which is 64 bits long. The most significant bit is the sign bit, the next 11 most significant bits are the exponent field, and the remaining 52 bits are the fractional field. The bias of the exponent is 1023. The range of single precision format values is from 2.23 × 10–308 to 1.8 × 10308. The floating-point number is precise to 15 decimal digits.0 000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ... 0000 0000 0000 = 0.0 0 011 1111 1111 0000 0000 ... 0000 0000 0000 = 1.0 1 011 1111 1110 0110 0000 ... 0000 0000 0000 = -0.6875 1 111 1111 1111 1111 1111 ... 1111 1111 1111 = NaNGSOF message definitionsWhen GSOF output is enabled, the following messages can be generated.TIMEThis message describes position time information. It contains the following data:•GPS time, in milliseconds of GPS week•GPS week number•Number of satellites used•Initialization counterTable B.3 Time (Type 1 record) Field Item Type Value Meaning0Output record type Char 01h Position time output record1Record length Char 0Ah Bytes in record2–5 GPS time (ms) Long msecs GPS time, in milliseconds of GPS week6–7 GPS week number Short number GPS week count since January 19808Number of SVs used Char 00h-0Ch Number of satellites used to determine the position (0-12)9Position flags 1 Char See Table B.16 Reports first set of position attribute flag values10 Position flags 2 Char See Table B.17 Reports second set of position attribute flag values11 Initialized number Char 00h-FFh Increments with each initialization (modulo 256)S Exp. + Bias Fraction63 62 52 51 0$