UBS Axcera LU5000AT 5000-Watt UHF Transmitter User Manual Title Page LU5000AT Amp

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INSTRUCTION MANUAL
Innovator
LX Series
Power Amplifier
Assembly
AXCERA, LLC
103 FREEDOM DRIVE P.O. BOX 525 LAWRENCE, PA 15055-0525 USA
(724) 873-8100 • FAX (724) 873-8105
www.axcera.com • info@axcera.com
LX Series Power Amplifier Assembly
Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
SECTION
PAGE
1.1 Manual Overview ............................................................................ 1-1
1.2 Assembly Designation Numbers ......................................................... 1-1
1.3 Safety .......................................................................................... 1-1
1.4 Maintenance.................................................................................. 1-2
1.5 Material Return Procedure ................................................................ 1-2
1.6 Limited One-Year Warranty for Axcera Products .................................... 1-3
CHAPTER 2 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION & REMOTE CONTROL CONNECTIONS
2.1 LX Series Power Amplifier Assembly Overview ..................................... 2-1
2.1.1 Power Amplifier Module, 250 Watt ............................................. 2-1
2.1.2 Power Supply Module Assembly................................................. 2-3
2.1.3 Front Panel LCD Display Screens ............................................... 2-3
2.2 System Operation ........................................................................... 2-3
2.2.1 Principles of Operation............................................................. 2-4
2.3 Customer Remote Connections ..................................................... 2-5
CHAPTER 3 SITE CONSIDERATIONS, INSTALLATION AND SETUP PROCEDURES
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
Site Considerations ......................................................................... 3-1
Unpacking the Chassis w/Modules, bandpass and trap filters.................... 3-4
Installing the Chassis w/Modules and filters.......................................... 3-4
AC Input ....................................................................................... 3-5
Setup and Operation ....................................................................... 3-5
3.5.1 Input Connections .................................................................. 3-5
3.5.2 Front Panel Screens for the Exciter/Amplifier Chassis Assembly ....... 3-7
3.5.3 Initial Turn On ......................................................................3-14
CHAPTER 4 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTIONS
4.1 Power Amplifier Module ....................................................................
4.1.1 UHF Phase/Gain Board ............................................................
4.1.2 150 Watt Driver Pallet Assembly................................................
4.1.3 150 Watt Driver, Dual Output Board...........................................
4.1.4 UHF Module Assembly, RF Module Pallet, Philips ...........................
4.1.5 2 Way UHF Combiner Assembly.................................................
4.1.6 Amplifier Control Board ...........................................................
4.2 Power Supply Assembly ...................................................................
4-1
4-1
4-1
4-1
4-2
4-2
4-3
4-5
CHAPTER 5 DETAILED ALIGNMENT PROCEDURES
5.1 Module Replacement .......................................................................
5.1.1 Initial Test Setup....................................................................
5.2 Innovator LX Series Exciter/Amplifier Chassis Assembly ..........................
5.2.1 Linearity Correction Adjustment ................................................
5.2.2 Frequency Response Delay Equalization Adjustment ......................
5.2.3 Calibration of Forward Output Power Level ..................................
5.2.4 Calibration of Reflected Output Power Level.................................
5.3 Bandpass Filter Assembly .................................................................
LX Series, Rev. 0
5-1
5-1
5-2
5-3
5-4
5-4
5-5
5-5
November 25, 2003
LX Series Power Amplifier Assembly
Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS - (Continued)
5.4 UHF Trap Filter Assembly .................................................................. 5-5
5.4.1 The Effects of Tuning the Output Trap Filter................................. 5-6
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A INNOVATOR LX SERIES SPECIFICATIONS
APPENDIX B DRAWINGS AND PARTS LISTS
LX Series, Rev. 0
ii
November 25, 2003
LX Series Power Amplifier Assembly
Table of Contents
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE
PAGE
3-1
3-2
3-3
1 kW Minimum Ventilation Configuration ....................................... 3-4
Front and Rear View Reconnection Drawing ................................... 3-5
Rear View of LX Series Transmitter.............................................. 3-6
4-1
UHF Amplifier Module, 250 Watts................................................. 4-2
5-1
Typical Red Field Spectrum ........................................................ 5-4
LX Series, Rev. 0
iii
LX Series Power Amplifier Assembly
Table of Contents
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE
2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
3-1
3-2
3-3
3-4
3-5
3-6
3-7
3-8
3-9
3-10
3-11
3-12
3-13
3-14
3-15
3-16
3-17
3-18
3-19
3-20
3-21
3-22
3-23
3-24
3-25
PAGE
LX Series Power Amplifier Assemblies ........................................... 2-1
Power Amplifier Status Indicators ................................................ 2-3
Power Amplifier Control Adjustments............................................ 2-3
Power Amplifier Sample ............................................................. 2-3
Pioneer Chassis Customer Remote Connections ....................... 2-5
Rear Chassis Connections for LX Series Transmitter ........................ 3-6
Menu 01 Splash Screen #1 ........................................................ 3-7
Menu 02 Splash Screen #2 ........................................................ 3-7
Menu 10 Main Screen................................................................ 3-7
Menu 11 Error List Access Screen ................................................ 3-8
Menu 12 Transmitter Device Data Access Screen ............................ 3-8
Menu 13 Transmitter Configuration Access Screen .......................... 3-8
Menu 20 Error List Display Screen ............................................... 3-8
Menu 30 Transmitter Device Details Screen ................................... 3-9
Menu 30-1 System Details Screens.............................................. 3-9
Transmitter Device Parameters Detail Screens ............................... 3-9
Menu 40 Transmitter Set Up: Power Raise/Lower Screen.................3-10
Menu 40-1 Transmitter Set Up: Model Select Screen ......................3-10
Menu 40-2 Transmitter Set Up: Frequency Select Screen ................3-11
Menu 40-3 Transmitter Set Up: Frequency Table Select Screen ........3-11
Menu 40-4 Transmitter Set Up: IF Frequency Screen......................3-11
Menu 40-5 Transmitter Set Up: Custom Frequency Select Screen .....3-11
Menu 40-6 Transmitter Set Up: Xmtr. Set Up Serial Address Screen..3-12
Menu 40-7 Transmitter Set Up: Station ID Screen .........................3-12
Menu 40-8 Transmitter Set Up: System Visual Power Cal. Screen .....3-12
Menu 40-9 Transmitter Set Up: System Aural Power Cal. Screen ......3-12
Menu 40-10 Transmitter Set Up: System Rfltd. Power Cal. Screen.....3-13
Menu 40-11 Transmitter Set Up: Fwrd Pwr Fault Threshold Screen....3-13
Menu 40-12 Transmitter Set Up: Refl Power Fault Threshold Screen ..3-13
Menu 40-13 Transmitter Set Up: Remote Commands Control Screen .3-13
LX Series, Rev. 0
iv
LX Series Power Amplifier Assembly
Chapter 1, Introduction
Chapter 1
Introduction
This manual explains the installation,
setup, alignment, and maintenance
procedures for the Power Amplifier
Assembly for the Innovator LX Series
transmitter. It is important that you
read all of the instructions, especially
the safety information in this chapter,
before you begin to install or operate
the unit.
relevant appendix that contains the
drawings for that item.
1.3 Safety
The transmitters and associated power
amplifier assemblies manufactured by
Axcera are designed to be easy to use
and repair while providing protection
from electrical and mechanical hazards.
Listed throughout the manual are notes,
cautions, and warnings concerning
possible safety hazards that may be
encountered while operating or servicing
the transmitter. Please review these
warnings and familiarize yourself with the
operation and servicing procedures
before working on the assembly.
1.1 Manual Overview
This instruction manual is divided into
five chapters and supporting appendices.
Chapter 1, Introduction, contains
information on the assembly numbering
system used in the manual, safety,
maintenance, return procedures, and
warranties. The second chapter describes
the amplifier assembly and includes
discussions on control and status
indicators and remote control
connections. Chapter 3 explains how to
unpack, install, setup, and operate the
power amplifier assembly. Chapter 4
contains circuit-level descriptions for
boards and board-level components in
the power amplifier. Chapter 5, Detailed
Alignment Procedures, provides
information on adjusting the power
amplifier and the system for optimal
operation. The appendices contain
assembly and subassembly drawings and
parts lists and the system specifications.
Read All Instructions – All of the
operating and safety instructions should
be read and understood before operating
this equipment.
Retain Manuals – The manuals for the
power amplifier assembly and the
transmitter should be retained at the
transmitter site for future reference. We
provide two sets of manuals for this
purpose; one set can be left at the office
while one set can be kept at the site.
Heed all Notes, Warnings, and
Cautions – All of the notes, warnings,
and cautions listed in this safety section
and throughout the manual must be
followed.
1.2 Assembly Designators
Axcera has assigned assembly numbers,
such as Ax (x=1,2,3…), to all assemblies,
trays, and boards that are referenced in
the text of this manual and shown on the
block diagrams and interconnect
drawings provided in the appendices.
These supporting documents are
arranged in increasing numerical order in
the appendices. Section titles in the text
for assembly or tray descriptions or
alignment procedures contain the
associated part number(s) and the
LX Series, Rev. 0
Follow Instructions – All of the
operating and use instructions for the
amplifier assembly should be followed.
Cleaning – Unplug or otherwise
disconnect all power from the equipment
before cleaning. Do not use liquid or
aerosol cleaners. Use a damp cloth for
cleaning.
1-1
LX Series Power Amplifier Assembly
Chapter 1, Introduction
Ventilation – Openings in the cabinets
and modules front panels are provided
for ventilation. To ensure the reliable
operation of the amplifier assembly, and
to protect the unit from overheating,
these openings must not be blocked.
screened markings on the modules and
boards. Water-based cleaners can be
used, but do not saturate the
components. The fans and heatsinks
should be cleaned of all dust or dirt to
permit the free flow of air for cooling
purposes.
Servicing – Do not attempt to service
this product yourself until becoming
familiar with the equipment. If in doubt,
refer all servicing questions to qualified
Axcera service personnel.
It is recommended that the operating
parameters of the amplifier assembly and
transmitter be recorded from the LEDs on
the modules and the LCD system
metering on the control/monitoring
module at least once a month. It is
suggested that this data be retained in a
rugged folder or envelope.
Replacement Parts – When
replacement parts are used, be sure that
the parts have the same functional and
performance characteristics as the
original part. Unauthorized substitutions
may result in fire, electric shock, or other
hazards. Please contact the Axcera
Technical Service Department if you have
any questions regarding service or
replacement parts.
1.5 Material Return Procedure
To insure the efficient handling of
equipment or components that have been
returned for repair, Axcera requests that
each returned item be accompanied by a
Material Return Authorization Number
(MRA#).
1.4 Maintenance
The LX Series Transmitter is designed
with components that require little or no
periodic maintenance except for the
routine cleaning of the fans and the front
panels of the modules.
An MRA# can be obtained from any
Axcera Field Service Engineer by
contacting the Axcera Field Service
Department at (724) 873-8100 or by fax
at (724) 873-8105. This procedure
applies to all items sent to the Field
Service Department regardless of
whether the item was originally
manufactured by Axcera.
The amount of time between cleanings
depends on the conditions within the
transmitter room. While the electronics
have been designed to function even if
covered with dust, a heavy buildup of
dust, dirt, or insects will affect the
cooling of the components. This could
lead to a thermal shutdown or the
premature failure of the affected
modules.
When equipment is sent to the field on
loan, an MRA# is included with the unit.
The MRA# is intended to be used when
the unit is returned to Axcera. In
addition, all shipping material should be
retained for the return of the unit to
Axcera.
When the front panels of the modules
become dust covered, the top covers
should be taken off and any accumulated
foreign material should be removed. A
vacuum cleaner, utilizing a small, wandtype attachment, is an excellent way to
suction out the dirt. Alcohol and other
cleaning agents should not be used
unless you are certain that the solvents
will not damage components or the silk-
LX Series, Rev. 0
Replacement assemblies are also sent
with an MRA# to allow for the proper
routing of the exchanged hardware.
Failure to close out this type of MRA# will
normally result in the customer being
invoiced for the value of the loaner item
or the exchange assembly.
1-2
LX Series Power Amplifier Assembly
Chapter 1, Introduction
When shipping an item to Axcera, please
include the MRA# on the packing list and
on the shipping container. The packing
slip should also include contact
information and a brief description of why
the unit is being returned.
warranty, (b) the defective product is
properly packed and returned by the
buyer (transportation and insurance
prepaid), and (c) Axcera determines, in
its sole judgment, that the product is
defective and not subject to any misuse,
neglect, improper installation,
negligence, accident, or (unless
authorized in writing by Axcera) repair
or alteration. Axcera's exclusive liability
for any personal and/or property
damage (including direct, consequential,
or incidental) caused by the breach of
any or all warranties, shall be limited to
the following: (a) repairing or replacing
(in Axcera's sole discretion) any
defective parts free of charge (F.O.B.
Axcera’s plant) and/or (b) crediting (in
Axcera's sole discretion) all or a portion
of the purchase price to the buyer.
Please forward all MRA items to:
AXCERA, LLC
103 Freedom Drive
P.O. Box 525
Lawrence, PA 15055-0525 USA
For more information concerning this
procedure, call the Axcera Field Service
Department.
Axcera can also be contacted through email at info@axcera.com and on the
Web at www.axcera.com.
Equipment furnished by Axcera, but not
bearing its trade name , shall bear no
warranties other than the special hoursof-use or other warranties extended by
or enforceable against the manufacturer
at the time of delivery to the buyer.
1.6 Limited One-Year Warranty for
Axcera Products
Axcera warrants each new product that
it has manufactured and sold against
defects in material and workmanship
under normal use and service for a
period of one (1) year from the date of
shipment from Axcera's plant, when
operated in accordance with Axcera's
operating instructions. This warranty
shall not apply to tubes, fuses,
batteries, or bulbs.
NO WARRANTIES, WHETHER
STATUTORY, EXPRESSED, OR
IMPLIED, AND NO WARRANTIES OF
MERC HANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR
ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR
FREEDOM FROM INFRINGEMENT,
OR THE LIKE, OTHER THAN AS
SPECIFIED IN PATENT LIABILITY
ARTICLES, AND IN THIS ARTICLE,
SHALL APPLY TO THE EQUIPMENT
FURNISHED HEREUNDER.
Warranties are valid only when and if
(a) Axcera receives prompt written
notice of breach within the period of
LX Series, Rev. 0
1-3
LX Series Power Amplifier Assembly
Chapter 1, Introduction
F WARNING!!!
× HIGH VOLTAGE Ø
DO NOT ATTEMPT TO REPAIR OR TROUBLESHOOT THIS EQUIPMENT UNLESS
YOU ARE FAMILIAR WITH ITS OPERATION AND EXPERIENCED IN
SERVICING HIGH VOLTAGE EQUIPMENT. LETHAL VOLTAGES ARE PRESENT
WHEN POWER IS APPLIED TO THIS SYSTEM. IF POSSIBLE, TURN OFF
POWER BEFORE MAKING ADJUSTMENTS TO THE SYSTEM.
« RADIO FREQUENCY RADIATION HAZARD «
MICROWAVE, RF AMPLIFIERS AND TUBES GENERATE HAZARDOUS RF
RADIATION THAT CAN CAUSE SEVERE INJURY INCLUDING CATARACTS,
WHICH CAN RESULT IN BLINDNESS. SOME CARDIAC PACEMAKERS MAY BE
AFFECTED BY THE RF ENERGY EMITTED BY RF AND MICROWAVE
AMPLIFIERS. NEVER OPERATE THE TRANSMITTER SYSTEM WITHOUT A
PROPERLY MATCHED RF ENERGY ABSORBING LOAD ATTACHED. KEEP
PERSONNEL AWAY FROM OPEN WAVEGUIDES AND ANTENNAS. NEVER LOOK
INTO AN OPEN WAVEGUIDE OR ANTENNA. MONITOR ALL PARTS OF THE RF
SYSTEM FOR RADIATION LEAKAGE AT REGULAR INTERVALS.
LX Series, Rev. 0
1-4
LX Series Power Amplifier Assembly
Chapter 1, Introduction
EMERGENCY FIRST AID INSTRUCTIONS
Personnel engaged in the installation, operation, or maintenance of this equipment are urged to become
familiar with the following rules both in theory and practice. It is the duty of all operating personnel to be
prepared to give adequate Emergency First Aid and thereby prevent avoidable loss of life.
RESCUE BREATHING
1. Find out if the person is
breathing.
You must find out if the person
has stopped breathing. If you
think he is not breathing, place
him flat on his back. Put your ear
close to his mouth and look at his
chest. If he is breathing you can
feel the air on your cheek. You
can see his chest move up and
down. If you do not feel the air
or see the chest move, he is not
breathing.
2. If he is not breathing, open
the airway by tilting his head
backwards.
Lift up his neck with one hand
and push down on his forehead
with the other. This opens the
airway. Sometimes doing this will
let the person breathe again by
himself.
3. If he is still not breathing,
begin rescue breathing.
-Keep his head tilted backward.
Pinch nose shut.
-Put your mouth tightly over his
mouth.
-Blow into his mouth once every
five seconds
-DO NOT STOP rescue breathing
until help arrives.
LOOSEN
WARM
CLOTHING
KEEP
Do this when the victim is
breathing by himself or help is
available. Keep him as quiet as
possible and from becoming
chilled. Otherwise treat him for
shock.
BURNS
SKIN REDDENED: Apply ice cold water to burned
area to prevent burn from going deeper into skin
tissue. Cover area with clean sheet or cloth to keep
away air. Consult a physician.
SKIN BLISTERED OR FLESH CHARRED: Apply ice
cold water to burned area to prevent burn from
going deeper into skin tissue.
LX Series, Rev. 0
Cover area with clean sheet or cloth to keep away
air. Treat victim for shock and take to hospital.
EXTENSIVE BURN - SKIN BROKEN: Cover area with
clean sheet or cloth to keep away air. Treat victim
for shock and take to hospital.
1-5
LX Series Power Amplifier Assembly
Chapter 1, Introduction
dBm, dBw, dBmV, dBµ V, & VOLTAGE
EXPRESSED IN WATTS
50 Ohm System
WATTS
1,000,000,000,000
100,000,000,000
10,000,000,000
1,000,000,000
100,000,000
10,000,000
1,000,000
100,000
10,000
1,000
100
50
20
10
0.1
0.01
0.001
0.0001
0.00001
0.000001
0.0000001
0.00000001
0.000000001
0.0000000001
0.00000000001
0.000000000001
PREFIX
1 TERAWATT
100 GIGAWATTS
10 GIGAWATTS
1 GIGAWATT
100 MEGAWATTS
10 MEGAWATTS
1 MEGAWATT
100 KILOWATTS
10 KILOWATTS
1 KILOWATT
1 HECTROWATT
1 DECAWATT
1 WATT
1 DECIWATT
1 CENTIWATT
1 MILLIWATT
100 MICROWATTS
10 MICROWATTS
1 MICROWATT
100 NANOWATTS
10 NANOWATTS
1 NANOWATT
100 PICOWATTS
10 PICOWATTS
1 PICOWATT
dBm
dBw
+150
+140
+130
+120
+110
+100
+ 90
+ 80
+ 70
+ 60
+ 50
+ 47
+ 43
+ 40
+ 30
+ 20
+ 10
- 10
- 20
- 30
- 40
- 50
- 60
- 70
- 80
- 90
+120
+110
+100
+ 99
+ 80
+ 70
+ 60
+ 50
+ 40
+ 30
+ 20
+ 17
+ 13
+ 10
- 10
- 20
- 30
- 40
- 50
- 60
- 70
- 80
- 90
-100
-110
-120
dBm
dBµV
VOLTAGE
+137
+127
+117
+107
7.07V
2.24V
0.707V
224mV
77
67
57
47
TEMPERATURE CONVERSION
°F = 32 + [(9/5) °C]
°C = [(5/9) (°F - 32)]
LX Series, Rev. 0
1-6
LX Series Power Amplifier Assembly
Chapter 1, Introduction
USEFUL CONVERSION FACTORS
TO CONVERT FROM
TO
MULTIPLY BY
mile (US statute)
kilometer (km)
inch (in)
millimeter (mm)
inch (in)
centimeter (cm)
inch (in)
meter (m)
foot (ft)
meter (m)
yard (yd)
meter (m)
mile per hour (mph)
kilometer per hour(km/hr)
mile per hour (mph)
meter per second (m/s)
pound (lb)
kilogram (kg)
gallon (gal)
liter
U.S. liquid
(One U.S. gallon equals 0.8327 Canadian gallon)
fluid ounce (fl oz)
milliliters (ml)
British Thermal Unit
watt (W)
horsepower (hp)
watt (W)
1.609347
25.4
2.54
0.0254
0.3048
0.9144
1.60934
0.44704
0.4535924
3.7854118
29.57353
0.2930711
per hour (Btu/hr)
746
NOMENCLATURE OF FREQUENCY BANDS
FREQUENCY RANGE
DESIGNATION
3 to 30 kHz
30 to 300 kHz
300 to 3000 kHz
3 to 30 MHz
30 to 300 MHz
300 to 3000 MHz
3 to 30 GHz
30 to 300 GHz
VLF
LF
MF
HF
VHF
UHF
SHF
EHF
Very Low Frequency
Low Frequency
Medium Frequency
High Frequency
Very High Frequency
Ultrahigh Frequency
Superhigh Frequency
Extremely High Frequency
LETTER DESIGNATIONS FOR UPPER FREQUENCY
BANDS
LETTER
FREQ. BAND
Ku
Ka
LX Series, Rev. 0
1000 - 2000 MHz
2000 - 4000 MHz
4000 - 8000 MHz
8000 - 12000 MHz
12 - 18 GHz
18 - 27 GHz
27 - 40 GHz
40 - 75 GHz
75 - 110 GHz
1-7
LX Series Power Amplifier Assembly
Chapter 1, Introduction
ABBREVIATIONS/ACRONYMS
AC
Alternating Current
PCB
Printed circuit board
AFC
Automatic Frequency Control
QAM
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
ALC
Automatic Level Control
AM
Amplitude modulation
AGC
Automatic Gain Control
AWG
American wire gauge
BER
Bit Error Rate
BW
Bandwidth
DC
Direct Current
D/A
Digital to analog
dB
Decibel
dBm
Decibel referenced to 1 milliwatt
dBmV
Decibel referenced to 1 millivolt
dBw
Decibel referenced to 1 watt
FEC
Forward Error Correction
FM
Frequency modulation
Hz
Hertz
ICPM
Incidental Carrier Phase Modulation
I/P
Input
IF
Intermediate Frequency
LED
Light emitting diode
LSB
Lower Sideband
MPEG
Motion Pictures Expert Group
O/P
Output
PLL
Phase Locked Loop
LX Series, Rev. 0
1-8
LX Series Power Amplifier Assembly
Chapter 1, Introduction
RETURN LOSS VS. VSWR
-10
-20
-30
N dB
-40
-50
-60
-70
1.001
1.01
1.1
VSWR
LX Series, Rev. 0
1-9
2.0
LX Series Power Amplifier Assembly
Chapter 2, Amplifier Assembly Description
& Remote Control Connections
Chapter 2
Amplifier Assembly Description & Remote Control Connections
2.1 LX Series Power Amplifier
Assembly Overview
exciter/driver. The output of the
amplifier assembly at the “N” connector
J205 is cabled to A9 the bandpass filter
for the system. The filtered output can
connect to (A10) the Optional 1 section
or 2 section trap filter that provides even
more filtering as needed. The filtered
output is connected to A11 a coupler
assembly that supplies a forward and
reflected sample to the A4 Visual/Aural
Metering Board. The Visual/Aural
Metering Board supplies reflected, visual
and aural output power samples to the
exciter/driver for metering purposes.
The RF output for the transmitter is at J2
the 7/8” EIA connector on the A11
coupler assembly.
The (A3) power amplifier assembly in the
LX Series contains modular television
amplifiers that slide into the assembly.
There is also needed one external Power
Supply Module Assembly for every two
PA modules, which also slide into the
Power amplifier assembly, under the PA
Modules. Four PA modules and two
Power Supply modules are the maximum
number of modules in a Power Amplifier
Assemb ly. The RF output of the (A2)
exciter/driver at the “N” connector J25
connects to the power amplifier assembly
at the “N” connector J200. A system
serial cable connects from the Power
Amplifier Assembly at J232 to J34 on the
exciter/driver assembly. If more than
two PA modules are used then another
serial port J233 is also connected to the
The LX Series power amplifier assembly
is made up of the modules and
assemblies listed in Table 2-1.
Table 2-1: LX Series Power Amplifier Assemblies
ASSEMBLY DESIGNATOR
A3
A11
A4
ASSEMBLY NAME
Chassis Assembly
Power Amplifier Assembly,
250 Watt
Power Supply Assembly
Coupler Assembly
Visual/Aural Metering Board
2.1.1 Power Amplifier Module
Assembly, 250Watt (1302868;
Appendix B)
PART NUMBER
CB001274
1302868
1302893
1265-1309
two RF Module Pallets, Philips (1300116),
and (A5) a 2-Way Combiner Board
(1303208).
The Power Amplifier Module contains
Broadband LDMOS amplifiers that cover
the entire UHF band with no tuning
required. Each module amplifies the RF
to a nominal 300W output power.
The Power Amplifier assembly is used to
amplify the RF output of the
Transmitter/Exciter Driver. A cable,
located on the rear chassis, connects the
RF output from the Exciter/Driver at J25
The Power Amplifier Module Assembly is
made up of (A6) an Amplifier Control
Board (1301962), (A1) a UHF Phase/Gain
Board (1303213), (A2) a 150 Watt Driver
Pallet Assembly (1303293), (A3 & A4)
LX Series, Rev. 0
2-1
LX Series Power Amplifier Assembly
Chapter 2, Amplifier Assembly Description
& Remote Control Connections
to J200 the RF input to the PA Assembly.
This module contains RF monitoring
circuitry for both an analog and a digital
system. Control and monitoring lines to
the Power Amplifier module are routed
through the floating blind-mate
connector of the Control &
Monitoring/Power Supply module.
systems, aural and visual power will only
be reported for the final system RF
output.
In digital systems, the Forward power of
an Exciter Driver Power Amplifier and
the Forward power of any external
amplifier, is reported by the system
Control Monitoring module.
The 100 Watt Transmitter/Exciter Driver
Power Amplifier module and any
External Amplifier modules contain the
same control and monitoring board.
This board monitors RF output power,
RF reflected power, the current draw of
amplifier sections, the supply voltage,
and the temperature of the PA heat sink.
If the Control Monitoring module is
monitoring a 5-50 Watt Digital or 10100 Watt Analog Transmitter, system
power is measured in the Power
Amplifier module. The wired
connections are transferred through the
power supply connector to the
backplane board on a five position
header. All four positions of control
board switch SW1 must be set on to
route these lines as the system's RF
power signals. In systems of output
power greater than 50 Watts digital or
100 Watts aural, system power is
monitored by an external module that is
connected to TB31 and control board
SW1 switches must be set off.
The RF power detector circuit outputs
vary with operating frequency. These
circuits must be calibrated at their
intended operating frequency. Front
panel adjustment potentiometers are
used to calibrate the following:
Table 1: Power Amplifier Calibration
Adjustments in Analog Systems
R201
R202
R204
Reflected Power Cal
Forward Power Cal
Meter Offset Zero
The Forward Power of the
Transmitter/Exciter Driver Power
Amplifier module is routed to the
Upconverter module as AGC #1. A
system over-drive condition is detected
when this value rises above 0.9 VDC.
When an over-drive condition is
detected, the Upconverter module
reduces its RF output level. For values
less than 0.9 VDC, the Upconverter uses
this voltage for automatic gain.
In analog systems, the Aural power of
an Exciter Driver Power Amplifier and
the Aural power of any external
amplifier will not be reported by the
system Control Monitoring module.
Additionally the Visual power of these
amplifiers, is reported as Forward Power
just like in digital systems. In analog
LX Series, Rev. 0
2-2
LX Series Power Amplifier Assembly
Chapter 2, Amplifier Assembly Description
& Remote Control Connections
Table 2-2. Power Amplifier Status Indicator
LED
ENABLED
(Green)
DC OK
(Green)
TEMP
(Green)
MOD OK
(Green)
FUNCTION
When lit Green, it indicates that the PA is in the Operate Mode. If a
Mute occurs, the PA will remain Enabled, until the input signal is
returned.
When lit Green, it indicates that the fuse protected DC inputs to the
PA module are OK.
When lit Green, it indicates that the temperature of the heatsink
assembly in the module is below 78°C.
When lit Green, it indicates that the PA Module is operating and has
no faults.
Table 2-3. Power Amplifier Control Adjustments
POTENTIOMETERS
RFL CAL
VISUAL CAL
METER ZERO
DESCRIPTION
Adjusts the gain of the Reflected Power monitoring circuit
Adjusts the gain of the Visual / Forward Power monitoring circuit
Adjusts the offset of the Forward Power monitoring circuit
Table 2-4. Power Amplifier Sample
DISPLAY
FWD SAMPLE
FUNCTION
RF sample of the amplified signal being sent out the module on J25.
2.1.2 Power Supply Module
Assembly, 1kW LX Series (1302863;
Appendix B)
2.2 System Operation
When the transmitter is in operate, as set
by the menu screen located on the
Control & Monitoring Module in the
exciter/driver assembly. The IF
Processor will be enabled, the mute
indicator on the front panel will be
extinguished. The +32 VDC stage of the
Power Supply in the Control & Monitoring
Module is enabled, the operate indicator
on the front panel is lit and the DC OK on
the front panel should also be green.
The enable and DC OK indicators on the
PA Module will also be green.
The Power Supply Module Assembly is
made up of (A1) a +32V/2000W
Switching Power Supply and (A2) a
±12V/40W Switching Power Supply.
The power supply module provides the
+32 VDC and the +12 VDC and –12 VDC
to the power amplifier module assembly.
When the transmitter is in standby. The
IF Processor will be disabled, the mute
indicator on the front panel will be red.
The +32 VDC stage of the Power Supply
in the Control & Monitoring Module is
disabled, the operate indicator on the
front panel will be extinguished and the
DC OK on the front panel should remain
green. The enable indicator on the PA
Module is also extinguished.
2.1.3 Front Panel Display Screens
A 4 x 20 display located on the front of
the Control & Monitoring/Power Supply
Module is used in the LX Series
transmitter for control of the operation
and display of the operating parameters
of the entire transmitter.
LX Series, Rev. 0
2-3
LX Series Power Amplifier Assembly
Chapter 2, Amplifier Assembly Description
& Remote Control Connections
If the transmitter does not switch to
Operate when the operate menu is
switched to Operate, check that all faults
are cleared and that the remote control
terminal block stand-by signal is not
active.
•
Entering Operate Mode
Entering the operate mode can be
initiated a few different ways by the
transmitter control board. A list of the
actions that cause the operate mode to
be entered is given below:
The transmitter can be controlled by the
presence of a modulated input signal. If
the input signal to the transmitter is lost,
the transmitter will automatically cutback
and the input fault indicator on the IF
Processor module will light. When the
video input signal returns, the
transmitter will automatically return to
full power and the input fault indicator
will be extinguished.
•
A low on the Remote Transmitter
Operate line.
•
User selects "OPR" using switches
and menus of the front panel.
•
Receipt of an “Operate CMD” over
the serial interface.
2.2.1 Principles of Operation
There are several fault or interlock
conditions that may exist in the
transmitter that will prevent the
transmitter from entering the operate
mode. These conditions are:
Operating Modes
This transmitter is either operating or in
standby mode. The sections below
discuss the characteristics of each of
these modes.
•
Power Amplifier heat sink
temperature greater than 78°C.
•
Transmitter is Muted due to
conditions listed above.
•
Power Amplifier Interlock is high
indicating that the amplifier is not
installed.
Operate Mode
Operate mode is the normal mode for
the transmitter when it is providing RF
power output. To provide RF power to
the output, the transmitter will not be in
mute. Mute is a special case of the
operate mode where the +32 VDC
section of the power supply is enabled
but there is no RF output power from
the transmitter. This condition is the
result of a fault condition that causes
the firmware to hold the IF Processor
module in a mute state.
Standby Mode
The standby mode in the transmitter
indicates that the output amplifier of the
transmitter is disabled.
Entering Standby Mode
Operate Mode with Mute Condition
Similar to the operate mode, the
standby mode is entered using various
means. These are:
The transmitter will remain in the
operate mode but will be placed in mute
when the following fault conditions
exists in the transmitter.
•
•
•
Upconverter is unlocked
Upconverter module is not present
IF Processor module is not present
LX Series, Rev. 0
Modulator (if present) is in
Aural/Visual Mute
2-4
•
A low on the Remote Transmitter
Stand-By line.
•
Depressing the “STB” key on
selected front panel menus.
LX Series Power Amplifier Assembly
•
Chapter 2, Amplifier Assembly Description
& Remote Control Connections
therefore detectors of power amplifiers
are calibrated at their frequency of use.
The detectors for System RF monitoring
are also calibrated at the desired
frequency of use.
Receipt of a “Standby CMD” over the
serial interface.
Operating Frequency
The LX Series transmitter controller is
designed to operate on UHF and VHF
frequencies. The exact output frequency
of the transmitter can be set to one of
the standard UHF frequencies, or it can
be set to a custom frequency using
software set-up menus. Since RF
performance of the transmitter requires
different hardware for different
frequency bands, not all frequency
configurations are valid for a specific
transmitter. The Power detectors in the
transmitter have frequency dependency,
2.3 Customer Remote Connections
The remote monitoring and operation of
the transmitter is provided through
terminal blocks TB30 and TB31 located
on the rear of the chassis assembly. If
remote connections are made to the
transmitter, they must be made through
terminal blocks TB30 and TB31 at the
positions noted on the transmitter
interconnect drawing and Table 2-5.
Table 2-5: LX Series Chassis Assembly Hard Wired Remote Interface Connections to
TB30 or TB31, 18 pos. Terminal Blocks Located on the Rear of the Assembly
Signal Name
Pin
Designations
RMT Transmitter
State
TB30-1
RMT Transmitter
Interlock
TB30-2
RMT Transmitter
Interlock
Isolated Return
TB30-3
LX Series, Rev. 0
Signal Type/Description
Discrete Open Collector Output - A low indicates that the
transmitter is in the operate mode.
Discrete Open Collector Output - A low indicated the
transmitter is OK or completes an interlock daisy chain.
When the transmitter is not faulted, the interlock circuit
is completed.
Ground - Configurable ground return which can be either
jumpered directly to ground or it can be the “source” pin
of an FET so that the transmitter interlock can be daisy
chained with other transmitters. This signal does not
directly interface to the microcontroller.
2-5
LX Series Power Amplifier Assembly
Signal Name
Pin
Designations
RMT AUX IO 1
TB30-4
RMT AUX IO 2
TB30-5
RMT
Transmitter
Operate
RMT
Transmitter
Stand-By
TB30-6
TB30-7
RMT Power
Raise
TB30-8
RMT Power
Lower
TB30-9
RMT
System Reflect
Power
TB30-10
RMT System
Visual/Forward
Power
TB30-11
RMT
System Aural
Power
TB30-12
RMT Spare 1
RMT Spare 2
TB30-13
TB30-14
System Reflect
Power
TB31-13
System Visual /
Forward Power
TB31-14
System Aural
Power
TB31-15
IF Processor
IF Signal Select
TB31-3
LX Series, Rev. 0
Chapter 2, Amplifier Assembly Description
& Remote Control Connections
Signal Type/Description
Discrete Open Collector Inputs, Discrete Open Drain
Outputs, or 0 - 5 VDC Analog Input - When used as an
output, this line is pulled to +5 VDC with a 1.0 kO
resistor for logic high and pulled to ground for a low. A
diode allows this line to be pulled up to 12 VDC. When
used as a digital input, this line considers all values over
2 Volts as high and those under 1 volt as low. As an
analog input, this line is protected by a 5.1 zener diode.
Discrete Open Collector Input - A pull down to ground on
this line indicates that the transmitter is to be placed into
the operate mode.
Discrete Open Collector Input - A pull down to ground on
this line indicates that the transmitter is to be placed into
the standby mode.
Discrete Open Collector Input - A pull down to ground on
this line indicates that the transmitter power is to be
raised.
Discrete Open Collector Input - A pull down to ground on
this line indicates that the transmitter power is to be
lowered.
Analog Output - 0 to 4.0 V- This is a buffered loop
through of the calibrated “System Reflected Power ” and
indicates the transmitter's reflected output power. The
scale factor is 25%/3.2V.
Analog Output - 0 to 4.0 V- This is a buffered loop
through of the calibrated “System Visual/Avg. Power ”.
Indicates the transmitter's Visual / Average power. Scale
factor is 100%/3.2V.
Analog Output - 0 to 4.0 V- This is a buffered loop
through of the calibrated “System Aural Power ”.
Indicates the transmitter's forward Aural output power.
The scale factor is 100%/3.2V.
Remote connection to spare module - Use is TBD.
Remote connection to spare module - Use is TBD.
Analog Input - 0 to 1.00 V- This is the input of the
“System Reflected Power ” indicating the transmitter's
reflected output power. The scale factor is 25%/0.80V.
Analog Input - 0 to 1.00 V- This is the input of the
“System Visual / Forward Power ” indicating the
transmitter's forward Visual / Forward output power. The
scale factor is 100%/0.80V.
Analog Input - 0 to 1.00 V- This is the input of the
“System Aural Power ” indic ating the transmitter's
forward Aural output power. The scale factor is
100%/0.80V.
Discrete Open Collector Input - A low indicates that the
modulator IF source is to be used by the IF Processor
module. When floating an analog IP Processor module
may use the Modulated IF Input if the IF Processor sled
is so configured.
2-6
LX Series Power Amplifier Assembly
Signal Name
Pin
Designations
IF Processor
DLC Voltage
TB31-4
UC AGC #2
Voltage
TB31-5
RMT Ground
RMT Ground
RMT +12 VDC
RMT -12 VDC
LX Series, Rev. 0
TB30-15, and
17
TB31-1, 2, 6
to 12, and 17
TB30-16
TB31-16
TB30-18
TB31-18
Chapter 2, Amplifier Assembly Description
& Remote Control Connections
Signal Type/Description
Analog Output - 0 to 5.00 V- This is the input of IF
Processor module for digital system RF output power
control.
Auxiliary Analog Input - 0 to 1V- This voltage is used by
the Upconverter for gain control. Linear signal with
display resolution of 0.01 %. Primary signal source is
J34-1.
Ground pins available through Remote
Ground pins available through Remote
+12 VDC available through Remote w/ 2 Amp re-settable
fuse
-12 VDC available through Remote w/ 2 Amp re-settable
fuse
2-7
LX Series Power Amplifier Assembly
Chapter 3, Site Considerations,
Installation and Setup Procedures
Chapter 3
Site Considerations, Installation and Setup Procedures
There are special considerations that
need to be taken into account before the
LX Series Power Amplifier Assembly and
exciter/driver assembly can be installed.
For example, if the installation is
completed during cool weather, a heatrelated problem may not surface for
many months, suddenly appearing during
the heat of summer. This section
provides planning information for the
installation and set up of the transmitter.
reasonably low humidity, and a dust-free
room. It should be noted that this is
rarely if ever attainable in the real world.
However, the closer the environment is
to this design, the greater the operating
capacity of the transmitter.
The fans are designed and built into the
transmitter will remove the heat from
within the modules, but additional means
are required for removing this heat from
the building. To achieve this, a few issues
need to be resolved. The first step is to
determine the amount of heat to be
removed from the transmitter room.
There are generally three sources of heat
that must be considered. The first and
most obvious is the heat from the
transmitter itself. This amount can be
determined for a 100W transmitter by
subtracting the average power to the
antenna (69.5 watts) from the AC input
power (675 watts) and taking this
number in watts (605.5) and then
multiplying it by 3.41. This gives a result
of 2,065, the BTUs to be removed every
hour. 12,000 BTUs per hour equals one
ton. Therefore, a 1/4-ton air conditioner
will cool a 100W transmitter.
3.1 Site Considerations
The transmitter requires an AC input line
of 220 VAC @ 5 amps for the Driver
Assembly and an AC line for each 500
Watt Amplifier Assembly of 220 VAC @
17 amps maximum.
The LX Series Transmitters are designed
and built to provide long life with a
minimum of maintenance. The
environment in which they are placed is
important and certain precautions must
be taken. The three greatest dangers to
the transmitter are heat, dirt, and
moisture. Heat is usually the greatest
problem, followed by dirt, and then
moisture. Over-temperature can cause
heat-related problems such as thermal
runaway and component failure. Each
amplifier module in the transmitter
contains a thermal interlock protection
circuit that will shut down that module
until the temperature drops to an
acceptable level.
The second source of heat is other
equipment in the same room. This
number is calculated in the same way as
the equation for BTUs. The third source
of heat is equally obvious but not as
simple to calculate. This is the heat
coming through the walls, roof, and
windows on a hot summe r day. Unless
the underside is exposed, the floor is
usually not a problem. Determining this
number is usually best left up to a
qualified HVAC technician. There are far
too many variables to even estimate this
number without reviewing the detailed
drawings of the site that show all of the
construction details. The sum of these
three sources is the bulk of the heat that
must be removed. There may be other
A suitable environment for the
transmitter can enhance the overall
performance and reliability of the
transmitter and maximize revenues by
minimizing downtime. A properly
designed facility will have an adequate
supply of cool, clean air, free of airborne
particulates of any kind, and no
excessive humidity. An ideal environment
will require temperature in the range of
40° F to 70° F throughout the year,
LX Series, Rev. 0
3-1
LX Series Power Amplifier Assembly
Chapter 3, Site Considerations,
Installation and Setup Procedures
sources of heat, such as personnel, and
all should be taken into account.
Now that the amount of heat that must
be removed is known, the next step is to
determine how to accomplish this. The
options are air conditioning, ventilation,
or a combination of the two. Air
conditioning is always the preferred
method and is the only way to create
anything close to an ideal environment.
Ventilation will work quite well if the
ambient air temperature is below 100° F,
or about 38° C, and the humidity is kept
at a reasonable level. In addition, the air
stream must be adequately filtered to
ensure that no airborne particulates of
any kind will be carried into the
transmitter. The combination of air
conditioning for summer and ventilation
during the cooler months is acceptable
when the proper cooling cannot be
obtained through the use of ventilation
alone and using air conditioning
throughout the year is not feasible.
Caution: The use of air conditioning
and ventilation simultaneously is not
recommended. This can cause
condensation in the transmitters.
2.
Do not have the air conditioner
blowing directly onto the
transmitter. Under certain
conditions, condensation may
occur on, or worse in, the
transmitter.
3.
Do not separate the front of the
transmitter from the back with the
thought of air conditioning only
the front of the unit. Cooling air is
drawn in at the front of all
transmitters and in the front and
back of others. Any attempt to
separate the front of the
transmitter from the rear of the
unit will adversely affect the flow
of cooling air.
4.
Interlocking the transmitter with
the air conditioner is
recomme nded to keep the
transmitter from operating without
the necessary cooling.
5.
The periodic cleaning of all filters
is a must.
When using ventilation alone, the
following general statements apply:
1.
The blower, with attendant filters,
should be on the inlet, thereby
pressurizing the room and
preventing dirt from entering the
transmitter.
2.
The inlet and outlet vents should
be on the same side of the
building, preferably the leeward
side. As a result, the pressure
differential created by wind will be
minimized. Only the outlet vent
may be released through the roof.
3.
The inlet and outlet vents should
be screened with 1/8-inch
hardware cloth (preferred) or
galvanized hardware cloth
(acceptable).
4.
Cooling air should enter the room
as low as practical but in no case
The following precautions should be
observed regarding air conditioning
systems:
1.
Air conditioners have an ARI
nominal cooling capacity rating. In
selecting an air conditioner, do not
assume that this number can be
equated to the requirements of
the site. Make certain that the
contractor uses the actual
conditions that are to be
maintained at the site in
determining the size of the air
conditioning unit. With the desired
conditioned room temperature
under 80° F, the unit must be
derated, possibly by a substantial
amount.
LX Series, Rev. 0
3-2
LX Series Power Amplifier Assembly
Chapter 3, Site Considerations,
Installation and Setup Procedures
higher than four feet above the
floor. The inlet must be located
where dirt, leaves, snow, etc., will
not be carried in with the cooling
air.
5.
The exhaust should be located as
high as possible. Some ducting is
usually required to insure the
complete flushing of heated air
with no stagnant areas.
6.
The filter area must be large
enough to insure a maximum air
velocity of 300 feet per minute
through the filter. This is not a
conservative number but a neverexceed number. In a dusty or
remote location, this numb er
should be reduced to 150 CFM.
7.
The inlet and outlet(s) must have
automatic dampers that close any
time the ventilation blower is off.
8.
9.
10.
In those cases in which
transmitters are regularly off for a
portion of each day, a
temperature-differential sensor
that controls a small heater must
be installed. This sensor will
monitor inside and outside
temperatures simultaneously. If
the inside temperature falls to
within 5° F of the outside
temperature, the heater will come
on. This will prevent condensation
when the ventilation blower comes
on and should be used even in the
summer.
The blower on high speed must be
capable of moving the required
volume of air into a half inch of
water pressure at the required
elevation. The free air delivery
method must not be used.
12.
Regular maintenance of the filters,
if used, can not be
overemphasized.
13.
Above 4000 feet, for external
venting, the air vent on the
cabinet top must be increased to
an 8-inch diameter for a 1-kW
transmitter and to a 10-inch
diameter for 5-kW and 6-kW
transmitters. An equivalent
rectangular duct may be used but,
in all cases, the outlet must be
increased by 50% through the
outlet screen.
14.
It is recommended that a site plan
be submitted to Axcera for
comments before installation
begins.
In calculating the blower requirements,
filter size, and exhaust size, if the total
load is known in watts, 2000 CFM into ½
inch of water will be required for each
5000 watts. If the load is known in BTUs,
2000 CFM into ½ inch of water will be
required for each 17,000 BTUs. The inlet
filter must be a minimum of seven
square feet, larger for dusty and remote
locations, for each 5000 watts or 17,000
BTUs. The exhaust must be at least four
square feet at the exhaust screen for
each 5000 watts or 17,000 BTUs.
A controlled-air bypass system
must be installed to prevent the
temperature in the room from
falling below 40° F during
transmitter operation.
The information presented in this section
is intended to serve only as a general
guide and may need to be modified for
unusually severe conditions. A
combination of air conditioning and
ventilation should not be difficult to
design (see Figure 3-1).
The blower should have two
speeds, which are thermostatically
controlled, and be interlocked with
the transmitter.
LX Series, Rev. 0
11.
System interlocking and thermostat
settings should be reviewed with Axcera.
As with any equipment installation, it is
3-3
LX Series Power Amplifier Assembly
Chapter 3, Site Considerations,
Installation and Setup Procedures
always good practice to consult the
manufacturer when questions arise.
Axcera can be contacted at (724) 8738100.
Figure 3-1. 1 kW Minimum Ventilation Configuration
3.2 Unpacking the Chassis
w/modules, bandpass and optional
trap filters
The modules are mounted to the chassis
assembly with slides that are on the top
and the bottom of the modules. There
are two thumb screws on the front panel
that hold each of the modules in place.
Thoroughly inspect the chassis with
modules and all other materials upon
their arrival. Axcera certifies that upon
leaving our facility the equipment was
undamaged and in proper working order.
The shipping containers should be
inspected for obvious damage that
indicates rough handling.
3.3 Installing the Chassis w/modules
and filters
The exciter/driver and power amplifier
chassis assemblies are made to mount in
a standard 19” rack. The chassis
assemblies mount using the four #10
clearance mounting holes on the ends.
The chassis should be positioned; to
provide adequate air intake into the front
and the air exhaust of the fan in the rear;
the ability to slide the modules out for
replacement purposes; the installation of
the bandpass filter; optional trap filter;
the coupler assembly; and output
transmission line. The chassis or cabinet
in which it is mounted should be
grounded using copper strapping
material.
Remove the chassis and modules, along
with bandpass filter and optional trap
Filter, from the crates and boxes.
Check for dents and scratches or broken
connectors, switches, display, or
connectors. Any claims against in-transit
damage should be directed to the carrier.
Inform Axcera as to the extent of any
damage as soon as possible.
LX Series, Rev. 0
3-4
LX Series Power Amplifier Assembly
Chapter 3, Site Considerations,
Installation and Setup Procedures
be removed from the rear of the chassis
assembly.
NOTE: To pull out any power amplifier
module for replacement purposes, the
input and output coaxial cables must first
Figure 3-2. Front and Rear View Reconnection Drawing
Connect the transmission line for the
antenna system to the output of the
optional trap filter. A BNC sample jack of
the output on the trap filter can be used
for test purpose.
3.5 Setup and Operation
Initially, the transmitter should be turned
on with the RF output at the directional
coupler terminated into a dummy load of
at least the rated power of the
transmitter. If a load is not available,
check that the output of the directional
coupler is connected to the antenna for
your system.
3.4 AC Input
The Driver Assembly requires one AC
outlet in which to plug, of 220 VAC @ 5
amps and each 500 Watt power amplifier
assembly needs one AC outlet in which to
plug, of 220 VAC @ 17 amps maximum.
One 500 Watt power amplifier assembly
consists of two PA assemblies and one
power supply assembly.
3.5.1 Input Connections
The input connections to the transmitter
are to the rear of the exciter/driver
chassis assembly for the transmitter or to
the receiver tray in a translator.
This completes the unpacking and
installation of the LX Series UHF
television transmitter. Refer to the setup
and operation procedures that follow
before applying power to the transmitter.
LX Series, Rev. 0
Refer to the tables and description that
follows for detailed information on the
input connections.
3-5
LX Series Power Amplifier Assembly
Chapter 3, Site Considerations,
Installation and Setup Procedures
Figure 3-3: Rear View of LX Series Transmitter
J25
J21
TB02
TB30
J18
TB31
J9
J6
J24
J11
J19
J32
J5
J34
Table 3-1: Rear Chassis Connections for the LX Series Transmitter.
Port
J1
TB02
J3
J4
J5
J6
J7
J8
J9
J10
J11
Type
IEC
Term
BNC
BNC
BNC
BNC
BNC
BNC
BNC
BNC
BNC
Function
AC Input
Base Band Audio Input
Composite Audio Input
SAP / PRO Audio Input
CW IF Input
Modulated IF Input
Video Input (Isolated)
Visual IF Loop-Thru Output
Aural IF Loop-Thru Output
10 MHz Reference Input
10 MHz Reference Output
Ohm
J17
J18
J19
BNC
BNC
BNC
Video Loop-Thru (Isolated)
Visual IF Loop-Thru Input
Aural IF Loop-Thru Input
75
50
50
J23
J24
J25
BNC
BNC
Upconverter RF Output
Power Amplifier RF Input
Power Amplifier RF Output
50
50
50
Term
Term
RJ-45
RJ-45
RJ-45
Remote Control & Monitoring
Remote Control & Monitoring
SCADA (Input / Loop-Thru)
SCADA (Input / Loop-Thru)
System RS-485 Serial
TB30
TB31
J32
J33
J34
LX Series, Rev. 0
3-6
J7
J17
J10
J33
J1
J4
J8
J23
J3
600
75
75
50
50
75
50
50
50
50
CAT5
CAT5
CAT5
LX Series Power Amplifier Assembly
Chapter 3, Site Considerations,
Installation and Setup Procedures
3.5.2 Front Panel Screens for the
Exciter/Amplifier Chassis Assembly
characters are special characters used to
navigate up or down through the menu
screens. Display text flashes on discrete
fault conditions for all screens that
display a fault condition.
A 4 x 20 display located on the front of
the Control & Monitoring/Power Supply
Module is used in the LX Series
transmitter for control of the operation
and display of the operating parameters
of the transmitter. Below are the display
screens for the system. The ↑ and ↓
When the transmitter is in operate mode,
the STB me nu appears. When the
transmitter is in standby mode, the OPR
menu appears.
Display Menu Screens for the LX Series Transmitter
Table 3-2: Menu 01 - Splash Screen #1
C E
W R
2 4
R E
N C
D O M
P A
3 - 8 1
D R
0 0
This is the first of the two transmitter splash screens that is shown for the first few
seconds after reset.
Table 3-3: Menu 02- Splash Screen #2
N E E
M W A
D A
R S I
D D R
L D
O N
U 5
This is the second of the two transmitter splash screens
Table 3-4: Menu 10 - Main Screen
↑
I S
U R
E F
U A
A L
L E
P W R
W R
E D
W R
↓
This is the default main screen of the transmitter. When the transmitter is in operate,
the 'STB' characters appear allowing an operator to place the transmitter in STAND-BY.
When the transmitter is in standby the 'STB' characters are replaced with 'OPR' and an
operator can place the transmitter into OPERATE by pressing the right most switch on the
front panel display. If the ↓ key is activated the system changes to Menu 11, go to Menu
11. If the ↑ key is activated the system displays to Menu 13, go to Menu 13.
LX Series, Rev. 0
3-7
LX Series Power Amplifier Assembly
Chapter 3, Site Considerations,
Installation and Setup Procedures
Table 3-5: Menu 11 - Error List Access Screen
O R
↑
N T
↓
O R
This screen of the transmitter shows the current number of errors and provides operator
access to view the error list. This is the entry point to Menu 20. If ENT is pushed, go to
Menu 20. If the ↓ key is activated the system changes to Menu 12, go to Menu 12. If the
↑ key is activated the system returns to Menu 10, go to Menu 10.
Table 3-6: Menu 12 - Transmitter Device Data Access Screen
N S
↑
M I
↓
E R
N T
D E
This screen of the transmitter allows access to various parameters of the transmitter
system. This is the entry point to Menu 30. If ENT is pushed, go to Menu 30. If the ↓
key is activated the system changes to Menu 13, go to Menu 13. If the ↑ key is activated
the system returns to Menu 11, go to Menu 11.
Table 3-7: Menu 13 - Transmitter Configuration Access Screen
↑
N S
M I
↓
E R
N T
This screen of the transmitter allows access to various software setting of the transmitter
system. This is the entry point to Menu 40. If ENT is pushed, go to Menu 40. If the ↓
key is activated the system returns to Menu 10, go to Menu 10. If the ↑ key is activated
the system returns to Menu 12, go to Menu 12.
Table 3-8: Menu 20 - Error List Display Screen
S Y
U P
I N
↑
T E M
O N V E
E R L O
↓
O R
F A
M O D U L
U L T
E S C
This screen of the transmitter allows access to system faults. Fault logging is stored in
non-volatile memory. The transmitter's operating state can not be changed in this
screen. The 'CLR' switch is used to clear previously detected faults that are no longer
active. The ↑ key and ↓ key allow an operator to scroll through the list of system errors
that have occurred. The ESC switch is used to leave this screen.
LX Series, Rev. 0
3-8
LX Series Power Amplifier Assembly
Chapter 3, Site Considerations,
Installation and Setup Procedures
Table 3-9: Menu 30 - Transmitter Device Details Screen
Y S T
M T R
O W E
↑
I N
D E T
O P
U P P
O K
M O D E
↓
This screen of the transmitter allows access to the transmitter parameters of installed
devices. The system is configured to know which devices are present. Current values for
all installed devices are shown. If a module is not installed, only a "MODULE NOT
PRESENT" message will be displayed. The ↑ and ↓ arrows scroll through the different
parameters of each device as shown in table 3-11. Each System Component is a
different screen. One IF Processor or the other will be programmed for your system. One
Power Amplifier or the other will be programmed for your system. External Amplifier will
only be used in high power transmitters.
Table 3-10: Menu 30-1 – System Details Screen
↑
U A
D E
U R
↓
Table 3-11: Transmitter Device Parameters Detail Screens
System Component
Parameter
Normal
Faulted (Blinking)
Modulator Details
PLL CIRCUIT
OUTPUT LEVEL
AURAL DEVIATION
CW INPUT
STATION ID
LOCKED
0 - 200 IRE
0 - 125 kHz
PRESENT
SEND soft key
UNLOCKED
N/A
N/A
NOT USED
N/A
IF Processor Details
(Analog Systems)
INPUT SIGNAL
STATE
MODULATION
INPUT IF
DLC LEVEL
ALC LEVEL
ALC MODE
OK
OK
MODULATOR or J6
0 - 5.00 V
0 - 5.00 V
AUTO or MANUAL
FAULT
FAULT
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
(OR)
IF Processor Details
(Digital Systems)
ALC LEVEL
ALC MODE
DLC LEVEL
0 - 5.00 V
AUTO or MANUAL
0 - 5.00 V
N/A
N/A
N/A
PLL CIRCUIT
AFC LEVEL
AGC 1 LEVEL
AGC 2 LEVEL
FAULT
N/A
N/A
N/A
EX. 10 MHz
LO FREQ
LOCKED
0 - 5.00 V
0 - 5.00 V
0 - 5.00 V
PRESENT or NOT
USED
xxx.xxx MHz
POWER SUPPLY
STATE
±12V SUPPLY
ON or OFF
OK or OFF
N/A
FAULT
Upconverter Details
Driver PA Details
LX Series, Rev. 0
3-9
N/A
N/A
LX Series Power Amplifier Assembly
System Component
Chapter 3, Site Considerations,
Installation and Setup Procedures
Parameter
Ext. Power Amplifier
Modules Details
(Only in high power
systems)
Normal
Faulted (Blinking)
FORWARD POWER
REFLECTED POWER
AMP 1 CURRENT
AMP 2 CURRENT
TEMPERATURE
CODE VERSION
xxx%
xxx%
xx.xA
xx.xA
xxC
x.x
xxx%
xxx%
xx.xA
xx.xA
xxC
N/A
POWER SUPPLY
STATE
±12V SUPPLY
FORWARD POWER
REFLECTED POWER
AMP CURRENT 1
AMP CURRENT 2
AMP CURRENT 3
AMP TEMPERATURE
CODE VERSION
ON or OFF
OK or OFF
xxx%
xxx%
xx.xA
xx.xA
xx.xA
xxC
x.x
N/A
FAULT
xxx%
xxx%
xx.xA
xx.xA
xx.xA
xxC
N/A
Table 3-12: Menu 40 - Transmitter Set-up: Power Raise/Lower Screen
↑
N S M I
P O W E
S E T T
↓
E R
R A
N G
( + )
U P
O W E
( -
This screen of the transmitter is the first of several that allows access to transmitter setup parameters. When + is selected, the Power will increase. When - is selected, the
Power will decrease.
Table 3-13: Menu 40-1 - Transmitter Set-up: Model Select Screen
↑
N S M I
T R A N
N U M B
↓
T E R
M I T
( + )
- U
M O
0 0
D E
A T
( -
This screen is used to specify which components are expected to be part of the system.
By specifying the model number, the transmitter control firmware knows which
components should be installed and it will be able to display faults for components that
are not properly responding to system commands.
LX Series, Rev. 0
3-10
LX Series Power Amplifier Assembly
Chapter 3, Site Considerations,
Installation and Setup Procedures
Table 3-14: Menu 40-2 - Transmitter Set-up: Frequency Select Screen
N S
F R
T A
↑
M I
E Q
B L
↓
T T
U E
C T
( -
This screen of the transmitter is allows access to transmitter frequency set-up
parameters. The choices of this screen are 'TABLE' or 'CUSTOM'. When table is selected,
the next menu will be used to select the desired operating frequency. When custom is
selected, the next menu is used to select a specific operating frequency.
Table 3-15: Menu 40-3 - Transmitter Set-up: Frequency Table Select Screen
N S M I
F R E Q
C H
↑
↓
T T
U E
C T
M H z
( - )
The choices of this screen are from the standard UHF / VHF tables. + and - change the
desired value of the transmitter. Any change to frequency is immediately set to the LO /
Upconverter Frequency Synthesizer PLL circuit.
Table 3-16: Menu 40-4 - Transmitter Set-up: IF Frequency Screen
N S M I
I F
I N P U
↑
↓
U E
4 .
M H
This screen is used to specify the IF Input frequency. This value plus the desired channel
value is used to calculated the desired LO frequency. + is used to increase the selected
value from 0 to 9. The > key is used to select from each of the different fields that make
up the desired frequency. Any change to frequency is immediately set to the LO /
Upconverter Frequency Synthesizer PLL circuit.
Table 3-17: Menu 40-5 - Transmitter Set-up: Custom Frequency Select Screen
↑
N S
F R
M I
E Q
↓
T T
U E
C T
M H z
( - )
This screen is used to specify the operating frequency to an exact value. + is used to
increase the selected value from 0 to 9. The > key is used to select from each of the
different fields that make up the desired frequency.
Any change to frequency is
immediately set to the LO / Upconverter Frequency Synthesizer PLL circuit.
LX Series, Rev. 0
3-11
LX Series Power Amplifier Assembly
Chapter 3, Site Considerations,
Installation and Setup Procedures
Table 3-18: Menu 40-6 - Transmitter Set-up: Serial Address Screen
N S
S E
↑
M I
R I
↓
+ )
S E
D R
This screen allows the user to set the serial address of the transmitter. The default
address is 5. This value and all other set-up parameters, are stored in non-volatile
memory.
Table 3-19: Menu 40-7 - Transmitter Set-up: Station ID Screen
N S M I
M O D U
S T A T
↑
↓
E R
T E
+ )
E S
- U
G N
0 0
This screen allows the user to set the serial address of the transmitter. The default
address is 5. This value and all other set-up parameters, are stored in non-volatile
memory.
Table 3-20: Menu 40-8 - Transmitter Set-up: System Visual Power Calibration
↑
N S
S Y
V I
M I
S T
S U
↓
T E
( +
- )
This screen is used to adjust the calibration of the system's visual power. A symbol
placed under the '6' character is used to show minor changes in the calibration value.
When the calibration value is at full value, the character will be full black. As the value
decreases, the character pixels are gradually turned off.
Table 3-21: Menu 40-9 - Transmitter Set-up: System Aural Power Calibration
↑
N S M I
S Y S T
A U R A
↓
T E
( +
C A
W R
- )
This screen is used to adjust the calibration of the system's aural forward power. A
symbol as on the previous screen is under the '6' character on this screen.
LX Series, Rev. 0
3-12
LX Series Power Amplifier Assembly
Chapter 3, Site Considerations,
Installation and Setup Procedures
Table 3-22: Menu 40-10 - Transmitter Set-up: System Reflected Power Calibration
↑
N S
S Y
R E
M I
S T
F L
↓
T E R
C T
( + )
- )
This screen is used to adjust the calibration of the system's reflected power.
Table 3-23: Menu 40-11 - Transmitter Set-up: Forward Power Fault Threshold Screen
↑
N S M I
M I N I
P O W E
↓
T T
M U
E R
F A
+ )
T W A
5 0
( -
This screen is used to set the minimum forward power fault threshold.
When the
transmitter is operating, it must operate above this value otherwise the system will shut
down with fault for 5 minutes. If after five minutes the fault is not fixed, the transmitter
will enable, measure power less than this value and again shut down for five minutes.
Table 3-24: Menu 40-12 - Transmitter Set-up: Reflected Power Fault Threshold
↑
N S M I
M A X I
P O W E
↓
T T
M U
E R
F A
+ )
This screen is used to set the maximum reflected power fault threshold. When the
transmitter is operating, it must not operate above this value otherwise the system will
shut down with fault for 5 minutes. If after five minutes the fault is not fixed, the
transmitter will enable, measure power above this value and again shut down for five
minutes.
Table 3-25: Menu 40-13 - Transmitter Set-up: Remote Commands Control
↑
N S M I T
R E M O T
C O M M A
↓
T E
N D
( +
- U
O L
E P
This screen is used to allow or deny the use of remote control commands. When
disabled, remote commands are not used. Remote commands are commands received
either through the rear terminal blocks or through serial messages.
This completes the description of the
screens for the LX Series
exciter/amplifier chassis assembly.
If the transmitter is already connected
to the antenna, check that the output is
100%. If necessary, adjust the
LX Series, Rev. 0
amplifier power detection circuitry or
LO / Upconverter AGC settings. The
power raise / lower settings are only to
be used for temporary reductions in
power. The power set-back values do
not directly correspond to the power of
the transmitter. Setting for 50%
3-13
LX Series Power Amplifier Assembly
Chapter 3, Site Considerations,
Installation and Setup Procedures
output sets a linear circuit voltage that
is controlling a non-linear power circuit.
VIDEO LOSS: This indicates the loss of
Video to the modulator, when Red.
If a problem occurred during the setup
and operation procedures, refer to
Chapter 5, Detailed Alignment
Procedures, of this manual for more
information.
OVER MOD: This illuminates Red when
the video is overmodulated.
ALT IF CW: This indicates that there is
an external IF CW signal applied to the
Modulator
3.5.3 Initial Turn On
Once the unit has been installed and
all connections have been made, the
process of turning on the equipment
can begin. First verify that AC power
is present and connected to the
transmitter. Verify all cables are
properly connected and are the correct
type. Once all of these things are
done, the unit is ready to be turned on
following the procedures below.
Turn on the main AC
that
supplies
the
transmitter. Check that
plug is connected to J1
the chassis assembly.
Status Indicators:
power source
AC
to
the
the AC power
on the rear of
Monitor the LCD display located on the
front of the control/monitoring module
as you proceed through this section.
When the transmitter is in the operate
mode, the STB menu appears. When
in the standby mode, the OPR menu
appears. Press the NXT key after each
menu
to
continue
through
the
sequence.
MODULATOR MODULE LEDs ON
FRONT PANEL
10MHz PRES: This indicates the
presence of a 10 MHz reference input.
IF PROCESSOR MODULE LEDs ON
FRONT PANEL
Fault Indicators:
INPUT FAULT: This illuminates Red if
the input to the module is missing or
low.
ALC FAULT: This illuminates RED when
the needed ALC value to maintain the
output level is beyond the range of the
circuitry.
MUTE: This indicator will illuminate
Red when the transmitter is muted.
UPCONVERTER MODULE LED ON
FRONT PANEL
Fault Indicator:
AGC CUTBACK-This illuminates Red if
the required gain to produce the
desired output level is beyond the
value set by the AGC Cutback circuit.
Fault Indicators:
AUR UNLOCK: This illuminates Red
when the Aural IF PLL is unlocked.
VIS UNLOCK: This illuminates RED
when the Visual IF PLL is unlocked.
AUD OV DEV: This indicator will
illuminate Red when the audio overdeviates the aural carrier.
LX Series, Rev. 0
CONTROLLER MODULE LEDs ON
FRONT PANEL
Status Indicators:
OPERATE - This illuminates Green
when transmitter is in operate.
FAULT - This illuminates Red when a
fault has occurred in the transmitter.
3-14
LX Series Power Amplifier Assembly
DC OK - This illuminates Green when
the DC outputs that connect to the
modules in the transmitter are
present.
POWER AMPLIFIER MODULE LEDs
ON FRONT PANEL
Chapter 3, Site Considerations,
Installation and Setup Procedures
TEMP - This illuminates Green when
the temperature of the heatsink in the
PA is below 78°C.
MOD OK - This illuminates Green when
the PA module is operating and has no
faults.
Status Indicators:
ENABLED - This illuminates Green
when the PA is in operate.
This completes the Installation, Set Up
and Turn On of the Transmitter.
DC OK - This illuminates Green when
the DC inputs to the PA module are
present.
LX Series, Rev. 0
3-15
LX Series Power Amplifier Assembly
Chapter 4, Circuit Descriptions
Chapter 4
Circuit Descriptions
The RF from the exciter/driver assembly
connects from the RF Output “N” Jack J25,
through a RG-55 cable, to the PA RF Input
SMA Jack J200, located on the rear of the
PA chassis assembly. The RF Input is
cabled through UT -141 to port J111 on
the main chassis. Jack J1 on the PA
module assembly connects to the J111
port when the module assembly is slid
into place.
The RF output from the 2 way UHF
combiner connects to the PA RF Output
Jack J2, located on the rear of the PA
Module. Jack J2 on the PA module
connects to the J115 port, on the main
chassis assembly, when the module
assembly is slid into place.
The level controlled signal connects to the
phase-shifter circuit that consists of U2,
C20, C21, CR2, and CR3. U2 is a 90°, 2way splitter. The signal at pin 1 of U2 is
split and applied to pins 3 and 4. The signal
reflects off CR2 and CR3 and is passed to
pin 2. The phase shift between pins 1 and
2 changes with the voltage applied across
CR2 and CR3. This voltage is controlled by
the phase-adjust pot R24 through R26,
R18 and R19. +12 VDC from an external
switching power supply is applied to J3 on
the board and is used as the reference that
is applied to the phase-control pot. The
gain and phase controlled output connects
to J2 on the board.
4.1 (A4) Power Amplifier Module
Assembly (1302868; Appendix B)
The Power Amplifier Module Assembly
contains (A1) a UHF Phase/Gain Board
(1303213), (A2) a 150W Driver Pallet,
Dual Output (1303293), (A3 & A4) UHF
RF Module Pallet Assemblies (1300116),
(A5) a 2 Way UHF Combiner Assembly
(1303208), (A6) an Amplifier Control
Board (1301962) and (A7) a
Temperature Sensor IC.
4.1.2 (A2) 150 Watt Driver Pallet
Assembly, Dual Output (1303293;
Appendix B)
4.1.1 (A1) UHF Phase/Gain Board
(1303213; Appendix B)
The output of the Phase/Gain Board is
connected to the input J1 of (A2) the 150
Watt UHF amplifier assembly. The
assembly contains a 150 Watt CW UHF
Driver Board, Dual Output (1303169).
The RF input from J1 on the PA assembly
connects to J1 on the Phase/Gain Board.
The UHF phase/gain board provides the
circuits that adjust the gain and the
phase of the RF signal for the PA
amplifier assembly in which it is
mounted. The input signal connects to
the gain circuit through the capacitor
C13. The gain circuit consists of U1,
R16, CR4, R22, R17, CR5, R23, R27 and
the gain pot, R25. U1 is a 90°, 2-way
splitter. The signal at pin 1 of U1 is split
and applied to pins 3 and 4. The signal
reflects off CR4 and CR5 and is passed to
LX Series, Rev. 0
pin 2. The gain between pins 1 and 2
changes with the voltage applied across
CR4 and CR5. This voltage is controlled by
the gain-adjust pot R25. The more
positive the voltage, the more the diodes
CR4 and CR5 conduct therefore the less
gain through the circuit. The gain
controlled output is coupled through C14
and the pi-type divider circuit consisting of
R8, R5 and R9 that drops the level before it
applied to the phase-shifter circuit.
4.1.3 150 Watt Driver, Dual Output
(1303169; Appendix B)
The board operates class AB and is a
highly linear broadband amplifier for the
frequency range of 470 to 860 MHz. It can
deliver an output power of 150 watts
(CW) with approximately 14 dB of gain.
4-1
LX Series Power Amplifier Assembly
Chapter 4, Circuit Descriptions
The amplification circuit consists of
LDMOS transistors Q1 and Q2 connected
in parallel and operating class AB. The
paralleling network is achieved with the
aid of 3 dB couplers U3 and U4. The
quiescent current settings are achieved
by means of potentiometers R6 and
R10. C39 and C38 are adjusted for best
response. The settings are factory
implemented and should not be altered.
The UHF Module Assembly, 250-watt
module (Figure 4-1) is a broadband
amplifier for the frequency range 470 to
860 MHz. The amplifier is capable of
delivering an output power of 70 Wrms .
The amplification is approximately 13 dB.
The amplification circuit consists of the
parallel connected push-pull amplifier
blocks V1 and V2 operating in class AB. In
order to match the transistor impedance
to the characteristic impedance of the
input and output sides, matching networks
are placed ahead and behind the amplifier
blocks. Transformers Z3 to Z6 serve to
balance the input and output signals. The
paralleling circuit is achieved with the aid
of 3-dB couplers Z1 and Z2.
PIN diode VR1 is a variable-damping
circuit that is used to adjust the
amplification of the module. The
adjustment is performed with the Gain
potentiometers R10 and R6. A
readjustment of the amplification may
be required, after repair work, to ensure
that the PAs in multiple PA transmitters
deliver the same output power.
The working point setting is factory
implemented by means of potentiometers
R9, R11, and R12 and should not be
altered.
4.1.4 (A3 & A4) UHF Module
Assembly, RF Module Pallet, Philips
(1300116;Appendix B)
V1
Z3
Z5
Matching
Network
RF
Input
Matching
Network
3 dB Coupler
Z1
3 dB Coupler
Z2
Dynamic
Equalization
R 10
R9
R2
N1
R 11
+Uop
RF
Output
R 12
R1
Matching
Network
Z4
Matching
Network
Z6
V2
Figure 4-1. UHF Amplifier Module, 250 Watts
4.1.5 (A5) 2 Way UHF Combiner
Assembly (1303208; Appendix B)
The 2 Way UHF combiner board assembly
combines the two outputs of the UHF
Module Assemblies and also provides
forward and reflected power samples of
the output to (A6) the amplifier control
board where it connects to the input of
the overdrive-protection circuit.
The RF inputs to the 2 way UHF combiner
assembly, from the UHF amplifier
modules, are soldered to the external
connection points J3 and J4. The RF is
LX Series, Rev. 0
combined by the stripline tracks and R5 a
100 ohm matching resistor across the two
inputs, to the RF Output solder connection
point at J5. A hybrid-coupler circuit picks
off a power sample that is connected to
SMA type connector jack J1 as the forward
power sample. Another power sample is
taken from the coupler circuit that is
connected to SMA type connector jack J2
as the reflected power sample. Two 50O
terminations, created from two 100 ohm
resistors in parallel, used as dissipation
loads, connect from the forward and
reflected ports to ground.
4-2
LX Series Power Amplifier Assembly
4.1.6 (A5) Amplifier Control Board
(1301962; Appendix B)
The amplifier control board provides LED
fault and enable indications on the front
panel of the module and also performs
the following functions: overdrive
cutback, when the drive level reaches the
amount needed to attain 110% output
power; and overtemperature, VSWR, and
overdrive faults. The board also provides
connections to the LCD Display for
monitoring the % Reflected Power, %
Output Power, and the power supply
voltage.
Page 1
U4, located upper center of page, is an in
circuit microcontroller. The controller is
operated at the frequency of 3.6864 MHz
using crystal Y1. Programming of this
device is performed through the serial
programming port J2. U4 selects the
desired analog channel of U1 through the
settings of PA0-PA3. The outputs of Port
A must be set and not changed during an
analog input read of channels PA5-PA7.
PA4 of U4 is a processor operating LED
that monitors the +/ -12 VDC. PA5 is
used to monitor the +12VDC supply to
the board. PA6 is the selected channel of
analog switch U1. PA7 is connected to a
via, V10, for future access.
U6 is a serial to RS-485 driver IC. U7 is
a watchdog IC used to hold the
microprocessor in reset, if the supply
voltage is less than 4.21 VDC. U7
momentarily resets the microcontroller if
Pin 6 (!ST) is not clocked every second.
A manual reset switch is provided but
should not be needed.
Upper left corner U3 is used to determine
where the amplifier control board is
located. The eight inputs come from the
main amp connector and are used to set
the SCADA address of the controller.
Pull-up resistors set a default condition of
logic high.
LX Series, Rev. 0
Chapter 4, Circuit Descriptions
U5 below U3 is used for getting digital
input information of the board. Page two
has several monitoring circuits that provide
information on the amplifier’s status. Many
of these circuits automatically shut down
the amplifier if a specific fault occurs.
U8 below U5 is used to control four board
mounted status LEDs. A FET is turned On
to shunt current away from the LED to turn
it Off. U9 below U8 is used to enable
different features within the software.
Actual use is to be determined.
Page 2
In the lower right corner are voltage
regulator circuits. U22 should allow for
0.14 amps of power using its 92 C/W
rating if Ta = 60°C max and Tj = 125°C
max 0.26 amps can be obtained from U22
if the mounting pad is 0.5 square inches.
The controller will not need this much
current.
U23 and U24 are low drop out +5 VDC,
voltage regulators with a tolerance greater
than or equal to 1%. 100mA of current is
available from each device but again the
controller will not need this much current.
In the upper left section are circuits with
U12 and U13. U12 is used to generate a
regulated voltage that is about 5 volts less
than the +32 VDC supply, approximately
+26.25 VDC. When the +32 VDC supply is
enabled, the circuitry around U13B is used
to provide gate voltage to Q10 that is 5
volts greater than the source pin of this
FET. The gate of Q10 can be turned Off by
any one of a few different circuits.
U10A is used to turn Off the gate of Q10 in
the event of high current in amplifier #1.
At 0.886 VDC the current to amplifier #1
should be greater than 5 Amps. U11B is
used to turn off the Q10 FET, if high
current is detected in amplifier #2. U11A
is used to turn off the Q10 FET, if high
current is detected in amplifier #3. With
2.257 VDC at Pin 5 of U11B or Pin 3 of
U11A, the voltage output of current sense
4-3
LX Series Power Amplifier Assembly
amplifier U17 or U18 at high current shut
down should be greater than 15 Amps.
U14B is used to turn Off the gate of Q10
in the event of high power supply
voltage, approximately +35.4 VDC.
U14A is used to keep the FET disabled in
the event of low power supply voltage,
approximately +25.4 VDC.
Chapter 4, Circuit Descriptions
to J6 pins 1 & 2 on the board wand is
wired to the comparator IC U10B. If the
temperature increases above 75°C the
output will go Low that is used as a
temperature fault output, which generates
a Fault alert at U15A and disables
Amplifier #1.
Aural, Visual/Average and Reflected power
detector sections of the board.
Current monitoring sections of the board.
Page 3
The ICs U16, U17 and U18 along with
associated components set up the
current monitoring sections of the board.
R67, R68 and R69 are 0.01O/5W 1%
through hole resistor is used for
monitoring the current through several
sections of the amplifier. The voltage
developed across these resistors are
amplified for current monitoring by U16,
U17 or U18. The LT1787HVCS8 precision
high side current sense IC amplifier
accepts a maximum voltage of 60 VDC.
The 43.2 kO resistor from pin 5 to
ground sets the gain of the amplifier to
about 17.28. This value is not set with
much accuracy since the manufacturer
internally matches the resistors of this
part but their actual resistance value is
not closely defined. A trimming resistor
is suggested to give a temperature
stability of –200 ppm/C, but instead the
microcontroller will determine the exact
gain of the circuit and use a correction
factor for measurements. Circuit loading
components are located in the lower
portion of each current monitoring circuit.
These components allow for short
duration high current loading of the
supply. By measuring the current
through the sense resistor with and
without the additional four 30.1 O 1%
resistors. For very short duration pulses,
a 1206 resistor can handle up to 60
watts. The processor requires 226 uSec
per conversion. A supply voltage of +32
VDC will pass 1.06 amps + 1% through
the load resistors.
A6 is a temperature sensor thermistor
that is used to monitor the temperature
of the module's heat sink. It connects
LX Series, Rev. 0
A Forward Power Sample enters the board
at SMA Jack J3 and is split. One part
connects to J4 on the board that is cabled
to J1, the SMA Forward Power Sample
Jack, located on the front panel of the
assembly. The other part of the split
forward power sample is detected by CR17
and the DC level amplified by U25A. The
output of U25A at pin 1 is split with one
part connected to the Aural Power sample,
which is not used in this digital transmitter.
The other split output connects to U265A
that is part of the Forward Average Power
circuit. The detected level is connected to
L4 that is part of an intercarrier notch filter
circuit that is tuned to eliminate the 4.5
MHz aural intercarrier, if present. The
Average power sample is amplified by
U26D and connected through the average
calibration pot R166 to U26C. The output
of U26C is connected to the comparator IC
U26B that has Aural Null and Offset Null, if
present in the system, connected to the
other input. The output Average Forward
power level connects to J9 pin 2 of the
board.
A Reflected Power Sample enters the board
at SMA Jack J5 and is detected by CR20
and the DC level amplified by U28B. The
output of U28B at pin 7 is connected
through the reflected calibration pot R163
to U28C. The output is split with one part
connected to J9 pin 5, the Reflected Power
Output level of the board. The other part
of the split from U28C connects to the
comparator IC U28D that has a reference
level connected to the other input. If the
reflected level increases above the
reference level a low output is produced
4-4
LX Series Power Amplifier Assembly
and connected to the Reflected Power
Shutdown circuit at CR28. The low shuts
off Q14 causing pin 3 to go high that is
connected to the inverter U15C. The
output of U15C goes low producing a
Reflected Power Fault that is connected
to an output of the board, the Fault Alert
circuit and also shuts down Amplifier #1.
Gain of the power measurements is
completed through software. Only the
Aural Null and Offset Null need to be
done through front panel pots.
Chapter 4, Circuit Descriptions
4.2 Power Supply Assembly (1302863;
Appendix B)
The Power Supply Assembly contains (A1)
a +32V/2000W switching power supply
(1301504) and (A2) a ±12V/40W
switching power supply (1303242). The
+32VDC connects through J1 (+32VDC)
and J2 (RTN) to the rest of the amplifier
assembly. The +/ -12VDC outputs, the
+32VDC control lines and the 220VAC
connect to the assembly through Jack J3.
Both power supplies contain no customer
adjustments.
This completes the description of the Power
Amplifier Module Assembly and the Power
Supply Assembly.
LX Series, Rev. 0
4-5
LX Series Power Amplifier Assembly
Chapter 5, Detailed Alignment Procedures
Chapter 5
Detailed Alignment Procedures
This Power Amplifier Assembly along with
the transmitter was aligned at the factory
and should not require additional
adjustments to achieve normal operation.
mate connector. Replace the two cables
on the rear of the chassis assembly. If
the replacement module does not slide
in easily, verify it is properly aligned in
the nylon tracks, located on both the top
and bottom of the module.
This transmitter takes the baseband
audio and video inputs or, if the
(Optional) 4.5-MHz composite input kit is
purchased, either a single composite
video + 4.5-MHz input or separate
baseband video and audio inputs, and
converts them to the desired UHF On
Channel RF Output at the systems output
power level.
Note: Each Module has an assigned slot
and will not fit properly in the incorrect
slot. Do not try to place a Module in the
wrong slot as this may damage the slot
or the blind mate connectors.
5.1.1 Initial Test Set Up
The power amplifier assembly of the
Innovator LX Series transmitter is of a
Modular design and when a Module fails
that module needs to be changed out
with a replacement module. The failed
module can then be sent back to Axcera
for repair. Contact Axcera Customer
Service Department at 724-873-8100 or
fax to 724-873-8105, before sending in
any module.
Check that the RF output at the coupler
is terminated into a dummy load of at
least the rated output of the system.
While performing the alignment, refer to
the Test Data Sheet for the transmitter
and compare the final readings from the
factory with the readings on each of the
modules. The readings should be very
similar. If a reading is way off, the
problem is likely to be in that module.
Switch On the main AC for the system.
5.1 Module Replacement
5.2 Innovator LX Series
Exciter/Amplifier Chassis Assembly
Module replacement on the LX Series
products is a relatively simple process.
The power supply and power amplifier
modules, plug into a blind mating
connector located on the chassis. To
replace a module, refer to the following
procedure.
This transmitter operates using the
baseband audio and video inputs or, if
the (optional) 4.5-MHz composite input
kit is purchased, either a single
composite video + 4.5-MHz input or
separate baseband video and audio
inputs.
Loosen the two grip lock connectors,
located on the front panel, at the top
and bottom of the module,
counterclockwise until the module
releases. There are two cables
connected to the rear of the Power
Amplifier Module. These two cables must
first be removed before the PA module
will slide out.
On the LCD Display, located on the
Controller/Power Supply Module, in
Transmitter Set-Up, push the button to
switch the transmitter to Operate. The
check of and the setup of the Audio and
Video input levels are completed using
the LCD Display and the front panel
adjustments on the Modulator assembly.
The level of the RF output includes
adjustments of the drive level to the
After removal of the failed module, slide
the replacement module in place and
make certain it connects to the blind
LX Series, Rev. 0
5-1
LX Series Power Amplifier Assembly
Chapter 5, Detailed Alignment Procedures
Power Amplifier and the adjustment of
the linearity and phase predistortion to
compensate for any nonlinear response
of the Power Amplifier. The adjustments
are located on the front panel of the IF
Processor module.
ALTERNATE IF (DS7) – Red Indicates
that an external 45.75 MHz IF is not
present to the modulator.
10 MHz PRESENT (DS2) – Red Indicates
that an external 10 MHz reference in not
present to the modulator.
Modulator Module Assembly
Note: The Modulator Assembly is not
present in a translator system.
Look at the front panel LCD meter on the
Control/Power Supply Module Assembly.
Set the LCD screen to the Modulator
Details video output level screen, the
screen indicates active video from 0 to 1
Vpk-pk. The normal video input level is 1
Vpk-pk on the front panel screen. If this
reading is not at the proper level, the
overall video level can be changed by
adjusting the VIDEO LEVEL control R42
on the front panel of the Modulator to the
1 Vpk-pk level on the front panel screen.
The Modulator Assembly has adjustments
for video levels and audio modulation
levels, and other related parameters.
Connect an NTSC baseband video test
signal input (1 Vpk-pk) to the transmitter
video input jack J7 on the rear of the
tray. Jacks J7 and J17 are loop-through
connected; the J17 jack can be used as a
video source for another transmitter.
Connect a baseband audio input (+10
dBm) to the balanced audio input
terminal block TB02-1 [+], TB02-2 [-],
and TB02-3 [ground] or, if
stereo/composite audio is provided,
connect it to BNC jack J3, the composite
audio input jack.
Switch the LCD display to the Modulator
Details screen that indicates the AUDIO
DEVIATION (modulation level) of the
signal from 0 to 100 kHz.
MONO SET UP: The modulator was
factory set for a ±25-kHz deviation with
a mono, balanced, audio input of +10
dBm. If the reading is not at the correct
level, adjust the MONO Audio Gain pot
R110, located on the front panel of the
modulator, as necessary, to attain the
±25-kHz deviation on the front panel
screen.
Verify that all LEDs located on the front
panel of the Modulator are Green. The
following details the meaning of each
LED:
AURAL UNLOCK (DS5) – Red Indicates
that 4.5 MHz Aural IF is unlocked from
the 45.75 MHz visual IF.
STEREO SET UP: The modulator was
factory set for a ±75-kHz deviation with
a stereo, composite, audio input of 1
Vpk-pk. If this reading is not correct,
adjust the STEREO Audio Gain pot R132,
located on the front panel of the
modulator, as necessary, for the ±75kHz deviation.
VISUAL UNLOCK (DS6) – Red Indicates
that the 45.75 MHz visual IF is unlocked
from the 10 MHz reference.
AUDIO OVER DEVIATION (DS4) – Red
Indicates that the input Audio level is too
high.
SECONDARY AUDIO SET UP: NOTE:
Remove any stereo or mono audio
modulation input to the transmitter
during the set up of the secondary audio.
The modulator was factory set for a ±15kHz deviation with a secondary audio
input of 1 Vpk-pk. If this reading is not
VIDEO LOSS (DS1) – Red Indicates that
the input Video level is too low.
OVER MODULATION (DS3) – Red
Indicates that the input Video level is too
high.
LX Series, Rev. 0
5-2
LX Series Power Amplifier Assembly
Chapter 5, Detailed Alignment Procedures
correct, adjust the SAP/PRO Audio Gain
pot R150, located on the front panel of
the modulator, as necessary, for the
±15-kHz deviation.
DS1, AGC Cutback, just starts to flash.
Return the output power of the
transmitter to 100%.
5.2.1 Linearity Correction
Adjustment
IF Processor Module Assembly
Verify that all red LEDs located on the IF
Processor front panel are extinguished.
The following details the meaning of each
LED when illuminated:
•
•
•
As shipped, the exciter was preset to
include amplitude and phase predistortion. The pre-distortion was
adjusted to approximately compensate
the corresponding non-linear distortions
of the Power Amplifier.
DS1 (input fault) – Indicates that
either abnormally low or no IF is
present at the input of the IF
Processor module.
NOTE: On the IF processor board inside
the module the correction enable/disable
jumper W12 on J30 will be in the Enable
position, on pins 2 & 3.
DS2 (ALC fault) – Indicates that the
ALC circuit is unable to maintain the
signal level requested by the ALC
reference. This is normally due to
excessive attenuation in the linearity
signal path or the IF phase corrector
signal path, or that switch SW1 is in
the Manual ALC Gain position.
Set up a spectrum analyzer with 100
kHz resolution bandwidth and 100 kHz
video bandwidth to monitor the
intermodulation products of the RF
output signal of the Power Amplifier.
A typical red field spectrum is shown in
Figure 5-1. There are three Linearity
Corrector stage adjustments located on
the front panel of the IF Processor
Module. The adjustments are threshold
settings that are adjusted as needed to
correct for any amplitude or phase
intermod problems. Adjust the top
linearity correction adjustment R211
threshold cut in for the in phase
amplitude distortion pre-correction that
is needed. Next adjust the middle
linearity correction adjustment R216
threshold cut in also for the in phase
amplitude distortion pre-correction that
is needed. Finally adjust the bottom
linearity correction adjustment R231
threshold cut in for the quadrature
phase distortion pre-correction that is
needed. The above pots are adjusted
for the greatest separation between the
peak visual carrier and the intermod
products.
DS4 (Mute) – Indicates that a Mute
command is present to the system.
Switch the transmitter to Standby. The
ALC is muted when the transmitter is in
Standby. To monitor the ALC, preset R3,
the ma nual gain adjust pot, located on
the front panel of the Upconverter
module, fully CCW. Move switch SW1,
Auto/Man AGC, on the front panel of the
Upconverter module, to the Manual
position. Place the transmitter in
Operate. Adjust the ALC GAIN pot on the
front panel of the IF Processor to obtain
100% output power on the LCD Display
mounted on the Controller/Power Supply
in the ALC screen. Move the MAN/AUTO
ALC switch back to Auto, which is the
normal operating position.
To adjust the AGC Cutback setting, raise
the output power of the transmitter to
120%. Adjust R2, AGC Cutback, located
on the front panel, CCW until the LED
LX Series, Rev. 0
5-3
LX Series Power Amplifier Assembly
Chapter 5, Detailed Alignment Procedures
Figure 5-1. Typical Red Field Spectrum
5.2.2 Frequency Response Delay
Equalization Adjustment
Note: The frequency response
adjustment is done at IF, so the
frequency cut-in points will be
reversed at the UHF frequencies.
The procedure for performing a
frequency response delay equalization
adjustment for the transmitter is
described in the following steps:
5.2.3 Calibration of the Transmitter
Forward Output Power Level
The center frequency for the first stage is
45 MHz. Adjust R103, the top frequency
response equalizer pot, located on the
front panel of the IF Processor Module,
for the best depth of frequency response
correction at 45 MHz.
Note: Perform the following
procedure only if the power
calibration is suspect.
The center frequency for the second
stage is 42 MHz. Adjust R274, the
bottom frequency response equalizer pot,
located on the front panel of the IF
Processor Module, for the best depth of
frequency response correction at 42 MHz.
Switch the transmitter to Standby and
preset R51, the aural null pot on (A4) the
visual/aural metering board, fully CCW.
Switch the LO/Upconverter sled to
Manual Gain. Adjust R48, the null offset
pot on the visual/aural metering board,
full CW. Adjust CCW until 0% visual
output is displayed on the LCD Display in
the System Visual Power position.
Perform the following adjustments with
no aural present by removing the jumper
cable, the aural IF loop-through, that is
connected on the rear of the
exciter/driver chassis. Connect a sync
and black test signal to the video input
jack of the exciter/driver. Switch the
transmitter to Operate.
After the three delay attenuation
equalizers have been adjusted, fine tune,
as needed, for the best frequency
response across the channel.
Next, set up the transmitter for the
appropriate average output power level
using the Manual Gain pot on the
LO/Upconverter sled:
The center frequency for the second
stage is 43.5 MHz. Adjust R106, the
middle frequency response equalizer pot,
located on the front panel of the IF
Processor Module, for the best depth of
frequency response correction at 43.5
MHz.
LX Series, Rev. 0
5-4
LX Series Power Amplifier Assembly
Chapter 5, Detailed Alignment Procedures
Example is for 1000 Watt transmitter.
the System Errors Menu. Turn the power
adjust pot slightly CCW and the fault
should be clearable on the System Error
Menu. Turn the pot CW until the Fault
appears. The reflected output power is
now calibrated.
•
Sync + black 0 IRE
setup/wattmeter=595 watts
•
Sync + black 7.5 IRE
setup/wattmeter=545 watts
Switch the transmitter to Standby and
move the Reflected power cable on the
A11 Coupler back to the “Reflected Port”.
Switch the transmitter to Operate and
adjust the front panel power pot for a
100% visual power reading. Switch the
LO/Upconverter to the Auto AGC position
and adjust the ALC Gain adjust pot on
the front of the IF Processor module for
100% visual power reading, if needed.
Note: The transmitter must have 40
IRE units of sync.
Adjust R28, visual calibration, on the
(A4) visual/aural metering board for .8V,
at TB30-14 and TB30-12 return, on the
exciter/driver assembly, then adjust
display to read 100% on the front panel
meter in the System Forward Power
position.
5.3 (A9) Bandpass Filter Assembly
With the spectrum analyzer set to zero
span mode, obtain a peak reference on
the screen. Reconnect jumper cable on
the rear of the exciter/driver. While in
the Visual Output Power position, adjust
L3 for a minimum visual power reading
on the LCD display. Turn the power
adjust pot on the LO/Upconverter sled
front panel until the original peak
reference level is attained. Peak L1 and
C8 for a maximum aural power reading,
then adjust R20 for .8V, at TB30-15 and
TB30-12 return, on the exciter/driver
assembly, then adjust LCD display for
100% system aural power reading.
Switch to the Visual Output Power
position and adjust R51 for 100% visual
power on system LCD display.
The Bandpass Filter Assembly is tuned to
reject unwanted distortion products
generated when the signals are diplexed
and also during the amplification process.
The Bandpass Filter is factory tuned to
the proper bandwidth and should not
need tuned. If you think tuning is
needed consult Axcera Field Support
Department before beginning the
adjustment.
5.4 (A10) UHF Trap Filter Assembly
The Traps on the output Trap Filter are
labeled with their Center Frequency
relative to the Frequency of the Carrier.
(For Example: The Traps labeled -4.5
MHz are tuned for a Center Frequency of
4.5 MHz Lower than the Frequency of the
Visual Carrier.) The first section of the
Trap Filter filters out the Visual Carrier
plus 9 MHz (fv +9 MHz). The second and
fourth sections work together to filter out
the lower spurious product (fv -4.5 MHz).
The third section is tuned to remove the
(fv +8.08). The output of the Trap Filter
is an "N" Type Connector.
5.2.4 Calibration of the Transmitter
Reflected Output Level
On the meter, in the Visual Power
position, turn the power adjust pot to
25%. Move the Reflected cable on the
(A11) coupler to the unused “INC” port
on the coupler. Then adjust R39 on (A4)
the visual/aural metering board for a
.2VDC, at TB30-13 and TB30-12 return,
on the exciter/driver assembly. Then
adjust the LED display for 25% reading in
the System Reflected Power position. At
this 25% reference power reading a
reflected power fault should appear on
LX Series, Rev. 0
The Trap Sections have been factory
tuned and should not need major
5-5
LX Series Power Amplifier Assembly
Chapter 5, Detailed Alignment Procedures
adjustments. The Trap Filter is
comprised of four trap sections
connected to the main transmission line.
effect the Notch Depth in addition to the
Center Frequency. The variable that is
being adjusted with this procedure is the
length of the Center Conductor inside the
Trap Filter. The gap between the Trap
and the Main Line should not be changed.
Moving only the Inner or the Outer
Conductors by itself will effect the Gap
and the Notch depth.
The Trap Sections are Reflective Notches,
adjustable across the entire UHF
Frequency Band. The electrical length of
the Outer Sleeve and the Center Rod of
the Notch can be adjusted to Tune the
Notch Frequency. The Depth of the
Notch is set by the gap between the
Center Conductor of the Trap Section and
the Center Conductor of the Main Line.
Tight Coupling makes a Deep Notch,
while Loose Coupling makes a Shallow
Notch.
To effect the Notch Depth Only, both
sections will have to be moved. The
Notch Depth is controlled by the Gap
between the Center Conductor and the
Trap Section. This Gap also has an effect
on the Center Frequency. To Deepen the
Notch, Shorten the Outer Conductor and
pull the Center Conductor Out until the
Notch is back in the same place. Move
the Sections in the opposite direction to
make a Shallow Notch. NOTE: THE
TRAP FILTER IS TYPICALLY ADJUSTED
FOR A NOTCH DEPTH OF 10 dB.
FINE TUNING of the Notches Center
Frequency can be accomplished with the
Tuning Bolts located on the side of the
Filter Section. Loosen the nut locking the
Bolt in place and adjust the Bolt to
change the Frequency of the Notch.
Monitor the output of the Transmitter
with a Spectrum Analyzer and Null the
Distortion Product with the Bolt. Red
Field is a good Video Test Signal to use to
see the +8.08 MHz Product. Tighten the
nut when the tuning is completed. Hold
the bolt in place with a screwdriver as
the nut is tightened to prevent it from
slipping.
5.4.1 The Effects of Tuning the
Output Trap Filter
Lengthening Outer Conductor Only Notch Frequency Up, Shallower Notch.
Shortening Outer Conductor Only - Notch
Frequency Down, Deeper Notch.
MAJOR TUNING, such as changing the
Notch Depth or moving the Notch
Frequency more than 1 MHz, the Outer
Conductor and the Center Conductor of
the Trap Section must both be moved.
This requires a RF Sweep Generator to
accomplish. Apply the Sweep signal to
the Input of the Trap Filter and monitor
the Output. Loosen the Clamp holding
the Outer Conductor in place and make
the length longer to Lower the frequency
of the Notch or shorter to Raise the
frequency of the Notch. Loosen the
Center Conductor with an Allen Wrench
and move it Deeper for a Lower
Frequency Notch or out for a Higher
Frequency Notch. These adjustments
must both be made to change the Notch
Frequency. Moving only the Center
Conductor or the Outer Conductor will
LX Series, Rev. 0
Inserting Inner Conductor Deeper - Notch
Frequency Down, Deeper Notch.
Inserting Less Inner Conductor - Notch
Frequency Up, Shallower Notch.
Tuning Bolt In - Notch Frequency Down.
Tuning Bolt Out - Notch Frequency Up.
Moving both Inner and Outer Conductors
to keep the Same Gap inside - Center
Frequency Moves, Notch Stays the Same.
After tuning has been completed, tighten
the Clamp and the Allen Screws that hold
the Conductors. Use the Fine Tuning
Bolts to bring the Frequency In. The
Final Tuning Adjustments should be
completed with the Transmitter driving
5-6
LX Series Power Amplifier Assembly
Chapter 5, Detailed Alignment Procedures
the Output Trap Filter for at least one
hour to allow for warm-up drift.
This completes the detailed alignment
procedures for the LX Series transmitter.
The Transmitter is ready for normal
operation.
If a problem occurred during the
alignment, help can be found by calling
Axcera field support at 724-873-8100.
LX Series, Rev. 0
5-7
APPENDIX A
LX SERIES
SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS
Innovator LX (Preliminary)
Low Power Transmitter 10W-6kW
Designed to provide broadcasters with a product that will meet their needs like
no other solution on the market, this new low to medium power transmitter
line uses the latest LDMOS devices for broadband operation across the entire
UHF band. This allows users to minimize spare parts stock, which is especially
important to group owners and networks, and also enables simple and
inexpensive channel changes.
The very compact and completely modular design uses a chassis/backplane
configuration with parallel amplifier and power supply modules that can be
removed and replaced while the transmitter is on the air. Additionally, the
Innovator LX series was designed to be field upgradable to digital operation.
Configurations are available in power levels from 10 watts to 6 kilowatts
analog and up to 3 kilowatts DTV, and all are manufactured in the USA by
Axcera - The RF Experts.
Innovator LX (Preliminary)
Low Power Transmitter 10W - 6kW
Visual Performance
Visual Performance (continued)
Frequency Range
470 to 806 MHz
Carrier Stability (Transmitters)
Standard
±1 kHz
Optional
±350 Hz
w/PFC
±1Hz
Frequency Translation Stability (Translators)
Standard
±1 kHz
Optional
±350 Hz
w/PFC
±1Hz
Regulation of RF Output Power
3%
Output Variation (Over 1 Frame)
2%
Sideband Response
-1.25 MHz and below
-20 dB
-0.75 to -0.5 MHz
+0.5 db, -2 dB
-0.5 to +3.58 MHz
±0.5 dB
+3.58 MHz to +4.18 MHz
+0.5, -1.0 dB
Freq Response vs. Brightness
±0.5 dB
Visual Modulation Capability
1%
Differential Gain
5%
Incidental Phase Modulation
±3°
Linearity (Low Frequency)
5%
Differential Phase
Signal-to-Noise Ratio
2t K-Factor
Noise Factor (Translators)
w/Input Preamp
Input Dynamic Range (Translators)
w/Input Preamp
Env. Delay (Transmitters)
Video Input (Transmitters)
Harmonics
Intermodulation Products
Spurious (›3 MHz from channel edge)
100W and lower
Greater than 100W
Aural Performance
Frequency Deviation Capability
(Transmitters)
Distortion
FM Noise
AM Noise
Aural to Visual Separation
±3°
55 dB
2%
5 dB (Max)
3 dB (Max)
-60 dB to
-15 dBm
-75 dBm
to -30 dBm
Per FCC Standard
75 ohms
(Loop through)
-60 dB or better
-52 dB or better
±75 kHz
0.5%
-60 dB
-55 dB
4.5 MHz
± 100Hz
Composite Audio Input (Multi-channel sound)
(Transmitters)
Input Level
1V peak,
nominal
75 ohms,
unbalanced
Input Impedance
Frequency Range
±0.1 dB response
±0.5 dB response
Monaural Audio Input (Transmitters)
Input Level
Input
-50dB or better
-60dB or better
Freq Range (±0.5 dB resp.)
Pre-emphasis
Subcarrier Input (Transmitters)
Input Level
Input Impedance
Freq Range (±0.5 dB resp.)
50 Hz to 50 kHz
30 Hz to 120 kHz
0 to +10 dBm
600 ohms,
balanced
30 Hz to 15 kHz
75µs
1V peak,
nominal
75 ohms,
unbalanced
20 kHz to
120 kHz
General
Model Number*
LU10Ax LU100Ax
LU250Ax
LU500Ax
LU1000Ax
LU2000Ax
LU3000Ax
LU4000Ax
LU5000Ax
LU6000Ax
Power Output (Watts)
Visual (Peak)
Aural (Avg.)
10
100
10
Output Connector
Power Consumption (Watts)
250
675
250
25
7/ ” EIA
1100
500
50
7/ ” EIA
1900
1000
100
7/ ” EIA
3500
2000
200
7/ ” EIA
6700
3000
300
31/8” EIA
10,250
4000
400
31/8” EIA
13,500
5000
500
31/8” EIA
16,700
6000
600
31/8” EIA
19,900
Input Power
Line Voltage (Volts)
Power Requirements
117/230 ±10%
Size (H x W x D)
230 ± 10%
Single Phase, 50 or 60 Hz
8.75”x19”x23”
55”x22”x34”
76”x22”x34”
76”x44”x34”
(Chassis Only)
Weight (lbs.)
45
45
340
360
Operational Temperature Range
400
550
700
1030
1180
1330
0 to +50°, derate 2°C/1000 ft.
Maximum Altitude 3
8500 feet (2600m) AMSL
Operational Humidity Range
0% to 95% non-condensing
RF Load Impedance
50 Ω
* For transmitters use “T” suffix, translators use “L” suffix (ex. LU100AT - 100W Transmitter)
Specifications published here are current as of the date of publication of this document. Because we are continuously improving our products, Axcera reserves the right to
change specifications without prior notice. At any time, you may verify product specifications by contacting our office. Axcera views it’s patent portfolio as an important
corporate asset and vigorously enforces its patents. Products or features contained herein may be covered by one or more U.S. or foreign patents.
0311R3
© 2003 AXCERA
All Rights Reserved
An Equal Opportunity Employer
A Platinum Equity Company
APPENDIX B
DRAWINGS AND PARTS LISTS
LX Series Power Amplifier Assembly
Appendix B, Drawings and Parts Lists
LX Series High Power System
LX Series System Transmitter Interconnect (5 kW)...............................1304278
LX Series System Typical Racking Plan (5kW) ......................................1304275
Chassis Assembly, Power Amplifier, LX Series
1 kW LX Series DC Harness Chassis/Airbox Interconnect ........................1303482
1 kW LX Series AC Harness Chassis/Airbox Interconnect ........................1303481
1 kW LX Series Coax Assembly Chassis/Airbox Interconnect ...................1303480
4 Way Splitter Module Assembly (Used with multiple Power Amplifier Assemblies)
Contains a 4 Way Splitter Board (1303234).
4 Way Splitter Board
Schematic ....................................................................................1303237
4 Way Combiner Module Assembly (Used with four Power Amplifier Assemblies)
4 Way Combiner Board Schematic .....................................................1303241
External Amplifier Signal Board, LX Series
Schematic ....................................................................................1303346
Visual/Aural Metering Board
Schematic .................................................................................1265-3309
Power Amplifier Assembly, 250 Watt, LX Series (Each Amplifier Assembly supplies
250 Watts)
Block Diagram................................................................................1303585
Interconnect.................................................................................1303510
Amplifier Control Board
Schematic ....................................................................................1301964
RF Module Pallet, Philips
Made from a RF Module Pallet w/o Transistors (1152336).
RF Module Pallet w/o Transistors
Schematic .................................................................. 51-5379-309-00 WSP
150 Watt UHF Driver Pallet Assembly
Schematic ....................................................................................1303171
2-Way Combiner Board Assembly
Schematic ....................................................................................1303211
UHF Phase/Gain Board
Schematic ....................................................................................1303216
Power Supply Assembly, 1 kW, LX Series (One Power Supply Assembly for two
Amplifier Assemblies)
Interconnect.................................................................................1303479
LX Series, Rev. 0
B-1

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