Wireless Seismic 00400 Base Station Unit User Manual

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RT 1000

Deployment Guide

January 25, 2011

R00.f

Part Number: 90-0004

When Real-time Matters

Wireless Seismic, Inc.

361 Centennial Parkway, Suite 230

Louisville, CO 80027

720.242.9916

Draft

To order additional copies of this document, send an email to your sales representative

requesting the following:

Part Number: 90-0004-PDF

Part Number: 90-0004-Paper

All other brands, company names, product names, trademarks or service marks referenced in this material are the

property of their respective owners, who may or may not be affiliated with, connected to, or sponsored by Wireless

Seismic, Inc.

Wireless Seismic, Inc.'s trademarks, registered trademarks or trade dress may not be used in connection with any

product or service that is not the property of Wireless Seismic, Inc., in any manner that is likely to cause confusion

among customers, or in any manner that disparages or discredits Wireless Seismic, Inc. The products and services

described in this material may not be available in all regions.

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RT 1000 v1.0 3 Deployment Guide R00.f

Table of Contents

Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

List of Figures 5

List of Tables 6

1. Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

1.1 About this Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

1.2 Who Should Use this Guide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

1.3 Other Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

1.4 Getting Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

2. Layout. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14

2.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

2.2 Mobilization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

2.2.1 Prerequisites. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

2.2.2 Getting Ready. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

2.3 At the Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

2.3.1 Set Up the Dog House . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

2.3.2 Laying Out the Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

2.3.2.1 Prerequisites. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

2.3.2.2 Placing the Equipment in the Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

2.3.2.2.1 WRU. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

2.3.2.2.2 BSU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

2.3.2.2.3 LTU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

2.3.2.2.4 Geophone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

3. Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17

3.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

3.2 Installing the Software. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

3.3 Upgrading the Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

3.4 Upgrading the Firmware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

4. Testing and Maintaining the Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18

4.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

4.2 Testing the Layout. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

4.2.1 Line Tests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

4.2.2 Source Control Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

4.2.3 Acquisition Parameter Testing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

4.2.4 Built-In-Self-Test (BIST) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

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Table of Contents

4.3 Maintaining the Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22

4.3.1 Units. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22

4.3.2 Antennas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22

4.3.3 Geophones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22

4.3.4 Cautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22

5. Rolling the Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

5.1 Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23

5.2 Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23

6. Demobilization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

6.1 Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24

6.2 Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24

7. Troubleshooting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

7.1 Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25

7.2 Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25

7.2.1 Ground Units: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25

7.2.2 Central Server: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26

7.2.3 Battery Charger: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26

7.2.4 Batteries: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26

7.3 LED Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27

8. Legal Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

8.1 FCC Rules and Regulations Compliance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29

Glossary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

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List of Figures

Figure 2–1 WRU..............................................................................................16

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6 RT 1000 v1.0 Deployment Guide R00.f

List of Tables

Table 1–1 Roles and Responsibilities ..................................................................7

Table 8–1 Antenna Specifications..................................................................... 29

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RT 1000 v1.0 7 Deployment Guide R00.f

Overview

1.1 About this Guide

This document provides information on how to deploy the RT 1000 in the field.

1.2 Who Should Use this Guide

The following table describes the typical seismic data acquisition users. The

expected users of this document are as follows:

Crew (Layout/Juggies)

Technician (LTU)

Troubleshooter

Bosses (Line Crew)

Table 1–1 Roles and Responsibilities

Role Responsibility

Bosses (Line Crew) Responsibilities:

• Supervise line crew personnel (juggies)

• Drive and maintain the trucks used to transport

personnel and equipment to and from field operations

• Co-ordinate crew members boarding and exiting

helicopters

• Arrange the safe and orderly transport of equipment.

Reports to:

• Coordinator (Staging)

NOTE: May occasionally visit the doghouse for clarification

of instructions or updates on line status.

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8 RT 1000 v1.0 Deployment Guide R00.f

Overview

Who Should Use this Guide

Coordinator (Staging Coordinator

/ Landing Zone (LZ) Coordinator) Responsibilities:

• Journey management of all vehicles (including

helicopters) and personnel to specific points within the

prospect

• Knowledge of all personnel in the prospect; knows when

anyone enters or leaves the prospect, and where they

go when they are there

• Ensures that ground electronics (bag drops) arrive at

the proper location

• Controls inventory and general maintenance of

equipment

• Maintains constant contact with the crew and recorder

• Oversees the testing of fresh equipment to be staged

for the next layout.

Reports to:

•TBD

NOTE: This role may be split in two, one person

coordinating helicopter operations, and the other

coordinating all line crew operations.

Coordinator (Survey) Responsibilities:

• Manages the survey crews. Survey work takes place in

advance of the seismic crew, sometimes weeks or even

months ahead of seismic crew mobilization.

• Attempts to flag or stake every point starting with the

planned receiver and source coordinates (delivered by

the Oil Company Geophysicist or Birddog)

• Adjusts flags or stakes when necessary based on

physical accessibility (whether or not a vibrator or drill

rig can get to a location), permitted corridor, and

archeological or wildlife exclusion zones

• Flags all access points and roads (in cooperation with

the Staging Coordinator)

• Delivers the actual coordinates to the Observer to be

loaded into the Central Recording System

• Provides updates to these coordinates during the project

if ground conditions or permit conditions change

• Ensures that the Central Recording System is configured

with the correct datum and projection information

Reports to:

•TBD

Crew (Layout/Juggies) Responsibilities:

• Lay out the ground electronics

• Pick up the ground electronics

Reports to:

•TBD

Table 1–1 Roles and Responsibilities (cont.)

Role Responsibility

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R00.f RT 1000 v1.0 Deployment Guide 9

Overview

Who Should Use this Guide

Crew (Source) Responsibilities:

• Operators drive the vibrator trucks

• Licensed shooters set off the dynamite

• All crew remain in constant voice and data

communication with the recorder during production

NOTE: The source on a land seismic survey is usually either

vibroseis or dynamite. Other source types such as

poulter charges, accelerated weight drops, or

shotguns may be used as well. One job may have

multiple source types due to access or permit

issues, such as steep slopes, masonry construction,

and so on.

Reports to:

•TBD

Drillers Responsibilities:

• Drill source holes

• May also load charge into the hole

Reports to:

•TBD

Geophysicist (Oil Company) Responsibilities:

• Survey design

• Budget

• Delivery of the final data to the Oil Company

• Makes final decisions on recording parameters with the

help of the Birddog

• Visits the field once or twice during the project

• Works closely with the Birddog to protect the interests

of the Oil Company

NOTE: The Geophysicist likely works on either an asset

team responsible for oil or gas production in the

field where the seismic shoot is taking place, or on a

technical team responsible for all the company’s

seismic activity.

Reports to:

•TBD

HSE Manager Responsibilities:

• Ensures the health and safety of every person on the

prospect

• Ensures there is minimal environmental impact

• Verifies that all environmental regulations are followed

• Maintains any medical facilities in the field, such as a

small first-response clinic or ambulance

• Visits the Doghouse infrequently

• Helps with the HSE component of the daily and final

reports

Reports to:

•TBD

Table 1–1 Roles and Responsibilities (cont.)

Role Responsibility

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10 RT 1000 v1.0 Deployment Guide R00.f

Overview

Who Should Use this Guide

Observer Responsibilities:

• Primary operator of the Central Recording System

• Works in the Doghouse full-time

• Coordinates all field activities during production

• Monitors the status of the ground electronics

• Organizes troubleshooting activities

• Performs daily and monthly equipment tests

• Controls source activation (vibrators, dynamite, and

others)

• Ensures the quality of the recorded data

• Documents the recording operations

• Determines, with the Staging Manager, which ground

electronics need to be laid out and picked up in advance

of or following source production

• Remains aware of contractual obligations and works

with the Crew to enforce them

Reports to:

•TBD

Observer (Junior/JO) Responsibilities:

• Usually an Observer-in-training, and will take over the

Observer’s role when the Observer is taking a break

• May also be the primary user of the voice radios in

coordinating the operations

• Works in the Doghouse nearly full-time

Reports to:

•TBD

Observer (Senior/SO) Responsibilities:

• Supervises overall seismic operations in the absence of

the Party Manager

Reports to:

•TBD

Office Clerk Responsibilities:

• Maintains an office in the hotel or camp

• Coordinates shipping to and from the field

• Coordinates data delivery

• Reports on deliveries

• Meets with the Party Manager, Observer, and HSE

manager at the end of each shift to provide detailed

information for daily reporting

Reports to:

•TBD

Table 1–1 Roles and Responsibilities (cont.)

Role Responsibility

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R00.f RT 1000 v1.0 Deployment Guide 11

Overview

Who Should Use this Guide

Oil Company representative

(Birddog) Responsibilities:

• Makes independent observations and reports directly to

the Oil Company, acting as oversight

• Ensures that the contract is followed and that the

seismic crew is always acting in the best interest of the

Oil Company

• A frequent visitor to the doghouse, keeps informed on

all HSE and production statistics by over-the-shoulder

observation of and conversations with the Observer

• Often walks the line to ensure that geophones are

properly coupled to the ground (planted), and ensures

that the Observer is performing regular Quality Control

(QC) of noise, leakage and geophone response (used to

detect bad plants).

Reports to:

• Oil Company

NOTE: The Birddog is either an employee of the Oil

Company or is contracted directly by the Oil

Company. He is often trained as a Geophysicist, and

has frequently worked as an Observer, surveyor, or

party chief in the past.

Party Manager / Party Chief Responsibilities:

• Leads the seismic crew; responsible for all operations

• Acts as the primary point of contact for the Birddog

• Maintains awareness of all HSE and data quality

activities

• Maintains focus on maximizing production and

minimizing costs

• A frequent visitor to the doghouse, keeps informed on

all HSE and production statistics by over-the-shoulder

observation of and conversations with the Observer

Reports to:

•TBD

Technician (LTU) Responsibilities:

• Builds and maintains the backhaul network using a

ruggedized laptop or tablet PC running the Hardened Rib

Application (HRA). This application has some of the

functionality of the CSS, but streamlined for use as a

troubleshooting tool.

• In frequent communication with the Doghouse

Reports to:

•TBD

Table 1–1 Roles and Responsibilities (cont.)

Role Responsibility

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12 RT 1000 v1.0 Deployment Guide R00.f

Overview

Other Documents

1.3 Other Documents

All RT 1000 documents are described in the RT 1000 Documents Guide (P/N 90-

0001).

1.4 Getting Help

To get help on the RT 1000 Central Recording System, consult the online help. You

can find the help documents by clicking the help icon in the user interface, or by

navigating to the following directory:

Directory Path TBD

To get help on the RT 1000 deployment, consult this document.

If you cannot find the answers you need, please contact Wireless Seismic, Inc.

Technical Support at:

361 Centennial Parkway, Suite 230

Louisville, CO 80027

(720) 242-9916

13100 Southwest Freeway, Suite 150

Sugar Land, TX 77478

(832) 532-5080

support@wirelessseismic.com

Technician (Vibrator) Responsibilities:

• Maintains the mechanical and electronic health of the

vibrators

• Visits the Doghouse at job startup to set up the source

controller communications and parameters

• Returns to the Doghouse as maintenance requires

Reports to:

•TBD

Troubleshooters Responsibilities:

• Frequently visits the Doghouse to obtain a

troubleshooting report (either printed or a file that can

be loaded to a GPS device), which contains line/station

numbers of failures as well as verbal instructions from

the Observer.

• Corrects ground equipment failures

Reports to:

•Observer

Table 1–1 Roles and Responsibilities (cont.)

Role Responsibility

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R00.f RT 1000 v1.0 Deployment Guide 13

Overview

Getting Help

Note:

Right now, a BSU is a standalone connection to a communication backhaul, power

over ethernet box, and battery.

Ideally, everything would be in one box called the LTU:

WSU

●BSU

●PoE

●Battery

●Backhaul Unit (mast)

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RT 1000 v1.0 14 Deployment Guide R00.f

Layout

2.1 Overview

This chapter describes how to prepare (mobilization) and layout (install) the

ground electronics.

2.2 Mobilization

2.2.1 Prerequisites

Define

Survey

Back haul plan

other?



2.2.2 Getting Ready

Possible topics for this section (basically collect all the pieces you need for the

job):

List of WS equipment:

●WRU

●LTU

●BSU

●Antennas

●Geophones

●Batteries

NOTE

Please refer to Table 8–1 Antenna Specifications, on page 29 for the list

of supported antennas. Use of accessories other than those specified in

this document is not supported or warrantied.

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R00.f RT 1000 v1.0 Deployment Guide 15

Layout

At the Site

►Charging batteries

–Charging Rack/# of batteries (10?)

–Charging Times

●Updating software in the central and ground units (maybe refer them to the

sw chapter).

List of non-WS equipment:

●Dog House

►power source (diesel, benzene or other type of fueled generator)

►heating, cooling and ventilation system

►antenna masts for voice radio, data telemetry, source control, and

possibly satellite phone and/or internet

►shock-mounted rack for PC, displays, servers, network devices, output

devices, etc.

►thermal plotter or equivalent

►desk, chairs, small refrigerator and coffeepot

●Safety equipment (vests, hard hats, etc.)

●Computer, Monitors, Keyboard, Mice, etc.

►Installing and testing interfaces

●HHU? Is there a hand-held unit? (not currently)

●Source controllers?

●Other 3rd party equipment?

●Shot equipment?

●Two-way radios

Preparing the equipment

Making any equipment modifications

Transporting equipment to the site

●Best practices

2.3 At the Site

Prepare the Dog House / CSS HW & SW while the units (sensors & WRUs) are

being placed in the field.

2.3.1 Set Up the Dog House

Set up the following in the dog house:

●Hardware

●Central Server (maybe refer them to the SW chapter)

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16 RT 1000 v1.0 Deployment Guide R00.f

Layout

At the Site

2.3.2 Laying Out the Equipment

2.3.2.1 Prerequisites

Define the prerequisites.

The RT 1000 shall be used with only the supplied antennas (Table 8–1 Antenna

Specifications, on page 29) attached to the WRU with an integrated type N male

connector.

The RT 1000 antennas shall be installed and handled by professionals

specifically designated for this purpose.

Changes or modifications not expressly approved by Wireless Seismic, Inc. can

void the users’s authority to operate the equipment.

2.3.2.2 Placing the Equipment in the Field

List each piece of equipment with photo and call outs.

2.3.2.2.1 WRU

2.3.2.2.2 BSU

2.3.2.2.3 LTU

2.3.2.2.4 Geophone

WARNING

In order to comply with FCC radio frequency (RF) exposure

requirements, the RT 1000 units must be installed so that a minimum

separation distance of 20 cm is maintained between the antenna(s) and

all persons at all times during normal operation.

TBD

Figure 2–1 WRU

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RT 1000 v1.0 17 Deployment Guide R00.f

Software

3.1 Overview

xxx

3.2 Installing the Software

xxx

3.3 Upgrading the Software

xxx

3.4 Upgrading the Firmware

xxx

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RT 1000 v1.0 18 Deployment Guide R00.f

Testing and Maintaining the

Equipment

4.1 Overview

xxx

4.2 Testing the Layout

xxx

the crew is doing roll-on, roll-off acquisition. This means that only part of the

patch, ten lines, needs to be ready in order to begin production

parameter testing, can begin as soon as one line is laid out, connected, and

tested

4.2.1 Line Tests

When the correct geometry has been applied to each WRU and the geometry

accuracy has been confirmed, the Observer will begin line testing. In the

warehouse before mobilization to the field the WRUs may have passed a series

of BISTs (built in self tests), but these will need to be repeated after

deployment. This can be done from the CSS, or can be done “ahead of the

recorder” using an HRA in troubleshooter mode. Possible BISTs:

• Equivalent Input Noise (EIN)

• Total harmonic Distortion (THD)

• Pulse

• Calibration

• Channel gain and phase error

WARNING

In order to comply with FCC radio frequency (RF) exposure

requirements, the RT 1000 units must be installed so that a minimum

separation distance of 20 cm is maintained between the antenna(s) and

all persons at all times during normal operation.

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R00.f RT 1000 v1.0 Deployment Guide 19

Testing and Maintaining the Equipment

Testing the Layout

• Spread noise

• Geophone analysis (TBD)

• Pulse

• DC ohms

• DC leakage

• RF health

o Number of retries per unit

o KB/sec ???

o Power deviation (looking for a high Tx power unit)

o Rib throughput acceptable/not

• GPS position/timing QC

These tests should all be repeated at the CSS as communications are established

with deployed nodes. In addition, the following tests should be conducted of the

backhaul communications:

• Backhaul network confirmation (LTU-to-LTU-to-CSS test)

• Backhaul connectivity confirmation (BSU-to-LTU-to-CSS test)

The WRU BISTs can be executed at any time. If run during recording, any tests on

the analog board or geophones will result in zero-ed data for the duration of the

test. This may be desirable if one or more WRUs have reported a problem resulting

in a skip-heal during high-productivity operations (skip-healing or self-healing is

covered in another document). Tests can also be run during a pause in recording,

or be sent to a queue to be automatically executed at the next pause in recording.

Test results are written to the database, and can then be printed or written to a

file, as in the case of delivering daily tests to the Birddog.

Each set of tests will be stored as a parameter set in the tree. The following matrix

illustrates WS’s recommendations for which tests should be run daily and monthly,

and which are parts of continuous system health monitoring

TBD

4.2.2 Source Control Tests

Seismic Source’s Universal Encoder (UE) is targeted to be the first source

controller to be fully integrated with the CSS software. It will be connected to the

CSS HW as part of an Ethernet LAN. The WS recording system shall support the

same source types and configurations as the UE, including dynamite, multiple

simultaneous vibrator fleets, and mixed source acquisition. When the shooters

and/or vibrator tech have readied their sources, the Observer will establish radio

contact, issue shooting commands, and investigate the content of the post-fire

message. Test shots should be recorded, and correct timing, geometry, and header

values should be confirmed. Further information on this workflow is found in the

Production section

Vibrator similarity tests demonstrate the relationship between planned the sweep

configured at the recorder and the measured ground force at the vibrator. This can

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20 RT 1000 v1.0 Deployment Guide R00.f

Testing and Maintaining the Equipment

Testing the Layout

be done over the source controller RF interface or when wired directly to the

source controller. Hardwired similarity tests are more accurate, and the results will

need to be compared to radio similarity tests. Similarity tests, as well as pulse

tests to confirm that vibrators are synchronized, will likely need to be conducted at

the beginning of the survey, and at sweep parameter changes. Radio similarities

are conducted more frequently, measuring and recording raw ground-force versus

time and phase versus time. Frequency of tests will be agreed to by the Oil

Company and Seismic Contractor prior to the start of the project.

Dynamite control testing is simpler than vibroseis. Timing between the source

controller and blaster pack can be verified using a storage scope. This is done by

hooking up one scope input to the encoder and the other to each decoder that is to

be used.

4.2.3 Acquisition Parameter Testing

For most surveys, except those where an Oil Company and/or seismic contractor

have extensive local experience, the Oil Company will conduct a series of

parameter tests. This will likely be under a separate pricing scheme in the

contract, and may take a half to several days. In some cases an advance crew will

be sent to an area to perform parameter testing. It may also take place with a

subset of the patch, for example only a single receiver line. The parameters to be

tested may include:

• Dynamite charge size

• Dynamite hole depth

• Dynamite hole array (number of holes and pattern)

• Vibrator array (number of vibrators and pattern)

• Vibrator sweep configuration

o Sweep length

For most surveys, except those where an Oil Company and/or seismic contractor

have extensive local experience, the Oil Company will conduct a series of

parameter tests. This will likely be under a separate pricing scheme in the

contract, and may take a half to several days. In some cases an advance crew will

be sent to an area to perform parameter testing. It may also take place with a

subset of the patch, for example only a single receiver line. The parameters to be

tested may include:

• Dynamite charge size

• Dynamite hole depth

• Dynamite hole array (number of holes and pattern)

• Vibrator array (number of vibrators and pattern)

• Vibrator sweep configuration

o Sweep length

Draft

R00.f RT 1000 v1.0 Deployment Guide 21

Testing and Maintaining the Equipment

Testing the Layout

You can record the parameter tests with one live receiver line while the layout

crews are continuing to work on the next nine lines. This way, the parameter

testing won’t consume any potential production time.

You can economize by combining some of the tests.

4.2.4 Built-In-Self-Test (BIST)

• A method will be provided for synchronizing tests across all WLSs

• Tests executed during deployment are for “go/no-go” purposes. The WRU will

perform low-resolution evaluations of deployment tests and indicate the result with

the battery LEDs. This is to save time and power and to reduce the effort required

to write high-resolution evaluation in the WRU

There will be tests to implement in 2 places. We plan a “go no-go” test at the WRU

that will be a simple calculation (not high precision) in order to assess if the

channels and geophones are good. This could be done by Alex or someone like

him. At the BSU application or LTU, the data for each of the test records (some

tests have several records) would be sent from the WRU and processed with

precision and the values for the tests calculated. I have someone that can write

this software. The main reason to do this is when the system is audited the data

and results for the same data, must be provided for analysis. If we do precision

calculations at the WRU it adds complexity and may increase processing

requirements

• Tests executed from the central system are for verifying the WRU specifications.

• WRUs will be commanded to execute internal and/or external tests. The data will

be returned to the base station (in early development) or to the central system for

high-resolution evaluation

Internal

During these tests the Geophone is disconnect electrically for the preamp. An

internal test oscillator (where appropriate) drives the WRU analog channel in order

to measure the characteristics of the Preamplifier and A/D. These tests should be

run prior to running the external tests.

• Equivalent Input Noise (EIN)

• Total Harmonic Distortion THD

• Pulse

Calibration

• Channel Gain error and Phase error

B. External

During these tests the geophone is connected to the preamplifier and test circuitry

for the purpose of measuring and characterizing the planted geophone. These

Draft

22 RT 1000 v1.0 Deployment Guide R00.f

Testing and Maintaining the Equipment

Maintaining the Equipment

tests should be run only after it is established that there are no problems with the

analog channel.

• Spread Noise

• Geophone analysis

• Pulse

• DC Ohms

• DC Leakage

4.3 Maintaining the Equipment

xxx

4.3.1 Units

4.3.2 Antennas

4.3.3 Geophones

4.3.4 Cautions

Draft

RT 1000 v1.0 23 Deployment Guide R00.f

Rolling the Line

5.1 Overview

xxx

5.2 Process

the crew is doing roll-on, roll-off acquisition. This means that only part of the

patch, ten lines, needs to be ready in order to begin production

Pickup and layout crews will be picking up lines behind production and laying

them out ahead of production. Depending on battery charge state, equipment

may circulate through staging or go directly from one line to the next.

In order to make most efficient use of layout crews, it is common to lay out

entire receiver lines at a time even if they are longer than the template. This

way crews don’t need to spend time walking or driving from one line to the

next picking up or laying out small amounts of equipment. However, if the size

of the survey is large and receivers per line multiplied by the number of lines

is larger than the number of channels available, it may be necessary to roll in

the inline direction. In this case, it is necessary to be able to pick up and lay

out WRUs in quantities smaller than a rib, for example increments of six WRUs.

During inline roll operations, it may be desirable to add newly deployed WRUs

to an existing (discovered) rib. The Observer can instruct the last WRU in a rib

to poll for neighbors during recording. Newly added WRUs can begin recording

immediately.

Draft

RT 1000 v1.0 24 Deployment Guide R00.f

Demobilization

6.1 Overview

xxx

6.2 Process

xxx

As soon as the Event Manager tool has determined that a WRU is no longer

needed at that location, it will change color on the basemap. The Observer will

need to consider the possibility of reshooting source points, which could

happen if some recording failure is discovered later. Assuming no such

reshoots, the Observer can undeploy the WRU or the entire rib. There will be

no detrimental effect to either the ground electronics or the CSS database if

the pick-up crew starts picking up the line before the Observer has undeployed

it (e.g. if the backhaul is interrupted), as long as the Observer manually

removes the picked-up WRUs from the deployed list at a later date. However,

the preferred procedure for accurate asset tracking is to deploy from the CSS

before physical pick-up.

Another option is for an LTU technician to undeploy a rib using the HRA while

connected into the LTU/BSU. This can only be done when the rib has finished

all recording operations. This requires that a message indicating which WRUs

have been undeployed be sent to the CSS after this action.

Undeployment user action in the CSS can be either from the basemap or from

a spreadsheet listing within the CSS application. An “are you sure” pop-up

should be considered, especially for large numbers of WRUs and certainly for

WRUs that haven’t been cleared by the Event Manager.

Once a WRU or rib is undeployed by the Observer through the CSS, it is up to

the staging manager to ensure the physical pickup and asset tracking of the

ground electronics. At the end of the project, the primary need the Observer

has of the CSS is to ensure that all positional and trace data has been stored,

backed up, and delivered properly. He will then need to power everything

down and secure all hardware for transport.

Draft

RT 1000 v1.0 25 Deployment Guide R00.f

Troubleshooting

7.1 Overview

xxx

7.2 Specifications

7.2.1 Ground Units:

●In summary, the unit must operate (from a power off condition) with an

internal temperature ranging from -50C to +85C. The box performance

specifications will be over the usual range of -40C to +70C.

●The system shall survive immersion in fresh or salt water (maximum of

5 m) for up to 1 day and still function to specification.

●The unit is not expected to operate at depth, but it should not corrode

when submersed with battery packs. If the unit is self buoyant it will

still be subjected to the test by forced submersion.

●The system shall survive a 2 meter drop onto ¾ inch plywood on

concrete on any surface of the unit.

●This is the standard used by seismic manufacturer. Units will throw to

the ground and into the back of trucks and they must be able to

withstand this kind of shock

●The system shall have a removable antenna and still maintain its water

seal with the antenna removed

●The system shall have removable desiccant packs inside enclosures

●The WRU shall meet all system requirements after being opened and

closed for repair or maintenance in 95% humidity, 38°C environments.

●The battery pack shall have a shelf life of 1 year before needing a

recharge

●A LI-Ion cell at about 60% to 80% charge level it should last at least 12

months when kept at 23°C. This will reduce to about 3 - 6 months at

40°C and 1 - 3 months at 60°C.

●The battery pack shall have minimum of 48 watt hours of capacity

Draft

26 RT 1000 v1.0 Deployment Guide R00.f

Troubleshooting

Specifications

●Battery must comply with runtime of unit. Two battery packs at minimum

capacity should run the system for the required time (at 25C?). A cold

temperature battery pack could be made available; for example, 8-10 cells.

7.2.2 Central Server:

●The central hardware shall have an operating range of 5°C to 55°C.

●The central hardware shall have adequate cooling to keep internal heat rise

within 5 degrees of ambient.

●The central hardware shall operate on AC voltage with an input range of 84

– 260 volts at 50 to 60 hertz.

●The central hardware shall be capable of operating in a dusty environment

●The central hardware shall be capable of connecting to an industry standard

source controller cable

●Prior to mobilization, the Observer will ensure that the installed CSS

revision is the most recent reliable version available. Unless needed to

replace major system error/defect, the system software should not be

updated during the Survey. In the event of a major recording system

failure, a complete instrument test will be run and operations are not to

resume until tests are approved by the Birddog.

7.2.3 Battery Charger:

●The battery charger shall operate on AC voltage with an input range of 84 –

260 volts at 50 to 60 hertz.

Some power conditioning may be required for use with generators.

●The battery charger shall have an operating range of 5°C to 55°C

●The battery charger module should be capable of running on a standard 20

amp breaker (@120 volts) with the charger fully loaded

7.2.4 Batteries:

●When two batteries are attached the WRU will choose the battery with the

lowest acceptable charge. This battery will be used until it is completely

discharged to a defined value then the WRU will switch ports and flash the

appropriate LEDs to notify the crew which battery is in use and which needs

to be replaced.

●When a second battery is not available, the WRU will discharge the battery

until the regulator can no longer supply proper voltage to the watchdog or

the battery pack protection circuit shuts off the battery at 2.8V

●If a battery is discharged to point the pack protection board shut the

battery off, the battery pack should be charged within two weeks of this

occurrence

Draft

R00.f RT 1000 v1.0 Deployment Guide 27

Troubleshooting

LED Chart

7.3 LED Chart

Insert the chart showing possible LED situations and what they mean.

Throughout the project, there will likely be intermittent problems with the ground

electronics. Failures can result from poor initial deployment, general wear and tear,

lighting strikes or other acts of god, livestock and wildlife, or vandalizing (or

curious) humans. When these problems must be solved physically, the Observer

will use troubleshooters. Battery replacements fall into this category as well, if only

an anomalous few need to be replaced within the spread.

The troubleshooters, as noted in the User Story section, will have quick

transportation (usually a mule or ATV), a collection of spares and tools, and a

reasonable level of technical skill and training. The Observer will provide him with

a printed list or file that can be loaded to a GPS. It will include:

• Location (X/Y and line/station)

• Faulty piece of equipment (geophone string, LTU/BSU, WRU)

• Nature of problem (GPS failed, dead battery)

• Prioritization

As each issue is addressed, the troubleshooter will communicate the action to the

Observer. At any point after this communication, the Observer will want to issue a

command to the WRU in question, such as battery or geophone test. This can be

issued immediately, tests that involve the analog circuit will result in zero-ed data

from that WRU for as long as the test takes. It can also be sent to a queue, where

the command is sent automatically when there is a pause in production. This is a

part of the event management tool. This queue also handles duty cycle issues-

where a WRU power state requires commands to wait for a particular interval.

When a WRU has failed, the rib will automatically skip-heal. This means that

adjacent WRUs will communicate around the dead WRU, so that recording can

continue uninterrupted. If a troubleshooter replaces or repairs the WRU, re-

creation of the rib can only happen when production is paused. This can be done

on command, or can be queued as with other testing commands.

In addition to troubleshooting reports, the Observer will be able to generate a

battery report. This will contain all health information about any battery that has

sent data to the CSS. Indexed by line/station or serial number, it will report the

number of charge cycles, current charge state, and any other available statistics.

Troubleshooting

• All troubleshooting functions will be performed in the active and not the

acquiring state

• The units must be commanded to stop sending seismic data; however the cycle-

mode will remain active to facilitate the troubleshooting process.

Draft

28 RT 1000 v1.0 Deployment Guide R00.f

Troubleshooting

LED Chart

• The CRA will contain functions that can be used with a BSU to perform the

following on demand tests:

o No GPS position

Position is invalid because not enough satellites were acquired. This should only

need to be done at initial WLS discovery. GPS should not be turned on when

analog is on. Operator should be able to turn on the GPS receiver for a specified

time. If no position can be determined then the operator should be able to review

the neighbor information to determine the unit’s line and station and manually set

it in the application.

o WRU replacement (user initiated)

A unit may need to be replaced for any number of reasons determined by the

operator. The uplink and downlink neighbor of the unit being replaced would be

told that its neighbor is being changed and it (downlink unit) should be sent an

undeploy command by serial number. Once the replacement WRU has been

changed, this unit should be activated by troubleshooter and it will execute the self

and neighbor discovery process. The uplink and downlink neighbors of the

replacement WRU should perform a WLS discovery with the new unit and add it to

the list of units in WLS.

o Geophone troubleshooting

This is a case where a geophone has been identified as bad and there is a

troubleshooter at the unit. Select the units and perform any geophone test

available. These tests can be run as a suite or individually. The units) would need

to be told to turn on analog power and would begin to send data to CRA for

analysis. For more detail on analyzing test data see “WRU built in self tests”.

o Battery management

This test when a battery is to be replaced and tested to verify that it is a good

battery. Select the unit and request battery status the WRU. Display data for both

batteries if present.

o Analog channel evaluation

This test is performed when a geophone has been replaced with a new one and

test is still bad. Run the internal tests to determine if the channel is bad and the

WRU needs to be replaced. These tests can be run as a suite or individually. The

units) would need to be told to turn on analog power and would begin to send data

to CRA for analysis. For more detail on analyzing test data see “WRU built in self

tests”.

o Deployment test with tolerance parameters on demand

In the active state, propagate a command downlink in the heartbeat to an

individual WRU to run the go-no-go test suite with a specified tolerance and

indicate on LEDs test results and report pass/fail to the WS manager in next

heartbeat.

Note special care will have to be taken with tilt switches during battery

replacement. A user-gesture may be used to assist this process.

Draft

RT 1000 v1.0 29 Deployment Guide R00.f

Legal Information

8.1 FCC Rules and Regulations Compliance

The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulates the use of antennas

in the “Code of Federal Regulations – Title 47, Part 15 – Radio Frequency

Devices, Subpart C – Intentional Radiators, Section 15.203 Antenna

Requirement.”

When used as intended, the RT 1000 complies with FCC Section 15.203

requirements as follows:

The RT 1000 antennas shall be installed and handled by professionals

specifically designated for this purpose.

Changes or modifications not expressly approved by Wireless Seismic, Inc.

can void the users’s authority to operate the equipment.

The RT 1000 shall be used with only the supplied antennas (Table 8–1)

attached to the WRU with an integrated type N male connector.

NOTE

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for

a Class A digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These

limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful

interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial

environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio

frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the

instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio

communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is

likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be

required to correct the interference at his own expense.

Table 8–1 Antenna Specifications

Model Frequency

(MHz) Gain Vertical

Bandwidth Weight Dimension

(Length x

Diameter)

WSI 65-0023 2400-2485 5 dBi 25º 0.5 lbs

0.2 kg 12 x 0.6 in

355 x 15 mm

WSI 6060-001-01 2400-2485 7 dBi 18° 0.6 lbs

0.3 kg 21 x 0.6 in

540 x 15 mm

Draft

30 RT 1000 v1.0 Deployment Guide R00.f

Legal Information

FCC Rules and Regulations Compliance

WSI 65-0025 2400-2485 2 dBi @ 2.4 120° 1.6 oz

45.4 g 7.6 x 0.5 in

193 x 12.7 mm

Table 8–1 Antenna Specifications (cont.)

Model Frequency

(MHz) Gain Vertical

Bandwidth Weight Dimension

(Length x

Diameter)

WARNING

In order to comply with FCC radio frequency (RF) exposure

requirements, the RT 1000 units must be installed so that a minimum

separation distance of 20 cm is maintained between the antenna(s) and

all persons at all times during normal operation.

Draft

RT 1000 v1.0 31 Deployment Guide R00.f

Glossary

channels/line 288

channels/patch 4608

crossline size 52800 ft

inline size 31680 ft

lines/patch 16

describe the shooting template

the number of lines that should be live

max inline offset 13200 ft

The “max inline offset” is the longest raypath, or lateral distance

between source and receiver, desired for the imaging target. This

describes half the inline (receiver line) length of the recording

template.

receiver interval 110 ft

describe the basic geometry of the points on the ground- the

spacing of points on a line and the spacing of the lines

themselves

receiver line interval 1650 ft

describe the basic geometry of the points on the ground- the

spacing of points on a line and the spacing of the lines

themselves

receiver lines 32

roll-on / roll-off 10 lines

source interval 220 ft

describe the basic geometry of the points on the ground- the

spacing of points on a line and the spacing of the lines

themselves

Draft

32 RT 1000 v1.0 Deployment Guide R00.f

Glossary

source line interval 1760 ft

describe the basic geometry of the points on the ground- the

spacing of points on a line and the spacing of the lines

themselves

source lines 18

swath width 3 lines

describe the shooting template

the number of continuous source points that will be shot into a

live patch

swath width of three lines means that three receiver line’s worth

of source points will be shot before the source crews move down

the receiver line and continue the other direction on the next

source line

Draft

RT 1000 v1.0 33 Deployment Guide R00.f

Index

antenna

specifications 29

antennas 29

birddog 11

bosses

line crew 7

contact 12

coordinator

landing zone 8

staging 8

survey 8

crew

juggies 8

layout 7, 8

source 9

documents 12

drillers 9

FCC 29

Section 15.203 29

geophysicist

oil company 9

help 12

HSEmanager 9

JO 10

juggies 7

LZ Coordinator 8

modifications 29

observer 10

junior 10

senior 10

office clerk 10

oil Company representative 11

party

chief 11

manager 11

SO 10

specifications

antenna 29

supported

antennas 29

technician

LTU 7, 11

vibrator 12

troubleshooter 7

troubleshooters 12

users 7

Draft

Index

34 RT 1000 v1.0 Deployment Guide R00.f

Wireless Seismic 00400 Base Station Unit User Manual

Wireless Seismic, Inc. Base Station Unit Users Manual

Users Manual

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