YDI Wireless 2458-AL Wireless LAN User Manual CA2458 v2 6 color

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0
DESCRIPTION ..................................................................................................................................................1
2.0
CONVERTER (ODU) FEATURES..................................................................................................................2
3.0
OUTDOOR UNIT SPECIFICATIONS............................................................................................................4
4.0
CONVERTER KIT ............................................................................................................................................5
5.0
INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS -- INTRODUCTION............................................................................5
6.0
RADIO FREQUENCY SAFETY......................................................................................................................6
7.0
SITE SELECTION AND SYSTEM ENGINEERING ....................................................................................6
8.0
OUTDOOR CONVERTER MOUNTING .......................................................................................................7
9.0
DC INJECTOR INSTALLATION .................................................................................................................. 7
10.0 TYPICAL ODU INSTALLATION..................................................................................................................8
11.0 LINK TEST PERFORMANCE .......................................................................................................................8
12.0 INSTALLATION DETAILS – TYPICAL INSTALLATION.......................................................................8
13.0 CONVERTER INDICATORS AND CONNECTORS ................................................................................10
14.0 DC POWER INJECTOR................................................................................................................................10
15.0 DC POWER INJECTOR INDICATORS AND CONNECTORS ..............................................................11
16.0 POWER SUPPLY ...........................................................................................................................................11
17.0 OPERATION...................................................................................................................................................12
APPENDIX A ............................................................................................................................................................13
APPENDIX B.............................................................................................................................................................14
APPENDIX C ............................................................................................................................................................16
© 2002 Young Design, Inc. All Rights Reserved. No part or parts of this document may be
reproduced, translated, stored in any electronic retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any
means electronic, mechanical, photocopied, recorded or otherwise without prior written permission of
Young Design, Inc.
Professional Installation Required
The Model CA2458 Converter/Amplifier, WLAN radio card, antenna, cables and
accessories must be installed as a system by experienced antenna installation
professionals who are familiar with Radio Frequency (RF) issues such as gains and
losses, as well as local building and safety codes. Failure to do so will void the
product warranty and may expose the end user to excessive RF hazard.
Regulations regarding maximum antenna gains, power output and maximum
permissible exposure vary from country to country. It is the responsibility of the end
user to operate within the limits of these regulations and to ensure that the
professional installers who install this device are aware of these regulations. All
antennas are intended to be installed outdoors.
FCC NOTICE
To comply with FCC part 15 rules, the CA2458 Converter/Amplifier must only be
used as a system as FCC certified. The system must also be professionally installed
to ensure compliance with the Part 15 certification. It is the responsibility of the
operator and professional installer to ensure that only certified systems are deployed
in the United States (or where FCC rules apply). Further, pursuant to FCC Part 15
regulations, Section 15.247(b)(3)(iii), the installer must ensure that the high-gain
directional antenna used in this system is used exclusively for fixed, point-to-point
operations and that multiple co-located intentional radiators transmitting the same
information are not used. Please visit our web site (www.ydi.com) to see other YDI
systems certified by the FCC.
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules. Operation is subject to the
following two conditions:
1) This device may not cause harmful interference.
2) This device must accept any interference received, including interference that
may cause undesired operation.
SAFETY WARNING
This equipment complies with FCC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled
environment when installed as directed. This equipment should be installed and operated
with fix-mounted antennas that are installed such that the main lobe(s) of these antennas are
located at a minimum of 2 meters between the antenna and all persons during normal
operation
ii
LIMITED WARRANTY
Young Design, Inc. (YDI) warrants that your device is free of defects in material and
workmanship for a period of one year after initial purchase. YDI will, in this period, repair or
replace any YDI product returned to the factory, freight prepaid.
The YDI warranty covers repairs or replacement (at YDI’s option) of the product only. YDI is
not responsible for the cost of removal, reinstallation or shipping to the place of repair. YDI
does not extend or modify its warranty period as a result of repair or replacement.
YDI reserves the right to void a warranty and/or make reasonable charges for repair of a unit
if the warranty seal is broken or the unit displays evidence of misuse, abuse or tampering.
YDI is not responsible for damage to any other equipment or property, or any other
consequential or incidental damages of any kind, whether based on contract, negligence or
strict liability. Maximum liability shall not in any case exceed the purchase price of the unit.
Warranties give you (the buyer) specific legal rights. You may also have other rights that vary
from state to state. This warranty is only extended to purchases made in the United States of
America or its possessions.
Special Warranty Notice
The CA2458 Converter/Amplifier warranty is null and void if any of the following occurs:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
The Converter or WLAN card are opened.
The Converter or any part of the system is installed improperly.
The Converter is operated with no antenna attached.
The Converter is over-driven or operated with no antenna attached while transmitting.
The Converter is operated outside the recommended DC power.
The antenna connections are not properly waterproofed.
The installers use improper connectors.
iii
Installation and Operation Manual
CA2458 Converter/Amplifier System
1.0
Description
The CA2458 Converter/Amplifier system is a bi-directional wireless data link operating
in the 5.8 GHz band. It makes use of existing 802.11b wireless technology up-converted
to the 5.8 GHz unlicensed band. The system consists of an 802.11b wireless LAN card,
a 5.8 GHz frequency block converter (the outdoor unit or ODU), antennas and
accessories.
The CA2458 Converter/Amplifier (Converter or CA2458) outdoor unit provides bidirectional linear frequency block conversion (translation) from the 2.4 GHz band to the
5.8 GHz band. As a system, it allows the use of existing 2.4 GHz WLAN equipment on
the 5.8 GHz band. The Local Oscillator (LO) operates at 3.328 GHz. This means a
2.412 GHz signal will go out over the air at 5.740 GHz. Currently, the 5.8 GHz band
provides relief from interference that is present on 2.4 GHz in many geographic areas
and also allows the use of this band for backbone or backhaul use.
All functions of the CA2458 ODU are transparent to the user. No adjustments of any
kind are required. Channel assignment and network set-up are both performed at the
radio card (or access point).
Installation of the CA2458 requires outdoor mounting of the Converter (at the antenna)
and indoor installation of the WLAN card, DC Injector and power supply. Coaxial cable
carries both DC power and the RF signal from the DC Injector to the Converter. All
signals passing between the DC injector and Converter are at a frequency of 2.4 GHz to
minimize cable attenuation.
2.0
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Converter (ODU) Features
Transmit input levels from +3 dBm to +10 dBm
14 dB transmitter conversion power gain
12 dB receive conversion gain
RX preamp noise figure 4.5 dB (typical)
Mast mounted weatherproof cast aluminum case
DC power carried up through the transmission cable
Power and transmit LEDs on both the Converter and the DC Power Injector
Built-in lightning protection
DC surge protection
Heavy duty N-type connectors
One-year warranty
Made in the U.S.A
Converter/Amplifier System
3.0
Outdoor Unit Specifications
General Specifications
Operating
Range:
LO Frequency:
At radio port: 2400-2483 MHz
At antenna port: 5725-5850 MHz
3328 MHz
Operating Mode: Bi-directional, half-duplex. Senses RF carrier from transmitter and automatically
switches from receive to transmit mode.
Connectors:
Indicators:
Lightning Protection:
N-female
TX and RX LEDs on both the Converter and the DC power injector
Direct DC ground at antenna connector. DC injector serves as lightning arrestor if
properly grounded.
Transmitter Amplifier
DC Surge Protection:
600 Watt TVS at 15 VDC input from transmission cable
Transmit
Conversion
Gain:
14 dB typical
Frequency
Response:
+/-1.5 dB over operating range
Transmit Output
Power:
250 mW typical for optimum linearity
TX Duty Cycle:
50% Maximum
Transmit Input
+3 dBm to +8 dBm for optimum linearity
Power at
Converter:
+20 dBm absolute maximum for no damage
Receiver Low Noise Amplifier (LNA)
Conversion
Gain:
Frequency
Response:
Noise Figure:
12 dB typical
+/-3 dB over operating range
4.5 dB typical, 6.0 dB max at room temperature
Mechanical, Power and Environmental
Operating
Temperature:
Dimensions:
-20 deg C to +60 deg C
Converter/Amplifier:
6.95” x 3.14” x 2.24 ”
DC Power injector:
5.4” X 2.4” X 1.3 ”
Power:
100 to 240 VAC when using the power supply provided
- or 13.8 to 15 VDC @ 1.3 Amp peak.
Note: DC power supply must be rated at least 2 amps.
Outdoor
Mounting
Bracket:
Kit Weight:
4.0
Accommodates pole/mast diameters from 3/4” to 3”
Approx. 3.5 lb. with U-bolts
Converter Kit
Each CA2458 Converter kit contains the following:
•
•
•
•
•
•
5.0
Pole mounted CA2458 Converter/Amplifier Outdoor Unit
DC Power Injector
15 VDC Power Supply, 100 to 240 VAC
Mounting U-bolt with nuts and lock washers
Installation and Operation Manual
YDI Diamond WLAN card and adapter cable (purchased together or separately)
Installation Instructions -- Introduction
Several key factors unique to the particular installation determine the power level at the
input of the Converter/Amplifier ODU. The most important consideration is the cable
loss in the transmission cable between the radio and the remotely mounted
Converter/Amplifier. It is imperative that the professional installer be
knowledgeable about these and other factors when installing the system.
IMPORTANT: It is vital that the Converter not be over-driven in the transmit mode.
Doing so will cause it to go into compression resulting in increased
transmitter noise and severe interference to adjacent channels
without any increase in range or Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR).
IMPORTANT: If you or your installer are not familiar with determining power levels
within the transmission system, YDI engineers will assist you in
planning your system including selecting the cable and antenna
required.
6.0
Radio Frequency Safety
It is the responsibility of the installer and the owner of the equipment to ensure that
the installation complies with government standards for Radio Frequency (RF) and
Electromagnetic Field exposure.
Please refer to OET Bulletin 65, “Evaluating Compliance with FCC Guidelines for
Human Exposure to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields.” This document is
available on the Federal Communications Commission website at www.fcc.gov .
7.0
Site Selection and System Engineering
Selection of a site and proper system engineering are vital for a successful
installation of the system. The following are general guidelines to follow for proper
operation:
•
•
•
•
The radio path must provide line of sight with no obstruction or Fresnel Zone
incursion.
Antenna polarization must be the same on both ends of the link.
A path analysis must be performed to ensure that the correct antenna gains have
been selected.
The System Operating Margin must be maintained at a level above 14 dB.
Several types of system calculations may be performed on-line at the YDI
website. Please visit www.ydi.com and click on Calculations Page. For
additional technical support, please call (703) 205-0600.
8.0
Outdoor Unit Mounting
The Converter can be mast mounted using the steel U-bolt included with the unit.
Refer to Section 12.0 of this manual, Installation Detail - Typical Installation, for a
cabling diagram. The Converter must be installed with the N-type connectors facing
downward. Use an open-end wrench to tighten the bolts with the nuts included in the
kit. Be careful not to over-tighten the bolts.
It is imperative to waterproof the RF connectors on the Converter. However, we
recommend that you do not seal the connectors until after all system tests have been
performed. Ensure that a high quality weather resistant electrical tape and/or other
water sealant method is used. A “drip loop” should be used on the coaxial cable
where it enters the building. Silicon sealants are not recommended since they are
difficult to work with, do not ensure a 100% waterproofing of the connectors and are
hard to remove if ever necessary.
The antenna and Converter must be mounted as far away as possible from other
radio transmitters, regardless of their frequency range. There must be no
obstructions in front of the antenna or in the antenna Fresnel Zone.
A good ground connection must be established. If the mast and/or tower are
properly grounded, an adequate ground connection will be provided by the
Converter’s mounting bracket. If additional grounding is desired, a cable grounding
kit should be used where the coax cable enters the building.
NOTE: Do not add any additional lightning protection between the DC Injector
and the Converter. It will block or short the DC power going to the
Converter.
9.0
DC Injector Installation
The DC injector mounting location is not critical, but it must be located indoors as it
is not weatherproof. Attach the DC injector to a flat surface using screws or bolts
through the mounting flanges. Use only the supplied DC power supply or a well
regulated 15-volt supply with a current rating of at least 2.0 Amperes.
It is important to provide a good ground for protection against lightning and surges.
Connect a #12 AWG or larger ground wire to the ground stud on the DC injector.
10.0 Typical ODU Installation
The picture to the left shows the Converter in a
typical installation with a 2-foot dish antenna. The
Converter should connect to the antenna with the
shortest possible cable. The location on the mast
where it is mounted is not important, provided that
the connectors face downward. (Note that when
this picture was taken, the connectors were not
yet weather proofed nor was the cable secured to
the mast.).
The cable connecting the Converter to the
antenna should not exceed 2 feet in length if
LMR400 cable is used.
In addition, there is no need to plug or fill any of
the holes on the back of the Converter enclosure.
The housing is designed so that these holes do
not penetrate the inside of the waterproof seal.
If the tower or mast is adequately grounded and the U-bolt makes a good electrical
connection to it, there is no need to provide additional grounding to the amplifier
enclosure.
11.0 Link Test Performance
Link tests were performed at 18 miles with a clear line of sight and Fresnel Zone. A
Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) in excess of 20dB was achieved. The test was set up
according to the Installation Details diagram in Section 12.0 using the following
equipment:
•
•
•
•
•
•
ORiNOCO ROR
YDI Diamond WLAN Card
RF Adapter Cable (LUNM)
CA2458 Converter/Amplifier
75 feet of LMR400 cable between the DC Injector and the Converter
2-foot Dish Antennas with 27dBi gain
12.0 Installation Details – Typical Installation
The following diagram on page 10 illustrates the installation details of the Converter.
9
13.0 Converter Indicators and Connectors
CAUTION:
Only use high quality N-type connectors. Do not use
PL259 “CB” type UHF connectors. Doing so will ruin the
N-Female jacks and void your warranty.
Transmit
LED:
This LED glows RED when the Converter has switched to
the transmit mode. This occurs when the Converter
detects RF power at the N-type connector labeled “To DC
Injector”.
Receive
LED:
This LED glows GREEN in the receive mode when DC
power is applied to the Converter/Amplifier. It is turned off
when the Converter is in the transmitting mode.
DC Injector
Connection:
This N-type female connector attaches to the DC Power
Injector via the transmission cable. The length of this
cable will determine the type of cable that should be used.
See the Installation Detail diagram in Section 12.0 and
Appendix B, Table B for more information.
Antenna
Connection:
This N-type female connector attaches to the antenna with
the shortest length of low-loss coax cable possible.
14.0 DC Power Injector
A DC Power Injector is an in-line device that “injects” the DC power onto the coax
cable to provide the power necessary to operate the remotely mounted converter/
amplifier. The DC Power Injector is the interface between the WLAN card and the
Outdoor Unit. This allows the coax cable to carry both RF signals and DC power to
the mast-mounted Converter/Amplifier. This precludes the need to run a separate
power cable to the remote mounted Converter/Amplifier.
When grounded to either an earth ground through the grounding stud or mounting
flange, the DC Power Injector will provide maximum lightning protection to your
radio modem, wireless LAN card or Access Point.
10
15.0 DC Power Injector Indicators and Connectors
Red Transmit LED:
This LED glows RED when the Converter goes into transmit
mode. The Remote Transmit LED is controlled by unique
circuitry, which actually detects changes in the DC current
traveling through the transmission line to the amplifier. When you
see this LED flash, you will know that the remotely mounted
Converter is going into transmit mode.
Green Receive
LED:
This LED glows GREEN when DC power is applied to the
Converter and it is in the receive mode. When toggling between
transmit and receive, this LED will glow slightly dimmer.
“To Radio”
Connection:
“To Amplifier”
Connection:
15 VDC:
This N-type female connector attaches to the WLAN card via a
short jumper cable.
This N-type female connector attaches to the amplifier on the
mast using the coax transmission line.
This is the DC power input for the injector and is a standard 2.5
mm barrel jack. +15 VDC should be applied with center positive.
16.0 Power Supply
The CA2458 Converter/Amplifier kit comes with a 100 - 240 VAC power supply that
has a standard 2.5 mm barrel plug [center pin positive (+) tip and outer ring
negative (-)]. Although normally supplied with a power supply, any 15 Volt DC, 2
amp (or greater) regulated power supply can be used. The Converter can operate
from 13.8 to 15 VDC enabling vehicle operation as well. The WLAN card receives
power from its host device.
The DC power input is diode protected to prevent damage caused by reverse
polarity input voltages, as well as by an MOV (surge protector) to protect it and
the amp from voltage surges.
11
17.0 Operation
The system operates automatically and requires no user adjustments. It
translates 2.4 GHz signals by 3.328 GHz to and from the 5.7- 5.8 GHz band. For
example, a 2.462 GHz signal will go out over the air at 5.790 GHz (See
Conversion Table below).
Conversion Table
802.11
Channel
10
11
12
13
2.4 GHz
Freq. (MHz)
2412
2417
2422
2427
2432
2437
2442
2447
2452
2457
2462
2467
2472
5.8 GHz
Freq. (MHz)
5740
5745
5750
5755
5760
5765
5770
5775
5780
5785
5790
5795
5800
The Converter ODU is only intended for use with 2.4 GHz devices that alternate
between transmit and receive on the same radio channel. These are referred to as
Time Division Multiplex (TDM) devices. A typical example is an 802.11 WLAN card
or Access Point. These modems “ping-pong” back and forth between transmit and
receive so quickly during normal operation that both the TX and RX LEDs will
appear to be lit simultaneously. You can approximate the duty cycle from the LEDs
by their brightness.
The Converter ODU will not work with radio modems or wireless bridges that are
band-split true full duplex devices. Presently the ODU is only certified with the YDI
Diamond WLAN card as a system.
The Converter provides for linear amplification for transmit output powers up to +24
dBm (250 mW). This is important for Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS)
radios, especially 802.11 devices. If you drive the Converter in excess of 250mW
output power, the amplifier will start to go into compression. This will result in raising
the sidebands and thus create interference on adjacent radio channels.
NOTE: Remember that all signals passing between the WLAN card and Converter
ODU are at a frequency of 2.4 GHz. Cable calculation must be performed using 2.4
GHz attenuation values.
12
APPENDIX A
Table A - Conversions from dBm to Watts
dBm
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Watts
1.0 mW
1.3 mW
1.6 mW
2.0 mW
2.5 mW
3.2 mW
4.0 mW
5.0 mW
6 mW
8 mW
10 mW
13 mW
16 mW
20 mW
25 mW
32 mW
40 mW
50 mW
64 mW
80 mW
100 mW
128 mW
160 mW
200 mW
250 mW
320 mW
dBm
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
60
Watts
400 mW
500 mW
640 mW
800 mW
1.0 W
1.3 W
1.6 W
2.0 W
2.5 W
3.0 W
4.0 W
5.0 W
6.0 W
8.0 W
10 W
13 W
16 W
20 W
25 W
32 W
40 W
50 W
64 W
80 W
100 W
1000 W
Table B - Typical Cable Attenuation Values*
Cable Type
Attenuation per 100 ft.
at 2.4 GHz (dB)
Belden 9913
LMR 200
LMR 240
LMR 400
LMR 600
½” LDF
½” Superflex
3/8” LDF
3/8” Superflex
1/4” Superflex
8.0
16.8
12.9
6.9
4.4
3.9
6.1
5.9
6.8
9.8
* Values are approximate. Consult the cable manufacturers for exact specifications.
13
APPENDIX B
FCC Certified Systems
FCC ID#: NM5-2458-AL
(long card with internal antenna)
FCC Certified Systems consist of:
•
CA2458 Converter/Amplifier, DC power injector and 15 VDC power supply
YDI Diamond/Emerald/Agere WLAN card
Outdoor antenna
Coax cable
Consult the YDI website for the most current product and certification information.
www.ydi.com
•
•
•
Table A - Authorized Antennas
Model
Antenna Type
Antenna
Gain
(dBi)
Max
EIRP
(dBm)
MPE
Distance
(CM)
A5.8FP23
One foot flat panel
24
48
71
A5.8FP27
Two foot flat panel
27
51
90
A5.8-1’
One foot dish
24
48
71
A5.8-2’
Two foot dish
27
51
71
A5.8HP90-15
90° sector antenna
16
40
25
NOTE:
1.
2.
MPE distance figures are based on a conservative “worst case” scenario, i.e. +24 dBm into antenna using
formula S=EIRP/(4πR²) and no calculation for duty factor. In practice the minimum distance will be much
shorter.
The minimum MPE distance has been calculated for the maximum allowed
Power Density (S) limit of 1.0 mW/cm2 in the Frequency range 1,500-100,000 MHz uncontrolled
environments (See Reference 2.).
References:
1.
2.
3.
FCC Part 15, sub-clause 15.247(b)(4)
FCC OET Bulletin 65, edition 97-01
FCC Supplement C to OET Bulletin 65, edition 97-01
14
APPENDIX B (Continued)
Table B - Authorized Cables with Minimum Lengths
Cable Type
Minimum Length
Maximum
Recommended
Lengths
RG58/U
LMR195
25 feet
40 feet
LMR200
30 feet
50 feet
LMR240
40 feet
65 feet
LMR400
75 feet
100 feet
LMR500
90 feet
150 feet
LMR600
120 feet
175 feet
LMR900
150 feet
275 feet
LMR1200
200 feet
375 feet
LMR1700
300 feet
500 feet
NOTE: This table is for reference only. In order to comply with FCC Part 15 Certification,
the installer must insure that actual coax cable used between the radio and the
Converter/Amplifier has at least 5 dB of insertion loss.
CAUTION: The transmit input power to the remote mounted converter must be limited to 10
dBm or less to prevent the Converter/Amplifier from going into compression.
15
APPENDIX C
Calculating Transmit Power
The following information explains how to calculate the input and output power to and from the Converter:
1.
2.
Using Appendix A, Table A, convert the output power of the radio device from milliWatts to dBm.
The Model CA2458 Converter ODU is optimized to work with input powers between +3 dBm and
+8 dBm.
Calculate the cable attenuation at 2.4 GHz as follows:
Determine the attenuation for the length of your cable at 2.4 GHz. Use the cable manufacturer’s
specifications or, for convenience, refer to Table B for typical values. For example, Table B
shows that typical attenuation for LMR-400 is about 7 dB per 100 foot at 2.4 GHz. Add 2 dB of
misc. loss for connector, adapter cable and DC injector. Subtract total attenuation from the
radio’s transmit power.
3.
Calculate the maximum power that can be expected at the Converter when mounted on the pole
as follows:
WLAN card output (dBm) - Cable loss (dB) - Misc. Loss =
Signal level @ CA2458 input (dBm)
For example, a radio with +15 dBm output and 75 feet of LMR400 (about 5 dB of loss) would
have the following input level to the converter/amplifier:
+15 dBm – 5 dB – 2 dB = +8 dBm
If the input to the Converter exceeds +10 dBm by your calculations, an attenuator pad or a
longer/higher loss coax cable will be necessary between the WLAN card and the DC injector.
Alternatively, a special version of the Converter may be obtained from YDI that will accept higher
transmit input power.
NOTE: Do not attempt to over drive the Converter. Doing so does not only puts the converter
into hard compression and does not increase output power. It only raises the sidebands,
which pollutes adjacent channels and may result in harmful emissions outside the 5.8
GHz Spread Spectrum band.
Transmit power at 5.8 GHz would then be:
+8 dBm +14 dBm = +22 dBm
NOTE: Never put attenuator pads in the cable between the DC injector and the
Converter/Amplifier since there is a +15VDC voltage on the cable. Doing this would
prevent DC power from reaching the amp and will damage the attenuator. A longer
cable or one with higher signal loss could be used.
Calculating Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP)
EIRP is defined as the sum of the power feeding an antenna plus the gain (in dBi) of that
antenna. For example, +22 dBm of power into a two foot dish or flat panel antenna with 27 dBi
gain would be the following dBm EIRP:
+22 dBm + 27 dB = 49 dBm (80 watts) EIRP
16
17

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