ZTE CBTSI119 CDMA2000 Compact Base Transceiver Station-I1 User Manual users manual

ZTE Corporation CDMA2000 Compact Base Transceiver Station-I1 users manual

users manual

ZXC10 CBTScdma2000 Compact Base Transceiver Station Technical ManualVersion 1.0ZTE CORPORATION ZTE Plaza, Keji Road South, Hi-Tech Industrial Park, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, P. R. China 518057 Tel: (86) 755 26771900 800-9830-9830 Fax: (86) 755 26772236 URL: http://support.zte.com.cn E-mail: doc@zte.com.cn
LEGAL INFORMATION Copyright © 2005 ZTE CORPORATION. The contents of this document are protected by copyright laws and international treaties. Any reproduction or distribution of this document or any portion of this document, in any form by any means, without the prior written consent of ZTE CORPORATION is prohibited. Additionally, the contents of this document are protected by contractual confidentiality obligations. All company, brand and product names are trade or service marks, or registered trade or service marks, of ZTE CORPORATION or of their respective owners. This document is provided “as is”, and all express, implied, or statutory warranties, representations or conditions are disclaimed, including without limitation any implied warranty of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, title or non-infringement. ZTE CORPORATION and its licensors shall not be liable for damages resulting from the use of or reliance on the information contained herein. ZTE CORPORATION or its licensors may have current or pending intellectual property rights or applications covering the subject matter of this document. Except as expressly provided in any written license between ZTE CORPORATION and its licensee, the user of this document shall not acquire any license to the subject matter herein. The contents of this document and all policies of ZTE CORPORATION, including without limitation policies related to support or training are subject to change without notice. Revision History Date Revision No. Serial No. Description 2005/05/01 R1.0 Sjzl20051666
ZTE CORPORATION Values Your Comments & Suggestions! Your opinion is of great value and will help us improve the quality of our product documentation and offer better services to our customers. Please fax to: (86) 755-26772236; or mail to Publications R&D Department, ZTE CORPORATION, ZTE Plaza, A Wing, Keji Road South, Hi-Tech Industrial Park, Shenzhen, P. R. China 518057. Thank you for your cooperation! Document Name ZXC10 CBTS (V1.0) cdma2000 Compact Base Transceiver Station Technical Manual Product Version V1.0 Document Revision Number R1.0 Equipment Installation Date 20050501 Presentation: (Introductions, Procedures, Illustrations, Completeness, Level of Detail, Organization, Appearance)  Good  Fair  Average  Poor  Bad  N/A Accessibility: (Contents, Index, Headings, Numbering, Glossary)  Good  Fair  Average  Poor  Bad  N/A Your evaluation of this documentation Intelligibility: (Language, Vocabulary, Readability & Clarity, Technical Accuracy, Content)  Good  Fair  Average  Poor  Bad  N/A Your suggestions for improvement of this documentation Please check the suggestions which you feel can improve this documentation:  Improve the overview/introduction  Make it more concise/brief  Improve the Contents  Add more step-by-step procedures/tutorials  Improve the organization  Add more troubleshooting information  Include more figures  Make it less technical  Add more examples  Add more/better quick reference aids  Add more detail  Improve the index  Other suggestions __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ # Please feel free to write any comments on an attached sheet. If you wish to be contacted regarding your comments, please complete the following: Name Company Postcode Address Telephone E-mail
FCC & IC STATEMENT Before using this product, read this important RF energy awareness and control information and operational instructions to ensure compliance with the FCC and IC RF exposure guidelines. NOTICE: Working with the equipment while in operation, may expose the technician to RF electromagnetic fields that exceed FCC rules for human exposure. Visit the FCC website at www.fcc.gov/oet/rfsafety to learn more about the effects of exposure to RF electromagnetic fields. Changes or modifications to this unit not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance will void the user’s authority to operate the equipment. Any change to the equipment will void FCC and IC grant. This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to the FCC and IC Rules. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. For OUTDOOR use, a PNALE Antenna with a maximum gain of 17dBi is authorized for use with this unit. Outside antennas must be positioned to observe minimum separation of 3.0M (9.84 feet.) for 800MHz unit and 2.5M (8.2 feet.) for 1900MHz unit from all users and bystanders. For the protection of personnel working in the vicinity of outside (uplink) antennas, the following guidelines for minimum distances between the human body and the antenna must be observed. The installation of an OUTDOOR antenna must be such that, under normal conditions, all personnel cannot come within 3.0M (9.84 feet.)for 800MHz unit and 2.5M (8.2 feet.) for 1900MHz unit from the outside antenna. Exceeding this minimum separation will ensure that the worker or bystander does not receive RF-exposure beyond the Maximum Permissible Exposure according to section 1.1310 i.e. limits for Controlled Exposure.
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Contents About this Manual....................................................................................xi Purpose of This Manual............................................................................................. xi How to Use This Manual ........................................................................................... xi Typographical Conventions ...................................................................................... xii How to Get in Touch................................................................................................ xii Customer Support ..................................................................................................................xii Documentation Support..........................................................................................................xii Chapter 1................................................................................... 13 System Overview................................................................................... 13 Position of BTS in the CDMA System ........................................................................14 System Features.....................................................................................................16 Multiple Frequency Bands Supported...................................................................................... 16 Large Capacity ...................................................................................................................... 16 Compactness ........................................................................................................................16 Technological Advantages......................................................................................................16 High Reliability ......................................................................................................................17 Flexible Networking ............................................................................................................... 17 Smooth Expansion and Upgrade ............................................................................................17 Easy Operation and Maintenance ...........................................................................................18 Functions................................................................................................................19 International Standards Followed by BTS .................................................................20 Chapter 2................................................................................... 22 BTS Hardware........................................................................................ 22 Hardware Structure.................................................................................................23 BTS Physical Structure...........................................................................................................23 Logical Structure ................................................................................................................... 24 List of All BTS Boards............................................................................................................. 25 BDS .......................................................................................................................26 BDS Schematic Diagram........................................................................................................ 26
BDS Working Principle ...........................................................................................................27 Technological Advantages of BDS........................................................................................... 27 BDS Hardware Configuration .................................................................................................28 RFS........................................................................................................................30 RFS Schematic Diagram ........................................................................................................31 RFS Working Principle............................................................................................................ 31 Technological Advantages of RFS ...........................................................................................32 Hardware Configuration .........................................................................................................33 PWS.......................................................................................................................34 PWS Schematic Diagram .......................................................................................................34 PWS Working Principle...........................................................................................................35 Hardware Configuration .........................................................................................................35 Chapter 3................................................................................... 36 BTS Software ......................................................................................... 36 BTS Software Overview........................................................................................... 37 CCM Software.........................................................................................................39 CHM0 Software.......................................................................................................40 CHM1 Software.......................................................................................................41 RMM Software ........................................................................................................ 42 TRX Software..........................................................................................................43 Chapter 4................................................................................... 44 BTS Networking and Configuration ....................................................... 44 Networking through Abis Interface ...........................................................................45 BTS Networking ......................................................................................................47 LS Mode ...............................................................................................................................48 RS Mode ...............................................................................................................................49 LEA Mode.............................................................................................................................. 49 LEB Mode.............................................................................................................................. 51 RE Mode ...............................................................................................................................52 ME Mode...............................................................................................................................53 BTS Configuration ................................................................................................... 53 BDS Configuration ................................................................................................................. 53 RFS Configuration ................................................................................................................. 54 PWS Configuration ................................................................................................................54 Chapter 5................................................................................... 55 Technical Indices ................................................................................... 55
Environment Indices ...............................................................................................56 Performance Indices................................................................................................58 Reliability ..............................................................................................................................58 Interface ............................................................................................................................... 58 Capacity................................................................................................................................58 Frequency Band .................................................................................................................... 58 Specs of Bands 800 MHz, 450 MHz and 850 MHz.................................................................... 58 Specs of 1.9 GHz and 2.1GHz ................................................................................................61 Clock ....................................................................................................................................62 Noise ....................................................................................................................................63 Appendix A................................................................................ 65 Abbreviations......................................................................................... 65 Figures.......................................................................................... 71 Tables ........................................................................................... 73
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Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION xi About this Manual Purpose of This Manual Current radio mobile networks include CDMA and GSM systems, both are on the way to evolving into 3G radio mobile networks. The purpose of this book is to provide a clear understanding of the technology adopted in 3rd-generaton (3G) networks and build a systematic understanding of the working principles, performance indices, hardware structure and system configuration of ZTE 3G cdma2000 compact-model base station transceiver. This book is intended to help readers make better use of other relevant product literature and lay the foundation for system operation and maintenance. The all-IP base station mentioned in this manual refers to the base station of cdma2000 system. In this book, ZXC10 CBTS is briefed as BTS, ZXC10 BSCB, as BSC and ZXC10 BSSB, as BSS. How to Use This Manual This manual consists of five chapters: Chapter 1 System Overview It describes the position and functions of the BTS in the CDMA system and presents the standards followed by ZXC-BTS. Chapter 2 Hardware It describes the overall hardware structure and module functions of the BTS. Chapter 3 Software It describes the software structure and function modules of the software in BTS. Chapter 4 Networking and Configuration It describes the connection, networking modes and configurations of BTS.
ZXC10 CBTS (V1.0)Technical Manual xii Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION Chapter 5 Technical Indices It describes briefly the performance indices of BTS. Appendix A Abbreviations It lists the abbreviations used in this manual and other common ones concerning CDMA topics. Typographical Conventions ZTE documents employ with the following typographical conventions. TYPOGRAPHICAL CONVENTIONS How to Get in Touch The following sections provide information on how to obtain support for the documentation and the software. Customer Support If you have problems, questions, comments, or suggestions regarding your product, contact us by e-mail at support@zte.com.cn. You can also call our customer support center at (86) 755 26771900 and (86) 800-9830-9830. Documentation Support ZTE welcomes your comments and suggestions on the quality and usefulness of this document. For further questions, comments, or suggestions on the documentation, you can contact us by e-mail at doc@zte.com.cn; or you can fax your comments and suggestions to (86) 755 26772236. You can also explore our website at http://support.zte.com.cn, which contains various interesting subjects like documentation, knowledge base, forum and service request. Typeface Meaning Italics References to other guides and documents. Note: Provides additional information about a certain topic.
Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 13 Chapter 1 System Overview In this chapter, you will learn about:  Position of BTS in the CDMA system  Architecture, functions and features of BTS  Standards followed by BTS
ZXC10 CBTS (V1.0)Technical Manual 14 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION Position of BTS in the CDMA System The Base Transceiver Station (BTS) connects a Mobile Station (MS) to the mobile network in a mobile communications system through its radio interface functionalities. It best reflects the radio transmission features in a CDMA system. BTSB (all-IP BTS), developed by ZTE Corporation, is an IP-based new generation BTS that is designed to fill in the varying needs of our customers. It features large capacity, abundant transmission modes and high adaptability. An all-IP network is made up of three parts: MS (Mobile Station), RAN (Radio Access Network) and CN (Core Network).  MS: A mobile phone, mobile station or mobile terminal;  RAN: Located between MS and CN and connects these two parts. It processes radio signals and consists of two parts: BSCB/PCF/IWF (combined as BSCB) and BTS;  CN: Provides authentication at the network side and interfaces with a public network. As a member of the BTSB family, ZXC10 CBTS is special for its compact structure, in addition to other advantages such as large capacity and high integration level. The position of BTS in Base Station Subsystem (BSS) is shown in Fig. 1. FIG. 1 POSITION OF BTS IN BSS PSTNUm Abi sBSCMSCPDSNSS7 net wor kBTSMS95 MS1X MS1X DOMS RAN CNIP networkMSMSBTSAinterface
Chapter 1 - System Overview Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 15 As seen from the diagram, BTS is located between mobile stations (MSs) and the Base Station Controller (BSC). It encodes, decodes, modulates and demodulates CDMA signals, performs up-conversion and down-conversion for subscriber data, amplifies RF power, and transmits / receives radio signals.
ZXC10 CBTS (V1.0)Technical Manual 16 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION System Features Multiple Frequency Bands Supported BTS supports frequency bands of 450 MHz, 800 MHz, 850 MHz, 1900 MHz and 2100 MHz, as shown in Table 1. TABLE 1 FREQUENCY BANDS SUPPORTED BY BTS Serial No. Frequency Band Upper Frequency Limit (MHz) Lower Frequency Limit (MHz) 1 800 MHz (Band Class 0) 824~849 869~894 2 1900 MHz (Band Class 1) 1850~1910 1930~1990 3 450 MHz (Band Class 5) 450~457.5 460~467.5 4 2100 MHz (Band Class 6) 1920~1980 2110~2170 5 850 MHz (Band Class 10) 806~821 851~866 Large Capacity  The LRFS (Local RFS) in one cabinet supports up to 12 carrier sectors and another 12 carrier sectors by connecting an RRFS (Remote RFS).  Two combined BTS cabinets support up to 8-carrier 3-sector or 4-carrier 6-sector configuration, and another 8-carrier 3-sector or 4-carrier 6-sector configuration by connecting an RRFS.  One BDS supports at least 4-carrier 3-sector configuration (CE resource of 4-carrier 3-sector for EV-DO, and 8-carrier 3-sector or 4-carrier 6-sector for 1X).  The large capacity advantage of BTS allows for less BTS needed for traffic-hot areas, and in turn saves investment in transmission device, equipment room, power supply and telecom towers. Compactness  The compact BTS, as its name implies, is small in size and one cabinet (W700 × H800 × D800, unit: mm) has only two shelves. It is actually the smallest BTS ever produced by the industry.  The compactness advantage plus high capacity requires less space for installing the BTS and also other auxiliary equipment. Technological Advantages  Support smooth evolution to 1X EV-DV and CDMA2000-3X.  Employ all-IP architecture with large switching capacity, high QoS guarantee and robust reliability.
Chapter 1 - System Overview Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 17  Adopt the IP-based cUDP/PPPMux/MultilinkPPP for its Abis interface for higher transmission efficiency at a lower cost.  Use the multi-frequency digital intermediate frequency technology to make do with less RF modules.  Support transmission diversity, intelligent antenna and linear pre-distortion amplifier.  High channel efficiency.  Support different configurations such as 4-carrier 3-sector, 2-carrier 6-sector and 1-carrier 12-sector.  Adopt high reuse-efficiency transmission system between its BDS and RFS subsystems and data of 24 carrier sectors can be transmitted over one fibre pair.  Support dynamic downloading of board software, making upgrade and maintenance convenient. High Reliability  Advanced EMC (Electromagnetic Compatibility) and EMI (Electromagnetic Interference) design.  The RRFS supports ring networking through fibres and link backup for switchover when necessary. Link switchover is independent of board switchover to enhance transmission reliability.  The clock system is compatible with the GPS and GLONASS system.  All important boards are configured in 1+1 hot backup mode.  The GCM provides reliable clock for a short term and ensures the locked status of clock during 72 hours after the GPS synchronous signal is lost. Flexible Networking Abis interface for flexible networking:  Support Ethernet direct connection for when BTS and BSC are installed in the same room or not far from each other.  Support star, chain, tree and ring networking.  Support 75 Ω / 120 Ω E1 interface, 100Ω T1 interface, and built-in SDH transmission interface.  The BTS can use 220V AC or –48V DC and it has the built-in primary power supply. Smooth Expansion and Upgrade  All boards support hot swapping, convenient for online upgrade and maintenance.  The Channel Module (CHM) can be configured easily as a subcard.
ZXC10 CBTS (V1.0)Technical Manual 18 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION  One BDS supports up to 24 carrier sectors and more BDS shelves can be added to expand capacity.  Capacity can be expanded with more channel modules and RF modules.  Support RRFS with multiple sectors.  Support CHM configuration of different scales in 1X system, as well as mixed configuration EV-DO and EV-DV CHMs. Easy Operation and Maintenance  Support order wire phone from a BTS to its BSC or to another BTS through the network management access of SDH.  The RRFS is also available with an orderwire interface for communicating with the BDS and BSC.  Provide online test and performance evaluation for the BTS through its BTM (BTS Test Module).  Support local operation & maintenance of BTS through its 10M Ethernet test port to control BDS and RFS, test their functions and collect their performance parameters.  Support online upgrade. Support remote downloading of logic, MCU MCU program, BOOT program and FLASH file.  Provide graphical user interface for easy operation and maintenance. The interface shows the topology maps, tool bars and real rack layout.
Chapter 1 - System Overview Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 19 Functions BTS functions as a bridge connecting mobile stations to BSC in the CDMA system. Details are given below:  BTS communicates with MS (mobile station) through a CDMA air interface.  BTS communicates with BSC (Base Station Controller) through an Abis interface.  In the forward link, BTS first receives data from BSC through the Abis interface, then encodes and modulates the data, next converts baseband signals into radio frequency signals, finally transmits them through a power amplifier, the radio frequency front end (RFE) and an antenna.  In the reverse link, BTS first receives weak radio signals through the antenna feeder and RFE. The signals then undergo low noise amplification, down frequency conversion, and decoding and demodulation. Finally, BTS sends the data through the Abis interface to BSC.
ZXC10 CBTS (V1.0)Technical Manual 20 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION International Standards Followed by BTS 1. 3GPP2 C.S0002-A version 6.0 (IS-2000 Release A). 2. 3GPP2 A.S0001-A version 2.0 (3G-IOSv4.1). 3. 3GPP2 A.S0011-A v1.0 (3G-IOS v4.3). 4. ANSI J-STD-008, Personal Station-Base Station Compatibility Requirement for 1.8 to 2.0 GHz Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Personal Communications System, 1996. 5. TIA/EIA/TSB-74, Support for 14.4 Kbps Data Rate and PCS Interaction for Wideband Spread Spectrum Cellular System, 1995. 6. TIA/EIA/IS-95-A, Mobile Station-Base Station Compatibility Standard for Dual-Mode Wideband Spread Spectrum Cellular Systems. 7. TIA/EIA/IS-95, Mobile Station-Base Station Compatibility Standard for Dual-Mode Wideband Spread Spectrum Cellular Systems. 8. TIA/EIA/IS-637 Short Message Services for Wideband Spread Spectrum Cellular Systems, 1997. 9. TIA/EIA/IS-127, Enhanced Variable Rate Codec Speech Service Option 3 for Wideband Spread Spectrum Digital Systems, 1996. 10. TIA/EIA/IS-658, Data Service Interworking Function Interface for Wideband Spread Spectrum Systems. 11. CDG RF36, Markov Service Option for Wideband Spread Spectrum Communications Sytems. 12. TIA/EIA/IS-725, Over-the-Air Service Provisioning of Mobile Stations in Wideband Spread Spectrum Systems, 1997. 13. TIA/EIA/IS-728, Inter-System Link Protocol. 14. TIA/EIA/IS-733, High Rate Speech Service Option 17 for Wideband Spread Spectrum Communication Systems. 15. TIA/EIA/IS-707, Data Service Options for Wideband Spread Spectrum Systems, 1998. 16. TIA/EIA/IS-707-A-2 Data Service Options for Spread Spectrum Systems Addendum 2, 2000. 17. ITU-T Q.714 Signaling connection control part (SCCP). 18. ITU-T Q.704 Signal link (MTP3). 19. ITU-T Q.703 Signal link (MTP2). 20. 3GPP2 C.S0024, cdma2000 High Rate Packet Data Air Interface Specification，December 2001. 21. 3GPP2 A.S0007, 1xEV-DO Inter-Operability Specification (IOS) for cdma2000 Access Network Interface, June 2001.
Chapter 1 - System Overview Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 21 22. 3GPP2 C.S0029, Test Application Specification (TAS) for High Rate Packet Data Air Interface, July 2001. 23. TIA/EIA/IS-97D，Recommended Minimum Performance Standards for Base Stations Supporting Dual Mode Spread Spectrum Systems, 2001.
Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 22 Chapter 2 BTS Hardware In this chapter, you will learn about:  Hardware structure  Composition of subsystems  Features and functions of each subsystem
Chapter 2 - BTS Hardware Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 23 Hardware Structure A BTS is made up of BDS, RFS and PWS (optional) in terms of hardware. Physically, they are racks, shelves and boards. The hardware structure of BTS can be seen either from a physical or logical point of view. This chapter describes the hardware structure of BTS, however, for more information on the boards, please refer to ZXC10 CBTS (V1.0) cdma2000 Compact Base Transceiver Station Hardware Manual. BTS Physical Structure Fig. 2 shows the physical structure of a BTS cabinet. FIG. 2 BTS PHYSICAL STRUCTURE CHMCHMCHMCHMTRXTRXTRXRMMRIMRPDSAMCCMCCMDSMGCMLPAPIMLPALPARFERFERFEBIMSNMBIM As the above figure shows, BTS is physically divided into two shelves. The top one has 17 slots for accommodating the BDS and TRX boards and the bottom one has 7 slots for the RFE, LPA and PIM boards.
ZXC10 CBTS (V1.0)Technical Manual 24 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION Logical Structure BTS is logically divided into BDS and RFS, as shown in Fig. 3. The PWS is also necessary in case there is no available –48V DC secondary power supply on site. FIG. 3 BTS LOGICAL STRUCTURE SBDSTo BSCRFSBDSMBDSRRFSLRFSSBDSLRFS LRFS LRFS LRFS LRFSRRFS RRFS RRFS RRFS RRFS...... ... ... ... ...MBDS SBDSRRFSRRFS 1. BDS BDS is further divided into three functional entities: BCS (BTS Communication Subsystem), BBS (BTS Baseband Subsystem) and TFS (Time Frequency Subsystem). One BTS suffices for configuration no higher than 12 carrier sectors. Two BTS cabinets can be combined for configuration higher than 12 carrier sectors. For two combined cabinets, one is the master one (Master BDS, MBDS) and the other is the slave one (Slave BDS, SBDS). MBDS and SBDS have the same structure and working principle but with different configurations. 2. RFS RFS is further divided into two parts: TRX and PA + RFE amplifier + RFE subsystem. Its work includes some baseband processing, IF processing, digital-to-analog conversion, RF modulation and demodulation, forward signal power amplification, and backward signal low noise amplification. Please note that an RFS can be an LRFS (Local RFS) or RRFS (Remote RFS), to meet different networking needs. If no otherwise specified, the RFS in this book refers to an LRFS. 3. PWS This subsystem supplies power to the whole BTS and it comprises primary power supply (converts 200 V/1110 V AC to –48 V DC,
Chapter 2 - BTS Hardware Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 25 optional part) and secondary power supply (converts –48 V DC to what is needed by the BTS boards). A description of BTS hardware (logical) focused on board functions is given below. List of All BTS Boards All BTS boards are listed in Table 2. TABLE 2 BTS BOARDS Abbreviations Full Name BDS CCM Communication Control Module DSM Data Service Module CHM Channel Processing Module RIM RF Interface Module GCM GPS Control Module SNM SDN Network Module SAM Site Alarm Module BIM BDS Interface Module RFS RMM RF Management Module TRX Transmitter and Receiver BTM BTS Test Module LPA Linear Power Amplifier PIM Power Amplifier Interface Module RFE Radio Frequency End PWS APD AC Power Distribute PMM Power Monitor Module PRM Power Rectifier Module RPD RFS Power Distribute
ZXC10 CBTS (V1.0)Technical Manual 26 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION BDS BDS is the control center and communication platform of the BTS. In BDS we see many key CDMA technologies, such as diversity technology, RAKE reception, softer handoff and power control. . Located between BSC and RFS, BDS connects the two and it is responsible for baseband signal modulation / demodulation and encoding / decoding, and generation / distribution of clocks for the whole BTS. BDS Schematic Diagram Fig. 4 shows the working principle of BDS. FIG. 4 BDS SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM IP SWIPCHMCCMCHMCHM178DSMBDSBSCFE TEST PORTSTM-116X E1DSMMedia StreamSignaling StreamDSMSDHRIM9GE/FEIPCHMSCMCHMCHM78DSMSBDSDSMIPHUBMedia StreamSignaling Stream1RIM916X E12 As seen from the diagram above, the components of BDS are:  CHM: performs CE processing (spread-spectrum modulation and despread-spectrum demodulation). The CHM of each BDS is a CE resource-sharing pool.  RIM: provides interface to connect BDS and RFS, and performs forward signal summation and backward signal distribution. It also distributes clocks from GCM to CHM and CCM.
Chapter 2 - BTS Hardware Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 27  CCM: performs BTS control and network switching. Two CCM boards can be configured, one active and the other standby. For a single rack or in the MBDS of combined racks, it’s the CCM board. In the SMDS of combined racks, it’s the SCM board.  DSM: provides Abis interface to connect with BSC.  SNM: An optional board that works as the SDH interface.  SAM: monitors environment indices, including temperature, humidity, smog and dust.  GCM: receives synchronous signals from the satellite to generate system clocks consistent with the UTC (Coordinated Universal Time). Two GCMs (active + standby) can be configured.  BIM: provides interfaces between master and slave racks, between BDS and RFS, and between BTS and BSC. BDS Working Principle The call processing flow in BDS is as follows.  Forward call processing flow In the forward link, DSM receives and decompresses the packets coming from the Abis interface. After that, the packets are resolved into media stream and control stream. The media stream is switched on the media stream IP communication platform of CCM, then goes to CHM, gets encoded and modulated, changed to forward baseband data stream. Next it goes to RIM for summation and is finally sent to RFS. The control stream is switched on the control stream IP communication platform of CCM. Then it goes to CHM or CCM.  Reverse call processing flow The reverse call data stream coming from RFS is distributed by RIM to all CHMs. In CHM the data stream is decoded and demodulated and then put into packets again before being sent to CCM for switching. The switched packets are then sent to DSM to be packaged and compressed once again. Finally the packets are sent to BSC. Technological Advantages of BDS  An all-IP platform. It uses two Ethernets to switch and control the media stream and control stream.  Two Ethernets for the switching and transmission of media stream and signaling (control) stream  High integration: baseband CE resource of 12 carrier sectors for EV-DO and 24 carrier sectors for 1X  Channel sharing: the baseband CE resource (a shared pool) for 12/24 carrier sectors can be used by any sectors through static or dynamic CE assignment.
ZXC10 CBTS (V1.0)Technical Manual 28 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION  With the standard “BDS-RFS interface”, the BDS and RFS can be installed in the same or different cabinets.  The future-proof design of BTS supports a smooth evolution path to 1X EV-DO, 1X EV-DV or CDMA2000-3X. Different CHMs (CHM0 and CHM1) can be used in BDS, therefore the same BTS can support both CDMA2000-1X and EV-DO services at the same time.  In the case BSC and BTS are installed in the same room, BDS can provide Ethernet interface so as to avoid complex Abis protocol processing. This is an economy and also reliability-enhancing approach. BDS Hardware Configuration The BDS shelf has 17 slots as shown below. All boards given here are BDS boards. FIG. 5 BDS CONFIGURATION 1716151413121110987654321SAMCHMCHMCHMCCMCCMDSMRIMSNMGCMBDSCHMBIM Note: There are two types of CHM boards, CHM0 and CHM1, for 1X and EV-DO services respectively. As seen from the board layout, two CCM boards are configured: one active and the other standby. SNM is an optional board that is necessary only when there is no available optical transmission on site. For a full configuration of BDS, there are four CHM slots to deliver pure 1X service with 24 carrier sectors, or pure EV-DO service with 12 carrier sectors. Besides, the number of CHM boards can be adjusted to adapt to the capacity requirement.
Chapter 2 - BTS Hardware Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 29 The SBDS is required if there are more than 12 carrier sectors. Fig. 6 below shows a fully configured SBDS shelf. FIG. 6 SBDS CONFIGURATION 1716151413121110987654321SAMCHMCHMCHMSCMSCMRIMSBDSCHMBIM The SBDS has no GCM, DSM and SNM boards (while the MBDS does). The CCM board in MBDS is changed to SCM in SBDS.
ZXC10 CBTS (V1.0)Technical Manual 30 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION RFS The RFS (radio frequency subsystem) in a mobile cellular network is used basically for air interfacing through the antenna. The RFS in a CDMA system equipped by such technologies as power control, cell breathing, soft handoff, GPS timing, and diversity reception is different from those in other cellular networks. Besides the function related with the air interface, RFS connects to BDS through the RMM board. It also transmits CDMA signals after modulation and receives CDMA signals after demodulation. It has other functions such as detection, monitoring, configuration, control, and cell breathing, blossoming and wilting. The whole RFS subsystem consists of the antenna feeder system outside BTS and the TRX, HPA and RFE (the parts that are involved in signal transmission and reception) inside BTS. A typical antenna feeder system is made up of the antenna, antenna jumper, main feeder, lightning arrester, rack-top jumper, and other components for grounding. Further description on the antenna feeder system is omitted in this book. If not otherwise specified, the RFS in this book refers to its parts inside BTS.
Chapter 2 - BTS Hardware Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 31 RFS Schematic Diagram Located between BDS and MS (Mobile Station), RFS connects to the BDS through a data interface and to the MS through the air RF interface. Its working principle is shown in Fig. 7. FIG. 7 RFS SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM Ctl-Bus & clkRev.LinkFwd.Link............Rev.LinkRev.Link......Co n t r o l Bu s & C l kRFS......Control Bus & ClkBDSRFE RFEPA PABTMCombin/TSM/RSMTRX TRX TRXRMM Functions of RFS are:  TRX: performs signal up- and down-frequency conversion.  RMM: Connects RFS and BDS.  LPA: performs signal power amplification on the forward link.  RFE: performs low noise amplification, being the interface between RFS and the antenna feeder.  BTM: performs the radio test for the BTS.  PIM: works as the interface of power amplifier. RFS Working Principle Call processing flow in RFS is as follows.  In the forward link, the data stream from the BDS converges in RMM and then is distributed to TRX. The stream in TRX changes to intermediate frequency (IF) signals first and then goes to RFE for up-conversion. The RF signals generated are finally transmitted through RFE and antenna feeder after power amplification.
ZXC10 CBTS (V1.0)Technical Manual 32 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION  In the reverse link, the radio signals received from the antenna run through the LPA of RFE to the TRX for down-conversion processing. They become IF signals first, undergo digital IF processing, then turn into sample signals of the BDS, and are finally sent to RMM. RMM puts all data sent from TRX into a packet and sends it to BDS.  The GCM board in BDS provides clock signal for RIM. RIM then provides RFS with the clock signal. Technological Advantages of RFS  LRFS and RRFS are both RFS but with different applications. As one BTS may have no more than one LRFS, it may connect to several RRFSs. While LRFS is always set up in the same equipment room as the BDS, RRFS can be placed miles away from the BDS in the cave, subway or other irregular locations.  BDS and RFS can be connected in the star, chain or ring networking modes through the RIM.  One TRX may provide the capacity of 4 carriers and adopt the LPA for 4 carriers.  In a single cabinet, there can be 12 carrier sectors (1~4 carriers × 1~3 sectors).
Chapter 2 - BTS Hardware Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 33 Hardware Configuration The RFS boards are located in both shelves of the BTS as shown below. FIG. 8 RFE CONFIGURATION 1716151413121110987654321RFS41RFE PIMLPALPALPARFEBTMTRXTRXTRXRMMRFE23567
ZXC10 CBTS (V1.0)Technical Manual 34 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION PWS The PWS subsystem supplies power for the whole BTS cabinet. It converts AC to DC, performs power distribution and monitoring, and manages the storage battery. A PWS can comprise the primary (not required if the –48 V is usable on site) and secondary power supply. The primary one converts 220 V/110 V AC to -48 V while the secondary one converts and distributes the –48 V DC again to ±12 V, ±5 V, 27 V, 3.3 V and 2.5V. PWS Schematic Diagram In the case the 220 V/110 V AC is available on site, the PWS works in the way as shown below: FIG. 9 PWS SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM APD220V/110V AC In-48V DC OutPRMPRMPRMPRMPRMCCM/RMMPMMTemperature,Door...PRM Components of PWS include:  PMM (Power Monitor Module): monitors the power system and reporting the status.  APD (AC Power Distribution Module): Converts the 220 V/110 V AC to -48 V DC, used when the user provides the 220 V/110 V AC only.  PRM (Power Rectifier Module): used for AC input and can be configured in 5+1 mode.  RPD (RFS Power Distribute): converts –48 V to provide suitable power supplies for the RFS boards.
Chapter 2 - BTS Hardware Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 35 PWS Working Principle The 220 V/110 V AC is distributed by APD first, then rectified by PRM, converted to primary power supply, next output as –48 V DC. The primary –48 V DC is again converted and distributed by RPD into ±12 V, ±5 V, 27 V, 3.3 V and 2.5V for the RFS boards. Hardware Configuration The primary power supply part of PWS is an optional configuration that can be detached from the BTS. The RPD board is the secondary power supply part of PWS that is inseparable from the BTS. This section covers the hardware configuration of the primary power supply only (see the diagram below). For configuration details of the secondary power supply, please refer to the hardware manual. FIG. 10 PRIMARY POWER SUPPLY OF PWS 21APDPRM3456PMMPRMPRMPRMPRM
Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 36 Chapter 3 BTS Software In this chapter, you will learn about:  BTS software subsystems and functions  Software of CCM, CHM, RMM and TRX boards
Chapter 3 - BTS Software Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 37 BTS Software Overview This chapter covers a brief introduction to the BTS software system, especially the software functions of boards CCM, CHM, RMM and TRX. For details of the BTS composition of software that is the same as that of BSC, refer to ZXC10 BSCB (V1.0) cdma2000 Base Station Controller Technical Manual. In terms of functions, BTS software is composed of the following parts: OSS (Operation System Subsystem), SCS (System Control Subsystem), SPS (Service Processing Subsystem), OMC (Operation and Maintenance Center), BSP&Driver (operation system subsystem) and DBS (Database Subsystem), as shown in Fig. 11. FIG. 11 BTS SOFTWARE STRUCTURE SCS OMCDBS SIG BRSSPSOSS COREBSP & Driver The BTS software is distributed in various boards and the OMC. 1. SPS delivers cdma2000 1X, EV-DV services based on the air Um interface standard (IS-2000). 2. OMC provides interfaces to authorized administrators and upper NM system for the purpose of operation & maintenance of the whole BTS. 3. DBS provides centralized management on BSS data and is the support system of the upper-layer applications (SPS and OMS). 4. BSP&Driver is the basis of all the other subsystems. It shields the hardware details from the subscriber process, and provides process dispatching, timer, communication and memory management services. The core of BSP&Drive is the commercial operating system kernel. Above the kernel is the encapsulation layer, which encapsulates the kernel system invoking and shields unnecessary functions from the
ZXC10 CBTS (V1.0)Technical Manual 38 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION subscriber process. The encapsulation layer provides the subscriber process with necessary primitive and function invoking interfaces. 5. SCS performs monitoring, startup and version downloading of the BTS software system. It runs on the operating system and database subsystem.
Chapter 3 - BTS Software Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 39 CCM Software CCM, Communication Control Module, is located in the BDS shelf. Functions of CCM software include:  Allocate all BTS radio resources.  Process related signaling for the voice and data services of the BTS it is responsible for.  Implement centralized management on BTS data, including physical configuration data and wireless data.  Communicate through the Ethernet and HDLC communication with the BSC and other boards of BTS.  Monitor BDS and RFS boards and report alarms.  Control power-on and configuration of other BTS boards.  Support active / standby changeover of CCM.  Support downloading and query of software version and logic of BTS boards.
ZXC10 CBTS (V1.0)Technical Manual 40 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION CHM0 Software CHM0 is responsible for the cdma20001x channel modulation and demodulation. Its functions are as follows.  Provide communication interface with CCM.  Modulate voice and data frames coming from CCM in the forward link, and send the modulated data to RIM.  Demodulate antenna signals coming from the RIM through the BDS interface in the reverse link into voice and data frames, and send them to CCM for switching.  Support the cdma2000 physical layer protocol: IS-2000-2 RELASE A.  Support OTD (Orthogonal Transmit Diversity) and STS.  Support forward links, including: pilot channels such as F-PICH, F-TDPICH, F-APICH and F-ATDPICH; control channels such as F-SYNCH, F-PCH, F-BCH, F-QPCH, F-CPCCH, F-CACH and F-CCCH; and traffic channels such as F-DCCH, F-FCH, F-SCH and F-SCCH. .  Support reverse links, including: access channels such as R-ACH, R-EACH and R-CCCH; and traffic channels such as R-DCCH, R-FCH, R-SCH and R-SCCH.  Support board hot swapping.  Allow online version downloading via a transmission bus.  Control system’s remote soft reset and backplane interface disabling .
Chapter 3 - BTS Software Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 41 CHM1 Software Software CES-HRPD runs on CHM1 to deliver EV-DO service. It is designed on the CSM5500 chip. CHM-HRPD runs under CES-HRPD control, and processes HRPD air interface control channel signaling and service data frames.
ZXC10 CBTS (V1.0)Technical Manual 42 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION RMM Software Functions of RMM software include:  Monitor the RFS boards.  Communicate with BDS boards and other RFS boards.  Support downloading and query of RFS boards’ software version and logic.  Support power-on, address acquisition and data configuration of RFS boards.  Manage RFS boards’ status.  Control the switchover of RFS fiber links.  Control TRX switchover.  Control PA switchover.  Support the diagnostic test for RFS boards.
Chapter 3 - BTS Software Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 43 TRX Software The TRX board is the core of RFS in a BTS. It is responsible for signal conversion in both forward and reverse links, including conversion from digital baseband signal to analog RF signals. It uses the digital IF and multi-carrier technologies. TRX software provides the following functions. Query and report RSSI signal energy. Attenuation and gain control in both forward and reverse links. Configure RFS boards. Monitor board status. DSP configuration. Auto-scaling control. Diagnostic test of TRX board. Support cell blossom, wilting and breathing. Board backup control. If BTM is configured, it provides test signals for the transceiving devices located in the BTS sectors with the help of test MS, for the purpose of online test on system performance.
Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 44 Chapter 4 BTS Networking and Configuration In this chapter, you will learn about:  BTS networking modes  BTS networking configuration
Chapter 4 - BTS Networking and Configuration Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 45 Networking through Abis Interface This chapter starts with describing the BSS networking mode, next BTS networking mode and finally BTS networking configuration. BSS (Base Station System) includes BTS (Base Transceiver Station) and BSC (Base Station Controller). BTS is composed of BDS, local RFS (LRFS) and remote RFS (RRFS). Multiple networking modes are workable as shown in Fig. 12 FIG. 12 CDMA2000 BSS NETWORKING BSCBTS = Macro BTS or Micro BTS or Compact BTSBTS....BTS BTS BTS.... .... ........BTS BTS BTS....AbisE1 or SDH Abis StarAbis ChainAbis Ring BSC connects with BTS (macro or micro) through the Abis interface to form various network shapes, such as star, chain, and ring.  Star networking By star-shaped networking, it means that each BTS connects with BSC individually and directly, or indirectly through external transmission device.  Ring networking Several BTS connect in serial to BSC as in a ring structure.  Chain networking In a chain networking mode, several BTS are connected to form a chain with the last BTS connecting to BSC through E1/T1 or SDH.
ZXC10 CBTS (V1.0)Technical Manual 46 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION Actual BSS networking may adopt a combined mode of ring, star and chain, as shown in Fig. 13. FIG. 13 BSS NETWORKING BSC BSC connects with BTS through E1/T1, SDH or Ethernet interface. The Ethernet approach applies when BSC is near BTS and in this way, the complex Abis link compression protocol is avoided, the networking cost cut down and reliability enhanced.
Chapter 4 - BTS Networking and Configuration Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 47 BTS Networking BTS is in terms of hardware a set of radio transceiving devices that serve a cell, which can be of omni-directional, 2-sector, 3-sector or 6-sector structure. It modulates and demodulates signals, but in a more complex way than a regular modem. BTS bears radio service functions of BSS, including radio transmission with the MS (Mobile Station) through IS2000 air interface and control over the radio channel. It is connected with BSC through Abis interface and controlled by BSC. In BTS, BDS and RFS are connected flexibly through a standard interface to fill in different networking needs. Table 3 lists some commonly used BTS networking modes. TABLE 3 BTS NETWORKING MODES Mode Full Name Description LS Local Single Mode Support 4-carrier 3-sector (1X/EV-DO), not support RRFS RS Remote Single Mode May work as the RRFS, support 4-carrier 3-sector (1X/DO) LEA Local Extend Mode A RFS added in combined cabinet to support voice service (1X) for configuration of 8-carrier 3-sector or 4-carrier 6-sector LEB Local Extend Mode B BDS and RFS added in combined cabinet to support 1X/EV-DO for configuration of 8-carrier 3-sector or 4-carrier 6-sector RE Remote Extend Mode Remote CBTS or MBTS-RFS added through fiber connection. LRFS+RRFS supports 12 carrier sectors for EV-DO or nearly 24 carrier sectors for 1X ME MIX Extend Mode BDS and RFS added in combined cabinet, with remote CBTS or MBTS-RFS added through fiber connection, to support 24 carrier sectors for EV-DO or nearly 48 carrier sectors for 1X
ZXC10 CBTS (V1.0)Technical Manual 48 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION LS Mode The LS networking mode is suitable for the economy configuration of 12 carrier sectors for EV-DO and 24 carrier sectors for 1X service. With the 4-carrier 3-sector configuration in this mode, 2 (max. 3) CHM0 can be used with 2 slots left idle to deliver pure 1X service, or 4 CHM1 be used for pure EV-DO service. Fig. 14 shows the slot diagram. FIG. 14 BTS BOARD LAYOUT IN LS MODE RPDRFE1RFE1RFE1LPALPALPARIM1CHM0CHM0TRXRMM2CCMCCMBTMDSMTRXGCMSAM0SNMPIM0TRXBIM
Chapter 4 - BTS Networking and Configuration Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 49 RS Mode The RS networking mode applies when the RRFS is used independently and 4-carrier 3-sector is configured. It is another economy approach. In the RS mode, the BDS is locally installed and it can be a super BTS, single macro BTSB or CBTS; while the remote CBTS accommodates only the RFS. Such configuration (see below) supports 12 carrier sectors for either EV-DO or 1X. FIG. 15 RS MODE TRXTRXTRXRMM1RPDSAM0LPAPIM0LPALPARFE1RFE1RFE1BTMBIM LEA Mode The LEA networking mode applies when the CBTS system is deployed with 4-carrier 3-sector to deliver pure 1X or 1X + EV-DO services, however the local RFS has to be extended to fit in system configuration (while the baseband resource is enough). In the LEA mode, two CBTS cabinets are combined with the additional one configured with only RFS (no BDS). This mode provides a capacity of 24 carrier sectors to deliver pure 1X service, or 4-carrier 3-sector for 1X + EV-DO. (In this mode, the BDS supports only 12 carrier sectors to deliver pure EV-DO service. That’s why the LS mode is more preferable for pure EV-DO service.)
ZXC10 CBTS (V1.0)Technical Manual 50 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION There are two workable approaches for local RFS extension: carrier extension (more than 4 carriers) and sector extension (more than 3 sectors). The two extension modes differ in the RFE board and the cable that connects two cabinets. Fig. 16 shows the board layout in LEA mode. FIG. 16 LEA MODE CHM0CHM0TRXTRXTRXRMM0RIM0RPDSAM0CCMCCMDSMGCMLPAPIM0LPALPASNMBTMTRXTRXTRXRMM1RPDSAM1LPAPIM0LPALPACHM0CHM0RFE5RFE5RFE5RFE5RFE5RFE5‘BASE-RF’optical fiberRF combined cabnet alternate cableRF combined cabnet alternate cableRF combined cabnet alternate cableBIMBIM
Chapter 4 - BTS Networking and Configuration Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 51 LEB Mode The LEB mode is basically a BDS + RFS extension approach to deliver pure DO or 1X + DO service. Two BTS cabinets are combined in this mode with the additional cabinet configured with both baseband and RF resource. This mode allows no sharing of baseband, that is, both master BTS and slave BTS have their own baseband and RF resource. However, both cabinets share the CCM and Abis interface. This mode provides a capacity of 24 carrier sectors to deliver pure DO service, or 4-carrier 3-sector for 1X + DO. There are two extension approaches for this mode: carrier extension (more than 4 carriers) and sector extension (more than 3 sectors). The two extension modes differ in the RFE board and the cable that connects two cabinets. Fig. 17 shows the board layout in LEA mode. FIG. 17 LEB MODE CHM1CHM1TRXTRXTRXRMM2RIM1RPDSAM0CCMCCMDSMGCMLPAPIM0LPALPASNMBTMTRXTRXTRXRMM2RPDSAM1LPAPIM0LPALPACHM1CHM1RFE5RFE5RFE5RFE5RFE5RFE5RF combined cabnet alternate cableRF combined cabnet alternate cableRF combined cabnet alternate cableBIMBIMCHM1CHM1RIM1SCMSCMCHM1CHM1BASE cascade cable
ZXC10 CBTS (V1.0)Technical Manual 52 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION RE Mode In the RE mode, the RFS is installed in a remote place from the BTS with the fiber used for connection. This mode applies when the remote RFS needs to share the local surplus BDS resource. For the BDS (4×CHM) in a single BTS, this mode provides a capacity of 12 carrier sectors to deliver pure EV-DO service and 24 carrier sectors to deliver pure 1X service. See below for the configuration. FIG. 18 RE MODE CHM0CHM0TRXTRXTRXRMM0RIM3RPDSAM0CCMCCMDSMGCMSNMBTMCHM0CHM0RFE1RFE1RFE1PIM0LPALPALPABIMRRFS RRFS RRFS
Chapter 4 - BTS Networking and Configuration Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 53 ME Mode The ME mode is a combination of LEB and RE modes. Both local extension (BDS and RFS) and remote extension (RFS, with fiber used for connection) are necessary for this mode. After BDS extension, the mode provides a max. capacity of 24 carrier sectors to deliver pure EV-DO service, or 48 carrier sectors to deliver 1X service. If the local master BTS is configured with 4-carrier 3-sector or less, the slave BTS may have no local RFS configured. If the local master BTS is configured with more than 4-carrier 3-sector, then the slave BTS should have RFS configured. The redundant BDS resource can be shared with the remote RFS. See below for the configuration. FIG. 19 ME MODE BDSLRFSBDSLRFSRRFSRRFSRRFSRRFSRRFSM-CBTS S-CBTS BTS Configuration BDS Configuration A master BDS includes SAM, GCM, CHM, RIM, CCM, DSM, SNM, BIM and RPD boards. A slave BDS is configured to suit different networking modes. Configuration requirement: CCM: usually configured in active/standby pairs. SNM: optional, usually not needed. CHM: configured according to the number of carriers. CHM0: As one CHM0 provides 256 CEs for 1X service, the number of CHM0 needed is k/256 (k is the total traffic erl).
ZXC10 CBTS (V1.0)Technical Manual 54 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION CHM1: As one CHM1 provides the capacity of 3 carrier sectors for EV-DO service, the number of CHM1 is n/3 (n is the total number EV-DO carrier sectors). CHM0 and CHM1 can be used together in the same shelf. RFS Configuration An RFS can be made up of LRFS and RRFS. LRFS works for the local BTS, while RRFS can work either for the local BTS or another BTS. This sector covers the configuration of LRFS only. The LRFS has such boards as BTM, TRX, RMM, LPA and RFE. The number of TRX and LPA to be configured depends on number of carriers and sectors. If 4 carriers are enough for continuous coverage, number of TRX/LPA is the same as that of sectors. If two 4 × carriers are needed, number of TRX/LPA is twice that of sectors. For example:  3 TRX and 3 LPA for 1-carrier 3-sector.  3 TRX and 3 LPA for 2-carrier (continuous) 3-sector.  3 TRX and 3 LPA for 3-carrier (continuous) 3-sector.  3 TRX and 3 LPA for 4-carrier (continuous) 3-sector.  TRX and 6 LPA for 8-carrier (continuous) 3-sector (3 of the 6 TRX and 3 of the 6 LPA can be installed in the added cabinet).  TRX and 6 LPA for 4-carrier (continuous) 6-sector (3 of the 6 TRX and 3 of the 6 LPA can be installed in the added cabinet). Neither LPA nor TRX is configured in active/standby pairs. PWS Configuration The primary power shelf can be omitted if the –48 VDC is ready on site. The primary power shelf needs to be prepared if there is only 220 V/110VAC ready on site.
Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 55 Chapter 5 Technical Indices In this chapter, you will learn about:  Environment indices of the BTS system  Performance indices (parameter requirements) of the functional components of the BTS system
ZXC10 CBTS (V1.0)Technical Manual 56 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION Environment Indices The environment indices set requirements on the physical parameters, power supply, grounding, temperature, humidity and cleanness, which are given in Table 4. TABLE 4 ENVIRONMENT INDICES Environment Indices Requirements Dimension (mm) Single cabinet (mm): W700 × D800 × H800 PWS cabinet (optional): W700 × D600 × H400 Weight (kg) 4-carrier 1–sector: 155 4-carrier 3-sector: 211 4-carrier 6-sector or 8-carrier 3-sector: 422 Physical Index Load-bearing of the floor (kg/m2) >377 Primary power supply input 150 V~300 V for 200 V AC or 90 V ~138 V for 100 V AC Secondary power supply input -42.3 V ~ -56.5 V if -48 V DC is used Power supply Power consumption Varies with the configuration (refer to Table 5.1-2) Grounding Joint grounding resistance ≤ 1 Ω Temperature Long-term: -5°C~50°C Short-term: -20°C~60°C Humidity Long-term: 15%~80% Short-term:5%~95% Cleanness Dust granule diameter <5 μm, dust granule density ≤ 13 ° 104 granules/m3 (dust granules should be non-conductive, non-magnetic and non-corrosive) Note: Temperature and humidity values are measured 2m above floor and 0.4m in front of equipment that has no fender at the front or back. By “short-term” it means less than continuous 48 hours or less than cumulative 15 days in a year.
Chapter 5 - Technical Indices Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 57 TABLE 5 BTS POWER CONSUMPTION Configuration Power Amplifier Output Working Voltage Max. Power Consumption for 1X Max. Power Consumption for DO Single-carrier single-sector LPA, 40 W -48 V Approx. 1400 W Approx. 1400 W 2-carrier 1–sector LPA, 40 W -48 V Approx. 1400 W Approx. 1400 W 3-carrier 1–sector LPA, 40 W -48 V Approx. 1400 W Approx. 1400 W 5-carrier 1-sector LPA, 40 W -48 V Approx. 2000 W Approx. 2000 W 7-carrier 1-sector LPA, 40 W -48 V Approx. 2000 W Approx. 2100 W 1-carrier 3–sector LPA, 40 W -48 V Approx. 2500 W Approx. 2600 W 2-carrier 3–sector LPA, 40 W -48 V Approx. 2600 W Approx. 2600 W 3-carrier 3-sector LPA, 40 W -48 V Approx. 2600 W Approx. 2700 W 4-carrier 3-sector LPA, 40 W -48 V Approx. 2600 W Approx. 2700 W 5-carrier 3-sector LPA, 40 W -48 V Approx. 4400 W Approx. 4500 W 7-carrier 3-sector LPA, 40 W -48 V Approx. 4500 W Approx. 4600 W 8-carrier 3-sector LPA, 40 W -48 V Approx. 4500 W Approx. 4700 W 1-carrier 6-sector LPA, 40 W -48 V Approx. 4300 W Approx. 4400 W 2-carrier 6-sector LPA, 40 W -48 V Approx. 4400 W Approx. 4500 W 3-carrier 6-sector LPA, 40 W -48 V Approx. 4500 W Approx. 4600 W 4-carrier 6-sector LPA, 40 W -48 V Approx. 4500 W Approx. 4700 W
ZXC10 CBTS (V1.0)Technical Manual 58 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION Performance Indices The performance indices set requirements on the reliability, interface, capacity, frequency band and clock. Reliability  Mean Time Between Critical Faults (MTBCF): > 100000 hours;  Mean Time Between Faults (MTBF): > 63492 hours;  Mean Time To Recovery (MTTR): 0.5 hours.  Availability: > 99.987%. Interface Abis interface: E1/T1 and SDH connection; Interface between BDS and RRFS: fiber connection. Capacity  A single BTS cabinet can be configured with 24 carrier sectors for 1X service or 12 carrier sectors for EV-DO service.  RRFS networking: star-, chain- or ring-shaped networking.  RRFS: One BDS can work with at most 24 RRFS sites.  A single LRFS (indoor) can be configured with at most 24 carrier sectors. Frequency Band The system supports five frequency bands as set forth in IS-97D “CDMA BTS Minimum Performance Standard”: Band Class 0 (800 MHz), Band Class 1 (1.9 GMHz), Band Class 5 (450 MHz), Band Class 6 (2.1 GMHz) and Band Class 10 (850 MHz). Specs of Bands 800 MHz, 450 MHz and 850 MHz 1. Receiver (with an LNA) TABLE 6 RECEIVER INDEX AT 800 MHZ, 450 MHZ AND 850 MHZ Working bands 800 MHz, 450 MHz and 850 MHz Channel bandwidth 1.23 MHz(800 MHz), 1.25 MHz (450 MHz, 850 MHz)
Chapter 5 - Technical Indices Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 59 Working bands 800 MHz, 450 MHz and 850 MHz Rx sensibility ≤ -125 dBm Rx dynamic range Rx sensibility ≤ dynamic range ≤ Noise level -65 dBm/1.23 MHz (Eb/N0 = 10 dB ± 1 dB ), FER < 1% Block-proof 800 MHz: ± 750 kHz offset center freq; if monotone = 50dB (as opposed to CDMA signal level), when FER < 1.5%; increase of MS output power ≤ 3 dB; ± 900 kHz offset center freq; if monotone = 87dB (as opposed to CDMA signal level), when FER < 1.5%; increase of MS output power ≤ 3 dB; 450 MHz: ± 900 kHz offset center freq; if monotone = 87dB (as opposed to CDMA signal level), when FER < 1.5%; increase of MS output power ≤ 3 dB; 850 MHz: ± 1.25MHz offset center freq; if monotone = 80dB (as opposed to CDMA signal level), when FER < 1.5%; increase of MS output power ≤ 3 dB; Inter-modulation spurious response attenuation sensibility 800 MHz and 450 MHz: 900kHz ~ 1.7MHz and –900kHz ~ -1.7MHz offset center freq; if dual-tone = 72dB (as opposed to CDMA signal level, when FER < 1.5%; increase of MS output power ≤ 3 dB; 850 MHz: 1.25MHz ~ 2.05MHz and -1.25MHz ~ -2.05MHz offset center freq; if dual-tone = 72dB (as opposed to CDMA signal level, when FER < 1.5%; increase of MS output power ≤ 3 dB; Rx conductive and emissive spurious range < -80 dBm (within the BTS Rx frequency) < -60 dBm (within the BTS Tx frequency) < -47 dBm (at other frequencies), RBW = 30 kHz VSWR of RFE (Rx) < 1.50 2. Transmitter TABLE 7 TRANSMITTER INDEX AT 800 MHZ, 450 MHZ AND 850 MHZ Working bands 800 MHz, 450 MHz and 850 MHz Transmitter frequency tolerance ≤ 5×10-8 Channel bandwidth 1.23 MHz (800 MHz), 1.25 MHz (450 MHz, 850 MHz) Tx modulation Quadrature modulation Conductive / emissive spurious transmission < -45 dBc @±750 kHz offset center freq (RBW 30 kHz) < -60 dBc @±1.98 MHz offset center freq(RBW
ZXC10 CBTS (V1.0)Technical Manual 60 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION Working bands 800 MHz, 450 MHz and 850 MHz suppression 30kHz) > 4 MHz offset: < -36 dBm (RBW 1 kHz) @ 9KHz < f < 150 kHz < -36 dBm (RBW 10 kHz) @ 150KHz < f < 30 MHz < -30 dBm (RBW 1 MHz) @ 1GHz < f < 12.5 GHz 4MHz ~ 6.4 MHz offset: < -36 dBm (RBW 1kHz) @ 30 MHz < f < 1 GHz 6.4MHz ~ 16MHz offset: < 36 dBm (RBW 10 kHz) @ 30 MHz < f < 1 GHz > 16 MHz offset: < -36 dBm (RBW 100 kHz) @ 30 MHz < f < 1 GHz Code domain power (inactive channel) 32 dB less than the total output power Total power Rated power -4 dB ~ rated power + 2 dB (refer to IS-97D for the definition and test of total power) Waveform quality (multi-carrier) ρ> 0.97 Pilot time tolerance < 3 us; ±1 us between every two CDMA channels of the same BTS; If the outer system clock is interrupted, the time difference between the BTS and CDMA should be kept no more than ±10 us during 8 hours’ time Pilot channel and code-division channel time tolerance < ±50 ns in the same CDMA channel Pilot channel and code-division channel phase tolerance ≤ 0.05 (in radian) in the same CDMA channel Pilot power Ratio of pilot power / total power ≤ ±0.5 dB of the configured value Rated output power of amplifier LPA: 40 W; DPA: 40 W /80 W Output linear dynamic range > 30 dB RF (Tx) front end VSWR < 1.50
Chapter 5 - Technical Indices Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 61 Specs of 1.9 GHz and 2.1GHz 1. Receiver (with an LNA) TABLE 8 RECEIVER INDEX AT 1.9 GHZ AND 2.1GHZ Working band 1.9 GHz、2.1GHz Channel bandwidth 1.25 MHz Rx sensibility < -125 dBm Rx dynamic range Rx sensibility (less than –127dBm) ≤ dynamic range ≤ Noise level of the antenna (no less than -65 dBm/1.25 MHz, when Eb/N0 = 10 dB ± 1 dB, FER < 1% Block-proof ± 1.25 MHz offset center freq; if monotone = 80dB (as opposed to CDMA signal level without interference), when FER < 1.5%; increase of MS output power ≤ 3 dB Inter-modulation spurious response attenuation sensibility 1.25 MHz ~ 2.05 MHz and -1.25 MHz ~ -2.05 MHz offset center freq; if dual-tone = 70dB (as opposed to CDMA signal level without interference), FER < 1.5%; increase of MS output power ≤ 3 dB Rx conductive and emission spurious range < -80 dBm (in BTS Rx band); < -60 dBm (in BTS Tx band) 1.9 GHz: < -47 dBm, RBW(30kHz) and all other frequencies 2.1 GHz: -57dBm (RBW 100KHz) 30MHz < f < 1GHz -47dBm (RBW 1MHz) 1GHz < f < 12.75GHz RF (Rx) front end VSWR < 1.50 2. Transmitter TABLE 9 TRANSMITTER INDEX AT 1.9 GHZ AND 2.1GHZ Working bands 1.9 GHz and 2.1GHz Transmitter frequency tolerance ≤ 5×10-8 Channel bandwidth 1.25 MHz Tx modulation Quadrature modulation Conductive / emissive spurious transmission suppression In Band Class 6: < -45 dBc @±885 kHz offset center freq (RBW 30 kHz) < -55 dBc @±1.98MHz offset center freq (RBW 30 kHz) < -13 dBm @±2.75MHz offset center freq
ZXC10 CBTS (V1.0)Technical Manual 62 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION Working bands 1.9 GHz and 2.1GHz (RBW 1MHz) > 4MHz offset: < -36 dBm(RBW 1 kHz) @ 9KHz < f <150 kHz < -36 dBm(RBW 10 kHz) @ 150KHz < f < 30 MHz < -36 dBm(RBW 100 kHz) @ 30MHz < f < 1 GHz 4-16MHz offset: < -30 dBm (RBW 30 kHz) @ 1 GHz < f < 12.5 GHz 16 M ~ 19.2 M offset: < -30 dBm (RBW 300 kHz) @ 1 GHz < f < 12.5 GHz Code domain power (inactive channel) 32 dB less than the total output power Total power Rated power -4 dB ~ rated power + 2 dB (refer to IS-97D for the definition and test of total power) Waveform quality ρ > 0.97 Pilot time tolerance < 3 us; ±1 us between every two CDMA channels of the same BTS; If the outer system clock is interrupted, the time difference between the BTS and CDMA should be kept no more than ±10 us during 8 hours’ time Pilot channel and code-division channel time tolerance < ±50 ns in the same CDMA channel Pilot channel and code-division phase tolerance ≤ 0.05 (in radian) in the same CDMA channel Pilot power Ratio of pilot power / total power ≤ ±0.5 dB of the configured value Output power of amplifier LPA: 40W; DPA: 40W /80W Output linear dynamic range > 30 dB RF (Tx) front end VSWR < 1.50 Clock 1. BTS Clock technical parameters  Frequency benchmark: The accuracy of frequency 10 MHz is better than 10-11 in GPS locked status and is better than 10-10 in the holdover status.  The temperature variation is required to be less than ±0.5 ×10-9. 2. Clock Synchronization Source
Chapter 5 - Technical Indices Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 63 The GCM provides reliable clock for a short term and ensures the locked status of clock during 72 hours after the GPS synchronous signal is lost. 3. Clock System Performance The frequency difference is less than 0.05 ppm, and phase difference less than 10 us. Noise The ambient noise of BTS is no greater than 75dBA.
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Appendix A - Abbreviations Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 65 Appendix A Abbreviations Abbreviation Full name 1X EV 1X Evolution 1X EV-DO 1X Evolution Data Only 1X EV-DV 1X Evolution Data & Voice 2G BTS 2G Base Station Transceiver 3G BTS 3G Base Station Transceiver 3GPP2 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 A AAA Authentication, Authorization, Accounting Abis Abis Interface—the interface of BSC--BTS AN Access network APD AC Power Distribution Module AUC Authentication Center A interface A Interface—the interface of BSC-MSC B BBDS Backplane of BDS B-BDS Backplane of Baseband Digital Subsystem BBS BTS Baseband Subsystem BCS BTS Communication Subsystem BDM Baseband Digital Module BDS Baseband Digital System BGPS Backplane of GPS BIM BDS Interface Module BLPA Backplane of LPA BPD BDS Power Distribute BPWS Backplane of PWS
ZXC10 CBTS (V1.0)Technical Manual 66 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION Abbreviation Full name BRFE Backplane of RFE BRFS Backplane of TRX and BDM/RFM BS Base Station BSC Base Station Controller BSS Base Station System BTM BTS Test Module BTRX Backplane of TRX BTS Base Transceiver Station C CDMA Code Division Multiple Address CDMA2000-1X CDMA2000 Phase One CHM Channel Processing Module CHM-1X Channel Processing Module for CDMA2000 CHM-95 Channel Processing Module for IS-95 CLK Clock CN Core Network CSM5000 Cell Site Modem ASIC 5000 CSM5500 Cell Site Modem ASIC 5500 CTDMA Code and Time Division Multiple Address D DBS Database Subsystem DS-CDMA Direct-Sequence Code Division Multiple Address DSM Data Service Module DUP Duplexer E EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility EMF Network Element Mediation Function EMI Electromagnetic interference EMS electromagnetic susceptibility F FD Full duplex FDD Frequency Division Duplex FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access G GCM GPS Control Module
Appendix A - Abbreviations Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 67 Abbreviation Full name GLI GE Line Interface GPS Global Position System GSM Globe System for Mobil Communication H HA Home Agent HLR Home Location Register HPA High Power Amplifier HRPD High rate packet data I I/O Input/Output ID Identifier IMT-2000 International Mobile Telecommunications 2000 IP Internet Protocol ISO International Standardization Organization ISP Internet Service Provider ITU International Telecommunications Union K kbps kilo-bits per second L LPA Linear Power Amplifier M MSC Mobile Switching Center O OIM Optical Interface Module OMC Operation Maintenance Centre OMF Operation Maintenance Function OMI Operation Maintenance Interface OMM Operation Maintenance Module OSS Operating Systems Subsystem OTD Orthogonal Transmit Diversity P PA Power Amplifier PCF Packet Control Function PCH Paging Channel PDSN Packet Data Service Node
ZXC10 CBTS (V1.0)Technical Manual 68 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION Abbreviation Full name PI Page Indicator PLMN Public Land Mobile Network PMM Power Monitor Module PPM Power Process Module PRM Power Rectifier Module PSMC Power Supplier Module C PSMD Power Supplier Module D PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network PWS Power System Q QoS Quality of Service R RFS RFIM RIM RF Interface Module RMM RF Management Module RPD RFS Power Distribute RX Receiver RXB Receiver Board S SAM Site Alarm Module SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy SPS Signal Process Subsystem SS7 Signaling System No.7 STS T TCP Transmission Control Protocol TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol TD-CDMA Time Division-Code Division Multiple Access TDD Time Division Duplex TDMA Time Division Multiple Address TOD Time of Date TRX Transmitter and Receiver TX Transmit TXB Transmitter Board U
Appendix A - Abbreviations Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 69 Abbreviation Full name UI User Interface Um interface Um Interface—the interface of MS-BTS Z ZXC10 AGWB c dma 200 0 Access Gateway ZXC10 BDSB cdma2000 Baseband Digital System ZXC10 BSCB cdma2000 Base Station Controller ZXC10 BTSB cdma2000 Base Transceiver Station ZXC10 CBTS cdma2000 Compact Base Transceiver Station ZXC10 MBTS cdma2000 Micro Base Transceiver Station ZXC10 MGWB cdma2 000 Media Gateway) ZXC10 PBTS cdma2000 Pico Base Transceiver Station ZXC10 PWSB cdma2000 Power System ZXC10 RFSB cdma2000 Radio Frequency System
Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 71 Figures Fig. 1 Position of BTS in BSS ....................................................................... 14 Fig. 2 BTS Physical Structure....................................................................... 23 Fig. 3 BTS Logical Structure ........................................................................ 24 Fig. 4 BDS Schematic Diagram .................................................................... 26 Fig. 5 BDS Configuration.............................................................................. 28 Fig. 6 SBDS Configuration........................................................................... 29 Fig. 7 RFS Schematic Diagram..................................................................... 31 Fig. 8 RFE Configuration ............................................................................. 33 Fig. 9 PWS Schematic Diagram.................................................................... 34 Fig. 10 Primary Power Supply of PWS........................................................... 35 Fig. 11 BTS Software Structure.................................................................... 37 Fig. 12 cdma2000 BSS Networking .............................................................. 45 Fig. 13 BSS Networking .............................................................................. 46 Fig. 14 BTS Board Layout in LS Mode ............................................................ 48 Fig. 15 RS Mode ........................................................................................ 49 Fig. 16 LEA Mode ....................................................................................... 50 Fig. 17 LEB Mode ....................................................................................... 51 Fig. 18 RE Mode ........................................................................................ 52 Fig. 19 ME Mode ........................................................................................ 53
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Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 73 Tables Table 1 Frequency Bands Supported by BTS.................................................. 16 Table 2 BTS Boards.................................................................................... 25 Table 3 BTS Networking Modes.................................................................... 47 Table 4 Environment Indices ....................................................................... 56 Table 5 BTS Power Consumption.................................................................. 57 Table 6 Receiver Index at 800 MHz, 450 MHz and 850 MHz............................. 58 Table 7 Transmitter Index at 800 MHz, 450 MHz and 850 MHz ........................ 59 Table 8 Receiver Index at 1.9 GHz and 2.1GHz.............................................. 61 Table 9 Transmitter Index at 1.9 GHz and 2.1GHz ......................................... 61

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