ZyXEL Communications IX253P WiMAX MIMO 2.5GHz Indoor Simple CPE User Manual User s manual

ZyXEL Communications Corporation WiMAX MIMO 2.5GHz Indoor Simple CPE User s manual

User Manual

IX253PFirmware Version 3.70Edition 1, 11/2010Default Login DetailsIP Address:http://192.168.1.1Administrator’s User Name and Password:admin / adminUser’s User Name and Password:user / userWiMAX MIMO IndoorSimple CPE
About This User's GuideUser s Guide 3About This User's GuideIntended AudienceThis manual is intended for people who want to configure the WiMAX Modem using the web configurator. You should have at least a basic knowledge of TCP/IP networking concepts and topology.Related Documentation•Quick Start Guide The Quick Start Guide is designed to help you get up and running right away. It contains information on setting up your network and configuring for Internet access.•Web Configurator Online HelpEmbedded web help for descriptions of individual screens and supplementary information.•Command Reference GuideThe Command Reference Guide explains how to use the Command-Line Interface (CLI) and CLI commands to configure the WiMAX Modem.Note: It is recommended you use the web configurator to configure the WiMAX Modem.•Support DiscRefer to the included CD for support documents.
Document ConventionsUser s Guide4Document ConventionsWarnings and NotesThese are how warnings and notes are shown in this User’s Guide. Warnings tell you about things that could harm you or your WiMAX Modem.Note: Notes tell you other important information (for example, other things you may need to configure or helpful tips) or recommendations.Syntax Conventions•The product(s) described in this book may be referred to as the “WiMAX Modem”, the “device”, the “system” or the “product” in this User’s Guide.•Product labels, screen names, field labels and field choices are all in bold font.•A key stroke is denoted by square brackets and uppercase text, for example, [ENTER] means the “enter” or “return” key on your keyboard.•“Enter” means for you to type one or more characters and then press the [ENTER] key. “Select” or “choose” means for you to use one of the predefined choices.•A right angle bracket ( > ) within a screen name denotes a mouse click. For example, TOOLS > Logs > Log Settings means you first click Tools in the navigation panel, then the Logs sub menu and finally the Log Settings tab to get to that screen.•Units of measurement may denote the “metric” value or the “scientific” value. For example, “k” for kilo may denote “1000” or “1024”, “M” for mega may denote “1000000” or “1048576” and so on.•“e.g.,” is a shorthand for “for instance”, and “i.e.,” means “that is” or “in other words”.DisclaimerGraphics in this book may differ slightly from the product due to differences in operating systems, operating system versions, or if you installed updated firmware/software for your device. Every effort has been made to ensure that the information in this manual is accurate.
Document ConventionsUser s Guide 5Icons Used in FiguresFigures in this User’s Guide may use the following generic icons. The WiMAX Modem icon is not an exact representation of your WiMAX Modem.Table 1 Common IconsWiMAX Access PointComputerWireless SignalNotebookServerWiMAX Base StationTelephoneSwitchRouterInternet CloudInternet/WiMAX Cloud
Safety WarningsUser s Guide6Safety WarningsFor your safety, be sure to read and follow all warning notices and instructions.•Do NOT use this product near water, for example, in a wet basement or near a swimming pool.•Do NOT expose your device to dampness, dust or corrosive liquids.•Do NOT store things on the device.•Do NOT install, use, or service this device during a thunderstorm. There is a remote risk of electric shock from lightning.•Connect ONLY suitable accessories to the device.•Do NOT open the device or unit. Opening or removing covers can expose you to dangerous high voltage points or other risks. ONLY qualified service personnel should service or disassemble this device. Please contact your vendor for further information.•Make sure to connect the cables to the correct ports.•Place connecting cables carefully so that no one will step on them or stumble over them.•Always disconnect all cables from this device before servicing or disassembling.•Use ONLY an appropriate power adaptor or cord for your device. Connect it to the right supply voltage (for example, 110V AC in North America or 230V AC in Europe).•Do NOT remove the plug and connect it to a power outlet by itself; always attach the plug to the power adaptor first before connecting it to a power outlet.•Do NOT allow anything to rest on the power adaptor or cord and do NOT place the product where anyone can walk on the power adaptor or cord.•Do NOT use the device if the power adaptor or cord is damaged as it might cause electrocution.•If the power adaptor or cord is damaged, remove it from the device and the power source.•Do NOT attempt to repair the power adaptor or cord. Contact your local vendor to order a new one.Do not use the device outside, and make sure all the connections are indoors. There is a remote risk of electric shock from lightning.•Do NOT obstruct the device ventilation slots, as insufficient airflow may harm your device.Use only No. 26 AWG (American Wire Gauge) or larger telecommunication line cord.•Antenna Warning! This device meets ETSI and FCC certification requirements when using the included antenna(s). Only use the included antenna(s).•If you wall mount your device, make sure that no electrical lines, gas or water pipes will be damaged.
Safety WarningsUser s Guide 7•Make sure that the cable system is grounded so as to provide some protection against voltage surges.Your product is marked with this symbol, which is known as the WEEE mark. WEEE stands for Waste Electronics and Electrical Equipment. It means that used electrical and electronic products should not be mixed with general waste. Used electrical and electronic equipment should be treated separately.
Safety WarningsUser s Guide8Federal Communication Commission Interference Statement This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one of the following measures: - Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. - Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver. - Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected. - Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help. FCC Caution: Any changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate this equipment. This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. IMPORTANT NOTE: FCC Radiation Exposure Statement: This equipment complies with FCC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment. This equipment should be installed and operated with minimum distance 20cm between the radiator & your body. This transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter.
Contents OverviewUser s Guide 9Contents OverviewUser’s Guide ...........................................................................................................................29Getting Started ...........................................................................................................................31Introducing the Web Configurator ..............................................................................................35Internet Connection Wizard....................................................................................................... 41VoIP Connection Wizard ............................................................................................................47Technical Reference ..............................................................................................................51The Setup Screens ....................................................................................................................53The LAN Configuration Screens ................................................................................................59The WAN Configuration Screens ...............................................................................................71The NAT Configuration Screens ................................................................................................83The System Configuration Screens ...........................................................................................93The Service Configuration Screens .........................................................................................103The Phone Screens .................................................................................................................121The Phone Book Screens ........................................................................................................131The Certificates Screens .........................................................................................................137The Firewall Screens ...............................................................................................................157Content Filter ...........................................................................................................................167The Remote Management Screens .........................................................................................171QoS .........................................................................................................................................183The Logs Screens ...................................................................................................................187The Status Screen ...................................................................................................................203Troubleshooting .......................................................................................................................215Product Specifications .............................................................................................................223
Contents OverviewUser s Guide10
Table of ContentsUser s Guide 11Table of ContentsAbout This User's Guide..........................................................................................................3Document Conventions............................................................................................................4Safety Warnings........................................................................................................................6Contents Overview...................................................................................................................9Table of Contents....................................................................................................................11List of Figures.........................................................................................................................19List of Tables...........................................................................................................................25Part I: User’s Guide................................................................................29Chapter 1Getting Started........................................................................................................................311.1 About Your WiMAX Modem .................................................................................................311.1.1 WiMAX Internet Access .............................................................................................311.1.2 Make Calls via Internet Telephony Service Provider ..................................................321.2 WiMAX Modem Hardware ...................................................................................................331.2.1 LEDs ..........................................................................................................................331.3 Good Habits for Managing the Device .................................................................................34Chapter 2Introducing the Web Configurator........................................................................................352.1 Overview ..............................................................................................................................352.1.1 Accessing the Web Configurator ................................................................................352.1.2 The Reset Button .......................................................................................................372.2 The Main Screen .................................................................................................................38Chapter 3Internet Connection Wizard...................................................................................................413.1 Overview ..............................................................................................................................413.1.1 Welcome to the Setup Wizard ....................................................................................413.1.2 System Information ....................................................................................................423.1.3 Authentication Settings ..............................................................................................433.1.4 IP Address ..................................................................................................................45
Table of ContentsUser s Guide123.1.5 Setup Complete .........................................................................................................46Chapter 4VoIP Connection Wizard.........................................................................................................474.1 Overview ..............................................................................................................................474.2 Welcome to the Setup Wizard .............................................................................................474.2.1 First Voice Account Settings ......................................................................................484.2.2 Setup Complete .........................................................................................................50Part II: Technical Reference..................................................................51Chapter 5The Setup Screens..................................................................................................................535.1 Overview ..............................................................................................................................535.1.1 What You Can Do in This Chapter .............................................................................535.1.2 What You Need to Know ............................................................................................535.1.3 Before You Begin .......................................................................................................545.2 Set IP Address .....................................................................................................................545.3 DHCP Client ........................................................................................................................555.4 Time Setting .........................................................................................................................565.4.1 Pre-Defined NTP Time Servers List ...........................................................................575.4.2 Resetting the Time .....................................................................................................58Chapter 6The LAN Configuration Screens............................................................................................596.1 Overview ..............................................................................................................................596.1.1 What You Can Do in This Chapter .............................................................................596.1.2 What You Need to Know ............................................................................................596.2 DHCP Setup ........................................................................................................................606.3 Static DHCP .........................................................................................................................626.4 IP Static Route .....................................................................................................................636.4.1 IP Static Route Setup .................................................................................................646.5 Other Settings ......................................................................................................................656.6 Technical Reference ............................................................................................................666.6.1 IP Address and Subnet Mask .....................................................................................676.6.2 DHCP Setup ...............................................................................................................676.6.3 LAN TCP/IP ................................................................................................................686.6.4 DNS Server Address ..................................................................................................686.6.5 RIP Setup ...................................................................................................................696.6.6 Multicast .....................................................................................................................69
Table of ContentsUser s Guide 13Chapter 7The WAN Configuration Screens...........................................................................................717.1 Overview ..............................................................................................................................717.1.1 What You Can Do in This Chapter .............................................................................717.1.2 What You Need to Know ............................................................................................717.2 Internet Connection .............................................................................................................747.3 WiMAX Configuration ..........................................................................................................767.3.1 Frequency Ranges .....................................................................................................787.3.2 Configuring Frequency Settings .................................................................................797.3.3 Using the WiMAX Frequency Screen .........................................................................797.4 Advanced .............................................................................................................................81Chapter 8The NAT Configuration Screens............................................................................................838.1 Overview ..............................................................................................................................838.1.1 What You Can Do in This Chapter .............................................................................838.2 General ................................................................................................................................838.3 Port Forwarding ..................................................................................................................848.3.1 Port Forwarding Options ............................................................................................858.3.2 Port Forwarding Rule Setup .......................................................................................878.4 Trigger Port ..........................................................................................................................888.4.1 Trigger Port Forwarding Example ..............................................................................908.5 ALG .....................................................................................................................................91Chapter 9The System Configuration Screens......................................................................................939.1 Overview ..............................................................................................................................939.1.1 What You Can Do in This Chapter .............................................................................939.1.2 What You Need to Know ............................................................................................939.2 General ...............................................................................................................................959.3 Dynamic DNS ......................................................................................................................969.4 Firmware ..............................................................................................................................989.4.1 The Firmware Upload Process ...................................................................................999.5 Configuration .....................................................................................................................1009.5.1 The Restore Configuration Process .........................................................................1019.6 Restart ...............................................................................................................................1019.6.1 The Restart Process ................................................................................................1029.7 Bridge ................................................................................................................................102Chapter 10The Service Configuration Screens....................................................................................10310.1 Overview ..........................................................................................................................10310.1.1 What You Can Do in This Chapter .........................................................................103
Table of ContentsUser s Guide1410.1.2 What You Need to Know ........................................................................................10310.1.3 Before you Begin ....................................................................................................10510.2 SIP Settings .....................................................................................................................10510.2.1 Advanced SIP Settings ..........................................................................................10710.3 QoS ..................................................................................................................................11310.4 Technical Reference .........................................................................................................11510.4.1 SIP Call Progression ...............................................................................................11510.4.2 SIP Client Server .....................................................................................................11610.4.3 SIP User Agent .......................................................................................................11610.4.4 SIP Proxy Server .....................................................................................................11610.4.5 SIP Redirect Server ................................................................................................11710.4.6 NAT and SIP ...........................................................................................................11810.4.7 DiffServ ...................................................................................................................11810.4.8 DSCP and Per-Hop Behavior ..................................................................................119Chapter 11The Phone Screens...............................................................................................................12111.1 Overview ..........................................................................................................................12111.1.1 What You Can Do in This Chapter .........................................................................12111.1.2 What You Need to Know ........................................................................................12111.2 Analog Phone ..................................................................................................................12211.2.1 Advanced Analog Phone Setup .............................................................................12311.3 Common ..........................................................................................................................12411.4 Region ..............................................................................................................................12511.5 Technical Reference ........................................................................................................12611.5.1 The Flash Key ........................................................................................................12611.5.2 Europe Type Supplementary Phone Services ........................................................12611.5.3 USA Type Supplementary Services .......................................................................128Chapter 12The Phone Book Screens.....................................................................................................13112.1 Overview ..........................................................................................................................13112.1.1 What You Can Do in This Chapter .........................................................................13112.1.2 What You Need to Know ........................................................................................13112.2 Incoming Call Policy ........................................................................................................13212.3 Speed Dial .......................................................................................................................134Chapter 13The Certificates Screens......................................................................................................13713.1 Overview ..........................................................................................................................13713.1.1 What You Can Do in This Chapter .........................................................................13713.1.2 What You Need to Know ........................................................................................13713.2 My Certificates .................................................................................................................138
Table of ContentsUser s Guide 1513.2.1 My Certificates Create ............................................................................................14013.2.2 My Certificate Edit ..................................................................................................14313.2.3 My Certificate Import ............................................................................................14613.3 Trusted CAs .....................................................................................................................14713.3.1 Trusted CA Edit .....................................................................................................14913.3.2 Trusted CA Import .................................................................................................15213.4 Technical Reference ........................................................................................................15213.4.1 Certificate Authorities .............................................................................................15313.4.2 Verifying a Certificate .............................................................................................155Chapter 14The Firewall Screens............................................................................................................15714.1 Overview ..........................................................................................................................15714.1.1 What You Can Do in This Chapter .........................................................................15714.1.2 What You Need to Know ........................................................................................15714.2 Firewall Setting ................................................................................................................15814.2.1 Firewall Rule Directions .........................................................................................15814.2.2 Triangle Route ........................................................................................................15914.2.3 Firewall Setting Options .........................................................................................16014.3 Services ...........................................................................................................................16114.4 Technical Reference ........................................................................................................16214.4.1 Stateful Inspection Firewall. ...................................................................................16214.4.2 Guidelines For Enhancing Security With Your Firewall ..........................................16314.4.3 The !Triangle Route" Problem ................................................................................163Chapter 15Content Filter.........................................................................................................................16715.1 Overview ..........................................................................................................................16715.1.1 What You Can Do in This Chapter .........................................................................16715.2 Filter .................................................................................................................................16815.3 Schedule ..........................................................................................................................170Chapter 16The Remote Management Screens.....................................................................................17116.1 Overview ..........................................................................................................................17116.1.1 What You Can Do in This Chapter .........................................................................17116.1.2 What You Need to Know ........................................................................................17216.2 WWW ..............................................................................................................................17316.3 Telnet ...............................................................................................................................17416.4 FTP ..................................................................................................................................17416.5 SNMP ..............................................................................................................................17516.5.1 SNMP Traps ...........................................................................................................17616.5.2 SNMP Options .......................................................................................................177
Table of ContentsUser s Guide1616.6 DNS .................................................................................................................................17816.7 Security ............................................................................................................................17916.8 CWMP-TR069 .................................................................................................................180Chapter 17QoS.........................................................................................................................................18317.1 Overview ..........................................................................................................................18317.2 General ............................................................................................................................18317.3 Class Setup .....................................................................................................................18417.3.1 Class Configuration ................................................................................................185Chapter 18The Logs Screens.................................................................................................................18718.1 Overview ..........................................................................................................................18718.1.1 What You Can Do in This Chapter .........................................................................18718.1.2 What You Need to Know ........................................................................................18718.2 View Logs ........................................................................................................................18918.3 Log Settings .....................................................................................................................19118.4 Log Message Descriptions ..............................................................................................193Chapter 19The Status Screen.................................................................................................................20319.1 Overview ..........................................................................................................................20319.2 Status Screen ..................................................................................................................20319.2.1 WiMAX Site Information .........................................................................................20819.2.2 Packet Statistics .....................................................................................................20919.2.3 VoIP Statistics ........................................................................................................21019.2.4 WiMAX Profile ........................................................................................................21219.2.5 DHCP Table ...........................................................................................................213Chapter 20Troubleshooting....................................................................................................................21520.1 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs ......................................................................21520.2 WiMAX Modem Access and Login ..................................................................................21620.3 Internet Access ................................................................................................................21820.4 Phone Calls and VoIP ......................................................................................................22020.5 Export a Certificate File ...................................................................................................22120.6 Reset the WiMAX Modem to Its Factory Defaults ...........................................................22220.6.1 Pop-up Windows, JavaScript and Java Permissions .............................................222Chapter 21Product Specifications.........................................................................................................223Appendix A WiMAX Security................................................................................................231
Table of ContentsUser s Guide 17Appendix B Setting Up Your Computer s IP Address...........................................................235Appendix C Pop-up Windows, JavaScript and Java Permissions........................................263Appendix D IP Addresses and Subnetting...........................................................................273Appendix E Importing Certificates........................................................................................285Appendix F SIP Passthrough...............................................................................................315Appendix G Common Services............................................................................................317Index.......................................................................................................................................321
Table of ContentsUser s Guide18
List of FiguresUser s Guide 19List of FiguresFigure 1 Mobile Station and Base Station ...............................................................................................31Figure 2 WiMAX Modem s VoIP Features - Peer-to-Peer Calls .............................................................32Figure 3 WiMAX Modem s VoIP Features - Calls via VoIP Service Provider .........................................32Figure 4 The WiMAX Modem s LEDs .....................................................................................................33Figure 5 Main Screen .............................................................................................................................38Figure 6 Select a Mode ..........................................................................................................................41Figure 7 Internet Connection Wizard > System Information ...................................................................42Figure 8 Internet Connection Wizard > Authentication Settings Screen .................................................43Figure 9 Internet Connection Wizard > IP Address ................................................................................45Figure 10 Internet Connection Wizard > Complete ................................................................................46Figure 11 Select a Mode .........................................................................................................................47Figure 12 VoIP Connection > First Voice Account Settings ....................................................................48Figure 13 VoIP Connection > SIP Registration Test ...............................................................................49Figure 14 VoIP Connection > SIP Registration Fail ................................................................................50Figure 15 VoIP Connection > Finish ......................................................................................................50Figure 16 SETUP > Set IP Address .......................................................................................................54Figure 17 SETUP > Set IP Address .......................................................................................................55Figure 18 SETUP > Time Setting ...........................................................................................................56Figure 19 ADVANCED > LAN Configuration > DHCP Setup .................................................................60Figure 20 ADVANCED > LAN Configuration > Static DHCP ..................................................................62Figure 21 Advanced> LAN Configuration > IP Static Route ...................................................................63Figure 22 Advanced> LAN Configuration > IP Static Route Setup .........................................................64Figure 23 ADVANCED > LAN Configuration > Advanced ......................................................................65Figure 24 WiMax: Mobile Station ............................................................................................................72Figure 25 WiMAX: Multiple Mobile Stations ............................................................................................72Figure 26 Using an AAA Server .............................................................................................................73Figure 27 ADVANCED > WAN Configuration > Internet Connection .....................................................74Figure 28 ADVANCED > WAN Configuration >WiMAX Configuration ................................................77Figure 29 Frequency Ranges .................................................................................................................78Figure 30 Completing the WiMAX Frequency Screen ............................................................................80Figure 31 ADVANCED > WAN Configuration > Advanced ................................................................81Figure 32 ADVANCED > NAT Configuration > General .........................................................................83Figure 33 Multiple Servers Behind NAT Example ..................................................................................85Figure 34 ADVANCED > NAT Configuration > Port Forwarding .............................................................85Figure 35 ADVANCED > NAT Configuration > Port Forwarding > Rule Setup .......................................87Figure 36 ADVANCED > NAT Configuration > Trigger Port ...................................................................88Figure 37 Trigger Port Forwarding Example ...........................................................................................90Figure 38 ADVANCED > NAT Configuration > ALG ...............................................................................91
List of FiguresUser s Guide20Figure 39 ADVANCED > System Configuration > General ....................................................................95Figure 40 ADVANCED > System Configuration > Dynamic DNS ...........................................................97Figure 41 ADVANCED > System Configuration > Firmware ..................................................................98Figure 42 ADVANCED > System Configuration > Configuration ..........................................................100Figure 43 ADVANCED > System Configuration > Restart ....................................................................101Figure 44 ADVANCED > System Configuration > Bridge .....................................................................102Figure 45 VOICE > Service Configuration > SIP Setting ......................................................................105Figure 46 STUN Example .....................................................................................................................107Figure 47 VOICE > Service Configuration > SIP Settings > Advanced ................................................109Figure 48 VOICE > Service Configuration > QoS .................................................................................114Figure 49 SIP User Agent ......................................................................................................................116Figure 50 SIP Proxy Server ...................................................................................................................117Figure 51 SIP Redirect Server ...............................................................................................................118Figure 52 DiffServ: Differentiated Service Field .....................................................................................119Figure 53 VOICE > Phone > Analog Phone .........................................................................................122Figure 54 VOICE > Phone > Analog Phone > Advanced .....................................................................123Figure 55 VOICE > Phone > Common .................................................................................................124Figure 56 VOICE > Phone > Region ....................................................................................................125Figure 57 VOICE > Phone Book > Incoming Call Policy ......................................................................132Figure 58 VOICE > Phone Book > Speed Dial .....................................................................................134Figure 59 TOOLS > Certificates > My Certificates ............................................................................138Figure 60 TOOLS > Certificates > My Certificates > Create ................................................................140Figure 61 TOOLS > Certificates > My Certificates > Edit ....................................................................143Figure 62 TOOLS > Certificates > My Certificates > Import .................................................................146Figure 63 TOOLS > Certificates > Trusted CAs ...................................................................................147Figure 64 TOOLS > Certificates > Trusted CAs > Edit ......................................................................149Figure 65 TOOLS > Certificates > Trusted CAs > Import .....................................................................152Figure 66 Remote Host Certificates .....................................................................................................155Figure 67 Certificate Details ................................................................................................................156Figure 68 Firewall Rule Directions ........................................................................................................158Figure 69 Ideal Firewall Setup ..............................................................................................................159Figure 70 TOOLS > Firewall > General ................................................................................................160Figure 71 TOOLS > Firewall > Services ...............................................................................................161Figure 72 !Triangle Route" Problem .....................................................................................................164Figure 73 IP Alias .................................................................................................................................165Figure 74 TOOLS > Content Filter > Filter ...........................................................................................168Figure 75 TOOLS > Content Filter > Schedule ....................................................................................170Figure 76 TOOLS > Remote Management > WWW ............................................................................173Figure 77 TOOLS > Remote Management > Telnet .............................................................................174Figure 78 TOOLS > Remote Management > FTP ................................................................................174Figure 79 SNMP Management Model ..................................................................................................175Figure 80 TOOLS > Remote Management > SNMP ............................................................................177Figure 81 TOOLS > Remote Management > DNS ...............................................................................178
List of FiguresUser s Guide 21Figure 82 TOOLS > Remote Management > Security .........................................................................179Figure 83 TR-069 Example ..................................................................................................................180Figure 84 TOOLS > Remote Management > CWMP-TR069 ...............................................................181Figure 85 QoS > General .....................................................................................................................183Figure 86 QoS > Class Setup ...............................................................................................................184Figure 87 QoS > Class Setup > Class Configuration ...........................................................................185Figure 88 TOOLS > Logs > View Logs .................................................................................................189Figure 89 TOOLS > Logs > Log Settings .............................................................................................191Figure 90 Status ...................................................................................................................................203Figure 91 WiMAX Site Information ......................................................................................................208Figure 92 Packet Statistics ...................................................................................................................209Figure 93 VoIP Statistics .......................................................................................................................210Figure 94 WiMAX Profile .....................................................................................................................212Figure 95 DHCP Table ..........................................................................................................................213Figure 96 Internet Explorer 8: Turn On Safety Filter .............................................................................221Figure 97 Internet Explorer 8: Turn Off Safety Filter .............................................................................221Figure 98 Windows XP: Start Menu ......................................................................................................236Figure 99 Windows XP: Control Panel .................................................................................................236Figure 100 Windows XP: Control Panel > Network Connections > Properties ....................................237Figure 101 Windows XP: Local Area Connection Properties ...............................................................237Figure 102 Windows XP: Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties ..........................................................238Figure 103 Windows Vista: Start Menu .................................................................................................239Figure 104 Windows Vista: Control Panel ............................................................................................239Figure 105 Windows Vista: Network And Internet ................................................................................239Figure 106 Windows Vista: Network and Sharing Center .....................................................................240Figure 107 Windows Vista: Network and Sharing Center .....................................................................240Figure 108 Windows Vista: Local Area Connection Properties ............................................................241Figure 109 Windows Vista: Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties ...................................242Figure 110 Mac OS X 10.4: Apple Menu ..............................................................................................243Figure 111 Mac OS X 10.4: System Preferences .................................................................................243Figure 112 Mac OS X 10.4: Network Preferences ................................................................................244Figure 113 Mac OS X 10.4: Network Preferences > TCP/IP Tab. ........................................................244Figure 114 Mac OS X 10.4: Network Preferences > Ethernet ..............................................................245Figure 115 Mac OS X 10.4: Network Utility ..........................................................................................246Figure 116 Mac OS X 10.5: Apple Menu ..............................................................................................247Figure 117 Mac OS X 10.5: Systems Preferences ...............................................................................247Figure 118 Mac OS X 10.5: Network Preferences > Ethernet ..............................................................248Figure 119 Mac OS X 10.5: Network Preferences > Ethernet ..............................................................249Figure 120 Mac OS X 10.5: Network Utility ..........................................................................................250Figure 121 Ubuntu 8: System > Administration Menu ..........................................................................251Figure 122 Ubuntu 8: Network Settings > Connections ........................................................................251Figure 123 Ubuntu 8: Administrator Account Authentication ................................................................252Figure 124 Ubuntu 8: Network Settings > Connections ........................................................................252
List of FiguresUser s Guide22Figure 125 Ubuntu 8: Network Settings > Properties ...........................................................................253Figure 126 Ubuntu 8: Network Settings > DNS ...................................................................................254Figure 127 Ubuntu 8: Network Tools ....................................................................................................255Figure 128 openSUSE 10.3: K Menu > Computer Menu .....................................................................256Figure 129 openSUSE 10.3: K Menu > Computer Menu .....................................................................257Figure 130 openSUSE 10.3: YaST Control Center ..............................................................................257Figure 131 openSUSE 10.3: Network Settings ....................................................................................258Figure 132 openSUSE 10.3: Network Card Setup ...............................................................................259Figure 133 openSUSE 10.3: Network Settings ....................................................................................260Figure 134 openSUSE 10.3: KNetwork Manager .................................................................................261Figure 135 openSUSE: Connection Status - KNetwork Manager ........................................................261Figure 136 Pop-up Blocker ...................................................................................................................263Figure 137 Internet Options: Privacy ....................................................................................................264Figure 138 Internet Options: Privacy ....................................................................................................265Figure 139 Pop-up Blocker Settings .....................................................................................................266Figure 140 Internet Options: Security ...................................................................................................267Figure 141 Security Settings - Java Scripting .......................................................................................268Figure 142 Security Settings - Java ......................................................................................................269Figure 143 Java (Sun) ..........................................................................................................................270Figure 144 Mozilla Firefox: TOOLS > Options ......................................................................................270Figure 145 Mozilla Firefox Content Security .........................................................................................271Figure 146 Network Number and Host ID ............................................................................................274Figure 147 Subnetting Example: Before Subnetting ............................................................................277Figure 148 Subnetting Example: After Subnetting ...............................................................................278Figure 149 Conflicting Computer IP Addresses Example ....................................................................283Figure 150 Conflicting Computer IP Addresses Example ....................................................................283Figure 151 Conflicting Computer and Router IP Addresses Example ..................................................284Figure 152 Internet Explorer 7: Certification Error ................................................................................286Figure 153 Internet Explorer 7: Certification Error ................................................................................286Figure 154 Internet Explorer 7: Certificate Error ...................................................................................287Figure 155 Internet Explorer 7: Certificate ............................................................................................287Figure 156 Internet Explorer 7: Certificate Import Wizard ....................................................................288Figure 157 Internet Explorer 7: Certificate Import Wizard ....................................................................288Figure 158 Internet Explorer 7: Certificate Import Wizard ....................................................................289Figure 159 Internet Explorer 7: Select Certificate Store .......................................................................289Figure 160 Internet Explorer 7: Certificate Import Wizard ....................................................................290Figure 161 Internet Explorer 7: Security Warning .................................................................................290Figure 162 Internet Explorer 7: Certificate Import Wizard ....................................................................291Figure 163 Internet Explorer 7: Website Identification ..........................................................................291Figure 164 Internet Explorer 7: Public Key Certificate File ...................................................................292Figure 165 Internet Explorer 7: Open File - Security Warning ..............................................................292Figure 166 Internet Explorer 7: Tools Menu .........................................................................................293Figure 167 Internet Explorer 7: Internet Options ..................................................................................293
List of FiguresUser s Guide 23Figure 168 Internet Explorer 7: Certificates ..........................................................................................294Figure 169 Internet Explorer 7: Certificates ..........................................................................................294Figure 170 Internet Explorer 7: Root Certificate Store ..........................................................................294Figure 171 Firefox 2: Website Certified by an Unknown Authority .......................................................296Figure 172 Firefox 2: Page Info ............................................................................................................297Figure 173 Firefox 2: Tools Menu .........................................................................................................298Figure 174 Firefox 2: Options ...............................................................................................................298Figure 175 Firefox 2: Certificate Manager ...........................................................................................299Figure 176 Firefox 2: Select File ..........................................................................................................299Figure 177 Firefox 2: Tools Menu .........................................................................................................300Figure 178 Firefox 2: Options ...............................................................................................................300Figure 179 Firefox 2: Certificate Manager ...........................................................................................301Figure 180 Firefox 2: Delete Web Site Certificates ..............................................................................301Figure 181 Opera 9: Certificate signer not found .................................................................................302Figure 182 Opera 9: Security information .............................................................................................303Figure 183 Opera 9: Tools Menu ..........................................................................................................304Figure 184 Opera 9: Preferences .........................................................................................................305Figure 185 Opera 9: Certificate manager ............................................................................................306Figure 186 Opera 9: Import certificate .................................................................................................306Figure 187 Opera 9: Install authority certificate ...................................................................................307Figure 188 Opera 9: Install authority certificate ...................................................................................307Figure 189 Opera 9: Tools Menu ..........................................................................................................308Figure 190 Opera 9: Preferences .........................................................................................................308Figure 191 Opera 9: Certificate manager ............................................................................................309Figure 192 Konqueror 3.5: Server Authentication ................................................................................310Figure 193 Konqueror 3.5: Server Authentication ................................................................................310Figure 194 Konqueror 3.5: KDE SSL Information .................................................................................311Figure 195 Konqueror 3.5: Public Key Certificate File ..........................................................................312Figure 196 Konqueror 3.5: Certificate Import Result ............................................................................312Figure 197 Konqueror 3.5: Kleopatra ...................................................................................................312Figure 198 Konqueror 3.5: Settings Menu ............................................................................................313Figure 199 Konqueror 3.5: Configure ...................................................................................................313
List of FiguresUser s Guide24
List of TablesUser s Guide 25List of TablesTable 1 Common Icons ............................................................................................................................5Table 2 The WiMAX Modem ..................................................................................................................33Table 3 Main > Icons .............................................................................................................................39Table 4 Main ..........................................................................................................................................39Table 5 Internet Connection Wizard > System Information ...................................................................42Table 6 Internet Connection Wizard > Authentication Settings Screen .................................................43Table 7 Internet Connection Wizard > IP Address .................................................................................45Table 8 VoIP Connection > First Voice Account Settings ......................................................................48Table 9 SETUP > Set IP Address ..........................................................................................................55Table 10 SETUP > Set IP Address ........................................................................................................55Table 11 SETUP > Time Setting ............................................................................................................56Table 12 Pre-defined NTP Time Servers ...............................................................................................58Table 13 ADVANCED > LAN Configuration > DHCP Setup ..................................................................61Table 14 ADVANCED > LAN Configuration > Static DHCP ...................................................................62Table 15 Advanced> LAN Configuration > IP Static Route ....................................................................63Table 16 Advanced> LAN Configuration > IP Static Route ....................................................................63Table 17 Management > Static Route > IP Static Route > Edit .............................................................64Table 18 ADVANCED > LAN Configuration > Other Settings ................................................................66Table 19 ADVANCED > WAN Configuration > Internet Connection > ISP Parameters for Internet Access 74Table 20 Radio Frequency Conversion .................................................................................................77Table 21 ADVANCED > WAN Configuration >WiMAX Configuration ....................................................77Table 22 DL Frequency Example Settings ............................................................................................79Table 23 ADVANCED > WAN Configuration > Advanced .....................................................................81Table 24 ADVANCED > NAT Configuration > General ..........................................................................84Table 25 Advanced> VPN Transport > Customer Interface ...................................................................86Table 26 ADVANCED > NAT Configuration > Port Forwarding .............................................................86Table 27 ADVANCED > NAT Configuration > Port Forwarding > Rule Setup .......................................87Table 28 ADVANCED > NAT Configuration > Trigger Port ....................................................................89Table 29 ADVANCED > NAT Configuration > ALG ................................................................................91Table 30 ADVANCED > System Configuration > General .....................................................................95Table 31 ADVANCED > System Configuration > Dynamic DNS ...........................................................97Table 32 ADVANCED > System Configuration > Firmware ...................................................................98Table 33 ADVANCED > System Configuration > Configuration ..........................................................100Table 34 ADVANCED > System Configuration > Firmware .................................................................101Table 35 ADVANCED > System Configuration > Bridge .....................................................................102Table 36 VOICE > Service Configuration > SIP Setting ......................................................................106Table 37 VOICE > Service Configuration > SIP Settings > Advanced ................................................109
List of TablesUser s Guide26Table 38 Custom Tones Details ............................................................................................................112Table 39 VOICE > Service Configuration > QoS ..................................................................................114Table 40 SIP Call Progression ..............................................................................................................115Table 41 VOICE > Phone > Analog Phone ..........................................................................................123Table 42 VOICE > Phone > Analog Phone > Advanced ......................................................................124Table 43 VOICE > Phone > Common ..................................................................................................125Table 44 VOICE > Phone > Region .....................................................................................................125Table 45 European Type Flash Key Commands .................................................................................126Table 46 USA Type Flash Key Commands .........................................................................................128Table 47 VOICE > Phone Book > Incoming Call Policy .......................................................................132Table 48 Advanced> LAN Configuration > IP Static Route ..................................................................134Table 49 VOICE > Phone Book > Speed Dial ......................................................................................134Table 50 TOOLS > Certificates > My Certificates ................................................................................138Table 51 TOOLS > Certificates > My Certificates ................................................................................138Table 52 TOOLS > Certificates > My Certificates > Create .................................................................140Table 53 TOOLS > Certificates > My Certificates > Edit ......................................................................143Table 54 TOOLS > Certificates > My Certificates > Import ..................................................................146Table 55 TOOLS > Certificates > Trusted CAs ....................................................................................147Table 56 TOOLS > Certificates > Trusted CAs ....................................................................................147Table 57 TOOLS > Certificates > Trusted CAs > Edit ..........................................................................149Table 58 TOOLS > Certificates > Trusted CAs Import .........................................................................152Table 59 TOOLS > Firewall > General ................................................................................................160Table 60 TOOLS > Firewall > Services ...............................................................................................161Table 61 TOOLS > Content Filter > Filter ............................................................................................169Table 62 TOOLS > Content Filter > Schedule .....................................................................................170Table 63 Remote Management ...........................................................................................................171Table 64 TOOLS > Remote Management > WWW .............................................................................173Table 65 TOOLS > Remote Management > Telnet .............................................................................174Table 66 TOOLS > Remote Management > FTP ................................................................................175Table 67 SNMP Traps ..........................................................................................................................176Table 68 TOOLS > Remote Management > SNMP .............................................................................177Table 69 TOOLS > Remote Management > DNS ...............................................................................178Table 70 TOOLS > Remote Management > Security ..........................................................................179Table 71 TOOLS > Remote Management > CWMP-TR069 ................................................................181Table 72 TOOLS > Remote Management > Security ..........................................................................183Table 73 QoS Class Setup ..................................................................................................................184Table 74 QoS Class Setup ..................................................................................................................185Table 75 Syslog Logs ..........................................................................................................................188Table 76 RFC-2408 ISAKMP Payload Types ......................................................................................188Table 77 TOOLS > Logs > View Logs .................................................................................................189Table 78 TOOLS > Logs > Log Settings ..............................................................................................192Table 79 System Error Logs ................................................................................................................193Table 80 System Maintenance Logs ....................................................................................................193
List of TablesUser s Guide 27Table 81 Access Control Logs .............................................................................................................194Table 82 TCP Reset Logs ....................................................................................................................195Table 83 Packet Filter Logs .................................................................................................................195Table 84 ICMP Logs ............................................................................................................................196Table 85 PPP Logs ..............................................................................................................................196Table 86 Content Filtering Logs ...........................................................................................................196Table 87 Attack Logs ...........................................................................................................................197Table 88 Remote Management Logs ...................................................................................................198Table 89 ICMP Notes ...........................................................................................................................199Table 90 SIP Logs ...............................................................................................................................200Table 91 RTP Logs ..............................................................................................................................200Table 92 FSM Logs: Caller Side ..........................................................................................................200Table 93 FSM Logs: Callee Side .........................................................................................................200Table 94 Lifeline Logs ..........................................................................................................................201Table 95 Status ....................................................................................................................................204Table 96 WiMAX Site Information ........................................................................................................208Table 97 Packet Statistics ....................................................................................................................209Table 98 VoIP Statistics .......................................................................................................................210Table 99 The WiMAX Profile Screen ...................................................................................................212Table 100 DHCP Table ........................................................................................................................214Table 101 Environmental and Hardware Specifications ......................................................................223Table 102 Radio Specifications ............................................................................................................223Table 103 Firmware Specifications ......................................................................................................224Table 104 Standards Supported ..........................................................................................................226Table 105 Voice Features ....................................................................................................................227Table 106 Star (*) and Pound (#) Code Support ..................................................................................228Table 107 IP Address Network Number and Host ID Example ...........................................................274Table 108 Subnet Masks .....................................................................................................................275Table 109 Maximum Host Numbers ....................................................................................................275Table 110 Alternative Subnet Mask Notation .......................................................................................276Table 111 Subnet 1 ..............................................................................................................................279Table 112 Subnet 2 ..............................................................................................................................279Table 113 Subnet 3 ..............................................................................................................................279Table 114 Subnet 4 ..............................................................................................................................279Table 115 Eight Subnets ......................................................................................................................280Table 116 24-bit Network Number Subnet Planning ............................................................................280Table 117 16-bit Network Number Subnet Planning ............................................................................281Table 118 Commonly Used Services ...................................................................................................317
List of TablesUser s Guide28
29PART IUser’s Guide
30
User s Guide 31CHAPTER 1 Getting Started1.1 About Your WiMAX Modem The WiMAX Modem has a built-in switch and one phone port. It allows you to access the Internet by connecting to a WiMAX wireless network. You can use a traditional analog telephone to make Internet calls using the WiMAX Modem’s Voice over IP (VoIP) communication capabilities. You can configure firewall and content filtering as well as a host of other features. The web browser-based Graphical User Interface (GUI), also known as the web configurator, provides easy management.See Chapter 21 on page 223 for a complete list of features for your model.1.1.1 WiMAX Internet AccessConnect your computer or network to the WiMAX Modem for WiMAX Internet access. See the Quick Start Guide for instructions on hardware connection.In a wireless metropolitan area network (MAN), the WiMAX Modem connects to a WiMAX base station (BS) for Internet access. The following diagram shows a notebook computer equipped with the WiMAX Modem connecting to the Internet through a WiMAX base station (marked BS).Figure 1 Mobile Station and Base StationWhen the firewall is on, all incoming traffic from the Internet to your network is blocked unless it is initiated from your network.
Chapter 1Getting StartedUser s Guide32Use content filtering to block access to web sites with URLs containing keywords that you specify. You can define time periods and days during which content filtering is enabled and include or exclude particular computers on your network from content filtering. For example, you could block access to certain web sites for the kids.1.1.2 Make Calls via Internet Telephony Service ProviderIn a home or small office environment, you can use the WiMAX Modem to make and receive the following types of VoIP telephone calls:•Peer-to-Peer calls - Use the WiMAX Modem to make a call directly to the recipient’s IP address without using a SIP proxy server.Figure 2 WiMAX Modem s VoIP Features - Peer-to-Peer Calls•Calls via a VoIP service provider - The WiMAX Modem sends your call to a VoIP service provider’s SIP server which forwards your calls to either VoIP or PSTN phones.Figure 3 WiMAX Modem s VoIP Features - Calls via VoIP Service Provider
Chapter 1Getting StartedUser s Guide 331.2 WiMAX Modem HardwareFollow the instructions in the Quick Start Guideto make hardware connections.1.2.1 LEDsThe following figure shows the LEDs (lights) on the WiMAX Modem.Figure 4 The WiMAX Modem s LEDsThe following table describes your WiMAX Modem’s LEDs (from right to left). Table 2 The WiMAX ModemLED STATE DESCRIPTIONPowerOffThe WiMAX Modem is not receiving power.RedThe WiMAX Modem is receiving power but has been unable to start up correctly or is not receiving enough power. See the Troubleshooting section for more information.GreenThe WiMAX Modem is receiving power and functioning correctly.VoiceOffNo SIP account is registered, or the WiMAX Modem is not receiving power.GreenA SIP account is registered.Green (Blinking)A SIP account is registered, and the phone attached to the LINE port is in use (off the hook).YellowA SIP account is registered and has a voice message on the SIP server.Yellow (Blinking)A SIP account is registered and has a voice message on the SIP server, and the phone attached to the LINE port is in use (off the hook).STRENGTH POWERWIMAX LINKVOICEINDICATORS
Chapter 1Getting StartedUser s Guide341.3 Good Habits for Managing the DeviceDo the following things regularly to make the WiMAX Modem more secure and to manage the WiMAX Modem more effectively.•Change the password. Use a password that’s not easy to guess and that consists of different types of characters, such as numbers and letters.•Write down the password and put it in a safe place.•Back up the configuration (and make sure you know how to restore it). Restoring an earlier working configuration may be useful if the WiMAX Modem becomes unstable or even crashes. If you forget your password, you will have to reset the WiMAX Modem to its factory default settings. If you backed up an earlier configuration file, you would not have to totally re-configure the WiMAX Modem. You could simply restore your last configuration.WiMAX LinkOffThe WiMAX Modem is not connected to a wireless (WiMAX) network.GreenThe WiMAX Modem is successfully connected to a wireless (WiMAX) network.Green (Blinking Slowly) The WiMAX Modem is searching for a wireless (WiMAX) network.Green (Blinking Quickly) The WiMAX Modem has found a wireless (WiMAX) network and is connecting.StrengthIndicator The Strength Indicator LEDs display the Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) of the wireless (WiMAX) connection. 3 Signal LEDsThe signal strength is greater than or equal to -70 dBm2 Signal LEDsThe signal strength is between -70 and -80 dBm1 Signal LEDThe signal strength is between -80 and -90 dBm0 Signal LEDsThe signal strength is less than -90 dBm.Table 2 The WiMAX ModemLED STATE DESCRIPTION
User s Guide 35CHAPTER 2 Introducing the WebConfigurator2.1 OverviewThe web configurator is an HTML-based management interface that allows easy device set up and management via any web browser that supports: HTML 4.0, CSS 2.0, and JavaScript 1.5, and higher. The recommended screen resolution for using the web configurator is 1024 by 768 pixels and 16-bit color, or higher.In order to use the web configurator you need to allow:•Web browser pop-up windows from your device. Web pop-up blocking is enabled by default in many operating systems and web browsers.•JavaScript (enabled by default in most web browsers).•Java permissions (enabled by default in most web browsers).See the Appendix C on page 263 for more information on configuring your web browser.2.1.1 Accessing the Web Configurator1Make sure your WiMAX Modem hardware is properly connected (refer to the Quick Start Guide for more information).2Launch your web browser.3Enter the IP address on the UG cover as the URL.4A user name and password screen displays. Enter the default user or adminaccount name and password (on the UG cover), then click Login. Click Clear to clear the password field. If you have changed the password, enter your password and click Login.
Chapter 2Introducing the Web ConfiguratorUser s Guide36Note: To have fully access to all configuration screens and the Setup Wizard, login with the admin account. 5The following screen displays if you have not yet changed your password. It is highly recommended you change the default password. Enter a new password, retype it to confirm and click Apply; alternatively click Ignore to proceed to the main menu if you do not want to change the password now.
Chapter 2Introducing the Web ConfiguratorUser s Guide 376Click Apply in the next screen to create a certificate using your WiMAX Modem’s MAC address that will be specific to this device. This certificate is used for authentication when using a secure HTTPS connection over the Internet. 7If you login with the admin account, a screen displays to let you choose to go to the Wizard or the Advanced screens.•Click Go to Wizard setup if you are logging in for the first time or if you want to make basic changes. The wizard selection screen appears after you click Apply. See Chapter 3 on page 41 for more information.•Click Go to Advanced setup if you want to configure features that are not available in the wizards. The main screen appears after you click Apply.See Section 3 on page 38 for more information.•Click Exit if you want to log out. Note: For security reasons, the WiMAX Modem automatically logs you out if you do not use the Web Configurator for five minutes. If this happens, log in again.2.1.2 The Reset ButtonIf you forget your password or cannot access the web configurator, you will need to use the Reset button to reload the factory-default configuration file. This
Chapter 2Introducing the Web ConfiguratorUser s Guide38means that you will lose all configurations that you had previously and the password will be reset to default.2.1.2.1 Using The Reset Button1Make sure the Power light is on (not blinking).2To set the device back to the factory default settings, press the Reset button for ten seconds or until the Power light begins to blink and then release it. When the Power light begins to blink, the defaults have been restored and the device restarts.3Reconfigure the WiMAX Modem following the steps in your Quick Start Guide.2.2 The Main ScreenWhen you first log into the web configurator and by-pass the wizard, the Main screen appears. Here you can view a summary of your WiMAX Modem connection status. This is also the default “home” page for the web configurator and it contains conveniently-placed shortcuts to all of the other screens.Note: Some features in the web configurator may not be available depending on your firmware version and/or configuration.Figure 5 Main Screen
Chapter 2Introducing the Web ConfiguratorUser s Guide 39The following table describes the icons in this screen.The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 3 Main > IconsICON DESCRIPTIONMAINClick to return to the Main screen.SETUPClick to go the Setup screen, where you can configure LAN, DHCP and WAN settings.ADVANCEDClick to go to the Advanced screen, where you can configure features like Port Forwarding and Triggering, SNTP and so on.VOICEClick to go to the Voice screen, where you can configure your voice service and phone settings.TOOLSClick to go the Tools screen, where you can configure your firewall, QoS, and content filter, among other things.STATUSClick to go to the Status screen, where you can view status and statistical information for all connections and interfaces.Strength IndicatorDisplays a visual representation of the quality of your WiMAX connection.•Disconnected - Zero bars•Poor reception - One bar•Good reception - Two bars•Excellent reception - Three barsTable 4 MainLABEL DESCRIPTIONHelpClick to open the web configurator’s online help.WizardClick to run the Internet Connection and VoIP Connection Setup Wizard. All of the settings that you can configure in this wizard are also available in these web configurator screens.LogoutClick to log out of the web configurator.Note: This does not log you off the WiMAX network, it simply logs you out of the WiMAX Modem s browser-based configuration interface.
Chapter 2Introducing the Web ConfiguratorUser s Guide40WiMAX Connection Status This field indicates the current status of your WiMAX connection.Status messages are as follows:•Connected - Indicates that the WiMAX Modem is connected to the WiMAX network. Use the Strength Indicator icon to determine the quality of your network connection.•Disconnected - Indicates that the WiMAX Modem is not connected to the WiMAX network.•DL_SYN - Indicates a download synchronization is in progress. This means the firmware is checking with the server for any updates or settings alterations.Software VersionThis field indicates the version number of the WiMAX Modem’s firmware. The version number takes the form of: Version(Build),release status (candidate) | Version Release Date.For example: V3.60(BCC.0)c4 | 07/08/2008 indicates that the firmware is 3.60, build BCC.0, candidate4, released on July 08, 2008.Version DateThis field indicates the exact date and time the current firmware was compiled.System UptimeThis field indicates how long the WiMAX Modem has been on. This resets every time you shut the device down or restart it.WiMAX UptimeThis field indicates how long the WiMAX Modem has been connected to the WiMAX network. This resets every time you disconnect from the WiMAX network, shut the device down, or restart it.Voice 1This field indicates the number and receiver status of the first voice account.Table 4 Main (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTION
User s Guide 41CHAPTER 3 Internet Connection Wizard3.1 OverviewThis chapter provides information on the Setup Wizard screens. The wizard guides you through several steps where you can configure your Internet and VoIP settings.3.1.1 Welcome to the Setup WizardThis is the welcome screen for the Setup Wizard. You can choose to either configure your Internet connection or your VoIP connection.The Internet Connection Wizard screens are described in detail in the following sections.Figure 6 Select a Mode
Chapter 3Internet Connection WizardUser s Guide423.1.2 System InformationThis Internet Connection Wizard screen allows you to configure your WiMAX Modem’s system information. The settings here correspond to the ADVANCED > System Configuration > General screen (see Section 9.2 on page 95 for more).Figure 7 Internet Connection Wizard > System InformationThe following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 5 Internet Connection Wizard > System InformationLABEL DESCRIPTIONSystem Name System Name is a unique name to identify the WiMAX Modem in an Ethernet network. Enter a descriptive name. This name can be up to 30 alphanumeric characters long. Spaces are not allowed, but dashes "-" and underscores "_" are accepted. DomainName Type the domain name (if you know it) here. If you leave this field blank, the ISP may assign a domain name via DHCP. The domain name entered by you is given priority over the ISP assigned domain name.Back Click to display the previous screen.Next Click to proceed to the next screen. Exit Click to close the wizard without saving.
Chapter 3Internet Connection WizardUser s Guide 433.1.3 Authentication SettingsThis Internet Connection Wizard screen allows you to configure your Internet access settings. The settings here correspond to the ADVANCED > WAN Configuration > Internet Connection screen (see Section 7.2 on page 74 for more information).Figure 8 Internet Connection Wizard > Authentication Settings ScreenThe following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 6 Internet Connection Wizard > Authentication Settings ScreenLABEL DESCRIPTIONAuthenticationUser NameUse this field to enter the username associated with your Internet access account. You can enter up to 61 printable ASCII characters.PasswordUse this field to enter the password associated with your Internet access account. You can enter up to 47 printable ASCII characters.Anonymous IdentityEnter the anonymous identity provided by your Internet Service Provider. Anonymous identity (also known as outer identity) is used with EAP-TTLS encryption. The anonymous identity is used to route your authentication request to the correct authentication server, and does not reveal your real user name. Your real user name and password are encrypted in the TLS tunnel, and only the anonymous identity can be seen.Leave this field blank if your ISP did not give you an anonymous identity to use.
Chapter 3Internet Connection WizardUser s Guide44PKMThis field displays the Privacy Key Management version number. PKM provides security between the WiMAX Modem and the base station. At the time of writing, the WiMAX Modem supports PKMv2 only. See the WiMAX security appendix for more information.AuthenticationThis field displays the user authentication method. Authentication is the process of confirming the identity of a mobile station (by means of a username and password, for example).Check with your service provider if you are unsure of the correct setting for your account. Choose from the following user authentication methods:•TTLS (Tunnelled Transport Layer Security)•TLS (Transport Layer Security)Note: Not all WiMAX Modems support TLS authentication. Check with your service provider for details.TTLS Inner EAPThis field displays the type of secondary authentication method. Once a secure EAP-TTLS connection is established, the inner EAP is the protocol used to exchange security information between the mobile station, the base station and the AAA server to authenticate the mobile station. See the WiMAX security appendix for more details. The WiMAX Modem supports the following inner authentication types:•CHAP (Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol)•MSCHAP (Microsoft CHAP)•MSCHAPV2 (Microsoft CHAP version 2)•PAP (Password Authentication Protocol)CertificateThis is the security certificate the WiMAX Modem uses to authenticate the AAA server. Use the TOOLS > Certificates>Trusted CA screen to import certificates to the WiMAX Modem.Back Click to display the previous screen.Next Click to proceed to the next screen.Exit Click to close the wizard without saving.Table 6 Internet Connection Wizard > Authentication Settings Screen (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTION
Chapter 3Internet Connection WizardUser s Guide 453.1.4 IP AddressThis Internet Connection Wizard screen allows you to configure your IP address. The settings here correspond to the SETUP > Set IP Address screen (see Section 5.2 on page 54).A fixed IP address is a static IP that your ISP gives you. An automatic (dynamic) IP address is not fixed; the ISP assigns you a different one each time you connect to the Internet.Figure 9 Internet Connection Wizard > IP AddressThe following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 7 Internet Connection Wizard > IP AddressLABEL DESCRIPTIONIP AddressMy computer or device gets its IP address automatically from the network (Default)Select this if you have a dynamic IP address. A dynamic IP address is not fixed; the ISP assigns you a different one each time you connect to the Internet.Use Fixed IP AddressA static IP address is a fixed IP that your ISP gives you.BackClick to display the previous screen.Next Click to proceed to the next screen.Exit Click to close the wizard screen without saving.
Chapter 3Internet Connection WizardUser s Guide463.1.5 Setup CompleteClick Close to complete and save the Internet Connection Wizard settings.Figure 10 Internet Connection Wizard > CompleteLaunch your web browser. If everything was configured properly, the web page should display. You can now surf the Internet!Refer to the rest of this guide for more detailed information on the complete range of WiMAX Modem features available in the more advanced web configurator. Note: If you cannot access the Internet, open the web configurator again to confirm that the Internet settings you configured in the wizard setup are correct.
User s Guide 47CHAPTER 4 VoIP Connection Wizard4.1 OverviewThis chapter shows you how to use the wizard to set up your voice account(s).The WiMAX Modem has Voice over IP (VoIP) communication capabilities that allow you to use a traditional analog telephone to make Internet calls. You can configure the WiMAX Modem to use up to two SIP based VoIP accounts.4.2 Welcome to the Setup WizardThis is the welcome screen for the Setup Wizard. You can choose to either configure your Internet connection or your VoIP connection.The VoIP Connection Wizard screens are described in detail in the following sections.Figure 11 Select a Mode
Chapter 4VoIP Connection WizardUser s Guide484.2.1 First Voice Account SettingsThis VoIP Connection Wizard screen allows you to configure your voice account. The settings here correspond to the VOICE > Service Configuration > SIP Setting screen (see Section 10.2 on page 105 for more information).Figure 12 VoIP Connection > First Voice Account SettingsThe following table describes the labels in this screenTable 8 VoIP Connection > First Voice Account SettingsLABEL DESCRIPTIONSIP NumberEnter your SIP number in this field (use the number or text that comes before the @ symbol in a SIP account like 1234@VoIP-provider.com). You can use up to 127 ASCII characters.SIP Server AddressType the IP address or domain name of the SIP server in this field. It doesn’t matter whether the SIP server is a proxy, redirect or register server. You can use up to 95 ASCII characters.SIP Service DomainEnter the SIP service domain name in this field (the domain name that comes after the @ symbol in a SIP account like 1234@VoIP-provider.com). You can use up to 127 ASCII Extended set characters.User NameThis is the user name for registering this SIP account with the SIP register server. Type the user name exactly as it was given to you. You can use up to 95 ASCII characters.PasswordType the password associated with the user name above. You can use up to 95 ASCII Extended set characters.Check here to set up SIP2 settings. This screen configures SIP account 1. Select the check box if you have a second SIP account that you want to use. You will need to configure the same fields for the second SIP account.
Chapter 4VoIP Connection WizardUser s Guide 49After you enter your voice account settings and click Next, the WiMAX Modem attempts to register your SIP account with the SIP server.Figure 13 VoIP Connection > SIP Registration TestThis screen displays if SIP account registration fails. Check your WiMAX connection using the WiMAX Link and Strength Indicator LEDs on the front of the WiMAX Modem, then wait a few seconds and click Register Again. If your Internet Back Click to return to the previous screen.Apply Click to complete the wizard setup and save your configuration.Exit Clickto close the wizard without saving your settings.Table 8 VoIP Connection > First Voice Account Settings (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTION
Chapter 4VoIP Connection WizardUser s Guide50connection was already working, you can click Back and try re-entering your SIP account settings. Figure 14 VoIP Connection > SIP Registration Fail4.2.2 Setup CompleteClick Close to complete and save the VoIP Connection settings.Figure 15 VoIP Connection > Finish This screen displays if your SIP account registration was successful.
51PART IITechnical Reference
52
User s Guide 53CHAPTER 5 The Setup Screens5.1 OverviewUse these screens to configure or view LAN, DHCP Client and WAN settings.5.1.1 What You Can Do in This Chapter•The Set IP Address screen (Section 5.2 on page 54) lets you configure the WiMAX Modem’s IP address and subnet mask.•The DHCP Client screen (Section 5.3 on page 55) to view connection information for clients configured by the WiMAX Modem’s internal DHCP server.•The Time Setting screen (Section 5.4 on page 56) lets you configure your WiMAX Modem’s time and date keeping settings.5.1.2 What You Need to KnowThe following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter.LANA Local Area Network, or a shared communication system to which many computers are attached. A LAN, as its name implies, is limited to a local area such as a home or office environment. LANs have different topologies, the most common being the linear bus and the star configuration.IP AddressIP addresses identify individual devices on a network. Every networking device (including computers, servers, routers, printers, etc.) needs an IP address to communicate across the network. These networking devices are also known as hosts.Subnet MaskThe subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your device will compute the subnet mask automatically based on the IP Address that
Chapter 5The Setup ScreensUser s Guide54you entered. You do not need to change the computer subnet mask unless you are instructed to do so.DaytimeA network protocol used by devices for debugging and time measurement. A computer can use this protocol to set its internal clock but only if it knows in which order the year, month, and day are returned by the server. Not all servers use the same format.TimeA network protocol for retrieving the current time from a server. The computer issuing the command compares the time on its clock to the information returned by the server, adjusts itself automatically for time zone differences, then calculates the difference and corrects itself if there has been any temporal drift.NTPNTP stands for Network Time Protocol. It is employed by devices connected to the Internet in order to obtain a precise time setting from an official time server. These time servers are accurate to within 200 microseconds.5.1.3 Before You Begin•Make sure that you have made all the appropriate hardware connections to the WiMAX Modem, as described in the Quick Start Guide.•Make sure that you have logged in to the web configurator at least one time and changed your password from the default, as described in the Quick Start Guide.5.2 Set IP AddressClick the SETUP icon in the navigation bar to set up the WiMAX Modem’s IP address and subnet mask. This screen displays this screen by default. If you are in any other sub-screen you can simply choose Set IP Address from the navigation menu on the left to open it again.Figure 16 SETUP > Set IP Address
Chapter 5The Setup ScreensUser s Guide 55The following table describes the labels in this screen. 5.3 DHCP ClientClick the SETUP > DHCP Client to view connection information for all clients that have been configured by the WiMAX Modem’s internal DHCP server.Figure 17 SETUP > Set IP AddressThe following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 9 SETUP > Set IP AddressLABEL DESCRIPTIONIP Address Enter the IP address of the WiMAX Modem on the LAN.Note: This field is the IP address you use to access the WiMAX Modem on the LAN. If the web configurator is running on a computer on the LAN, you lose access to it as soon as you change this field and click Apply. You can access the web configurator again by typing the new IP address in the browser.IP Subnet Mask Enter the subnet mask of the LAN.Apply Click to save your changes.Reset Click to restore your previously saved settings.Table 10 SETUP > Set IP AddressLABEL DESCRIPTION#This indicates the number of the item in this list.IP Address This indicates the IP address of a connected client device.Host Name This indicates the host name of a connected client device. If the device is computer, then the host name is the computer name.MAC Address This indicates the MAC address of a connected client device.
Chapter 5The Setup ScreensUser s Guide565.4 Time SettingClick SETUP >Time Setting to set the date, time, and time zone for the WiMAX Modem.Figure 18 SETUP > Time SettingThe following table describes the labels in this screen. Reserve This indicates whether the IP address for the connected client device is reserved. When the DHCP server issues IP addresses, reserved IPs are assigned to specific client devices.If the IP address is reserved, the client device identified by its MAC address will always receive this IP address from the DHCP server.Apply Click to save your changes.Refresh Click to refresh the information in the screen.Table 10 SETUP > Set IP Address (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTIONTable 11 SETUP > Time SettingLABEL DESCRIPTIONCurrent Time and DateCurrent TimeDisplays the current time according to the WiMAX Modem.
Chapter 5The Setup ScreensUser s Guide 575.4.1 Pre-Defined NTP Time Servers ListThe WiMAX Modem uses a pre-defined list of NTP time servers if you do not specify a time server or it cannot synchronize with the time server you specified. It can use this list regardless of the time protocol you select.When the WiMAX Modem uses the list, it randomly selects one server and tries to synchronize with it. If the synchronization fails, then it goes through the rest of Current DateDisplays the current time according to the WiMAX Modem.Time and Date SetupManual Select this if you want to specify the current date and time in the fields below.New Time Enter the new time in this field, and click Apply.New Date Enter the new date in this field, and click Apply.Get from Time Server Select this if you want to use a time server to update the current date and time in the WiMAX Modem.Time ProtocolSelect the time service protocol that your time server uses.Check with your ISP or network administrator, or use trial-and-error to find a protocol that works.Daytime (RFC 867) - This format is day/month/year/time zone.Time (RFC 868) - This format displays a 4-byte integer giving the total number of seconds since 1970/1/1 at 0:0:0.NTP (RFC 1305) - This format is similar to Time (RFC 868).Time Server Address Enter the IP address or URL of your time server. Check with your ISP or network administrator if you are unsure of this information.Time Zone SetupTime ZoneSelect the time zone at your location.Daylight SavingsSelect this if your location uses daylight savings time. Daylight savings is a period from late spring to early fall when many places set their clocks ahead of normal local time by one hour to give more daytime light in the evening.Start DateEnter which hour on which day of which week of which month daylight-savings time starts.End DateEnter which hour on the which day of which week of which month daylight-savings time ends.Apply Click to save your changes.Reset Click to restore your previously saved settings.Table 11 SETUP > Time Setting (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTION
Chapter 5The Setup ScreensUser s Guide58the list in order until either it is successful or all the pre-defined NTP time servers have been tried. 5.4.2 Resetting the TimeThe WiMAX Modem automatically resets the time in the following circumstances:•When the device starts up, such as when you press the Power button.•When you click Apply in the SETUP > Time Setting screen.•Once every 24-hours after starting up.Table 12 Pre-defined NTP Time Serversntp1.cs.wisc.eduntp1.gbg.netnod.sentp2.cs.wisc.edutock.usno.navy.milntp3.cs.wisc.eduntp.cs.strath.ac.ukntp1.sp.setime1.stupi.setick.stdtime.gov.twtock.stdtime.gov.twtime.stdtime.gov.tw
User s Guide 59CHAPTER 6 The LAN Configuration Screens6.1 OverviewUse the ADVANCED > LAN Configuration screens to set up the WiMAX Modem on the LAN. You can configure its IP address and subnet mask, DHCP services, and other subnets. You can also control how the WiMAX Modem sends routing information using RIP.A Local Area Network (LAN) is a shared communication system to which many computers are attached. A LAN is usually a computer network limited to the immediate area, such as the same building or floor of a building.6.1.1 What You Can Do in This Chapter•The DHCP Setup screen (Section 6.2 on page 60) lets you enable, disable, and configure the DHCP server in the WiMAX Modem.•The Static DHCP screen (Section 6.3 on page 62) lets you assign specific IP addresses to specific computers on the LAN.•The IP Static Route screen (Section 6.4 on page 63) lets you examine the static routes configured in the WiMAX Modem.•The Other Settings screen (Section 6.5 on page 65) lets you control the routing information that is sent and received by each subnet assign specific IP addresses to specific computers on the LAN.6.1.2 What You Need to KnowThe following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter.IP AddressIP addresses identify individual devices on a network. Every networking device (including computers, servers, routers, printers, etc.) needs an IP address to communicate across the network. These networking devices are also known as hosts.
Chapter 6The LAN Configuration ScreensUser s Guide60Subnet MasksSubnet masks determine the maximum number of possible hosts on a network. You can also use subnet masks to divide one network into multiple sub-networks.DNSDNS (Domain Name System) is for mapping a domain name to its corresponding IP address and vice versa. The DNS server is extremely important because without it, you must know the IP address of a networking device before you can access it.DHCPA DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) server can assign your WiMAX Modem an IP address, subnet mask, DNS and other routing information when it’s turned on.6.2 DHCP SetupClick ADVANCED > LAN Configuration > DHCP Setup to enable, disable, and configure the DHCP server in the WiMAX Modem.Figure 19 ADVANCED > LAN Configuration > DHCP Setup
Chapter 6The LAN Configuration ScreensUser s Guide 61The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 13 ADVANCED > LAN Configuration > DHCP SetupLABEL DESCRIPTIONDHCP SetupEnable DHCP Server Select this if you want the WiMAX Modem to be the DHCP server on the LAN. As a DHCP server, the WiMAX Modem assigns IP addresses to DHCP clients on the LAN and provides the subnet mask and DNS server information.IP Pool Starting Address Enter the IP address from which the WiMAX Modem begins allocating IP addresses, if you have not specified an IP address for this computer in ADVANCED > LAN Configuration > Static DHCP.Pool Size Enter the number of IP addresses to allocate. This number must be at least one and is limited by a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 (regardless of the subnet the WiMAX Modem is in). For example, if the IP Pool Start Address is 10.10.10.10, the WiMAX Modem can allocate up to 10.10.10.254, or 245 IP addresses.DNS ServerFirst, Second and Third DNS ServerSpecify the IP addresses of a maximum of three DNS servers that the network can use. The WiMAX Modem provides these IP addresses to DHCP clients. You can specify these IP addresses two ways.From ISP - provide the DNS servers provided by the ISP on the WAN port.User Defined - enter a static IP address.DNS Relay - this setting will relay DNS information from the DNS server obtained by the WiMAX Modem.None - no DNS service will be provided by the WiMAX Modem.Apply Click to save your changes.Reset Click to restore your previously saved settings.
Chapter 6The LAN Configuration ScreensUser s Guide626.3 Static DHCPClick ADVANCED > LAN Configuration > Static DHCP to assign specific IP addresses to specific computers on the LAN.Note: This screen has no effect if the DHCP server is not enabled. You can enable it in ADVANCED > LAN Configuration > DHCP Setup.Figure 20 ADVANCED > LAN Configuration > Static DHCPThe following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 14 ADVANCED > LAN Configuration > Static DHCPLABEL DESCRIPTION#The number of the item in this list.MAC Address Enter the MAC address of the computer to which you want the WiMAX Modem to assign the same IP address.IP Address Enter the IP address you want the WiMAX Modem to assign to the computer.Apply Click to save your changes.Reset Click to restore your previously saved settings.
Chapter 6The LAN Configuration ScreensUser s Guide 636.4 IP Static RouteClick ADVANCED > LAN Configuration > IP Static Route to look at the static routes configured in the WiMAX Modem.Note: The first static route is the default route and cannot be modified or deleted.Figure 21 Advanced> LAN Configuration > IP Static RouteThe following table describes the icons in this screen.The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 15 Advanced> LAN Configuration > IP Static RouteICON DESCRIPTIONEditClick to edit this item.DeleteClick to delete this item.Table 16 Advanced> LAN Configuration > IP Static RouteLABEL DESCRIPTION#The number of the item in this list.Name This field displays the name that describes the static route.Active This field shows whether this static route is active (Yes) or not (No).
Chapter 6The LAN Configuration ScreensUser s Guide646.4.1 IP Static Route SetupClick an Edit icon in ADVANCED > LAN Configuration > IP Static Route to edit a static route in the WiMAX Modem.Figure 22 Advanced> LAN Configuration > IP Static Route SetupThe following table describes the labels in this screen.Destination This field displays the destination IP address(es) that this static route affects.Gateway This field displays the IP address of the gateway to which the WiMAX Modem should send packets for the specified Destination. The gateway is a router or a switch on the same network segment as the device's LAN or WAN port. The gateway helps forward packets to their destinations.Apply Click to save your changes.Reset Click to restore your previously saved settings.Table 16 Advanced> LAN Configuration > IP Static Route (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTIONTable 17 Management > Static Route > IP Static Route > EditLABEL DESCRIPTIONRoute Name Enter the name of the static route.Active Select this if you want the static route to be used. Clear this if you do not want the static route to be used.Private Select this if you do not want the WiMAX Modem to tell other routers about this static route. For example, you might select this if the static route is in your LAN. Clear this if you want the WiMAX Modem to tell other routers about this static route.Destination IP Address Enter one of the destination IP addresses that this static route affects.
Chapter 6The LAN Configuration ScreensUser s Guide 656.5 Other SettingsClick ADVANCED > LAN Configuration > Other Settings to set the RIP and Multicast options.Figure 23 ADVANCED > LAN Configuration > AdvancedIP Subnet Mask Enter the subnet mask that defines the range of destination IP addresses that this static route affects. If this static route affects only one IP address, enter 255.255.255.255.Gateway IP Address Enter the IP address of the gateway to which the WiMAX Modem should send packets for the specified Destination. The gateway is a router or a switch on the same network segment as the device's LAN or WAN port. The gateway helps forward packets to their destinations.Metric Usually, you should keep the default value. This field is related to RIP.The metric represents the "cost of transmission". A router determines the best route for transmission by choosing a path with the lowest "cost". The smaller the metric, the lower the "cost". RIP uses hop count as the measurement of cost, where 1 is for a directly-connected network. The metric must be 1-15; if you use a value higher than 15, the routers assume the link is down.Apply Click to save your changes.Cancel Click to return to the previous screen without saving your changes.Table 17 Management > Static Route > IP Static Route > Edit (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTION
Chapter 6The LAN Configuration ScreensUser s Guide66The following table describes the labels in this screen.6.6 Technical ReferenceThe following section contains additional technical information about the WiMAX Modem features described in this chapter.Table 18 ADVANCED > LAN Configuration > Other SettingsLABEL DESCRIPTIONRIP & Multicast SetupRIP Direction Use this field to control how much routing information the WiMAX Modem sends and receives on the subnet.•None - The WiMAX Modem does not send or receive routing information on the subnet.•Both - The WiMAX Modem sends and receives routing information on the subnet.•In Only - The WiMAX Modem only receives routing information on the subnet.•Out Only - The WiMAX Modem only sends routing information on the subnet.RIP Version Select which version of RIP the WiMAX Modem uses when it sends or receives information on the subnet.•RIP-1 - The WiMAX Modem uses RIPv1 to exchange routing information.•RIP-2B - The WiMAX Modem broadcasts RIPv2 to exchange routing information.•RIP-2M - The WiMAX Modem multicasts RIPv2 to exchange routing information.Multicast You do not have to enable multicasting to use RIP-2M. (See RIPVersion.)Select which version of IGMP the WiMAX Modem uses to support multicasting on the LAN. Multicasting sends packets to some computers on the LAN and is an alternative to unicasting (sending packets to one computer) and broadcasting (sending packets to every computer).•None - The WiMAX Modem does not support multicasting.•IGMP-v1 - The WiMAX Modem supports IGMP version 1.•IGMP-v2 - The WiMAX Modem supports IGMP version 2.Multicasting can improve overall network performance. However, it requires extra processing and generates more network traffic. In addition, other computers on the LAN have to support the same version of IGMP.Apply Click to save your changes.Reset Click to restore your previously saved settings.
Chapter 6The LAN Configuration ScreensUser s Guide 676.6.1 IP Address and Subnet MaskSimilar to the way houses on a street share a common street name, computers on a LAN share one common network number.Where you obtain your network number depends on your particular situation. If the ISP or your network administrator assigns you a block of registered IP addresses, follow their instructions in selecting the IP addresses and the subnet mask.If the ISP did not explicitly give you an IP network number, then most likely you have a single user account and the ISP will assign you a dynamic IP address when the connection is established. If this is the case, it is recommended that you select a network number from 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.0 and you must enable the Network Address Translation (NAT) feature of the WiMAX Modem. The Internet Assigned Number Authority (IANA) reserved this block of addresses specifically for private use; please do not use any other number unless you are told otherwise. Let's say you select 192.168.1.0 as the network number; which covers 254 individual addresses, from 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.254 (zero and 255 are reserved). In other words, the first three numbers specify the network number while the last number identifies an individual computer on that network.Once you have decided on the network number, pick an IP address that is easy to remember, for instance, 192.168.1.1, for your WiMAX Modem, but make sure that no other device on your network is using that IP address.The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your WiMAX Modem will compute the subnet mask automatically based on the IP address that you entered. You don't need to change the subnet mask computed by the WiMAX Modem unless you are instructed to do otherwise.6.6.2 DHCP SetupDHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, RFC 2131 and RFC 2132) allows individual clients to obtain TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a server. You can configure the WiMAX Modem as a DHCP server or disable it. When configured as a server, the WiMAX Modem provides the TCP/IP configuration for the clients. If DHCP service is disabled, you must have another DHCP server on your LAN, or else each computer must be manually configured.The WiMAX Modem is pre-configured with a pool of IP addresses for the DHCP clients (DHCP Pool). See the product specifications in the appendices. Do not assign static IP addresses from the DHCP pool to your LAN computers.These parameters should work for the majority of installations. If your ISP gives you explicit DNS server address(es), see Section 6.3 on page 62.
Chapter 6The LAN Configuration ScreensUser s Guide686.6.3 LAN TCP/IPThe WiMAX Modem has built-in DHCP server capability that assigns IP addresses and DNS servers to systems that support DHCP client capability.These parameters should work for the majority of installations. If your ISP gives you explicit DNS server address(es), see Section 6.2 on page 60.6.6.4 DNS Server AddressDNS (Domain Name System) is for mapping a domain name to its corresponding IP address and vice versa. The DNS server is extremely important because without it, you must know the IP address of a machine before you can access it. The DNS server addresses that you enter in the DHCP setup are passed to the client machines along with the assigned IP address and subnet mask.There are two ways that an ISP disseminates the DNS server addresses. The first is for an ISP to tell a customer the DNS server addresses, usually in the form of an information sheet, when s/he signs up. If your ISP gives you the DNS server addresses, enter them in the DNS Server fields in DHCP Setup, otherwise, leave them blank.Some ISPs choose to pass the DNS servers using the DNS server extensions of PPP IPCP (IP Control Protocol) after the connection is up. If your ISP did not give you explicit DNS servers, chances are the DNS servers are conveyed through IPCP negotiation. The WiMAX Modem supports the IPCP DNS server extensions through the DNS proxy feature.If the Primary and Secondary DNS Server fields in the LAN Setup screen are notspecified, for instance, left as 0.0.0.0, the WiMAX Modem tells the DHCP clients that it itself is the DNS server. When a computer sends a DNS query to the WiMAX Modem, the WiMAX Modem forwards the query to the real DNS server learned through IPCP and relays the response back to the computer.Please note that DNS proxy works only when the ISP uses the IPCP DNS server extensions. It does not mean you can leave the DNS servers out of the DHCP setup under all circumstances. If your ISP gives you explicit DNS servers, make sure that you enter their IP addresses in the LAN Setup screen. This way, the WiMAX Modem can pass the DNS servers to the computers and the computers can query the DNS server directly without the WiMAX Modem’s intervention.
Chapter 6The LAN Configuration ScreensUser s Guide 696.6.5 RIP SetupRIP (Routing Information Protocol) allows a router to exchange routing information with other routers. The RIP Direction field controls the sending and receiving of RIP packets. When set to:•Both - the WiMAX Modem will broadcast its routing table periodically and incorporate the RIP information that it receives.•In Only - the WiMAX Modem will not send any RIP packets but will accept all RIP packets received.•Out Only - the WiMAX Modem will send out RIP packets but will not accept any RIP packets received.•None - the WiMAX Modem will not send any RIP packets and will ignore any RIP packets received.The Version field controls the format and the broadcasting method of the RIP packets that the WiMAX Modem sends (it recognizes both formats when receiving). RIP-1 is universally supported; but RIP-2 carries more information. RIP-1 is probably adequate for most networks, unless you have an unusual network topology.Both RIP-2B and RIP-2M sends the routing data in RIP-2 format; the difference being that RIP-2B uses subnet broadcasting while RIP-2M uses multicasting.6.6.6 MulticastTraditionally, IP packets are transmitted in one of either two ways - Unicast (1 sender - 1 recipient) or Broadcast (1 sender - everybody on the network). Multicast delivers IP packets to a group of hosts on the network - not everybody and not just 1.IGMP (Internet Group Multicast Protocol) is a network-layer protocol used to establish membership in a Multicast group - it is not used to carry user data. IGMP version 2 (RFC 2236) is an improvement over version 1 (RFC 1112) but IGMP version 1 is still in wide use. If you would like to read more detailed information about interoperability between IGMP version 2 and version 1, please see sections 4 and 5 of RFC 2236. The class D IP address is used to identify host groups and can be in the range 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255. The address 224.0.0.0 is not assigned to any group and is used by IP multicast computers. The address 224.0.0.1 is used for query messages and is assigned to the permanent group of all IP hosts (including gateways). All hosts must join the 224.0.0.1 group in order to participate in IGMP. The address 224.0.0.2 is assigned to the multicast routers group.The WiMAX Modem supports both IGMP version 1 (IGMP-v1) and IGMP version 2 (IGMP-v2). At start up, the WiMAX Modem queries all directly connected
Chapter 6The LAN Configuration ScreensUser s Guide70networks to gather group membership. After that, the WiMAX Modem periodically updates this information. IP multicasting can be enabled/disabled on the WiMAX Modem LAN and/or WAN interfaces in the web configurator (LAN; WAN). Select None to disable IP multicasting on these interfaces.
User s Guide 71CHAPTER 7 The WAN Configuration Screens7.1 Overview Use the ADVANCED > WAN Configuration screens to set up your WiMAX Modem’s Wide Area Network (WAN) or Internet features.A Wide Area Network (or WAN) links geographically dispersed locations to other networks or the Internet. A WAN configuration can include switched and permanent telephone circuits, terrestrial radio systems and satellite systems.7.1.1 What You Can Do in This Chapter•The Internet Connection screen (Section 7.2 on page 74) lets you set up your WiMAX Modem’s Internet settings.•The WiMAX Configuration screen (Section 7.3 on page 76) lets set up the frequencies used by your WiMAX Modem.•The Advanced screen (Section 7.4 on page 81) lets configure your DNS server, RIP, Multicast and Windows Networking settings.7.1.2 What You Need to KnowThe following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter.WiMAX WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is the IEEE 802.16 wireless networking standard, which provides high-bandwidth, wide-range wireless service across wireless Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs).In a wireless MAN, a wireless-equipped computer is known either as a mobile station (MS) or a subscriber station (SS). Mobile stations use the IEEE 802.16e standard and are able to maintain connectivity while switching their connection from one base station to another base station (handover) while subscriber stations use other standards that do not have this capability (IEEE 802.16-2004, for
Chapter 7The WAN Configuration ScreensUser s Guide72example). The following figure shows an MS-equipped notebook computer MS1moving from base station BS1’s coverage area and connecting to BS2.Figure 24 WiMax: Mobile StationWiMAX technology uses radio signals (around 2 to 10 GHz) to connect subscriber stations and mobile stations to local base stations. Numerous subscriber stations and mobile stations connect to the network through a single base station (BS), as in the following figure. Figure 25 WiMAX: Multiple Mobile StationsA base station's coverage area can extend over many hundreds of meters, even under poor conditions. A base station provides network access to subscriber stations and mobile stations, and communicates with other base stations.The radio frequency and bandwidth of the link between the WiMAX Modem and the base station are controlled by the base station. The WiMAX Modem follows the base station’s configuration.
Chapter 7The WAN Configuration ScreensUser s Guide 73AuthenticationWhen authenticating a user, the base station uses a third-party RADIUS or Diameter server known as an AAA (Authentication, Authorization and Accounting) server to authenticate the mobile or subscriber stations. The following figure shows a base station using an AAA server to authenticate mobile station MS, allowing it to access the Internet.Figure 26 Using an AAA ServerIn this figure, the dashed arrow shows the PKM (Privacy Key Management) secured connection between the mobile station and the base station, and the solid arrow shows the EAP secured connection between the mobile station, the base station and the AAA server. See the WiMAX security appendix for more details.
Chapter 7The WAN Configuration ScreensUser s Guide747.2 Internet ConnectionClick ADVANCED > WAN Configuration to set up your WiMAX Modem’s Internet settings.Note: Not all WiMAX Modem models have all the fields shown here.Figure 27 ADVANCED > WAN Configuration > Internet ConnectionThe following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 19 ADVANCED > WAN Configuration > Internet Connection > ISP Parameters for Internet AccessLABEL DESCRIPTIONISP Parameters for Internet AccessUser NameUse this field to enter the username associated with your Internet access account. You can enter up to 61 printable ASCII characters.PasswordUse this field to enter the password associated with your Internet access account. You can enter up to 47 printable ASCII characters.
Chapter 7The WAN Configuration ScreensUser s Guide 75Anonymous Identity Enter the anonymous identity provided by your Internet Service Provider. Anonymous identity (also known as outer identity) is used with EAP-TTLS encryption. The anonymous identity is used to route your authentication request to the correct authentication server, and does not reveal your real user name. Your real user name and password are encrypted in the TLS tunnel, and only the anonymous identity can be seen.Leave this field blank if your ISP did not give you an anonymous identity to use.PKMThis field displays the Privacy Key Management version number. PKM provides security between the WiMAX Modem and the base station. At the time of writing, the WiMAX Modem supports PKMv2 only. See the WiMAX security appendix for more information.AuthenticationThis field displays the user authentication method. Authentication is the process of confirming the identity of a mobile station (by means of a username and password, for example).Check with your service provider if you are unsure of the correct setting for your account. Choose from the following user authentication methods:•TTLS (Tunnelled Transport Layer Security)•TLS (Transport Layer Security)Note: Not all WiMAX Modems support TLS authentication. Check with your service provider for details.TTLS Inner EAPThis field displays the type of secondary authentication method. Once a secure EAP-TTLS connection is established, the inner EAP is the protocol used to exchange security information between the mobile station, the base station and the AAA server to authenticate the mobile station. See the WiMAX security appendix for more details.This field is available only when TTLS is selected in the Authentication field.The WiMAX Modem supports the following inner authentication types:•CHAP (Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol)•MSCHAP (Microsoft CHAP)•MSCHAPV2 (Microsoft CHAP version 2)•PAP (Password Authentication Protocol)Table 19 ADVANCED > WAN Configuration > Internet Connection > ISP Parameters for Internet Access (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTION
Chapter 7The WAN Configuration ScreensUser s Guide767.3 WiMAX ConfigurationClick ADVANCED > WAN Configuration > WiMAX Configuration to set up the frequencies used by your WiMAX Modem.In a WiMAX network, a mobile or subscriber station must use a radio frequency supported by the base station to communicate. When the WiMAX Modem looks for a connection to a base station, it can search a range of frequencies.Auth ModeSelect the authentication mode from the drop-down list box.This field is not available in all WiMAX Modems. Check with your service provider for details.The WiMAX Modem supports the following authentication modes:•User Only•Device Only with Cert•Certs and User AuthenticationCertificateThis is the security certificate the WiMAX Modem uses to authenticate the AAA server. Use the TOOLS > > Trusted CAsscreen to import certificates to the WiMAX Modem.WAN IP Address AssignmentGetautomatically from ISP (Default)Select this if you have a dynamic IP address. A dynamic IP address is not fixed; the ISP assigns you a different one each time you connect to the Internet. Use Fixed IP Address A static IP address is a fixed IP that your ISP gives you. Type your ISP assigned IP address in the IP Address field below. IP Subnet MaskEnter a subnet mask in dotted decimal notation. Refer to the appendicesto calculate a subnet mask If you are implementing subnetting.Gateway IP Address Specify a gateway IP address (supplied by your ISP).ApplyClick to save your changes.ResetClick to restore your previously saved settings.Table 19 ADVANCED > WAN Configuration > Internet Connection > ISP Parameters for Internet Access (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTION
Chapter 7The WAN Configuration ScreensUser s Guide 77Radio frequency is measured in Hertz (Hz). Figure 28 ADVANCED > WAN Configuration >WiMAX Configuration The following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 20 Radio Frequency Conversion1 kHz = 1000 Hz1 MHz = 1000 kHz (1000000 Hz)1 GHz = 1000 MHz (1000000 kHz)Table 21 ADVANCED > WAN Configuration >WiMAX ConfigurationLABEL DESCRIPTIONDL Frequency / Bandwidth These fields show the downlink frequency settings in kilohertz (kHz). Enter values in these fields to have the WiMAX Modem scan these frequencies for available channels in ascending numerical order.Note: The Bandwidth field is not user-configurable; when the WiMAX Modem finds a WiMAX connection, its frequency is displayed in this field.Contact your service provider for details of supported frequencies.
Chapter 7The WAN Configuration ScreensUser s Guide787.3.1 Frequency RangesThe following figure shows the WiMAX Modem searching a range of frequencies to find a connection to a base station. Figure 29 Frequency RangesIn this figure, A is the WiMAX frequency range. “WiMAX frequency range” refers to the entire range of frequencies the WiMAX Modem is capable of using to transmit and receive (see the Product Specifications appendix for details). In the figure, B shows the operator frequency range. This is the range of frequencies within the WiMAX frequency range supported by your operator (service provider).The operator range is subdivided into bandwidth steps. In the figure, each C is a bandwidth step.The arrow D shows the WiMAX Modem searching for a connection.Have the WiMAX Modem search only certain frequencies by configuring the downlink frequencies. Your operator can give you information on the supported frequencies. The downlink frequencies are points of the frequency range your WiMAX Modem searches for an available connection. Use the Site Survey screen to set these bands. You can set the downlink frequencies anywhere within the WiMAX frequency range. In this example, the downlink frequencies have been set to search all of the operator range for a connection.ApplyClick to save your changes.ResetClick to restore your previously saved settings.Table 21 ADVANCED > WAN Configuration >WiMAX Configuration (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTION
Chapter 7The WAN Configuration ScreensUser s Guide 797.3.2 Configuring Frequency SettingsYou need to set the WiMAX Modem to scan one or more specific radio frequencies to find an available connection to a WiMAX base station. Use the WiMAX Frequency screen to define the radio frequencies to be searched for available wireless connections. See Section 7.3.3 on page 79 for an example of using the WiMAX Frequency screen.Note: It may take several minutes for the WiMAX Modem to find a connection.•The WiMAX Modem searches the DL Frequency settings in ascending numerical order, from [1] to [9].Note: The Bandwidth field is not user-configurable; when the WiMAX Modem finds a WiMAX connection, its frequency is displayed in this field.•If you enter a 0 in a DL Frequency field, the WiMAX Modem immediately moves on to the next DL Frequency field.•When the WiMAX Modem connects to a base station, the values in this screen are automatically set to the base station’s frequency. The next time the WiMAX Modem searches for a connection, it searches only this frequency. If you want the WiMAX Modem to search other frequencies, enter them in the DLFrequency fields.The following table describes some examples of DL Frequency settings.7.3.3 Using the WiMAX Frequency ScreenIn this example, your Internet service provider has given you a list of supported frequencies: 2.51, 2.525, 2.6, and 2.625. Table 22 DL Frequency Example SettingsEXAMPLE 1 EXAMPLE 2DL Frequency [1] 25000002500000DL Frequency [2] 25500002550000DL Frequency [3] 02600000DL Frequency [4] 00DL Frequency [5] 00The WiMAX Modem searches at 2500000 kHz, and then searches at 2550000 kHz if it has not found a connection.The WiMAX Modemsearches at 2500000 kHz and then at 2550000 kHz if it has not found an available connection. If it still does not find an available connection, it searches at 2600000 kHz.
Chapter 7The WAN Configuration ScreensUser s Guide801In the DL Frequency [1] field, enter 2510000 (2510000 kilohertz (kHz) is equal to 2.51 gigahertz).2In the DL Frequency [2] field, enter 2525000.3In the DL Frequency [3] field, enter 2600000.4In the DL Frequency [4] field, enter 2625000.Leave the rest of the DL Frequency fields at zero. The screen appears as follows.Figure 30 Completing the WiMAX Frequency Screen5Click Apply. The WiMAX Modem stores your settings. When the WiMAX Modem searches for available frequencies, it scans all frequencies from DL Frequency [1] to DL Frequency [4]. When it finds an available connection, the fields in this screen will be automatically set to use that frequency.
Chapter 7The WAN Configuration ScreensUser s Guide 817.4 AdvancedClick ADVANCED > WAN Configuration > Advanced to configure your DNS server, RIP, Multicast and Windows Networking settings.Figure 31 ADVANCED > WAN Configuration > Advanced The following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 23 ADVANCED > WAN Configuration > AdvancedLABEL DESCRIPTIONDNS ServersFirst, Second and Third DNS Server Select Obtainedfrom ISP if your ISP dynamically assigns DNS server information (and the WiMAX Modem's WAN IP address). Use the drop-down list box to select a DNS server IP address that the ISP assigns in the field to the right. Select UserDefined if you have the IP address of a DNS server. Enter the DNS server's IP address in the field to the right. If you chose UserDefined, but leave the IP address set to 0.0.0.0, UserDefined changes to None after you click Apply. If you set a second choice to UserDefined, and enter the same IP address, the second UserDefined changes to None after you click Apply.Select None if you do not want to configure DNS servers. You must have another DHCP server on your LAN, or else the computers must have their DNS server addresses manually configured. If you do not configure a DNS server, you must know the IP address of a computer in order to access it.RIP & Multicast SetupRIP DirectionSelect the RIP direction from None,Both,In Only and Out Only.RIP VersionSelect the RIP version from RIP-1,RIP-2B and RIP-2M.
Chapter 7The WAN Configuration ScreensUser s Guide82MulticastIGMP (Internet Group Multicast Protocol) is a network-layer protocol used to establish membership in a multicast group. The WiMAX Modem supports both IGMP version 1 (IGMP-v1) and IGMP-v2. Select None to disable it.Windows Networking (NetBIOS over TCP/IP)Allow between LAN and WAN Select this check box to forward NetBIOS packets from the LAN to the WAN and from the WAN to the LAN. If your firewall is enabled with the default policy set to block WAN to LAN traffic, you also need to enable the default WAN to LAN firewall rule that forwards NetBIOS traffic.Clear this check box to block all NetBIOS packets going from the LAN to the WAN and from the WAN to the LAN.ApplyClick to save your changes.ResetClick to restore your previously saved settings.Table 23 ADVANCED > WAN Configuration > Advanced (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTION
User s Guide 83CHAPTER 8 The NAT Configuration Screens8.1 OverviewUse these screens to configure port forwarding and trigger ports for the WiMAX Modem. You can also enable and disable SIP, FTP, and H.323 ALG.Network Address Translation (NAT) maps a host’s IP address within one network to a different IP address in another network. For example, you can use a NAT router to map one IP address from your ISP to multiple private IP addresses for the devices in your home network.8.1.1 What You Can Do in This Chapter•The General screen (Section 8.2 on page 83) lets you enable or disable NAT and to allocate memory for NAT and firewall rules.•The Port Forwarding screen (Section 8.3 on page 84) lets you look at the current port-forwarding rules in the WiMAX Modem, and to enable, disable, activate, and deactivate each one.•The Trigger Port screen (Section 8.4 on page 88) lets you maintain trigger port forwarding rules for the WiMAX Modem.•The ALG screen (Section 8.5 on page 91) lets you enable and disable SIP (VoIP), FTP (file transfer), and H.323 (audio-visual) ALG in the WiMAX Modem.8.2 GeneralClick ADVANCED > NAT Configuration > General to enable or disable NAT and to allocate memory for NAT and firewall rules.Figure 32 ADVANCED > NAT Configuration > General
Chapter 8The NAT Configuration ScreensUser s Guide84The following table describes the labels in this screen.8.3 Port Forwarding A NAT server set is a list of inside (behind NAT on the LAN) servers, for example, web or FTP, that you can make accessible to the outside world even though NAT makes your whole inside network appear as a single machine to the outside world.Use the ADVANCED > NAT Configuration > Port Forwarding screen to forward incoming service requests to the server(s) on your local network. You may enter a single port number or a range of port numbers to be forwarded, and the local IP address of the desired server. The port number identifies a service; for example, web service is on port 80 and FTP on port 21. In some cases, such as for unknown services or where one server can support more than one service (for example both FTP and web service), it might be better to specify a range of port numbers. In addition to the servers for specified services, NAT supports a default server. A service request that does not have a server explicitly designated for it is forwarded to the default server. If the default is not defined, the service request is simply discarded.Table 24 ADVANCED > NAT Configuration > GeneralLABEL DESCRIPTIONEnable Network Address Translation Select this if you want to use port forwarding, trigger ports, or any of the ALG.Max NAT/Firewall Session Per User When computers use peer to peer applications, such as file sharing applications, they may use a large number of NAT sessions. If you do not limit the number of NAT sessions a single client can establish, this can result in all of the available NAT sessions being used. In this case, no additional NAT sessions can be established, and users may not be able to access the Internet. Each NAT session establishes a corresponding firewall session. Use this field to limit the number of NAT/firewall sessions each client computer can establish through the WiMAX Modem. If your network has a small number of clients using peer to peer applications, you can raise this number to ensure that their performance is not degraded by the number of NAT sessions they can establish. If your network has a large number of users using peer to peer applications, you can lower this number to ensure no single client is using all of the available NAT sessions. Apply Click to save your changes.CancelClick to return to the previous screen without saving your changes.
Chapter 8The NAT Configuration ScreensUser s Guide 85For example, let's say you want to assign ports 21-25 to one FTP, Telnet and SMTP server (A in the example), port 80 to another (B in the example) and assign a default server IP address of 192.168.1.35 to a third (C in the example). You assign the LAN IP addresses and the ISP assigns the WAN IP address. The NAT network appears as a single host on the Internet.Figure 33 Multiple Servers Behind NAT Example8.3.1 Port Forwarding OptionsClick ADVANCED > NAT Configuration > Port Forwarding to look at the current port-forwarding rules in the WiMAX Modem, and to enable, disable, activate, and deactivate each one. You can also set up a default server to handle ports not covered by rules.Figure 34 ADVANCED > NAT Configuration > Port Forwarding
Chapter 8The NAT Configuration ScreensUser s Guide86The following table describes the icons in this screen.The following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 25 Advanced> VPN Transport > Customer InterfaceICON DESCRIPTIONEditClick to edit this item.DeleteClick to delete this item.Table 26 ADVANCED > NAT Configuration > Port ForwardingLABEL DESCRIPTIONDefault Server SetupDefault Server Enter the IP address of the server to which the WiMAX Modem should forward packets for ports that are not specified in the Port Forwardingsection below or in the TOOLS > Remote MGMT screens. Enter 0.0.0.0 if you want the WiMAX Modem to discard these packets instead.Port Forwarding#The number of the item in this list.Active Select this to enable this rule. Clear this to disable this rule.Name This field displays the name of the rule. It does not have to be unique.Start Port This field displays the beginning of the range of port numbers forwarded by this rule.End Port This field displays the end of the range of port numbers forwarded by this rule. If it is the same as the Start Port, only one port number is forwarded.Server IP Address This field displays the IP address of the server to which packet for the selected port(s) are forwarded.ActionClick the Edit icon to set up a port forwarding rule or alter the configuration of an existing port forwarding rule.Click the Delete icon to remove an existing port forwarding rule. Apply Click to save your changes.Reset Click to restore your previously saved settings.
Chapter 8The NAT Configuration ScreensUser s Guide 878.3.2 Port Forwarding Rule SetupClick a port forwarding rule’s Edit icon in the ADVANCED >NAT Configuration >Port Forwarding screen to activate, deactivate, or edit it.Figure 35 ADVANCED > NAT Configuration > Port Forwarding > Rule SetupThe following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 27 ADVANCED > NAT Configuration > Port Forwarding > Rule SetupLABEL DESCRIPTIONActive Select this to enable this rule. Clear this to disable this rule.Service Name Enter a name to identify this rule. You can use 1 - 31 printable ASCII characters, or you can leave this field blank. It does not have to be a unique name.Start PortEnd PortEnter the port number or range of port numbers you want to forward to the specified server.To forward one port number, enter the port number in the Start Portand End Port fields.To forward a range of ports,•enter the port number at the beginning of the range in the Start Port field•enter the port number at the end of the range in the End Port field.Server IP Address Enter the IP address of the server to which to forward packets for the selected port number(s). This server is usually on the LAN.Apply Click to save your changes.CancelClick to return to the previous screen without saving your changes.
Chapter 8The NAT Configuration ScreensUser s Guide888.4 Trigger PortSome services use a dedicated range of ports on the client side and a dedicated range of ports on the server side. With regular port forwarding you set a forwarding port in NAT to forward a service (coming in from the server on the WAN) to the IP address of a computer on the client side (LAN). The problem is that port forwarding only forwards a service to a single LAN IP address. In order to use the same service on a different LAN computer, you have to manually replace the LAN computer's IP address in the forwarding port with another LAN computer's IP address, Trigger port forwarding solves this problem by allowing computers on the LAN to dynamically take turns using the service. The WiMAX Modem records the IP address of a LAN computer that sends traffic to the WAN to request a service with a specific port number and protocol (a "trigger" port). When the WiMAX Modem's WAN port receives a response with a specific port number and protocol ("incoming" port), the WiMAX Modem forwards the traffic to the LAN IP address of the computer that sent the request. After that computer’s connection for that service closes, another computer on the LAN can use the service in the same manner. This way you do not need to configure a new IP address each time you want a different LAN computer to use the application.Click ADVANCED > NAT Configuration > Trigger Port to maintain trigger port forwarding rules for the WiMAX Modem.Figure 36 ADVANCED > NAT Configuration > Trigger Port
Chapter 8The NAT Configuration ScreensUser s Guide 89The following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 28 ADVANCED > NAT Configuration > Trigger PortLABEL DESCRIPTION#The number of the item in this list.Name Enter a name to identify this rule. You can use 1 - 15 printable ASCII characters, or you can leave this field blank. It does not have to be a unique name.IncomingStart PortEnd Port Enter the incoming port number or range of port numbers you want to forward to the IP address the WiMAX Modem records.To forward one port number, enter the port number in the Start Portand End Port fields.To forward a range of ports,•enter the port number at the beginning of the range in the Start Port field•enter the port number at the end of the range in the End Port field.If you want to delete this rule, enter zero in the Start Port and EndPort fields.TriggerStart PortEnd Port Enter the outgoing port number or range of port numbers that makes the WiMAX Modem record the source IP address and assign it to the selected incoming port number(s).To select one port number, enter the port number in the Start Port and End Port fields.To select a range of ports,•enter the port number at the beginning of the range in the Start Port field•enter the port number at the end of the range in the End Port field.If you want to delete this rule, enter zero in the Start Port and EndPort fields.Apply Click to save your changes.CancelClick to return to the previous screen without saving your changes.
Chapter 8The NAT Configuration ScreensUser s Guide908.4.1 Trigger Port Forwarding ExampleThe following is an example of trigger port forwarding. In this example, J is Jane’s computer and S is the Real Audio server.Figure 37 Trigger Port Forwarding Example1Jane requests a file from the Real Audio server (port 7070).2Port 7070 is a “trigger” port and causes the WiMAX Modem to record Jane’s computer IP address. The WiMAX Modem associates Jane's computer IP address with the "incoming" port range of 6970-7170.3The Real Audio server responds using a port number ranging between 6970-7170.4The WiMAX Modem forwards the traffic to Jane’s computer IP address. 5Only Jane can connect to the Real Audio server until the connection is closed or times out. The WiMAX Modem times out in three minutes with UDP (User Datagram Protocol), or two hours with TCP/IP (Transfer Control Protocol/Internet Protocol). Two points to remember about trigger ports:1Trigger events only happen on data that is coming from inside the WiMAX Modem and going to the outside.2If an application needs a continuous data stream, that port (range) will be tied up so that another computer on the LAN can’t trigger it.
Chapter 8The NAT Configuration ScreensUser s Guide 918.5 ALGSome applications, such as SIP, cannot operate through NAT (are NAT un-friendly) because they embed IP addresses and port numbers in their packets’ data payload. Some NAT routers may include a SIP Application Layer Gateway (ALG). An Application Layer Gateway (ALG) manages a specific protocol (such as SIP, H.323 or FTP) at the application layer. A SIP ALG allows SIP calls to pass through NAT by examining and translating IP addresses embedded in the data stream.Click ADVANCED > NAT Configuration > ALG to enable and disable SIP (VoIP), FTP (file transfer), and H.323 (audio-visual) ALG in the WiMAX Modem.Figure 38 ADVANCED > NAT Configuration > ALGThe following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 29 ADVANCED > NAT Configuration > ALGLABEL DESCRIPTIONEnable SIP ALG Select this to make sure SIP (VoIP) works correctly with port-forwarding and port-triggering rules.Enable FTP ALG Select this to make sure FTP (file transfer) works correctly with port-forwarding and port-triggering rules.Enable H.323 ALG Select this to make sure H.323 (audio-visual programs, such as NetMeeting) works correctly with port-forwarding and port-triggering rules.Apply Click to save your changes.CancelClick to return to the previous screen without saving your changes.
Chapter 8The NAT Configuration ScreensUser s Guide92
User s Guide 93CHAPTER 9 The System ConfigurationScreens9.1 OverviewClick ADVANCED > System Configuration to set up general system settings, change the system mode, change the password, configure the DDNS server settings, and set the current date and time.9.1.1 What You Can Do in This Chapter•The General screen (Section 9.2 on page 95) lets you change the WiMAX Modem’s mode, set up its system name, domain name, idle timeout, and administrator password.•The Dynamic DNS screen (Section 9.3 on page 96) lets you set up the WiMAX Modem as a dynamic DNS client.•The Firmware screen (Section 9.4 on page 98) lets you upload new firmware to the WiMAX Modem.•The Configuration screen (Section 9.5 on page 100) lets you back up or restore the configuration of the WiMAX Modem.•The Restart screen (Section 9.6 on page 101) lets you restart your WiMAX Modem from within the web configurator.•The Bridge screen (Section 9.7 on page 102) lets you set the WiMAX Modem to either Bridge or Router mode.9.1.2 What You Need to KnowThe following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter.System NameThe System Name is often used for identification purposes. Because some ISPs check this name you should enter your computer's "Computer Name".
Chapter 9The System Configuration ScreensUser s Guide94•In Windows 2000: Click Start > Settings > Control Panel and then double-click the System icon. Select the Network Identification tab and then click the Properties button. Note the entry for the Computer Name field and enter it as the System Name.•In Windows XP: Click Start > My Computer > View system information and then click the Computer Name tab. Note the entry in the Full computer name field and enter it as the WiMAX Modem System Name.Domain NameThe Domain Name entry is what is propagated to the DHCP clients on the LAN. If you leave this blank, the domain name obtained by DHCP from the ISP is used. While you must enter the host name (System Name) on each individual computer, the domain name can be assigned from the WiMAX Modem via DHCP.DNS Server Address AssignmentUse DNS (Domain Name System) to map a domain name to its corresponding IP address and vice versa. The DNS server is extremely important because without it, you must know the IP address of a computer before you can access it. The WiMAX Modem can get the DNS server addresses in the following ways:1The ISP tells you the DNS server addresses, usually in the form of an information sheet, when you sign up. If your ISP gives you DNS server addresses, enter them in the DNS Server fields in the SYSTEM General screen.2If the ISP did not give you DNS server information, leave the DNS Server fields in the SYSTEM General screen set to 0.0.0.0 for the ISP to dynamically assign the DNS server IP addresses.
Chapter 9The System Configuration ScreensUser s Guide 959.2 General Click ADVANCED > System Configuration > General to change the WiMAX Modem’s mode, set up its system name, domain name, idle timeout, and administrator password.Figure 39 ADVANCED > System Configuration > GeneralThe following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 30 ADVANCED > System Configuration > GeneralLABEL DESCRIPTIONSystem SetupSystem NameEnter your computer's "Computer Name". This is for identification purposes, but some ISPs also check this field. This name can be up to 30 alphanumeric characters long. Spaces are not allowed, but dashes “-” and underscores "_" are accepted.Domain NameEnter the domain name entry that is propagated to DHCP clients on the LAN. If you leave this blank, the domain name obtained from the ISP is used. Use up to 38 alphanumeric characters. Spaces are not allowed, but dashes “-” and periods "." are accepted.Administrator Inactivity Timer Enter the number of minutes a management session can be left idle before the session times out. After it times out, you have to log in again. A value of "0" means a management session never times out, no matter how long it has been left idle. This is not recommended. Long idle timeouts may have security risks. The default is five minutes. Password SetupOld PasswordEnter the current password you use to access the WiMAX Modem.New PasswordEnter the new password for the WiMAX Modem. You can use up to 30 characters. As you type the password, the screen displays an asterisk (*) for each character you type.
Chapter 9The System Configuration ScreensUser s Guide969.3 Dynamic DNSDynamic DNS allows you to update your current dynamic IP address with one or many dynamic DNS services so that anyone can contact you (in NetMeeting, CU-SeeMe, etc.). You can also access your FTP server or Web site on your own computer using a domain name (for instance myhost.dhs.org, where myhost is a name of your choice) that will never change instead of using an IP address that changes each time you reconnect. Your friends or relatives will always be able to call you even if they don't know your IP address.First of all, you need to have registered a dynamic DNS account with www.dyndns.org. This is for people with a dynamic IP from their ISP or DHCP server that would still like to have a domain name. The Dynamic DNS service provider will give you a password or key.Enabling the wildcard feature for your host causes *.yourhost.dyndns.org to be aliased to the same IP address as yourhost.dyndns.org. This feature is useful if you want to be able to use, for example, www.yourhost.dyndns.org and still reach your hostname.Note: If you have a private WAN IP address, then you cannot use Dynamic DNS.Retype to Confirm Enter the new password again.ApplyClick to save your changes.ResetClick to restore your previously saved settings.Table 30 ADVANCED > System Configuration > General (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTION
Chapter 9The System Configuration ScreensUser s Guide 97Click ADVANCED > System Configuration > Dynamic DNS to set up the WiMAX Modem as a dynamic DNS client.Figure 40 ADVANCED > System Configuration > Dynamic DNSThe following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 31 ADVANCED > System Configuration > Dynamic DNSLABEL DESCRIPTIONDynamic DNS SetupEnable Dynamic DNS Select this to use dynamic DNS.Service Provider Select the name of your Dynamic DNS service provider.Dynamic DNS Type Select the type of service that you are registered for from your Dynamic DNS service provider.Host Name Enter the host name. You can specify up to two host names, separated by a comma (",").User Name Enter your user name.Password Enter the password assigned to you.Enable Wildcard Option Select this to enable the DynDNS Wildcard feature.Enable offline option This field is available when CustomDNS is selected in the DDNS Type field. Select this if your Dynamic DNS service provider redirects traffic to a URL that you can specify while you are off line. Check with your Dynamic DNS service provider.
Chapter 9The System Configuration ScreensUser s Guide989.4 FirmwareClick ADVANCED > System Configuration > Firmware to upload new firmware to the WiMAX Modem. Firmware files usually use the system model name with a "*.bin" extension, such as "WiMAX Modem.bin". The upload process uses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) and may take up to two minutes. After a successful upload, the system will reboot. Contact your service provider for information on available firmware upgrades.Note: Only use firmware for your WiMAX Modem s specific model.Figure 41 ADVANCED > System Configuration > FirmwareThe following table describes the labels in this screen.IP Address Update PolicyUse WAN IP Address Select this if you want the WiMAX Modem to update the domain name with the WAN port's IP address.Dynamic DNS server auto detect IP addressSelect this if you want the DDNS server to update the IP address of the host name(s) automatically. Select this optionwhen there are one or more NAT routers between the WiMAX Modem and the DDNS server.Note: The DDNS server may not be able to detect the proper IP address if there is an HTTP proxy server between the WiMAX Modem and the DDNS server.Use specified IP address Select this if you want to use the specified IP address with the host name(s). Then, specify the IP address. Use this option if you have a static IP address.ApplyClick to save your changes.ResetClick to restore your previously saved settings.Table 31 ADVANCED > System Configuration > Dynamic DNS (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTIONTable 32 ADVANCED > System Configuration > FirmwareLABEL DESCRIPTIONFile Path Enter the location of the *.bin file you want to upload, or click Browse... to find it. You must decompress compressed (.zip) files before you can upload them.
Chapter 9The System Configuration ScreensUser s Guide 999.4.1 The Firmware Upload ProcessWhen the WiMAX Modem uploads new firmware, the process usually takes about two minutes. The device also automatically restarts in this time. This causes a temporary network disconnect.Note: Do not turn off the device while firmware upload is in progress!After two minutes, log in again, and check your new firmware version in the Status screen. You might have to open a new browser window to log in.If the upload is not successful, you will be notified by error message.Click Return to go back to the Firmware screen.Browse... Click this to find the *.bin file you want to upload.Upload Click this to begin uploading the selected file. This may take up to two minutes.Note: Do not turn off the device while firmware upload is in progress!Table 32 ADVANCED > System Configuration > Firmware (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTION
Chapter 9The System Configuration ScreensUser s Guide1009.5 ConfigurationClick ADVANCED > System Configuration > Configuration to back up or restore the configuration of the WiMAX Modem. You can also use this screen to reset the WiMAX Modem to the factory default settings.Figure 42 ADVANCED > System Configuration > ConfigurationThe following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 33 ADVANCED > System Configuration > ConfigurationLABEL DESCRIPTIONBackup ConfigurationBackup Click this to save the WiMAX Modem’s current configuration to a file on your computer. Once your device is configured and functioning properly, it is highly recommended that you back up your configuration file before making configuration changes. The backup configuration file is useful if you need to return to your previous settings.Restore ConfigurationFile PathEnter the location of the file you want to upload, or click Browse... to find it.BrowseClick this to find the file you want to upload.UploadClick this to restore the selected configuration file.Note: Do not turn off the device while configuration file upload is in progress.Back to Factory DefaultsReset Click this to clear all user-entered configuration information and return the WiMAX Modem to its factory defaults. There is no warning screen.
Chapter 9The System Configuration ScreensUser s Guide 1019.5.1 The Restore Configuration ProcessWhen the WiMAX Modem restores a configuration file, the device automatically restarts. This causes a temporary network disconnect. Note: Do not turn off the device while configuration file upload is in progress.If the WiMAX Modem’s IP address is different in the configuration file you selected, you may need to change the IP address of your computer to be in the same subnet as that of the default management IP address (192.168.5.1). See the Quick Start Guide or the appendices for details on how to set up your computer’s IP address.You might have to open a new browser to log in again.If the upload was not successful, you are notified by Configuration Upload Errormessage:Click Return to go back to the Configuration screen.9.6 RestartClick ADVANCED > System Configuration > Restart to reboot the WiMAX Modem without turning the power off.Note: Restarting the WiMAX Modem does not affect its configuration.Figure 43 ADVANCED > System Configuration > RestartThe following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 34 ADVANCED > System Configuration > FirmwareLABEL DESCRIPTIONRestart Click this button to have the device perform a software restart. The Power LED blinks as it restarts and the shines steadily if the restart is successful.Note: Wait one minute before logging back into the WiMAX Modem after a restart.
Chapter 9The System Configuration ScreensUser s Guide1029.6.1 The Restart Process When you click Restart, the process usually takes about two minutes. Once the restart is complete you can log in again.9.7 BridgeClick ADVANCED > System Configuration > Bridge to set the WiMAX Modem to either Bridge or Router mode.Figure 44 ADVANCED > System Configuration > BridgeThe following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 35 ADVANCED > System Configuration > BridgeLABEL DESCRIPTIONSelect the Bridge ModeBridge ModeSelect this option to set the WiMAX Modem to Bridge mode.Router ModeSelect this option to set the WiMAX Modem to Router mode.ApplyClick to save your changes.
User s Guide 103CHAPTER 10The Service ConfigurationScreens10.1 OverviewThe VOICE > Service Configuration screens allow you to set up your voice accounts and configure your QoS settings.VoIP (Voice over IP) is the sending of voice signals over the Internet Protocol. This allows you to make phone calls and send faxes over the Internet at a fraction of the cost of using the traditional circuit-switched telephone network. You can also use servers to run telephone service applications like PBX services and voice mail. Internet Telephony Service Provider (ITSP) companies provide VoIP service. A company could alternatively set up an IP-PBX and provide it’s own VoIP service.Circuit-switched telephone networks require 64 kilobits per second (kbps) in each direction to handle a telephone call. VoIP can use advanced voice coding techniques with compression to reduce the required bandwidth.10.1.1 What You Can Do in This Chapter•The SIP Settings screen (Section 10.2 on page 105) lets you setup and maintain your SIP account(s) in the WiMAX Modem.•The Advanced SIP Settings screen (Section 10.2.1 on page 107) lets you set up and maintain advanced settings for each SIP account•The QoS screen (Section 10.3 on page 113) lets you set up and maintain ToS and VLAN settings for the WiMAX Modem.10.1.2 What You Need to KnowThe following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter.SIPThe Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is an application-layer control (signaling) protocol that handles the setting up, altering and tearing down of voice and
Chapter 10The Service Configuration ScreensUser s Guide104multimedia sessions over the Internet. SIP signaling is separate from the media for which it handles sessions. The media that is exchanged during the session can use a different path from that of the signaling. SIP handles telephone calls and can interface with traditional circuit-switched telephone networks.SIP IdentitiesA SIP account uses an identity (sometimes referred to as a SIP address). A complete SIP identity is called a SIP URI (Uniform Resource Identifier). A SIP account's URI identifies the SIP account in a way similar to the way an e-mail address identifies an e-mail account. The format of a SIP identity is SIP-Number@SIP-Service-Domain.SIP NumberThe SIP number is the part of the SIP URI that comes before the “@” symbol. A SIP number can use letters like in an e-mail address (johndoe@your-ITSP.com for example) or numbers like a telephone number (1122334455@VoIP-provider.com for example).SIP Service DomainThe SIP service domain of the VoIP service provider (the company that lets you make phone calls over the Internet) is the domain name in a SIP URI. For example, if the SIP address is 1122334455@VoIP-provider.com, then “VoIP-provider.com” is the SIP service domain.SIP Register ServerA SIP register server maintains a database of SIP identity-to-IP address (or domain name) mapping. The register server checks your user name and password when you register. RTPWhen you make a VoIP call using SIP, the RTP (Real time Transport Protocol) is used to handle voice data transfer. See RFC 1889 for details on RTP.Use NATIf you know the NAT router’s public IP address and SIP port number, you can use the Use NAT feature to manually configure the WiMAX Modem to use a them in the SIP messages. This eliminates the need for STUN or a SIP ALG. You must also configure the NAT router to forward traffic with this port number to the WiMAX Modem.
Chapter 10The Service Configuration ScreensUser s Guide 10510.1.3 Before you Begin•Ensure that you have all of your voice account information on hand. If not, contact your voice account service provider to find out which settings in this chapter you should configure in order to use your telephone with the WiMAX Modem.•Connect your WiMAX Modem to the Internet, as described in the Quick Start Guide. If you have not already done so, then you will not be able to test your VoIP settings.10.2 SIP SettingsClick VOICE > Service Configuration > SIP Setting to setup and maintain your SIP account(s) in the WiMAX Modem. Your VoIP or Internet service provider should provide you with your account information. You can also enable and disable each SIP account.Figure 45 VOICE > Service Configuration > SIP Setting
Chapter 10The Service Configuration ScreensUser s Guide106The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 36 VOICE > Service Configuration > SIP SettingLABEL DESCRIPTIONSIP Account Select the SIP account you want to see in this screen. If you change this field, the screen automatically refreshes.SIP SettingsActive SIP Account Select this if you want the WiMAX Modem to use this account. Clear it if you do not want the WiMAX Modem to use this account.NumberEnter your SIP number. In the full SIP URI, this is the part before the @ symbol. You can use up to 127 printable ASCII characters.SIP Local Port Enter the WiMAX Modem’s listening port number, if your VoIP service provider gave you one. Otherwise, keep the default value.SIP Server Address Enter the IP address or domain name of the SIP server provided by your VoIP service provider. You can use up to 95 printable ASCII characters. It does not matter whether the SIP server is a proxy, redirect or register server.SIP Server Port Enter the SIP server’s listening port number, if your VoIP service provider gave you one. Otherwise, keep the default value.REGISTER ServerAddressEnter the IP address or domain name of the SIP register server, if your VoIP service provider gave you one. Otherwise, enter the same address you entered in the SIP Server Address field. You can use up to 95 printable ASCII characters.REGISTER Server Port Enter the SIP register server’s listening port number, if your VoIP service provider gave you one. Otherwise, enter the same port number you entered in the SIP Server Port field.SIP Service Domain Enter the SIP service domain name. In the full SIP URI, this is the part after the @ symbol. You can use up to 127 printable ASCII Extended set characters.Send Caller IDSelect this if you want to send identification when you make VoIP phone calls. Clear this if you do not want to send identification.AuthenticationUser NameEnter the user name for registering this SIP account, exactly as it was given to you. You can use up to 95 printable ASCII characters.PasswordEnter the user name for registering this SIP account, exactly as it was given to you. You can use up to 95 printable ASCII Extended set characters.Apply Click to save your changes.Reset Click to restore your previously saved settings.Advanced Setup Click this to edit the advanced settings for this SIP account. The Advanced SIP Settings screen appears.
Chapter 10The Service Configuration ScreensUser s Guide 10710.2.1 Advanced SIP SettingsThis section describes the features of the Advanced SIP settings screen.10.2.1.1 STUNSTUN (Simple Traversal of User Datagram Protocol (UDP) through Network Address Translators) allows the WiMAX Modem to find the presence and types of NAT routers and/or firewalls between it and the public Internet. STUN also allows the WiMAX Modem to find the public IP address that NAT assigned, so the WiMAX Modem can embed it in the SIP data stream. STUN does not work with symmetric NAT routers or firewalls. See RFC 3489 for details on STUN.The following figure shows how STUN works. 1The WiMAX Modem (A) sends SIP packets to the STUN server (B).2The STUN server (B) finds the public IP address and port number that the NAT router used on the WiMAX Modem’s SIP packets and sends them to the WiMAX Modem.3The WiMAX Modem uses the public IP address and port number in the SIP packets that it sends to the SIP server (C).Figure 46 STUN Example10.2.1.2 Outbound ProxyYour VoIP service provider may host a SIP outbound proxy server to handle all of the WiMAX Modem’s VoIP traffic. This allows the WiMAX Modem to work with any type of NAT router and eliminates the need for STUN or a SIP ALG. Turn off a SIP ALG on a NAT router in front of the WiMAX Modem to keep it from re-translating the IP address (since this is already handled by the outbound proxy server).10.2.1.3 Voice CodingA codec (coder/decoder) codes analog voice signals into digital signals and decodes the digital signals back into voice signals. The WiMAX Modem supports the following codecs.ABCNAT1
Chapter 10The Service Configuration ScreensUser s Guide108•G.711 is a Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) waveform codec. PCM measures analog signal amplitudes at regular time intervals (sampling) and converts them into digital bits (quantization). Quantization “reads” the analog signal and then “writes” it to the nearest digital value. For this reason, a digital sample is usually slightly different from its analog original (this difference is known as “quantization noise”). G.711 provides excellent sound quality but requires 64kbps of bandwidth.•G.723 is an Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation (ADPCM) waveform codec. Differential (or Delta) PCM is similar to PCM, but encodes the audio signal based on the difference between one sample and a prediction based on previous samples, rather than encoding the sample’s actual quantized value. Many thousands of samples are taken each second, and the differences between consecutive samples are usually quite small, so this saves space and reduces the bandwidth necessary. However, DPCM produces a high quality signal (high signal-to-noise ratio or SNR) for high difference signals (where the actual signal is very different from what was predicted) but a poor quality signal (low SNR) for low difference signals (where the actual signal is very similar to what was predicted). This is because the level of quantization noise is the same at all signal levels. Adaptive DPCM solves this problem by adapting the difference signal’s level of quantization according to the audio signal’s strength. A low difference signal is given a higher quantization level, increasing its signal-to-noise ratio. This provides a similar sound quality at all signal levels. G.723 provides high quality sound and requires 20 or 40 kbps.•G.729 is an Analysis-by-Synthesis (AbS) hybrid waveform codec. It uses a filter based on information about how the human vocal tract produces sounds. The codec analyzes the incoming voice signal and attempts to synthesize it using its list of voice elements. It tests the synthesized signal against the original and, if it is acceptable, transmits details of the voice elements it used to make the synthesis. Because the codec at the receiving end has the same list, it can exactly recreate the synthesized audio signal.G.729 provides good sound quality and reduces the required bandwidth to 8kbps.10.2.1.4 MWI (Message Waiting Indication)Enable Message Waiting Indication (MWI) enables your phone to give you a message–waiting (beeping) dial tone when you have one or more voice messages. Your VoIP service provider must have a messaging system that sends message-waiting-status SIP packets as defined in RFC 3842.
Chapter 10The Service Configuration ScreensUser s Guide 10910.2.1.5 Advanced SIP Settings OptionsClick Advanced in VOICE > Service Configuration > SIP Settings to set up and maintain advanced settings for each SIP account.Figure 47 VOICE > Service Configuration > SIP Settings > AdvancedThe following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 37 VOICE > Service Configuration > SIP Settings > AdvancedLABEL DESCRIPTIONSIP Server SettingsURL TypeSelect whether or not to include the SIP service domain name when the WiMAX Modem sends the SIP number.•SIP - include the SIP service domain name•TEL - do not include the SIP service domain nameExpiration Duration Enter the number of seconds your SIP account is registered with the SIP register server before it is deleted. The WiMAX Modem automatically tries to re-register your SIP account when one-half of this time has passed. (The SIP register server might have a different expiration.)Register Re-send timer Enter the number of seconds the WiMAX Modem waits before it tries again to register the SIP account, if the first try failed or if there is no response.
Chapter 10The Service Configuration ScreensUser s Guide110Session ExpiresEnter the number of seconds the conversation can last before the call is automatically disconnected. Usually, when one-half of this time has passed, the WiMAX Modem or the other party updates this timer to prevent this from happening.Min-SEEnter the minimum number of seconds the WiMAX Modem accepts for a session expiration time when it receives a request to start a SIP session. If the request has a shorter time, the WiMAX Modem rejects it.RTP Port RangeStart PortEnd PortEnter the listening port number(s) for RTP traffic, if your VoIP service provider gave you this information. Otherwise, keep the default values.To enter one port number, enter the port number in the Start Port and End Port fields.To enter a range of ports:•Type the port number at the beginning of the range in the Start Port field•Type the port number at the end of the range in the End Port field.Voice CompressionPrimary, Secondary, and ThirdCompressionSelect the type of voice coder/decoder (codec) that you want the WiMAX Modem to use. G.711 provides high voice quality but requires more bandwidth (64 kbps).•G.711A is typically used in Europe.•G.711u is typically used in North America and Japan.•G.723 provides good voice quality, and requires 20 or 40 kbps.•G.729 requires only 8 kbps.The WiMAX Modem must use the same codec as the peer. When two SIP devices start a SIP session, they must agree on a codec.For more on voice compression, see Voice Coding on page107DTMF Mode Control how the WiMAX Modem handles the tones that your telephone makes when you push its buttons. You should use the same mode your VoIP service provider uses.•RFC 2833 - send the DTMF tones in RTP packets•PCM - send the DTMF tones in the voice data stream. This method works best when you are using a codec that does not use compression (like G.711). Codecs that use compression (like G.729) can distort the tones.•SIP INFO - send the DTMF tones in SIP messagesSTUNActiveSelect this if all of the following conditions are satisfied.•There is a NAT router between the WiMAX Modem and the SIP server.•The NAT router is not a SIP ALG.•Your VoIP service provider gave you an IP address or domain name for a STUN server.•Otherwise, clear this field.Table 37 VOICE > Service Configuration > SIP Settings > Advanced (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTION
Chapter 10The Service Configuration ScreensUser s Guide 111Server AddressEnter the IP address or domain name of the STUN server provided by your VoIP service provider.Server PortEnter the STUN server’s listening port, if your VoIP service provider gave you one. Otherwise, keep the default value.Use NATActiveSelect this if you want the WiMAX Modem to send SIP traffic to a specific NAT router. You must also configure the NAT router to forward traffic with the specified port to the WiMAX Modem. This eliminates the need for STUN or a SIP ALG.Server AddressEnter the public IP address or domain name of the NAT router.Server PortEnter the port number that your SIP sessions use with the public IP address of the NAT router.Outbound ProxyActiveSelect this if your VoIP service provider has a SIP outbound server to handle voice calls. This allows the WiMAX Modem to work with any type of NAT router and eliminates the need for STUN or a SIP ALG. Turn off any SIP ALG on a NAT router in front of the WiMAX Modem to keep it from re-translating the IP address (since this is already handled by the outbound proxy server).Server AddressEnter the IP address or domain name of the SIP outbound proxy server. Server PortEnter the SIP outbound proxy server’s listening port, if your VoIP service provider gave you one. Otherwise, keep the default value.NAT Keep AliveActiveSelect this to stop NAT routers between the WiMAX Modem and SIP server (a SIP proxy server or outbound proxy server) from dropping the SIP session. The WiMAX Modem does this by sending SIP notify messages to the SIP server based on the specified interval.Keep Alive with SIP Proxy Select this if the SIP server is a SIP proxy server.Keep Alive with Outbound Proxy Select this if the SIP server is an outbound proxy server. You must enable Outbound Proxy to use this.Keep Alive Interval Enter how often (in seconds) the WiMAX Modem should send SIP notify messages to the SIP server.MWI (Message Waiting Indication)EnableSelect this if you want to hear a waiting (beeping) dial tone on your phone when you have at least one voice message. Your VoIP service provider must support this feature.Expiration TimeKeep the default value, unless your VoIP service provider tells you to change it. Enter the number of seconds the SIP server should provide the message waiting service each time the WiMAX Modem subscribes to the service. Before this time passes, the WiMAX Modem automatically subscribes again.Fax OptionG.711 Fax Passthrough Select this if the WiMAX Modem should use G.711 to send fax messages. The peer devices must also use G.711.Table 37 VOICE > Service Configuration > SIP Settings > Advanced (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTION
Chapter 10The Service Configuration ScreensUser s Guide11210.2.1.6 Custom Tones (IVR)IVR (Interactive Voice Response) is a feature that allows you to use your telephone to interact with the WiMAX Modem. The WiMAX Modem allows you to record custom tones for the Caller Ringing Tone and On Hold Tone functions. The same recordings apply to both the caller ringing and on hold tones. Use the following steps if you would like to create new tones or change your tones: T.38 Fax RelaySelect this if the WiMAX Modem should send fax messages as UDP or TCP/IP packets through IP networks. This provides better quality, but it may have inter-operability problems. The peer devices must also use T.38.Call ForwardCall Forward Table Select which call forwarding table you want the WiMAX Modem to use for incoming calls. You set up these tables in VOICE > Phone Book > Incoming Call Policy.Caller RingingEnableCheck this box if you want people to hear a customized recording when they call you. Caller Ringing Tone Select the tone you want people to hear when they call you. See Custom Tones (IVR) on page112 for information on how to record these tones.On HoldEnableCheck this box if you want people to hear a customized recording when you put them on hold. On Hold ToneSelect the tone you want people to hear when you put them on hold. See Custom Tones (IVR) on page112 for information on how to record these tones.BackClick this to return to the SIP Settings screen without saving your changes.Apply Click to save your changes.Reset Click to restore your previously saved settings.Table 37 VOICE > Service Configuration > SIP Settings > Advanced (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTIONTable 38 Custom Tones DetailsLABEL DESCRIPTIONTotal Time for All Tones128 seconds for all custom tones combinedMaximum Time per Individual Tone 20 secondsTotal Number of Tones Recordable 8You can record up to eight different custom tones but the total time must be 128 seconds or less.
Chapter 10The Service Configuration ScreensUser s Guide 1131Pick up the phone and press **** on your phone’s keypad and wait for the message that says you are in the configuration menu. 2Press a number from 1101~1108 on your phone followed by the # key.3Play your desired music or voice recording into the receiver’s mouthpiece. Press the # key.4You can continue to add, listen to, or delete tones, or you can hang up the receiver when you are done.Do the following to listen to a custom tone:1Pick up the phone and press **** on your phone’s keypad and wait for the message that says you are in the configuration menu.2Press a number from 1201~1208 followed by the # key to listen to the tone.3You can continue to add, listen to, or delete tones, or you can hang up the receiver when you are done.Do the following to delete a custom tone:1Pick up the phone and press **** on your phone’s keypad and wait for the message that says you are in the configuration menu.2Press a number from 1301~1308 followed by the # key to delete the tone of your choice. Press 14 followed by the # key if you wish to clear all your custom tones.3You can continue to add, listen to, or delete tones, or you can hang up the receiver when you are done.10.3 QoSNetwork traffic can be classified by setting the ToS (Type Of Service) values at the data source (for example, at the WiMAX Modem) so a server can decide the best method of delivery, that is the least cost, fastest route and so on.Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) allows a physical network to be partitioned into multiple logical networks. Only stations within the same group can communicate with each other. Your WiMAX Modem can add IEEE 802.1Q VLAN ID tags to voice frames that it sends to the network. This allows the WiMAX Modem to communicate with a SIP
Chapter 10The Service Configuration ScreensUser s Guide114server that is a member of the same VLAN group. Some ISPs use the VLAN tag to identify voice traffic and give it priority over other traffic.Click VOICE > Service Configuration > QoS to set up and maintain ToS and VLAN settings for the WiMAX Modem. QoS (Quality of Service) refers to both a network's ability to deliver data with minimum delay and the networking methods used to provide bandwidth for real-time multimedia applications.Figure 48 VOICE > Service Configuration > QoSThe following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 39 VOICE > Service Configuration > QoSLABEL DESCRIPTIONTDSSIP TOS Priority Setting Enter the priority for SIP voice transmissions. The WiMAX Modem creates Type of Service priority tags with this priority to voice traffic that it transmits.RTP TOS Priority Setting Enter the priority for RTP voice transmissions. The WiMAX Modem creates Type of Service priority tags with this priority to RTP traffic that it transmits.VLAN TaggingVoice VLAN IDSelect this if the WiMAX Modem has to be a member of a VLAN to communicate with the SIP server. Ask your network administrator, if you are not sure. Enter the VLAN ID provided by your network administrator in the field on the right. Your LAN and gateway must be configured to use VLAN tags.Otherwise, clear this field.Apply Click to save your changes.Reset Click to restore your previously saved settings.
Chapter 10The Service Configuration ScreensUser s Guide 11510.4 Technical ReferenceThe following section contains additional technical information about the WiMAX Modem features described in this chapter.10.4.1 SIP Call ProgressionThe following figure displays the basic steps in the setup and tear down of a SIP call. A calls B. 1A sends a SIP INVITE request to B. This message is an invitation for B to participate in a SIP telephone call. 2B sends a response indicating that the telephone is ringing.3B sends an OK response after the call is answered. 4A then sends an ACK message to acknowledge that B has answered the call. 5Now A and B exchange voice media (talk). 6After talking, A hangs up and sends a BYE request. 7B replies with an OK response confirming receipt of the BYE request and the call is terminated.Table 40 SIP Call ProgressionA B1. INVITE2. Ringing3. OK4. ACK 5.Dialogue (voice traffic)6. BYE7. OK
Chapter 10The Service Configuration ScreensUser s Guide11610.4.2 SIP Client ServerSIP is a client-server protocol. A SIP client is an application program or device that sends SIP requests. A SIP server responds to the SIP requests. When you use SIP to make a VoIP call, it originates at a client and terminates at a server. A SIP client could be a computer or a SIP phone. One device can act as both a SIP client and a SIP server. 10.4.3 SIP User Agent A SIP user agent can make and receive VoIP telephone calls. This means that SIP can be used for peer-to-peer communications even though it is a client-server protocol. In the following figure, either A or B can act as a SIP user agent client to initiate a call. A and B can also both act as a SIP user agent to receive the call.Figure 49 SIP User Agent10.4.4 SIP Proxy ServerA SIP proxy server receives requests from clients and forwards them to another server.In the following example, you want to use client device A to call someone who is using client device C. 1The client device (A in the figure) sends a call invitation to the SIP proxy server (B).AB
Chapter 10The Service Configuration ScreensUser s Guide 1172The SIP proxy server forwards the call invitation to C.Figure 50 SIP Proxy Server10.4.5 SIP Redirect ServerA SIP redirect server accepts SIP requests, translates the destination address to an IP address and sends the translated IP address back to the device that sent the request. Then the client device that originally sent the request can send requests to the IP address that it received back from the redirect server. Redirect servers do not initiate SIP requests. In the following example, you want to use client device A to call someone who is using client device C. 1Client device A sends a call invitation for C to the SIP redirect server (B).2The SIP redirect server sends the invitation back to A with C’s IP address (or domain name).ACB12
Chapter 10The Service Configuration ScreensUser s Guide1183Client device A then sends the call invitation to client device C.Figure 51 SIP Redirect Server10.4.6 NAT and SIPThe WiMAX Modem must register its public IP address with a SIP register server. If there is a NAT router between the WiMAX Modem and the SIP register server, the WiMAX Modem probably has a private IP address. The WiMAX Modem lists its IP address in the SIP message that it sends to the SIP register server. NAT does not translate this IP address in the SIP message. The SIP register server gets the WiMAX Modem’s IP address from inside the SIP message and maps it to your SIP identity. If the WiMAX Modem has a private IP address listed in the SIP message, the SIP server cannot map it to your SIP identity. See Chapter8 The NAT Configuration Screens for more information.Use a SIP ALG (Application Layer Gateway), Use NAT, STUN, or outbound proxy to allow the WiMAX Modem to list its public IP address in the SIP messages.10.4.7 DiffServDiffServ is a class of service (CoS) model that marks packets so that they receive specific per-hop treatment at DiffServ-compliant network devices along the route based on the application types and traffic flow. Packets are marked with DiffServ Code Points (DSCPs) indicating the level of service desired. This allows the intermediary DiffServ-compliant network devices to handle the packets differently depending on the code points without the need to negotiate paths or remember state information for every flow. In addition, applications do not have to request a particular service or give advanced notice of where the traffic is going.ACB132
Chapter 10The Service Configuration ScreensUser s Guide 11910.4.8 DSCP and Per-Hop Behavior DiffServ defines a new DS (Differentiated Services) field to replace the Type of Service (TOS) field in the IP header. The DS field contains a 2-bit unused field and a 6-bit DSCP field which can define up to 64 service levels. The following figure illustrates the DS field. Figure 52 DiffServ: Differentiated Service FieldDSCP is backward compatible with the three precedence bits in the ToS octet so that non-DiffServ compliant, ToS-enabled network device will not conflict with the DSCP mapping. The DSCP value determines the forwarding behavior, the PHB (Per-Hop Behavior), that each packet gets across the DiffServ network. Based on the marking rule, different kinds of traffic can be marked for different priorities of forwarding. Resources can then be allocated according to the DSCP values and the configured policies.DSCP(6-bit)Unused(2-bit)
Chapter 10The Service Configuration ScreensUser s Guide120
User s Guide 121CHAPTER 11 The Phone Screens11.1 OverviewUse the VOICE > Phone screens to configure the volume, echo cancellation, VAD settings and custom tones for the phone port on the WiMAX Modem. You can also select which SIP account to use for making outgoing calls.11.1.1 What You Can Do in This Chapter•The Analog Phone screen (Section 11.2 on page 122) lets you control which SIP accounts each phone uses.•The Common screen (Section 11.3 on page 124) lets you activate and deactivate immediate dialing.•The Region screen (Section 11.4 on page 125) lets you maintain settings that often depend on the region of the world in which the WiMAX Modem is located.11.1.2 What You Need to KnowThe following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter.Voice Activity Detection/Silence Suppression/Comfort NoiseVoice Activity Detection (VAD) detects whether or not speech is present. This lets the WiMAX Modem reduce the bandwidth that a call uses by not transmitting “silent packets” when you are not speaking.When using VAD, the WiMAX Modem generates comfort noise when the other party is not speaking. The comfort noise lets you know that the line is still connected as total silence could easily be mistaken for a lost connection.Echo Cancellation G.168 is an ITU-T standard for eliminating the echo caused by the sound of your voice reverberating in the telephone receiver while you talk.
Chapter 11The Phone ScreensUser s Guide122Supplementary Phone Services OverviewSupplementary services such as call hold, call waiting, call transfer, etc. are generally available from your VoIP service provider. The WiMAX Modem supports the following services:•Call Hold•Call Waiting•Making a Second Call•Call Transfer•Call Forwarding•Three-Way Conference•Internal Calls•Caller ID•CLIP (Calling Line Identification Presentation)•CLIR (Calling Line Identification Restriction)Note: To take full advantage of the supplementary phone services available though the WiMAX Modem's phone port, you may need to subscribe to the services from your VoIP service provider.11.2 Analog PhoneClick VOICE > Phone > Analog Phone to control which SIP accounts each phone uses.Figure 53 VOICE > Phone > Analog Phone
Chapter 11The Phone ScreensUser s Guide 123The following table describes the labels in this screen.11.2.1 Advanced Analog Phone SetupClick the Advanced button in VOICE > Phone > Analog Phone to edit advanced settings for each phone port.Figure 54 VOICE > Phone > Analog Phone > AdvancedTable 41 VOICE > Phone > Analog PhoneLABEL DESCRIPTIONPhone Port Settings Select the phone port you want to see in this screen. If you change this field, the screen automatically refreshes.Outgoing Call UseSIP1Select this if you want this phone port to use the SIP1 account when it makes calls. If you select both SIP accounts, the WiMAX Modem tries to use SIP2 first.Incoming Call apply toSIP1Select this if you want to receive phone calls for the SIP1 account on this phone port. If you select more than one source for incoming calls, there is no way to distinguish between them when you receive phone calls.Apply Click to save your changes.Reset Click to restore your previously saved settings.Advanced Setup Click this to edit the advanced settings for this phone port. The Advanced Analog Phone Setup screen appears.
Chapter 11The Phone ScreensUser s Guide124The following table describes the labels in this screen.11.3 CommonClick VOICE > Phone > Common to activate and deactivate immediate dialing.Figure 55 VOICE > Phone > CommonTable 42 VOICE > Phone > Analog Phone > AdvancedLABEL DESCRIPTIONVoice Volume ControlSpeaking Volume Enter the loudness that the WiMAX Modem uses for speech that it sends to the peer device. -14 is the quietest, and 14 is the loudest.ListeningVolume Enter the loudness that the WiMAX Modem uses for speech that it receives from the peer device. -14 is the quietest, and 14 is the loudest.Echo CancellationG.168 ActiveSelect this if you want to eliminate the echo caused by the sound of your voice reverberating in the telephone receiver while you talk.Dialing Interval SelectDialing Interval Select Enter the number of seconds the WiMAX Modem should wait after you stop dialing numbers before it makes the phone call. The value depends on how quickly you dial phone numbers.If you select Active Immediate Dial in VOICE > Phone > Common,you can press the pound key (#) to tell the WiMAX Modem to make the phone call immediately, regardless of this setting.VAD SupportSelect this if the WiMAX Modem should stop transmitting when you are not speaking. This reduces the bandwidth the WiMAX Modem uses.BackClick this to return to the Analog Phone screen without saving your changes.Apply Click to save your changes.Reset Click to restore your previously saved settings.
Chapter 11The Phone ScreensUser s Guide 125The following table describes the labels in this screen.11.4 RegionClick VOICE > Phone > Region to maintain settings that often depend on the region of the world in which the WiMAX Modem is located.Figure 56 VOICE > Phone > RegionThe following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 43 VOICE > Phone > CommonLABEL DESCRIPTIONActive Immediate Dial Select this if you want to use the pound key (#) to tell the WiMAX Modem to make the phone call immediately, instead of waiting the number of seconds you selected in the Dialing Interval Select in VOICE > Phone > Analog Phone.If you select this, dial the phone number, and then press the pound key if you do not want to wait. The WiMAX Modem makes the call immediately. Apply Click to save your changes.Reset Click to restore your previously saved settings.Table 44 VOICE > Phone > RegionLABEL DESCRIPTIONRegion Settings Select the place in which the WiMAX Modem is located. Do not select Default.Call Service Mode Select the mode for supplementary phone services (call hold, call waiting, call transfer and three-way conference calls) that your VoIP service provider supports.•Europe Type - use supplementary phone services in European mode•USA Type - use supplementary phone services American modeYou might have to subscribe to these services to use them. Contact your VoIP service provider.Apply Click to save your changes.Reset Click to restore your previously saved settings.
Chapter 11The Phone ScreensUser s Guide12611.5 Technical ReferenceThe following section contains additional technical information about the WiMAX Modem features described in this chapter.11.5.1 The Flash KeyFlashing means to press the hook for a short period of time (a few hundred milliseconds) before releasing it. On newer telephones, there should be a "flash" key (button) that generates the signal electronically. If the flash key is not available, you can tap (press and immediately release) the hook by hand to achieve the same effect. However, using the flash key is preferred since the timing is much more precise. The WiMAX Modem may interpret manual tapping as hanging up if the duration is too longYou can invoke all the supplementary services by using the flash key. 11.5.2 Europe Type Supplementary Phone ServicesThis section describes how to use supplementary phone services with the Europe TypeCall Service Mode. Commands for supplementary services are listed in the table below.After pressing the flash key, if you do not issue the sub-command before the default sub-command timeout (2 seconds) expires or issue an invalid sub-command, the current operation will be aborted.European Call Hold allows you to put a call (A) on hold by pressing the flash key. Table 45 European Type Flash Key CommandsCOMMAND SUB-COMMAND DESCRIPTIONFlash Put a current call on hold to place a second call.Switch back to the call (if there is no second call).Flash0Drop the call presently on hold or reject an incoming call which is waiting for answer.Flash1Disconnect the current phone connection and answer the incoming call or resume with caller presently on hold.Flash21. Switch back and forth between two calls.2. Put a current call on hold to answer an incoming call.3. Separate the current three-way conference call into two individual calls (one is on-line, the other is on hold).Flash3Create three-way conference connection.Flash *98#Transfer the call to another phone.
Chapter 11The Phone ScreensUser s Guide 127If you have another call, press the flash key and then “2” to switch back and forth between caller A and B by putting either one on hold.Press the flash key and then “0” to disconnect the call presently on hold and keep the current call on line.Press the flash key and then “1” to disconnect the current call and resume the call on hold.If you hang up the phone but a caller is still on hold, there will be a remind ring.European Call Waiting allows you to place a call on hold while you answer another incoming call on the same telephone (directory) number. If there is a second call to a telephone number, you will hear a call waiting tone. Take one of the following actions.•Reject the second call.Press the flash key and then press “0”.•Disconnect the first call and answer the second call.Either press the flash key and press “1”, or just hang up the phone and then answer the phone after it rings.•Put the first call on hold and answer the second call.Press the flash key and then “2”.European Call Transfer allows you to transfer an incoming call (that you have answered) to another phone. To do so:1Press the flash key to put the caller on hold.2When you hear the dial tone, dial “*98#” followed by the number to which you want to transfer the call. to operate the Intercom.3After you hear the ring signal or the second party answers it, hang up the phone.European Three-Way Conference allows you to make three-way conference calls. To do so:1When you are on the phone talking to someone, place the flash key to put the caller on hold and get a dial tone. 2Dial a phone number directly to make another call.3When the second call is answered, press the flash key and press “3” to create a three-way conversation.
Chapter 11The Phone ScreensUser s Guide1284Hang up the phone to drop the connection.5If you want to separate the activated three-way conference into two individual connections (one is on-line, the other is on hold), press the flash key and press “2”.11.5.3 USA Type Supplementary ServicesThis section describes how to use supplementary phone services with the USA TypeCall Service Mode. Commands for supplementary services are listed in the table below.After pressing the flash key, if you do not issue the sub-command before the default sub-command timeout (2 seconds) expires or issue an invalid sub-command, the current operation will be aborted.USA Call Hold allows you to put a call (A) on hold by pressing the flash key. If you have another call, press the flash key to switch back and forth between caller A and B by putting either one on hold.If you hang up the phone but a caller is still on hold, there will be a remind ring.USA Call Waiting allows you to place a call on hold while you answer another incoming call on the same telephone (directory) number. If there is a second call to your telephone number, you will hear a call waiting tone. Press the flash key to put the first call on hold and answer the second call.USA Call Transfer allows you to transfer an incoming call (that you have answered) to another phone. To do so:1Press the flash key to put the caller on hold.2When you hear the dial tone, dial “*98#” followed by the number to which you want to transfer the call. to operate the Intercom.Table 46 USA Type Flash Key CommandsCOMMAND SUB-COMMAND DESCRIPTIONFlash Put a current call on hold to place a second call. After the second call is successful, press the flash key again to have a three-way conference call.Put a current call on hold to answer an incoming call.Flash *98#Transfer the call to another phone.
Chapter 11The Phone ScreensUser s Guide 1293After you hear the ring signal or the second party answers it, hang up the phone.USA Three-Way Conference allows you to make three-way conference calls. To do so:1When you are making a call, press the flash key to put the call on hold and get a dial tone. 2Dial a phone number to make a second call. 3When the second call is answered, press the flash key to create a three-way conversation. 4If you want to separate the three-way conference into two individual calls (one call is online, the other is on hold), press the flash key. The first call is online and the second call is on hold. Pressing the flash key again will recreate the three-way conversation. The next time you press the flash key, the second call is online and the first call is on hold. 5Hang up the phone to drop the connection.
Chapter 11The Phone ScreensUser s Guide130
User s Guide 131CHAPTER 12The Phone Book Screens12.1 OverviewThe VOICE > Phone Book screens allow you to configure the WiMAX Modem’s phone book for making VoIP calls.12.1.1 What You Can Do in This Chapter•The Incoming Call Policy screen (Section 12.2 on page 132) lets you maintain rules for handling incoming calls. You can block, redirect, or accept them.•The Speed Dial screen (Section 12.3 on page 134) lets you add, edit, or remove speed-dial entries.12.1.2 What You Need to KnowThe following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter.Speed Dial and Peer-to-Peer CallingSpeed dial provides shortcuts for dialing frequently used (VoIP) phone numbers. It is also required if you want to make peer-to-peer calls. In peer-to-peer calls, you call another VoIP device directly without going through a SIP server. In the WiMAX Modem, you must set up a speed dial entry in the phone book in order to do this. Select Non-Proxy (Use IP or URL) in the Type column and enter the callee’s IP address or domain name. The WiMAX Modem sends SIP INVITE requests to the peer VoIP device when you use the speed dial entry.You do not need to configure a SIP account in order to make a peer-to-peer VoIP call.
Chapter 12The Phone Book ScreensUser s Guide13212.2 Incoming Call PolicyClick VOICE > Phone Book > Incoming Call Policy to maintain rules for handling incoming calls. You can block, redirect, or accept them.Figure 57 VOICE > Phone Book > Incoming Call PolicyThe following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 47 VOICE > Phone Book > Incoming Call PolicyLABEL DESCRIPTIONTable Number Select the call-forwarding table you want to see in this screen. If you change this field, the screen automatically refreshes.Forward to Number SetupUnconditionalForward to NumberSelect this if you want the WiMAX Modem to forward all incoming calls to the specified phone number, regardless of other rules in the Forward to Number section. Specify the phone number in the field on the right.Busy Forward to Number Select this if you want the WiMAX Modem to forward incoming calls to the specified phone number if the phone port is busy. Specify the phone number in the field on the right. If you have call waiting, the incoming call is forwarded to the specified phone number if you reject or ignore the second incoming call.
Chapter 12The Phone Book ScreensUser s Guide 133Note: The WiMAX Modem checks the Advanced rules first before checking the Forward to Number rules. All rules are checked in order from top to bottom.No Answer Forward to NumberSelect this if you want the WiMAX Modem to forward incoming calls to the specified phone number if the call is unanswered. (See No Answer Waiting Time.) Specify the phone number in the field on the right.No Answer Waiting Time This field is used by the No Answer Forward to Number feature and No Answer conditions below.Enter the number of seconds the WiMAX Modem should wait for you to answer an incoming call before it considers the call is unanswered.Advanced Setup#The number of the item in this list.ActivateSelect this to enable this rule. Clear this to disable this rule.Incoming Call Number Enter the phone number to which this rule applies.Forward to Number Enter the phone number to which you want to forward incoming calls from the Incoming Call Number. You may leave this field blank, depending on the Condition.ConditionSelect the situations in which you want to forward incoming calls from the Incoming Call Number, or select an alternative action.•Unconditional - The WiMAX Modem immediately forwards any calls from the Incoming Call Number to the Forward to Number.•Busy - The WiMAX Modem forwards any calls from the Incoming Call Number to the Forward to Number when your SIP account already has a call connected.•No Answer - The WiMAX Modem forwards any calls from the Incoming Call Number to the Forward to Number when the call is unanswered. (See No Answer Waiting Time.)•Block - The WiMAX Modem rejects calls from the Incoming Call Number.•Accept - The WiMAX Modem allows calls from the Incoming Call Number. You might create a rule with this condition if you do not want incoming calls from someone to be forwarded by rules in the Forward to Number section.Apply Click to save your changes.Reset Click to restore your previously saved settings.Table 47 VOICE > Phone Book > Incoming Call PolicyLABEL DESCRIPTION
Chapter 12The Phone Book ScreensUser s Guide13412.3 Speed DialClick VOICE > Phone Book > Speed Dial to add, edit, or remove speed-dial entries.You must create speed-dial entries if you want to make peer-to-peer calls or call SIP numbers that use letters. You can also create speed-dial entries for frequently-used SIP phone numbers.Figure 58 VOICE > Phone Book > Speed DialThe following table describes the icons in this screen.The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 48 Advanced> LAN Configuration > IP Static RouteICON DESCRIPTIONDeleteClick to delete this item.Table 49 VOICE > Phone Book > Speed DialLABEL DESCRIPTIONSpeed Dial Select the speed-dial number you want to use for this phone number.NumberEnter the SIP number you want the WiMAX Modem to call when you dial the speed-dial number.
Chapter 12The Phone Book ScreensUser s Guide 135NameEnter a name to identify the party you call when you dial the speed-dial number. You can use up to 127 printable ASCII characters.TypeSelect Use Proxy if you want to use one of your SIP accounts to call this phone number.Select Non-Proxy (Use IP or URL) if you want to use a different SIP server or if you want to make a peer-to-peer call. In this case, enter the IP address or domain name of the SIP server or the other party in the field below.AddClick to add the new number to the list below.#This is a list of speed dial numbers.NumberThis is the SIP number the WiMAX Modem calls when you use this speed dial number.NameThis is the name of the party associated with this speed-dial number.TypeThis indicates whether this speed dial number uses a proxy or not when placing a call to the phone number associated with it.DestinationThis indicates if the speed-dial entry uses one of your SIP accounts or uses the IP address or domain name of the SIP server.ActionClick the Delete icon to erase this speed-dial entry.Apply Click to save your changes.Clear All Click to clear all fields on the screen and begin anew.Table 49 VOICE > Phone Book > Speed DialLABEL DESCRIPTION
Chapter 12The Phone Book ScreensUser s Guide136
User s Guide 137CHAPTER 13The Certificates Screens13.1 OverviewUse the TOOLS > Certificates screens to manage public key certificates on the WiMAX Modem.The WiMAX Modem can use public key certificates (also sometimes called “digital IDs”) to authenticate users. Certificates are based on public-private key pairs. A certificate contains the certificate owner’s identity and public key. Certificates provide a way to exchange public keys for use in authentication.Public key certificates are used by web browsers to ensure that a secure web site is legitimate. When a certificate authority such as VeriSign, Comodo, or Network Solutions (to name a few) receives a certificate request from a website operator, they confirm that the web domain and contact information in the request match those on public record with a domain name registrar. If they match, then the certificate is issued to the website operator, who then places it on his site to be issued to all visiting web browsers to let them know that the site is legitimate.13.1.1 What You Can Do in This Chapter•The My Certificates screen (Section 13.2 on page 138) lets you generate and export self-signed certificates or certification requests and import the WiMAX Modem’s CA-signed certificates.•The Trusted CAs screen (Section 13.3 on page 147) lets you display a summary list of certificates of the certification authorities that you have set the WiMAX Modem to accept as trusted.13.1.2 What You Need to KnowThe following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter.Certificate AuthoritiesA Certification Authority (CA) issues certificates and guarantees the identity of each certificate owner. There are commercial certification authorities like CyberTrust or VeriSign and government certification authorities. You can use the
Chapter 13The Certificates ScreensUser s Guide138WiMAX Modem to generate certification requests that contain identifying information and public keys and then send the certification requests to a certification authority. 13.2 My CertificatesClick TOOLS > Certificates > My Certificates to access this screen. Use this screen to generate and export self-signed certificates or certification requests and import the WiMAX Modem’s CA-signed certificates.Figure 59 TOOLS > Certificates > My Certificates The following table describes the icons in this screen.The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 50 TOOLS > Certificates > My CertificatesICON DESCRIPTIONEditClick to edit this item.ImportClick to import an item.DeleteClick to delete this item.Table 51 TOOLS > Certificates > My CertificatesLABEL DESCRIPTIONPKI Storage Space in Use This bar displays the percentage of the WiMAX Modem’s PKI storage space that is currently in use. When the storage space is almost full, you should consider deleting expired or unnecessary certificates before adding more certificates.#The number of the item in this list.NameThis field displays the name used to identify this certificate. It is recommended that you give each certificate a unique name.
Chapter 13The Certificates ScreensUser s Guide 139TypeThis field displays what kind of certificate this is. REQ represents a certification request and is not yet a valid certificate. Send a certification request to a certification authority, which then issues a certificate. Use the My Certificate Import screen to import the certificate and replace the request.SELF represents a self-signed certificate. *SELF represents the default self-signed certificate which signs the imported remote host certificates.CERT represents a certificate issued by a certification authority.SubjectThis field displays identifying information about the certificate’s owner, such as CN (Common Name), OU (Organizational Unit or department), O (Organization or company) and C (Country). It is recommended that each certificate have unique subject information. IssuerThis field displays identifying information about the certificate’s issuing certification authority, such as a common name, organizational unit or department, organization or company and country. With self-signed certificates, this is the same information as in the Subject field.Valid FromThis field displays the date that the certificate becomes applicable. Valid ToThis field displays the date that the certificate expires. The text displays in red and includes an Expired! message if the certificate has expired.ActionClick the Edit icon to open a screen with an in-depth list of information about the certificate.Click the Export icon to save a copy of the certificate without its private key. Browse to the location you want to use and click Save.Click the Delete icon to remove a certificate. A window displays asking you to confirm that you want to delete the certificate. Subsequent certificates move up by one when you take this action.The WiMAX Modem keeps all of your certificates unless you specifically delete them. Uploading new firmware or default configuration file does not delete your certificates.You cannot delete certificates that any of the WiMAX Modem’s features are configured to use.ImportClick to a certificate into the WiMAX Modem.CreateClick to go to the screen where you can have the WiMAX Modem generate a certificate or a certification request.RefreshClick to display the current validity status of the certificates.Table 51 TOOLS > Certificates > My Certificates (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTION
Chapter 13The Certificates ScreensUser s Guide14013.2.1 My Certificates Create Click TOOLS > Certificates > My Certificates and then the Create icon to open the My Certificates Create screen. Use this screen to have the WiMAX Modem create a self-signed certificate, enroll a certificate with a certification authority or generate a certification request.Figure 60 TOOLS > Certificates > My Certificates > CreateThe following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 52 TOOLS > Certificates > My Certificates > CreateLABEL DESCRIPTIONCertificate NameType a name to identify this certificate. You can use up to 31 alphanumeric and ;‘~!@#$%^&()_+[]{}’,.=- characters.Subject Information Use these fields to record information that identifies the owner of the certificate. You do not have to fill in every field, although the Common Name is mandatory. The certification authority may add fields (such as a serial number) to the subject information when it issues a certificate. It is recommended that each certificate have unique subject information.
Chapter 13The Certificates ScreensUser s Guide 141Common Name Select a radio button to identify the certificate’s owner by IP address, domain name or e-mail address. Type the IP address (in dotted decimal notation), domain name or e-mail address in the field provided. The domain name or e-mail address is for identification purposes only and can be any string.A domain name can be up to 255 characters. You can use alphanumeric characters, the hyphen and periods.An e-mail address can be up to 63 characters. You can use alphanumeric characters, the hyphen, the @ symbol, periods and the underscore.Organizational UnitIdentify the organizational unit or department to which the certificate owner belongs. You can use up to 63 characters. You can use alphanumeric characters, the hyphen and the underscore.OrganizationIdentify the company or group to which the certificate owner belongs. You can use up to 63 characters. You can use alphanumeric characters, the hyphen and the underscore.CountryIdentify the state in which the certificate owner is located. You can use up to 31 characters. You can use alphanumeric characters, the hyphen and the underscore.Key LengthSelect a number from the drop-down list box to determine how many bits the key should use (512 to 2048). The longer the key, the more secure it is. A longer key also uses more PKI storage space.Enrollment OptionsThese radio buttons deal with how and when the certificate is to be generated.Create a self-signed certificate Select Create a self-signed certificate to have the WiMAX Modem generate the certificate and act as the Certification Authority (CA) itself. This way you do not need to apply to a certification authority for certificates.Create a certificationrequest and save it locally for later manual enrollmentSelect Create a certification request and save it locally for later manual enrollment to have the WiMAX Modem generate and store a request for a certificate. Use the My Certificate Detailsscreen to view the certification request and copy it to send to the certification authority.Copy the certification request from the My Certificate Detailsscreen and then send it to the certification authority.Create a certificationrequest and enroll for a certificate immediately onlineSelect Create a certification request and enroll for a certificate immediately online to have the WiMAX Modem generate a request for a certificate and apply to a certification authority for a certificate. You must have the certification authority’s certificate already imported in the Trusted CAs screen.When you select this option, you must select the certification authority’s enrollment protocol and the certification authority’s certificate from the drop-down list boxes and enter the certification authority’s server address. You also need to fill in the Reference Number and Key if the certification authority requires them. Table 52 TOOLS > Certificates > My Certificates > CreateLABEL DESCRIPTION
Chapter 13The Certificates ScreensUser s Guide142If you configured the My Certificate Create screen to have the WiMAX Modem enroll a certificate and the certificate enrollment is not successful, you see a screen with a Return button that takes you back to the My Certificate Createscreen. Click Return and check your information in the My Certificate Createscreen. Make sure that the certification authority information is correct and that your Internet connection is working properly if you want the WiMAX Modem to enroll a certificate online.EnrollmentProtocol This field applies when you select Create a certification request and enroll for a certificate immediately online. Select the certification authority’s enrollment protocol from the drop-down list box.Simple Certificate Enrollment Protocol (SCEP) is a TCP-based enrollment protocol that was developed by VeriSign and Cisco.Certificate Management Protocol (CMP) is a TCP-based enrollment protocol that was developed by the Public Key Infrastructure X.509 working group of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and is specified in RFC 2510.CA Server Address This field applies when you select Create a certification request and enroll for a certificate immediately online. Enter the IP address (or URL) of the certification authority server.For a URL, you can use up to 511 of the following characters. a-zA-Z0-9'()+,/:.=?;!*#@$_%-CA CertificateThis field applies when you select Create a certification request and enroll for a certificate immediately online. Select the certification authority’s certificate from the CA Certificate drop-down list box.You must have the certification authority’s certificate already imported in the Trusted CAs screen. Click Trusted CAs to go to the Trusted CAs screen where you can view (and manage) the WiMAX Modem's list of certificates of trusted certification authorities.Request Authentication When you select Create a certification request and enroll for a certificate immediately online, the certification authority may want you to include a reference number and key to identify you when you send a certification request. Fill in both the Reference Number and the Key fields if your certification authority uses CMP enrollment protocol. Just the Keyfield displays if your certification authority uses the SCEP enrollment protocol. For the reference number, use 0 to 99999999.For the key, use up to 31 of the following characters. a-zA-Z0-9;|`~!@#$%^&*()_+\{}':,./<>=-Apply Click to save your changes.Cancel Click to return to the previous screen without saving your changes.Table 52 TOOLS > Certificates > My Certificates > CreateLABEL DESCRIPTION
Chapter 13The Certificates ScreensUser s Guide 14313.2.2 My Certificate EditClick TOOLS > Certificates > My Certificates then the Edit icon to access this screen. Use this screento view in-depth certificate information and change the certificate’s name. Figure 61 TOOLS > Certificates > My Certificates > Edit The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 53 TOOLS > Certificates > My Certificates > EditLABEL DESCRIPTIONNameThis field displays the identifying name of this certificate. You can use up to 31 alphanumeric and ;‘~!@#$%^&()_+[]{}’,.=- characters.PropertySelect Default self-signed certificate which signs the imported remote host certificates to use this certificate to sign the remote host certificates you upload in the TOOLS > Certificates >TrustedCAs screen.
Chapter 13The Certificates ScreensUser s Guide144Certification PathThis field displays for a certificate, not a certification request.Click the Refresh button to have this read-only text box display the hierarchy of certification authorities that validate the certificate (and the certificate itself).If the issuing certification authority is one that you have imported as a trusted certification authority, it may be the only certification authority in the list (along with the certificate itself). If the certificate is a self-signed certificate, the certificate itself is the only one in the list. The WiMAX Modem does not trust the certificate and displays “Not trusted” in this field if any certificate on the path has expired or been revoked.RefreshClick to display the certification path.Certification InformationTypeThis field displays general information about the certificate. CA-signed means that a Certification Authority signed the certificate. Self-signed means that the certificate’s owner signed the certificate (not a certification authority). “X.509” means that this certificate was created and signed according to the ITU-T X.509 recommendation that defines the formats for public-key certificates.VersionThis field displays the X.509 version number. “Serial NumberThis field displays the certificate’s identification number given by the certification authority or generated by the WiMAX Modem.SubjectThis field displays information that identifies the owner of the certificate, such as Common Name (CN), Organizational Unit (OU), Organization (O) and Country (C).IssuerThis field displays identifying information about the certificate’s issuing certification authority, such as Common Name, Organizational Unit, Organization and Country. With self-signed certificates, this is the same as the Subject Namefield.“none” displays for a certification request. SignatureAlgorithm This field displays the type of algorithm that was used to sign the certificate. The WiMAX Modem uses rsa-pkcs1-sha1 (RSA public-private key encryption algorithm and the SHA1 hash algorithm). Some certification authorities may use rsa-pkcs1-md5 (RSA public-private key encryption algorithm and the MD5 hash algorithm).Valid FromThis field displays the date that the certificate becomes applicable. “none” displays for a certification request. Valid ToThis field displays the date that the certificate expires. The text displays in red and includes an Expired! message if the certificate has expired. “none” displays for a certification request. Key AlgorithmThis field displays the type of algorithm that was used to generate the certificate’s key pair (the WiMAX Modem uses RSA encryption) and the length of the key set in bits (1024 bits for example).Subject Alternative Name This field displays the certificate owner‘s IP address (IP), domain name (DNS) or e-mail address (EMAIL). Table 53 TOOLS > Certificates > My Certificates > EditLABEL DESCRIPTION
Chapter 13The Certificates ScreensUser s Guide 145Key UsageThis field displays for what functions the certificate’s key can be used. For example, “DigitalSignature” means that the key can be used to sign certificates and “KeyEncipherment” means that the key can be used to encrypt text.Basic ConstraintThis field displays general information about the certificate. For example, Subject Type=CA means that this is a certification authority’s certificate and “Path Length Constraint=1” means that there can only be one certification authority in the certificate’s path. This field does not display for a certification request. MD5 FingerprintThis is the certificate’s message digest that the WiMAX Modem calculated using the MD5 algorithm. SHA1 FingerprintThis is the certificate’s message digest that the WiMAX Modem calculated using the SHA1 algorithm. Certificate in PEM (Base-64) Encoded FormatThis read-only text box displays the certificate or certification request in Privacy Enhanced Mail (PEM) format. PEM uses lowercase letters, uppercase letters and numerals to convert the binary certificate into a printable form. You can copy and paste a certification request into a certification authority’s web page, an e-mail that you send to the certification authority or a text editor and save the file on a management computer for later manual enrollment.You can copy and paste a certificate into an e-mail to send to friends or colleagues or you can copy and paste a certificate into a text editor and save the file on a management computer for later distribution (via floppy disk for example).Apply Click to save your changes.Cancel Click to return to the previous screen without saving your changes.Table 53 TOOLS > Certificates > My Certificates > EditLABEL DESCRIPTION
Chapter 13The Certificates ScreensUser s Guide14613.2.3 My Certificate ImportClick TOOLS > Certificates > My Certificates > Import to access this screen. Use this screen to import a certificate that matches a corresponding certification request that was generated by the WiMAX Modem. You must remove any spaces from the certificate’s filename before you can import it.Figure 62 TOOLS > Certificates > My Certificates > ImportThe following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 54 TOOLS > Certificates > My Certificates > ImportLABEL DESCRIPTIONFile Path Type in the location of the file you want to upload in this field or click Browseto find it.You cannot import a certificate with the same name as a certificate that is already in the WiMAX Modem.Browse Click to find the certificate file you want to upload. Apply Click to save your changes.Cancel Click to return to the previous screen without saving your changes.
Chapter 13The Certificates ScreensUser s Guide 14713.3 Trusted CAsClick TOOLS > Certificates >Trusted CAs access this screen. Use this screen to display a summary list of certificates of the certification authorities that you have set the WiMAX Modem to accept as trusted. The WiMAX Modem accepts any valid certificate signed by a certification authority on this list as being trustworthy; thus you do not need to import any certificate that is signed by one of these certification authorities. Figure 63 TOOLS > Certificates > Trusted CAsThe following table describes the icons in this screen.The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 55 TOOLS > Certificates > Trusted CAsICON DESCRIPTIONEditClick to edit this item.ExportClick to export an item.DeleteClick to delete this item.Table 56 TOOLS > Certificates > Trusted CAsLABEL DESCRIPTIONPKI Storage Space in Use This bar displays the percentage of the WiMAX Modem’s PKI storage space that is currently in use. When the storage space is almost full, you should consider deleting expired or unnecessary certificates before adding more certificates.#The number of the item in this list.NameThis field displays the name used to identify this certificate. SubjectThis field displays identifying information about the certificate’s owner, such as CN (Common Name), OU (Organizational Unit or department), O (Organization or company) and C (Country). It is recommended that each certificate have unique subject information.
Chapter 13The Certificates ScreensUser s Guide148IssuerThis field displays identifying information about the certificate’s issuing certification authority, such as a common name, organizational unit or department, organization or company and country. With self-signed certificates, this is the same information as in the Subject field.Valid FromThis field displays the date that the certificate becomes applicable. The text displays in red and includes a Not Yet Valid! message if the certificate has not yet become applicable.Valid ToThis field displays the date that the certificate expires. The text displays in red and includes an Expiring! or Expired! message if the certificate is about to expire or has already expired.CRL IssuerThis field displays Yes if the certification authority issues CRL (Certificate Revocation Lists) for the certificates that it has issued and you have selected the Check incoming certificates issued by this CA against a CRL check box in the certificate’s details screen to have the WiMAX Modem check the CRL before trusting any certificates issued by the certification authority. Otherwise the field displays No.ActionClick the Edit icon to open a screen with an in-depth list of information about the certificate.Use the Export icon to save the certificate to a computer. Click the icon and then Save in the File Download screen. The Save As screen opens, browse to the location that you want to use and click Save.Click the Delete icon to remove the certificate. A window displays asking you to confirm that you want to delete the certificate. Note that subsequent certificates move up by one when you take this action.ImportClick Import to open a screen where you can save the certificate of a certification authority that you trust, from your computer to the WiMAX Modem.RefreshClick this button to display the current validity status of the certificates.Table 56 TOOLS > Certificates > Trusted CAs (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTION
Chapter 13The Certificates ScreensUser s Guide 14913.3.1 Trusted CA Edit Click TOOLS > Certificates >Trusted CAs and then click the Edit icon to open the Trusted CAs screen. Use this screen to view in-depth certificate information and change the certificate’s name.Figure 64 TOOLS > Certificates > Trusted CAs > Edit The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 57 TOOLS > Certificates > Trusted CAs > EditLABEL DESCRIPTIONNameThis field displays the identifying name of this certificate. You can use up to 31 alphanumeric and ;‘~!@#$%^&()_+[]{}’,.=- characters.PropertySelect Default self-signed certificate which signs the imported remote host certificates to use this certificate to sign the remote host certificates you upload in the TOOLS > Certificates >TrustedCAs screen.
Chapter 13The Certificates ScreensUser s Guide150Certification PathThis field displays for a certificate, not a certification request.Click the Refresh button to have this read-only text box display the hierarchy of certification authorities that validate the certificate (and the certificate itself).If the issuing certification authority is one that you have imported as a trusted certification authority, it may be the only certification authority in the list (along with the certificate itself). If the certificate is a self-signed certificate, the certificate itself is the only one in the list. The WiMAX Modem does not trust the certificate and displays “Not trusted” in this field if any certificate on the path has expired or been revoked.RefreshClick Refresh to display the certification path.Certification InformationTypeThis field displays general information about the certificate. CA-signed means that a Certification Authority signed the certificate. Self-signed means that the certificate’s owner signed the certificate (not a certification authority). “X.509” means that this certificate was created and signed according to the ITU-T X.509 recommendation that defines the formats for public-key certificates.VersionThis field displays the X.509 version number. “Serial NumberThis field displays the certificate’s identification number given by the certification authority or generated by the WiMAX Modem.SubjectThis field displays information that identifies the owner of the certificate, such as Common Name (CN), Organizational Unit (OU), Organization (O) and Country (C).IssuerThis field displays identifying information about the certificate’s issuing certification authority, such as Common Name, Organizational Unit, Organization and Country. With self-signed certificates, this is the same as the Subject Namefield.“none” displays for a certification request. SignatureAlgorithm This field displays the type of algorithm that was used to sign the certificate. The WiMAX Modem uses rsa-pkcs1-sha1 (RSA public-private key encryption algorithm and the SHA1 hash algorithm). Some certification authorities may use rsa-pkcs1-md5 (RSA public-private key encryption algorithm and the MD5 hash algorithm).Valid FromThis field displays the date that the certificate becomes applicable. “none” displays for a certification request. Valid ToThis field displays the date that the certificate expires. The text displays in red and includes an Expired! message if the certificate has expired. “none” displays for a certification request. Key AlgorithmThis field displays the type of algorithm that was used to generate the certificate’s key pair (the WiMAX Modem uses RSA encryption) and the length of the key set in bits (1024 bits for example).Subject Alternative Name This field displays the certificate owner‘s IP address (IP), domain name (DNS) or e-mail address (EMAIL). Table 57 TOOLS > Certificates > Trusted CAs > Edit (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTION
Chapter 13The Certificates ScreensUser s Guide 151Key UsageThis field displays for what functions the certificate’s key can be used. For example, “DigitalSignature” means that the key can be used to sign certificates and “KeyEncipherment” means that the key can be used to encrypt text.Basic ConstraintThis field displays general information about the certificate. For example, Subject Type=CA means that this is a certification authority’s certificate and “Path Length Constraint=1” means that there can only be one certification authority in the certificate’s path. This field does not display for a certification request. MD5 FingerprintThis is the certificate’s message digest that the WiMAX Modem calculated using the MD5 algorithm. SHA1 FingerprintThis is the certificate’s message digest that the WiMAX Modem calculated using the SHA1 algorithm. Certificate in PEM (Base-64) Encoded FormatThis read-only text box displays the certificate or certification request in Privacy Enhanced Mail (PEM) format. PEM uses lowercase letters, uppercase letters and numerals to convert the binary certificate into a printable form. You can copy and paste a certification request into a certification authority’s web page, an e-mail that you send to the certification authority or a text editor and save the file on a management computer for later manual enrollment.You can copy and paste a certificate into an e-mail to send to friends or colleagues or you can copy and paste a certificate into a text editor and save the file on a management computer for later distribution (via floppy disk for example).Apply Click to save your changes.Cancel Click to return to the previous screen without saving your changes.Table 57 TOOLS > Certificates > Trusted CAs > Edit (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTION
Chapter 13The Certificates ScreensUser s Guide15213.3.2 Trusted CA Import Click TOOLS > Certificates >Trusted CAs and then click Import to open the Trusted CA Import screen. Follow the instructions in this screen to save a trusted certification authority’s certificate from a computer to the WiMAX Modem. The WiMAX Modem trusts any valid certificate signed by any of the imported trusted CA certificates.Note: You must remove any spaces from the certificate s filename before you can import the certificate.Figure 65 TOOLS > Certificates > Trusted CAs > ImportThe following table describes the labels in this screen.13.4 Technical ReferenceThe following section contains additional technical information about the WiMAX Modem features described in this chapter.Table 58 TOOLS > Certificates > Trusted CAs ImportLABEL DESCRIPTIONFile Path Type in the location of the file you want to upload in this field or click Browseto find it.Choose... Click to find the certificate file you want to upload. Apply Click to save your changes.Cancel Click to return to the previous screen without saving your changes.
Chapter 13The Certificates ScreensUser s Guide 15313.4.1 Certificate AuthoritiesWhen using public-key cryptology for authentication, each host has two keys. One key is public and can be made openly available. The other key is private and must be kept secure. These keys work like a handwritten signature (in fact, certificates are often referred to as “digital signatures”). Only you can write your signature exactly as it ought to look. When people know what your signature ought to look like, they can verify whether something was signed by you, or by someone else. In the same way, your private key “writes” your digital signature and your public key allows people to verify whether data was signed by you, or by someone else. This process works as follows.1Tim wants to send a message to Jenny. He needs her to be sure that it comes from him, and that the message content has not been altered by anyone else along the way. Tim generates a public key pair (one public key and one private key). 2Tim keeps the private key and makes the public key openly available. This means that anyone who receives a message seeming to come from Tim can read it and verify whether it is really from him or not. 3Tim uses his private key to sign the message and sends it to Jenny.4Jenny receives the message and uses Tim’s public key to verify it. Jenny knows that the message is from Tim, and she knows that although other people may have been able to read the message, no-one can have altered it (because they cannot re-sign the message with Tim’s private key).5Additionally, Jenny uses her own private key to sign a message and Tim uses Jenny’s public key to verify the message.The WiMAX Modem uses certificates based on public-key cryptology to authenticate users attempting to establish a connection, not to encrypt the data that you send after establishing a connection. The method used to secure the data that you send through an established connection depends on the type of connection. For example, a VPN tunnel might use the triple DES encryption algorithm.The certification authority uses its private key to sign certificates. Anyone can then use the certification authority’s public key to verify the certificates.A certification path is the hierarchy of certification authority certificates that validate a certificate. The WiMAX Modem does not trust a certificate if any certificate on its path has expired or been revoked.
Chapter 13The Certificates ScreensUser s Guide154Certification authorities maintain directory servers with databases of valid and revoked certificates. A directory of certificates that have been revoked before the scheduled expiration is called a CRL (Certificate Revocation List). The WiMAX Modem can check a peer’s certificate against a directory server’s list of revoked certificates. The framework of servers, software, procedures and policies that handles keys is called PKI (public-key infrastructure).13.4.1.1 Advantages of CertificatesCertificates offer the following benefits.•The WiMAX Modem only has to store the certificates of the certification authorities that you decide to trust, no matter how many devices you need to authenticate. •Key distribution is simple and very secure since you can freely distribute public keys and you never need to transmit private keys.13.4.1.2 Self-signed CertificatesYou can have the WiMAX Modem act as a certification authority and sign its own certificates.13.4.1.3 Factory Default CertificateThe WiMAX Modem generates its own unique self-signed certificate when you first turn it on. This certificate is referred to in the GUI as the factory default certificate. 13.4.1.4 Certificate File FormatsAny certificate that you want to import has to be in one of these file formats:•Binary X.509: This is an ITU-T recommendation that defines the formats for X.509 certificates.•PEM (Base-64) encoded X.509: This Privacy Enhanced Mail format uses lowercase letters, uppercase letters and numerals to convert a binary X.509 certificate into a printable form.•Binary PKCS#7: This is a standard that defines the general syntax for data (including digital signatures) that may be encrypted. A PKCS #7 file is used to transfer a public key certificate. The private key is not included. The WiMAX Modem currently allows the importation of a PKS#7 file that contains a single certificate. •PEM (Base-64) encoded PKCS#7: This Privacy Enhanced Mail (PEM) format uses lowercase letters, uppercase letters and numerals to convert a binary PKCS#7 certificate into a printable form.Note: Be careful to not convert a binary file to text during the transfer process. It is easy for this to occur since many programs use text files by default.
Chapter 13The Certificates ScreensUser s Guide 15513.4.2 Verifying a CertificateBefore you import a certificate into the WiMAX Modem, you should verify that you have the correct certificate. This is especially true of trusted certificates since the WiMAX Modem also trusts any valid certificate signed by any of the imported trusted certificates.13.4.2.1 Checking the Fingerprint of a Certificate on Your ComputerA certificate’s fingerprints are message digests calculated using the MD5 or SHA1 algorithms. The following procedure describes how to check a certificate’s fingerprint to verify that you have the actual certificate. 1Browse to where you have the certificate saved on your computer. 2Make sure that the certificate has a “.cer” or “.crt” file name extension. (On some Linux distributions, the file extension may be “.der”.)Figure 66 Remote Host Certificates
Chapter 13The Certificates ScreensUser s Guide1563Double-click the certificate’s icon to open the Certificate window. Click the Details tab and scroll down to the Thumbprint Algorithm and Thumbprintfields.Figure 67 Certificate Details 4Use a secure method to verify that the certificate owner has the same information in the Thumbprint Algorithm and Thumbprint fields. The secure method may very based on your situation. Possible examples would be over the telephone or through an HTTPS connection.
User s Guide 157CHAPTER 14The Firewall Screens14.1 OverviewUse the TOOLS > Firewall screens to manage WiMAX Modem’s firewall security measures.Originally, the term firewall referred to a construction technique designed to prevent the spread of fire from one room to another. The networking term "firewall" is a system or group of systems that enforces an access-control policy between two networks. It may also be defined as a mechanism used to protect a trusted network from an untrusted network. Of course, firewalls cannot solve every security problem.A firewall is one of the mechanisms used to establish a network security perimeter in support of a network security policy. It should never be the only mechanism or method employed. For a firewall to guard effectively, you must design and deploy it appropriately. This requires integrating the firewall into a broad information-security policy. In addition, specific policies must be implemented within the firewall itself.14.1.1 What You Can Do in This Chapter•The General screen (Section 14.2 on page 158) lets you configure the basic settings for your firewall.•The Services screen (Section 14.3 on page 161) lets you enable service blocking, set up the date and time service blocking is effective, and to maintain the list of services you want to block.14.1.2 What You Need to KnowThe following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter.About the WiMAX Modem FirewallThe WiMAX Modem firewall is a stateful inspection firewall and is designed to protect against Denial of Service attacks when activated. The WiMAX Modem's purpose is to allow a private Local Area Network (LAN) to be securely connected to
Chapter 14The Firewall ScreensUser s Guide158the Internet. The WiMAX Modem can be used to prevent theft, destruction and modification of data, as well as log events, which may be important to the security of your network. The WiMAX Modem is installed between the LAN and a WiMAX base station connecting to the Internet. This allows it to act as a secure gateway for all data passing between the Internet and the LAN.The WiMAX Modem has one Ethernet (LAN) port. The LAN (Local Area Network) port attaches to a network of computers, which needs security from the outside world. These computers will have access to Internet services such as e-mail, FTP and the World Wide Web. However, “inbound access” is not allowed (by default) unless the remote host is authorized to use a specific service.14.2 Firewall SettingThis section describes firewalls and the built-in WiMAX Modem’s firewall features.14.2.1 Firewall Rule DirectionsFigure 68 Firewall Rule DirectionsLAN-to-WAN rules are local network to Internet firewall rules. The default is to forward all traffic from your local network to the Internet. You can block certain LAN-to-WAN traffic in the Services screen (click the Services tab). All services displayed in the Blocked Services list box are LAN-to-WAN firewall rules that block those services originating from the LAN. Blocked LAN-to-WAN packets are considered alerts. Alerts are “higher priority logs” that include system errors, attacks and attempted access to blocked web sites. Alerts appear in red in the View Log screen. You may choose to have alerts e-mailed immediately in the Log Settings screen.
Chapter 14The Firewall ScreensUser s Guide 159LAN-to-LAN/WiMAX Modem means the LAN to the WiMAX Modem LAN interface. This is always allowed, as this is how you manage the WiMAX Modem from your local computer.WAN-to-LAN rules are Internet to your local network firewall rules. The default is to block all traffic from the Internet to your local network. How can you forward certain WAN to LAN traffic? You may allow traffic originating from the WAN to be forwarded to the LAN by:•Configuring NAT port forwarding rules.•Configuring WAN or LAN & WAN access for services in the Remote MGMTscreens or SMT menus. When you allow remote management from the WAN, you are actually configuring WAN-to-WAN/WiMAX Modem firewall rules. WAN-to-WAN/WiMAX Modem firewall rules are Internet to the WiMAX Modem WAN interface firewall rules. The default is to block all such traffic. When you decide what WAN-to-LAN packets to log, you are in fact deciding what WAN-to-LANand WAN-to-WAN/WiMAX Modem packets to log. Forwarded WAN-to-LAN packets are not considered alerts.14.2.2 Triangle RouteWhen the firewall is on, your WiMAX Modem acts as a secure gateway between your LAN and the Internet. In an ideal network topology, all incoming and outgoing network traffic passes through the WiMAX Modem to protect your LAN against attacks.Figure 69 Ideal Firewall Setup
Chapter 14The Firewall ScreensUser s Guide16014.2.3 Firewall Setting OptionsClick TOOLS > Firewall > Firewall Setting to configure the basic settings for your firewall.Figure 70 TOOLS > Firewall > GeneralThe following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 59 TOOLS > Firewall > GeneralLABEL DESCRIPTIONEnable Firewall Select this to activate the firewall. The WiMAX Modem controls access and protects against Denial of Service (DoS) attacks when the firewall is activated.Bypass Triangle Route Select this if you want to let some traffic from the WAN go directly to a computer in the LAN without passing through the WiMAX Modem.Max NAT/Firewall Session Per UserSelect the maximum number of NAT rules and firewall rules the WiMAX Modem enforces at one time. The WiMAX Modem automatically allocates memory for the maximum number of rules, regardless of whether or not there is a rule to enforce. This is the same number you enter in ADVANCED > NAT Configuration > General.Packet DirectionLog Select the situations in which you want to create log entries for firewall events.No Log - do not create any log entriesLog Blocked - (LAN to WAN only) create log entries when packets are blockedLog Forwarded - (WAN to LAN only) create log entries when packets are forwardedLog All - create log entries for every packetApply Click to save your changes.Reset Click to restore your previously saved settings.
Chapter 14The Firewall ScreensUser s Guide 16114.3 ServicesClick TOOLS > Firewall > Services to enable service blocking, set up the date and time service blocking is effective, and to maintain the list of services you want to block.Figure 71 TOOLS > Firewall > ServicesThe following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 60 TOOLS > Firewall > ServicesLABEL DESCRIPTIONService SetupEnable Services Blocking Select this to activate service blocking. The Schedule to Block section controls what days and what times service blocking is actually effective, however.Available Services This is a list of pre-defined services (destination ports) you may prohibit your LAN computers from using. Select the port you want to block, and click Add to add the port to the Blocked Services field.A custom port is a service that is not available in the pre-defined Available Services list. You must define it using the Type and PortNumber fields.
Chapter 14The Firewall ScreensUser s Guide16214.4 Technical ReferenceThe following section contains additional technical information about the WiMAX Modem features described in this chapter.14.4.1 Stateful Inspection Firewall.Stateful inspection firewalls restrict access by screening data packets against defined access rules. They make access control decisions based on IP address and protocol. They also "inspect" the session data to assure the integrity of the connection and to adapt to dynamic protocols. These firewalls generally provide the best speed and transparency; however, they may lack the granular application level access control or caching that some proxies support. Firewalls, of one type or another, have become an integral part of standard security solutions for enterprises.Blocked Services This is a list of services (ports) that are inaccessible to computers on your LAN when service blocking is effective. To remove a service from this list, select the service, and click Delete.Type Select TCP or UDP, based on which one the custom port uses.Port Number Enter the range of port numbers that defines the service. For example, suppose you want to define the Gnutella service. Select TCP type and enter a port range of 6345-6349.Add Click this to add the selected service in Available Services to the Blocked Services list.Delete Select a service in the Blocked Services, and click this to remove the service from the list.Clear All Click this to remove all the services in the Blocked Services list.Schedule to BlockDay to Block Select which days of the week you want the service blocking to be effective.Time of Day to Block Select what time each day you want service blocking to be effective. Enter times in 24-hour format; for example, 3:00pm should be entered as 15:00.Apply Click to save your changes.Reset Click to restore your previously saved settings.Table 60 TOOLS > Firewall > Services (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTION
Chapter 14The Firewall ScreensUser s Guide 16314.4.2 Guidelines For Enhancing Security With Your Firewall1Change the default password via web configurator.2Think about access control before you connect to the network in any way.3Limit who can access your router.4Don't enable any local service (such as Telnet or FTP) that you don't use. Any enabled service could present a potential security risk. A determined hacker might be able to find creative ways to misuse the enabled services to access the firewall or the network.5For local services that are enabled, protect against misuse. Protect by configuring the services to communicate only with specific peers, and protect by configuring rules to block packets for the services at specific interfaces.6Protect against IP spoofing by making sure the firewall is active.7Keep the firewall in a secured (locked) room.14.4.3 The “Triangle Route” ProblemA traffic route is a path for sending or receiving data packets between two Ethernet devices. You may have more than one connection to the Internet (through one or more ISPs). If an alternate gateway is on the LAN (and its IP address is in the same subnet as the WiMAX Modem’s LAN IP address), the “triangle route” (also called asymmetrical route) problem may occur. The steps below describe the “triangle route” problem. 1A computer on the LAN initiates a connection by sending out a SYN packet to a receiving server on the WAN.2The WiMAX Modem reroutes the SYN packet through Gateway Aon the LAN to the WAN. 3The reply from the WAN goes directly to the computer on the LAN without going through the WiMAX Modem.
Chapter 14The Firewall ScreensUser s Guide164As a result, the WiMAX Modem resets the connection, as the connection has not been acknowledged.Figure 72 !Triangle Route" Problem14.4.3.1 Solving the “Triangle Route” ProblemIf you have the WiMAX Modem allow triangle route sessions, traffic from the WAN can go directly to a LAN computer without passing through the WiMAX Modem and its firewall protection. Another solution is to use IP alias. IP alias allows you to partition your network into logical sections over the same Ethernet interface. Your WiMAX Modem supports up to three logical LAN interfaces with the WiMAX Modem being the gateway for each logical network. It’s like having multiple LAN networks that actually use the same physical cables and ports. By putting your LAN and Gateway A in different subnets, all returning network traffic must pass through the WiMAX Modem to your LAN. The following steps describe such a scenario.1A computer on the LAN initiates a connection by sending a SYN packet to a receiving server on the WAN. 2The WiMAX Modemreroutes the packet to Gateway A, which is in Subnet 2. 3The reply from the WAN goes to the WiMAX Modem.
Chapter 14The Firewall ScreensUser s Guide 1654The WiMAX Modem then sends it to the computer on the LAN in Subnet 1.Figure 73 IP Alias
Chapter 14The Firewall ScreensUser s Guide166
User s Guide 167CHAPTER 15Content Filter15.1 OverviewUse the TOOLS > Content Filter screens to create and enforce policies that restrict access to the Internet based on contentInternet content filtering allows you to create and enforce Internet access policies tailored to their needs. Content filtering is the ability to block certain web features or specific URL keywords. The WiMAX Modem can block web features such as ActiveX controls, Java applets, cookies and disable web proxies. The WiMAX Modem also allows you to define time periods and days during which the WiMAX Modem performs content filtering.15.1.1 What You Can Do in This Chapter•The Filter screen (Section 15.2 on page 168) lets you set up a trusted IP address, which web features are restricted, and which keywords are blocked when content filtering is effective.•The Schedule screen (Section 15.3 on page 170) lets you schedule content filtering.
Chapter 15Content FilterUser s Guide16815.2 FilterClick TOOLS > Content Filter > Filter to set up a trusted IP address, which web features are restricted, and which keywords are blocked when content filtering is effective.Figure 74 TOOLS > Content Filter > Filter
Chapter 15Content FilterUser s Guide 169The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 61 TOOLS > Content Filter > FilterLABEL DESCRIPTIONTrusted IP SetupTrusted Computer IP AddressYou can allow a specific computer to access all Internet resources without the restrictions you set in these screens. Enter the IP address of the trusted computer.Restrict Web Features Select the web features you want to disable. If a user downloads a page with a restricted feature, that part of the web page appears blank or grayed out.ActiveX - This is a tool for building dynamic and active Web pages and distributed object applications. When you visit an ActiveX Web site, ActiveX controls are downloaded to your browser, where they remain in case you visit the site again.Java - This is used to build downloadable Web components or Internet and intranet business applications of all kinds.Cookies - This is used by Web servers to track usage and to provide service based on ID.Web Proxy - This is a server that acts as an intermediary between a user and the Internet to provide security, administrative control, and caching service. When a proxy server is located on the WAN, it is possible for LAN users to avoid content filtering restrictions.Keyword BlockingEnable URL Keyword BlockingSelect this if you want the WiMAX Modem to block Web sites based on words in the web site address. For example, if you block the keyword bad,http://www.website.com/bad.html is blocked.Keyword Type a keyword you want to block in this field. You can use up to 128 printable ASCII characters. There is no wildcard character, however.Add Click this to add the specified Keyword to the Keyword List. You can enter up to 128 keywords.Keyword List This field displays the keywords that are blocked when Enable URL Keyword Blocking is selected. To delete a keyword, select it, click Delete, and click Apply.Delete Click Delete to remove the selected keyword in the Keyword List. The keyword disappears after you click Apply.Clear All Click this button to remove all of the keywords in the Keyword List.Denied Access Message Enter the message that is displayed when the WiMAX Modem’s content filter feature blocks access to a web site.Apply Click to save your changes.Reset Click to restore your previously saved settings.
Chapter 15Content FilterUser s Guide17015.3 ScheduleClick TOOLS > Content Filter > Schedule to schedule content filtering.Figure 75 TOOLS > Content Filter > ScheduleThe following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 62 TOOLS > Content Filter > ScheduleLABEL DESCRIPTIONDay to Block Select which days of the week you want content filtering to be effective.Time of Day to Block Select what time each day you want content filtering to be effective. Enter times in 24-hour format; for example, 3:00pm should be entered as 15:00.Apply Click to save your changes.Reset Click to restore your previously saved settings.
User s Guide 171CHAPTER 16The Remote ManagementScreens16.1 OverviewUse the TOOLS > Remote Management screens to control which computers can use which services to access the WiMAX Modem on each interface.Remote management allows you to determine which services/protocols can access which WiMAX Modem interface (if any) from which computers.You may manage your WiMAX Modem from a remote location via:To disable remote management of a service, select Disable in the corresponding Server Access field.You may only have one remote management session running at a time. The WiMAX Modem automatically disconnects a remote management session of lower priority when another remote management session of higher priority starts. The priorities for the different types of remote management sessions are as follows.1Telnet2HTTP16.1.1 What You Can Do in This Chapter•The WWW screen (Section 16.2 on page 173) lets you control HTTP access to your WiMAX Modem.•The Telnet screen (Section 16.3 on page 174) lets you control Telnet access to your WiMAX Modem.•The FTP screen (Section 16.4 on page 174) lets you control FTP access to your WiMAX Modem.Table 63 Remote Management•Internet (WAN only) •ALL (LAN and WAN)•LAN only •Neither (Disable).
Chapter 16The Remote Management ScreensUser s Guide172•The SNMP screen (Section 16.5 on page 175) lets you control SNMP access to your WiMAX Modem.•The DNS screen (Section 16.6 on page 178) lets you control DNS access to your WiMAX Modem.•The Security screen (Section 16.7 on page 179) lets you control how your WiMAX Modem responds to other types of requests.•The CWMP-TR069 screen (Section 16.8 on page 180) lets you configure the WiMAX Modem’s auto-configuration and dynamic service configuration options.16.1.2 What You Need to KnowThe following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter.Remote Management LimitationsRemote management over LAN or WAN will not work when:1A filter in SMT menu 3.1 (LAN) or in menu 11.5 (WAN) is applied to block a Telnet, FTP or Web service. 2You have disabled that service in one of the remote management screens.3The IP address in the Secured Client IP field does not match the client IP address. If it does not match, the WiMAX Modem will disconnect the session immediately.4There is already another remote management session with an equal or higher priority running. You may only have one remote management session running at one time.Remote Management and NATWhen NAT is enabled:•Use the WiMAX Modem’s WAN IP address when configuring from the WAN. •Use the WiMAX Modem’s LAN IP address when configuring from the LAN.System TimeoutThere is a default system management idle timeout of five minutes (three hundred seconds). The WiMAX Modem automatically logs you out if the management session remains idle for longer than this timeout period. The management session does not time out when a statistics screen is polling. You can change the timeout period in the Maintenance > System > General screen.
Chapter 16The Remote Management ScreensUser s Guide 173SNMPSimple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is a protocol used for exchanging management information between network devices. SNMP is a member of the TCP/IP protocol suite. Your WiMAX Modem supports SNMP agent functionality, which allows a manager station to manage and monitor the WiMAX Modem through the network. The WiMAX Modem supports SNMP version one (SNMPv1) and version two (SNMPv2). The next figure illustrates an SNMP management operation.Note: SNMP is only available if TCP/IP is configured.16.2 WWWClick TOOLS > Remote Management > WWW to control HTTP access to your WiMAX Modem.Figure 76 TOOLS > Remote Management > WWWThe following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 64 TOOLS > Remote Management > WWWLABEL DESCRIPTIONServer Port Enter the port number this service can use to access the WiMAX Modem. The computer must use the same port number.Server Access Select the interface(s) through which a computer may access the WiMAX Modem using this service.Secured Client IP Address Select All to allow any computer to access the WiMAX Modem using this service.Select Selected to only allow the computer with the IP address that you specify to access the WiMAX Modem using this service.Apply Click to save your changes.Reset Click to restore your previously saved settings.
Chapter 16The Remote Management ScreensUser s Guide17416.3 TelnetClick TOOLS > Remote Management > Telnet to control Telnet access to your WiMAX Modem.Figure 77 TOOLS > Remote Management > TelnetThe following table describes the labels in this screen.16.4 FTPClick TOOLS > Remote Management > FTP to control FTP access to your WiMAX Modem.Figure 78 TOOLS > Remote Management > FTPTable 65 TOOLS > Remote Management > TelnetLABEL DESCRIPTIONServer Port Enter the port number this service can use to access the WiMAX Modem. The computer must use the same port number.Server Access Select the interface(s) through which a computer may access the WiMAX Modem using this service.Secured Client IP Address Select All to allow any computer to access the WiMAX Modem using this service.Select Selected to only allow the computer with the IP address that you specify to access the WiMAX Modem using this service.Apply Click to save your changes.Reset Click to restore your previously saved settings.
Chapter 16The Remote Management ScreensUser s Guide 175The following table describes the labels in this screen.16.5 SNMPAn SNMP managed network consists of two main types of component: agents and a manager.Figure 79 SNMP Management ModelAn agent is a management software module that resides in a managed device (the WiMAX Modem). An agent translates the local management information from the managed device into a form compatible with SNMP. The manager is the console through which network administrators perform network management functions. It executes applications that control and monitor managed devices. Table 66 TOOLS > Remote Management > FTPLABEL DESCRIPTIONServer Port Enter the port number this service can use to access the WiMAX Modem. The computer must use the same port number.Server Access Select the interface(s) through which a computer may access the WiMAX Modem using this service.Secured Client IP Address Select All to allow any computer to access the WiMAX Modem using this service.Select Selected to only allow the computer with the IP address that you specify to access the WiMAX Modem using this service.Apply Click to save your changes.Reset Click to restore your previously saved settings.
Chapter 16The Remote Management ScreensUser s Guide176The managed devices contain object variables/managed objects that define each piece of information to be collected about a device. Examples of variables include such as number of packets received, node port status etc. A Management Information Base (MIB) is a collection of managed objects. SNMP allows a manager and agents to communicate for the purpose of accessing these objects. The WiMAX Modem supports MIB II that is defined in RFC-1213 and RFC-1215. The focus of the MIBs is to let administrators collect statistical data and monitor status and performance.SNMP itself is a simple request/response protocol based on the manager/agent model. The manager issues a request and the agent returns responses using the following protocol operations: •Get - Allows the manager to retrieve an object variable from the agent. •GetNext - Allows the manager to retrieve the next object variable from a table or list within an agent. In SNMPv1, when a manager wants to retrieve all elements of a table from an agent, it initiates a Get operation, followed by a series of GetNext operations. •Set - Allows the manager to set values for object variables within an agent. •Trap - Used by the agent to inform the manager of some events.16.5.1 SNMP TrapsThe WiMAX Modem sends traps to the SNMP manager when any of the following events occurs: Table 67 SNMP TrapsTRAP # TRAP NAME DESCRIPTION0coldStart (defined in RFC-1215)A trap is sent after booting (power on).1warmStart (defined in RFC-1215)A trap is sent after booting (software reboot).4 authenticationFailure (defined in RFC-1215)A trap is sent to the manager when receiving any SNMP get or set requirements with the wrong community (password).6whyReboot A trap is sent with the reason of restart before rebooting when the system is going to restart (warm start).6a For intentional reboot: A trap is sent with the message "System reboot by user!" if reboot is done intentionally, (for example, download new files, CI command "sys reboot", etc.).6b For fatal error: A trap is sent with the message of the fatal code if the system reboots because of fatal errors.
Chapter 16The Remote Management ScreensUser s Guide 17716.5.2 SNMP OptionsClick TOOLS > Remote Management > SNMP to access this screen. Use SNMP options to control SNMP access to your WiMAX Modem.Figure 80 TOOLS > Remote Management > SNMPThe following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 68 TOOLS > Remote Management > SNMPLABEL DESCRIPTIONSNMP ConfigurationGet Community Enter the Get Community, which is the password for the incoming Get and GetNext requests from the management station. The default is public and allows all requests.Set Community Enter the Set community, which is the password for incoming Set requests from the management station. The default is public and allows all requests.Trap Community Enter the trap community, which is the password sent with each trap to the SNMP manager. The default is public and allows all requests.Trap Destination Enter the IP address of the station to send your SNMP traps to.SNMPPort You may change the server port number for a service if needed, however you must use the same port number in order to use that service for remote management.Access Status Select the interface(s) through which a computer may access the WiMAX Modem using this service.
Chapter 16The Remote Management ScreensUser s Guide17816.6 DNSClick TOOLS > Remote Management > DNS to access this screen. Use this screen to control DNS access to your WiMAX Modem.Figure 81 TOOLS > Remote Management > DNSThe following table describes the labels in this screen.Secured Client IP A secured client is a “trusted” computer that is allowed to communicate with the WiMAX Modem using this service. Select All to allow any computer to access the WiMAX Modem using this service.Choose Selected to just allow the computer with the IP address that you specify to access the WiMAX Modem using this service.Apply Click to save your changes.Reset Click to restore your previously saved settings.Table 68 TOOLS > Remote Management > SNMP (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTIONTable 69 TOOLS > Remote Management > DNSLABEL DESCRIPTIONServer Port This field is read-only. This field displays the port number this service uses to access the WiMAX Modem. The computer must use the same port number.Server Access Select the interface(s) through which a computer may access the WiMAX Modem using this service.Secured Client IP Address Select All to allow any computer to access the WiMAX Modem using this service.Select Selected to only allow the computer with the IP address that you specify to access the WiMAX Modem using this service.Apply Click to save your changes.Reset Click to restore your previously saved settings.
Chapter 16The Remote Management ScreensUser s Guide 17916.7 SecurityClick TOOLS > Remote Management > Security to access this screen. Use this screen to control how your WiMAX Modem responds to other types of requests.Figure 82 TOOLS > Remote Management > SecurityThe following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 70 TOOLS > Remote Management > SecurityLABEL DESCRIPTIONRespond to Ping on Select the interface(s) on which the WiMAX Modem should respond to incoming ping requests.•Disable - the WiMAX Modem does not respond to any ping requests.•LAN - the WiMAX Modem only responds to ping requests received from the LAN.•WAN - the WiMAX Modem only responds to ping requests received from the WAN.•LAN & WAN - the WiMAX Modem responds to ping requests received from the LAN or the WAN.Do not respond to requests for unauthorized servicesSelect this to prevent outsiders from discovering your WiMAX Modem by sending requests to unsupported port numbers. If an outside user attempts to probe an unsupported port on your WiMAX Modem, an ICMP response packet is automatically returned. This allows the outside user to know the WiMAX Modem exists. Your WiMAX Modem supports anti-probing, which prevents the ICMP response packet from being sent. This keeps outsiders from discovering your WiMAX Modem when unsupported ports are probed.If you clear this, your WiMAX Modem replies with an ICMP Port Unreachable packet for a port probe on unused UDP ports and with a TCP Reset packet for a port probe on unused TCP ports. Apply Click to save your changes.Reset Click to restore your previously saved settings.
Chapter 16The Remote Management ScreensUser s Guide18016.8 CWMP-TR069TR-069 is an abbreviation of “Technical Reference 069”, a protocol designed to facilitate the remote management of Customer Premise Equipement (CPE), such as the WiMAX Modem. It can be managed over a WAN by means of an Auto Configuration Server (ACS). TR-069 is based on sending Remote Procedure Calls (RPCs) between the ACS and the client device. RPCs are sent in Extensible Markup Language (XML) format over HTTP or HTTPS. An administrator can use an ACS to remotely set up the WiMAX Modem, modify its settings, perform firmware upgrades, and monitor and diagnose it. In order to do so, you must enable the TR-069 feature on your WiMAX Modem and then configure it appropriately. (The ACS server which it will use must also be configured by its administrator.)Figure 83 TR-069 ExampleIn this example, the WiMAX Modem receives data from at least 3 sources: A SIP server for handling voice calls, an HTTP server for handling web services, and an ACS, for configuring the WiMAX Modem remotely. All three servers are owned and operated by the client’s Internet Service Provider. However, without the configuration settings from the ACS, the WiMAX Modem cannot access the other two servers. Once the WiMAX Modem receives its configuration settings and implements them, it can connect to the other servers. If the settings change, it will once again be unable to connect until it receives its updates from the ACS.The WiMAX Modem can be configured to periodically check for updates from the auto-configuration server so that the end user need not be worried about it.SIPACSHTTP
Chapter 16The Remote Management ScreensUser s Guide 181Click TOOLS > Remote Management > CWMP-TR069 to access this screen. Use this screen to open WiMAX Modem’s auto-configuration and dynamic service configuration options.Figure 84 TOOLS > Remote Management > CWMP-TR069The following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 71 TOOLS > Remote Management > CWMP-TR069LABEL DESCRIPTIONActive Select this option to turn on the WiMAX Modem’s TR-069 feature. Note: If this feature is not enabled then the WiMAX Modem cannot be managed remotely.ACS URL Enter the URL or IP address of the auto-configuration server.User Name Enter the user name sent when the WiMAX Modem connects to the ACS and which is used for authentication.You can enter up to 31 alphanumeric characters (a-z, A-Z, 0-9) and underscores but spaces are not allowed.Password Enter the password sent when the WiMAX Modem connects to an ACS and which is used for authentication.You can enter up to 31 alphanumeric characters (a-z, A-Z, 0-9) and underscores but spaces are not allowed.Connection Request User NameEnter the connection request user name that the ACS must send to the WiMAX Modem when it requests a connection.You can enter up to 31 alphanumeric characters (a-z, A-Z, 0-9) and underscores but spaces are not allowed.Note: This must be provided by the ACS administrator.
Chapter 16The Remote Management ScreensUser s Guide182Connection Request PasswordEnter the connection request password that the ACS must send to the WiMAX Modem when it requests a connection.You can enter up to 31 alphanumeric characters (a-z, A-Z, 0-9) and underscores but spaces are not allowed.Note: This must be provided by the ACS administrator.Periodic Inform Enable Select thisto allow the WiMAX Modem to periodically connect to the ACS and check for configuration updates. If you do not enable this feature then the WiMAX Modem can only be updated automatically when the ACS initiates contact with it and if you selected the Active checkbox on this screen.Periodic Inform IntervalEnter the time interval (in seconds) at which the WiMAX Modem connects to the auto-configuration server.Periodic Inform Time Enter a time interval that the WiMAX Modem will trigger a periodic inform interval. This works in tandem with the Periodic Inform Interval and is not mutually exclusive of it.The Periodic Inform Time must be in the following format: yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ss where yyyy is a four digit year (“2009”), mm is a two digit month (01~12), dd is a two digit day (01~28), hh is a two-digit hour in 24-hour format (01~24), mm is a two digit minutes value (01-60) and ss is a two digit seconds value (01-60).Note: You must separate the day information from the hour information with a !T".This feature gives the WiMAX Modem abaseline from which to begin calculating when each periodic inform happens. If the inform time is set for some point in the past, the WiMAX Modem interpolates the inform interval forward to the current time and begins its periodic inform at the appropriate time based on this interpolation.If the inform time is set for some point in the future, then the WiMAX Modem interpolates backwards to the current time and actually begins at the appropriate time based on this interpolation.Apply Click to save your changes.Reset Click to restore your previously saved settings.Table 71 TOOLS > Remote Management > CWMP-TR069LABEL DESCRIPTION
User s Guide 183CHAPTER 17QoS17.1 OverviewQuality of Service (QoS) refers to both a network’s ability to deliver data with minimum delay, and the networking methods used to control the use of bandwidth. Without QoS, all traffic data is equally likely to be dropped when the network is congested. This can cause a reduction in network performance and make the network inadequate for time-critical application such as video-on-demand.17.2 GeneralClick TOOLS > QoS to open the screen as shown next. Use this screen to enable or disable QoS.Figure 85 QoS > GeneralThe following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 72 TOOLS > Remote Management > SecurityLABEL DESCRIPTIONActive QoS Select this to enable QoS for the WiMAX Modem. Selecting this may improve network performance, especially if you are using VoIP applications or are playing online video games.Apply Click to save your changes.Cancel Click to restore your previously saved settings.
Chapter 17QoSUser s Guide18417.3 Class SetupUse this screen to add, edit or delete QoS classifiers. A classifier groups traffic into data flows according to specific criteria such as the source address, destination address, source port number, destination port number or incoming interface. For example, you can configure a classifier to select traffic from the same protocol port (such as Telnet) to form a flow.You can give different priorities to traffic that the WiMAX Modem forwards out through the WAN interface. Give high priority to voice and video to make them run more smoothly. Similarly, give low priority to many large file downloads so that they do not reduce the quality of other applications. Click TOOLS > QoS > ClassSetup to open the following screen.Figure 86 QoS > Class SetupThe following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 73 QoS Class SetupLABEL DESCRIPTIONCreate New Class Clickthis button to create a new class.#This field displays the index number of the class.Active This field indicates whether the QoS class is enabled or not.Name This field indicates the name of the class.Interface This field indicates the Ethernet port on which traffic is being monitored and prioritized.DSCP This field indicates the Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) value for the associated class.Class Index This field indicates the index for this QoS class. Classes are implemented based on index number, from lowest to highest.Action Click the Edit icon to go to the screen where you can edit the rule.Click the Delete icon to delete an existing rule. Note that subsequent rules move up by one when you take this action.Apply Click this button to save your changes back to the WiMAX Modem.Cancel Click this button to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Chapter 17QoSUser s Guide 18517.3.1 Class ConfigurationClick the Create New Class button or the edit icon in the Class Setup screen to configure a classifier. Figure 87 QoS > Class Setup > Class ConfigurationThe following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 74 QoS Class SetupLABEL DESCRIPTIONClass ConfigurationActive Select this to make a class active.Index Enter an index number for the class. Similar classes are processed in order of index number, from lowest to highest.Name Enter a descriptive name of up to 20 printable English keyboard characters, including spaces.Interface Select an interface to which the class will apply:•From WAN - The class is applied to all packets incoming from the WAN (Wide Area Network).•From LAN - The class is applied to all packets outgoing from the LAN (Local Area Network).DSCP Enter a DSCP value with which the WiMAX Modem replaces the DSCP field in the packets.Filter Configuration
Chapter 17QoSUser s Guide186Source / DestinationAddress Enter the source IP address in dotted decimal notation.Subnet Mask Enter the source subnet mask.Port Range Enter the beginning and ending port numbers. You can use the same number in both fields to indicate a single port, or you can enter 0 in both fields to indicate all ports.Exclude Select this to use the class to exclude packets based on these settings.OthersService Select a pre-configured service for this class. Options are: SIP,FTPand H.323.This loads pre-configured values specifically for these service types.Protocol Select a protocol. Options are: TCP,UDP and User Defined.Exclude Select this to use the class to exclude packets based on these settings.Apply Click this button to save your changes back to the WiMAX Modem.Cancel Click this button to begin configuring this screen afresh.Table 74 QoS Class Setup (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTION
User s Guide 187CHAPTER 18The Logs Screens18.1 OverviewUse the TOOLS > Logs screens to look at log entries and alerts and to configure the WiMAX Modem’s log and alert settings.For a list of log messages, see Section 18.4 on page 193.18.1.1 What You Can Do in This Chapter•The View Logs screen (Section 18.2 on page 189) lets you look at log entries and alerts.•The Log Settings screen (Section 18.3 on page 191) lets you configure where the WiMAX Modem sends logs and alerts, the schedule for sending logs, and which logs and alerts are sent or recorded.18.1.2 What You Need to KnowThe following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter.AlertsAn alert is a type of log that warrants more serious attention. Some categories such as System Errors consist of both logs and alerts.Syslog LogsThere are two types of syslog: event logs and traffic logs. The device generates an event log when a system event occurs, for example, when a user logs in or the device is under attack. The device generates a traffic log when a "session" is terminated. A traffic log summarizes the session's type, when it started and stopped the amount of traffic that was sent and received and so on. An external log analyzer
Chapter 18The Logs ScreensUser s Guide188can reconstruct and analyze the traffic flowing through the device after collecting the traffic logs. The following table shows RFC-2408 ISAKMP payload types that the log displays. Please refer to the RFC for detailed information on each type. Table 75 Syslog LogsLOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTIONEvent Log: <Facility*8 + Severity>Mon dd hr:mm:ss hostname src="<srcIP:srcPort>" dst="<dstIP:dstPort>" msg="<msg>" note="<note>" devID="<mac address>" cat="<category>"This message is sent by the system ("RAS" displays as the system name if you haven’t configured one) when the router generates a syslog. The facility is defined in the Log Settings screen. The severity is the log’s syslog class. The definition of messages and notes are defined in the various log charts throughout this appendix. The “devID” is the MAC address of the router’s LAN port. The “cat” is the same as the category in the router’s logs.Traffic Log: <Facility*8 + Severity>Mon dd hr:mm:ss hostname src="<srcIP:srcPort>" dst="<dstIP:dstPort>" msg="Traffic Log" note="Traffic Log" devID="<mac address>" cat="Traffic Log" duration=seconds sent=sentBytes rcvd=receiveBytes dir="<from:to>" protoID=IPProtocolID proto="serviceName" trans="IPSec/Normal"This message is sent by the device when the connection (session) is closed. The facility is defined in the Log Settings screen. The severity is the traffic log type. The message and note always display "Traffic Log". The "proto" field lists the service name. The "dir" field lists the incoming and outgoing interfaces ("LAN:LAN", "LAN:WAN", "LAN:DEV" for example).Table 76 RFC-2408 ISAKMP Payload TypesLOG DISPLAY PAYLOAD TYPESA Security AssociationPROP ProposalTRANS TransformKE Key ExchangeID IdentificationCER CertificateCER_REQ Certificate RequestHASH HashSIG SignatureNONCE NonceNOTFY NotificationDEL DeleteVID Vendor ID
Chapter 18The Logs ScreensUser s Guide 18918.2 View LogsClick TOOLS > Logs > View Log to access this screen. Use this screen to look at log entries and alerts. Alerts are written in red.Figure 88 TOOLS > Logs > View LogsClick a column header to sort log entries in descending (later-to-earlier) order. Click again to sort in ascending order. The small triangle next to a column header indicates how the table is currently sorted (pointing downward is descending; pointing upward is ascending). The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 77 TOOLS > Logs > View LogsLABEL DESCRIPTIONDisplay Select a category whose log entries you want to view. To view all logs, select All Logs. The list of categories depends on what log categories are selected in the Log Settings page.Email Log Now Click this to send the log screen to the e-mail address specified in the Log Settings page.Refresh Click to renew the log screen. Clear Log Click to clear all the log entries, regardless of what is shown on the log screen.
Chapter 18The Logs ScreensUser s Guide190#The number of the item in this list.Time This field displays the time the log entry was recorded.Message This field displays the reason for the log entry. See Section 18.4 on page 193.Source This field displays the source IP address and the port number of the incoming packet. In many cases, some or all of this information may not be available.Destination This field lists the destination IP address and the port number of the incoming packet. In many cases, some or all of this information may not be available.Note This field displays additional information about the log entry.Table 77 TOOLS > Logs > View Logs (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTION
Chapter 18The Logs ScreensUser s Guide 19118.3 Log SettingsClick TOOLS > Logs > Log Settings to configure where the WiMAX Modem sends logs and alerts, the schedule for sending logs, and which logs and alerts are sent or recorded.Figure 89 TOOLS > Logs > Log Settings
Chapter 18The Logs ScreensUser s Guide192The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 78 TOOLS > Logs > Log SettingsLABEL DESCRIPTIONE-mail Log SettingsMail Server Enter the server name or the IP address of the mail server the WiMAX Modem should use to e-mail logs and alerts. Leave this field blank if you do not want to send logs or alerts by e-mail.Mail Subject Enter the subject line used in e-mail messages the WiMAX Modem sends.Send Log to Enter the e-mail address to which log entries are sent by e-mail. Leave this field blank if you do not want to send logs by e-mail.Send Alerts to Enter the e-mail address to which alerts are sent by e-mail. Leave this field blank if you do not want to send alerts by e-mail.Log Schedule Select the frequency with which the WiMAX Modem should send log messages by e-mail.•Daily•Weekly•Hourly•When Log is Full•None. If the Weekly or the Daily option is selected, specify a time of day when the E-mail should be sent. If the Weekly option is selected, then also specify which day of the week the E-mail should be sent. If the When Log is Full option is selected, an alert is sent when the log fills up. If you select None, no log messages are sent.Day for Sending Log This field is only available when you select Weekly in the Log Schedule field.Select which day of the week to send the logs.Time for Sending Log This field is only available when you select Daily or Weekly in the LogSchedule field.Enter the time of day in 24-hour format (for example 23:00 equals 11:00 pm) to send the logs.Clear log after sending mail Select this to clear all logs and alert messages after logs are sent by e-mail.Syslog LoggingActive Select this to enable syslog logging.Syslog Server IP Address Enter the server name or IP address of the syslog server that logs the selected categories of logs.Log Facility Select a location. The log facility allows you to log the messages in different files in the syslog server. See the documentation of your syslog for more details.Active Log and AlertLog Select the categories of logs that you want to record. Sendimmediate alert Select the categories of alerts that you want the WiMAX Modem to send immediately.
Chapter 18The Logs ScreensUser s Guide 19318.4 Log Message DescriptionsThe following tables provide descriptions of example log messages.Apply Click to save your changes.Cancel Click to return to the previous screen without saving your changes.Table 78 TOOLS > Logs > Log SettingsLABEL DESCRIPTIONTable 79 System Error LogsLOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTIONWAN connection is down. The WAN connection is down. You cannot access the network through this interface.%s exceeds the max. number of session per host!This attempt to create a NAT session exceeds the maximum number of NAT session table entries allowed to be created per host.Table 80 System Maintenance LogsLOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTIONTime calibration is successful The device has adjusted its time based on information from the time server.Time calibration failed The device failed to get information from the time server.WAN interface gets IP: %s The WAN interface got a new IP address from the DHCP or PPPoE server.DHCP client gets %s A DHCP client got a new IP address from the DHCP server.DHCP client IP expired A DHCP client's IP address has expired.DHCP server assigns %s The DHCP server assigned an IP address to a client.Successful WEB login Someone has logged on to the device's web configurator interface.WEB login failed Someone has failed to log on to the device's web configurator interface.TELNET Login Successfully Someone has logged on to the router via Telnet.TELNET Login Fail Someone has failed to log on to the router via Telnet.Successful FTP login Someone has logged on to the device via FTP.FTP login failed Someone has failed to log on to the device via FTP.NAT Session Table is Full! The maximum number of NAT session table entries has been exceeded and the table is full.Time initialized by Daytime Server The device got the time and date from the Daytime server.
Chapter 18The Logs ScreensUser s Guide194Time initialized by Time server The device got the time and date from the time server.Time initialized by NTP server The device got the time and date from the NTP server.Connect to Daytime server fail The device was not able to connect to the Daytime server.Connect to Time server fail The device was not able to connect to the Time server.Connect to NTP server fail The device was not able to connect to the NTP server.Too large ICMP packet has been dropped The device dropped an ICMP packet that was too large.Configuration Change: PC = 0x%x, Task ID = 0x%x The device is saving configuration changes.Table 81 Access Control LogsLOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTIONFirewall default policy: [ TCP | UDP | IGMP | ESP | GRE | OSPF ] <Packet Direction>Attempted TCP/UDP/IGMP/ESP/GRE/OSPF access matched the default policy and was blocked or forwarded according to the default policy’s setting.Firewall rule [NOT] match:[ TCP | UDP | IGMP | ESP | GRE | OSPF ] <Packet Direction>, <rule:%d>Attempted TCP/UDP/IGMP/ESP/GRE/OSPF access matched (or did not match) a configured firewall rule (denoted by its number) and was blocked or forwarded according to the rule. Triangle route packet forwarded: [ TCP | UDP | IGMP | ESP | GRE | OSPF ]The firewall allowed a triangle route session to pass through.Packet without a NAT table entry blocked: [ TCP | UDP | IGMP | ESP | GRE | OSPF ]The router blocked a packet that didn't have a corresponding NAT table entry.Router sent blocked web site message: TCP The router sent a message to notify a user that the router blocked access to a web site that the user requested.Exceed maximum sessions per host (%d). The device blocked a session because the host's connections exceeded the maximum sessions per host.Firewall allowed a packet that matched a NAT session: [ TCP | UDP ]A packet from the WAN (TCP or UDP) matched a cone NAT session and the device forwarded it to the LAN.Table 80 System Maintenance Logs (continued)LOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTION
Chapter 18The Logs ScreensUser s Guide 195Table 82 TCP Reset LogsLOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTIONUnder SYN flood attack, sent TCP RST The router sent a TCP reset packet when a host was under a SYN flood attack (the TCP incomplete count is per destination host.) Exceed TCP MAX incomplete, sent TCP RST The router sent a TCP reset packet when the number of TCP incomplete connections exceeded the user configured threshold. (the TCP incomplete count is per destination host.) Peer TCP state out of order, sent TCP RST The router sent a TCP reset packet when a TCP connection state was out of order.Note: The firewall refers to RFC793 Figure 6 to check the TCP state.Firewall session time out, sent TCP RST The router sent a TCP reset packet when a dynamic firewall session timed out.The default timeout values are as follows:ICMP idle timeout: 3 minutesUDP idle timeout: 3 minutesTCP connection (three way handshaking) timeout: 270 secondsTCP FIN-wait timeout: 2 MSL (Maximum Segment Lifetime set in the TCP header).TCP idle (established) timeout (s): 150 minutesTCP reset timeout: 10 secondsExceed MAX incomplete, sent TCP RST The router sent a TCP reset packet when the number of incomplete connections (TCP and UDP) exceeded the user-configured threshold. (Incomplete count is for all TCP and UDP connections through the firewall.)Note: When the number of incomplete connections (TCP + UDP) > “Maximum Incomplete High”, the router sends TCP RST packets for TCP connections and destroys TOS (firewall dynamic sessions) until incomplete connections < “Maximum Incomplete Low”.Access block, sent TCP RST The router sends a TCP RST packet and generates this log if you turn on the firewall TCP reset mechanism (via CI command: sys firewall tcprst).Table 83 Packet Filter LogsLOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTION[ TCP | UDP | ICMP | IGMP | Generic ] packet filter matched (set: %d, rule: %d)Attempted access matched a configured filter rule (denoted by its set and rule number) and was blocked or forwarded according to the rule.
Chapter 18The Logs ScreensUser s Guide196For type and code details, see Table 89 on page 199.Table 84 ICMP LogsLOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTIONFirewall default policy: ICMP <Packet Direction>, <type:%d>, <code:%d>ICMP access matched the default policy and was blocked or forwarded according to the user's setting.Firewall rule [NOT] match: ICMP <Packet Direction>, <rule:%d>, <type:%d>, <code:%d>ICMP access matched (or didn’t match) a firewall rule (denoted by its number) and was blocked or forwarded according to the rule. Triangle route packet forwarded: ICMP The firewall allowed a triangle route session to pass through.Packet without a NAT table entry blocked: ICMP The router blocked a packet that didn’t have a corresponding NAT table entry.Unsupported/out-of-order ICMP: ICMP The firewall does not support this kind of ICMP packets or the ICMP packets are out of order.Router reply ICMP packet: ICMP The router sent an ICMP reply packet to the sender.Table 85 PPP LogsLOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTIONppp:LCP Starting The PPP connection’s Link Control Protocol stage has started.ppp:LCP Opening The PPP connection’s Link Control Protocol stage is opening.ppp:CHAP Opening The PPP connection’s Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol stage is opening.ppp:IPCP Starting The PPP connection’s Internet Protocol Control Protocol stage is starting.ppp:IPCP Opening The PPP connection’s Internet Protocol Control Protocol stage is opening.ppp:LCP Closing The PPP connection’s Link Control Protocol stage is closing.ppp:IPCP Closing The PPP connection’s Internet Protocol Control Protocol stage is closing.Table 86 Content Filtering LogsLOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTION%s: Keyword blocking The content of a requested web page matched a user defined keyword.%s: Not in trusted web list The web site is not in a trusted domain, and the router blocks all traffic except trusted domain sites.%s: Forbidden Web site The web site is in the forbidden web site list.%s: Contains ActiveX The web site contains ActiveX.%s: Contains Java applet The web site contains a Java applet.
Chapter 18The Logs ScreensUser s Guide 197For type and code details, see Table 89 on page 199.%s: Contains cookie The web site contains a cookie.%s: Proxy mode detected The router detected proxy mode in the packet.%s: Trusted Web site The web site is in a trusted domain.%s When the content filter is not on according to the time schedule:Waiting content filter server timeoutThe external content filtering server did not respond within the timeout period.DNS resolving failed The WiMAX Modem cannot get the IP address of the external content filtering via DNS query.Creating socket failed The WiMAX Modem cannot issue a query because TCP/UDP socket creation failed, port:port number.Connecting to content filter server failThe connection to the external content filtering server failed.License key is invalid The external content filtering license key is invalid.Table 87 Attack LogsLOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTIONattack [ TCP | UDP | IGMP | ESP | GRE | OSPF ]The firewall detected a TCP/UDP/IGMP/ESP/GRE/OSPF attack.attack ICMP (type:%d, code:%d) The firewall detected an ICMP attack. land [ TCP | UDP | IGMP | ESP | GRE | OSPF ] The firewall detected a TCP/UDP/IGMP/ESP/GRE/OSPF land attack.land ICMP (type:%d, code:%d) The firewall detected an ICMP land attack. ip spoofing - WAN [ TCP | UDP | IGMP | ESP | GRE | OSPF ]The firewall detected an IP spoofing attack on the WAN port.ip spoofing - WAN ICMP (type:%d, code:%d) The firewall detected an ICMP IP spoofing attack on the WAN port. icmp echo : ICMP (type:%d, code:%d) The firewall detected an ICMP echo attack. syn flood TCP The firewall detected a TCP syn flood attack.ports scan TCP The firewall detected a TCP port scan attack.teardrop TCP The firewall detected a TCP teardrop attack.teardrop UDP The firewall detected an UDP teardrop attack.teardrop ICMP (type:%d, code:%d) The firewall detected an ICMP teardrop attack. illegal command TCP The firewall detected a TCP illegal command attack.Table 86 Content Filtering Logs (continued)LOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTION
Chapter 18The Logs ScreensUser s Guide198NetBIOS TCP The firewall detected a TCP NetBIOS attack.ip spoofing - no routing entry [ TCP | UDP | IGMP | ESP | GRE | OSPF ]The firewall classified a packet with no source routing entry as an IP spoofing attack.ip spoofing - no routing entry ICMP (type:%d, code:%d)The firewall classified an ICMP packet with no source routing entry as an IP spoofing attack.vulnerability ICMP (type:%d, code:%d) The firewall detected an ICMP vulnerability attack. traceroute ICMP (type:%d, code:%d) The firewall detected an ICMP traceroute attack. ports scan UDP The firewall detected a UDP port scan attack.Firewall sent TCP packet in response to DoS attack TCPThe firewall sent TCP packet in response to a DoS attackICMP Source Quench ICMP The firewall detected an ICMP Source Quench attack.ICMP Time Exceed ICMP The firewall detected an ICMP Time Exceed attack.ICMP Destination Unreachable ICMP The firewall detected an ICMP Destination Unreachable attack.ping of death. ICMP The firewall detected an ICMP ping of death attack.smurf ICMP The firewall detected an ICMP smurf attack.Table 88 Remote Management LogsLOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTIONRemote Management: FTP denied Attempted use of FTP service was blocked according to remote management settings.Remote Management: TELNET denied Attempted use of TELNET service was blocked according to remote management settings.Remote Management: WWW denied Attempted use of WWW service was blocked according to remote management settings.Remote Management: HTTPS denied Attempted use of HTTPS service was blocked according to remote management settings.Remote Management: SSH denied Attempted use of SSH service was blocked according to remote management settings.Remote Management: ICMP Ping response denied Attempted use of ICMP service was blocked according to remote management settings.Remote Management: DNS denied Attempted use of DNS service was blocked according to remote management settings.Table 87 Attack Logs (continued)LOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTION
Chapter 18The Logs ScreensUser s Guide 199Table 89 ICMP NotesTYPE CODE DESCRIPTION0Echo Reply0Echo reply message3Destination Unreachable0Net unreachable1Host unreachable2Protocol unreachable3Port unreachable4A packet that needed fragmentation was dropped because it was set to Don't Fragment (DF)5Source route failed4Source Quench0A gateway may discard internet datagrams if it does not have the buffer space needed to queue the datagrams for output to the next network on the route to the destination network.5Redirect0Redirect datagrams for the Network1Redirect datagrams for the Host2Redirect datagrams for the Type of Service and Network3Redirect datagrams for the Type of Service and Host8Echo0Echo message11 Time Exceeded0Time to live exceeded in transit1Fragment reassembly time exceeded12 Parameter Problem0Pointer indicates the error13 Timestamp0Timestamp request message14 Timestamp Reply0Timestamp reply message15 Information Request0Information request message16 Information Reply0Information reply message
Chapter 18The Logs ScreensUser s Guide200Table 90 SIP LogsLOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTIONSIP Registration Success by SIP:SIP Phone Number The listed SIP account was successfully registered with a SIP register server.SIP Registration Fail by SIP:SIP Phone Number An attempt to register the listed SIP account with a SIP register server was not successful.SIP UnRegistration Success by SIP:SIP Phone NumberThe listed SIP account’s registration was deleted from the SIP register server.SIP UnRegistration Fail by SIP:SIP Phone Number An attempt to delete the listed SIP account’s registration from the SIP register server failed.Table 91 RTP LogsLOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTIONError, RTP init fail The initialization of an RTP session failed.Error, Call fail: RTP connect fail A VoIP phone call failed because the RTP session could not be established.Error, RTP connection cannot close The termination of an RTP session failed.Table 92 FSM Logs: Caller SideLOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTIONVoIP Call Start Ph[Phone Port Number] <- Outgoing Call NumberSomeone used a phone connected to the listed phone port to initiate a VoIP call to the listed destination.VoIP Call Established Ph[Phone Port] -> Outgoing Call NumberSomeone used a phone connected to the listed phone port to make a VoIP call to the listed destination.VoIP Call End Phone[Phone Port] A VoIP phone call made from a phone connected to the listed phone port has terminated.Table 93 FSM Logs: Callee SideLOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTIONVoIP Call Start from SIP[SIP Port Number] A VoIP phone call came to the WiMAX Modem from the listed SIP number.
Chapter 18The Logs ScreensUser s Guide 201VoIP Call Established Ph[Phone Port] <- Outgoing Call NumberA VoIP phone call was set up from the listed SIP number to the WiMAX Modem.VoIP Call End Phone[Phone Port] A VoIP phone call that came into the WiMAX Modem has terminated.Table 94 Lifeline LogsLOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTIONPSTN Call Start A PSTN call has been initiated.PSTN Call End A PSTN call has terminated.PSTN Call Established A PSTN call has been set up.Table 93 FSM Logs: Callee Side (continued)LOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTION
Chapter 18The Logs ScreensUser s Guide202
User s Guide 203CHAPTER 19The Status Screen19.1 OverviewUse this screen to view a complete summary of your WiMAX Modem connection status.19.2 Status ScreenClick the STATUS icon in the navigation bar to go to this screen, where you can view the current status of the device, system resources, interfaces (LAN and WAN), and SIP accounts. You can also register and un-register SIP accounts as well as view detailed information from DHCP and statistics from WiMAX, VoIP, bandwidth management, and traffic.Figure 90 Status
Chapter 19The Status ScreenUser s Guide204The following tables describe the labels in this screen. Table 95 StatusLABEL DESCRIPTIONRefresh IntervalSelect how often you want the WiMAX Modem to update this screen.Refresh NowClick this to update this screen immediately.Device InformationSystem NameThis field displays the WiMAX Modem system name. It is used for identification.You can change this in the ADVANCED > System Configuration > General screen’s System Name field.Firmware Version This field displays the current version of the firmware inside the device. It also shows the date the firmware version was created. You can change the firmware version by uploading new firmware in ADVANCED > System Configuration > Firmware.WAN InformationIP AddressThis field displays the current IP address of the WiMAX Modem in the WAN.IP Subnet MaskThis field displays the current subnet mask on the WAN.DHCPThis field displays what DHCP services the WiMAX Modem is using in the WAN. Choices are:Client - The WiMAX Modem is a DHCP client in the WAN. Its IP address comes from a DHCP server on the WAN.None - The WiMAX Modem is not using any DHCP services in the WAN. It has a static IP address.LAN InformationIP AddressThis field displays the current IP address of the WiMAX Modem in the LAN.IP Subnet MaskThis field displays the current subnet mask in the LAN.DHCPThis field displays what DHCP services the WiMAX Modem is providing to the LAN. Choices are:Server - The WiMAX Modem is a DHCP server in the LAN. It assigns IP addresses to other computers in the LAN.None - The WiMAX Modem is not providing any DHCP services to the LAN.You can change this in ADVANCED > LAN Configuration > DHCP Setup.WiMAX InformationOperator ID Every WiMAX service provider has a unique Operator ID number, which is broadcast by each base station it owns. You can only connect to the Internet through base stations belonging to your service provider’s network.BSID This field displays the identification number of the wireless base station to which the WiMAX Modem is connected. Every base station transmits a unique BSID, which identifies it across the network.Frequency This field displays the radio frequency of the WiMAX Modem’s wireless connection to a base station.
Chapter 19The Status ScreenUser s Guide 205MAC address This field displays the Media Access Control address of the WiMAX Modem. Every network device has a unique MAC address which identifies it across the network.WiMAX StateThis field displays the status of the WiMAX Modem’s current connection. •INIT: the WiMAX Modem is starting up.•DL_SYN: The WiMAX Modem is unable to connect to a base station.•RANGING: the WiMAX Modem and the base station are transmitting and receiving information about the distance between them. Ranging allows the WiMAX Modem to use a lower transmission power level when communicating with a nearby base station, and a higher transmission power level when communicating with a distant base station.•CAP_NEGO: the WiMAX Modem and the base station are exchanging information about their capabilities.•AUTH: the WiMAX Modem and the base station are exchanging security information.•REGIST: the WiMAX Modem is registering with a RADIUS server.•OPERATIONAL: the WiMAX Modem has successfully registered with the base station. Traffic can now flow between the WiMAX Modem and the base station.•IDLE: the WiMAX Modem is in power saving mode, but can connect when a base station alerts it that there is traffic waiting.Bandwidth This field shows the size of the bandwidth step the WiMAX Modem uses to connect to a base station in megahertz (MHz). CINR mean This field shows the average Carrier to Interference plus Noise Ratio of the current connection. This value is an indication of overall radio signal quality. A higher value indicates a higher signal quality, and a lower value indicates a lower signal quality.CINR deviation This field shows the amount of change in the CINR level. This value is an indication of radio signal stability. A lower number indicates a more stable signal, and a higher number indicates a less stable signal. RSSI This field shows the Received Signal Strength Indication. This value is a measurement of overall radio signal strength. A higher RSSI level indicates a stronger signal, and a lower RSSI level indicates a weaker signal.A strong signal does not necessarily indicate a good signal: a strong signal may have a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).UL Data Rate This field shows the number of data packets uploaded from the WiMAX Modem to the base station each second.DL Data Rate This field shows the number of data packets downloaded to the WiMAX Modem from the base station each second.Tx Power This field shows the output transmission (Tx) level of the WiMAX Modem.System StatusSystem UptimeThis field displays how long the WiMAX Modem has been running since it last started up. The WiMAX Modem starts up when you plug it in, when you restart it (ADVANCED > System Configuration > Restart), or when you reset it.Table 95 Status (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTION
Chapter 19The Status ScreenUser s Guide206Current Date/Time This field displays the current date and time in the WiMAX Modem. You can change this in SETUP > Time Setting.Memory UsageThis field displays what percentage of the WiMAX Modem’s memory is currently used. The higher the memory usage, the more likely the WiMAX Modem is to slow down. Some memory is required just to start the WiMAX Modem and to run the web configurator. You can reduce the memory usage by disabling some services (see CPU Usage); by reducing the amount of memory allocated to NAT and firewall rules (you may have to reduce the number of NAT rules or firewall rules to do so); or by deleting rules in functions such as incoming call policies, speed dial entries, and static routes.IVR UsageThis field displays what percentage of the WiMAX Modem’s IVR memory is currently used. IVR (Interactive Voice Response) refers to the customizable ring tone and on-hold music you set.Interface StatusInterfaceThis column displays each interface of the WiMAX Modem.StatusThis field indicates whether or not the WiMAX Modem is using the interface.For the WAN interface, this field displays Up when the WiMAX Modem is connected to a WiMAX network, and Down when the WiMAX Modem is not connected to a WiMAX network.For the LAN interface, this field displays Up when the WiMAX Modem is using the interface and Down when the WiMAX Modem is not using the interface.RateFor the LAN ports this displays the port speed and duplex setting.For the WAN interface, it displays the downstream and upstream transmission rate or N/A if the WiMAX Modem is not connected to a base station.For the WLAN interface, it displays the transmission rate when WLAN is enabled or N/A when WLAN is disabled.SummaryPacket Statistics Click this link to view port status and packet specific statistics.WiMAX Site Information Click this link to view details of the radio frequencies used by the WiMAX Modem to connect to a base station.DHCP TableClick this link to see details of computers to which the WiMAX Modem has given an IP address.VoIP StatisticsClick this link to view statistics about your VoIP usage. WiMAX ProfileClick this link to view details of the current wireless security settings.VoIP StatusAccountThis column displays each SIP account in the WiMAX Modem.Table 95 Status (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTION
Chapter 19The Status ScreenUser s Guide 207RegistrationThis field displays the current registration status of the SIP account. You have to register SIP accounts with a SIP server to use VoIP.If the SIP account is already registered with the SIP server,Click Unregister to delete the SIP account’s registration in the SIP server. This does not cancel your SIP account, but it deletes the mapping between your SIP identity and your IP address or domain name.The second field displays Registered.If the SIP account is not registered with the SIP server,Click Register to have the WiMAX Modem attempt to register the SIP account with the SIP server.The second field displays the reason the account is not registered.Inactive - The SIP account is not active. You can activate it in VOICE > SIP > SIP Settings.Register Fail - The last time the WiMAX Modem tried to register the SIP account with the SIP server, the attempt failed. The WiMAX Modem automatically tries to register the SIP account when you turn on the WiMAX Modem or when you activate it.URIThis field displays the account number and service domain of the SIP account. You can change these in VOICE > SIP > SIP Settings.Table 95 Status (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTION
Chapter 19The Status ScreenUser s Guide20819.2.1 WiMAX Site InformationClick Status > WiMAX Site Information to open this screen. This read-only screen shows WiMAX frequency information for the WiMAX Modem. These settings can be configured in the ADVANCED > WAN Configuration > WiMAX Configuration screen.Figure 91 WiMAX Site Information The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 96 WiMAX Site InformationLABEL DESCRIPTIONDL Frequency[1] ~ [18]These fields show the downlink frequency settings in kilohertz (kHz). These settings determine how the WiMAX Modem searches for an available wireless connection.
Chapter 19The Status ScreenUser s Guide 20919.2.2 Packet StatisticsClick Status > Packet Statistics to open this screen. This read-only screen displays information about the data transmission through the WiMAX Modem. To configure these settings, go to the corresponding area in the Advanced screens.Figure 92 Packet StatisticsThe following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 97 Packet StatisticsLABEL DESCRIPTIONPortThis column displays each interface of the WiMAX Modem.Status This field indicates whether or not the WiMAX Modem is using the interface.For the WAN interface, this field displays the port speed and duplex setting when the WiMAX Modem is connected to a WiMAX network, and Down when the WiMAX Modem is not connected to a WiMAX network.For the LAN interface, this field displays the port speed and duplex setting when the WiMAX Modem is using the interface and Downwhen the WiMAX Modem is not using the interface.For the WLAN interface, it displays the transmission rate when WLAN is enabled or Down when WLAN is disabled.TxPkts This field displays the number of packets transmitted on this interface.RxPkts This field displays the number of packets received on this interface.Collisions This field displays the number of collisions on this port.Tx B/s This field displays the number of bytes transmitted in the last second.Rx B/s This field displays the number of bytes received in the last second.Up Time This field displays the elapsed time this interface has been connected. System up Time This is the elapsed time the system has been on.Poll Interval(s) Type the time interval for the browser to refresh system statistics.
Chapter 19The Status ScreenUser s Guide21019.2.3 VoIP StatisticsClick Status > DHCP Table to open this screen. This read-only screen shows SIP registration information, status of calls and VoIP traffic statistics. These settings can be configured in the VOICE > Service Configuration > SIP Setting screen.Figure 93 VoIP StatisticsEach field is described in the following table.Set Interval Click this button to apply the new poll interval you entered in the PollInterval field above.Stop Click this button to halt the refreshing of the system statistics.Table 97 Packet Statistics (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTIONTable 98 VoIP Statistics LABEL DESCRIPTIONSIP StatusPortThis column displays each SIP account in the WiMAX Modem.StatusThis field displays the current registration status of the SIP account. You can change this in the Status screen.Registered - The SIP account is registered with a SIP server.Register Fail - The last time the WiMAX Modem tried to register the SIP account with the SIP server, the attempt failed. The WiMAX Modem automatically tries to register the SIP account when you turn on the WiMAX Modem or when you activate it.Inactive - The SIP account is not active. You can activate it in VOICE > SIP > SIP Settings.LastRegistration This field displays the last time you successfully registered the SIP account. It displays N/A if you never successfully registered this account.
Chapter 19The Status ScreenUser s Guide 211URIThis field displays the account number and service domain of the SIP account. You can change these in VOICE > SIP > SIP Settings.ProtocolThis field displays the transport protocol the SIP account uses. SIP accounts always use UDP.MessageWaiting This field indicates whether or not there are any messages waiting for the SIP account.Last Incoming Number This field displays the last number that called the SIP account. It displays N/A if no number has ever dialed the SIP account.Last Outgoing Number This field displays the last number the SIP account called. It displays N/A if the SIP account has never dialed a number.Call StatisticsPhoneThis field displays the WiMAX Modem’s phone port number.HookThis field indicates whether the phone is on the hook or off the hook.On - The phone is hanging up or already hung up.Off - The phone is dialing, calling, or connected.StatusThis field displays the current state of the phone call.N/A - There are no current VoIP calls, incoming calls or outgoing calls being made.DIAL - The callee’s phone is ringing.RING - The phone is ringing for an incoming VoIP call.Process - There is a VoIP call in progress.DISC - The callee’s line is busy, the callee hung up or your phone was left off the hook.CodecThis field displays what voice codec is being used for a current VoIP call through a phone port.Peer NumberThis field displays the SIP number of the party that is currently engaged in a VoIP call through a phone port.DurationThis field displays how long the current call has lasted.Tx PktsThis field displays the number of packets the WiMAX Modem has transmitted in the current call.Rx PktsThis field displays the number of packets the WiMAX Modem has received in the current call.Tx B/sThis field displays how quickly the WiMAX Modem has transmitted packets in the current call. The rate is the average number of bytes transmitted per second.Rx B/sThis field displays how quickly the WiMAX Modem has received packets in the current call. The rate is the average number of bytes transmitted per second.Poll Interval(s)Enter how often you want the WiMAX Modem to update this screen, and click Set Interval.Table 98 VoIP Statistics LABEL DESCRIPTION
Chapter 19The Status ScreenUser s Guide21219.2.4 WiMAX ProfileClick Status > WiMAX Profile to open this screen. This read-only screen displays information about the security settings you are using. To configure these settings, go to the ADVANCED > WAN Configuration > Internet Connection screen.Note: Not all WiMAX Modem models have all the fields shown here.Figure 94 WiMAX Profile The following table describes the labels in this screen.Set IntervalClick this to make the WiMAX Modem update the screen based on the amount of time you specified in Poll Interval.StopClick this to make the WiMAX Modem stop updating the screen.Table 98 VoIP Statistics LABEL DESCRIPTIONTable 99 The WiMAX Profile ScreenLABEL DESCRIPTIONUser NameThis is the username for your Internet access account. PasswordThis is the password for your Internet access account. The password displays as a row of asterisks for security purposes.Anonymous IdentityThis is the anonymous identity provided by your Internet Service Provider. Anonymous identity (also known as outer identity) is used with EAP-TTLS encryption.PKMThis field displays the Privacy Key Management version number. PKM provides security between the WiMAX Modem and the base station. See the WiMAX security appendix for more information.
Chapter 19The Status ScreenUser s Guide 21319.2.5 DHCP TableClick Status > DHCP Table to open this screen. This read-only screen shows the IP addresses, Host Names and MAC addresses of the devices currently connected to the WiMAX Modem. These settings can be configured in the ADVANCED > LAN Configuration > DHCP Setup screen.Figure 95 DHCP TableAuthenticationThis field displays the user authentication method. Authentication is the process of confirming the identity of a user (by means of a username and password, for example).EAP-TTLS allows an MS/SS and a base station to establish a secure link (or ‘tunnel’) with an AAA (Authentication, Authorization and Accounting) server in order to exchange authentication information. See the WiMAX security appendix for more details.TTLS Inner EAPThis field displays the type of secondary authentication method. Once a secure EAP-TTLS connection is established, the inner EAP is the protocol used to exchange security information between the mobile station, the base station and the AAA server to authenticate the mobile station. See the WiMAX security appendix for more details.The WiMAX Modem supports the following inner authentication types:•CHAP (Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol)•MSCHAP (Microsoft CHAP)•MSCHAPV2 (Microsoft CHAP version 2)•PAP (Password Authentication Protocol)CertificateThis is the security certificate the WiMAX Modem uses to authenticate the AAA server, if one is available.Table 99 The WiMAX Profile Screen (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTION
Chapter 19The Status ScreenUser s Guide214Each field is described in the following table.Table 100 DHCP TableLABEL DESCRIPTION#The number of the item in this list.IP AddressThis field displays the IP address the WiMAX Modem assigned to a computer in the network.Host NameThis field displays the system name of the computer to which the WiMAX Modem assigned the IP address.MAC AddressThis field displays the MAC address of the computer to which the WiMAX Modem assigned the IP address.RefreshClick this button to update the table data.
User s Guide 215CHAPTER 20TroubleshootingThis chapter offers some suggestions to solve problems you might encounter. The potential problems are divided into the following categories:•Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs•WiMAX Modem Access and Login•Internet Access•Phone Calls and VoIP•Reset the WiMAX Modem to Its Factory Defaults•Export a Certificate File20.1 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDsThe WiMAX Modem does not turn on. None of the LEDs turn on.1Make sure you are using the power adapter or cord included with the WiMAX Modem.2Make sure the power adapter or cord is connected to the WiMAX Modem and plugged in to an appropriate power source. Make sure the power source is turned on.3Disconnect and re-connect the power adapter or cord to the WiMAX Modem.4If the problem continues, contact the vendor.One of the LEDs does not behave as expected.
Chapter 20TroubleshootingUser s Guide2161Make sure you understand the normal behavior of the LED. See Section 1.2.1 on page 33 for more information.2Check the hardware connections. See the Quick Start Guide.3Inspect your cables for damage. Contact the vendor to replace any damaged cables.4Disconnect and re-connect the power adapter to the WiMAX Modem.5If the problem continues, contact the vendor.20.2 WiMAX Modem Access and LoginI forgot the IP address for the WiMAX Modem.1Refer to the UG cover for the default IP address.2If you changed the IP address and have forgotten it, you might get the IP address of the WiMAX Modem by looking up the IP address of the default gateway for your computer. To do this in most Windows computers, click Start > Run, enter cmd,and then enter ipconfig. The IP address of the Default Gateway might be the IP address of the WiMAX Modem (it depends on the network), so enter this IP address in your Internet browser.3If this does not work, you have to reset the WiMAX Modem to its factory defaults. See Section 20.1 on page 215.I forgot the password.1Refer to the UG cover for the default name and password for user and adminaccount.2If this does not work, you have to reset the WiMAX Modem to its factory defaults. See Section 9.5 on page 100.I cannot see or access the Login screen in the web configurator.
Chapter 20TroubleshootingUser s Guide 2171Make sure you are using the correct IP address.•Refer to the UG cover for the default IP address.•If you changed the IP address (Section 5.2 on page 54), use the new IP address.•If you changed the IP address and have forgotten it, see the troubleshooting suggestions for I forgot the IP address for the WiMAX Modem.2Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See the Quick Start Guide and Section 1.2.1 on page 33.3Make sure your Internet browser does not block pop-up windows and has JavaScript and Java enabled. See Appendix C on page 263.4If there is a DHCP server on your network, make sure your computer is using a dynamic IP address. Your WiMAX Modem is a DHCP server by default.If there is no DHCP server on your network, make sure your computer’s IP address is in the same subnet as the WiMAX Modem. See Appendix D on page 273.5Reset the WiMAX Modem to its factory defaults, and try to access the WiMAX Modem with the default IP address. See Section 9.6 on page 101.6If the problem continues, contact the network administrator or vendor, or try one of the advanced suggestions.Advanced Suggestions•Try to access the WiMAX Modem using another service, such as Telnet. If you can access the WiMAX Modem, check the remote management settings and firewall rules to find out why the WiMAX Modem does not respond to HTTP.•If your computer is connected wirelessly, use a computer that is connected to a LAN/ETHERNET port.I can see the Login screen, but I cannot log in to the WiMAX Modem.1Refer to the UG cover for the default name and password for user and adminaccount. The fields are case-sensitive, so make sure [Caps Lock] is not on.2You cannot log in to the web configurator while someone is using Telnet to access the WiMAX Modem. Log out of the WiMAX Modem in the other session, or ask the person who is logged in to log out.3Disconnect and re-connect the power adapter or cord to the WiMAX Modem.
Chapter 20TroubleshootingUser s Guide2184If this does not work, you have to reset the WiMAX Modem to its factory defaults. See Section 9.5 on page 100.I cannot telnet to the WiMAX Modem.See the troubleshooting suggestions for I cannot see or access the Login screen in the web configurator. Ignore the suggestions about your browser.20.3 Internet AccessI cannot access the Internet.1Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See the Quick Start Guide and Section 1.2.1 on page 33.2Make sure you entered your ISP account information correctly in the wizard. These fields are case-sensitive, so make sure [Caps Lock] is not on.3Check your security settings. In the web configurator, go to the Status screen. Click the WiMAX Profile link in the Summary box and make sure that you are using the correct security settings for your Internet account.4Check your WiMAX settings. The WiMAX Modem may have been set to search the wrong frequencies for a wireless connection. In the web configurator, go to the Status screen. Click the WiMAX Site Information link in the Summary box and ensure that the values are correct. If the values are incorrect, enter the correct frequency settings in the ADVANCED > WAN Configuration > WiMAX Configuration screen. If you are unsure of the correct values, contact your service provider.5If you are trying to access the Internet wirelessly, make sure the wireless settings in the wireless client are the same as the settings in the AP.6Disconnect all the cables from your WiMAX Modem, and follow the directions in the Quick Start Guide again.7If the problem continues, contact your ISP.
Chapter 20TroubleshootingUser s Guide 219I cannot access the Internet any more. I had access to the Internet (with the WiMAX Modem), but my Internet connection is not available any more.1Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as expected. See the Quick Start Guide and Section 1.2.1 on page 33.2Disconnect and re-connect the power adapter to the WiMAX Modem. 3If the problem continues, contact your ISP.The Internet connection is slow or intermittent.1The quality of the WiMAX Modem’s wireless connection to the base station may be poor. Poor signal reception may be improved by moving the WiMAX Modem away from thick walls and other obstructions, or to a higher floor in your building. 2There may be radio interference caused by nearby electrical devices such as microwave ovens and radio transmitters. Move the WiMAX Modem away or switch the other devices off. Weather conditions may also affect signal quality.3There might be a lot of traffic on the network. Look at the LEDs, and check Section 1.2.1 on page 33. If the WiMAX Modem is sending or receiving a lot of information, try closing some programs that use the Internet, especially peer-to-peer applications.4Disconnect and re-connect the power adapter to the WiMAX Modem.5If the problem continues, contact the network administrator or vendor, or try one of the advanced suggestions.The Internet connection disconnects.1Check your WiMAX link and signal strength using the WiMAX Link and StrengthIndicator LEDs on the device.2Contact your ISP if the problem persists.
Chapter 20TroubleshootingUser s Guide22020.4 Phone Calls and VoIPThe telephone port won t work or the telephone lacks a dial tone.1Check the telephone connections and telephone wire.2Make sure you have the VOICE > Service Configuration > SIP Settings screen properly configured (Chapter 10 on page 103).I can access the Internet, but cannot make VoIP calls.1Make sure you have the VOICE > Service Configuration > SIP Settings screen properly configured (Chapter 10 on page 103).2The VoIP LED should come on. Make sure that your telephone is connected to the VoIP port (see the Quick Start Guide for information on connecting telephone cables to the these ports).3You can also check the VoIP status in the Status screen. 4If the VoIP settings are correct, use speed dial to make peer-to-peer calls. If you cannot make a call using speed dial, there may be something wrong with the SIP server. Contact your VoIP service provider.Problems With Multiple SIP AccountsYou can set up two SIP accounts on your WiMAX Modem. By default your WiMAX Modem uses SIP account 1 for outgoing calls, and it uses SIP accounts 1 and 2 for incoming calls. With this setting, you always use SIP account 1 for your outgoing calls and you cannot distinguish which SIP account the calls are coming in through. If you want to control the use of different dialing plans for accounting purposes or other reasons, you need to configure your phone port in order to control which SIP account you are using when placing or receiving calls.
Chapter 20TroubleshootingUser s Guide 22120.5 Export a Certificate FileWhen I try to export a certificate file from the WiMAX Modem, the exporting process hangs.1You may encounter this issue if you are using Internet Explorer 8.2Make sure you have upgraded to Internet Explorer 8 standard version.3To resolve this, select Tool > SmartScreen Filter > Turn On SmartScreen Filter in your browser.Figure 96 Internet Explorer 8: Turn On Safety Filter4Select Turn off SmartScreen Filter and click OK. Export the certificate file again, you should be able to download the file now.Figure 97 Internet Explorer 8: Turn Off Safety Filter
Chapter 20TroubleshootingUser s Guide22220.6 Reset the WiMAX Modem to Its Factory DefaultsIf you reset the WiMAX Modem, you lose all of the changes you have made. The WiMAX Modem re-loads its default settings, and the password resets to default. You have to make all of your changes again.You will lose all of your changes when you push the Reset button.To reset the WiMAX Modem,1Make sure the Power LED is on and not blinking.2Press and hold the Reset button for five to ten seconds. Release the Reset button when the Power LED begins to blink. The default settings have been restored.If the WiMAX Modem restarts automatically, wait for the WiMAX Modem to finish restarting, and log in to the web configurator. The password is set to default.If the WiMAX Modem does not restart automatically, disconnect and reconnect the WiMAX Modem’s power. Then, follow the directions above again.20.6.1 Pop-up Windows, JavaScript and Java PermissionsPlease see Appendix C on page 263.
User s Guide 223CHAPTER 21Product SpecificationsThis chapter gives details about your WiMAX Modem’s hardware and firmware features. Table 101 Environmental and Hardware SpecificationsFEATUREDESCRIPTIONOperating Temperature0°C to 45°CStorage Temperature-25°C to 55°COperating Humidity10% to 90% (non-condensing)Storage Humidity 10% to 95% (non-condensing)Power Supply12V DC, 1.5APower Consumption18WEthernet InterfaceOne auto-negotiating, auto-MDI/MDI-X NWay 10/100 Mbps RJ-45 Ethernet portTelephony InterfaceOne analog ATA interfaces for standard telephones through RJ-11 FXS (Foreign Exchange Subscriber) analog connectorAntennas2 SMA external 5dBi WiMAX antennasWeight400gDimensions260mm (H) x 165mm (W) x 25mm (D)Safety Approvals EN 60950-1IEC 60950-1EMI Approvals EN 301489-1 v1.6.1EN 61000-3-2EN 61000-3-3EMS Approvals EN 301489-4 v1.3.1RF Approvals EN 302326Table 102 Radio SpecificationsFEATUREDESCRIPTIONMedia Access ProtocolIEEE 802.16eWiMAX Bandwidth5MHz, 10MHz
Chapter 21Product SpecificationsUser s Guide224Data RateDownload:Maximum 15 MbpsAverage 6 MbpsUpload:Maximum 5 MbpsModulationQPSK (uplink and downlink)16-QAM (uplink and downlink)64-QAM (downlink only)Output PowerTypically 26dBm with external antennaDuplex modeTime Division Duplex (TDD)SecurityPKMv2EAPCCMP, 128-bit AESTable 103 Firmware SpecificationsFEATUREDESCRIPTIONWeb-based Configuration and Management Tool Also known as “the web configurator”, this is a firmware-based management solution for the WiMAX Modem. You must connect using a compatible web browser in order to use it.High Speed Wireless Internet Access The WiMAX Modem is ideal for high-speed wireless Internet browsing. WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is a wireless networking standard providing high-bandwidth, wide-range secured wireless service. The WiMAX Modem is a WiMAX mobile station (MS) compatible with the IEEE 802.16e standard.FirewallThe WiMAX Modem is a stateful inspection firewall with DoS (Denial of Service) protection. By default, when the firewall is activated, all incoming traffic from the WAN to the LAN is blocked unless it is initiated from the LAN. The WiMAX Modem’s firewall supports TCP/UDP inspection, DoS detection and prevention, real time alerts, reports and logs.Content FilteringThe WiMAX Modem can block access to web sites containing specified keywords. You can define time periods and days during which content filtering is enabled and include or exclude a range of users on the LAN from content filtering.Network Address Translation (NAT) Network Address Translation (NAT) allows the translation of an Internet protocoladdress used within one network (for example a private IP address used in a local network) to a different IP address known withinanother network (for example a public IP address used on the Internet).Dynamic DNS SupportWith Dynamic DNS support, you can have a static hostname alias for a dynamic IP address, allowing the host to be more easily accessible from various locations on the Internet. You must register for this service with a Dynamic DNS service provider.Table 102 Radio Specifications (continued)
Chapter 21Product SpecificationsUser s Guide 225DHCPDHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) allows the individual clients (computers) to obtain the TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a centralized DHCP server. Your device has built-in DHCP server capability enabled by default. It can assign IP addresses, an IP default gateway and DNS servers to DHCP clients. IP AliasIP alias allows you to partition a physical network into logical networks over the same Ethernet interface. Your device supports three logical LAN interfaces via its single physical Ethernet interface with the your device itself as the gateway for each LAN network.Multiple SIP AccountsYou can configure multiple voice (SIP) accounts.SIP ALGYour device is a SIP Application Layer Gateway (ALG). It allows VoIP calls to pass through NAT for devices behind it (such as a SIP-based VoIP software application on a computer).Dynamic Jitter BufferThe built-in adaptive buffer helps to smooth out the variations in delay (jitter) for voice traffic (up to 60 ms). This helps ensure good voice quality for your conversations.Voice Activity Detection/Silence Suppression Voice Activity Detection (VAD) reduces the bandwidth that a call uses by not transmitting when you are not speaking. Comfort Noise GenerationYour device generates background noise to fill moments of silence when the other device in a call stops transmitting because the other party is not speaking (as total silence could easily be mistaken for a lost connection). Echo Cancellation You device supports G.168 of at least 24 ms.This an ITU-T standard for eliminating the echo caused by the sound of your voice reverberating in the telephone receiver while you talk.Time and DateGet the current time and date from an external server when you turn on your WiMAX Modem. You can also set the time manually.LoggingUse the WiMAX Modem’s logging feature to view connection history, surveillance logs, and error messages.CodecsEnhanced Variable Rate Codec (EVRC), G.711 (PCM -law and a-law), G.729a, and G.723.1 Fax SupportT.38 FAX relay (FAX over UDP). G.711 fax relay for fax calls and be able to renegotiate codec to G.711 if a fax call is detected.Ring TonesSupports different distinctive ring tones on each line. Call PrioritizationPrioritize VoIP traffic originating from the RJ-11 ports over any other traffic.Table 103 Firmware Specifications (continued)FEATUREDESCRIPTION
Chapter 21Product SpecificationsUser s Guide226Table 104 Standards Supported STANDARD DESCRIPTIONRFC 768User Datagram ProtocolRFC 791Internet Protocol v4RFC 792Internet Control Message ProtocolRFC 792Transmission Control ProtocolRFC 826Address Resolution ProtocolRFC 854Telnet ProtocolRFC 1349Type of Service ProtocolRFC 1706DNS NSAP Resource RecordsRFC 1889Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP)RFC 1890Real-time Transport Control Protocol (RTCP)RFC 2030Simple Network Time ProtocolRFC 2104HMAC: Keyed-Hashing for Message AuthenticationRFC 2131Dynamic Host Configuration ProtocolRFC 2401Security Architecture for the Internet ProtocolRFC 2409Internet Key ExchangeRFC 2475Architecture for Differentiated Services (Diffserv)RFC 2617Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Authentication: Basic and Digest Access Authentication RFC 2782A DNS RR for specifying the location of services (DNS SRV)RFC 2833Real-time Transport Protocol Payload for DTMF Digits, Telephony Tones and Telephony SignalsRFC 2976The SIP INFO MethodRFC 3261Session Initiation Protocol (SIP version 2)RFC 3262Reliability of Provisional Responses in the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP).RFC 3263Session Initiation Protocol (SIP): Locating SIP ServersRFC 3264An Offer/Answer Model with the Session Description Protocol (SDP)RFC 3265Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)-Specific Event NotificationRFC 3323A Privacy Mechanism for SIPRFC 3325Private Extensions to the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) for Asserted Identity within Trusted NetworksRFC 3550RTP - A Real Time Protocol for Real-Time Applications RFC 3581An Extension to the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) for Symmetric Response RoutingRFC 3611RTP Control Protocol Extended Reports (RTCP XR)-XRRFC 3715IP Sec/NAT CompatibilityRFC 3842A Message Summary and Message Waiting Indication Event Package for the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)
Chapter 21Product SpecificationsUser s Guide 227IEEE 802.310BASE5 10 Mbit/s (1.25 MB/s)IEEE 802.3u100BASE-TX, 100BASE-T4, 100BASE-FX Fast Ethernet at 100 Mbit/s (12.5 MB/s) with auto-negotiationTable 105 Voice FeaturesCall Park and Pickup Call park and pickup lets you put a call on hold (park) and then continue the call (pickup). The caller must still pay while the call is parked.When you park the call, you enter a number of your choice (up to eight digits), which you must enter again when you pick up the call. If you do not enter the correct number, you cannot pickup the call. This means that only someone who knows the number you have chosen can pick up the call. You can have more than one call on hold at the same time, but you must give each call a different number.Call ReturnWith call return, you can place a call to the last number that called you (either answered or missed). The last incoming call can be through either SIP or PSTN.Country CodePhone standards and settings differ from one country to another, so the settings on your WiMAX Modem must be configured to match those of the country you are in. The country code feature allows you to do this by selecting the country from a list rather than changing each setting manually. Configure the country code feature when you move the WiMAX Modem from one country to another.Do not Disturb (DnD) This feature allows you to set your phone not to ring when someone calls you. You can set each phone independently using its keypad, or configure global settings for all phones using the command line interpreter.Auto DialYou can set the WiMAX Modem to automatically dial a specified number immediately whenever you lift a phone off the hook. Use the Web Configurator to set the specified number. Use the command line interpreter to have the WiMAX Modem wait a specified length of time before dialing the number. Phone configThe phone configuration table allows you to customize the phone keypad combinations you use to access certain features on the WiMAX Modem, such as call waiting, call return, call forward, etc. The phone configuration table is configurable in command interpreter mode.Firmware update enable / disable If your service provider uses this feature, you hear a recorded message when you pick up the phone when new firmware is available for your WiMAX Modem. Enter *99# in your phone’s keypad to have the WiMAX Modem upgrade the firmware, or enter #99# to not upgrade. If your service provider gave you different numbers to use, enter them instead. If you enter the code to not upgrade, you can make a call as normal. You will hear the recording again each time you pick up the phone, until you upgrade. Table 104 Standards Supported (continued)STANDARD DESCRIPTION
Chapter 21Product SpecificationsUser s Guide228Call waitingThis feature allows you to hear an alert when you are already using the phone and another person calls you. You can then either reject the new incoming call, put your current call on hold and receive the new incoming call, or end the current call and receive the new incoming call.Call forwardingWith this feature, you can set the WiMAX Modem to forward calls to a specified number, either unconditionally (always), when your number is busy, or when you do not answer. You can also forward incoming calls from one specified number to another.Caller IDThe WiMAX Modem supports caller ID, which allows you to see the originating number of an incoming call (on a phone with a suitable display).RENA Ringer Equivalence Number (REN) is used to determine the number of devices (like telephones or fax machines) that may be connected to the telephone line. Your device has a REN of three, so it can support three devices per telephone port.QoS (Quality of Service) Quality of Service (QoS) mechanisms help to provide better service on a per-flow basis. Your device supports Type of Service (ToS) tagging and Differentiated Services (DiffServ) tagging. This allows the device to tag voice frames so they can be prioritized over the network.SIP ALGYour device is a SIP Application Layer Gateway (ALG). It allows VoIP calls to pass through NAT for devices behind it (such as a SIP-based VoIP software application on a computer). Other Voice Features SIP version 2 (Session Initiating Protocol RFC 3261)SDP (Session Description Protocol RFC 2327)RTP (RFC 1889)RTCP (RFC 1890)Voice codecs (coder/decoders) G.711, G.726, G.729Fax and data modem discriminationDTMF Detection and GenerationDTMF: In-band and Out-band traffic (RFC 2833),(PCM), (SIP INFO) Point-to-point call establishment between two IADs Quick dialing through predefined phone book, which maps the phone dialing number and destination URL.Flexible Dial Plan (RFC3525 section 7.1.14)Table 106 Star (*) and Pound (#) Code Support*0Wireless Operator Services*2Customer Care Access*66Repeat Dialing*67Plus the 10 digit phone number to block Caller ID on a single call basis*69Return last call receivedTable 105 Voice Features
Chapter 21Product SpecificationsUser s Guide 229Note: To take full advantage of the supplementary phone services available through the WiMAX Modem's phone port, you may need to subscribe to the services from your voice account service provider. Not all features are supported by all service providers. Consult your service provider for more information.*70Followed by the 10 digit phone number to cancel Call Waiting on a single call basis *72Activate Call Forwarding (*72 followed by the 10 digit phone number that is requesting call forwarding service)*720Activate Call Forwarding (*720 followed by the 10 digit phone number that is requesting deactivation of call forwarding service)*73Plus the forward to phone number to activate Call Forwarding No Answer (no VM service plan)*730Deactivate Call Forwarding No Answer *740Plus the forward to phone number to activate Call Forwarding Busy (no VM service plan)*911/911Emergency phone number (same as dialing 911)*411/411Wireless Information ServicesTable 106 Star (*) and Pound (#) Code Support
Chapter 21Product SpecificationsUser s Guide230
User s Guide 231APPENDIX A WiMAX SecurityWireless security is vital to protect your wireless communications. Without it, information transmitted over the wireless network would be accessible to any networking device within range.User Authentication and Data EncryptionThe WiMAX (IEEE 802.16) standard employs user authentication and encryption to ensure secured communication at all times.User authentication is the process of confirming a user’s identity and level of authorization. Data encryption is the process of encoding information so that it cannot be read by anyone who does not know the code. WiMAX uses PKMv2 (Privacy Key Management version 2) for authentication, and CCMP (Counter Mode with Cipher Block Chaining Message Authentication Protocol) for data encryption. WiMAX supports EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol, RFC 2486) which allows additional authentication methods to be deployed with no changes to the base station or the mobile or subscriber stations.PKMv2PKMv2 is a procedure that allows authentication of a mobile or subscriber station and negotiation of a public key to encrypt traffic between the MS/SS and the base station. PKMv2 uses standard EAP methods such as Transport Layer Security (EAP-TLS) or Tunneled TLS (EAP-TTLS) for secure communication. In cryptography, a ‘key’ is a piece of information, typically a string of random numbers and letters, that can be used to ‘lock’ (encrypt) or ‘unlock’ (decrypt) a message. Public key encryption uses key pairs, which consist of a public (freely available) key and a private (secret) key. The public key is used for encryption and the private key is used for decryption. You can decrypt a message only if you have the private key. Public key certificates (or ‘digital IDs’) allow users to verify each other’s identity.
Appendix AWiMAX SecurityUser s Guide232RADIUSRADIUS is based on a client-server model that supports authentication, authorization and accounting. The base station is the client and the server is the RADIUS server. The RADIUS server handles the following tasks:•Authentication Determines the identity of the users.•AuthorizationDetermines the network services available to authenticated users once they are connected to the network.•AccountingKeeps track of the client’s network activity. RADIUS is a simple package exchange in which your base station acts as a message relay between the MS/SS and the network RADIUS server. Types of RADIUS MessagesThe following types of RADIUS messages are exchanged between the base station and the RADIUS server for user authentication:•Access-RequestSent by an base station requesting authentication.•Access-RejectSent by a RADIUS server rejecting access.•Access-AcceptSent by a RADIUS server allowing access. •Access-ChallengeSent by a RADIUS server requesting more information in order to allow access. The base station sends a proper response from the user and then sends another Access-Request message. The following types of RADIUS messages are exchanged between the base station and the RADIUS server for user accounting:•Accounting-RequestSent by the base station requesting accounting.•Accounting-ResponseSent by the RADIUS server to indicate that it has started or stopped accounting. In order to ensure network security, the access point and the RADIUS server use a shared secret key, which is a password they both know. The key is not sent over
Appendix AWiMAX SecurityUser s Guide 233the network. In addition to the shared key, password information exchanged is also encrypted to protect the network from unauthorized access. DiameterDiameter (RFC 3588) is a type of AAA server that provides several improvements over RADIUS in efficiency, security, and support for roaming. Security AssociationThe set of information about user authentication and data encryption between two computers is known as a security association (SA). In a WiMAX network, the process of security association has three stages.•Authorization request and replyThe MS/SS presents its public certificate to the base station. The base station verifies the certificate and sends an authentication key (AK) to the MS/SS.•Key request and replyThe MS/SS requests a transport encryption key (TEK) which the base station generates and encrypts using the authentication key. •Encrypted trafficThe MS/SS decrypts the TEK (using the authentication key). Both stations can now securely encrypt and decrypt the data flow.CCMPAll traffic in a WiMAX network is encrypted using CCMP (Counter Mode with Cipher Block Chaining Message Authentication Protocol). CCMP is based on the 128-bit Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm. ‘Counter mode’ refers to the encryption of each block of plain text with an arbitrary number, known as the counter. This number changes each time a block of plain text is encrypted. Counter mode avoids the security weakness of repeated identical blocks of encrypted text that makes encrypted data vulnerable to pattern-spotting.‘Cipher Block Chaining Message Authentication’ (also known as CBC-MAC) ensures message integrity by encrypting each block of plain text in such a way that its encryption is dependent on the block before it. This series of ‘chained’ blocks creates a message authentication code (MAC or CMAC) that ensures the encrypted data has not been tampered with.
Appendix AWiMAX SecurityUser s Guide234AuthenticationThe WiMAX Modem supports EAP-TTLS authentication.EAP-TTLS (Tunneled Transport Layer Service) EAP-TTLS is an extension of the EAP-TLS authentication that uses certificates for only the server-side authentications to establish a secure connection (with EAP-TLS digital certifications are needed by both the server and the wireless clients for mutual authentication). Client authentication is then done by sending username and password through the secure connection, thus client identity is protected. For client authentication, EAP-TTLS supports EAP methods and legacy authentication methods such as PAP, CHAP, MS-CHAP and MS-CHAP v2.
User s Guide 235APPENDIX B Setting Up Your Computer’s IPAddressNote: Your specific device may not support all of the operating systems described in this appendix. See the product specifications for more information about which operating systems are supported.This appendix shows you how to configure the IP settings on your computer in order for it to be able to communicate with the other devices on your network. Windows Vista/XP/2000, Mac OS 9/OS X, and all versions of UNIX/LINUX include the software components you need to use TCP/IP on your computer. If you manually assign IP information instead of using a dynamic IP, make sure that your network’s computers have IP addresses that place them in the same subnet.In this appendix, you can set up an IP address for:•Windows XP/NT/2000 on page236•Windows Vista on page239•Mac OS X: 10.3 and 10.4 on page243•Mac OS X: 10.5 on page247•Linux: Ubuntu 8 (GNOME) on page 250•Linux: openSUSE 10.3 (KDE) on page256
Appendix BSetting Up Your Computer s IP AddressUser s Guide236Windows XP/NT/2000The following example uses the default Windows XP display theme but can also apply to Windows 2000 and Windows NT.1Click Start >Control Panel.Figure 98 Windows XP: Start Menu2In the Control Panel, click the Network Connections icon.Figure 99 Windows XP: Control Panel
Appendix BSetting Up Your Computer s IP AddressUser s Guide 2373Right-click Local Area Connection and then select Properties.Figure 100 Windows XP: Control Panel > Network Connections > Properties4On the General tab, select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and then click Properties.Figure 101 Windows XP: Local Area Connection Properties
Appendix BSetting Up Your Computer s IP AddressUser s Guide2385The Internet Protocol TCP/IP Properties window opens.Figure 102 Windows XP: Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties6Select Obtain an IP address automatically if your network administrator or ISP assigns your IP address dynamically.Select Use the following IP Address and fill in the IP address,Subnet mask,and Default gateway fields if you have a static IP address that was assigned to you by your network administrator or ISP. You may also have to enter a Preferred DNS server and an AlternateDNS server, if that information was provided.7Click OK to close the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window.Click OK to close the Local Area Connection Properties window.Verifying Settings1Click Start > All Programs > Accessories > Command Prompt.2In the Command Prompt window, type "ipconfig" and then press [ENTER]. You can also go to Start > Control Panel > Network Connections, right-click a network connection, click Status and then click the Support tab to view your IP address and connection information.
Appendix BSetting Up Your Computer s IP AddressUser s Guide 239Windows VistaThis section shows screens from Windows Vista Professional.1Click Start > Control Panel.Figure 103 Windows Vista: Start Menu2In the Control Panel, click the Network and Internet icon.Figure 104 Windows Vista: Control Panel3Click the Network and Sharing Center icon.Figure 105 Windows Vista: Network And Internet
Appendix BSetting Up Your Computer s IP AddressUser s Guide2404Click Manage network connections.Figure 106 Windows Vista: Network and Sharing Center5Right-click Local Area Connection and then select Properties.Figure 107 Windows Vista: Network and Sharing CenterNote: During this procedure, click Continue whenever Windows displays a screen saying that it needs your permission to continue.
Appendix BSetting Up Your Computer s IP AddressUser s Guide 2416Select Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) and then select Properties.Figure 108 Windows Vista: Local Area Connection Properties
Appendix BSetting Up Your Computer s IP AddressUser s Guide2427The Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties window opens.Figure 109 Windows Vista: Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties8Select Obtain an IP address automatically if your network administrator or ISP assigns your IP address dynamically.Select Use the following IP Address and fill in the IP address,Subnet mask,and Default gateway fields if you have a static IP address that was assigned to you by your network administrator or ISP. You may also have to enter a Preferred DNS server and an AlternateDNS server, if that information was provided.Click Advanced.9Click OK to close the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window.Click OK to close the Local Area Connection Properties window.Verifying Settings1Click Start > All Programs > Accessories > Command Prompt.2In the Command Prompt window, type "ipconfig" and then press [ENTER]. You can also go to Start > Control Panel > Network Connections, right-click a network connection, click Status and then click the Support tab to view your IP address and connection information.
Appendix BSetting Up Your Computer s IP AddressUser s Guide 243Mac OS X: 10.3 and 10.4The screens in this section are from Mac OS X 10.4 but can also apply to 10.3.1Click Apple > System Preferences.Figure 110 Mac OS X 10.4: Apple Menu2In the System Preferences window, click the Network icon.Figure 111 Mac OS X 10.4: System Preferences
Appendix BSetting Up Your Computer s IP AddressUser s Guide2443When the Network preferences pane opens, select Built-in Ethernet from the network connection type list, and then click Configure.Figure 112 Mac OS X 10.4: Network Preferences4For dynamically assigned settings, select Using DHCP from the Configure IPv4list in the TCP/IP tab.Figure 113 Mac OS X 10.4: Network Preferences > TCP/IP Tab.
Appendix BSetting Up Your Computer s IP AddressUser s Guide 2455For statically assigned settings, do the following:•From the Configure IPv4 list, select Manually.•In the IP Address field, type your IP address.•In the Subnet Mask field, type your subnet mask.•In the Router field, type the IP address of your device.Figure 114 Mac OS X 10.4: Network Preferences > Ethernet
Appendix BSetting Up Your Computer s IP AddressUser s Guide246Click Apply Now and close the window.Verifying SettingsCheck your TCP/IP properties by clicking Applications > Utilities > Network Utilities, and then selecting the appropriate Network Interface from the Infotab.Figure 115 Mac OS X 10.4: Network Utility
Appendix BSetting Up Your Computer s IP AddressUser s Guide 247Mac OS X: 10.5The screens in this section are from Mac OS X 10.5.1Click Apple > System Preferences.Figure 116 Mac OS X 10.5: Apple Menu2In System Preferences, click the Network icon.Figure 117 Mac OS X 10.5: Systems Preferences
Appendix BSetting Up Your Computer s IP AddressUser s Guide2483When the Network preferences pane opens, select Ethernet from the list of available connection types.Figure 118 Mac OS X 10.5: Network Preferences > Ethernet4From the Configure list, select Using DHCP for dynamically assigned settings.5For statically assigned settings, do the following:•From the Configure list, select Manually.•In the IP Address field, enter your IP address.•In the Subnet Mask field, enter your subnet mask.
Appendix BSetting Up Your Computer s IP AddressUser s Guide 249•In the Router field, enter the IP address of your WiMAX Modem.Figure 119 Mac OS X 10.5: Network Preferences > Ethernet6Click Apply and close the window.
Appendix BSetting Up Your Computer s IP AddressUser s Guide250Verifying SettingsCheck your TCP/IP properties by clicking Applications > Utilities > Network Utilities, and then selecting the appropriate Network interface from the Infotab.Figure 120 Mac OS X 10.5: Network UtilityLinux: Ubuntu 8 (GNOME)This section shows you how to configure your computer’s TCP/IP settings in the GNU Object Model Environment (GNOME) using the Ubuntu 8 Linux distribution. The procedure, screens and file locations may vary depending on your specific distribution, release version, and individual configuration. The following screens use the default Ubuntu 8 installation.Note: Make sure you are logged in as the root administrator. Follow the steps below to configure your computer IP address in GNOME:
Appendix BSetting Up Your Computer s IP AddressUser s Guide 2511Click System > Administration > Network.Figure 121 Ubuntu 8: System > Administration Menu2When the Network Settings window opens, click Unlock to open the Authenticate window. (By default, the Unlock button is greyed out until clicked.) You cannot make changes to your configuration unless you first enter your admin password.Figure 122 Ubuntu 8: Network Settings > Connections
Appendix BSetting Up Your Computer s IP AddressUser s Guide2523In the Authenticate window, enter your admin account name and password then click the Authenticate button.Figure 123 Ubuntu 8: Administrator Account Authentication4In the Network Settings window, select the connection that you want to configure, then click Properties.Figure 124 Ubuntu 8: Network Settings > Connections
Appendix BSetting Up Your Computer s IP AddressUser s Guide 2535The Properties dialog box opens.Figure 125 Ubuntu 8: Network Settings > Properties•In the Configuration list, select Automatic Configuration (DHCP) if you have a dynamic IP address.•In the Configuration list, select Static IP address if you have a static IP address. Fill in the IP address,Subnet mask, and Gateway address fields. 6Click OK to save the changes and close the Properties dialog box and return to the Network Settings screen.
Appendix BSetting Up Your Computer s IP AddressUser s Guide2547If you know your DNS server IP address(es), click the DNS tab in the Network Settings window and then enter the DNS server information in the fields provided. Figure 126 Ubuntu 8: Network Settings > DNS 8Click the Close button to apply the changes.Verifying SettingsCheck your TCP/IP properties by clicking System > Administration > Network Tools, and then selecting the appropriate Network device from the Devices
Appendix BSetting Up Your Computer s IP AddressUser s Guide 255tab. The Interface Statistics column shows data if your connection is working properly.Figure 127 Ubuntu 8: Network Tools
Appendix BSetting Up Your Computer s IP AddressUser s Guide256Linux: openSUSE 10.3 (KDE)This section shows you how to configure your computer’s TCP/IP settings in the K Desktop Environment (KDE) using the openSUSE 10.3 Linux distribution. The procedure, screens and file locations may vary depending on your specific distribution, release version, and individual configuration. The following screens use the default openSUSE 10.3 installation.Note: Make sure you are logged in as the root administrator. Follow the steps below to configure your computer IP address in the KDE:1Click K Menu > Computer > Administrator Settings (YaST).Figure 128 openSUSE 10.3: K Menu > Computer Menu
Appendix BSetting Up Your Computer s IP AddressUser s Guide 2572When the Run as Root - KDE su dialog opens, enter the admin password and click OK.Figure 129 openSUSE 10.3: K Menu > Computer Menu3When the YaST Control Center window opens, select Network Devices and then click the Network Card icon.Figure 130 openSUSE 10.3: YaST Control Center
Appendix BSetting Up Your Computer s IP AddressUser s Guide2584When the Network Settings window opens, click the Overview tab, select the appropriate connection Name from the list, and then click the Configure button. Figure 131 openSUSE 10.3: Network Settings
Appendix BSetting Up Your Computer s IP AddressUser s Guide 2595When the Network Card Setup window opens, click the Address tabFigure 132 openSUSE 10.3: Network Card Setup6Select Dynamic Address (DHCP) if you have a dynamic IP address.Select Statically assigned IP Address if you have a static IP address. Fill in the IP address,Subnet mask, and Hostname fields.7Click Next to save the changes and close the Network Card Setup window.
Appendix BSetting Up Your Computer s IP AddressUser s Guide2608If you know your DNS server IP address(es), click the Hostname/DNS tab in Network Settings and then enter the DNS server information in the fields provided.Figure 133 openSUSE 10.3: Network Settings9Click Finish to save your settings and close the window.
Appendix BSetting Up Your Computer s IP AddressUser s Guide 261Verifying SettingsClick the KNetwork Manager icon on the Task bar to check your TCP/IP properties. From the Options sub-menu, select Show Connection Information.Figure 134 openSUSE 10.3: KNetwork ManagerWhen the Connection Status - KNetwork Manager window opens, click the Statistics tab to see if your connection is working properly.Figure 135 openSUSE: Connection Status - KNetwork Manager
Appendix BSetting Up Your Computer s IP AddressUser s Guide262
User s Guide 263APPENDIX C Pop-up Windows, JavaScriptand Java PermissionsIn order to use the web configurator you need to allow:•Web browser pop-up windows from your device.•JavaScript (enabled by default).•Java permissions (enabled by default).Note: Internet Explorer 6 screens are used here. Screens for other Internet Explorer versions may vary.Internet Explorer Pop-up BlockersYou may have to disable pop-up blocking to log into your device. Either disable pop-up blocking (enabled by default in Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2) or allow pop-up blocking and create an exception for your device’s IP address.Disable Pop-up Blockers1In Internet Explorer, select Tools,Pop-up Blocker and then select Turn Off Pop-up Blocker.Figure 136 Pop-up BlockerYou can also check if pop-up blocking is disabled in the Pop-up Blocker section in the Privacy tab.
Appendix CPop-up Windows, JavaScript and Java PermissionsUser s Guide2641In Internet Explorer, select Tools,Internet Options,Privacy.2Clear the Block pop-ups check box in the Pop-up Blocker section of the screen. This disables any web pop-up blockers you may have enabled. Figure 137 Internet Options: Privacy3Click Apply to save this setting.Enable Pop-up Blockers with ExceptionsAlternatively, if you only want to allow pop-up windows from your device, see the following steps.1In Internet Explorer, select Tools,Internet Options and then the Privacy tab.
Appendix CPop-up Windows, JavaScript and Java PermissionsUser s Guide 2652Select Settings…to open the Pop-up Blocker Settings screen.Figure 138 Internet Options: Privacy3Type the IP address of your device (the web page that you do not want to have blocked) with the prefix “http://”. For example, http://192.168.167.1.
Appendix CPop-up Windows, JavaScript and Java PermissionsUser s Guide2664Click Add to move the IP address to the list of Allowed sites.Figure 139 Pop-up Blocker Settings5Click Close to return to the Privacy screen. 6Click Apply to save this setting. JavaScriptIf pages of the web configurator do not display properly in Internet Explorer, check that JavaScript are allowed.
Appendix CPop-up Windows, JavaScript and Java PermissionsUser s Guide 2671In Internet Explorer, click Tools,Internet Options and then the Security tab. Figure 140 Internet Options: Security 2Click the Custom Level... button. 3Scroll down to Scripting.4Under Active scripting make sure that Enable is selected (the default).5Under Scripting of Java applets make sure that Enable is selected (the default).
Appendix CPop-up Windows, JavaScript and Java PermissionsUser s Guide2686Click OK to close the window.Figure 141 Security Settings - Java ScriptingJava Permissions1From Internet Explorer, click Tools,Internet Options and then the Securitytab. 2Click the Custom Level... button. 3Scroll down to Microsoft VM.4Under Java permissions make sure that a safety level is selected.
Appendix CPop-up Windows, JavaScript and Java PermissionsUser s Guide 2695Click OK to close the window.Figure 142 Security Settings - Java JAVA (Sun)1From Internet Explorer, click Tools,Internet Options and then the Advancedtab. 2Make sure that Use Java 2 for <applet> under Java (Sun) is selected.
Appendix CPop-up Windows, JavaScript and Java PermissionsUser s Guide2703Click OK to close the window.Figure 143 Java (Sun)Mozilla FirefoxMozilla Firefox 2.0 screens are used here. Screens for other versions may vary. You can enable Java, Javascript and pop-ups in one screen. Click Tools, then click Options in the screen that appears.Figure 144 Mozilla Firefox: TOOLS > Options
Appendix CPop-up Windows, JavaScript and Java PermissionsUser s Guide 271Click Content.to show the screen below. Select the check boxes as shown in the following screen.Figure 145 Mozilla Firefox Content Security
Appendix CPop-up Windows, JavaScript and Java PermissionsUser s Guide272
User s Guide 273APPENDIX D IP Addresses and SubnettingThis appendix introduces IP addresses and subnet masks. IP addresses identify individual devices on a network. Every networking device (including computers, servers, routers, printers, etc.) needs an IP address to communicate across the network. These networking devices are also known as hosts.Subnet masks determine the maximum number of possible hosts on a network. You can also use subnet masks to divide one network into multiple sub-networks.Introduction to IP AddressesOne part of the IP address is the network number, and the other part is the host ID. In the same way that houses on a street share a common street name, the hosts on a network share a common network number. Similarly, as each house has its own house number, each host on the network has its own unique identifying number - the host ID. Routers use the network number to send packets to the correct network, while the host ID determines to which host on the network the packets are delivered.StructureAn IP address is made up of four parts, written in dotted decimal notation (for example, 192.168.1.1). Each of these four parts is known as an octet. An octet is an eight-digit binary number (for example 11000000, which is 192 in decimal notation). Therefore, each octet has a possible range of 00000000 to 11111111 in binary, or 0 to 255 in decimal.
Appendix DIP Addresses and SubnettingUser s Guide274The following figure shows an example IP address in which the first three octets (192.168.1) are the network number, and the fourth octet (16) is the host ID.Figure 146 Network Number and Host IDHow much of the IP address is the network number and how much is the host ID varies according to the subnet mask. Subnet MasksA subnet mask is used to determine which bits are part of the network number, and which bits are part of the host ID (using a logical AND operation). The term “subnet” is short for “sub-network”.A subnet mask has 32 bits. If a bit in the subnet mask is a “1” then the corresponding bit in the IP address is part of the network number. If a bit in the subnet mask is “0” then the corresponding bit in the IP address is part of the host ID. The following example shows a subnet mask identifying the network number (in bold text) and host ID of an IP address (192.168.1.2 in decimal).Table 107 IP Address Network Number and Host ID Example1STOCTET:(192)2NDOCTET:(168)3RDOCTET:(1)4TH OCTET(2)IP Address (Binary)11000000101010000000000100000010Subnet Mask (Binary) 111111111111111111111111 00000000Network Number 110000001010100000000001Host ID00000010
Appendix DIP Addresses and SubnettingUser s Guide 275By convention, subnet masks always consist of a continuous sequence of ones beginning from the leftmost bit of the mask, followed by a continuous sequence of zeros, for a total number of 32 bits.Subnet masks can be referred to by the size of the network number part (the bits with a “1” value). For example, an “8-bit mask” means that the first 8 bits of the mask are ones and the remaining 24 bits are zeroes.Subnet masks are expressed in dotted decimal notation just like IP addresses. The following examples show the binary and decimal notation for 8-bit, 16-bit, 24-bit and 29-bit subnet masks. Network SizeThe size of the network number determines the maximum number of possible hosts you can have on your network. The larger the number of network number bits, the smaller the number of remaining host ID bits. An IP address with host IDs of all zeros is the IP address of the network (192.168.1.0 with a 24-bit subnet mask, for example). An IP address with host IDs of all ones is the broadcast address for that network (192.168.1.255 with a 24-bit subnet mask, for example).As these two IP addresses cannot be used for individual hosts, calculate the maximum number of possible hosts in a network as follows:Table 108 Subnet MasksBINARYDECIMAL1STOCTET2NDOCTET3RDOCTET4THOCTET8-bit mask 11111111 00000000 00000000 00000000 255.0.0.016-bitmask 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000 255.255.0.024-bitmask 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000 255.255.255.029-bitmask 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111000 255.255.255.248Table 109 Maximum Host NumbersSUBNET MASK HOST ID SIZE MAXIMUM NUMBER OF HOSTS8 bits255.0.0.024 bits224 – 21677721416 bits255.255.0.016 bits216 – 26553424 bits255.255.255.08 bits28 – 225429 bits255.255.255.248 3 bits23 – 26
Appendix DIP Addresses and SubnettingUser s Guide276NotationSince the mask is always a continuous number of ones beginning from the left, followed by a continuous number of zeros for the remainder of the 32 bit mask, you can simply specify the number of ones instead of writing the value of each octet. This is usually specified by writing a “/” followed by the number of bits in the mask after the address. For example, 192.1.1.0 /25 is equivalent to saying 192.1.1.0 with subnet mask 255.255.255.128. The following table shows some possible subnet masks using both notations. SubnettingYou can use subnetting to divide one network into multiple sub-networks. In the following example a network administrator creates two sub-networks to isolate a group of servers from the rest of the company network for security reasons.In this example, the company network address is 192.168.1.0. The first three octets of the address (192.168.1) are the network number, and the remaining octet is the host ID, allowing a maximum of 28 – 2 or 254 possible hosts.Table 110 Alternative Subnet Mask NotationSUBNET MASKALTERNATIVE NOTATIONLAST OCTET (BINARY)LAST OCTET (DECIMAL)255.255.255.0 /24 0000 0000 0255.255.255.128/25 1000 0000 128255.255.255.192/26 1100 0000 192255.255.255.224/27 1110 0000 224255.255.255.240/28 1111 0000 240255.255.255.248/29 1111 1000 248255.255.255.252/30 1111 1100 252
Appendix DIP Addresses and SubnettingUser s Guide 277The following figure shows the company network before subnetting. Figure 147 Subnetting Example: Before SubnettingYou can “borrow” one of the host ID bits to divide the network 192.168.1.0 into two separate sub-networks. The subnet mask is now 25 bits (255.255.255.128 or /25).The “borrowed” host ID bit can have a value of either 0 or 1, allowing two subnets; 192.168.1.0 /25 and 192.168.1.128 /25.
Appendix DIP Addresses and SubnettingUser s Guide278The following figure shows the company network after subnetting. There are now two sub-networks, A and B.Figure 148 Subnetting Example: After SubnettingIn a 25-bit subnet the host ID has 7 bits, so each sub-network has a maximum of 27 – 2 or 126 possible hosts (a host ID of all zeroes is the subnet’s address itself, all ones is the subnet’s broadcast address).192.168.1.0 with mask 255.255.255.128 is subnet A itself, and 192.168.1.127 with mask 255.255.255.128 is its broadcast address. Therefore, the lowest IP address that can be assigned to an actual host for subnet A is 192.168.1.1 and the highest is 192.168.1.126. Similarly, the host ID range for subnet B is 192.168.1.129 to 192.168.1.254.Example: Four Subnets The previous example illustrated using a 25-bit subnet mask to divide a 24-bit address into two subnets. Similarly, to divide a 24-bit address into four subnets, you need to “borrow” two host ID bits to give four possible combinations (00, 01, 10 and 11). The subnet mask is 26 bits (11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000) or 255.255.255.192.
Appendix DIP Addresses and SubnettingUser s Guide 279Each subnet contains 6 host ID bits, giving 26 - 2 or 62 hosts for each subnet (a host ID of all zeroes is the subnet itself, all ones is the subnet’s broadcast address). Table 111 Subnet 1IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER LAST OCTET BIT VALUEIP Address (Decimal) 192.168.1. 0IP Address (Binary) 11000000.10101000.00000001. 00000000Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111.11111111.11111111. 11000000Subnet Address: 192.168.1.0 Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.1Broadcast Address: 192.168.1.63 Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.62Table 112 Subnet 2IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER LAST OCTET BIT VALUEIP Address 192.168.1. 64IP Address (Binary) 11000000.10101000.00000001. 01000000Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111.11111111.11111111. 11000000Subnet Address: 192.168.1.64 Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.65Broadcast Address: 192.168.1.127 Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.126Table 113 Subnet 3IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER LAST OCTET BIT VALUEIP Address 192.168.1. 128IP Address (Binary) 11000000.10101000.00000001. 10000000Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111.11111111.11111111. 11000000Subnet Address: 192.168.1.128 Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.129Broadcast Address: 192.168.1.191 Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.190Table 114 Subnet 4IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER LAST OCTET BIT VALUEIP Address 192.168.1. 192IP Address (Binary) 11000000.10101000.00000001.11000000Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000
Appendix DIP Addresses and SubnettingUser s Guide280Example: Eight SubnetsSimilarly, use a 27-bit mask to create eight subnets (000, 001, 010, 011, 100, 101, 110 and 111). The following table shows IP address last octet values for each subnet.Subnet PlanningThe following table is a summary for subnet planning on a network with a 24-bit network number.Subnet Address: 192.168.1.192 Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.193Broadcast Address: 192.168.1.255 Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.254Table 114 Subnet 4 (continued)IP/SUBNET MASK NETWORK NUMBER LAST OCTET BIT VALUETable 115 Eight SubnetsSUBNET SUBNET ADDRESS FIRST ADDRESS LAST ADDRESSBROADCAST ADDRESS10130 312 32 33 62 633 64 65 94 954 96 97 126 1275 128 129 158 1596 160 161 190 1917 192 193 222 2238 224 225 254 255Table 116 24-bit Network Number Subnet PlanningNO. “BORROWED” HOST BITS SUBNET MASK NO. SUBNETS NO. HOSTS PER SUBNET1255.255.255.128 (/25) 2 1262 255.255.255.192 (/26) 4 623 255.255.255.224 (/27) 8 304 255.255.255.240 (/28) 16 145 255.255.255.248 (/29) 32 66 255.255.255.252 (/30) 64 27 255.255.255.254 (/31) 128 1
Appendix DIP Addresses and SubnettingUser s Guide 281The following table is a summary for subnet planning on a network with a 16-bit network number. Configuring IP AddressesWhere you obtain your network number depends on your particular situation. If the ISP or your network administrator assigns you a block of registered IP addresses, follow their instructions in selecting the IP addresses and the subnet mask.If the ISP did not explicitly give you an IP network number, then most likely you have a single user account and the ISP will assign you a dynamic IP address when the connection is established. If this is the case, it is recommended that you select a network number from 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.0. The Internet Assigned Number Authority (IANA) reserved this block of addresses specifically for private use; please do not use any other number unless you are told otherwise. You must also enable Network Address Translation (NAT) on the WiMAX Modem. Once you have decided on the network number, pick an IP address for your WiMAX Modem that is easy to remember (for instance, 192.168.1.1) but make sure that no other device on your network is using that IP address.The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your WiMAX Modem will compute the subnet mask automatically based on the IP Table 117 16-bit Network Number Subnet PlanningNO. “BORROWED” HOST BITS SUBNET MASK NO. SUBNETS NO. HOSTS PER SUBNET1255.255.128.0 (/17) 2 327662 255.255.192.0 (/18) 4 163823 255.255.224.0 (/19) 8 81904255.255.240.0 (/20) 16 40945255.255.248.0 (/21) 32 20466255.255.252.0 (/22) 64 10227255.255.254.0 (/23) 128 5108 255.255.255.0 (/24) 256 2549 255.255.255.128 (/25) 512 12610 255.255.255.192 (/26) 1024 6211 255.255.255.224 (/27) 2048 3012 255.255.255.240 (/28) 4096 1413 255.255.255.248 (/29) 8192 614 255.255.255.252 (/30) 16384 215 255.255.255.254 (/31) 32768 1
Appendix DIP Addresses and SubnettingUser s Guide282address that you entered. You don't need to change the subnet mask computed by the WiMAX Modem unless you are instructed to do otherwise.Private IP AddressesEvery machine on the Internet must have a unique address. If your networks are isolated from the Internet (running only between two branch offices, for example) you can assign any IP addresses to the hosts without problems. However, the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) has reserved the following three blocks of IP addresses specifically for private networks:•10.0.0.0 — 10.255.255.255•172.16.0.0 — 172.31.255.255•192.168.0.0 — 192.168.255.255You can obtain your IP address from the IANA, from an ISP, or it can be assigned from a private network. If you belong to a small organization and your Internet access is through an ISP, the ISP can provide you with the Internet addresses for your local networks. On the other hand, if you are part of a much larger organization, you should consult your network administrator for the appropriate IP addresses.Regardless of your particular situation, do not create an arbitrary IP address; always follow the guidelines above. For more information on address assignment, please refer to RFC 1597, Address Allocation for Private Internets and RFC 1466, Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space.IP Address ConflictsEach device on a network must have a unique IP address. Devices with duplicate IP addresses on the same network will not be able to access the Internet or other resources. The devices may also be unreachable through the network. Conflicting Computer IP Addresses ExampleMore than one device can not use the same IP address. In the following example computer Ahas a static (or fixed) IP address that is the same as the IP address that a DHCP server assigns to computer B which is a DHCP client. Neither can access the Internet. This problem can be solved by assigning a different static IP
Appendix DIP Addresses and SubnettingUser s Guide 283address to computer A or setting computer A to obtain an IP address automatically. Figure 149 Conflicting Computer IP Addresses ExampleConflicting Router IP Addresses ExampleSince a router connects different networks, it must have interfaces using different network numbers. For example, if a router is set between a LAN and the Internet (WAN), the router’s LAN and WAN addresses must be on different subnets. In the following example, the LAN and WAN are on the same subnet. The LAN computers cannot access the Internet because the router cannot route between networks.Figure 150 Conflicting Computer IP Addresses ExampleConflicting Computer and Router IP Addresses ExampleMore than one device can not use the same IP address. In the following example, the computer and the router’s LAN port both use 192.168.1.1 as the IP address.
Appendix DIP Addresses and SubnettingUser s Guide284The computer cannot access the Internet. This problem can be solved by assigning a different IP address to the computer or the router’s LAN port. Figure 151 Conflicting Computer and Router IP Addresses Example
User s Guide 285APPENDIX E Importing CertificatesThis appendix shows you how to import public key certificates into your web browser. Public key certificates are used by web browsers to ensure that a secure web site is legitimate. When a certificate authority such as VeriSign, Comodo, or Network Solutions, to name a few, receives a certificate request from a website operator, they confirm that the web domain and contact information in the request match those on public record with a domain name registrar. If they match, then the certificate is issued to the website operator, who then places it on the site to be issued to all visiting web browsers to let them know that the site is legitimate.Many products issue their own public key certificates. These can be used by web browsers on a LAN or WAN to verify that they are in fact connecting to the legitimate device and not one masquerading as it. However, because the certificates were not issued by one of the several organizations officially recognized by the most common web browsers, you will need to import the certificate into your web browser and flag that certificate as a trusted authority.Note: You can see if you are browsing on a secure website if the URL in your web browser s address bar begins with https:// or there is a sealed padlock icon () somewhere in the main browser window (not all browsers show the padlock in the same location.)In this appendix, you can import a public key certificate for:•Internet Explorer on page 286•Firefox on page 296•Opera on page 302•Konqueror on page 310
Appendix EImporting CertificatesUser s Guide286Internet ExplorerThe following example uses Microsoft Internet Explorer 7 on Windows XP Professional; however, they can also apply to Internet Explorer on Windows Vista.1If your device’s web configurator is set to use SSL certification, then the first time you browse to it you are presented with a certification error.Figure 152 Internet Explorer 7: Certification Error2Click Continue to this website (not recommended).Figure 153 Internet Explorer 7: Certification Error
Appendix EImporting CertificatesUser s Guide 2873In the Address Bar, click Certificate Error > View certificates.Figure 154 Internet Explorer 7: Certificate Error4In the Certificate dialog box, click Install Certificate.Figure 155 Internet Explorer 7: Certificate
Appendix EImporting CertificatesUser s Guide2885In the Certificate Import Wizard, click Next.Figure 156 Internet Explorer 7: Certificate Import Wizard6If you want Internet Explorer to Automatically select certificate store based on the type of certificate, click Next again and then go to step 9.Figure 157 Internet Explorer 7: Certificate Import Wizard
Appendix EImporting CertificatesUser s Guide 2897Otherwise, select Place all certificates in the following store and then click Browse.Figure 158 Internet Explorer 7: Certificate Import Wizard8In the Select Certificate Store dialog box, choose a location in which to save the certificate and then click OK.Figure 159 Internet Explorer 7: Select Certificate Store
Appendix EImporting CertificatesUser s Guide2909In the Completing the Certificate Import Wizard screen, click Finish.Figure 160 Internet Explorer 7: Certificate Import Wizard10 If you are presented with another Security Warning, click Yes.Figure 161 Internet Explorer 7: Security Warning
Appendix EImporting CertificatesUser s Guide 29111 Finally, click OK when presented with the successful certificate installation message.Figure 162 Internet Explorer 7: Certificate Import Wizard12 The next time you start Internet Explorer and go to a web configurator page, a sealed padlock icon appears in the address bar. Click it to view the page’s Website Identification information.Figure 163 Internet Explorer 7: Website Identification
Appendix EImporting CertificatesUser s Guide292Installing a Stand-Alone Certificate File in Internet ExplorerRather than browsing to a web configurator and installing a public key certificate when prompted, you can install a stand-alone certificate file if one has been issued to you.1Double-click the public key certificate file.Figure 164 Internet Explorer 7: Public Key Certificate File2In the security warning dialog box, click Open.Figure 165 Internet Explorer 7: Open File - Security Warning3Refer to steps 4-12 in the Internet Explorer procedure beginning on page286 to complete the installation process.
Appendix EImporting CertificatesUser s Guide 293Removing a Certificate in Internet ExplorerThis section shows you how to remove a public key certificate in Internet Explorer 7.1Open Internet Explorer and click TOOLS >Internet Options.Figure 166 Internet Explorer 7: Tools Menu2In the Internet Options dialog box, click Content >Certificates.Figure 167 Internet Explorer 7: Internet Options
Appendix EImporting CertificatesUser s Guide2943In the Certificates dialog box, click the Trusted Root Certificates Authoritiestab, select the certificate that you want to delete, and then click Remove.Figure 168 Internet Explorer 7: Certificates4In the Certificates confirmation, click Yes.Figure 169 Internet Explorer 7: Certificates5In the Root Certificate Store dialog box, click Yes.Figure 170 Internet Explorer 7: Root Certificate Store
Appendix EImporting CertificatesUser s Guide 2956The next time you go to the web site that issued the public key certificate you just removed, a certification error appears.
Appendix EImporting CertificatesUser s Guide296FirefoxThe following example uses Mozilla Firefox 2 on Windows XP Professional; however, the screens can also apply to Firefox 2 on all platforms.1If your device’s web configurator is set to use SSL certification, then the first time you browse to it you are presented with a certification error.2Select Accept this certificate permanently and click OK.Figure 171 Firefox 2: Website Certified by an Unknown Authority
Appendix EImporting CertificatesUser s Guide 2973The certificate is stored and you can now connect securely to the web configurator. A sealed padlock appears in the address bar, which you can click to open the PageInfo > Security window to view the web page’s security information.Figure 172 Firefox 2: Page Info
Appendix EImporting CertificatesUser s Guide298Installing a Stand-Alone Certificate File in FirefoxRather than browsing to a web configurator and installing a public key certificate when prompted, you can install a stand-alone certificate file if one has been issued to you.1Open Firefox and click TOOLS > Options.Figure 173 Firefox 2: Tools Menu2In the Options dialog box, click ADVANCED >Encryption > View Certificates.Figure 174 Firefox 2: Options
Appendix EImporting CertificatesUser s Guide 2993In the Certificate Manager dialog box, click Web Sites > Import.Figure 175 Firefox 2: Certificate Manager4Use the Select File dialog box to locate the certificate and then click Open.Figure 176 Firefox 2: Select File5The next time you visit the web site, click the padlock in the address bar to open the Page Info > Security window to see the web page’s security information.
Appendix EImporting CertificatesUser s Guide300Removing a Certificate in FirefoxThis section shows you how to remove a public key certificate in Firefox 2.1Open Firefox and click TOOLS >Options.Figure 177 Firefox 2: Tools Menu2In the Options dialog box, click ADVANCED >Encryption > View Certificates.Figure 178 Firefox 2: Options
Appendix EImporting CertificatesUser s Guide 3013In the Certificate Manager dialog box, select the Web Sites tab, select the certificate that you want to remove, and then click Delete.Figure 179 Firefox 2: Certificate Manager4In the Delete Web Site Certificates dialog box, click OK.Figure 180 Firefox 2: Delete Web Site Certificates5The next time you go to the web site that issued the public key certificate you just removed, a certification error appears.
Appendix EImporting CertificatesUser s Guide302OperaThe following example uses Opera 9 on Windows XP Professional; however, the screens can apply to Opera 9 on all platforms.1If your device’s web configurator is set to use SSL certification, then the first time you browse to it you are presented with a certification error.2Click Install to accept the certificate.Figure 181 Opera 9: Certificate signer not found
Appendix EImporting CertificatesUser s Guide 3033The next time you visit the web site, click the padlock in the address bar to open the Security information window to view the web page’s security details.Figure 182 Opera 9: Security information
Appendix EImporting CertificatesUser s Guide304Installing a Stand-Alone Certificate File in OperaRather than browsing to a web configurator and installing a public key certificate when prompted, you can install a stand-alone certificate file if one has been issued to you.1Open Opera and click TOOLS >Preferences.Figure 183 Opera 9: Tools Menu
Appendix EImporting CertificatesUser s Guide 3052In Preferences, click ADVANCED >Security > Manage certificates.Figure 184 Opera 9: Preferences
Appendix EImporting CertificatesUser s Guide3063In the Certificates Manager, click Authorities > Import.Figure 185 Opera 9: Certificate manager4Use the Import certificate dialog box to locate the certificate and then clickOpen.Figure 186 Opera 9: Import certificate
Appendix EImporting CertificatesUser s Guide 3075In the Install authority certificate dialog box, click Install.Figure 187 Opera 9: Install authority certificate6Next, click OK.Figure 188 Opera 9: Install authority certificate7The next time you visit the web site, click the padlock in the address bar to open the Security information window to view the web page’s security details.
Appendix EImporting CertificatesUser s Guide308Removing a Certificate in OperaThis section shows you how to remove a public key certificate in Opera 9.1Open Opera and click TOOLS >Preferences.Figure 189 Opera 9: Tools Menu2In Preferences,ADVANCED >Security > Manage certificates.Figure 190 Opera 9: Preferences
Appendix EImporting CertificatesUser s Guide 3093In the Certificates manager, select the Authorities tab, select the certificate that you want to remove, and then click Delete.Figure 191 Opera 9: Certificate manager4The next time you go to the web site that issued the public key certificate you just removed, a certification error appears.Note: There is no confirmation when you delete a certificate authority, so be absolutely certain that you want to go through with it before clicking the button.
Appendix EImporting CertificatesUser s Guide310KonquerorThe following example uses Konqueror 3.5 on openSUSE 10.3, however the screens apply to Konqueror 3.5 on all Linux KDE distributions.1If your device’s web configurator is set to use SSL certification, then the first time you browse to it you are presented with a certification error.2Click Continue.Figure 192 Konqueror 3.5: Server Authentication3Click Forever when prompted to accept the certificate.Figure 193 Konqueror 3.5: Server Authentication
Appendix EImporting CertificatesUser s Guide 3114Click the padlock in the address bar to open the KDE SSL Information window and view the web page’s security details.Figure 194 Konqueror 3.5: KDE SSL Information
Appendix EImporting CertificatesUser s Guide312Installing a Stand-Alone Certificate File in KonquerorRather than browsing to a web configurator and installing a public key certificate when prompted, you can install a stand-alone certificate file if one has been issued to you.1Double-click the public key certificate file.Figure 195 Konqueror 3.5: Public Key Certificate File2In the Certificate Import Result - Kleopatra dialog box, click OK.Figure 196 Konqueror 3.5: Certificate Import ResultThe public key certificate appears in the KDE certificate manager, Kleopatra.Figure 197 Konqueror 3.5: Kleopatra3The next time you visit the web site, click the padlock in the address bar to open the KDE SSL Information window to view the web page’s security details.
Appendix EImporting CertificatesUser s Guide 313Removing a Certificate in KonquerorThis section shows you how to remove a public key certificate in Konqueror 3.5.1Open Konqueror and click Settings > Configure Konqueror.Figure 198 Konqueror 3.5: Settings Menu2In the Configure dialog box, select Crypto.3On the Peer SSL Certificates tab, select the certificate you want to delete and then click Remove.Figure 199 Konqueror 3.5: Configure4The next time you go to the web site that issued the public key certificate you just removed, a certification error appears.
Appendix EImporting CertificatesUser s Guide314Note: There is no confirmation when you remove a certificate authority, so be absolutely certain you want to go through with it before clicking the button.
User s Guide 315APPENDIX F SIP PassthroughEnabling/Disabling the SIP ALGYou can turn off the WiMAX Modem SIP ALG to avoid retranslating the IP address of an existing SIP device that is using STUN. If you want to use STUN with a SIP client device (a SIP phone or IP phone for example) behind the WiMAX Modem, use the ip alg disable ALG_SIP command to turn off the SIP ALG.Signaling Session TimeoutMost SIP clients have an “expire” mechanism indicating the lifetime of signaling sessions. The SIP UA sends registration packets to the SIP server periodically and keeps the session alive in the WiMAX Modem. If the SIP client does not have this mechanism and makes no call during the WiMAX Modem SIP timeout default (60 minutes), the WiMAX Modem SIP ALG drops any incoming calls after the timeout period. You can use the ip alg siptimeout command to change the timeout value.Audio Session TimeoutIf no voice packets go through the SIP ALG before the timeout period default (5 minutes) expires, the SIP ALG does not drop the call but blocks all voice traffic and deletes the audio session. You cannot hear anything and you will need to make a new call to continue your conversation.
Appendix FSIP PassthroughUser s Guide316
User s Guide 317APPENDIX G Common ServicesThe following table lists some commonly-used services and their associated protocols and port numbers. For a comprehensive list of port numbers, ICMP type/code numbers and services, visit the IANA (Internet Assigned Number Authority) web site. •Name: This is a short, descriptive name for the service. You can use this one or create a different one, if you like.•Protocol: This is the type of IP protocol used by the service. If this is TCP/UDP, then the service uses the same port number with TCP and UDP. If this is USER-DEFINED, the Port(s) is the IP protocol number, not the port number.•Port(s): This value depends on the Protocol. Please refer to RFC 1700 for further information about port numbers.•If the Protocol is TCP,UDP, or TCP/UDP, this is the IP port number.•If the Protocol is USER, this is the IP protocol number.•Description: This is a brief explanation of the applications that use this service or the situations in which this service is used.Table 118 Commonly Used ServicesNAME PROTOCOL PORT(S) DESCRIPTIONAH(IPSEC_TUNNEL) User-Defined 51 The IPSEC AH (Authentication Header) tunneling protocol uses this service.AIM/New-ICQ TCP 5190 AOL’s Internet Messenger service. It is also used as a listening port by ICQ.AUTH TCP 113 Authentication protocol used by some servers.BGP TCP 179 Border Gateway Protocol.BOOTP_CLIENT UDP 68 DHCP Client.BOOTP_SERVER UDP 67 DHCP Server.CU-SEEME TCPUDP764824032A popular videoconferencing solution from White Pines Software.DNS TCP/UDP 53 Domain Name Server, a service that matches web names to IP numbers.ESP (IPSEC_TUNNEL) User-Defined 50 The IPSEC ESP (Encapsulation Security Protocol) tunneling protocol uses this service.
Appendix GCommon ServicesUser s Guide318FINGER TCP 79 Finger is a UNIX or Internet related command that can be used to find out if a user is logged on.FTP TCPTCP2021File Transfer Program, a program to enable fast transfer of files, including large files that may not be possible by e-mail.H.323 TCP 1720 NetMeeting uses this protocol.HTTP TCP 80 Hyper Text Transfer Protocol - a client/server protocol for the world wide web.HTTPS TCP 443 HTTPS is a secured http session often used in e-commerce.ICMP User-Defined 1 Internet Control Message Protocol is often used for diagnostic or routing purposes.ICQ UDP 4000 This is a popular Internet chat program.IGMP(MULTICAST) User-Defined 2 Internet Group Management Protocol is used when sending packets to a specific group of hosts.IKE UDP 500 The Internet Key Exchange algorithm is used for key distribution and management.IRC TCP/UDP 6667 This is another popular Internet chat program.MSN Messenger TCP 1863 Microsoft Networks’ messenger service uses this protocol. NEW-ICQ TCP 5190 An Internet chat program.NEWS TCP 144 A protocol for news groups.NFS UDP 2049 Network File System - NFS is a client/server distributed file service that provides transparent file sharing for network environments.NNTP TCP 119 Network News Transport Protocol is the delivery mechanism for the USENET newsgroup service.PING User-Defined 1 Packet INternet Groper is a protocol that sends out ICMP echo requests to test whether or not a remote host is reachable.POP3 TCP 110 Post Office Protocol version 3 lets a client computer get e-mail from a POP3 server through a temporary connection (TCP/IP or other).Table 118 Commonly Used Services (continued)NAME PROTOCOL PORT(S) DESCRIPTION
Appendix GCommon ServicesUser s Guide 319PPTP TCP 1723 Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol enables secure transfer of data over public networks. This is the control channel.PPTP_TUNNEL (GRE) User-Defined 47 PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) enables secure transfer of data over public networks. This is the data channel.RCMD TCP 512 Remote Command Service.REAL_AUDIO TCP 7070 A streaming audio service that enables real time sound over the web.REXEC TCP 514 Remote Execution Daemon.RLOGIN TCP 513 Remote Login.RTELNET TCP 107 Remote Telnet.RTSP TCP/UDP 554 The Real Time Streaming (media control) Protocol (RTSP) is a remote control for multimedia on the Internet.SFTP TCP 115 Simple File Transfer Protocol.SMTP TCP 25 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is the message-exchange standard for the Internet. SMTP enables you to move messages from one e-mail server to another.SNMP TCP/UDP 161 Simple Network Management Program.SNMP-TRAPS TCP/UDP 162 Traps for use with the SNMP (RFC:1215).SQL-NET TCP 1521 Structured Query Language is an interface to access data on many different types of database systems, including mainframes, midrange systems, UNIX systems and network servers.SSH TCP/UDP 22 Secure Shell Remote Login Program.STRM WORKS UDP 1558 Stream Works Protocol.SYSLOG UDP 514 Syslog allows you to send system logs to a UNIX server.TACACS UDP 49 Login Host Protocol used for (Terminal Access Controller Access Control System).TELNET TCP 23 Telnet is the login and terminal emulation protocol common on the Internet and in UNIX environments. It operates over TCP/IP networks. Its primary function is to allow users to log into remote host systems.Table 118 Commonly Used Services (continued)NAME PROTOCOL PORT(S) DESCRIPTION
Appendix GCommon ServicesUser s Guide320TFTP UDP 69 Trivial File Transfer Protocol is an Internet file transfer protocol similar to FTP, but uses the UDP (User Datagram Protocol) rather than TCP (Transmission Control Protocol).VDOLIVE TCP 7000 Another videoconferencing solution.Table 118 Commonly Used Services (continued)NAME PROTOCOL PORT(S) DESCRIPTION
IndexUser s Guide 321IndexAAAA 73AbS 108accounting serversee AAAACK message 115activity 73Advanced Encryption Standardsee AESAES 233ALG 91alternative subnet mask notation 276analysis-by-synthesis 108Application Layer Gatewaysee ALGauthentication 44, 73, 75, 231inner 234keyserver 73types 234authorization 231request and reply 233server 73Bbase stationsee BSBS 71, 72links 72BYE request 115CCA 137, 153and certificates 154callEurope type service mode 126hold 126#128service mode 126#128transfer 127#128waiting 127#128CBC-MAC 233CCMP 231, 233cell 71Certificate Management Protocol (CMP) 142Certificate Revocation List (CRL) 154certificates 137, 231advantages 154and CA 154certification path 144, 150, 153expired 153factory-default 154file formats 154fingerprints 145, 151importing 139not used for encryption 153revoked 153self-signed 141serial number 144, 150storage space 138thumbprint algorithms 156thumbprints 156used for authentication 153verification 233verifying fingerprints 155certificationauthority, see CArequests 137, 141chaining 233chaining message authenticationsee CCMPcircuit-switched telephone networks 103Class of Service (CoS) 118client-serverprotocol 116SIP 116CMACsee MAC
IndexUser s Guide322codec 107comfort noise 121CoS 118counter modesee CCMPcoverage area 71cryptography 231Ddata 231#233decryption 231encryption 231flow 233DHCP 60, 94, 96client 94server 60diameter 73Differentiated Servicessee DiffServDiffServ 118DiffServ Code Point (DSCP) 118marking rule 119digital ID 231DL frequency 80domain name 94download frequencysee DL frequencyDS field 119DSCPsee DiffServdynamic DNS 96Dynamic Host Configuration Protocolsee DHCPEEAP 73echo cancellation 121encryption 231#233traffic 233Ethernetencapsulation 84Europe type call service mode 126Extensible Authorization Protocolsee EAPFfirewall 157, 162, 163flash key 126flashing 126frequencyband 80ranges 80scanning 80FTP 96, 172restrictions 172GG.168 121G.711 108G.729 108Hhybrid waveform codec 108IIANA 282identity 73, 231idle timeout 172IEEE 802.16 71, 231IEEE 802.16e 71IEEE 802.1Q VLAN 113inner authentication 234Internetaccess 73Internet Assigned Numbers Authoritysee IANA 282Internet Telephony Service Provider
IndexUser s Guide 323see ITSPIP-PBX 103ITSP 103ITU-T 121Kkey 44, 75, 231request and reply 233Llistening port 111MMAC 233MAN 71Management Information Base (MIB) 176manual site survey 80Message Authentication Codesee MACmessage integrity 233message waiting indication 108Metropolitan Area Networksee MANmicrowave 71, 72mobile stationsee MSMS 72multimedia 104MWI 108My Certificates 138see also certificatesNNAT 107, 281and remote management 172routers 107server sets 84networkactivity 73services 73OOK response 115outbound proxy 107, 118server 107SIP 107Ppattern-spotting 233PBX services 103PCM 108peer-to-peer calls 131per-hop behavior 119PHB (per-hop behavior) 119phoneservices 122PKMv2 44, 73, 75, 231, 234plain text encryption 233Privacy Key Managementsee PKMprivate key 231proxy serverSIP 116public certificate 233public key 44, 75, 231Public-Key Infrastructure (PKI) 154public-private key pairs 137, 153pulse code modulation 108QQoS 183Quality of Service, see QoS
IndexUser s Guide324RRADIUS 73, 232Message Types 232Messages 232Shared Secret Key 232Real-time Transport Protocolsee RTPredirect serverSIP 117register serverSIP 104related documentation 3remote management and NAT 172remote management limitations 172required bandwidth 108RFC 1889 104RFC 2510. See Certificate Management Protocol.RFC 3489 107RFC 3842 108RTP 104Ssafety warnings 6secure communication 44, 75, 231secure connection 73security 231security association 233see SAserveroutbound proxy 107services 73Session Initiation Protocolsee SIPsilence suppression 121silent packets 121Simple Certificate Enrollment Protocol (SCEP) 142SIP 103account 104ACK message 115ALG 91, 118Application Layer Gateway, see ALGauthentication 48authentication password 48BYE request 115call progression 115client 116client server 116identities 104INVITE request 115number 48, 104OK response 115outbound proxy 107proxy server 116redirect server 117register server 104server address 48servers 116service domain 48, 104URI 104user agent 116SNMP 173manager 175sound quality 108speed dial 131SS 71, 72stateful inspection 162STUN 107, 118subnet 273mask 274subnetting 276subscriber stationsee SSsupplementary phone services 122syntax conventions 4system timeout 172TtamperingTCP/IP configuration 60TEK 233TFTP restrictions 172three-way conference 127, 129TLS 44, 75, 231transport encryption key
IndexUser s Guide 325see TEKtransport layer securitysee TLStriangle routeproblem 163solutions 164trigger port forwardingprocess 90TTLS 44, 75, 231, 234tunneled TLSsee TTLSUunauthorized device 231uniform resource identifier 104USA type call service mode 128use NAT 118use NAT feature 104user agent, SIP 116user authentication 231user ID 48user name 97VVAD 121verification 233virtual local area networksee VLANVLAN 113group 114ID tags 113tags 114VLAN ID 113voiceactivity detection 121coding 107mail 103Voice over IPsee VoIPVoIP 103Wwaveform codec 108WiMAX 72security 233Wireless Interoperability for Microwave Accesssee WiMAXWireless Metropolitan Area Networksee MANwireless networkaccess 71standard 71wireless security 231wizard setup 41
IndexUser s Guide326

Navigation menu