ZyXEL Communications MAX100 2.5GHz WiMAX PCMCIA card User Manual ZyBook

ZyXEL Communications Corporation 2.5GHz WiMAX PCMCIA card ZyBook

Users Manual

ZyXEL MAX-100 Series WiMAX PCMCIA CardUser’s GuideVersion 1.00Edition 103/2007
ZyXEL MAX-100 Series User’s GuideCopyright 3CopyrightCopyright © 2007 by ZyXEL Communications Corporation.The contents of this publication may not be reproduced in any part or as a whole, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, translated into any language, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, photocopying, manual, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of ZyXEL Communications Corporation.Published by ZyXEL Communications Corporation. All rights reserved.DisclaimerZyXEL does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any products, or software described herein. Neither does it convey any license under its patent rights nor the patent rights of others. ZyXEL further reserves the right to make changes in any products described herein without notice. This publication is subject to change without notice.TrademarksZyNOS (ZyXEL Network Operating System) is a registered trademark of ZyXEL Communications, Inc. Other trademarks mentioned in this publication are used for identification purposes only and may be properties of their respective owners.
ZyXEL MAX-100 Series User’s Guide4CertificationsCertificationsFederal Communications Commission (FCC) Interference StatementThe device complies with Part 15 of FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:• This device may not cause harmful interference.• This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operations.This device has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This device generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy, and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation.If this device does cause harmful interference to radio/television reception, which can be determined by turning the device off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:1Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.2Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver.3Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.4Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.FCC Radiation Exposure Statement• This device has been tested to the FCC exposure requirements (Specific Absorption Rate).• Testing was performed on laptop computers with antennas at 0mm spacing. The maximum SAR value is: 0.850W/kg. The device must not be collocated with any other antennas or transmitters. • This equipment has been SAR-evaluated for use in laptops (notebooks) with side slot configuration. • The device complies with FCC RF radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment, under 47 CFR 2.1093 paragraph (d)(2). End users must follow the specific operating instructions for satisfying RF exposure compliance. To maintain compliance with FCC RF exposure compliance requirements, please follow operation instruction as documented in this manual. • This transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter.
ZyXEL MAX-100 Series User’s GuideCertifications 5注意 !依據 低功率電波輻射性電機管理辦法第十二條 經型式認證合格之低功率射頻電機，非經許可，公司、商號或使用者均不得擅自變更頻率、加大功率或變更原設計之特性及功能。第十四條 低功率射頻電機之使用不得影響飛航安全及干擾合法通信；經發現有干擾現象時，應立即停用，並改善至無干擾時方得繼續使用。前項合法通信，指依電信規定作業之無線電信。低功率射頻電機須忍受合法通信或工業、科學及醫療用電波輻射性電機設備之干擾。 Notices Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate the equipment.This Class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.Cet appareil numérique de la classe B est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada.Viewing Certifications1Go to http://www.zyxel.com.2Select your product from the drop-down list box on the ZyXEL home page to go to that product's page.3Select the certification you wish to view from this page.
ZyXEL MAX-100 Series User’s Guide6Safety WarningsSafety WarningsFor your safety, be sure to read and follow all warning notices and instructions.• Do NOT use this product near water, for example, in a wet basement or near a swimming pool.• Do NOT expose your device to dampness, dust or corrosive liquids.• Do NOT store things on the device.• Do NOT install, use, or service this device during a thunderstorm. There is a remote risk of electric shock from lightning.• Connect ONLY suitable accessories to the device.• Do NOT open the device or unit. Opening or removing covers can expose you to dangerous high voltage points or other risks. ONLY qualified service personnel should service or disassemble this device. Please contact your vendor for further information.• Do not use the device outside, and make sure all the connections are indoors. There is a remote risk of electric shock from lightning. • Antenna Warning! This device meets ETSI and FCC certification requirements when using the included antenna(s). Only use the included antenna(s). This product is recyclable. Dispose of it properly.
ZyXEL MAX-100 Series User’s GuideZyXEL Limited Warranty 7ZyXEL Limited WarrantyZyXEL warrants to the original end user (purchaser) that this product is free from any defects in materials or workmanship for a period of up to two years from the date of purchase. During the warranty period, and upon proof of purchase, should the product have indications of failure due to faulty workmanship and/or materials, ZyXEL will, at its discretion, repair or replace the defective products or components without charge for either parts or labor, and to whatever extent it shall deem necessary to restore the product or components to proper operating condition. Any replacement will consist of a new or re-manufactured functionally equivalent product of equal or higher value, and will be solely at the discretion of ZyXEL. This warranty shall not apply if the product has been modified, misused, tampered with, damaged by an act of God, or subjected to abnormal working conditions.NoteRepair or replacement, as provided under this warranty, is the exclusive remedy of the purchaser. This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties, express or implied, including any implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular use or purpose. ZyXEL shall in no event be held liable for indirect or consequential damages of any kind to the purchaser.To obtain the services of this warranty, contact ZyXEL's Service Center for your Return Material Authorization number (RMA). Products must be returned Postage Prepaid. It is recommended that the unit be insured when shipped. Any returned products without proof of purchase or those with an out-dated warranty will be repaired or replaced (at the discretion of ZyXEL) and the customer will be billed for parts and labor. All repaired or replaced products will be shipped by ZyXEL to the corresponding return address, Postage Paid. This warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may also have other rights that vary from country to country.RegistrationRegister your product online to receive e-mail notices of firmware upgrades and information at www.zyxel.com for global products, or at www.us.zyxel.com for North American products.
ZyXEL MAX-100 Series User’s Guide8Customer SupportCustomer SupportPlease have the following information ready when you contact customer support.• Product model and serial number.• Warranty Information.• Date that you received your device.• Brief description of the problem and the steps you took to solve it.METHODLOCATIONSUPPORT E-MAIL TELEPHONE WEB SITEREGULAR MAILSALES E-MAIL FAX FTP SITECORPORATE HEADQUARTERS (WORLDWIDE)support@zyxel.com.tw +886-3-578-3942 www.zyxel.comwww.europe.zyxel.comZyXEL Communications Corp.6 Innovation Road IIScience ParkHsinchu 300Ta i w a nsales@zyxel.com.tw +886-3-578-2439 ftp.zyxel.comftp.europe.zyxel.comCOSTA RICAsoporte@zyxel.co.cr +506-2017878 www.zyxel.co.cr ZyXEL Costa RicaPlaza Roble EscazúEtapa El Patio, Tercer PisoSan José, Costa Ricasales@zyxel.co.cr +506-2015098 ftp.zyxel.co.crCZECH REPUBLICinfo@cz.zyxel.com +420-241-091-350 www.zyxel.cz ZyXEL CommunicationsCzech s.r.o.Modranská 621143 01 Praha 4 - ModranyCeská Republikainfo@cz.zyxel.com +420-241-091-359DENMARKsupport@zyxel.dk +45-39-55-07-00 www.zyxel.dk ZyXEL Communications A/SColumbusvej2860 SoeborgDenmarksales@zyxel.dk +45-39-55-07-07FINLANDsupport@zyxel.fi +358-9-4780-8411 www.zyxel.fi ZyXEL Communications OyMalminkaari 1000700 HelsinkiFinlandsales@zyxel.fi +358-9-4780 8448FRANCEinfo@zyxel.fr +33-4-72-52-97-97 www.zyxel.fr ZyXEL France 1 rue des VergersBat. 1 / C69760 Limonest France+33-4-72-52-19-20GERMANYsupport@zyxel.de +49-2405-6909-69 www.zyxel.de ZyXEL Deutschland GmbH.Adenauerstr. 20/A2 D-52146WuerselenGermanysales@zyxel.de +49-2405-6909-99HUNGARYsupport@zyxel.hu +36-1-3361649 www.zyxel.hu ZyXEL Hungary48, Zoldlomb Str.H-1025, BudapestHungaryinfo@zyxel.hu +36-1-3259100KAZAKHSTANhttp://zyxel.kz/support +7-3272-590-698 www.zyxel.kz ZyXEL Kazakhstan43, Dostyk ave.,Office 414Dostyk Business Centre050010, AlmatyRepublic of Kazakhstansales@zyxel.kz +7-3272-590-689NORTH AMERICAsupport@zyxel.com 1-800-255-4101+1-714-632-0882www.us.zyxel.com ZyXEL Communications Inc.1130 N. Miller St.AnaheimCA 92806-2001U.S.A.sales@zyxel.com +1-714-632-0858 ftp.us.zyxel.com
ZyXEL MAX-100 Series User’s GuideCustomer Support 9“+” is the (prefix) number you enter to make an international telephone call.NORWAYsupport@zyxel.no +47-22-80-61-80 www.zyxel.no ZyXEL Communications A/SNils Hansens vei 130667 OsloNorwaysales@zyxel.no +47-22-80-61-81POLANDinfo@pl.zyxel.com +48 (22) 333 8250 www.pl.zyxel.com ZyXEL Communicationsul. Okrzei 1A03-715 WarszawaPoland+48 (22) 333 8251RUSSIAhttp://zyxel.ru/support +7-095-542-89-29 www.zyxel.ru ZyXEL RussiaOstrovityanova 37a Str.Moscow, 117279Russiasales@zyxel.ru +7-095-542-89-25SPAINsupport@zyxel.es +34-902-195-420 www.zyxel.es ZyXEL CommunicationsArte, 21 5ª planta28033 MadridSpainsales@zyxel.es +34-913-005-345SWEDENsupport@zyxel.se +46-31-744-7700 www.zyxel.se ZyXEL Communications A/SSjöporten 4, 41764 GöteborgSwedensales@zyxel.se +46-31-744-7701UKRAINEsupport@ua.zyxel.com +380-44-247-69-78 www.ua.zyxel.com ZyXEL Ukraine13, Pimonenko Str.Kiev, 04050Ukrainesales@ua.zyxel.com +380-44-494-49-32UNITED KINGDOMsupport@zyxel.co.uk +44-1344 30304408707 555779 (UK only) www.zyxel.co.uk ZyXEL Communications UKLtd.,11 The Courtyard,Eastern Road, Bracknell,Berkshire, RG12 2XB,United Kingdom (UK)sales@zyxel.co.uk +44-1344 303034 ftp.zyxel.co.ukMETHODLOCATIONSUPPORT E-MAIL TELEPHONE WEB SITEREGULAR MAILSALES E-MAIL FAX FTP SITE
ZyXEL MAX-100 Series User’s Guide10 Customer Support
ZyXEL MAX-100 Series User’s GuideTable of Contents 11Table of ContentsCopyright .................................................................................................................. 3Certifications ............................................................................................................ 4Safety Warnings ....................................................................................................... 6ZyXEL Limited Warranty.......................................................................................... 7Customer Support.................................................................................................... 8Table of Contents ................................................................................................... 11List of Tables .......................................................................................................... 13List of Figures ........................................................................................................ 15Preface .................................................................................................................... 17Chapter 1Getting Started ....................................................................................................... 191.1 About Your ZyXEL Device ................................................................................191.2 Application Overview ..........................................................................................191.3 ZyXEL Device Hardware ....................................................................................201.4 The ZyXEL Utility ...............................................................................................201.4.1 Accessing the ZyXEL Utility .....................................................................21Chapter 2Tutorial .................................................................................................................... 232.1 Connecting to the Internet ..................................................................................232.1.1 Set Up Your User Name and Password ...................................................232.1.2 Set Up Search Frequencies ......................................................................242.1.3 Confirm the Connection ............................................................................25Chapter 3Wireless Configuration.......................................................................................... 273.1 WiMAX Overview ...............................................................................................273.2 ZyXEL Utility Summary .....................................................................................283.3 The Link Info Screen ..........................................................................................293.4 Frequency Settings ............................................................................................313.4.1 Frequency Ranges ...................................................................................313.5 The Site Survey Screen .....................................................................................32
ZyXEL MAX-100 Series User’s Guide12 Table of Contents3.5.1 Site Survey: Manual ..................................................................................333.5.2 Site Survey: Express ................................................................................343.5.2.1 Using the Site Survey Screen (Express): Example .........................353.6 Authentication ....................................................................................................373.7 The Profile Screen .............................................................................................383.8 The Adapter Screen ...........................................................................................393.8.1 Uploading Firmware ..................................................................................40Chapter 4Maintenance ........................................................................................................... 434.1 The About Screen .............................................................................................434.2 Uninstalling the ZyXEL Utility ............................................................................434.3 Upgrading the ZyXEL Utility ..............................................................................44Chapter 5Troubleshooting ..................................................................................................... 475.1 Problems Starting the ZyXEL Utility ...................................................................475.2 Problems Connecting to the Internet ..................................................................475.3 Problems with the Link Quality ...........................................................................48Appendix AProduct Specifications .......................................................................................... 49Appendix BWiMAX Security...................................................................................................... 51Appendix CSetting up Your Computer’s IP Address.............................................................. 55Index........................................................................................................................ 61
ZyXEL MAX-100 Series User’s GuideList of Tables 13List of TablesTable 1 Models Covered ....................................................................................... 19Table 2 The ZyXEL Device .................................................................................... 20Table 3 ZyXEL Utility: System Tray Icon ............................................................... 21Table 4 Tutorial: Example Account Information ..................................................... 23Table 5 ZyXEL Utility Summary ............................................................................. 29Table 6 The Link Info Screen ................................................................................ 30Table 7 Radio Frequency Conversion ................................................................... 31Table 8 DL Frequency Example Settings .............................................................. 33Table 9 The Site Survey Screen (Manual) ............................................................ 34Table 10 The Site Survey Screen (Express) ......................................................... 35Table 11 Example Supported Frequencies (GHz) ................................................. 35Table 12 Example Frequency Settings .................................................................. 35Table 13 The Profile Screen .................................................................................. 38Table 14 The Adapter Screen ............................................................................... 40Table 15 About ...................................................................................................... 43Table 16 Troubleshooting Starting the ZyXEL Utility ............................................. 47Table 17 Troubleshooting Internet Connection ...................................................... 47Table 18 Troubleshooting Link Quality .................................................................. 48Table 19 Product Specifications ............................................................................ 49
ZyXEL MAX-100 Series User’s Guide14 List of Tables
ZyXEL MAX-100 Series User’s GuideList of Figures 15List of FiguresFigure 1 Mobile Station and Base Station .............................................................. 19Figure 2 The ZyXEL Device ................................................................................... 20Figure 3 ZyXEL Utility: System Tray Icon .............................................................. 21Figure 4 Tutorial: Profile Screen ............................................................................. 24Figure 5 Tutorial: Site Survey Screen (Manual) ..................................................... 24Figure 6 Tutorial: Completing the Manual Site Survey Screen .............................. 25Figure 7 Tutorial: Link Info Screen ......................................................................... 25Figure 8 WiMax: Mobile Station ............................................................................. 27Figure 9 WiMAX: Multiple Mobile Stations ............................................................. 28Figure 10 ZyXEL Utility Summary ......................................................................... 28Figure 11 The Link Info Screen .............................................................................. 29Figure 12 Frequency Ranges ................................................................................. 32Figure 13 The Site Survey Screen (manual) .......................................................... 34Figure 14 The Site Survey Screen (Express) ......................................................... 34Figure 15 Search Example 1 .................................................................................. 36Figure 16 Search Example 2 .................................................................................. 36Figure 17 Frequency Values .................................................................................. 36Figure 18 Automatic Completion ............................................................................ 37Figure 19 Authentication ........................................................................................ 37Figure 20 The Profile Screen ................................................................................ 38Figure 21 The Adapter Screen ............................................................................... 39Figure 22 Adapter: Upload Firmware ..................................................................... 40Figure 23 About ..................................................................................................... 43Figure 24 Uninstall: Confirm ................................................................................. 44Figure 25 Uninstall: Finish ..................................................................................... 44Figure 26 Windows XP: Start Menu ....................................................................... 55Figure 27 Windows XP: Control Panel ................................................................... 56Figure 28 Windows XP: Control Panel: Network Connections: Properties ............ 56Figure 29 Windows XP: Local Area Connection Properties ................................... 57Figure 30 Windows XP: Internet Protocol TCP/IP Properties ................................ 57Figure 31 Windows XP: Advanced TCP/IP Settings .............................................. 58Figure 32 Windows XP: Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties .............................. 59
ZyXEL MAX-100 Series User’s Guide16 List of Figures
ZyXEL MAX-100 Series User’s GuidePreface 17PrefaceCongratulations on your purchase of the ZyXEL MAX-100 Series WiMAX PCMCIA Card. Your ZyXEL Device plugs into a PCMCIA port on your notebook computer and allows you to access WiMAX wireless networks.Your ZyXEL Device is easy to install and configure. About This User's GuideThis manual is designed to guide you through the configuration of your ZyXEL Device for its various applications. Related Documentation• Supporting DiskRefer to the included CD for support documents.• Quick Start Guide The Quick Start Guide is designed to help you get up and running right away. It contains hardware installation/connection information.• ZyXEL Web SitePlease go to http://www.zyxel.com for product news, firmware, updated documents, and other support materials.User Guide Feedback Help us help you. E-mail all User’s Guide-related comments, questions or suggestions for improvement to techwriters@zyxel.com.tw or send regular mail to The Technical Writing Team, ZyXEL Communications Corp., 6 Innovation Road II, Science-Based Industrial Park, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan. Thank you. Syntax Conventions• “Enter” means for you to type one or more characters. “Select” or “Choose” means for you to use one predefined choice.• Mouse action sequences are denoted using a right angle bracket ( > ). For example, “In Windows, click Start > Settings > Control Panel” means first click the Start button, then point your mouse pointer to Settings and then click Control Panel.• “e.g.,” is a shorthand for “for instance”, and “i.e.,” means “that is” or “in other words”.• The ZyXEL MAX-100 Series WiMAX PCMCIA Card may be referred to as “the ZyXEL Device” or “the device” in this user’s guide.
ZyXEL MAX-100 Series User’s Guide18 PrefaceGraphics Icons KeyComputer Notebook Computer Wireless Base Station Wireless Signal Internet Cloud Server Router
ZyXEL MAX-100 Series User’s GuideChapter 1 Getting Started 19CHAPTER 1Getting StartedThis chapter introduces the ZyXEL Device and prepares you to use the ZyXEL utility. The ZyXEL utility is a tool that helps you configure your ZyXEL Device.1.1 About Your ZyXEL Device The ZyXEL Device is an IEEE 802.16e compliant WiMAX wireless card for your notebook computer. See the appendix for detailed product specifications.At the time of writing this User’s Guide covers the following models:This User’s Guide uses screens and example settings from the MAX-100 model.1.2 Application OverviewIn a wireless metropolitan area network (MAN), the ZyXEL Device connects to a base station (BS) for Internet access. The following diagram shows a notebook computer equipped with the ZyXEL Device connecting to the Internet through a base station BS1.Figure 1 Mobile Station and Base StationTable 1 Models CoveredMAX-100MAX-110MAX-130
ZyXEL MAX-100 Series User’s Guide20 Chapter 1 Getting Started1.3 ZyXEL Device HardwareFollow the instructions in the Quick Start Guide to install the ZyXEL utility and make hardware connections.Figure 2 The ZyXEL DeviceThe following table describes the ZyXEL Device.1.4 The ZyXEL UtilityAfter you install the ZyXEL utility and insert the ZyXEL Device, an icon appears in the system tray.Note: The ZyXEL utility system tray icon displays only when the ZyXEL Device is inserted properly.Table 2 The ZyXEL DeviceLABEL DESCRIPTIONA PCMCIA connector.B 2dBi rotating antennaC PWR LED ON The ZyXEL Device is properly connected and receiving power.OFF The ZyXEL Device is not receiving power.D LINK LED ON The ZyXEL Device has a connection with a base station.BLINKING The ZyXEL Device is connecting with a base station.OFF The ZyXEL Device does not have a connection with a base station.
ZyXEL MAX-100 Series User’s GuideChapter 1 Getting Started 21Figure 3 ZyXEL Utility: System Tray Icon The color of the ZyXEL utility system tray icon indicates whether the ZyXEL Device is connected to a wireless network. Refer to the following table for details. 1.4.1 Accessing the ZyXEL Utility Double-click on the ZyXEL utility icon in the system tray to open the ZyXEL utility. The ZyXEL utility screens are similar in all Microsoft Windows versions. Table 3 ZyXEL Utility: System Tray Icon COLOR DESCRIPTIONOrange The ZyXEL Device is not connected to a wireless network, or is starting up.Green The ZyXEL Device is connected to a wireless network.Blue The ZyXEL Device is connected to a wireless network, but is in power saving mode or changing its connection from one base station to another.See Section 3.3 on page 29 for information on WiMAX states.
ZyXEL MAX-100 Series User’s Guide22 Chapter 1 Getting Started
ZyXEL MAX-100 Series User’s GuideChapter 2 Tutorial 23CHAPTER 2TutorialThe following example shows you how to configure settings to join a wireless network and access the Internet using the ZyXEL utility. 2.1 Connecting to the InternetThere are three parts to this example, as follows:1Set up your user name and password (in the Profile screen).2Set up search frequencies (in the Site Survey screen).3Confirm the connection (in the Link Info screen).To access the Internet, you need information from your Internet Service Provider (ISP) about your account and the network. In this example, your ISP has given you the following information about your account:See Section 3.4 on page 31 for more information on radio frequencies.2.1.1 Set Up Your User Name and PasswordAfter you install the ZyXEL utility and then insert the ZyXEL Device (see the Quick Start Guide for details) follow the steps below to set up your user name and password.1Start the ZyXEL utility and click the Profile tab to open the screen shown next.Table 4 Tutorial: Example Account InformationUser name User1234Password xyz9876Anonymous Identity anonymous@zyxel.comAvailable Frequencies 2.5, 2.525, 2.6 and 2.625 gigahertz (GHz)Downlink Frequency Step25 megahertz (MHz)
ZyXEL MAX-100 Series User’s Guide24 Chapter 2 TutorialFigure 4 Tutorial: Profile Screen2In the User field, enter your user name (“User1234”) and in the Password field, enter your password (“xyz9876”). Select the Don’t save user and password box if you don’t want anyone who uses the ZyXEL Device on this computer to be able to access the Internet using your account details. Enter your Anonymous Identity (“anonymous@zyxel.com”) and leave the other fields at their default values. Click the Save button.2.1.2 Set Up Search Frequencies1Click the Site Survey tab to open the screen shown next. The Site Survey screen allows you to specify a set of frequencies to search for a connection to a base station. The Manual site survey screen displays.Figure 5 Tutorial: Site Survey Screen (Manual)2You have chosen to use the Manual site survey screen because you need to enter four different frequencies. See Section 3.5 on page 32 for more information on when to use the Manual or the Express site survey screen.•In the DL Frequency [1] field, enter 2500000 (2500000 kilohertz (kHz) is equal to 2.5 gigahertz).•In the DL Frequency [2] field, enter 2525000.•In the DL Frequency [3] field, enter 2600000.
ZyXEL MAX-100 Series User’s GuideChapter 2 Tutorial 25•In the DL Frequency [4] field, enter 2625000.Leave the rest of the DL Frequency fields at zero.Figure 6 Tutorial: Completing the Manual Site Survey Screen3Click Save. The ZyXEL Device stores your settings. 4When the ZyXEL Device searches for available frequencies, it scans all frequencies from DL Frequency [1] to DL Frequency [4].2.1.3 Confirm the Connection1Click the Link Info tab. The screen appears as shown next. If the ZyXEL Device has successfully connected to a base station the indicators at the bottom of the screen show the strength and quality of the connection. Figure 7 Tutorial: Link Info Screen2Open your Internet browser and enter http://www.zyxel.com or the URL of any other web site in the address bar. If you are able to access the web site, your wireless connection is successfully configured. If you cannot access the web site, check the Troubleshooting section of this User's Guide.
ZyXEL MAX-100 Series User’s Guide26 Chapter 2 Tutorial
ZyXEL MAX-100 Series User’s GuideChapter 3 Wireless Configuration 27CHAPTER 3Wireless ConfigurationThis chapter discusses WiMAX and introduces each screen in the ZyXEL utility. See the Quick Start Guide for hardware and utility installation procedures.3.1 WiMAX OverviewWiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is the IEEE 802.16 wireless networking standard, which provides high-bandwidth, wide-range wireless service across wireless Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs). ZyXEL is a member of the WiMAX Forum, the industry group dedicated to promoting and certifying interoperability of wireless broadband products.In a wireless MAN, a wireless-equipped computer is known either as a mobile station (MS) or a subscriber station (SS). Mobile stations use the IEEE 802.16e standard and are able to maintain connectivity while switching their connection from one base station to another base station (handover) while subscriber stations use other standards that do not have this capability (IEEE 802.16-2004, for example). The following figure shows an MS-equipped notebook computer MS1 moving from base station BS1’s coverage area and connecting to BS2.Figure 8 WiMax: Mobile StationWiMAX technology uses radio signals (around 2 to 10 GHz) to connect subscriber stations and mobile stations to local base stations. Numerous subscriber stations and mobile stations connect to the network through a single base station (BS), as in the following figure.
ZyXEL MAX-100 Series User’s Guide28 Chapter 3 Wireless ConfigurationFigure 9 WiMAX: Multiple Mobile StationsA base station's coverage area can extend over many hundreds of meters, even under poor conditions. A base station provides network access to subscriber stations and mobile stations, and communicates with other base stations.3.2 ZyXEL Utility Summary This section describes the ZyXEL utility.Figure 10 ZyXEL Utility Summary BAC
ZyXEL MAX-100 Series User’s GuideChapter 3 Wireless Configuration 29The following table describes the labels in this screen. 3.3 The Link Info Screen Use this screen to see your current connection status, configuration, and data rate statistics.When the ZyXEL utility starts, the Link Info screen displays, showing the current configuration and connection status of your ZyXEL Device. If the fields in this screen are blank, the ZyXEL Device is not connected to a base station.Figure 11 The Link Info ScreenTable 5 ZyXEL Utility SummaryLABEL DESCRIPTIONA Use these buttons to display the different screens in the utility.Link Info Use this screen to see your current connection status, configuration, and data rate statistics.Site Survey Use these screens to configure wireless connection settings.Profile Use this screen to configure wireless security and Internet access settings.Adapter Use this screen to see your ZyXEL Device’s firmware version number, and to upload new firmware.About ( ) Click this button to see your ZyXEL Device’s driver and utility version number. B Each utility screen displays here. When you first open the utility, the Link Info screen displays.C If you have more than one ZyXEL Device connected to your computer, use this list to see details and configure settings of each ZyXEL Device currently connected.The ZyXEL Device you first insert is Card0, the second ZyXEL Device you install is Card1, etc.
ZyXEL MAX-100 Series User’s Guide30 Chapter 3 Wireless ConfigurationThe following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 6 The Link Info ScreenLABEL DESCRIPTIONWiMAX Network StatusThese fields provide information about the ZyXEL Device’s current network connection status. Operator ID Every WiMAX service provider has a unique Operator ID number, which is broadcast by each base station it owns. You can only connect to the Internet through base stations belonging to your service provider’s network.BSID (Base Station IDentity)This field displays the identification number of the wireless base station to which the ZyXEL Device is connected. Every base station transmits a unique BSID, which identifies it across the network.Cell ID A base station’s coverage area can be divided into multiple cells. This field shows the identification number of the cell in which the ZyXEL Device is connected. The Cell ID is transmitted by the base station.Frequency This field displays the radio frequency of the current wireless connection.MAC address This field displays the Media Access Control (MAC) address of the ZyXEL Device. Every network device has a unique MAC address which identifies it across the network.WiMAX State This field displays the status of the ZyXEL Device’s current connection. •NA: the ZyXEL Device is starting up.•Fail: The ZyXEL Device is unable to connect to a base station.•Initial Synchronization: the ZyXEL Device is attempting to locate a base station.•Initial DCD (Downlink Channel Descriptor): the ZyXEL Device has located a base station and is receiving information about a possible downlink connection.•Initial UCD (Uplink Channel Descriptor): the ZyXEL Device is receiving information from the base station about a possible uplink connection.• Initial Ranging and Calibration: the ZyXEL Device and the base station are transmitting and receiving information about the distance between them. Ranging allows the ZyXEL Device to use a lower transmission power level when communicating with a nearby base station, and a higher transmission power level when communicating with a distant base station.•Initial Negotiation: the ZyXEL Device and the base station are exchanging information about their capabilities.•Initial PKM (Privacy Key Management): the ZyXEL Device and the base station are exchanging security information.•Initial Registration: the ZyXEL Device is registering with a RADIUS server.•Running: the ZyXEL Device has successfully registered with the base station. Traffic can now flow between the ZyXEL Device and the base station.•Sleep: the ZyXEL Device is in power saving mode, but periodically checks whether a base station has traffic waiting.•Idle: the ZyXEL Device is in power saving mode, but can connect when a base station alerts it that there is traffic waiting.•Handover: the ZyXEL Device is moving from one coverage area to another, and is connecting to the new base station.Bandwidth This field shows the size of the bandwidth step the ZyXEL Device uses to connect to a base station in megahertz (MHz). Statistics These fields provide information on the ZyXEL Device’s wireless signal status.
ZyXEL MAX-100 Series User’s GuideChapter 3 Wireless Configuration 313.4 Frequency SettingsIn a WiMAX network, a mobile or subscriber station must use a radio frequency supported by the base station to communicate. When the ZyXEL Device looks for a connection to a base station, it searches a range of frequencies. Radio frequency is measured in hertz (Hz), kilohertz (kHz), megahertz (MHz) and gigahertz (GHz). 3.4.1 Frequency RangesThe following figure shows the ZyXEL Device searching a range of frequencies to find a connection to a base station. CINR mean This field shows the average Carrier to Interference plus Noise Ratio (CINR) of the current connection. This value is an indication of overall radio signal quality. A higher value indicates a higher signal quality, and a lower value indicates a lower signal quality.CINR deviation This field shows the amount of change in the CINR level. This value is an indication of radio signal stability. A lower number indicates a more stable signal, and a higher number indicates a less stable signal. RSSI This field shows the Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI). This value is a measurement of overall radio signal strength. A higher RSSI level indicates a stronger signal, and a lower RSSI level indicates a weaker signal.UL Data Rate This field shows the number of data packets uploaded from the ZyXEL Device to the base station each second.DL Data Rate This field shows the number of data packets downloaded to the ZyXEL Device from the base station each second.PER This field shows the Packet Error Rate (PER). The PER is the percentage of data packets transmitted across the network but not successfully received.Tx Power This field shows the output transmission (Tx) level of the ZyXEL Device.Signal Strength This bar shows the current Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI). Signal strength depends mainly on the antenna output power and the distance between your ZyXEL Device and the base station.Link Quality This bar shows the quality of the wireless connection. This refers to the percentage of packets transmitted successfully. If there are too many wireless stations in a wireless network, collisions may occur which could result in a loss of messages even though you have high signal strength.Table 6 The Link Info Screen (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTIONTable 7 Radio Frequency Conversion1 kHz = 1000 Hz1 MHz = 1000 kHz (1000000 Hz)1 GHz = 1000 MHz (1000000 kHz)
ZyXEL MAX-100 Series User’s Guide32 Chapter 3 Wireless ConfigurationFigure 12 Frequency RangesIn this figure, A is the WiMAX frequency range. “WiMAX frequency range” refers to the entire range of frequencies the ZyXEL Device is capable of using to transmit and receive (see the Product Specifications appendix for details). In the figure, B shows the operator frequency range. This is the range of frequencies within the WiMAX frequency range supported by your operator (service provider).The operator range is subdivided into bandwidth steps. In the figure, each C is a bandwidth step.The arrow D shows the ZyXEL Device searching for a connection.Have the ZyXEL Device search only certain frequencies by configuring the downlink frequencies. Your operator can give you information on the supported frequencies. The downlink frequencies are points of the frequency range your ZyXEL Device searches for an available connection. Use the site survey screen to set these bands. You can set the downlink frequencies anywhere within the WiMAX frequency range. In this example, the downlink frequencies have been set to search all of the operator range for a connection.3.5 The Site Survey Screen Click the Site Survey tab. Use these screens to configure wireless connection settings. When you want to have the ZyXEL Device search for a connection to a base station, you have the following options.• Use the Manual site survey screen to type in settings yourself. Do this if you want to configure the ZyXEL Device to scan frequencies that are not in a range (for example, 2.55 GHz, 2.525 GHz, 2.65GHz and 2.675 GHz). See Section 2.1 on page 23 for an example of using the Manual screen.or
ZyXEL MAX-100 Series User’s GuideChapter 3 Wireless Configuration 33• Use the Express site survey screen to set the ZyXEL Device to scan a specified range of frequencies automatically. Do this if your service provider has given you details of an available frequency range in your region (for example, 2.55 ~ 2.6 GHz with a bandwidth step of 25MHz). See Section 3.5.2.1 on page 35 for an example of using the Express screen.3.5.1 Site Survey: ManualUse this screen to define radio frequencies to be searched for available wireless connections.• The ZyXEL Device searches the DL Frequency settings in ascending numerical order, from [1] to [9].• If you enter a 0 in a DL Frequency field, the ZyXEL Device immediately moves on to the next DL Frequency field.• When the ZyXEL Device connects to a base station, the values in this screen are automatically set to the base station’s frequency. The next time the ZyXEL Device searches for a connection, it searches only this frequency. If you want the ZyXEL Device to search other frequencies, enter them in the DL Frequency fields.The following table describes some examples of DL Frequency settings.Table 8 DL Frequency Example SettingsEXAMPLE 1 EXAMPLE 2DL Frequency [1]: 2500000 2500000DL Frequency [2]: 2550000 2550000DL Frequency [3] 0 2600000DL Frequency [4: 00DL Frequency [5]: 00The ZyXEL Device searches at 2500000 kHz, and then searches at 2550000 kHz if it has not found a connection.The ZyXEL Device searches at 2500000 kHz and then at 2550000 kHz if it has not found an available connection. If it still does not find an available connection, it searches at 2600000 kHz.
ZyXEL MAX-100 Series User’s Guide34 Chapter 3 Wireless ConfigurationFigure 13 The Site Survey Screen (manual)The following table describes the labels in this screen. 3.5.2 Site Survey: ExpressClick Site Survey > Express. Use this screen to set the ZyXEL Device to automatically search a range of frequencies for an available connection to a base station. Figure 14 The Site Survey Screen (Express)Table 9 The Site Survey Screen (Manual) LABEL DESCRIPTIONSite InformationDL Frequency [1-9]These fields show the downlink frequency settings in kilohertz (kHz). Enter values in these fields to have the ZyXEL Device scan these frequencies for available channels in ascending numerical order. Contact your service provider for details of supported frequencies.Express Click this button to go to the Express site survey screen.Save Click this button to save your wireless settings.
ZyXEL MAX-100 Series User’s GuideChapter 3 Wireless Configuration 35The following table describes the labels in this screen.3.5.2.1 Using the Site Survey Screen (Express): ExampleIn this example, your Internet service provider has given you a range of supported frequencies, as follows. You have chosen to use the Express site survey screen, as you have a single frequency range to search for a connection.1You need to enter the frequency settings your ISP gave you. 1GHz is equal to 1000000 kilohertz (kHz), so enter “2525000” in the DL Frequency Start field and enter “2600000” in the DL frequency Stop field. The ZyXEL Device splits this range of frequencies into (at most) eight bands between DL Frequency Start and DL Frequency Stop (this gives nine search points). The gap between these points is controlled by the DL Frequency Step value. The ZyXEL Device searches each of the points (the blue lines in the following figure) for a connection as shown.Table 10 The Site Survey Screen (Express)LABEL DESCRIPTIONDL Frequency Start Use this field to set the low end of the frequency range (in kilohertz).DL Frequency Stop Use this field to set the high end of the frequency range (in kilohertz).DL Frequency Step Use this field to set the step size between DL Frequency values (in kilohertz).The step size is the difference between two adjacent DL Frequency values.The Site Survey (Express) screen automatically creates a maximum of nine frequency bands. Therefore, make sure that the DL Frequency Step setting is no less than one-ninth of the difference between the DL Frequency start and DL Frequency stop values. Manual Click this button to return to the Manual site survey screen. Your settings in the Express screen will not be saved.Finish Click this button to return to the Manual screen. Your settings will be displayed in the DL frequency [1-9] fields. You still need to save your settings.Table 11 Example Supported Frequencies (GHz)Start 2.525 Stop 2.6Table 12 Example Frequency SettingsStart 2.525 GHz = 2525000 kHzStop 2.6 GHz = 2600000 kHz
ZyXEL MAX-100 Series User’s Guide36 Chapter 3 Wireless ConfigurationFigure 15 Search Example 1The ZyXEL Device uses only the first nine points between DL Frequency Start and DL Frequency Stop, so if the DL Frequency Step is too small the rest of the range is not searched, as in the following figure. The arrow shows the ZyXEL Device searching the first nine points, and the cross shows the points that are not searched.Figure 16 Search Example 22Your ISP gave you 25 MHZ as the downlink frequency step, so leave the DL Frequency Step field at its default (25 MHz = 25000 kHz). Figure 17 Frequency Values3Click Finish to return to the Manual screen. The DL Frequency fields have been automatically filled in.
ZyXEL MAX-100 Series User’s GuideChapter 3 Wireless Configuration 37Figure 18 Automatic Completion4Click Save to save your settings to the ZyXEL Device. The ZyXEL Device scans for a connection in the order on the screen. When it finds one, the fields in this screen are automatically set to use that frequency.3.6 AuthenticationWhen authenticating a user, the base station uses a third-party RADIUS or Diameter server known as an AAA (Authentication, Authorization and Accounting) server to authenticate the mobile or subscriber stations. WiMAX uses PKM (Privacy Key Management) for authentication between the mobile or subscriber station and the base station, and supports EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) between the mobile or subscriber station, the base station, and the AAA server.The following figure shows a base station using an AAA server to authenticate mobile station MS, allowing it to access the Internet.Figure 19 AuthenticationIn this figure, the dashed arrow shows the PKM secured connection between the mobile station and the base station, and the solid arrow shows the EAP secured connection between the mobile station, the base station and the AAA server. See the WiMAX security appendix for more details.
ZyXEL MAX-100 Series User’s Guide38 Chapter 3 Wireless Configuration3.7 The Profile Screen Click the Profile tab. Use this screen to configure wireless security and Internet access settings.A profile is a set of wireless parameters that you need to connect to a wireless network. Use the settings given to you by your Internet service provider.If you do not configure the profile, each time you start the ZyXEL Device it uses the default user name and password to try to connect to any available network. Figure 20 The Profile Screen The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 13 The Profile ScreenLABEL DESCRIPTIONUser Enter the user name associated with your Internet access account.Password Enter the password associated with your Internet access account.Don’t save user and passwordSelect this box if you want to enter your user name and password every time you use the ZyXEL Device on this computer.If you do not select this box, anyone using the ZyXEL Device on this computer can use your Internet account to access the Internet.Anonymous IdentityEnter the anonymous identity provided by your Internet Service Provider. Anonymous identity (also known as outer identity) is used with EAP-TTLS encryption. The anonymous identity is used to route your authentication request to the correct authentication server, and does not reveal your real user name. Your real user name and password are encrypted in the TLS tunnel, and only the anonymous identity can be seen.Leave this field blank if your ISP did not give you an anonymous identity to use.PKM This field displays the Privacy Key Management version number. See the WiMAX security appendix for more information.Authentication This field displays the user authentication method.
ZyXEL MAX-100 Series User’s GuideChapter 3 Wireless Configuration 393.8 The Adapter Screen Click the Adapter tab. Use this screen to see your ZyXEL Device’s firmware version number, and to upload new firmware.The firmware determines the device’s available features and functionality. You can download new firmware releases from your nearest ZyXEL FTP site (or www.zyxel.com) to use to upgrade your device’s performance.Note: Only use firmware for your device’s specific model. Refer to the label on your ZyXEL Device. Figure 21 The Adapter ScreenTTLS Inner EAP Select the type of inner authentication to be used from the drop-down list box. Check with your service provider if you are unsure of the correct setting for your account.The ZyXEL Device supports the following inner authentication types:•CHAP (Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol)•EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol)•MSCHAP (Microsoft CHAP)•MSCHAP2 (Microsoft CHAP version2)•PAP (Password Authentication Protocol)Save Click this button to save your profile settings.Table 13 The Profile Screen (continued)LABEL DESCRIPTION
ZyXEL MAX-100 Series User’s Guide40 Chapter 3 Wireless ConfigurationThe following table describes the labels in this screen. 3.8.1 Uploading FirmwareTake the following steps to upload new firmware to the ZyXEL Device.1Save the new firmware in the ZyXEL Device’s directory on your computer. The default directory is C:\Program Files\ZyXEL\MAX-100 Series\.If the firmware is in a compressed (.zip) file, you need to decompress (unzip) it. The ZyXEL Device firmware is a binary (.bin) file. 2Open the ZyXEL Device utility and click the Adapter tab. Click Start when you are ready to upload. A window similar to the following appears.Figure 22 Adapter: Upload Firmware3Locate the firmware file and click Open. 4The firmware’s filename appears in the Image File Name field. The progress bar displays how much of the file has uploaded. This may take several minutes.Table 14 The Adapter ScreenLABEL DESCRIPTIONVersion This is the version number of the firmware the ZyXEL Device is currently using.Image File Name This shows the file name of the firmware you are uploading.Progress This shows the amount of the firmware file that has been uploaded.Note: Do not turn off or remove the ZyXEL Device while firmware upload is in progress!Start Click this to select a firmware file and upload it to the ZyXEL Device.
ZyXEL MAX-100 Series User’s GuideChapter 3 Wireless Configuration 41Note: Do NOT unplug your ZyXEL Device or turn off the computer while firmware upload is in progress! This may PERMANENTLY DAMAGE your device!5When the upload is finished, restart your ZyXEL Device (unplug it then plug it back in). Open the utility and click the Adapter tab. Check that the Version field displays the filename of the new firmware.
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ZyXEL MAX-100 Series User’s GuideChapter 4 Maintenance 43CHAPTER 4MaintenanceThis chapter describes the About screen and how to uninstall or upgrade the ZyXEL utility.4.1 The About Screen The About screen displays the driver and utility version numbers of the ZyXEL Device. To display the screen as shown below, click the About ( ) button.Figure 23 About The following table describes the read-only fields in this screen. 4.2 Uninstalling the ZyXEL Utility Follow the steps below to remove (or uninstall) the ZyXEL utility from your computer.Note: Before you uninstall the ZyXEL utility, make a copy of your current wireless configurations.Table 15 About LABEL DESCRIPTIONDriver version This field displays the version number of the ZyXEL Device driver. The driver is a piece of software your computer needs to communicate with the ZyXEL Device.Utility version This field displays the version number of the ZyXEL utility. The ZyXEL utility is software you use to configure your ZyXEL Device.
ZyXEL MAX-100 Series User’s Guide44 Chapter 4 Maintenance1Click Start, (All) Programs, ZyXEL ZyXEL Device Utility, Uninstall ZyXEL ZyXEL Device Utility.2When prompted, click OK or Yes to remove the driver and the utility software.Figure 24 Uninstall: Confirm 3Click Finish to complete uninstalling the software and restart the computer when prompted.Figure 25 Uninstall: Finish 4.3 Upgrading the ZyXEL Utility To perform the upgrade, follow the steps below.1Download the latest version of the utility from the ZyXEL web site and save the file on your computer.Note: Before you uninstall the ZyXEL utility, make a copy of your current wireless configurations.2Follow the steps in Section 4.2 on page 43 to remove the current ZyXEL utility from your computer. Restart your computer when prompted.3Disconnect the ZyXEL Device from your computer.4Double-click on the setup program for the new utility to start the ZyXEL utility installation.
ZyXEL MAX-100 Series User’s GuideChapter 4 Maintenance 455Insert the ZyXEL Device and check the version numbers in the About screen to make sure the new utility is installed properly.
ZyXEL MAX-100 Series User’s Guide46 Chapter 4 Maintenance
ZyXEL MAX-100 Series User’s GuideChapter 5 Troubleshooting 47CHAPTER 5TroubleshootingThis chapter covers potential problems and the possible remedies. After each problem description, some instructions are provided to help you to diagnose and to solve the problem.5.1 Problems Starting the ZyXEL Utility 5.2 Problems Connecting to the InternetTable 16 Troubleshooting Starting the ZyXEL Utility PROBLEM CORRECTIVE ACTIONCannot start the ZyXEL utilityMake sure the ZyXEL Device is properly inserted and the PWR LED is on. Use the Device Manager to check for possible hardware conflicts. Click Start, Settings, Control Panel, System, Hardware and Device Manager. Verify the status of the ZyXEL Device under Network Adapter. (Steps may vary depending on the version of Windows). Install the ZyXEL utility and the ZyXEL Device in another computer and attempt to start the utility.If the error persists, you may have a hardware problem. In this case, you should contact your local vendor.The ZyXEL utility icon does not display.Restart your computer and insert the ZyXEL Device. If the icon still does not display, uninstall (remove) and re-install the ZyXEL utility.Table 17 Troubleshooting Internet Connection PROBLEM CORRECTIVE ACTIONI cannot access the Internet.Check your connection. Open the ZyXEL utility and check the Link Info screen. If the ZyXEL Device cannot detect a signal, you are not connected to a base station. Use the following steps to make sure you are using the correct settings.Check your security settings. Open the Profile screen in the ZyXEL utility and make sure that you are using the correct security settings for your Internet account.Check your frequency settings. The ZyXEL Device may have been set to search the wrong frequencies for a wireless connection. Open the Site Survey screen in the ZyXEL utility and ensure that the values are correct. If you are unsure of the correct values, contact your service provider.Check your IP settings. You may be using IP address settings incompatible with your Internet account. If you are unsure of the correct settings, contact your service provider. See Appendix C on page 55 for information on how to set up your IP address.
ZyXEL MAX-100 Series User’s Guide48 Chapter 5 Troubleshooting5.3 Problems with the Link QualityTable 18 Troubleshooting Link Quality PROBLEM CORRECTIVE ACTIONInternet access is slow or intermittent.The quality of the ZyXEL Device’s wireless connection to the base station may be poor.Use the Link Info screen in the ZyXEL utility to see information about your wireless connection.Poor signal reception may be improved by changing the position of the antenna, or moving the ZyXEL Device away from thick walls and other obstructions or to a higher floor in your building. There may be radio interference caused by nearby electrical devices such as microwave ovens and radio transmitters. Move the ZyXEL Device away or switch the other devices off.Weather conditions may also affect signal quality.
ZyXEL MAX-100 Series User’s GuideAppendix A 49APPENDIX AProduct SpecificationsTable 19 Product Specifications PHYSICAL AND ENVIRONMENTALProduct Name ZyXEL MAX-100 Series WiMAX PCMCIA CardInterface 3.3V 16-bit PCMCIA cardStandards IEEE 802.16e-2005 Antenna 1 X 2dBi omni dipole antennaOperating Temperature 0 ~ 45 degrees CStorage Temperature -25 ~ 55 degrees COperating Humidity 10% ~ 90% (non-condensing)Storage Humidity 10% ~ 95%Power Maximum 2WDimensions 58 x 125 x 10mmRADIO SPECIFICATIONSMedia Access Protocol IEEE 802.16eWiMAX Frequency Range MAX-100: 2.5 ~ 2.7 GHzMAX-110: 3.4 ~ 3.6 GHzMAX-130: 2.3 ~ 2.4 GHzData Rate Downlink: Maximum 5MbpsUplink: Maximum 2MbpsModulation QPSK (upload and download)16-QAM (upload and download)64-QAM (download only)Output Power 23dBm (+/- 1dB)Duplex mode Time Division Duplex (TDD)SOFTWARE SPECIFICATIONSDevice Drivers Windows 2000 (Service Pack 4 or later)Windows XP (Service Pack 2 or later)Security PKMv2EAPCCMP, 128-bit AESSystem Requirements Pentium II 300 MHz or abovePCMCIA portMinimum 20 MB available hard disk spaceMinimum 32 MB RAMCD-ROM drive
ZyXEL MAX-100 Series User’s Guide50 Appendix A
ZyXEL MAX-100 Series User’s Guide51APPENDIX BWiMAX SecurityWireless security is vital to protect your wireless communications. Without it, information transmitted over the wireless network would be accessible to any networking device within range.User Authentication and Data EncryptionThe WiMAX (IEEE 802.16) standard employs user authentication and encryption to ensure secured communication at all times.User authentication is the process of confirming a user’s identity and level of authorization. Data encryption is the process of encoding information so that it cannot be read by anyone who does not know the code. WiMAX uses PKMv2 (Privacy Key Management version 2) for authentication, and CCMP (Counter Mode with Cipher Block Chaining Message Authentication Protocol) for data encryption. WiMAX also supports EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol, RFC 2486) which allows additional authentication methods to be deployed with no changes to the base station or the mobile or subscriber stations.PKMv2PKMv2 is a procedure that allows authentication of a mobile or subscriber station and negotiation of a public key to encrypt traffic between the MS/SS and the base station. PKMv2 uses standard EAP methods such as Transport Layer Security (EAP-TLS) or Tunneled TLS (EAP-TTLS) for secure communication. In cryptography, a ‘key’ is a piece of information, typically a string of random numbers and letters, that can be used to ‘lock’ (encrypt) or ‘unlock’ (decrypt) a message. Public key encryption uses key pairs, which consist of a public (freely available) key and a private (secret) key. The public key is used for encryption and the private key is used for decryption. You can decrypt a message only if you have the private key. Public key certificates (or ‘digital IDs’) allow users to verify each other’s identity. CCMPAll traffic in a WiMAX network is encrypted using CCMP (Counter Mode with Cipher Block Chaining Message Authentication Protocol). CCMP is based on the 128-bit Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm.
ZyXEL MAX-100 Series User’s Guide52‘Counter mode’ refers to the encryption of each block of plain text with an arbitrary number, known as the counter. This number changes each time a block of plain text is encrypted. Counter mode avoids the security weakness of repeated identical blocks of encrypted text that makes encrypted data vulnerable to pattern-spotting.‘Cipher Block Chaining Message Authentication’ (also known as CBC-MAC) ensures message integrity by encrypting each block of plain text in such a way that its encryption is dependent on the block before it. This series of ‘chained’ blocks creates a message authentication code (MAC or CMAC) that ensures the encrypted data has not been tampered with.Security AssociationThe set of information about user authentication and data encryption between two computers is known as a security association (SA). In a WiMAX network, the process of security association has three stages.• Authorization request and replyThe MS/SS presents its public certificate to the base station. The base station verifies the certificate and sends an authentication key (AK) to the MS/SS.• Key request and replyThe MS/SS requests a transport encryption key (TEK) which the base station generates and encrypts using the authentication key. • Encrypted trafficThe MS/SS decrypts the TEK (using the authentication key). Both stations can now securely encrypt and decrypt the data flow.RADIUSRADIUS is based on a client-server model that supports authentication, authorization and accounting (AAA). The base station is the client and the server is the RADIUS server. The RADIUS server handles the following tasks:• Authentication Determines the identity of the users.• AuthorizationDetermines the network services available to authenticated users once they are connected to the network.• AccountingKeeps track of the client’s network activity.
ZyXEL MAX-100 Series User’s Guide53RADIUS is a simple package exchange in which your base station acts as a message relay between the MS/SS and the network RADIUS server. Types of RADIUS MessagesThe following types of RADIUS messages are exchanged between the base station and the RADIUS server for user authentication:• Access-RequestSent by a base station requesting authentication.• Access-RejectSent by a RADIUS server rejecting access.• Access-AcceptSent by a RADIUS server allowing access. • Access-ChallengeSent by a RADIUS server requesting more information in order to allow access. The base station sends a proper response from the user and then sends another Access-Request message. The following types of RADIUS messages are exchanged between the base station and the RADIUS server for user accounting:• Accounting-RequestSent by the base station requesting accounting.• Accounting-ResponseSent by the RADIUS server to indicate that it has started or stopped accounting. In order to ensure network security, the access point and the RADIUS server use a shared secret key, which is a password they both know. The key is not sent over the network. In addition to the shared key, password information exchanged is also encrypted to protect the network from unauthorized access. DiameterDiameter (RFC 3588) is a type of AAA server that provides several improvements over RADIUS in efficiency, security, and support for roaming. EAP Authentication TypesThe type of authentication you use depends on the AAA server.
ZyXEL MAX-100 Series User’s Guide54EAP-TLS (Transport Layer Security)With EAP-TLS, digital certifications are needed by both the server and the wireless clients for mutual authentication. The server presents a certificate to the client. After validating the identity of the server, the client sends a different certificate to the server. The exchange of certificates is done in the open before a secured tunnel is created. This makes user identity vulnerable to passive attacks. A digital certificate is an electronic ID card that authenticates the sender’s identity. However, to implement EAP-TLS, you need a Certificate Authority (CA) to handle certificates, which imposes a management overhead. EAP-TTLS (Tunneled Transport Layer Service) EAP-TTLS is an extension of the EAP-TLS authentication that uses certificates for only the server-side authentications to establish a secure connection. Client authentication is then done by sending user name and password through the secure connection, thus client identity is protected. For client authentication, EAP-TTLS supports EAP methods and legacy authentication methods such as PAP, CHAP, MS-CHAP and MS-CHAP v2. See Section 3.7 on page 38 for details.
ZyXEL MAX-100 Series User’s Guide55APPENDIX CSetting up Your Computer’s IP AddressAll computers must have TCP/IP installed. Windows 2000 and Windows XP usually include TCP/IP.Configure the TCP/IP settings in order to communicate with your network. Windows 2000/XP1Click start (Start in Windows 2000), Control Panel. Figure 26 Windows XP: Start Menu2Click Network Connections (Network and Dial-up Connections in Windows 2000).
ZyXEL MAX-100 Series User’s Guide56Figure 27 Windows XP: Control Panel3Right-click Local Area Connection and then click Properties.Figure 28 Windows XP: Control Panel: Network Connections: Properties4Select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) (under the General tab in Win XP) and click Properties.
ZyXEL MAX-100 Series User’s Guide57Figure 29 Windows XP: Local Area Connection Properties5The Internet Protocol TCP/IP Properties window (the General tab in Windows XP) opens.Figure 30 Windows XP: Internet Protocol TCP/IP Properties• If you have a dynamic IP address click Obtain an IP address automatically.• If you have a static IP address click Use the following IP Address and fill in the IP address, Subnet mask, and Default gateway fields. Click Advanced.
ZyXEL MAX-100 Series User’s Guide58Figure 31 Windows XP: Advanced TCP/IP Settings6If you do not know your gateway's IP address, remove any previously installed gateways in the IP Settings tab and click OK.Do one or more of the following if you want to configure additional IP addresses:•In the IP Settings tab, in IP addresses, click Add.•In TCP/IP Address, type an IP address in IP address and a subnet mask in Subnet mask, and then click Add.• Repeat the above two steps for each IP address you want to add.• Configure additional default gateways in the IP Settings tab by clicking Add in Default gateways.•In TCP/IP Gateway Address, type the IP address of the default gateway in Gateway. To manually configure a default metric (the number of transmission hops), clear the Automatic metric check box and type a metric in Metric.• Click Add. • Repeat the previous three steps for each default gateway you want to add.• Click OK when finished.7In the Internet Protocol TCP/IP Properties window (the General tab in Windows XP):• Click Obtain DNS server address automatically if you do not know your DNS server IP address(es).
ZyXEL MAX-100 Series User’s Guide59• If you know your DNS server IP address(es), click Use the following DNS server addresses, and type them in the Preferred DNS server and Alternate DNS server fields. If you have previously configured DNS servers, click Advanced and then the DNS tab to order them.Figure 32 Windows XP: Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties8Click OK to close the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window.9Click Close (OK in Windows 2000) to close the Local Area Connection Properties window.10Close the Network Connections window (Network and Dial-up Connections in Windows 2000).11Restart your computer (if prompted).Verifying Settings1Click Start, All Programs, Accessories and then Command Prompt.2In the Command Prompt window, type "ipconfig" and then press [ENTER]. You can also open Network Connections, right-click a network connection, click Status and then click the Support tab.
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ZyXEL MAX-100 Series User’s GuideIndex 61IndexAAAA 37about 43about your ZyXEL Device 19account details 24accounting serversee AAAadapter 39advanced encryption standardsee AESAES 51AK 52anonymous identity 38antenna 49application example 23authentication 37, 38, 51inner 38, 53types 53authentication keysee AKauthentication serversee AAAauthorization 51authorization request and reply 52authorization serversee AAABbase stationsee BSBS 27links 27CCA 54CBC-MAC 52CCMP 51, 52CD 17cell 27certificate 51verification 52Certificate Authoritysee CAcertifications 4notices 5viewing 5chaining 52chaining message authenticationsee CCMPCMACsee MACconfiguration 27statistics 29connection 17, 20status 21, 29contact information 8copyright 3counter modesee CCMPcoverage area 27cryptography 51customer support 8Ddata encryption 51, 52data flow 52data rate 49statistics 29decryption 51, 52default values 24Diameter 37digital ID 51dimensions 49disclaimer 3DL frequency 24, 25download frequencysee DL frequencydriver 43, 49duplex 49
ZyXEL MAX-100 Series User’s Guide62 IndexEEAP 37, 38encoding 51encryption 51, 52environmental specifications 49extensible authorization protocolsee EAPFFCC interference statement 4firmware 29, 39frequency 49frequency band 25scanning 25frequency ranges 24, 25Ggraphics icons 18Hhardware 17, 20humidity 49Iicons 18, 20identity 37, 51IEEE 802.16 19, 27, 51IEEE 802.16e 27inner authentication 53installation 17, 20interface 49interference 48Internetaccess 23, 24, 37Internet Service Providersee ISPinteroperability 27introduction 19ISP 23Kkey 51key request and reply 52Llink qualitytroubleshooting 48MMAC 52MAN 27manual site survey 24, 25media access protocol 49message authentication codesee MACmessage integrity 52Metropolitan Area Networksee MANMicrosoft Windows 21microwave 27mobile stationsee MSmodulation 49MS 27Nnetwork activity 37network adapter 19network services 37notebook computer 19Ooperating humidity 49operating temperature 49
ZyXEL MAX-100 Series User’s GuideIndex 63output power 49Ppassword 38pattern-spotting 52PCMCIA 17, 49physical specifications 49PKM 38PKMv2 37, 51, 53plain text encryption 52power 49privacy key managementsee PKMprivate key 51product registration 7product specificationssee specificationsprofile 38public certificate 52public key 51QQuick Start Guide 17, 20Rradio specifications 49RADIUS 37, 52shared secret key 53RADIUS messages 53reception 48registrationproduct 7related documentation 17Ssafety warnings 6secure communication 51secure connection 37security 49, 51settings 29security association 52see SAservices 37settingsfrequency 24Internet access 29security 29signal quality 25signal strength 25site survey 23, 24specifications 49physical and environmental 49radio 49SS 27standards 49storage humidity 49storage temperature 49subscriber stationsee SSsupport 17syntax conventions 17system tray 20Ttabs 23, 24tamperingTDD 49TEK 52temperature 49terms 17Time Division Duplexsee TDDTLS 51trademarks 3transport encryption keysee TEKtransport layer securitysee TLStroubleshooting 47Internet connection 47link quality 48ZyXEL utility 47TTLS 38, 51, 53tunneled TLSsee TTLStutorial 23
ZyXEL MAX-100 Series User’s Guide64 IndexUunauthorized device 51upgrading 44user authentication 51user name 23, 24, 38Wwarranty 7note 7weather conditions 48WiMAX 17, 19, 27security 52WiMAX Forum 27wirelessconfiguration 27wireless connection status 25Wireless Interoperability for Microwave Accesssee WiMAXwireless Metropolitan Area Networksee MANwireless network 23access 27standard 27wireless network adapter 19wireless security 49, 51ZZyXEL Deviceabout 19ZyXEL utility 19, 20, 23, 27access 21icon 20status 21summary 28troubleshooting 47upgrading 44version number 43

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