ZyXEL Communications NBG416N Wireless N-lite Home Router User Manual
ZyXEL Communications Corporation Wireless N-lite Home Router
User Manual
| Download: |  |
| Mirror Download [FCC.gov] | |
| Document ID | 1407475 |
| Application ID | 1jbsAblEHZTMlz4VTFdaJg== |
| Document Description | User Manual |
| Short Term Confidential | No |
| Permanent Confidential | No |
| Supercede | No |
| Document Type | User Manual |
| Display Format | Adobe Acrobat PDF - pdf |
| Filesize | 386.83kB (4835435 bits) |
| Date Submitted | 2011-01-21 00:00:00 |
| Date Available | 2011-01-21 00:00:00 |
| Creation Date | 2010-12-28 16:05:24 |
| Producing Software | Acrobat Distiller 9.4.0 (Windows) |
| Document Lastmod | 2010-12-28 16:48:32 |
| Document Title | User Manual |
| Document Creator | FrameMaker 7.1 |
NBG-416N
Wireless N-lite Home Router
Default Login Details
IP Address
http://192.168.1.1
Username
admin
Password
1234
Firmware
Version 1.0
www.zyxel.com
Edition 1, 12/2010
www.zyxel.com
Copyright © 2011
ZyXEL Communications Corporation
About This User's Guide
About This User's Guide
Intended Audience
This manual is intended for people who want to configure the NBG-416N using the
Web Configurator. You should have at least a basic knowledge of TCP/IP
networking concepts and topology.
Tips for Reading User’s Guides On-Screen
When reading a ZyXEL User’s Guide On-Screen, keep the following in mind:
• If you don’t already have the latest version of Adobe Reader, you can download
it from http://www.adobe.com.
• Use the PDF’s bookmarks to quickly navigate to the areas that interest you.
Adobe Reader’s bookmarks pane opens by default in all ZyXEL User’s Guide
PDFs.
• If you know the page number or know vaguely which page-range you want to
view, you can enter a number in the toolbar in Reader, then press [ENTER] to
jump directly to that page.
• Type [CTRL]+[F] to open the Adobe Reader search utility and enter a word or
phrase. This can help you quickly pinpoint the information you require. You can
also enter text directly into the toolbar in Reader.
• To quickly move around within a page, press the [SPACE] bar. This turns your
cursor into a “hand” with which you can grab the page and move it around freely
on your screen.
• Embedded hyperlinks are actually cross-references to related text. Click them to
jump to the corresponding section of the User’s Guide PDF.
Related Documentation
• Quick Start Guide
The Quick Start Guide is designed to help you get your NBG-416N up and
running right away. It contains information on setting up your network and
configuring for Internet access.
• Supporting Disc
The embedded Web Help contains descriptions of individual screens and
supplementary information.
• Support Disc
Refer to the included CD for support documents.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
About This User's Guide
Documentation Feedback
Send your comments, questions or suggestions to: techwriters@zyxel.com.tw
Thank you!
The Technical Writing Team, ZyXEL Communications Corp.,
6 Innovation Road II, Science-Based Industrial Park, Hsinchu, 30099, Taiwan.
Need More Help?
More help is available at www.zyxel.com.
• Download Library
Search for the latest product updates and documentation from this link. Read
the Tech Doc Overview to find out how to efficiently use the User Guide, Quick
Start Guide and Command Line Interface Reference Guide in order to better
understand how to use your product.
• Knowledge Base
If you have a specific question about your product, the answer may be here.
This is a collection of answers to previously asked questions about ZyXEL
products.
• Forum
This contains discussions on ZyXEL products. Learn from others who use ZyXEL
products and share your experiences as well.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
About This User's Guide
Customer Support
Should problems arise that cannot be solved by the methods listed above, you
should contact your vendor. If you cannot contact your vendor, then contact a
ZyXEL office for the region in which you bought the device.
See http://www.zyxel.com/web/contact_us.php for contact information. Please
have the following information ready when you contact an office.
• Product model and serial number.
• Warranty Information.
• Date that you received your device.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
Document Conventions
Document Conventions
Warnings and Notes
These are how warnings and notes are shown in this User’s Guide.
Warnings tell you about things that could harm you or your device.
Note: Notes tell you other important information (for example, other things you may
need to configure or helpful tips) or recommendations.
Syntax Conventions
• The NBG-416N may be referred to as the “NBG-416N”, the “device”, the
“product” or the “system” in this User’s Guide.
• Product labels, screen names, field labels and field choices are all in bold font.
• A key stroke is denoted by square brackets and uppercase text, for example,
[ENTER] means the “enter” or “return” key on your keyboard.
• “Enter” means for you to type one or more characters and then press the
[ENTER] key. “Select” or “choose” means for you to use one of the predefined
choices.
• A right angle bracket ( > ) within a screen name denotes a mouse click. For
example, Maintenance > Log > Log Setting means you first click
Maintenance in the navigation panel, then the Log sub menu and finally the
Log Setting tab to get to that screen.
• Units of measurement may denote the “metric” value or the “scientific” value.
For example, “k” for kilo may denote “1000” or “1024”, “M” for mega may
denote “1000000” or “1048576” and so on.
• “e.g.,” is a shorthand for “for instance”, and “i.e.,” means “that is” or “in other
words”.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
Document Conventions
Icons Used in Figures
Figures in this User’s Guide may use the following generic icons. The NBG-416N
icon is not an exact representation of your device.
NBG-416N
Computer
Notebook computer
Server
Modem
Firewall
Telephone
Switch
Router
NBG-416N User’s Guide
Safety Warnings
Safety Warnings
• Do NOT use this product near water, for example, in a wet basement or near a swimming
pool.
• Do NOT expose your device to dampness, dust or corrosive liquids.
• Do NOT store things on the device.
• Do NOT install, use, or service this device during a thunderstorm. There is a remote risk
of electric shock from lightning.
• Connect ONLY suitable accessories to the device.
• Do NOT open the device or unit. Opening or removing covers can expose you to
dangerous high voltage points or other risks. ONLY qualified service personnel should
service or disassemble this device. Please contact your vendor for further information.
• Make sure to connect the cables to the correct ports.
• Place connecting cables carefully so that no one will step on them or stumble over them.
• Always disconnect all cables from this device before servicing or disassembling.
• Use ONLY an appropriate power adaptor or cord for your device.
• Connect the power adaptor or cord to the right supply voltage (for example, 110V AC in
North America or 230V AC in Europe).
• Do NOT allow anything to rest on the power adaptor or cord and do NOT place the
product where anyone can walk on the power adaptor or cord.
• Do NOT use the device if the power adaptor or cord is damaged as it might cause
electrocution.
• If the power adaptor or cord is damaged, remove it from the power outlet.
• Do NOT attempt to repair the power adaptor or cord. Contact your local vendor to order a
new one.
• Do not use the device outside, and make sure all the connections are indoors. There is a
remote risk of electric shock from lightning.
• Do NOT obstruct the device ventilation slots, as insufficient airflow may harm your
device.
• Antenna Warning! This device meets ETSI and FCC certification requirements when using
the included antenna(s). Only use the included antenna(s).
• If you wall mount your device, make sure that no electrical lines, gas or water pipes will
be damaged.
Your product is marked with this symbol, which is known as the WEEE mark. WEEE
stands for Waste Electronics and Electrical Equipment. It means that used electrical
and electronic products should not be mixed with general waste. Used electrical and
electronic equipment should be treated separately.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
Contents Overview
Contents Overview
User’s Guide ........................................................................................................................... 17
Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 19
The WPS Button ........................................................................................................................ 23
The Web Configurator ............................................................................................................... 25
Connection Wizard .................................................................................................................... 35
AP Mode .................................................................................................................................... 49
Tutorials ..................................................................................................................................... 57
Technical Reference .............................................................................................................. 65
Wireless LAN ............................................................................................................................. 67
WAN .......................................................................................................................................... 83
LAN ............................................................................................................................................ 91
DHCP Server ............................................................................................................................. 95
Network Address Translation (NAT) ........................................................................................ 101
Firewall .................................................................................................................................... 109
Remote Management ...............................................................................................................113
Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) ..............................................................................................117
System ..................................................................................................................................... 125
Logs ......................................................................................................................................... 131
Tools ........................................................................................................................................ 133
Sys OP Mode .......................................................................................................................... 139
Language ................................................................................................................................. 143
Troubleshooting ....................................................................................................................... 145
Product Specifications ............................................................................................................. 153
NBG-416N User’s Guide
Contents Overview
10
NBG-416N User’s Guide
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
About This User's Guide .......................................................................................................... 3
Document Conventions............................................................................................................ 6
Safety Warnings........................................................................................................................ 8
Contents Overview ................................................................................................................... 9
Table of Contents.................................................................................................................... 11
Part I: User’s Guide................................................................................ 17
Chapter 1
Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 19
1.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 19
1.2 Applications ......................................................................................................................... 19
1.3 Ways to Manage the NBG-416N ......................................................................................... 20
1.4 Good Habits for Managing the NBG-416N .......................................................................... 20
1.5 LEDs .................................................................................................................................... 20
Chapter 2
The WPS Button...................................................................................................................... 23
2.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 23
Chapter 3
The Web Configurator ............................................................................................................ 25
3.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 25
3.2 Accessing the Web Configurator ......................................................................................... 25
3.3 Resetting the NBG-416N ..................................................................................................... 27
3.3.1 Using the RESET Button ............................................................................................ 27
3.4 Navigating the Web Configurator
...................................................................................... 27
3.5 Status Screen (Router Mode) .............................................................................................. 28
3.5.1 Navigation Panel ........................................................................................................ 30
3.5.2 Summary: DHCP Table
........................................................................................... 32
3.5.3 Summary: Packet Statistics
..................................................................................... 33
3.5.4 Summary: WLAN Station Status
............................................................................ 34
Chapter 4
Connection Wizard ................................................................................................................. 35
NBG-416N User’s Guide
11
Table of Contents
4.1 Wizard Setup ....................................................................................................................... 35
4.2 Connection Wizard: STEP 1: System Information ............................................................... 36
4.2.1 System Name ............................................................................................................. 36
4.2.2 Domain Name ............................................................................................................ 37
4.3 Connection Wizard: STEP 2: Wireless LAN ........................................................................ 38
4.3.1 Extend (WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK) Security ............................................................... 39
4.4 Connection Wizard: STEP 3: Internet Configuration ........................................................... 39
4.4.1 Ethernet Connection .................................................................................................. 40
4.4.2 PPPoE Connection .................................................................................................... 40
4.4.3 PPTP Connection ....................................................................................................... 42
4.4.4 Your IP Address ......................................................................................................... 43
4.4.5 WAN IP Address Assignment ..................................................................................... 44
4.4.6 IP Address and Subnet Mask ..................................................................................... 44
4.4.7 DNS Server Address Assignment .............................................................................. 45
4.4.8 WAN IP and DNS Server Address Assignment ......................................................... 46
4.4.9 WAN MAC Address .................................................................................................... 47
4.5 Connection Wizard Complete .............................................................................................. 48
Chapter 5
AP Mode................................................................................................................................... 49
5.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 49
5.2 Setting your NBG-416N to AP Mode ................................................................................... 49
5.3 Status Screen (AP Mode) .................................................................................................... 50
5.3.1 Navigation Panel ........................................................................................................ 52
5.4 Configuring Your Settings .................................................................................................... 53
5.4.1 LAN Settings .............................................................................................................. 53
5.4.2 WLAN and Maintenance Settings .............................................................................. 54
5.5 Logging in to the Web Configurator in AP Mode ................................................................. 54
Chapter 6
Tutorials ................................................................................................................................... 57
6.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 57
6.2 How to Connect to the Internet from an AP ......................................................................... 57
6.2.1 Configure Wireless Security Using WPS on both your NBG-416N and Wireless Client
57
6.3 Enable and Configure Wireless Security without WPS on your NBG-416N ........................ 61
Part II: Technical Reference .................................................................. 65
Chapter 7
Wireless LAN........................................................................................................................... 67
7.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 67
12
NBG-416N User’s Guide
Table of Contents
7.2 What You Can Do ................................................................................................................ 68
7.3 What You Should Know ....................................................................................................... 68
7.3.1 Wireless Security Overview ....................................................................................... 68
7.4 General Wireless LAN Screen ............................................................................................ 71
7.4.1 No Security ................................................................................................................. 72
7.4.2 WEP Encryption ......................................................................................................... 73
7.4.3 WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK ................................................................................................ 75
7.5 MAC Filter ............................................................................................................................ 76
7.6 Wireless LAN Advanced Screen ......................................................................................... 77
7.7 Quality of Service (QoS) Screen ......................................................................................... 79
7.8 WPS Screen ........................................................................................................................ 80
7.9 WPS Station Screen ............................................................................................................ 81
7.10 Scheduling Screen ............................................................................................................ 81
Chapter 8
WAN.......................................................................................................................................... 83
8.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 83
8.2 What You Need To Know ..................................................................................................... 83
8.2.1 Configuring Your Internet Connection ........................................................................ 84
8.3 Internet Connection ............................................................................................................. 85
8.3.1 Ethernet Encapsulation .............................................................................................. 85
8.3.2 PPPoE Encapsulation ................................................................................................ 87
8.3.3 PPTP Encapsulation .................................................................................................. 88
Chapter 9
LAN........................................................................................................................................... 91
9.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 91
9.2 What You Need To Know ..................................................................................................... 92
9.2.1 IP Pool Setup ............................................................................................................. 92
9.2.2 LAN TCP/IP ................................................................................................................ 92
9.3 LAN IP Screen ..................................................................................................................... 93
Chapter 10
DHCP Server............................................................................................................................ 95
10.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................ 95
10.2 What You Can Do .............................................................................................................. 95
10.3 What You Need To Know ................................................................................................... 95
10.4 General Screen ................................................................................................................. 96
10.5 Advanced Screen
........................................................................................................... 96
10.6 Client List Screen .............................................................................................................. 98
Chapter 11
Network Address Translation (NAT).................................................................................... 101
NBG-416N User’s Guide
13
Table of Contents
11.1 Overview
....................................................................................................................... 101
11.2 What You Can Do ............................................................................................................ 102
11.2.1 What You Need To Know ........................................................................................ 102
11.3 General NAT Screen ........................................................................................................ 104
11.4 NAT Application Screen ................................................................................................. 105
11.5 Technical Reference ........................................................................................................ 107
11.5.1 NAT Port Forwarding: Services and Port Numbers ................................................ 107
11.5.2 NAT Port Forwarding Example ............................................................................... 108
Chapter 12
Firewall................................................................................................................................... 109
12.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................ 109
12.2 What You Can Do ............................................................................................................ 109
12.3 What You Need To Know ..................................................................................................110
12.3.1 About the NBG-416N Firewall .................................................................................110
12.3.2 VPN Pass Through Features ..................................................................................110
12.4 General Firewall Screen
12.5 Services Screen
................................................................................................111
............................................................................................................111
Chapter 13
Remote Management............................................................................................................ 113
13.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................113
13.2 What You Need To Know ..................................................................................................113
13.2.1 Remote Management Limitations ...........................................................................114
13.2.2 Remote Management and NAT ...............................................................................114
13.2.3 System Timeout ......................................................................................................114
13.3 WWW Screen
................................................................................................................115
Chapter 14
Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP).......................................................................................... 117
14.1 Overview ..........................................................................................................................117
14.2 What You Need to Know ...................................................................................................117
14.3 UPnP Screen ....................................................................................................................118
14.4 Technical Reference .........................................................................................................119
14.4.1 Using UPnP in Windows XP Example ....................................................................119
14.4.2 Web Configurator Easy Access ............................................................................. 122
Chapter 15
System ................................................................................................................................... 125
15.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 125
15.2 What You Can Do ............................................................................................................ 125
15.3 System General Screen ................................................................................................. 125
15.4 Time Setting Screen ........................................................................................................ 127
14
NBG-416N User’s Guide
Table of Contents
Chapter 16
Logs ....................................................................................................................................... 131
16.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 131
16.2 What You Need to Know .................................................................................................. 131
16.3 View Log Screen .............................................................................................................. 131
Chapter 17
Tools....................................................................................................................................... 133
17.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 133
17.2 What You Can Do ............................................................................................................ 133
17.3 Firmware Upload Screen ................................................................................................. 133
17.4 Configuration Screen ....................................................................................................... 136
17.4.1 Backup Configuration ............................................................................................. 136
17.4.2 Restore Configuration ............................................................................................ 137
17.4.3 Back to Factory Defaults ........................................................................................ 138
17.5 Restart Screen ................................................................................................................. 138
Chapter 18
Sys OP Mode ......................................................................................................................... 139
18.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 139
18.2 What You Need to Know .................................................................................................. 139
18.3 General Screen ............................................................................................................... 140
Chapter 19
Language ............................................................................................................................... 143
19.1 Language Screen ............................................................................................................ 143
Chapter 20
Troubleshooting.................................................................................................................... 145
20.1 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs ...................................................................... 145
20.2 NBG-416N Access and Login .......................................................................................... 146
20.3 Internet Access ................................................................................................................ 148
20.4 Resetting the NBG-416N to Its Factory Defaults ............................................................. 149
20.5 Wireless Router/AP Troubleshooting ............................................................................... 150
Chapter 21
Product Specifications ......................................................................................................... 153
Appendix A IP Addresses and Subnetting ........................................................................... 157
Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScript and Java Permissions ........................................ 167
Appendix C Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address ........................................................... 175
21.0.1 Verifying Settings ................................................................................................... 192
NBG-416N User’s Guide
15
Table of Contents
Appendix D Wireless LANs .................................................................................................. 193
21.0.2 WPA(2)-PSK Application Example ......................................................................... 203
21.0.3 WPA(2) with RADIUS Application Example ........................................................... 203
Appendix E Services ............................................................................................................ 205
Appendix F Open Software Announcements ....................................................................... 209
Appendix G Legal Information.............................................................................................. 231
Index....................................................................................................................................... 239
16
NBG-416N User’s Guide
P ART I
User’s Guide
17
18
CHAPTER
Introduction
1.1 Overview
This chapter introduces the main features and applications of the NBG-416N.
The NBG-416N extends the range of your existing wired network without
additional wiring, providing easy network access to mobile users. You can set up a
wireless network with other IEEE 802.11b/g/n compatible devices.
A range of services such as a firewall and content filtering are also available for
secure Internet computing.
1.2 Applications
Your can create the following networks using the NBG-416N:
• Wired. You can connect network devices via the Ethernet ports of the NBG416N so that they can communicate with each other and access the Internet.
• Wireless. Wireless clients can connect to the NBG-416N to access network
resources.
• WAN. Connect to a broadband modem/router for Internet access.
Figure 1 NBG-416N Network
WLAN
LAN1
LAN2
LAN3
LAN4
NBG-416N User’s Guide
19
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.3 Ways to Manage the NBG-416N
Use any of the following methods to manage the NBG-416N.
• WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup). You can use the WPS button or the WPS section of
the Web Configurator to set up a wireless network with your ZyXEL Device.
• Web Configurator. This is recommended for everyday management of the NBG416N using a (supported) web browser.
1.4 Good Habits for Managing the NBG-416N
Do the following things regularly to make the NBG-416N more secure and to
manage the NBG-416N more effectively.
• Change the password. Use a password that’s not easy to guess and that consists
of different types of characters, such as numbers and letters.
• Write down the password and put it in a safe place.
• Back up the configuration (and make sure you know how to restore it).
Restoring an earlier working configuration may be useful if the device becomes
unstable or even crashes. If you forget your password, you will have to reset the
NBG-416N to its factory default settings. If you backed up an earlier
configuration file, you would not have to totally re-configure the NBG-416N. You
could simply restore your last configuration.
1.5 LEDs
Figure 2 Front Panel
The following table describes the LEDs and the WPS button.
Table 1 Front Panel LEDs and WPS Button
20
LED
COLOR
STATUS
DESCRIPTION
POWER
Green
On
The NBG-416N is receiving power and
functioning properly.
Off
The NBG-416N is not receiving power.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
Chapter 1 Introduction
Table 1 Front Panel LEDs and WPS Button (continued)
LED
COLOR
STATUS
DESCRIPTION
LAN 1-4
Green
On
The NBG-416N has a successful 10/100MB LAN
connection.
Blinking
The NBG-416N is sending/receiving data through
the LAN.
Off
The LAN is not connected.
On
The NBG-416N has a successful 10/100MB WAN
connection.
Blinking
The NBG-416N is sending/receiving data through
the WAN.
Off
The WAN connection is not ready, or has failed.
On
The NBG-416N is ready, but is not sending/
receiving data through the wireless LAN.
Blinking
The NBG-416N is sending/receiving data through
the wireless LAN.
WAN
WLAN
Green
Green
The NBG-416N is negotiating a WPS connection
with a wireless client.
WPS
NBG-416N User’s Guide
Green
Off
The wireless LAN is not ready or has failed.
On
WPS status is configured.
Blinking
The NBG-416N is negotiating a WPS connection
with a wireless client.
Off
The WPS status is not configured or disabled.
21
Chapter 1 Introduction
22
NBG-416N User’s Guide
CHAPTER
The WPS Button
2.1 Overview
Your NBG-416N supports WiFi Protected Setup (WPS), which is an easy way to set
up a secure wireless network. WPS is an industry standard specification, defined
by the WiFi Alliance.
WPS allows you to quickly set up a wireless network with strong security, without
having to configure security settings manually. Each WPS connection works
between two devices. Both devices must support WPS (check each device’s
documentation to make sure).
Depending on the devices you have, you can either press a button (on the device
itself, or in its configuration utility) or enter a PIN (a unique Personal Identification
Number that allows one device to authenticate the other) in each of the two
devices. When WPS is activated on a device, it has two minutes to find another
device that also has WPS activated. Then, the two devices connect and set up a
secure network by themselves.
For more information on using WPS, see Section 6.2.1 on page 57.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
23
Chapter 2 The WPS Button
24
NBG-416N User’s Guide
CHAPTER
The Web Configurator
3.1 Overview
This chapter describes how to access the NBG-416N Web Configurator and
provides an overview of its screens.
The Web Configurator is an HTML-based management interface that allows easy
setup and management of the NBG-416N via Internet browser. Use Internet
Explorer 6.0 and later versions, Mozilla Firefox 3 and later versions, or Safari 2.0
and later versions. The recommended screen resolution is 1024 by 768 pixels.
In order to use the Web Configurator you need to allow:
• Web browser pop-up windows from your device. Web pop-up blocking is enabled
by default in Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2.
• JavaScript (enabled by default).
• Java permissions (enabled by default).
Refer to Chapter 20 Troubleshooting to see how to make sure these functions are
allowed in Internet Explorer.
3.2 Accessing the Web Configurator
Make sure your NBG-416N hardware is properly connected and prepare your
computer or computer network to connect to the NBG-416N (refer to the Quick
Start Guide).
Launch your web browser.
Type "http://192.168.1.1" as the website address.
Your computer must be in the same subnet in order to access this website
address.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
25
Chapter 3 The Web Configurator
Type admin (default) as the user name and 1234 (default) as the password and
click OK.
Figure 3 Login Screen
You should see a screen asking you to change your password (highly
recommended) as shown next. Type a new password (and retype it to confirm)
and click Apply or click Ignore.
Figure 4 Change Password Screen
Note: The management session automatically times out when the time period set in
the Administrator Inactivity Timer field expires (default five minutes). Simply
log back into the NBG-416N if this happens.
Select the setup mode you want to use.
• Click Go to Wizard Setup to use the Configuration Wizard for basic Internet
and Wireless setup.
• Click Go to Advanced Setup to view and configure all the NBG-416N’s
settings.
26
NBG-416N User’s Guide
Chapter 3 The Web Configurator
• Select a language to go to the basic Web Configurator in that language. To
change to the advanced configurator see Chapter 19 on page 143.
Figure 5
Selecting the setup mode
3.3 Resetting the NBG-416N
If you forget your password or IP address, or you cannot access the Web
Configurator, you will need to use the RESET button at the back of the NBG-416N
to reload the factory-default configuration file. This means that you will lose all
configurations that you had previously saved, the username will be reset to
admin and password will be reset to 1234. The IP address will be reset to
“192.168.1.1”.
3.3.1 Using the RESET Button
Make sure the power LED is on.
Press the RESET button for longer than 1 second to restart/reboot the NBG-416N.
Press the RESET button for longer than five seconds to set the NBG-416N back to
its factory-default configurations.
3.4 Navigating the Web Configurator
The following summarizes how to navigate the Web Configurator from the Status
screen in Router Mode and AP Mode.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
27
Chapter 3 The Web Configurator
3.5 Status Screen (Router Mode)
Click on Status. The screen below shows the status screen in Router Mode.
(For information on the status screen in AP Mode see Chapter 5 on page 50.)
Figure 6 Status Screen (Router Mode)
The following table describes the icons shown in the Status screen.
Table 2 Status Screen Icon Key
ICON
DESCRIPTION
Click this icon to open the setup wizard.
Click this icon to view copyright and a link for related product information.
Click this icon at any time to exit the Web Configurator.
Select a number of seconds or None from the drop-down list box to refresh
all screen statistics automatically at the end of every time interval or to not
refresh the screen statistics.
Click this button to refresh the status screen statistics.
28
NBG-416N User’s Guide
Chapter 3 The Web Configurator
The following table describes the labels shown in the Status screen.
Table 3 Web Configurator Status Screen (Router Mode)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Device Information
System Name
This is the System Name you enter in the Maintenance > System >
General screen. It is for identification purposes.
Firmware Version
This is the current firmware version of the NBG-416N.
WAN Information
- MAC Address
This shows the WAN Ethernet adapter MAC Address of your device.
- Connection Type
This shows the current connection type.
- IP Address
This shows the WAN port’s IP address.
- IP Subnet Mask
This shows the WAN port’s subnet mask.
- Gateway
This shows the WAN port’s gateway IP address.
- DNS
This shows the IP address of your DNS server.
LAN Information
- MAC Address
This shows the LAN Ethernet adapter MAC Address of your device.
- IP Address
This shows the LAN port’s IP address.
- IP Subnet Mask
This shows the LAN port’s subnet mask.
- DHCP
This shows the LAN port’s DHCP role - Server or None.
WLAN Information
- MAC Address
This shows the wireless adapter MAC Address of your device.
- Status
This shows the current status of the Wireless LAN - On, Off or Off by
scheduler.
- Name (SSID)
This shows a descriptive name used to identify the NBG-416N in the
wireless LAN.
- Channel
This shows the channel number which you select manually.
- Security Mode
This shows the level of wireless security the NBG-416N is using.
- 802.11 Mode
This shows the wireless standard.
- WPS
This displays Configured when the WPS has been set up.
This displays Unconfigured if the WPS has not been set up.
Click the status to display Network > Wireless LAN > WPS screen.
System Status
System Up Time
This is the total time the NBG-416N has been on.
Current Date/Time
This field displays your NBG-416N’s present date and time.
System Resource
- CPU Usage
This displays what percentage of the NBG-416N’s processing ability is
currently used. When this percentage is close to 100%, the NBG-416N is
running at full load, and the throughput is not going to improve anymore.
If you want some applications to have more throughput, you should turn
off other applications.
- Memory Usage
This shows what percentage of the heap memory the NBG-416N is using.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
29
Chapter 3 The Web Configurator
Table 3 Web Configurator Status Screen (Router Mode) (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
System Setting
- Firewall
This shows whether the firewall is active or not.
- UPnP
This shows whether UPnP is active or not.
Interface Status
Interface
This displays the NBG-416N port types. The port types are: WAN, LAN
and WLAN.
Status
For the LAN and WAN ports, this field displays Down (line is down) or Up
(line is up or connected).
For the WLAN, it displays Up when the WLAN is enabled or Down when
the WLAN is disabled.
Rate
For the LAN ports, this displays the port speed and duplex setting or N/A
when the line is disconnected.
For the WAN port, it displays the port speed and duplex setting if you’re
using Ethernet encapsulation and Idle (line (ppp) idle), Dial (starting to
trigger a call) and Drop (dropping a call) if you're using PPPoE or PPTP
encapsulation. This field displays N/A when the line is disconnected.
For the WLAN, it displays the maximum transmission rate when the WLAN
is enabled and N/A when the WLAN is disabled.
Summary
DHCP Table
Use this screen to view current DHCP client information.
Packet Statistics
Use this screen to view port status and packet specific statistics.
WLAN Station Status
Use this screen to view the wireless stations that are currently associated
to the NBG-416N.
3.5.1 Navigation Panel
Use the sub-menus on the navigation panel to configure NBG-416N features.
The following table describes the sub-menus.
Table 4 Screens Summary
LINK
Status
TAB
FUNCTION
This screen shows the NBG-416N’s general device, system
and interface status information. Use this screen to access
the wizard, and summary statistics tables.
Network
30
NBG-416N User’s Guide
Chapter 3 The Web Configurator
Table 4 Screens Summary (continued)
LINK
TAB
FUNCTION
General
Use this screen to configure wireless LAN.
MAC Filter
Use the MAC filter screen to configure the NBG-416N to
block access to devices or block the devices from
accessing the NBG-416N.
Advanced
This screen allows you to configure advanced wireless
settings.
QoS
Use this screen to configure Wi-Fi Multimedia Quality of
Service (WMM QoS). WMM QoS allows you to prioritize
wireless traffic according to the delivery requirements of
individual services.
WPS
Use this screen to configure WPS.
WPS Station
Use this screen to add a wireless station using WPS.
Scheduling
Use this screen to schedule the times the Wireless LAN is
enabled.
WAN
Internet
Connection
This screen allows you to configure ISP parameters, WAN
IP address assignment, DNS servers and the WAN MAC
address.
LAN
IP
Use this screen to configure LAN IP address and subnet
mask.
DHCP
Server
General
Use this screen to enable the NBG-416N’s DHCP server.
Advanced
Use this screen to assign IP addresses to specific
individual computers based on their MAC addresses and to
have DNS servers assigned by the DHCP server.
Client List
Use this screen to view current DHCP client information
and to always assign an IP address to a MAC address (and
host name).
General
Use this screen to enable NAT.
Application
Use this screen to configure servers behind the NBG416N.
General
Use this screen to activate/deactivate the firewall.
Services
Use this screen to enable or disable ICMP and VPN
passthrough features.
Remote
MGMT
WWW
Use this screen to configure through which interface(s)
and from which IP address(es) users can use HTTP to
manage the NBG-416N.
UPnP
General
Use this screen to enable UPnP on the NBG-416N.
General
Use this screen to view and change administrative settings
such as system and domain names, password and
inactivity timer.
Time Setting
Use this screen to change your NBG-416N’s time and date.
View Log
Use this screen to view the logs for the categories that you
selected.
Wireless
LAN
NAT
Security
Firewall
Management
Maintenance
System
Logs
NBG-416N User’s Guide
31
Chapter 3 The Web Configurator
Table 4 Screens Summary (continued)
LINK
TAB
FUNCTION
Firmware
Use this screen to upload firmware to your NBG-416N.
Configuration
Use this screen to backup and restore the configuration or
reset the factory defaults to your NBG-416N.
Restart
This screen allows you to reboot the NBG-416N without
turning the power off.
Sys OP
Mode
General
This screen allows you to select whether your device acts
as a Router or a Access Point.
Language
Language
This screen allows you to select the language you prefer.
Tools
3.5.2 Summary: DHCP Table
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, RFC 2131 and RFC 2132) allows
individual clients to obtain TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a server. You can
configure the NBG-416N’s LAN as a DHCP server or disable it. When configured as
a server, the NBG-416N provides the TCP/IP configuration for the clients. If DHCP
service is disabled, you must have another DHCP server on that network, or else
the computer must be manually configured.
Click the DHCP Table (Details...) hyperlink in the Status screen. Read-only
information here relates to your DHCP status. The DHCP table shows current
DHCP client information (including IP Address, Host Name and MAC Address)
of all network clients using the NBG-416N’s DHCP server.
Figure 7 Summary: DHCP Table
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 5 Summary: DHCP Table
32
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
This is the index number of the host computer.
IP Address
This field displays the IP address relative to the # field listed above.
Host Name
This field displays the computer host name.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
Chapter 3 The Web Configurator
Table 5 Summary: DHCP Table (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
MAC Address
This field shows the MAC address of the computer with the name in the
Host Name field.
Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC (Media Access Control) address
which uniquely identifies a device. The MAC address is assigned at the
factory and consists of six pairs of hexadecimal characters, for example,
00:A0:C5:00:00:02.
Refresh
Click Refresh to renew the screen.
3.5.3 Summary: Packet Statistics
Click the Packet Statistics (Details...) hyperlink in the Status screen. Readonly information here includes port status, packet specific statistics and the
"system up time". The Poll Interval(s) field is configurable and is used for
refreshing the screen.
Figure 8 Summary: Packet Statistics
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 6 Summary: Packet Statistics
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Port
This is the NBG-416N’s port type.
Status
For the LAN ports, this displays the port speed and duplex setting or
Down when the line is disconnected.
For the WAN port, it displays the port speed and duplex setting if
you’re using Ethernet encapsulation and Idle (line (ppp) idle), Dial
(starting to trigger a call) and Drop (dropping a call) if you're using
PPPoE or PPTP encapsulation. This field displays Down when the line
is disconnected.
For the WLAN, it displays the maximum transmission rate when the
WLAN is enabled and Down when the WLAN is disabled.
TxPkts
This is the number of transmitted packets on this port.
RxPkts
This is the number of received packets on this port.
Collisions
This is the number of collisions on this port.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
33
Chapter 3 The Web Configurator
Table 6 Summary: Packet Statistics (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Tx B/s
This displays the transmission speed in bytes per second on this port.
Rx B/s
This displays the reception speed in bytes per second on this port.
System Up Time
This is the total time the NBG-416N has been on.
Poll Interval(s)
Enter the time interval for refreshing statistics in this field.
Set Interval
Click this button to apply the new poll interval you entered in the Poll
Interval(s) field.
Stop
Click Stop to stop refreshing statistics.
3.5.4 Summary: WLAN Station Status
Click the WLAN Station Status (Details...) hyperlink in the Status screen. View
the wireless stations that are currently associated to the NBG-416N in the
Association List. Association means that a wireless client (for example, your
network or computer with a wireless network card) has connected successfully to
the AP (or wireless router) using the same SSID, channel and security settings.
Figure 9 Summary: Wireless Association List
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 7 Summary: Wireless Association List
34
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
This is the index number of an associated wireless station.
MAC Address
This field displays the MAC address of an associated wireless station.
Association Time
This field displays the time a wireless station first associated with the
NBG-416N’s WLAN network.
Refresh
Click Refresh to reload the list.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
CHAPTER
Connection Wizard
4.1 Wizard Setup
This chapter provides information on the wizard setup screens in the Web
Configurator.
The Web Configurator’s wizard setup helps you configure your device to access the
Internet. Refer to your ISP (Internet Service Provider) checklist in the Quick Start
Guide to know what to enter in each field. Leave a field blank if you don’t have
that information.
After you access the NBG-416N Web Configurator, click Go to Wizard setup.
You can click Go to Advanced setup to skip this wizard setup and configure basic
or advanced features accordingly.
Figure 10 Select Wizard or Advanced Mode
NBG-416N User’s Guide
35
Chapter 4 Connection Wizard
Choose a language by clicking on the language’s button. The screen will update.
Click the Next button to proceed to the next screen.
Figure 11 Select a Language
Read the on-screen information and click Next.
Figure 12 Welcome to the Connection Wizard
4.2 Connection Wizard: STEP 1: System
Information
System Information contains administrative and system-related information.
4.2.1 System Name
System Name is for identification purposes. However, because some ISPs check
this name you should enter your computer's "Computer Name".
• In Windows 95/98 click Start > Settings > Control Panel > Network. Click
the Identification tab, note the entry for the Computer Name field and enter it
as the System Name.
• In Windows 2000, click Start > Settings and Control Panel and then doubleclick System. Click the Network Identification tab and then the Properties
button. Note the entry for the Computer name field and enter it as the
System Name.
• In Windows XP, click Start > My Computer > View system information and
then click the Computer Name tab. Note the entry in the Full computer
name field and enter it as the NBG-416N System Name.
36
NBG-416N User’s Guide
Chapter 4 Connection Wizard
4.2.2 Domain Name
The Domain Name entry is what is propagated to the DHCP clients on the LAN. If
you leave this blank, the domain name obtained by DHCP from the ISP is used.
While you must enter the host name (System Name) on each individual computer,
the domain name can be assigned from the NBG-416N via DHCP.
Click Next to configure the NBG-416N for Internet access.
Figure 13 Wizard Step 1: System Information
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 8 Wizard Step 1: System Information
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
System
Name
System Name is a unique name to identify the NBG-416N in an Ethernet
network. Enter a descriptive name. This name can be up to 30
alphanumeric characters long. Spaces are not allowed, but dashes "-" and
underscores "_" are accepted.
Domain
Name
Type the domain name (if you know it) here. If you leave this field blank,
the ISP may assign a domain name via DHCP. The domain name entered
by you is given priority over the ISP assigned domain name.
Back
Click Back to display the previous screen.
Next
Click Next to proceed to the next screen.
Exit
Click Exit to close the wizard screen without saving.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
37
Chapter 4 Connection Wizard
4.3 Connection Wizard: STEP 2: Wireless LAN
Set up your wireless LAN using the following screen.
Figure 14 Wizard Step 2: Wireless LAN
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 9 Wizard Step 2: Wireless LAN
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Name
(SSID)
Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 printable 7-bit ASCII characters) for the
wireless LAN.
If you change this field on the NBG-416N, make sure all wireless stations
use the same SSID in order to access the network.
Security
Select a Security level from the drop-down list box.
Choose Auto (WPA2-PSK) to have the NBG-416N generate a pre-shared
key automatically. After you click Next a screen pops up displaying the
generated pre-shared key. Write down the key for use later when
connecting other wireless devices to your network. Click OK to continue.
Choose None to have no wireless LAN security configured. If you do not
enable any wireless security on your NBG-416N, your network is accessible
to any wireless networking device that is within range. If you choose this
option, skip directly to Section 4.4 on page 39.
Choose Extend (WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK) security to configure a PreShared Key. Choose this option only if your wireless clients support WPAPSK or WPA2-PSK respectively. If you choose this option, skip directly to
Section 4.3.1 on page 39.
38
Channel
Selection
The range of radio frequencies used by IEEE 802.11b/g/n wireless devices
is called a channel. The device will automatically select the channel with
the least interference.
Back
Click Back to display the previous screen.
Next
Click Next to proceed to the next screen.
Exit
Click Exit to close the wizard screen without saving.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
Chapter 4 Connection Wizard
Note: The wireless stations and NBG-416N must use the same SSID, channel ID,
WPA-PSK (if WPA-PSK is enabled) or WPA2-PSK (if WPA2-PSK is enabled) for
wireless communication.
4.3.1 Extend (WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK) Security
Choose Extend (WPA-PSK) or Extend (WPA2-PSK) security in the Wireless
LAN setup screen to set up a Pre-Shared Key.
Figure 15 Wizard Step 2: Extend (WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK) Security
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 10 Wizard Step 2: Extend (WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK) Security
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Pre-Shared
Key
Type from 8 to 63 case-sensitive ASCII or HEX characters. You can set up
the most secure wireless connection by configuring WPA in the wireless
LAN screens. You need to configure an authentication server to do this.
Back
Click Back to display the previous screen.
Next
Click Next to proceed to the next screen.
Exit
Click Exit to close the wizard screen without saving.
4.4 Connection Wizard: STEP 3: Internet
Configuration
The NBG-416N offers three Internet connection types. They are Ethernet, PPP
over Ethernet or PPTP. The wizard attempts to detect which WAN connection
type you are using. If the wizard does not detect a connection type, you must
select one from the drop-down list box. Check with your ISP to make sure you use
the correct type.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
39
Chapter 4 Connection Wizard
This wizard screen varies according to the connection type that you select.
Figure 16 Wizard Step 3: ISP Parameters.
The following table describes the labels in this screen,
Table 11 Wizard Step 3: ISP Parameters
CONNECTION
TYPE
DESCRIPTION
Ethernet
Select the Ethernet option when the WAN port is used as a regular
Ethernet.
PPPoE
Select the PPP over Ethernet option for a dial-up connection. If
your ISP gave you an IP address and/or subnet mask, then select
PPTP.
PPTP
Select the PPTP option for a dial-up connection.
4.4.1 Ethernet Connection
Choose Ethernet when the WAN port is used as a regular Ethernet. Continue to
Section 4.4.4 on page 43.
Figure 17 Wizard Step 3: Ethernet Connection
4.4.2 PPPoE Connection
Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE) functions as a dial-up connection.
PPPoE is an IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) standard specifying how a host
40
NBG-416N User’s Guide
Chapter 4 Connection Wizard
personal computer interacts with a broadband modem (for example DSL, cable,
wireless, etc.) to achieve access to high-speed data networks.
For the service provider, PPPoE offers an access and authentication method that
works with existing access control systems (for instance, RADIUS).
One of the benefits of PPPoE is the ability to let end users access one of multiple
network services, a function known as dynamic service selection. This enables the
service provider to easily create and offer new IP services for specific users.
Operationally, PPPoE saves significant effort for both the subscriber and the ISP/
carrier, as it requires no specific configuration of the broadband modem at the
subscriber’s site.
By implementing PPPoE directly on the NBG-416N (rather than individual
computers), the computers on the LAN do not need PPPoE software installed,
since the NBG-416N does that part of the task. Furthermore, with NAT, all of the
LAN's computers will have Internet access.
Figure 18 Wizard Step 3: PPPoE Connection
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 12 Wizard Step 3: PPPoE Connection
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
ISP Parameter for Internet Access
Connection
Type
Select the PPP over Ethernet option for a dial-up connection.
Service Name
Type the name of your service provider.
User Name
Type the user name given to you by your ISP.
Password
Type the password associated with the user name above.
Back
Click Back to return to the previous screen.
Next
Click Next to continue.
Exit
Click Exit to close the wizard screen without saving.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
41
Chapter 4 Connection Wizard
4.4.3 PPTP Connection
Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) is a network protocol that enables
transfers of data from a remote client to a private server, creating a Virtual Private
Network (VPN) using TCP/IP-based networks.
PPTP supports on-demand, multi-protocol, and virtual private networking over
public networks, such as the Internet.
Refer to the appendix for more information on PPTP.
Note: The NBG-416N supports one PPTP server connection at any given time.
Figure 19 Wizard Step 3: PPTP Connection
The following table describes the fields in this screen
Table 13 Wizard Step 3: PPTP Connection
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
ISP Parameters for Internet Access
Connection Type
Select PPTP from the drop-down list box. To configure a PPTP client,
you must configure the User Name and Password fields for a PPP
connection and the PPTP parameters for a PPTP connection.
User Name
Type the user name given to you by your ISP.
Password
Type the password associated with the User Name above.
PPTP Configuration
Server IP
Address
42
Type the IP address of the PPTP server.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
Chapter 4 Connection Wizard
Table 13 Wizard Step 3: PPTP Connection (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Connection ID/
Name
Enter the connection ID or connection name in this field. It must follow
the "c:id" and "n:name" format. For example, C:12 or N:My ISP.
This field is optional and depends on the requirements of your ISP.
Get
automatically
from ISP
Select this radio button if your ISP did not assign you a fixed IP
address.
Use fixed IP
address
Select this radio button, provided by your ISP to give the NBG-416N a
fixed, unique IP address.
My IP
Address
Type the (static) IP address assigned to you by your ISP.
My IP Subnet
Mask
Type the subnet mask assigned to you by your ISP (if given).
Back
Click Back to return to the previous screen.
Next
Click Next to continue.
Exit
Click Exit to close the wizard screen without saving.
4.4.4 Your IP Address
The following wizard screen allows you to assign a fixed IP address or give the
NBG-416N an automatically assigned IP address depending on your ISP.
Figure 20 Wizard Step 3: Your IP Address
The following table describes the labels in this screen
Table 14 Wizard Step 3: Your IP Address
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Get automatically from
your ISP
Select this option If your ISP did not assign you a fixed IP
address. This is the default selection. If you choose this option,
skip directly to Section 4.4.9 on page 47.
Use fixed IP address
provided by your ISP
Select this option if you were given IP address and/or DNS server
settings by the ISP. The fixed IP address should be in the same
subnet as your broadband modem or router.
Back
Click Back to return to the previous screen.
Next
Click Next to continue.
Exit
Click Exit to close the wizard screen without saving.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
43
Chapter 4 Connection Wizard
4.4.5 WAN IP Address Assignment
Every computer on the Internet must have a unique IP address. If your networks
are isolated from the Internet, for instance, only between your two branch offices,
you can assign any IP addresses to the hosts without problems. However, the
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) has reserved the following three
blocks of IP addresses specifically for private networks.
Table 15 Private IP Address Ranges
10.0.0.0
10.255.255.255
172.16.0.0
172.31.255.255
192.168.0.0
192.168.255.255
You can obtain your IP address from the IANA, from an ISP or have it assigned by
a private network. If you belong to a small organization and your Internet access
is through an ISP, the ISP can provide you with the Internet addresses for your
local networks. On the other hand, if you are part of a much larger organization,
you should consult your network administrator for the appropriate IP addresses.
Note: Regardless of your particular situation, do not create an arbitrary IP address;
always follow the guidelines above. For more information on address
assignment, please refer to RFC 1597, Address Allocation for Private Internets
and RFC 1466, Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space.
4.4.6 IP Address and Subnet Mask
Similar to the way houses on a street share a common street name, so too do
computers on a LAN share one common network number.
Where you obtain your network number depends on your particular situation. If
the ISP or your network administrator assigns you a block of registered IP
addresses, follow their instructions in selecting the IP addresses and the subnet
mask.
If the ISP did not explicitly give you an IP network number, then most likely you
have a single user account and the ISP will assign you a dynamic IP address when
the connection is established. The Internet Assigned Number Authority (IANA)
reserved this block of addresses specifically for private use; please do not use any
other number unless you are told otherwise. Let's say you select 192.168.1.0 as
the network number; which covers 254 individual addresses, from 192.168.1.1 to
192.168.1.254 (zero and 255 are reserved). In other words, the first three
numbers specify the network number while the last number identifies an individual
computer on that network.
44
NBG-416N User’s Guide
Chapter 4 Connection Wizard
Once you have decided on the network number, pick an IP address that is easy to
remember, for instance, 192.168.1.1, for your NBG-416N, but make sure that no
other device on your network is using that IP address.
The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your
NBG-416N will compute the subnet mask automatically based on the IP address
that you entered. You don't need to change the subnet mask computed by the
NBG-416N unless you are instructed to do otherwise.
4.4.7 DNS Server Address Assignment
Use DNS (Domain Name System) to map a domain name to its corresponding IP
address and vice versa, for instance, the IP address of www.zyxel.com is
204.217.0.2. The DNS server is extremely important because without it, you must
know the IP address of a computer before you can access it.
The NBG-416N can get the DNS server addresses in the following ways.
The ISP tells you the DNS server addresses, usually in the form of an information
sheet, when you sign up. If your ISP gives you DNS server addresses, enter them
in the DNS Server fields in the Wizard and/or WAN > Internet Connection
screen.
If the ISP did not give you DNS server information, leave the DNS Server fields
set to 0.0.0.0 in the Wizard screen and/or set to From ISP in the WAN >
Internet Connection screen for the ISP to dynamically assign the DNS server IP
addresses.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
45
Chapter 4 Connection Wizard
4.4.8 WAN IP and DNS Server Address Assignment
The following wizard screen allows you to assign a fixed WAN IP address and DNS
server addresses.
Figure 21 Wizard Step 3: WAN IP and DNS Server Addresses
The following table describes the labels in this screen
Table 16 Wizard Step 3: WAN IP and DNS Server Addresses
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
WAN IP Address Assignment
My WAN IP Address
Enter your WAN IP address in this field. The WAN IP address
should be in the same subnet as your DSL/Cable modem or
router.
My WAN IP Subnet
Mask
Enter the IP subnet mask in this field.
Gateway IP Address
Enter the gateway IP address in this field.
System DNS Server Address Assignment (if applicable)
DNS (Domain Name System) is for mapping a domain name to its corresponding IP
address and vice versa. The DNS server is extremely important because without it, you
must know the IP address of a computer before you can access it. The NBG-416N uses a
system DNS server (in the order you specify here) to resolve domain names for DDNS and
the time server.
46
First DNS Server
Enter the DNS server's IP address in the fields provided.
Second DNS Server
If you do not configure a system DNS server, you must use IP
addresses when configuring DDNS and the time server.
Back
Click Back to return to the previous screen.
Next
Click Next to continue.
Exit
Click Exit to close the wizard screen without saving.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
Chapter 4 Connection Wizard
4.4.9 WAN MAC Address
Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC (Media Access Control) address. The MAC
address is assigned at the factory and consists of six pairs of hexadecimal
characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02.
Table 17 Example of Network Properties for LAN Servers with Fixed IP Addresses
Choose an IP address
192.168.1.2-192.168.1.32; 192.168.1.65-192.168.1.254.
Subnet mask
255.255.255.0
Gateway (or default route)
192.168.1.1(NBG-416N LAN IP)
This screen allows users to configure the WAN port's MAC address by either using
the NBG-416N’s MAC address, copying the MAC address from a computer on your
LAN or manually entering a MAC address. Once it is successfully configured, the
address will be copied to configuration file. It is advisable to clone the MAC
address from a computer on your LAN even if your ISP does not presently require
MAC address authentication.
Figure 22 Wizard Step 3: WAN MAC Address
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 18 Wizard Step 3: WAN MAC Address
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Factory Default
Select Factory Default to use the factory assigned default MAC
address.
Clone the
computer’s MAC
address
Select this option and enter the IP address of the computer on the
LAN whose MAC you are cloning. It is advisable to clone the MAC
address from a computer on your LAN even if your ISP does not
presently require MAC address authentication.
Set WAN MAC
Address
Select this option and enter the MAC address you want to use.
Back
Click Back to return to the previous screen.
Next
Click Next to continue.
Exit
Click Exit to close the wizard screen without saving.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
47
Chapter 4 Connection Wizard
4.5 Connection Wizard Complete
Click Finish to complete the wizard setup.
Figure 23 Connection Wizard Complete
Well done! You have successfully set up your NBG-416N to operate on your
network and access the Internet.
48
NBG-416N User’s Guide
CHAPTER
AP Mode
5.1 Overview
This chapter discusses how to configure settings while your NBG-416N is set to AP
Mode. Many screens that are available in Router Mode are not available in AP
Mode.
Note: See Chapter 6 on page 57 for an example of setting up a wireless network in
AP mode.
Use your NBG-416N as an AP if you already have a router or gateway on your
network. In this mode your device bridges a wired network (LAN) and wireless
LAN (WLAN) in the same subnet. See the figure below for an example.
Figure 24 Wireless Internet Access in AP Mode
WLAN
LEW
LAN
5.2 Setting your NBG-416N to AP Mode
Log into the Web Configurator if you haven’t already. See the Quick start Guide for
instructions on how to do this.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
49
Chapter 5 AP Mode
To set your NBG-416N to AP Mode, go to Maintenance > Sys OP Mode >
General and select Access Point.
Figure 25 Maintenance > Sys OP Mode > General
A pop-up appears providing information on this mode. Click OK in the pop-up
message window. (See Section 18.3 on page 140 for more information on the
pop-up.) Click Apply. Your NBG-416N is now in AP Mode.
Note: You have to log in to the Web Configurator again when you change modes.
5.3 Status Screen (AP Mode)
Click on Status. The screen below shows the status screen in AP Mode.
Figure 26 Status Screen (AP Mode)
50
NBG-416N User’s Guide
Chapter 5 AP Mode
The following table describes the labels shown in the Status screen.
Table 19 Status Screen (AP Mode)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Device Information
System Name
This is the System Name you enter in the Maintenance > System >
General screen. It is for identification purposes.
Firmware Version
This is the current firmware version of the NBG-416N.
LAN Information
- MAC Address
This shows the LAN Ethernet adapter MAC Address of your device.
- IP Address
This shows the LAN port’s IP address.
- IP Subnet Mask
This shows the LAN port’s subnet mask.
- DHCP
This shows the LAN port’s DHCP role - None.
WLAN Information
- MAC Address
This shows the wireless adapter MAC Address of your device.
- Status
This shows the current status of the Wireless LAN - On, Off, or Off by
scheduler.
- Name (SSID)
This shows a descriptive name used to identify the NBG-416N in the
wireless LAN.
- Channel
This shows the channel number which you select manually.
- Security Mode
This shows the level of wireless security the NBG-416N is using.
- 802.11 Mode
This shows the IEEE 802.11 standard that the NBG-416N supports.
Wireless clients must support the same standard in order to be able to
connect to the NBG-416N
- WPS
This shows the WPS (WiFi Protected Setup) Status. Click the status to
display Network > Wireless LAN > WPS screen.
System Status
System Up Time
This is the total time the NBG-416N has been on.
Current Date/Time
This field displays your NBG-416N’s present date and time.
System Resource
- CPU Usage
This displays what percentage of the NBG-416N’s processing ability is
currently used. When this percentage is close to 100%, the NBG-416N is
running at full load, and the throughput is not going to improve anymore.
If you want some applications to have more throughput, you should turn
off other applications.
- Memory Usage
This shows what percentage of the heap memory the NBG-416N is using.
Interface Status
Interface
This displays the NBG-416N port types. The port types are: LAN and
WLAN.
Status
For the LAN port, this field displays Down (line is down) or Up (line is up
or connected).
For the WLAN, it displays Up when the WLAN is enabled or Down when
the WLAN is disabled.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
51
Chapter 5 AP Mode
Table 19 Status Screen (AP Mode) (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Rate
For the LAN ports, this displays the port speed and duplex setting or N/A
when the line is disconnected.
For the WLAN, it displays the maximum transmission rate when the WLAN
is enabled and N/A when the WLAN is disabled.
Summary
Packet Statistics
Use this screen to view port status and packet specific statistics.
WLAN Station Status
Use this screen to view the wireless stations that are currently associated
to the NBG-416N.
5.3.1 Navigation Panel
Use the menu in the navigation panel to configure NBG-416N features in AP
Mode.
The following screen and table show the features you can configure in AP Mode.
Figure 27 Menu: AP Mode
The following table describes the sub-menus.
Table 20 Menu: AP Mode
LINK
Status
TAB
FUNCTION
This screen shows the NBG-416N’s general device,
system and interface status information. Use this screen
to access the wizard, and summary statistics tables.
Network
52
NBG-416N User’s Guide
Chapter 5 AP Mode
Table 20 Menu: AP Mode (continued)
LINK
TAB
FUNCTION
General
Use this screen to configure wireless LAN.
MAC Filter
Use the MAC filter screen to configure the NBG-416N to
block access to devices or block the devices from
accessing the NBG-416N.
Advanced
This screen allows you to configure advanced wireless
settings.
QoS
Use this screen to configure Wi-Fi Multimedia Quality of
Service (WMM QoS). WMM QoS allows you to prioritize
wireless traffic according to the delivery requirements of
individual services.
WPS
Use this screen to configure WPS.
WPS Station
Use this screen to add a wireless station using WPS.
Scheduling
Use this screen to schedule the times the Wireless LAN is
enabled.
IP
Use this screen to configure LAN IP address and subnet
mask.
General
Use this screen to view and change administrative
settings such as system and domain names, password
and inactivity timer.
Time Setting
Use this screen to change your NBG-416N’s time and
date.
Logs
View Log
Use this screen to view the logs for the categories that
you selected.
Tools
Firmware
Use this screen to upload firmware to your NBG-416N.
Configuration
Use this screen to backup and restore the configuration
or reset the factory defaults to your NBG-416N.
Restart
This screen allows you to reboot the NBG-416N without
turning the power off.
Sys OP
Mode
General
This screen allows you to select whether your device acts
as a Router or a Access Point.
Language
Language
This screen allows you to select the language you prefer.
Wireless
LAN
LAN
Maintenance
System
5.4 Configuring Your Settings
Use this section to configure your NBG-416N settings while in AP Mode.
5.4.1 LAN Settings
Click Network > LAN to see the screen below.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
53
Chapter 5 AP Mode
Note: If you change the IP address of the NBG-416N in the screen below, you will
need to log into the NBG-416N again using the new IP address.
Figure 28 Network > LAN > IP
The table below describes the labels in the screen.
Table 21 Network > LAN > IP
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Get from DHCP
Server
Select this to let the DHCP server in the gateway assign the NBG416N IP address.
User Defined LAN IP
Select this to give the NBG-416N a static IP address.
IP Address
Type the IP address in dotted decimal notation. The default
setting is 192.168.1.2. If you change the IP address you will have
to log in again with the new IP address.
IP Subnet Mask
The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP
address. Your NBG-416N will automatically calculate the subnet
mask based on the IP address that you assign. Unless you are
implementing subnetting, use the subnet mask computed by the
NBG-416N.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes to the NBG-416N.
Reset
Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen.
5.4.2 WLAN and Maintenance Settings
The configuration of wireless and maintenance settings in AP Mode is the same as
for Router Mode.
• See Chapter 5 on page 69 for information on the configuring your wireless
network.
• See Troubleshooting (145) for information on configuring your maintenance
settings.
5.5 Logging in to the Web Configurator in AP
Mode
54
Connect your computer to the LAN port of the NBG-416N.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
Chapter 5 AP Mode
The default IP address of the NBG-416N is “192.168.1.2”. In this case, your
computer must have an IP address in the range between “192.168.1.3” and
“192.168.1.254”.
Click Start > Run on your computer in Windows.
Type “cmd” in the dialog box.
Type “ipconfig” to show your computer’s IP address. If your computer’s IP address
is not in the correct range then see Appendix C on page 175 for information on
changing your computer’s IP address.
After you’ve set your computer’s IP address, open a web browser such as Internet
Explorer and type “192.168.1.2” as the web address in your web browser.
See Chapter 6 on page 57 for a tutorial on setting up a network with an AP.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
55
Chapter 5 AP Mode
56
NBG-416N User’s Guide
CHAPTER
Tutorials
6.1 Overview
This chapter provides tutorials for your NBG-416N as follows:
• How to Connect to the Internet from an AP
• Configure Wireless Security Using WPS on both your NBG-416N and Wireless
Client
• Enable and Configure Wireless Security without WPS on your NBG-416N
6.2 How to Connect to the Internet from an AP
This section gives you an example of how to set up an access point (AP) and
wireless client (a notebook, B in this example) for wireless communication. B can
access the Internet through the AP wirelessly.
Figure 29 Wireless AP Connection to the Internet
6.2.1 Configure Wireless Security Using WPS on both your
NBG-416N and Wireless Client
This section gives you an example of how to set up wireless network using WPS.
This example uses the NBG-416N as the AP and NWD210N as the wireless client
which connects to a notebook.
Note: The wireless client must be a WPS-aware device (for example, a WPS USB
adapter or PCI card).
NBG-416N User’s Guide
57
Chapter 6 Tutorials
There are two WPS methods for creating a secure connection. This tutorial shows
you how to do both.
• Push Button Configuration (PBC) - create a secure wireless network simply
by pressing a button. See Section 6.2.1.1 on page 58.This is the easier method.
• PIN Configuration - create a secure wireless network simply by entering a
wireless client's PIN (Personal Identification Number) in the NBG-416N’s
interface. See Section 6.2.1.2 on page 59. This is the more secure method,
since one device can authenticate the other.
6.2.1.1 Push Button Configuration (PBC)
Make sure that your NBG-416N is turned on and that it is within range of your
computer.
Make sure that you have installed the wireless client (this example uses the
NWD210N) driver and utility in your notebook.
In the wireless client utility, find the WPS settings. Enable WPS and press the WPS
button (Start or WPS button)
Log into NBG-416N’s Web Configurator and press Push Button in the Network >
Wireless Client > WPS Station screen.
Note: Your NBG-416N has a WPS button located on its panel, as well as a WPS
button in its configuration utility. Both buttons have exactly the same function;
you can use one or the other.
Note: It doesn’t matter which button is pressed first. You must press the second
button within two minutes of pressing the first one.
The NBG-416N sends the proper configuration settings to the wireless client. This
may take up to two minutes. Then the wireless client is able to communicate with
the NBG-416N securely.
58
NBG-416N User’s Guide
Chapter 6 Tutorials
The following figure shows you an example to set up wireless network and security
by pressing a button on both NBG-416N and wireless client (the NWD210N in this
example).
Figure 30 Example WPS Process: PBC Method
NBG-416N
Wireless Client
WITHIN 2 MINUTES
SECURITY INFO
COMMUNICATION
6.2.1.2 PIN Configuration
When you use the PIN configuration method, you need to use both NBG-416N’s
configuration interface and the client’s utilities.
Launch your wireless client’s configuration utility. Go to the WPS settings and
select the PIN method to get a PIN number.
Enter the PIN number to the PIN field in the Network > Wireless LAN > WPS
Station screen on the NBG-416N.
Click the Start buttons (or button next to the PIN field) on both the wireless client
utility screen and the NBG-416N’s WPS Station screen within two minutes.
The NBG-416N authenticates the wireless client and sends the proper
configuration settings to the wireless client. This may take up to two minutes.
Then the wireless client is able to communicate with the NBG-416N securely.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
59
Chapter 6 Tutorials
The following figure shows you the example to set up wireless network and
security on NBG-416N and wireless client (ex. NWD210N in this example) by using
PIN method.
Figure 31 Example WPS Process: PIN Method
Wireless Client
NBG-416N
WITHIN 2 MINUTES
Authentication by PIN
SECURITY INFO
COMMUNICATION
60
NBG-416N User’s Guide
Chapter 6 Tutorials
6.3 Enable and Configure Wireless Security
without WPS on your NBG-416N
This example shows you how to configure wireless security settings with the
following parameters on your NBG-416N.
SSID
SSID_Example3
Channel
Security
WPA-PSK
(Pre-Shared Key: ThisismyWPA-PSKpre-sharedkey)
Follow the steps below to configure the wireless settings on your NBG-416N.
The instructions require that your hardware is connected (see the Quick Start
Guide) and you are logged into the Web Configurator through your LAN connection
(see Section 3.2 on page 25).
Open the Wireless LAN > General screen in the NBG-416N’s Web Configurator.
Make sure the Enable Wireless LAN check box is selected.
Enter SSID_Example3 as the SSID and select a channel.
Set security mode to WPA-PSK and enter ThisismyWPA-PSKpre-sharedkey in
the Pre-Shared Key field. Click Apply.
Figure 32 Tutorial: Network > Wireless LAN > General
NBG-416N User’s Guide
61
Chapter 6 Tutorials
Open the Status screen. Verify your wireless and wireless security settings under
Device Information and check if the WLAN connection is up under Interface
Status.
Figure 33 Tutorial: Status Screen
6.3.0.1 Configure Your Notebook
Note: We use the ZyXEL M-302 wireless adapter utility screens as an example for the
wireless client. The screens may vary for different models.
62
The NBG-416N supports IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g and IEEE 802.11n wireless
clients. Make sure that your notebook or computer’s wireless adapter supports
one of these standards.
Wireless adapters come with software sometimes called a “utility” that you install
on your computer. See your wireless adapter’s User’s Guide for information on
how to do that.
After you’ve installed the utility, open it. If you cannot see your utility’s icon on
your screen, go to Start > Programs and click on your utility in the list of
programs that appears. The utility displays a list of APs within range, as shown in
the example screen below.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
Chapter 6 Tutorials
Select SSID_Example3 and click Connect.
Figure 34 Connecting a Wireless Client to a Wireless Network t
Select WPA-PSK and type the security key in the following screen. Click Next.
Figure 35 Security Settings
The Confirm Save window appears. Check your settings and click Save to
continue.
Figure 36 Confirm Save
NBG-416N User’s Guide
63
Chapter 6 Tutorials
Check the status of your wireless connection in the screen below. If your wireless
connection is weak or you have no connection, see the Troubleshooting section of
this User’s Guide.
Figure 37 Link Status
If your connection is successful, open your Internet browser and enter http://
www.zyxel.com or the URL of any other web site in the address bar. If you are able
to access the web site, your wireless connection is successfully configured.
64
NBG-416N User’s Guide
P ART II
Technical Reference
65
66
CHAPTER
Wireless LAN
7.1 Overview
This chapter discusses how to configure the wireless network settings in your
NBG-416N. See the appendices for more detailed information about wireless
networks.
The following figure provides an example of a wireless network.
Figure 38 Example of a Wireless Network
The wireless network is the part in the blue circle. In this wireless network,
devices A and B are called wireless clients. The wireless clients use the access
point (AP) to interact with other devices (such as the printer) or with the Internet.
Your NBG-416N is the AP.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
67
Chapter 7 Wireless LAN
7.2 What You Can Do
• Use the General screen to enable the Wireless LAN, enter the SSID and select
the wireless security mode (Section 7.4 on page 71).
• Use the MAC Filter screen to allow or deny wireless stations based on their
MAC addresses from connecting to the NBG-416N (Section 7.5 on page 76).
• Use the Advanced screen to allow intra-BSS networking and set the RTS/CTS
Threshold (Section 7.6 on page 77).
• Use the QoS screen to enable Wifi MultiMedia Quality of Service (WMMQoS).
This allows the NBG-416N to automatically set priority levels to services, such
as e-mail, VoIP, chat, and so on (Section 7.7 on page 79).
• Use the WPS screen to quickly set up a wireless network with strong security,
without having to configure security settings manually (Section 7.8 on page 80).
• Use the WPS Station screen to add a wireless station using WPS (Section 7.9
on page 81).
• Use the Scheduling screen to set the times your wireless LAN is turned on and
off (Section 7.10 on page 81).
7.3 What You Should Know
Every wireless network must follow these basic guidelines.
• Every wireless client in the same wireless network must use the same SSID.
The SSID is the name of the wireless network. It stands for Service Set IDentity.
• If two wireless networks overlap, they should use different channels.
Like radio stations or television channels, each wireless network uses a specific
channel, or frequency, to send and receive information.
• Every wireless client in the same wireless network must use security compatible
with the AP.
Security stops unauthorized devices from using the wireless network. It can also
protect the information that is sent in the wireless network.
7.3.1 Wireless Security Overview
The following sections introduce different types of wireless security you can set up
in the wireless network.
7.3.1.1 SSID
Normally, the AP acts like a beacon and regularly broadcasts the SSID in the area.
You can hide the SSID instead, in which case the AP does not broadcast the SSID.
68
NBG-416N User’s Guide
Chapter 7 Wireless LAN
In addition, you should change the default SSID to something that is difficult to
guess.
This type of security is fairly weak, however, because there are ways for
unauthorized devices to get the SSID. In addition, unauthorized devices can still
see the information that is sent in the wireless network.
7.3.1.2 MAC Address Filter
Every wireless client has a unique identification number, called a MAC address.1 A
MAC address is usually written using twelve hexadecimal characters2; for
example, 00A0C5000002 or 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. To get the MAC address for each
wireless client, see the appropriate User’s Guide or other documentation.
You can use the MAC address filter to tell the AP which wireless clients are allowed
or not allowed to use the wireless network. If a wireless client is allowed to use the
wireless network, it still has to have the correct settings (SSID, channel, and
security). If a wireless client is not allowed to use the wireless network, it does not
matter if it has the correct settings.
This type of security does not protect the information that is sent in the wireless
network. Furthermore, there are ways for unauthorized devices to get the MAC
address of an authorized wireless client. Then, they can use that MAC address to
use the wireless network.
7.3.1.3 User Authentication
You can make every user log in to the wireless network before they can use it.
This is called user authentication. However, every wireless client in the wireless
network has to support IEEE 802.1x to do this.
For wireless networks, there are two typical places to store the user names and
passwords for each user.
• In the AP: this feature is called a local user database or a local database.
• In a RADIUS server: this is a server used in businesses more than in homes.
If your AP does not provide a local user database and if you do not have a RADIUS
server, you cannot set up user names and passwords for your users.
Unauthorized devices can still see the information that is sent in the wireless
network, even if they cannot use the wireless network. Furthermore, there are
ways for unauthorized wireless users to get a valid user name and password.
Then, they can use that user name and password to use the wireless network.
1.
Some wireless devices, such as scanners, can detect wireless networks but cannot use wireless networks.
These kinds of wireless devices might not have MAC addresses.
2.
Hexadecimal characters are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, and F.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
69
Chapter 7 Wireless LAN
Local user databases also have an additional limitation that is explained in the
next section.
7.3.1.4 Encryption
Wireless networks can use encryption to protect the information that is sent in the
wireless network. Encryption is like a secret code. If you do not know the secret
code, you cannot understand the message.
The types of encryption you can choose depend on the type of user
authentication. (See Section 7.3.1.3 on page 69 for information.)
Table 22 Types of Encryption for Each Type of Authentication
NO AUTHENTICATION
Weakest
No Security
Static WEP
WPA-PSK
Strongest
WPA2-PSK
For example, if users do not log in to the wireless network, you can choose no
encryption, Static WEP, WPA-PSK, or WPA2-PSK.
Usually, you should set up the strongest encryption that every wireless client in
the wireless network supports. Suppose the wireless network has two wireless
clients. Device A only supports WEP, and device B supports WEP and WPA.
Therefore, you should set up Static WEP in the wireless network.
Note: It is recommended that wireless networks use WPA-PSK, WPA, or stronger
encryption. IEEE 802.1x and WEP encryption are better than none at all, but it
is still possible for unauthorized devices to figure out the original information
pretty quickly.
Note: It is not possible to use WPA-PSK, WPA or stronger encryption with a local user
database. In this case, it is better to set up stronger encryption with no
authentication than to set up weaker encryption with the local user database.
When you select WPA2 or WPA2-PSK in your NBG-416N, you can also select an
option (WPA Compatible) to support WPA as well. In this case, if some wireless
clients support WPA and some support WPA2, you should set up WPA2-PSK or
WPA2 (depending on the type of wireless network login) and select the WPA
Compatible option in the NBG-416N.
Many types of encryption use a key to protect the information in the wireless
network. The longer the key, the stronger the encryption. Every wireless client in
the wireless network must have the same key.
70
NBG-416N User’s Guide
Chapter 7 Wireless LAN
7.3.1.5 WPS
WiFi Protected Setup (WPS) is an industry standard specification, defined by the
WiFi Alliance. WPS allows you to quickly set up a wireless network with strong
security, without having to configure security settings manually. Depending on the
devices in your network, you can either press a button (on the device itself, or in
its configuration utility) or enter a PIN (Personal Identification Number) in the
devices. Then, they connect and set up a secure network by themselves. See how
to set up a secure wireless network using WPS in the Section 6.2.1 on page 57.
7.4 General Wireless LAN Screen
Use this screen to enable the Wireless LAN, enter the SSID and select the wireless
security mode.
Note: If you are configuring the NBG-416N from a computer connected to the wireless
LAN and you change the NBG-416N’s SSID, channel or security settings, you
will lose your wireless connection when you press Apply to confirm. You must
then change the wireless settings of your computer to match the NBG-416N’s
new settings.
Click Network > Wireless LAN to open the General screen.
Figure 39 Network > Wireless LAN > General
NBG-416N User’s Guide
71
Chapter 7 Wireless LAN
The following table describes the general wireless LAN labels in this screen.
Table 23 Network > Wireless LAN > General
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Enable
Wireless LAN
Click the check box to activate wireless LAN.
Name(SSID)
(Service Set IDentity) The SSID identifies the Service Set with which a
wireless station is associated. Wireless stations associating to the access
point (AP) must have the same SSID. Enter a descriptive name (up to 32
printable 7-bit ASCII characters) for the wireless LAN.
Hide SSID
Select this check box to hide the SSID in the outgoing beacon frame so a
station cannot obtain the SSID through scanning using a site survey tool.
Channel
Selection
Set the operating frequency/channel depending on your particular region.
Select a channel from the drop-down list box. The options vary depending
on the frequency band and the country you are in.
Refer to the Connection Wizard chapter for more information on channels.
This option is only available if Auto Channel Selection is disabled.
Auto Channel
Selection
Select this check box for the NBG-416N to automatically choose the
channel with the least interference. Deselect this check box if you wish to
manually select the channel using the Channel Section field.
Operating
Channel
This displays the channel the NBG-416N is currently using.
Channel
Width
Select whether the NBG-416N uses a wireless channel width of 20MHz or
Auto 20/40MHz. A standard 20MHz channel offers transfer speeds of up
to 150Mbps whereas a 40MHz channel uses two standard channels and
offers speeds of up to 300 Mbps. Because not all devices support 40MHz
channels, select Auto 20/40MHz to allow the NBG-416N to adjust the
channel bandwidth automatically.
Security
Mode
Select WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK to add security on this wireless network.
The wireless clients which want to associate to this network must have
same wireless security settings as this device. After you select to use a
security, additional options appears in this screen. See 7.4.2 and 7.4.3
sections. Or you can select No Security to allow any client to associate
this network without authentication.
Note: If you enable the WPS function, only No Security, WPA-PSK
and WPA2-PSK are available in this field.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-416N.
Reset
Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen.
See the rest of this chapter for information on the other labels in this screen.
7.4.1 No Security
Select No Security to allow wireless stations to communicate with the access
points without any data encryption.
72
NBG-416N User’s Guide
Chapter 7 Wireless LAN
Note: If you do not enable any wireless security on your NBG-416N, your network is
accessible to any wireless networking device that is within range.
Figure 40 Network > Wireless LAN > General: No Security
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 24 Network > Wireless LAN > General: No Security
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Security
Mode
Choose No Security from the drop-down list box.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-416N.
Reset
Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen.
7.4.2 WEP Encryption
WEP encryption scrambles the data transmitted between the wireless stations and
the access points to keep network communications private. It encrypts unicast
and multicast communications in a network. Both the wireless stations and the
access points must use the same WEP key.
Your NBG-416N allows you to configure up to four 64-bit or 128-bit WEP keys but
only one key can be enabled at any one time.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
73
Chapter 7 Wireless LAN
In order to configure and enable WEP encryption; click Network > Wireless LAN
to display the General screen. Select Static WEP from the Security Mode list.
Figure 41 Network > Wireless LAN > General: Static WEP
The following table describes the wireless LAN security labels in this screen.
Table 25 Network > Wireless LAN > General: Static WEP
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Security Mode
Choose Static WEP from the drop-down list box.
WEP Encryption Select 64-bit WEP or 128-bit WEP to enable data encryption.
Authentication
Method
Select Auto, Open System or Shared Key from the drop-down list
box.
This field specifies whether the wireless clients have to provide the WEP
key to login to the wireless client. Keep this setting at Auto or Open
System unless you want to force a key verification before
communication between the wireless client and the ZyXEL Device
occurs. Select Shared Key to force the clients to provide the WEP key
prior to communication.
ASCII
Select this option in order to enter ASCII characters as WEP key.
Hex
Select this option in order to enter hexadecimal characters as a WEP
key.
The preceding "0x", that identifies a hexadecimal key, is entered
automatically.
Key 1 to Key 4
The WEP keys are used to encrypt data. Both the NBG-416N and the
wireless stations must use the same WEP key for data transmission.
If you chose 64-bit WEP, then enter any 5 ASCII characters or 10
hexadecimal characters ("0-9", "A-F").
If you chose 128-bit WEP, then enter 13 ASCII characters or 26
hexadecimal characters ("0-9", "A-F").
You must configure at least one key, only one key can be activated at
any one time. The default key is key 1.
74
NBG-416N User’s Guide
Chapter 7 Wireless LAN
Table 25 Network > Wireless LAN > General: Static WEP (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-416N.
Reset
Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen.
7.4.3 WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK
Click Network > Wireless LAN to display the General screen. Select WPA-PSK
or WPA2-PSK from the Security Mode list.
Figure 42 Network > Wireless LAN > General: WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 26 Network > Wireless LAN > General: WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Security Mode
Choose WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK from the drop-down list box.
WPA
Compatible
This check box is available only when you select WPA2-PSK in the
Security Mode field.
Select the check box to have both WPA2 and WPA wireless clients be
able to communicate with the NBG-416N even when the NBG-416N is
using WPA2-PSK.
Pre-Shared Key
WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK uses a simple common password for
authentication.
Type a pre-shared key from 8 to 63 case-sensitive ASCII characters
(including spaces and symbols).
Type a pre-shared key less than 64 case-sensitive HEX characters ("09", "A-F").
Group Key
Update Timer
The Group Key Update Timer is the rate at which the AP (if using
WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK key management) or RADIUS server (if using
WPA/WPA2 key management) sends a new group key out to all
clients. The re-keying process is the WPA/WPA2 equivalent of
automatically changing the WEP key for an AP and all stations in a
WLAN on a periodic basis. Setting of the Group Key Update Timer is
also supported in WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK mode.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-416N.
Reset
Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
75
Chapter 7 Wireless LAN
7.5 MAC Filter
The MAC filter screen allows you to configure the NBG-416N to give exclusive
access to up to 16 devices (Allow) or exclude up to 16 devices from accessing the
NBG-416N (Deny). Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC (Media Access
Control) address. The MAC address is assigned at the factory and consists of six
pairs of hexadecimal characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. You need to
know the MAC address of the devices to configure this screen.
To change your NBG-416N’s MAC filter settings, click Network > Wireless LAN >
MAC Filter. The screen appears as shown.
Figure 43 Network > Wireless LAN > MAC Filter
The following table describes the labels in this menu.
Table 27 Network > Wireless LAN > MAC Filter
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Active
Select Yes from the drop down list box to enable MAC address filtering.
Filter Action
Define the filter action for the list of MAC addresses in the MAC Address
table.
Select Deny to block access to the NBG-416N, MAC addresses not listed will
be allowed to access the NBG-416N.
Select Allow to permit access to the NBG-416N, MAC addresses not listed
will be denied access to the NBG-416N.
76
NBG-416N User’s Guide
Chapter 7 Wireless LAN
Table 27 Network > Wireless LAN > MAC Filter (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Set
This is the index number of the MAC address.
MAC
Address
Enter the MAC addresses of the wireless station that are allowed or denied
access to the NBG-416N in these address fields. Enter the MAC addresses in
a valid MAC address format, that is, six hexadecimal character pairs, for
example, 12:34:56:78:9a:bc.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-416N.
Reset
Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen.
7.6 Wireless LAN Advanced Screen
Use this screen to allow intra-BSS networking and set the RTS/CTS Threshold.
Click Network > Wireless LAN > Advanced. The screen appears as shown.
Figure 44 Network > Wireless LAN > Advanced
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 28 Network > Wireless LAN > Advanced
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Wireless Advanced Setup
RTS/CTS
Threshold
Data with its frame size larger than this value will perform the RTS
(Request To Send)/CTS (Clear To Send) handshake.
Enter a value between 0 and 2347.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
77
Chapter 7 Wireless LAN
Table 28 Network > Wireless LAN > Advanced (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Fragmentation
Threshold
The threshold (number of bytes) for the fragmentation boundary for
directed messages. It is the maximum data fragment size that can be
sent. Enter an even number between 256 and 2346.
This field is not available when Super Mode is selected.
Beacon
Interval
When a wirelessly networked device sends a beacon, it includes with it a
beacon interval. This specifies the time period before the device sends
the beacon again. The interval tells receiving devices on the network
how long they can wait in low-power mode before waking up to handle
the beacon. This value can be set from 20 to 1024 ms. A high value
helps save current consumption of the access point.
DTIM Period
Delivery Traffic Indication Message (DTIM) is the time period after which
broadcast and multicast packets are transmitted to mobile clients in the
Active Power Management mode. A high DTIM value can cause clients to
lose connectivity with the network. This value can be set from 1 to 10.
Preamble Type
A preamble affects the timing in your wireless network. There are two
preamble modes: long and short. If a device uses a different preamble
mode than the NBG-416N does, it cannot communicate with the NBG416N.
CTS Protection
When set to None, the NBG-416N protects wireless communication
against interference.
Select Auto to let the NBG-416N determine whether to turn this feature
on or off in the current environment.
Tx Power
This field controls the transmission power of the NBG-416N. When using
the NBG-416N with a notebook computer, select a lower transmission
power level when you are close to the AP in order to conserve battery
power.
Extension
Channel
If you select Auto 20/40MHz as your Channel Bandwidth in the
Wireless LAN > General screen, the extension channel enables the
NBG-419N to get higher data throughput. This also lowers radio
interference and traffic.
Aggregation
Select Enable to allow the grouping of several A-MSDUs (Aggregate
MAC Service Data Units) into one large A-MPDU (Aggregate MAC Protocol
Data Unit). This function allows faster data transfer rates.
Short GI
Select Enable to use Short GI (Guard Interval). The guard interval is the
gap introduced between data transmission from users in order to reduce
interference. Reducing the GI increases data transfer rates but also
increases interference. Increasing the GI reduces data transfer rates but
also reduces interference.
Enable IntraBSS Traffic
A Basic Service Set (BSS) exists when all communications between
wireless clients or between a wireless client and a wired network client
go through one access point (AP).
Intra-BSS traffic is traffic between wireless clients in the BSS. When
Intra-BSS is enabled, wireless client A and B can access the wired
network and communicate with each other. When Intra-BSS is disabled,
wireless client A and B can still access the wired network but cannot
communicate with each other.
78
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes to the NBG-416N.
Reset
Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
Chapter 7 Wireless LAN
7.7 Quality of Service (QoS) Screen
Use the QoS screen to enable Wifi MultiMedia Quality of Service (WMMQoS). This
allows the NBG-416N to automatically set priority levels to services, such as email, VoIP, chat, and so on.
Click Network > Wireless LAN > QoS. The following screen appears.
Figure 45 Network > Wireless LAN > QoS
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 29 Network > Wireless LAN > QoS
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Enable WMM QoS
Check this to have the NBG-416N automatically give a service a
priority level according to the ToS value in the IP header of packets
it sends. WMM QoS (Wifi MultiMedia Quality of Service) gives high
priority to voice and video, which makes them run more smoothly.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes to the NBG-416N.
Reset
Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
79
Chapter 7 Wireless LAN
7.8 WPS Screen
Use this screen to enable/disable WPS, view or generate a new PIN number and
check current WPS status. To open this screen, click Network > Wireless LAN >
WPS tab.
Figure 46 Network > Wireless LAN > WPS
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 30 Network > Wireless LAN > WPS
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
WPS Setup
Enable WPS
Select this to enable the WPS feature.
PIN Number
This displays a PIN number last time system generated. Click Generate
to generate a new PIN number.
WPS Status
Status
This displays Configured when the NBG-416N has connected to a
wireless network using WPS or when Enable WPS is selected and
wireless or wireless security settings have been changed. The current
wireless and wireless security settings also appear in the screen.
This displays Unconfigured if WPS is disabled and there are no
wireless or wireless security changes on the NBG-416N or you click
Release_Configuration to remove the configured wireless and
wireless security settings.
80
Release
Configuration
This button is only available when the WPS status displays Configured.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-416N.
Refresh
Click Refresh to get this screen information afresh.
Click this button to remove all configured wireless and wireless security
settings for WPS connections on the NBG-416N.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
Chapter 7 Wireless LAN
7.9 WPS Station Screen
Use this screen when you want to add a wireless station using WPS. To open this
screen, click Network > Wireless LAN > WPS Station tab.
Note: Note: After you click Push Button on this screen, you have to press a similar
button in the wireless station utility within 2 minutes. To add the second wireless
station, you have to press these buttons on both device and the wireless station
again after the first 2 minutes.
Figure 47 Network > Wireless LAN > WPS Station
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 31 Network > Wireless LAN > WPS Station
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Push Button
Use this button when you use the PBC (Push Button Configuration)
method to configure wireless stations’s wireless settings. See Section
6.2.1.1 on page 58.
Click this to start WPS-aware wireless station scanning and the wireless
security information synchronization.
Or input
station’s PIN
number
Use this button when you use the PIN Configuration method to
configure wireless station’s wireless settings. See Section 6.2.1.2 on
page 59.
Type the same PIN number generated in the wireless station’s utility.
Then click Start to associate to each other and perform the wireless
security information synchronization.
7.10 Scheduling Screen
Use this screen to set the times your wireless LAN is turned on and off. Wireless
LAN scheduling is disabled by default. The wireless LAN can be scheduled to turn
NBG-416N User’s Guide
81
Chapter 7 Wireless LAN
on or off on certain days and at certain times. To open this screen, click Network
> Wireless LAN > Scheduling tab.
Figure 48 Network > Wireless LAN > Scheduling
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 32 Network > Wireless LAN > Scheduling
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Enable Wireless
LAN Scheduling
Select this to enable Wireless LAN scheduling.
Action
Select On or Off to specify whether the Wireless LAN is turned on or off.
This field works in conjunction with the Day and Except for the
following times fields.
Day
Select Everyday or the specific days to turn the Wireless LAN on or off.
If you select Everyday you can not select any specific days. This field
works in conjunction with the Except for the following times field.
Except for the
following times
Select a begin time using the first set of hour and minute (min) drop
down boxes and select an end time using the second set of hour and
minute (min) drop down boxes. If you have chosen On earlier for the
WLAN Status the Wireless LAN will turn off between the two times you
enter in these fields. If you have chosen Off earlier for the WLAN Status
the Wireless LAN will turn on between the two times you enter in these
fields.
Note: Entering the same begin time and end time will mean the
whole day.
82
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-416N.
Reset
Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
CHAPTER
WAN
8.1 Overview
This chapter discusses the NBG-416N’s WAN screens. Use these screens to
configure your NBG-416N for Internet access.
A WAN (Wide Area Network) connection is an outside connection to another
network or the Internet. It connects your private networks (such as a LAN (Local
Area Network) and other networks, so that a computer in one location can
communicate with computers in other locations.
Figure 49 LAN and WAN
See the chapter about the connection wizard for more information on the fields in
the WAN screens.
8.2 What You Need To Know
The information in this section can help you configure the screens for your WAN
connection, as well as enable/disable some advanced features of your NBG-416N.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
83
Chapter 8 WAN
8.2.1 Configuring Your Internet Connection
Encapsulation Method
Encapsulation is used to include data from an upper layer protocol into a lower
layer protocol. To set up a WAN connection to the Internet, you need to use the
same encapsulation method used by your ISP (Internet Service Provider). If your
ISP offers a dial-up Internet connection using PPPoE (PPP over Ethernet) or PPTP
(Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol), they should also provide a username and
password (and service name) for user authentication.
WAN IP Address
The WAN IP address is an IP address for the NBG-416N, which makes it accessible
from an outside network. It is used by the NBG-416N to communicate with other
devices in other networks. It can be static (fixed) or dynamically assigned by the
ISP each time the NBG-416N tries to access the Internet.
If your ISP assigns you a static WAN IP address, they should also assign you the
subnet mask and DNS server IP address(es) (and a gateway IP address if you use
the Ethernet or ENET ENCAP encapsulation method).
DNS Server Address Assignment
Use Domain Name System (DNS) to map a domain name to its corresponding IP
address and vice versa, for instance, the IP address of www.zyxel.com is
204.217.0.2. The DNS server is extremely important because without it, you must
know the IP address of a computer before you can access it.
The NBG-416N can get the DNS server addresses in the following ways.
The ISP tells you the DNS server addresses, usually in the form of an information
sheet, when you sign up. If your ISP gives you DNS server addresses, manually
enter them in the DNS server fields.
If your ISP dynamically assigns the DNS server IP addresses (along with the NBG416N’s WAN IP address), set the DNS server fields to get the DNS server address
from the ISP.
WAN MAC Address
The MAC address screen allows users to configure the WAN port's MAC address by
either using the factory default or cloning the MAC address from a computer on
your LAN. Choose Factory Default to select the factory assigned default MAC
Address.
84
NBG-416N User’s Guide
Chapter 8 WAN
Otherwise, click Clone the computer's MAC address - IP Address and enter
the IP address of the computer on the LAN whose MAC you are cloning. Once it is
successfully configured, the address will be copied to configuration file. It is
recommended that you clone the MAC address prior to hooking up the WAN Port.
8.3 Internet Connection
Use this screen to change your NBG-416N’s Internet access settings. Click
Network > WAN. The screen differs according to the encapsulation you choose.
8.3.1 Ethernet Encapsulation
This screen displays when you select Ethernet encapsulation.
Figure 50 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: Ethernet Encapsulation
NBG-416N User’s Guide
85
Chapter 8 WAN
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 33 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: Ethernet Encapsulation
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
ISP Parameters for Internet Access
Connection Type You must choose the Ethernet option when the WAN port is used as a
regular Ethernet.
WAN IP Address Assignment
Get
automatically
from ISP
Select this option If your ISP did not assign you a fixed IP address. This
is the default selection.
Use fixed IP
Address
Select this option If the ISP assigned a fixed IP address.
IP Address
Enter your WAN IP address in this field if you selected Use Fixed IP
Address.
IP Subnet
Mask
Enter the IP Subnet Mask in this field.
Gateway IP
Address
Enter a Gateway IP Address (if your ISP gave you one) in this field.
MTU Auto
Select Auto if you want to have the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU)
automatically configured. Select Manual if you want to have enter the
MTU manually in the field below.
MTU
Enter the MTU or the largest packet size per frame that your NBG-416N
can receive and process.
DNS Servers
First DNS Server Select From ISP if your ISP dynamically assigns DNS server
information (and the NBG-416N’s WAN IP address). The field to the
Second DNS
right displays the (read-only) DNS server IP address that the ISP
Server
assigns.
Select User-Defined if you have the IP address of a DNS server. Enter
the primary and secondary DNS server's IP address in the fields to the
right.
86
WAN MAC
Address
The MAC address section allows users to configure the WAN port's MAC
address by either using the NBG-416N’s MAC address, copying the MAC
address from a computer on your LAN or manually entering a MAC
address.
Factory default
Select Factory default to use the factory assigned default MAC
Address.
Clone the
computer’s MAC
address - IP
Address
Select Clone the computer's MAC address - IP Address and enter
the IP address of the computer on the LAN whose MAC you are cloning.
Once it is successfully configured, the address will be copied to the rom
file. It will not change unless you change the setting or upload a
different ROM file.
Set WAN MAC
Address
Select this option and enter the MAC address you want to use.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-416N.
Reset
Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
Chapter 8 WAN
8.3.2 PPPoE Encapsulation
The NBG-416N supports PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet). PPPoE is
an IETF standard (RFC 2516) specifying how a personal computer (PC) interacts
with a broadband modem (DSL, cable, wireless, etc.) connection. The PPP over
Ethernet option is for a dial-up connection using PPPoE.
For the service provider, PPPoE offers an access and authentication method that
works with existing access control systems (for example Radius).
One of the benefits of PPPoE is the ability to let you access one of multiple network
services, a function known as dynamic service selection. This enables the service
provider to easily create and offer new IP services for individuals.
Operationally, PPPoE saves significant effort for both you and the ISP or carrier, as
it requires no specific configuration of the broadband modem at the customer site.
By implementing PPPoE directly on the NBG-416N (rather than individual
computers), the computers on the LAN do not need PPPoE software installed,
since the NBG-416N does that part of the task. Furthermore, with NAT, all of the
LANs’ computers will have access.
This screen displays when you select PPPoE encapsulation.
Figure 51 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: PPPoE Encapsulation
NBG-416N User’s Guide
87
Chapter 8 WAN
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 34 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: PPPoE Encapsulation
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
ISP Parameters for Internet Access
Connection
Type
Select PPP over Ethernet if you connect to your Internet via dial-up.
Service Name
Type the PPPoE service name provided to you. PPPoE uses a service
name to identify and reach the PPPoE server.
User Name
Type the user name given to you by your ISP.
Password
Type the password associated with the user name above.
Retype to
Confirm
Type your password again to make sure that you have entered is
correctly.
MTU Size
Enter the MTU or the largest packet size per frame that your NBG-416N
can receive and process.
Nailed-Up
Connection
Select Nailed-Up Connection if you do not want the connection to time
out.
Idle Timeout
This value specifies the time in minutes that elapses before the router
automatically disconnects from the PPPoE server.
DNS Servers
First DNS
Server
Second DNS
Server
Enter the primary and secondary DNS server's IP addresses.
If you do not configure a DNS server, you must know the IP address of a
computer in order to access it.
WAN MAC
Address
The MAC address section allows users to configure the WAN port's MAC
address by using the NBG-416N’s MAC address, copying the MAC
address from a computer on your LAN or manually entering a MAC
address.
Factory default
Select Factory default to use the factory assigned default MAC
Address.
Clone the
computer’s
MAC address IP Address
Select Clone the computer's MAC address - IP Address and enter
the IP address of the computer on the LAN whose MAC you are cloning.
Once it is successfully configured, the address will be copied to the rom
file. It will not change unless you change the setting or upload a
different ROM file.
Set WAN MAC
Address
Select this option and enter the MAC address you want to use.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-416N.
Reset
Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
8.3.3 PPTP Encapsulation
Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) is a network protocol that enables secure
transfer of data from a remote client to a private server, creating a Virtual Private
Network (VPN) using TCP/IP-based networks.
88
NBG-416N User’s Guide
Chapter 8 WAN
PPTP supports on-demand, multi-protocol and virtual private networking over
public networks, such as the Internet.
This screen displays when you select PPTP encapsulation.
Figure 52 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: PPTP Encapsulation
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 35 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: PPTP Encapsulation
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
ISP Parameters for Internet Access
Connection Type
Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) is a network protocol that
enables secure transfer of data from a remote client to a private
server, creating a Virtual Private Network (VPN) using TCP/IP-based
networks. PPTP supports on-demand, multi-protocol, and virtual
private networking over public networks, such as the Internet. The
NBG-416N supports only one PPTP server connection at any given
time.
To configure a PPTP client, you must configure the User Name and
Password fields for a PPP connection and the PPTP parameters for
a PPTP connection.
User Name
NBG-416N User’s Guide
Type the user name given to you by your ISP.
89
Chapter 8 WAN
Table 35 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: PPTP Encapsulation (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Password
Type the password associated with the User Name above.
Retype to Confirm
Type your password again to make sure that you have entered
correctly.
MTU Size
Enter the MTU or the largest packet size per frame that your NBG416N can receive and process.
Nailed-up
Connection
Select Nailed-Up Connection if you do not want the connection to
time out.
Idle Timeout
This value specifies the time in minutes that elapses before the
NBG-416N automatically disconnects from the PPTP server.
PPTP Configuration
Server IP Address/
Domain
Type the IP address of the PPTP server.
Connection ID/
Name
Type your identification name for the PPTP server.
Get automatically
from ISP
Select this option If your ISP did not assign you a fixed IP address.
This is the default selection.
Use fixed IP
Address
Select this option If the ISP assigned a fixed IP address.
My WAN IP
Address
Enter your WAN IP address in this field if you selected Use Fixed IP
Address.
My IP Subnet
Mask
Your NBG-416N will automatically calculate the subnet mask based
on the IP address that you assign. Unless you are implementing
subnetting, use the subnet mask computed by the NBG-416N.
My IP Gateway
Enter a Gateway IP Address (if your ISP gave you one) in this field.
DNS Servers
90
First DNS Server
Enter the primary and secondary DNS server's IP addresses.
Second DNS Server
If you do not configure a DNS server, you must know the IP address
of a computer in order to access it.
WAN MAC Address
The MAC address section allows users to configure the WAN port's
MAC address by either using the NBG-416N’s MAC address, copying
the MAC address from a computer on your LAN or manually entering
a MAC address.
Factory default
Select Factory default to use the factory assigned default MAC
Address.
Clone the
computer’s MAC
address - IP
Address
Select Clone the computer's MAC address - IP Address and
enter the IP address of the computer on the LAN whose MAC you
are cloning. Once it is successfully configured, the address will be
copied to the rom file. It will not change unless you change the
setting or upload a different ROM file.
Set WAN MAC
Address
Select this option and enter the MAC address you want to use.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-416N.
Reset
Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
CHAPTER
LAN
9.1 Overview
This chapter describes how to configure LAN settings.
A Local Area Network (LAN) is a shared communication system to which many
computers are attached. A LAN is a computer network limited to the immediate
area, usually the same building or floor of a building. The LAN screens can help
you configure a LAN DHCP server, manage IP addresses, and partition your
physical network into logical networks.
Figure 53 LAN Setup
The LAN screens can help you configure a LAN DHCP server and manage IP
addresses.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
91
Chapter 9 LAN
9.2 What You Need To Know
The actual physical connection determines whether the NBG-416N ports are LAN
or WAN ports. There are two separate IP networks, one inside the LAN network
and the other outside the WAN network as shown next.
Figure 54 LAN and WAN IP Addresses
The LAN parameters of the NBG-416N are preset in the factory with the following
values:
• IP address of 192.168.1.1 with subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 (24 bits)
• DHCP server enabled with 32 client IP addresses starting from 192.168.1.33.
These parameters should work for the majority of installations. If your ISP gives
you explicit DNS server address(es), read the embedded Web Configurator help
regarding what fields need to be configured.
9.2.1 IP Pool Setup
The NBG-416N is pre-configured with a pool of 32 IP addresses starting from
192.168.1.33 to 192.168.1.64. This configuration leaves 31 IP addresses
(excluding the NBG-416N itself) in the lower range (192.168.1.2 to 192.168.1.32)
for other server computers, for instance, servers for mail, FTP, TFTP, web, etc.,
that you may have.
Refer to Section 4.4.6 on page 44 for information on IP Address and Subnet Mask.
9.2.2 LAN TCP/IP
The NBG-416N has built-in DHCP server capability that assigns IP addresses and
DNS servers to systems that support DHCP client capability.
Refer to the Section 4.4.7 on page 45 section for information on System DNS
Servers.
92
NBG-416N User’s Guide
Chapter 9 LAN
9.3 LAN IP Screen
Use this screen to change your basic LAN settings. Click Network > LAN.
Figure 55 Network > LAN > IP
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 36 Network > LAN > IP
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
IP Address
Type the IP address of your NBG-416N in dotted decimal notation
192.168.1.1 (factory default).
IP Subnet Mask
The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP
address. Your NBG-416N will automatically calculate the subnet mask
based on the IP address that you assign. Unless you are implementing
subnetting, use the subnet mask computed by the NBG-416N.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-416N.
Reset
Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
93
Chapter 9 LAN
94
NBG-416N User’s Guide
CHAPTER
10
DHCP Server
10.1 Overview
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, RFC 2131 and RFC 2132) allows
individual clients to obtain TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a server. You can
configure the NBG-416N’s LAN as a DHCP server or disable it. When configured as
a server, the NBG-416N provides the TCP/IP configuration for the clients. If DHCP
service is disabled, you must have another DHCP server on your LAN, or else the
computer must be manually configured.
10.2 What You Can Do
• Use the General screen to enable the DHCP server (Section 10.4 on page 96).
• Use the Advanced screen to assign IP addresses on the LAN to specific
individual computers based on their MAC Addresses (Section 10.5 on page 96).
• Use the Client List screen to view the current DHCP client information (Section
10.6 on page 98).
10.3 What You Need To Know
Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC (Media Access Control) address. The MAC
address is assigned at the factory and consists of six pairs of hexadecimal
characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. Find out the MAC addresses of your
network devices if you intend to add them to the DHCP Client List screen.
Refer to Section 4.4.6 on page 44 for information on IP Address and Subnet Mask.
Refer to the Section 4.4.7 on page 45 section for information on System DNS
Servers.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
95
Chapter 10 DHCP Server
10.4 General Screen
Use this screen to enable the DHCP server. Click Network > DHCP Server. The
following screen displays.
Figure 56 Network > DHCP Server > General
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 37 Network > DHCP Server > General
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Enable DHCP
Server
Enable or Disable DHCP for LAN.
IP Pool Starting
Address
This field specifies the first of the contiguous addresses in the IP
address pool for LAN.
Pool Size
This field specifies the size, or count of the IP address pool for LAN.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-416N.
Reset
Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, RFC 2131 and RFC
2132) allows individual clients (computers) to obtain TCP/IP
configuration at startup from a server. Leave the Enable DHCP
Server check box selected unless your ISP instructs you to do
otherwise. Clear it to disable the NBG-416N acting as a DHCP
server. When configured as a server, the NBG-416N provides TCP/IP
configuration for the clients. If not, DHCP service is disabled and
you must have another DHCP server on your LAN, or else the
computers must be manually configured. When set as a server, fill in
the following four fields.
10.5 Advanced Screen
This screen allows you to assign IP addresses on the LAN to specific individual
computers based on their MAC addresses. You can also use this screen to
configure the DNS server information that the NBG-416N sends to the DHCP
clients.
96
NBG-416N User’s Guide
Chapter 10 DHCP Server
To change your NBG-416N’s static DHCP settings, click Network > DHCP Server
> Advanced. The following screen displays.
Figure 57 Network > DHCP Server > Advanced
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 38 Network > DHCP Server > Advanced
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Static DHCP Table
This is the index number of the static IP table entry (row).
MAC Address
Type the MAC address (with colons) of a computer on your LAN.
IP Address
Type the LAN IP address of a computer on your LAN.
DNS Server
DNS Servers
Assigned by
DHCP Server
NBG-416N User’s Guide
The NBG-416N passes a DNS (Domain Name System) server IP
address (in the order you specify here) to the DHCP clients. If you do
not configure the DNS server, the DHCP service is disabled and you
must have another DHCP sever on your LAN, or else the computers
must have their DNS server addresses manually configured.
97
Chapter 10 DHCP Server
Table 38 Network > DHCP Server > Advanced (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
First DNS Server
Select User-Defined if you have the IP address of a DNS server.
Enter the DNS server's IP address in the field to the right. If you chose
User-Defined, but leave the IP address set to 0.0.0.0, User-Defined
changes to None after you click Apply. If you set a second choice to
User-Defined, and enter the same IP address, the second UserDefined changes to None after you click Apply.
Second DNS
Server
Select DNS Relay to have the NBG-416N act as a DNS proxy. The
NBG-416N's LAN IP address displays in the field to the right (readonly). The NBG-416N tells the DHCP clients on the LAN that the NBG416N itself is the DNS server. When a computer on the LAN sends a
DNS query to the NBG-416N, the NBG-416N forwards the query to the
NBG-416N's system DNS server (configured in the WAN > Internet
Connection screen) and relays the response back to the computer.
You can only select DNS Relay for one of the three servers; if you
select DNS Relay for a second or third DNS server, that choice
changes to None after you click Apply.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-416N.
Reset
Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
10.6 Client List Screen
The DHCP table shows current DHCP client information (including IP Address,
Host Name and MAC Address) of network clients using the NBG-416N’s DHCP
servers.
Configure this screen to always assign an IP address to a MAC address (and host
name). Click Network > DHCP Server > Client List.
Note: You can also view a read-only client list by clicking the DHCP Table (Details...)
hyperlink in the Status screen.
The following screen displays.
Figure 58 Network > DHCP Server > Client List
98
NBG-416N User’s Guide
Chapter 10 DHCP Server
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 39 Network > DHCP Server > Client List
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
This is the index number of the host computer.
IP Address
This field displays the IP address relative to the # field listed above.
Host Name
This field displays the computer host name.
MAC Address
The MAC (Media Access Control) or Ethernet address on a LAN
(Local Area Network) is unique to your computer (six pairs of
hexadecimal notation).
A network interface card such as an Ethernet adapter has a
hardwired address that is assigned at the factory. This address
follows an industry standard that ensures no other adapter has a
similar address.
Reserve
Select this check box in the DHCP Setup section to have the NBG416N always assign the IP address(es) to the MAC address(es) (and
host name(s)). After you click Apply, the MAC address and IP
address also display in the Advanced screen (where you can edit
them).
Apply
Click Apply to save your settings.
Refresh
Click Refresh to reload the DHCP table.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
99
Chapter 10 DHCP Server
100
NBG-416N User’s Guide
CHAPTER
11
Network Address Translation
(NAT)
11.1 Overview
This chapter discusses how to configure NAT on the NBG-416N.
NAT (Network Address Translation - NAT, RFC 1631) is the translation of the IP
address of a host in a packet. For example, the source address of an outgoing
packet, used within one network is changed to a different IP address known within
another network.
Each packet has two addresses – a source address and a destination address. For
outgoing packets, NAT maps private (local) IP addresses to globally unique ones
required for communication with hosts on other networks. It replaces the original
IP source address in each packet and then forwards it to the Internet. The NBG416N keeps track of the original addresses and port numbers so incoming reply
packets can have their original values restored. The following figure illustrates
this.
Figure 59 NAT Example
A: 192.168.1.33
LAN
FTP, Telnet, SNMP
Ports 21 to 25
WAN
192.168.1.1
B: 192.168.1.34
Port 80
IP address
assigned by ISP
C: 192.168.1.35
NBG-416N User’s Guide
101
Chapter 11 Network Address Translation (NAT)
For more information on IP address translation, refer to RFC 1631, The IP Network
Address Translator (NAT).
Note: You must create a firewall rule in addition to setting up NAT, to allow traffic from
the WAN to be forwarded through the NBG-416N.
11.2 What You Can Do
• Use the General screen to enable NAT and set a default server (Section 11.3 on
page 104).
• Use the Application screen to change your NBG-416N’s port forwarding
settings (Section 11.4 on page 105).
11.2.1 What You Need To Know
The following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter.
Inside/Outside
This denotes where a host is located relative to the NBG-416N, for example, the
computers of your subscribers are the inside hosts, while the web servers on the
Internet are the outside hosts.
Global/Local
This denotes the IP address of a host in a packet as the packet traverses a router,
for example, the local address refers to the IP address of a host when the packet
is in the local network, while the global address refers to the IP address of the
host when the same packet is traveling in the WAN side.
Note: Inside/outside refers to the location of a host, while global/local refers to the IP
address of a host used in a packet.
An inside local address (ILA) is the IP address of an inside host in a packet when
the packet is still in the local network, while an inside global address (IGA) is the
IP address of the same inside host when the packet is on the WAN side. The
following table summarizes this information.
Table 40 NAT Definitions
102
ITEM
DESCRIPTION
Inside
This refers to the host on the LAN.
Outside
This refers to the host on the WAN.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
Chapter 11 Network Address Translation (NAT)
Table 40 NAT Definitions (continued)
ITEM
DESCRIPTION
Local
This refers to the packet address
(source or destination) as the
packet travels on the LAN.
Global
This refers to the packet address
(source or destination) as the
packet travels on the WAN.
Note: NAT never changes the IP address (either local or global) of an outside host.
What NAT Does
In the simplest form, NAT changes the source IP address in a packet received from
a subscriber (the inside local address) to another (the inside global address)
before forwarding the packet to the WAN side. When the response comes back,
NAT translates the destination address (the inside global address) back to the
inside local address before forwarding it to the original inside host. Note that the
IP address (either local or global) of an outside host is never changed.
The global IP addresses for the inside hosts can be either static or dynamically
assigned by the ISP. In addition, you can designate servers, for example, a web
server and a telnet server, on your local network and make them accessible to the
outside world. If you do not define any servers , NAT offers the additional benefit
of firewall protection. With no servers defined, your NBG-416N filters out all
incoming inquiries, thus preventing intruders from probing your network. For
more information on IP address translation, refer to RFC 1631, The IP Network
Address Translator (NAT).
How NAT Works
Each packet has two addresses – a source address and a destination address. For
outgoing packets, the ILA (Inside Local Address) is the source address on the LAN,
and the IGA (Inside Global Address) is the source address on the WAN. For
incoming packets, the ILA is the destination address on the LAN, and the IGA is
the destination address on the WAN. NAT maps private (local) IP addresses to
globally unique ones required for communication with hosts on other networks. It
replaces the original IP source address in each packet and then forwards it to the
Internet. The NBG-416N keeps track of the original addresses and port numbers
NBG-416N User’s Guide
103
Chapter 11 Network Address Translation (NAT)
so incoming reply packets can have their original values restored. The following
figure illustrates this.
Figure 60 How NAT Works
11.3 General NAT Screen
Use this screen to enable NAT and set a default server. Click Network > NAT to
open the General screen.
Figure 61 Network > NAT > General
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 41 Network > NAT > General
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
NAT Setup
Enable Network
Address
Translation
Network Address Translation (NAT) allows the translation of an Internet
protocol address used within one network (for example a private IP
address used in a local network) to a different IP address known within
another network (for example a public IP address used on the Internet).
Select the check box to enable NAT.
Default Server Setup
104
NBG-416N User’s Guide
Chapter 11 Network Address Translation (NAT)
Table 41 Network > NAT > General (continued)
LABEL
Server IP
Address
DESCRIPTION
In addition to the servers for specified services, NAT supports a default
server. A default server receives packets from ports that are not
specified in the Application screen.
If you do not assign a Default Server IP address, the NBG-416N
discards all packets received for ports that are not specified in the
Application screen or remote management.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-416N.
Reset
Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
11.4 NAT Application Screen
Use the Application screen to forward incoming service requests to the server(s)
on your local network. You may enter a single port number or a range of port
numbers to be forwarded, and the local IP address of the desired server. The port
number identifies a service; for example, web service is on port 80 and FTP on
port 21. In some cases, such as for unknown services or where one server can
support more than one service (for example both FTP and web service), it might
be better to specify a range of port numbers.
In addition to the servers for specified services, NAT supports a default server. A
service request that does not have a server explicitly designated for it is forwarded
to the default server. If the default is not defined, the service request is simply
discarded.
Note: Many residential broadband ISP accounts do not allow you to run any server
processes (such as a Web or FTP server) from your location. Your ISP may
periodically check for servers and may suspend your account if it discovers any
active services at your location. If you are unsure, refer to your ISP.
Port forwarding allows you to define the local servers to which the incoming
services will be forwarded. To change your NBG-416N’s port forwarding settings,
click Network > NAT > Application. The screen appears as shown.
Note: If you do not assign a Default Server IP address in the NAT > General screen,
the NBG-416N discards all packets received for ports that are not specified in
this screen or remote management.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
105
Chapter 11 Network Address Translation (NAT)
Refer to Appendix E on page 205 for port numbers commonly used for particular
services.
Figure 62 Network > NAT > Application
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 42 Network > NAT > Application
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Add Application Rule
Active
Select the check box to enable this rule and the requested service can
be forwarded to the host with a specified internal IP address.
Clear the checkbox to disallow forwarding of these ports to an inside
server without having to delete the entry.
Service Name
Type a name (of up to 31 printable characters) to identify this rule in
the first field next to Service Name. Otherwise, select a predefined
service in the second field next to Service Name. The predefined
service name and port number(s) will display in the Service Name and
Port fields.
Local Port
Range
Type a port number(s) to be forwarded.
Public Port
Range
106
To specify a range of ports, enter a hyphen (-) between the first port
and the last port, such as 10-20.
To specify two or more non-consecutive port numbers, separate them
by a comma without spaces, such as 123,567.
Server IP
Address
Type the inside IP address of the server that receives packets from the
port(s) specified in the Port field.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes to the Application Rules Summary
table.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
Chapter 11 Network Address Translation (NAT)
Table 42 Network > NAT > Application (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Reset
Click Reset to not save and return your new changes in the Service
Name and Port fields to the previous one.
Application Rules Summary
This is the number of an individual port forwarding server entry.
Active
This icon is turned on when the rule is enabled.
Name
This field displays a name to identify this rule.
Local Start/End
Port
This field displays the port number(s).
Public Start/End
Port
Protocol
This field displays the traffic protocol type.
Server IP
Address
This field displays the inside IP address of the server.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to display and modify an existing rule setting in the
fields under Add Application Rule.
Click the Remove icon to delete a rule.
11.5 Technical Reference
The following section contains additional technical information about the NBG416N features described in this chapter.
11.5.1 NAT Port Forwarding: Services and Port Numbers
A port forwarding set is a list of inside (behind NAT on the LAN) servers, for
example, web or FTP, that you can make accessible to the outside world even
though NAT makes your whole inside network appear as a single machine to the
outside world.
Use the Application screen to forward incoming service requests to the server(s)
on your local network. You may enter a single port number or a range of port
numbers to be forwarded, and the local IP address of the desired server. The port
number identifies a service; for example, web service is on port 80 and FTP on
port 21. In some cases, such as for unknown services or where one server can
support more than one service (for example both FTP and web service), it might
be better to specify a range of port numbers.
In addition to the servers for specified services, NAT supports a default server. A
service request that does not have a server explicitly designated for it is forwarded
NBG-416N User’s Guide
107
Chapter 11 Network Address Translation (NAT)
to the default server. If the default is not defined, the service request is simply
discarded.
Note: Many residential broadband ISP accounts do not allow you to run any server
processes (such as a Web or FTP server) from your location. Your ISP may
periodically check for servers and may suspend your account if it discovers any
active services at your location. If you are unsure, refer to your ISP.
11.5.2 NAT Port Forwarding Example
Let's say you want to assign ports 21-25 to one FTP, Telnet and SMTP server (A in
the example), port 80 to another (B in the example) and assign a default server IP
address of 192.168.1.35 to a third (C in the example). You assign the LAN IP
addresses and the ISP assigns the WAN IP address. The NAT network appears as a
single host on the Internet.
Figure 63 Multiple Servers Behind NAT Example
108
NBG-416N User’s Guide
CHAPTER
12
Firewall
12.1 Overview
Use these screens to enable and configure the firewall that protects your NBG416N and your LAN from unwanted or malicious traffic.
Enable the firewall to protect your LAN computers from attacks by hackers on the
Internet and control access between the LAN and WAN. By default the firewall:
• allows traffic that originates from your LAN computers to go to all of the
networks.
• blocks traffic that originates on the other networks from going to the LAN.
The following figure illustrates the default firewall action. User A can initiate an IM
(Instant Messaging) session from the LAN to the WAN (1). Return traffic for this
session is also allowed (2). However other traffic initiated from the WAN is blocked
(3 and 4).
Figure 64 Default Firewall Action
12.2 What You Can Do
• Use the General screen to enable or disable the NBG-416N’s firewall (Section
12.4 on page 111).
NBG-416N User’s Guide
109
Chapter 12 Firewall
• Use the Services screen to enable or disable ICMP and VPN passthrough
features (Section 12.5 on page 111).
12.3 What You Need To Know
The NBG-416N’s firewall feature physically separates the LAN and the WAN and
acts as a secure gateway for all data passing between the networks.
12.3.1 About the NBG-416N Firewall
The NBG-416N firewall is a stateful inspection firewall and is designed to protect
against Denial of Service attacks when activated (click the General tab under
Firewall and then click the Enable Firewall check box). The NBG-416N's
purpose is to allow a private Local Area Network (LAN) to be securely connected to
the Internet. The NBG-416N can be used to prevent theft, destruction and
modification of data, as well as log events, which may be important to the security
of your network.
The NBG-416N is installed between the LAN and a broadband modem connecting
to the Internet. This allows it to act as a secure gateway for all data passing
between the Internet and the LAN.
The NBG-416N has one Ethernet WAN port and four Ethernet LAN ports, which are
used to physically separate the network into two areas.The WAN (Wide Area
Network) port attaches to the broadband (cable or DSL) modem to the Internet.
The LAN (Local Area Network) port attaches to a network of computers, which
needs security from the outside world. These computers will have access to
Internet services such as e-mail, FTP and the World Wide Web. However, "inbound
access" is not allowed (by default) unless the remote host is authorized to use a
specific service.
12.3.2 VPN Pass Through Features
A Virtual Private Network (VPN) is a way to securely connect two networks over
the Internet. For example a home network and one in a business office. This
requires special equipment on both ends of the connection.
The NBG-416N is not one of the endpoints but it does allow traffic from those
endpoints to pass through. The NBG-416N allows the following types of VPN traffic
to pass through:
• IP security (IPSec)
• Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP)
110
NBG-416N User’s Guide
Chapter 12 Firewall
12.4 General Firewall Screen
Use this screen to enable or disable the NBG-416N’s firewall, and set up firewall
logs. Click Security > Firewall to open the General screen.
Figure 65 Security > Firewall > General
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 43 Security > Firewall > General
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Enable Firewall
Select this check box to activate the firewall. The NBG-416N performs
access control and protects against Denial of Service (DoS) attacks
when the firewall is activated.
Apply
Click Apply to save the settings.
Reset
Click Reset to start configuring this screen again.
12.5 Services Screen
Use the Services screen to enable or disable ICMP and VPN passthrough features.
Click Security > Firewall > Services. The screen appears as shown next.
Figure 66 Security > Firewall > Services
NBG-416N User’s Guide
111
Chapter 12 Firewall
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 44 Security > Firewall > Services
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
ICMP
Internet Control Message Protocol is a message control and errorreporting protocol between a host server and a gateway to the Internet.
ICMP uses Internet Protocol (IP) datagrams, but the messages are
processed by the TCP/IP software and directly apparent to the
application user.
Respond to Ping
on WAN
The NBG-416N will not respond to any incoming Ping requests when
Disable is selected. Select Enable to reply to incoming WAN Ping
requests.
VPN
Passthrough
Select the checkbox to enable the advanced pass through features:
•
•
•
112
PPTP Passthrough: Select this option to allow the NBG-416N to
pass through VPN traffic using PPTP.
L2TP Passthrough: Select this option to enable computers on your
LAN to make L2TP VPN connections to servers on the Internet.
IPSEC Passthrough: Select this option to allow the NBG-416N to
pass through VPN traffic using the IPsec protocol.
Apply
Click Apply to save the settings.
Reset
Click Reset to start configuring this screen again.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
CHAPTER
13
Remote Management
13.1 Overview
This chapter provides information on the Remote Management screens.
Remote management allows you to determine which services/protocols can access
which NBG-416N interface (if any) from which computers.
You may manage your NBG-416N from a remote location via:
•
LAN only
•
LAN and WAN
Note: When you configure remote management to allow management from the LAN
and WAN in the options above, you still need to configure a firewall rule to allow
access. See the firewall chapters for details on configuring firewall rules.
13.2 What You Need To Know
NBG-416N User’s Guide
113
Chapter 13 Remote Management
13.2.1 Remote Management Limitations
Remote management over LAN or WAN will not work when:
You have disabled that service in one of the remote management screens.
The IP address in the Secured Client IP Address field does not match the client
IP address. If it does not match, the NBG-416N will disconnect the session
immediately.
There is already another remote management session with an equal or higher
priority running. You may only have one remote management session running at
one time.
There is a firewall rule that blocks it.
13.2.2 Remote Management and NAT
When NAT is enabled:
• Use the NBG-416N’s WAN IP address when configuring from the WAN.
• Use the NBG-416N’s LAN IP address when configuring from the LAN.
13.2.3 System Timeout
There is a default system management idle timeout of five minutes (three
hundred seconds). The NBG-416N automatically logs you out if the management
session remains idle for longer than this timeout period. The management session
does not time out when a statistics screen is polling. You can change the timeout
period in the System screen.
114
NBG-416N User’s Guide
Chapter 13 Remote Management
13.3 WWW Screen
To change your NBG-416N’s World Wide Web settings, click Management >
Remote MGMT to display the WWW screen.
Figure 67 Management > Remote MGMT > WWW
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 45 Management > Remote MGMT > WWW
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Server Port
You may change the server port number for a service if needed,
however you must use the same port number in order to use that
service for remote management.
Server Access
Select the interface(s) through which a computer may access the
NBG-416N using this service.
Secured Client IP
Address
A secured client is a “trusted” computer that is allowed to
communicate with the NBG-416N using this service.
Select All to allow any computer to access the NBG-416N using
this service.
Choose Selected to just allow the computer with the IP address
that you specify to access the NBG-416N using this service.
Note: This only applies on WAN IP.
Apply
Click Apply to save your customized settings and exit this screen.
Reset
Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
115
Chapter 13 Remote Management
116
NBG-416N User’s Guide
CHAPTER
14
Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP)
14.1 Overview
This chapter introduces the UPnP feature in the Web Configurator.
Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) is a distributed, open networking standard that
uses TCP/IP for simple peer-to-peer network connectivity between devices. A
UPnP device can dynamically join a network, obtain an IP address, convey its
capabilities and learn about other devices on the network. In turn, a device can
leave a network smoothly and automatically when it is no longer in use.
14.2 What You Need to Know
How do I know if I'm using UPnP?
UPnP hardware is identified as an icon in the Network Connections folder
(Windows XP). Each UPnP compatible device installed on your network will appear
as a separate icon. Selecting the icon of a UPnP device will allow you to access the
information and properties of that device.
NAT Traversal
UPnP NAT traversal automates the process of allowing an application to operate
through NAT. UPnP network devices can automatically configure network
addressing, announce their presence in the network to other UPnP devices and
enable exchange of simple product and service descriptions. NAT traversal allows
the following:
• Dynamic port mapping
• Learning public IP addresses
• Assigning lease times to mappings
Windows Messenger is an example of an application that supports NAT traversal
and UPnP.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
117
Chapter 14 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP)
See the NAT chapter for more information on NAT.
Cautions with UPnP
The automated nature of NAT traversal applications in establishing their own
services and opening firewall ports may present network security issues. Network
information and configuration may also be obtained and modified by users in some
network environments.
When a UPnP device joins a network, it announces its presence with a multicast
message. For security reasons, the NBG-416N allows multicast messages on the
LAN only.
All UPnP-enabled devices may communicate freely with each other without
additional configuration. Disable UPnP if this is not your intention.
14.3 UPnP Screen
Use this screen to enable UPnP. Click the Management > UPnP to open the
following screen.
Figure 68 Management > UPnP > General
118
NBG-416N User’s Guide
Chapter 14 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP)
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 46 Management > UPnP > General
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Enable the Universal Plug
and Play (UPnP) Feature
Select this check box to activate UPnP. Be aware that anyone
could use a UPnP application to open the Web Configurator's
login screen without entering the NBG-416N's IP address
(although you must still enter the password to access the Web
Configurator).
Allow users to make port
forwarding changes
through UPnP
Select this check box to allow UPnP-enabled applications to
automatically configure the NBG-416N so that they can
communicate through the NBG-416N, for example by using
NAT traversal, UPnP applications automatically reserve a NAT
forwarding port in order to communicate with another UPnP
enabled device; this eliminates the need to manually configure
port forwarding for the UPnP enabled application.
Apply
Click Apply to save the setting to the NBG-416N.
Reset
Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
14.4 Technical Reference
The sections show examples of using UPnP.
14.4.1 Using UPnP in Windows XP Example
This section shows you how to use the UPnP feature in Windows XP. You must
already have UPnP installed in Windows XP and UPnP activated on the NBG-416N.
Make sure the computer is connected to a LAN port of the NBG-416N. Turn on
your computer and the NBG-416N.
14.4.1.1 Auto-discover Your UPnP-enabled Network Device
Click start and Control Panel. Double-click Network Connections. An icon
displays under Internet Gateway.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
119
Chapter 14 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP)
Right-click the icon and select Properties.
Figure 69 Network Connections
In the Internet Connection Properties window, click Settings to see the port
mappings there were automatically created.
Figure 70 Internet Connection Properties
120
NBG-416N User’s Guide
Chapter 14 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP)
You may edit or delete the port mappings or click Add to manually add port
mappings.
Figure 71 Internet Connection Properties: Advanced Settings
Figure 72 Internet Connection Properties: Advanced Settings: Add
Note: When the UPnP-enabled device is disconnected from your computer, all port
mappings will be deleted automatically.
Select Show icon in notification area when connected option and click OK.
An icon displays in the system tray.
Figure 73 System Tray Icon
NBG-416N User’s Guide
121
Chapter 14 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP)
Double-click on the icon to display your current Internet connection status.
Figure 74 Internet Connection Status
14.4.2 Web Configurator Easy Access
With UPnP, you can access the web-based configurator on the NBG-416N without
finding out the IP address of the NBG-416N first. This comes helpful if you do not
know the IP address of the NBG-416N.
Follow the steps below to access the Web Configurator.
122
Click Start and then Control Panel.
Double-click Network Connections.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
Chapter 14 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP)
Select My Network Places under Other Places.
Figure 75 Network Connections
An icon with the description for each UPnP-enabled device displays under Local
Network.
Right-click on the icon for your NBG-416N and select Invoke. The Web
Configurator login screen displays.
Figure 76 Network Connections: My Network Places
NBG-416N User’s Guide
123
Chapter 14 Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP)
124
NBG-416N User’s Guide
CHAPTER
15
System
15.1 Overview
This chapter provides information on the System screens.
See the chapter about wizard setup for more information on the next few screens.
15.2 What You Can Do
• Use the General screen to enter a name to identify the NBG-416N in the
network and set the password (Section 15.3 on page 125).
• Use the Time Setting screen to change your NBG-416N’s time and date
(Section 15.4 on page 127).
15.3 System General Screen
Use this screen to enter a name to identify the NBG-416N in the network and set
the password. Click Maintenance > System. The following screen displays.
Figure 77 Maintenance > System > General
NBG-416N User’s Guide
125
Chapter 15 System
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 47 Maintenance > System > General
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
System Setup
System Name
System Name is a unique name to identify the NBG-416N in an
Ethernet network. It is recommended you enter your computer’s
“Computer name” in this field (see the chapter about wizard setup for
how to find your computer’s name).
This name can be up to 30 alphanumeric characters long. Spaces are
not allowed, but dashes “-” and underscores "_" are accepted.
Domain Name
Enter the domain name (if you know it) here. If you leave this field
blank, the ISP may assign a domain name via DHCP.
The domain name entered by you is given priority over the ISP
assigned domain name.
126
Administrator
Inactivity Timer
Type how many minutes a management session can be left idle before
the session times out. The default is 5 minutes. After it times out you
have to log in with your password again. Very long idle timeouts may
have security risks. A value of "0" means a management session never
times out, no matter how long it has been left idle (not
recommended).
Password Setup
Change your NBG-416N’s password (recommended) using the fields as
shown.
Old Password
Type the default password or the existing password you use to access
the system in this field.
New Password
Type your new system password (up to 30 characters). Note that as
you type a password, the screen displays an asterisk (*) for each
character you type.
Retype to
Confirm
Type the new password again in this field.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-416N.
Reset
Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
Chapter 15 System
15.4 Time Setting Screen
To change your NBG-416N’s time and date, click Maintenance > System > Time
Setting. The screen appears as shown. Use this screen to configure the NBG416N’s time based on your local time zone.
Figure 78 Maintenance > System > Time Setting
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 48 Maintenance > System > Time Setting
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Current Time and Date
Current Time
This field displays the time of your NBG-416N.
Each time you reload this page, the NBG-416N synchronizes the time
with the time server.
Current Date
This field displays the date of your NBG-416N.
Each time you reload this page, the NBG-416N synchronizes the date
with the time server.
Time and Date Setup
Manual
Select this radio button to enter the time and date manually. If you
configure a new time and date, Time Zone and Daylight Saving at the
same time, the new time and date you entered has priority and the
Time Zone and Daylight Saving settings do not affect it.
Copy Your
Computer’s Time
Settings
Click this to copy the time settings of your computer into the NBG416N’s time and date setup.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
127
Chapter 15 System
Table 48 Maintenance > System > Time Setting (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
New Time
This field displays the last updated time from the time server or the
last time configured manually.
(hh:mm:ss)
When you set Time and Date Setup to Manual, enter the new time
in this field and then click Apply.
New Date
(yyyy/mm/dd)
This field displays the last updated date from the time server or the
last date configured manually.
When you set Time and Date Setup to Manual, enter the new date
in this field and then click Apply.
Get from Time
Server
Select this radio button to have the NBG-416N get the time and date
from the time server you specified below.
Auto
Select Auto to have the NBG-416N automatically search for an
available time server and synchronize the date and time with the time
server after you click Apply.
User Defined
Time Server
Address
Select User Defined Time Server Address and enter the IP
address or URL (up to 20 extended ASCII characters in length) of
your time server. Check with your ISP/network administrator if you
are unsure of this information.
Time Zone Setup
Time Zone
Choose the time zone of your location. This will set the time
difference between your time zone and Greenwich Mean Time (GMT).
Daylight Savings
Daylight saving is a period from late spring to early fall when many
countries set their clocks ahead of normal local time by one hour to
give more daytime light in the evening.
Select this option if you use Daylight Saving Time.
Start Date
Configure the day and time when Daylight Saving Time starts if you
selected Daylight Savings. The o'clock field uses the 24 hour
format. Here are a couple of examples:
Daylight Saving Time starts in most parts of the United States on the
first Sunday of April. Each time zone in the United States starts using
Daylight Saving Time at 2 A.M. local time. So in the United States you
would select First, Sunday, April and type 2 in the o'clock field.
Daylight Saving Time starts in the European Union on the last Sunday
of March. All of the time zones in the European Union start using
Daylight Saving Time at the same moment (1 A.M. GMT or UTC). So
in the European Union you would select Last, Sunday, March. The
time you type in the o'clock field depends on your time zone. In
Germany for instance, you would type 2 because Germany's time
zone is one hour ahead of GMT or UTC (GMT+1).
128
NBG-416N User’s Guide
Chapter 15 System
Table 48 Maintenance > System > Time Setting (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
End Date
Configure the day and time when Daylight Saving Time ends if you
selected Daylight Savings. The o'clock field uses the 24 hour
format. Here are a couple of examples:
Daylight Saving Time ends in the United States on the last Sunday of
October. Each time zone in the United States stops using Daylight
Saving Time at 2 A.M. local time. So in the United States you would
select Last, Sunday, October and type 2 in the o'clock field.
Daylight Saving Time ends in the European Union on the last Sunday
of October. All of the time zones in the European Union stop using
Daylight Saving Time at the same moment (1 A.M. GMT or UTC). So
in the European Union you would select Last, Sunday, October. The
time you type in the o'clock field depends on your time zone. In
Germany for instance, you would type 2 because Germany's time
zone is one hour ahead of GMT or UTC (GMT+1).
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-416N.
Reset
Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
129
Chapter 15 System
130
NBG-416N User’s Guide
CHAPTER
16
Logs
16.1 Overview
This chapter contains information about configuring general log settings and
viewing the NBG-416N’s logs.
The Web Configurator allows you to look at all of the NBG-416N’s logs in one
location.
16.2 What You Need to Know
An alert is a type of log that warrants more serious attention. They include system
errors, attacks (access control) and attempted access to blocked web sites or web
sites with restricted web features such as cookies, active X and so on. Some
categories such as System Errors consist of both logs and alerts. You may
differentiate them by their color in the View Log screen. Alerts display in red and
logs display in black.
Alerts are e-mailed as soon as they happen. Logs may be e-mailed as soon as the
log is full (see Log Schedule). Selecting many alert and/or log categories
(especially Access Control) may result in many e-mails being sent.
16.3 View Log Screen
Use the View Log screen to see the logged messages for the NBG-416N. Options
include logs about system maintenance, system errors, access control, allowed or
blocked web sites, blocked web features (such as ActiveX controls, Java and
cookies), attacks (such as DoS) and IPSec.
Log entries in red indicate system error logs. The log wraps around and deletes
the old entries after it fills. Click a column heading to sort the entries. A triangle
indicates ascending or descending sort order.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
131
Chapter 16 Logs
Click Maintenance > Logs to open the View Log screen.
Figure 79 Maintenance > Logs > View Log
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 49 Maintenance > Logs > View Log
132
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Refresh
Click Refresh to renew the log screen.
Clear Logs
Click Clear Logs to delete all the logs.
Next
Click Next to show the next page of log entries.
Last
Click Last to show the last page of log entries.
This is the index number of the log entry.
Time
This field displays the time the log was recorded. See the chapter on
system maintenance and information to configure the NBG-416N’s
time and date.
Message
This field states the reason for the log.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
CHAPTER
17
Tools
17.1 Overview
This chapter shows you how to upload a new firmware, upload or save backup
configuration files and restart the NBG-416N.
17.2 What You Can Do
• Use the Firmware screen to upload firmware to your NBG-416N (Section 17.3
on page 133).
• Use the Configuration screen to view information related to factory defaults,
backup configuration, and restoring configuration (Section 17.4 on page 136).
• Use the Restart screen to have the NBG-416N reboot (Section 17.5 on page
138).
17.3 Firmware Upload Screen
Find firmware at www.zyxel.com in a file that (usually) uses the system model
name with a “*.bin” extension, e.g., “NBG-416N.bin”. The upload process uses
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) and may take up to two minutes. After a
successful upload, the system will reboot.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
133
Chapter 17 Tools
Click Maintenance > Tools. Follow the instructions in this screen to upload
firmware to your NBG-416N.
Figure 80 Maintenance > Tools > Firmware
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 50 Maintenance > Tools > Firmware
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
File Path
Type in the location of the file you want to upload in this field or click
Browse... to find it.
Browse...
Click Browse... to find the .bin file you want to upload. Remember that
you must decompress compressed (.zip) files before you can upload them.
Upload
Click Upload to begin the upload process. This process may take up to
two minutes.
Note: Do not turn off the NBG-416N while firmware upload is in progress!
After you see the Firmware Upload In Process screen, wait for several minutes
before logging into the NBG-416N again.
Figure 81 Upload Warning
134
NBG-416N User’s Guide
Chapter 17 Tools
The NBG-416N automatically restarts in this time causing a temporary network
disconnect. In some operating systems, you may see the following icon on your
desktop.
Figure 82 Network Temporarily Disconnected
After two minutes, log in again and check your new firmware version in the
Status screen.
If the upload was not successful, the following screen will appear. Click Return to
go back to the Firmware screen.
Figure 83 Upload Error Message
NBG-416N User’s Guide
135
Chapter 17 Tools
17.4 Configuration Screen
Click Maintenance > Tools > Configuration. Information related to factory
defaults, backup configuration, and restoring configuration appears as shown
next.
Figure 84 Maintenance > Tools > Configuration
17.4.1 Backup Configuration
Backup configuration allows you to back up (save) the NBG-416N’s current
configuration to a file on your computer. Once your NBG-416N is configured and
functioning properly, it is highly recommended that you back up your configuration
file before making configuration changes. The backup configuration file will be
useful in case you need to return to your previous settings.
Click Backup to save the NBG-416N’s current configuration to your computer.
136
NBG-416N User’s Guide
Chapter 17 Tools
17.4.2 Restore Configuration
Restore configuration allows you to upload a new or previously saved
configuration file from your computer to your NBG-416N.
Table 51 Maintenance Restore Configuration
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
File Path
Type in the location of the file you want to upload in this field or click
Browse... to find it.
Browse...
Click Browse... to find the file you want to upload. Remember that you
must decompress compressed (.ZIP) files before you can upload them.
Upload
Click Upload to begin the upload process.
Note: Do not turn off the NBG-416N while configuration file upload is in progress.
After you see a “configuration upload successful” screen, you must then wait one
minute before logging into the NBG-416N again.
Figure 85 Configuration Restore Successful
The NBG-416N automatically restarts in this time causing a temporary network
disconnect. In some operating systems, you may see the following icon on your
desktop.
Figure 86 Temporarily Disconnected
If you uploaded the default configuration file you may need to change the IP
address of your computer to be in the same subnet as that of the default NBG416N IP address (192.168.1.1). See Appendix C on page 175 for details on how to
set up your computer’s IP address.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
137
Chapter 17 Tools
If the upload was not successful, the following screen will appear. Click Return to
go back to the Configuration screen.
Figure 87 Configuration Restore Error
17.4.3 Back to Factory Defaults
Pressing the Reset button in this section clears all user-entered configuration
information and returns the NBG-416N to its factory defaults.
You can also press the RESET button on the rear panel to reset the factory
defaults of your NBG-416N. Refer to Section 3.3.1 on page 27 for more
information on the RESET button.
17.5 Restart Screen
System restart allows you to reboot the NBG-416N without turning the power off.
Click Maintenance > Tools > Restart. Click Restart to have the NBG-416N
reboot. This does not affect the NBG-416N's configuration.
Figure 88 Maintenance > Tools > Restart
138
NBG-416N User’s Guide
CHAPTER
18
Sys OP Mode
18.1 Overview
The Sys OP Mode (System Operation Mode) function lets you configure whether
your NBG-416N is a router or AP.
You can choose between Router Mode and AP Mode depending on your network
topology and the features you require from your device. See Section 1.1 on page
19 for more information on which mode to choose.
18.2 What You Need to Know
Router
A router connects your local network with another network, such as the Internet.
The router has two IP addresses, the LAN IP address and the WAN IP address.
Figure 89 LAN and WAN IP Addresses in Router Mode
NBG-416N User’s Guide
139
Chapter 18 Sys OP Mode
AP
An AP extends one network and so has just one IP address. All Ethernet ports on
the AP have the same IP address. To connect to the Internet, another device, such
as a router, is required.
Figure 90 IP Address in AP Mode
18.3 General Screen
Use this screen to select how you connect to the Internet.
Figure 91 Maintenance > Sys OP Mode > General
If you select Router mode, the following pop-up message window appears.
Figure 92 Maintenance > Sys Op Mode > General: Router
• In this mode there are both LAN and WAN ports. The LAN Ethernet and WAN
Ethernet ports have different IP addresses.
• The DHCP server on your device is enabled and allocates IP addresses to other
devices on your local network.
• The LAN IP address of the device on the local network is set to 192.168.1.1.
140
NBG-416N User’s Guide
Chapter 18 Sys OP Mode
• You can configure the IP address settings on your WAN port. Contact your ISP or
system administrator for more information on appropriate settings.
If you select Access Point the following pop-up message window appears.
Figure 93 Maintenance > Sys Op Mode > General: AP
• In AP Mode all Ethernet ports have the same IP address.
• All ports on the rear panel of the device are LAN ports, including the port labeled
WAN. There is no WAN port.
• The DHCP server on your device is disabled. In AP mode there must be a device
with a DHCP server on your network such as a router or gateway which can
allocate IP addresses.
The IP address of the device on the local network is set to 192.168.1.2.
The following table describes the labels in the General screen.
Table 52 Maintenance > Sys Op Mode > General
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
System Operation Mode
Router
Select Router if your device routes traffic between a local
network and another network such as the Internet. This mode
offers services such as a firewall or content filter.
Access Point
Select Access Point if your device bridges traffic between clients
on the same network.
Apply
Click Apply to save your settings.
Reset
Click Reset to return your settings to the default (Router).
Note: If you select the incorrect System Operation Mode, you cannot connect to the
Internet.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
141
Chapter 18 Sys OP Mode
142
NBG-416N User’s Guide
CHAPTER
19
Language
19.1 Language Screen
Use this screen to change the language for the Web Configurator display.
Click the language you prefer. The Web Configurator language changes after a
while without restarting the NBG-416N.
Figure 94 Language
NBG-416N User’s Guide
143
Chapter 19 Language
144
NBG-416N User’s Guide
CHAPTER
20
Troubleshooting
This chapter offers some suggestions to solve problems you might encounter. The
potential problems are divided into the following categories.
• Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs
• NBG-416N Access and Login
• Internet Access
• Resetting the NBG-416N to Its Factory Defaults
• Wireless Router/AP Troubleshooting
20.1 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs
The NBG-416N does not turn on. None of the LEDs turn on.
Make sure you are using the power adaptor or cord included with the NBG-416N.
Make sure the power adaptor or cord is connected to the NBG-416N and plugged
in to an appropriate power source. Make sure the power source is turned on.
Disconnect and re-connect the power adaptor or cord to the NBG-416N.
If the problem continues, contact the vendor.
One of the LEDs does not behave as expected.
Make sure you understand the normal behavior of the LED. See Section 1.5 on
page 20.
Check the hardware connections. See the Quick Start Guide.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
145
Chapter 20 Troubleshooting
Inspect your cables for damage. Contact the vendor to replace any damaged
cables.
Disconnect and re-connect the power adaptor to the NBG-416N.
If the problem continues, contact the vendor.
20.2 NBG-416N Access and Login
I don’t know the IP address of my NBG-416N.
The default IP address is 192.168.1.1.
If you changed the IP address and have forgotten it, you might get the IP address
of the NBG-416N by looking up the IP address of the default gateway for your
computer. To do this in most Windows computers, click Start > Run, enter cmd,
and then enter ipconfig. The IP address of the Default Gateway might be the IP
address of the NBG-416N (it depends on the network), so enter this IP address in
your Internet browser.Set your device to Router Mode, login (see the Quick Start
Guide for instructions) and go to the Device Information table in the Status
screen. Your NBG-416N’s IP address is available in the Device Information
table.
• If the DHCP setting under LAN information is None, your device has a fixed
IP address.
• If the DHCP setting under LAN information is Client, then your device
receives an IP address from a DHCP server on the network.
If your NBG-416N is a DHCP client, you can find your IP address from the DHCP
server. This information is only available from the DHCP server which allocates IP
addresses on your network. Find this information directly from the DHCP server or
contact your system administrator for more information.
Reset your NBG-416N to change all settings back to their default. This means your
current settings are lost. See Section 20.4 on page 149 in the Troubleshooting
for information on resetting your NBG-416N.
I forgot the username and password.
146
The default username is admin and default password is 1234.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
Chapter 20 Troubleshooting
If this does not work, you have to reset the device to its factory defaults. See
Section 20.4 on page 149.
I cannot see or access the Login screen in the Web Configurator.
Make sure you are using the correct IP address.
• The default IP address is 192.168.1.1.
• If you changed the IP address (Section 7.3 on page 102), use the new IP
address.
• If you changed the IP address and have forgotten it, see the troubleshooting
suggestions for I don’t know the IP address of my NBG-416N.
Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as
expected. See the Quick Start Guide.
Make sure your Internet browser does not block pop-up windows and has
JavaScript and Java enabled. See Appendix B on page 167.
Make sure your computer is in the same subnet as the NBG-416N. (If you know
that there are routers between your computer and the NBG-416N, skip this step.)
• If there is a DHCP server on your network, make sure your computer is using
a dynamic IP address. See Section 7.3 on page 102.
• If there is no DHCP server on your network, make sure your computer’s IP
address is in the same subnet as the NBG-416N. See Section 7.3 on page
102.
Reset the device to its factory defaults, and try to access the NBG-416N with the
default IP address. See Section 7.3 on page 102.
If the problem continues, contact the network administrator or vendor, or try one
of the advanced suggestions.
Advanced Suggestions
• If your computer is connected to the WAN port or is connected wirelessly, use a
computer that is connected to a LAN/ETHERNET port.
I can see the Login screen, but I cannot log in to the NBG-416N.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
147
Chapter 20 Troubleshooting
Make sure you have entered the password correctly. The default username is
admin and default password is 1234. This field is case-sensitive, so make sure
[Caps Lock] is not on.
This can happen when you fail to log out properly from your last session. Try
logging in again after 5 minutes.
Disconnect and re-connect the power adaptor or cord to the NBG-416N.
If this does not work, you have to reset the device to its factory defaults. See
Section 20.4 on page 149.
20.3 Internet Access
I cannot access the Internet.
Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as
expected. See the Quick Start Guide.
Make sure you entered your ISP account information correctly in the wizard. These
fields are case-sensitive, so make sure [Caps Lock] is not on.
If you are trying to access the Internet wirelessly, make sure the wireless settings
in the wireless client are the same as the settings in the AP.
Disconnect all the cables from your device, and follow the directions in the Quick
Start Guide again.
Go to Maintenance > Sys OP Mode > General. Check your System Operation
Mode setting.
• Select Router if your device routes traffic between a local network and
another network such as the Internet.
• Select Access Point if your device bridges traffic between clients on the
same network.
If the problem continues, contact your ISP.
I cannot access the Internet anymore. I had access to the Internet (with the NBG416N), but my Internet connection is not available anymore.
148
NBG-416N User’s Guide
Chapter 20 Troubleshooting
Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as
expected. See the Quick Start Guide and Section 1.5 on page 20.
Reboot the NBG-416N.
If the problem continues, contact your ISP.
The Internet connection is slow or intermittent.
There might be a lot of traffic on the network. Look at the LEDs, and check Section
1.5 on page 20. If the NBG-416N is sending or receiving a lot of information, try
closing some programs that use the Internet, especially peer-to-peer applications.
Check the signal strength. If the signal strength is low, try moving the NBG-416N
closer to the AP if possible, and look around to see if there are any devices that
might be interfering with the wireless network (for example, microwaves, other
wireless networks, and so on).
Reboot the NBG-416N.
If the problem continues, contact the network administrator or vendor, or try one
of the advanced suggestions.
Advanced Suggestion
• Check the settings for QoS. If it is disabled, you might consider activating it.
20.4 Resetting the NBG-416N to Its Factory
Defaults
If you reset the NBG-416N, you lose all of the changes you have made. The NBG416N re-loads its default settings, and the username/password resets to admin/
1234. You have to make all of your changes again.
You will lose all of your changes when you push the RESET button.
To reset the NBG-416N,
Make sure the power LED is on.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
149
Chapter 20 Troubleshooting
Press the RESET button for longer than 1 second to restart/reboot the NBG-416N.
Press the RESET button for longer than five seconds to set the NBG-416N back to
its factory-default configurations.
If the NBG-416N restarts automatically, wait for the NBG-416N to finish
restarting, and log in to the Web Configurator. The username is admin and
password is 1234.
If the NBG-416N does not restart automatically, disconnect and reconnect the
NBG-416N’s power. Then, follow the directions above again.
20.5 Wireless Router/AP Troubleshooting
I cannot access the NBG-416N or ping any computer from the WLAN (wireless
AP or router).
Make sure the wireless LAN is enabled on the NBG-416N.
Make sure the wireless adapter on the wireless station is working properly.
Make sure the wireless adapter installed on your computer is IEEE 802.11
compatible and supports the same wireless standard as the NBG-416N.
Make sure your computer (with a wireless adapter installed) is within the
transmission range of the NBG-416N.
Check that both the NBG-416N and your wireless station are using the same
wireless and wireless security settings.
Make sure traffic between the WLAN and the LAN is not blocked by the firewall on
the NBG-416N.
Make sure you allow the NBG-416N to be remotely accessed through the WLAN
interface. Check your remote management settings.
• See Chapter 7 Wireless LAN for more information.
I can access the Web Configurator after I switched to AP mode.
150
NBG-416N User’s Guide
Chapter 20 Troubleshooting
When you change from router mode to AP mode, your computer must have an IP
address in the range between “192.168.1.3” and “192.168.1.254”.
Refer to Appendix C on page 175 for instructions on how to change your
computer’s IP address.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
151
Chapter 20 Troubleshooting
152
NBG-416N User’s Guide
CHAPTER
21
Product Specifications
The following tables summarize the NBG-416N’s hardware and firmware features.
Table 53 Hardware Features
Dimensions (W x D x
H)
162 mm x 115 mm x 33 mm
Weight
216 g
Power Specification
Input: 100 -- 240VAC, 50/60 Hz
Output: 5VDC /1A
Ethernet ports
Auto-negotiating: 10 Mbps, 100 Mbps in either half-duplex or fullduplex mode.
Auto-crossover: Use either crossover or straight-through Ethernet
cables.
4-5 Port Switch
A combination of switch and router makes your NBG-416N a costeffective and viable network solution. You can add up to four
computers to the NBG-416N without the cost of a hub when
connecting to the Internet through the WAN port. You can add up
to five computers to the NBG-416N when you connect to the
Internet in AP mode. Add more than four computers to your LAN
by using a hub.
LEDs
PWR, LAN1-4, WAN, WLAN, WPS
Reset Button
The reset button is built into the rear panel. Use this button to
restore the NBG-416N to its factory default settings. Press for 1
second to restart the device. Press for 5 seconds to restore to
factory default settings.
WPS button
Press the WPS on two WPS enabled devices within 120 seconds
for a security-enabled wireless connection.
Antenna
The NBG-416N is equipped with a 2.4GHz detachable antenna to
provide clear radio transmission and reception on the wireless
network.
Operation
Environment
Temperature: 0º C ~ 40º C / 32ºF ~ 104ºF
Storage Environment
Temperature: -30º C ~ 70º C / -22ºF ~ 158ºF
Humidity: 20% ~ 90%
Humidity: 20% ~ 95%
NBG-416N User’s Guide
153
Chapter 21 Product Specifications
Table 54 Firmware Features
FEATURE
DESCRIPTION
Default LAN IP Address
192.168.1.1 (router)
192.168.1.2. (AP)
Default LAN Subnet
Mask
255.255.255.0 (24 bits)
Default Username
admin
Default Password
1234
DHCP Pool
192.168.1.33 to 192.168.1.64
Wireless Interface
Wireless LAN
Default Wireless SSID
NBG-416N
Device Management
Use the Web Configurator to easily configure the rich range of
features on the NBG-416N.
Wireless Functionality
Allows IEEE802.11b, IEEE802.11g, and/or IEEE 802.11n
wireless clients to connect to the NBG-416N wirelessly. Enable
wireless security ( WPA(2)-PSK) and/or MAC filtering to protect
your wireless network.
Note: The NBG-416N may be prone to RF (Radio
Frequency) interference from other 2.4 GHz devices
such as microwave ovens, wireless phones,
Bluetooth enabled devices, and other wireless LANs.
Firmware Upgrade
Download new firmware (when available) from the ZyXEL web
site and use the Web Configurator to put it on the NBG-416N.
Note: Only upload firmware for your specific model!
154
Configuration Backup &
Restoration
Make a copy of the NBG-416N’s configuration and put it back
on the NBG-416N later if you decide you want to revert back to
an earlier configuration.
Network Address
Translation (NAT)
Each computer on your network must have its own unique IP
address. Use NAT to convert a single public IP address to
multiple private IP addresses for the computers on your
network.
Firewall
You can configure firewall on the NBG-416N for secure Internet
access. When the firewall is on, by default, all incoming traffic
from the Internet to your network is blocked unless it is
initiated from your network. This means that probes from the
outside to your network are not allowed, but you can safely
browse the Internet and download files for example.
Remote Management
This allows you to decide whether a service (HTTP or FTP traffic
for example) from a computer on a network (LAN or WAN for
example) can access the NBG-416N.
Wireless LAN Scheduler
You can schedule the times the Wireless LAN is enabled/
disabled.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
Chapter 21 Product Specifications
Table 54 Firmware Features (continued)
FEATURE
DESCRIPTION
Time and Date
Get the current time and date from an external server when
you turn on your NBG-416N. You can also set the time
manually. These dates and times are then used in logs.
Port Forwarding
If you have a server (mail or web server for example) on your
network, then use this feature to let people access it from the
Internet.
DHCP (Dynamic Host
Configuration Protocol)
Use this feature to have the NBG-416N assign IP addresses, an
IP default gateway and DNS servers to computers on your
network.
Logging
Use logs for troubleshooting. You can view logs in the Web
Configurator.
PPPoE
PPPoE mimics a dial-up Internet access connection.
PPTP Encapsulation
Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) enables secure
transfer of data through a Virtual Private Network (VPN). The
NBG-416N supports one PPTP connection at a time.
Universal Plug and Play
(UPnP)
The NBG-416N can communicate with other UPnP enabled
devices in a network.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
155
Chapter 21 Product Specifications
156
NBG-416N User’s Guide
APPENDIX
IP Addresses and Subnetting
This appendix introduces IP addresses and subnet masks.
IP addresses identify individual devices on a network. Every networking device
(including computers, servers, routers, printers, etc.) needs an IP address to
communicate across the network. These networking devices are also known as
hosts.
Subnet masks determine the maximum number of possible hosts on a network.
You can also use subnet masks to divide one network into multiple sub-networks.
Introduction to IP Addresses
One part of the IP address is the network number, and the other part is the host
ID. In the same way that houses on a street share a common street name, the
hosts on a network share a common network number. Similarly, as each house
has its own house number, each host on the network has its own unique
identifying number - the host ID. Routers use the network number to send packets
to the correct network, while the host ID determines to which host on the network
the packets are delivered.
Structure
An IP address is made up of four parts, written in dotted decimal notation (for
example, 192.168.1.1). Each of these four parts is known as an octet. An octet is
an eight-digit binary number (for example 11000000, which is 192 in decimal
notation).
Therefore, each octet has a possible range of 00000000 to 11111111 in binary, or
0 to 255 in decimal.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
157
Appendix A IP Addresses and Subnetting
The following figure shows an example IP address in which the first three octets
(192.168.1) are the network number, and the fourth octet (16) is the host ID.
Figure 95 Network Number and Host ID
How much of the IP address is the network number and how much is the host ID
varies according to the subnet mask.
Subnet Masks
A subnet mask is used to determine which bits are part of the network number,
and which bits are part of the host ID (using a logical AND operation). The term
“subnet” is short for “sub-network”.
A subnet mask has 32 bits. If a bit in the subnet mask is a “1” then the
corresponding bit in the IP address is part of the network number. If a bit in the
subnet mask is “0” then the corresponding bit in the IP address is part of the host
ID.
The following example shows a subnet mask identifying the network number (in
bold text) and host ID of an IP address (192.168.1.2 in decimal).
Table 55 Subnet Mask - Identifying Network Number
158
1ST
OCTET:
2ND
OCTET:
3RD
OCTET:
4TH
OCTET
(192)
(168)
(1)
(2)
IP Address (Binary)
11000000
10101000
00000001
00000010
Subnet Mask (Binary)
11111111
11111111
11111111
00000000
NBG-416N User’s Guide
Appendix A IP Addresses and Subnetting
Table 55 Subnet Mask - Identifying Network Number
Network Number
1ST
OCTET:
2ND
OCTET:
3RD
OCTET:
4TH
OCTET
(192)
(168)
(1)
(2)
11000000
10101000
00000001
Host ID
00000010
By convention, subnet masks always consist of a continuous sequence of ones
beginning from the leftmost bit of the mask, followed by a continuous sequence of
zeros, for a total number of 32 bits.
Subnet masks can be referred to by the size of the network number part (the bits
with a “1” value). For example, an “8-bit mask” means that the first 8 bits of the
mask are ones and the remaining 24 bits are zeroes.
Subnet masks are expressed in dotted decimal notation just like IP addresses. The
following examples show the binary and decimal notation for 8-bit, 16-bit, 24-bit
and 29-bit subnet masks.
Table 56 Subnet Masks
BINARY
1ST
OCTET
2ND
OCTET
3RD
OCTET
4TH
OCTET
DECIMAL
8-bit mask
11111111
00000000
00000000
00000000
255.0.0.0
16-bit
mask
11111111
11111111
00000000
00000000
255.255.0.0
24-bit
mask
11111111
11111111
11111111
00000000
255.255.255.0
29-bit
mask
11111111
11111111
11111111
11111000
255.255.255.24
Network Size
The size of the network number determines the maximum number of possible
hosts you can have on your network. The larger the number of network number
bits, the smaller the number of remaining host ID bits.
An IP address with host IDs of all zeros is the IP address of the network
(192.168.1.0 with a 24-bit subnet mask, for example). An IP address with host
IDs of all ones is the broadcast address for that network (192.168.1.255 with a
24-bit subnet mask, for example).
NBG-416N User’s Guide
159
Appendix A IP Addresses and Subnetting
As these two IP addresses cannot be used for individual hosts, calculate the
maximum number of possible hosts in a network as follows:
Table 57 Maximum Host Numbers
SUBNET MASK
HOST ID SIZE
8 bits
24 bits
255.0.0.0
16 bits 255.255.0.0
24 bits 255.255.255.0
29 bits 255.255.255.2
48
16 bits
MAXIMUM NUMBER OF
HOSTS
224 – 2
16
16777214
–2
65534
8 bits
2 –2
254
3 bits
23
–2
Notation
Since the mask is always a continuous number of ones beginning from the left,
followed by a continuous number of zeros for the remainder of the 32 bit mask,
you can simply specify the number of ones instead of writing the value of each
octet. This is usually specified by writing a “/” followed by the number of bits in
the mask after the address.
For example, 192.1.1.0 /25 is equivalent to saying 192.1.1.0 with subnet mask
255.255.255.128.
The following table shows some possible subnet masks using both notations.
Table 58 Alternative Subnet Mask Notation
160
SUBNET
MASK
ALTERNATIVE LAST OCTET
NOTATION
(BINARY)
LAST OCTET
(DECIMAL)
255.255.255.0
/24
0000 0000
255.255.255.12 /25
1000 0000
128
255.255.255.19 /26
1100 0000
192
255.255.255.22 /27
1110 0000
224
255.255.255.24 /28
1111 0000
240
255.255.255.24 /29
1111 1000
248
255.255.255.25 /30
1111 1100
252
NBG-416N User’s Guide
Appendix A IP Addresses and Subnetting
Subnetting
You can use subnetting to divide one network into multiple sub-networks. In the
following example a network administrator creates two sub-networks to isolate a
group of servers from the rest of the company network for security reasons.
In this example, the company network address is 192.168.1.0. The first three
octets of the address (192.168.1) are the network number, and the remaining
octet is the host ID, allowing a maximum of 28 – 2 or 254 possible hosts.
The following figure shows the company network before subnetting.
Figure 96 Subnetting Example: Before Subnetting
You can “borrow” one of the host ID bits to divide the network 192.168.1.0 into
two separate sub-networks. The subnet mask is now 25 bits (255.255.255.128 or
/25).
The “borrowed” host ID bit can have a value of either 0 or 1, allowing two
subnets; 192.168.1.0 /25 and 192.168.1.128 /25.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
161
Appendix A IP Addresses and Subnetting
The following figure shows the company network after subnetting. There are now
two sub-networks, A and B.
Figure 97 Subnetting Example: After Subnetting
In a 25-bit subnet the host ID has 7 bits, so each sub-network has a maximum of
27 – 2 or 126 possible hosts (a host ID of all zeroes is the subnet’s address itself,
all ones is the subnet’s broadcast address).
192.168.1.0 with mask 255.255.255.128 is subnet A itself, and 192.168.1.127
with mask 255.255.255.128 is its broadcast address. Therefore, the lowest IP
address that can be assigned to an actual host for subnet A is 192.168.1.1 and
the highest is 192.168.1.126.
Similarly, the host ID range for subnet B is 192.168.1.129 to 192.168.1.254.
Example: Four Subnets
The previous example illustrated using a 25-bit subnet mask to divide a 24-bit
address into two subnets. Similarly, to divide a 24-bit address into four subnets,
you need to “borrow” two host ID bits to give four possible combinations (00, 01,
10 and 11). The subnet mask is 26 bits
(11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000) or 255.255.255.192.
162
NBG-416N User’s Guide
Appendix A IP Addresses and Subnetting
Each subnet contains 6 host ID bits, giving 26 - 2 or 62 hosts for each subnet (a
host ID of all zeroes is the subnet itself, all ones is the subnet’s broadcast
address).
Table 59 Subnet 1
IP/SUBNET MASK
NETWORK NUMBER
LAST OCTET BIT
VALUE
IP Address (Decimal)
192.168.1.
IP Address (Binary)
11000000.10101000.00000001.
00000000
Subnet Mask (Binary)
11111111.11111111.11111111.
11000000
Subnet Address:
192.168.1.0
Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.1
Broadcast Address:
192.168.1.63
Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.62
Table 60 Subnet 2
IP/SUBNET MASK
NETWORK NUMBER
LAST OCTET BIT
VALUE
IP Address
192.168.1.
64
IP Address (Binary)
11000000.10101000.00000001.
01000000
Subnet Mask (Binary)
11111111.11111111.11111111.
11000000
Subnet Address:
192.168.1.64
Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.65
Broadcast Address:
192.168.1.127
Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.126
Table 61 Subnet 3
IP/SUBNET MASK
NETWORK NUMBER
LAST OCTET BIT
VALUE
IP Address
192.168.1.
128
IP Address (Binary)
11000000.10101000.00000001.
10000000
Subnet Mask (Binary)
11111111.11111111.11111111.
11000000
Subnet Address:
192.168.1.128
Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.129
Broadcast Address:
192.168.1.191
Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.190
Table 62 Subnet 4
IP/SUBNET MASK
NETWORK NUMBER
LAST OCTET BIT
VALUE
IP Address
192.168.1.
192
IP Address (Binary)
11000000.10101000.00000001
11000000
Subnet Mask (Binary)
11111111.11111111.11111111
11000000
NBG-416N User’s Guide
163
Appendix A IP Addresses and Subnetting
Table 62 Subnet 4 (continued)
LAST OCTET BIT
VALUE
IP/SUBNET MASK
NETWORK NUMBER
Subnet Address:
192.168.1.192
Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.193
Broadcast Address:
192.168.1.255
Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.254
Example: Eight Subnets
Similarly, use a 27-bit mask to create eight subnets (000, 001, 010, 011, 100,
101, 110 and 111).
The following table shows IP address last octet values for each subnet.
Table 63 Eight Subnets
SUBNET
SUBNET
ADDRESS
FIRST ADDRESS
LAST
ADDRESS
BROADCAST
ADDRESS
30
31
32
33
62
63
64
65
94
95
96
97
126
127
128
129
158
159
160
161
190
191
192
193
222
223
224
225
254
255
Subnet Planning
The following table is a summary for subnet planning on a network with a 24-bit
network number.
Table 64 24-bit Network Number Subnet Planning
164
NO. “BORROWED”
HOST BITS
SUBNET MASK
NO. SUBNETS NO. HOSTS PER
SUBNET
255.255.255.128 (/25)
126
255.255.255.192 (/26)
62
255.255.255.224 (/27)
30
255.255.255.240 (/28)
16
14
255.255.255.248 (/29)
32
255.255.255.252 (/30)
64
255.255.255.254 (/31)
128
NBG-416N User’s Guide
Appendix A IP Addresses and Subnetting
The following table is a summary for subnet planning on a network with a 16-bit
network number.
Table 65 16-bit Network Number Subnet Planning
NO. “BORROWED”
HOST BITS
SUBNET MASK
NO. HOSTS PER
NO. SUBNETS SUBNET
255.255.128.0 (/17)
32766
255.255.192.0 (/18)
16382
255.255.224.0 (/19)
8190
255.255.240.0 (/20)
16
4094
255.255.248.0 (/21)
32
2046
255.255.252.0 (/22)
64
1022
255.255.254.0 (/23)
128
510
255.255.255.0 (/24)
256
254
255.255.255.128 (/25)
512
126
10
255.255.255.192 (/26)
1024
62
11
255.255.255.224 (/27)
2048
30
12
255.255.255.240 (/28)
4096
14
13
255.255.255.248 (/29)
8192
14
255.255.255.252 (/30)
16384
15
255.255.255.254 (/31)
32768
Configuring IP Addresses
Where you obtain your network number depends on your particular situation. If
the ISP or your network administrator assigns you a block of registered IP
addresses, follow their instructions in selecting the IP addresses and the subnet
mask.
If the ISP did not explicitly give you an IP network number, then most likely you
have a single user account and the ISP will assign you a dynamic IP address when
the connection is established. If this is the case, it is recommended that you select
a network number from 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.0. The Internet Assigned
Number Authority (IANA) reserved this block of addresses specifically for private
use; please do not use any other number unless you are told otherwise. You must
also enable Network Address Translation (NAT) on the NBG-416N.
Once you have decided on the network number, pick an IP address for your NBG416N that is easy to remember (for instance, 192.168.1.1) but make sure that no
other device on your network is using that IP address.
The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your
NBG-416N will compute the subnet mask automatically based on the IP address
NBG-416N User’s Guide
165
Appendix A IP Addresses and Subnetting
that you entered. You don't need to change the subnet mask computed by the
NBG-416N unless you are instructed to do otherwise.
Private IP Addresses
Every machine on the Internet must have a unique address. If your networks are
isolated from the Internet (running only between two branch offices, for example)
you can assign any IP addresses to the hosts without problems. However, the
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) has reserved the following three
blocks of IP addresses specifically for private networks:
• 10.0.0.0
• 172.16.0.0
— 10.255.255.255
— 172.31.255.255
• 192.168.0.0 — 192.168.255.255
You can obtain your IP address from the IANA, from an ISP, or it can be assigned
from a private network. If you belong to a small organization and your Internet
access is through an ISP, the ISP can provide you with the Internet addresses for
your local networks. On the other hand, if you are part of a much larger
organization, you should consult your network administrator for the appropriate IP
addresses.
Regardless of your particular situation, do not create an arbitrary IP address;
always follow the guidelines above. For more information on address assignment,
please refer to RFC 1597, Address Allocation for Private Internets and RFC 1466,
Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space.
166
NBG-416N User’s Guide
APPENDIX
Pop-up Windows, JavaScript
and Java Permissions
In order to use the Web Configurator you need to allow:
• Web browser pop-up windows from your device.
• JavaScript (enabled by default).
• Java permissions (enabled by default).
Note: Internet Explorer 6 screens are used here. Screens for other Internet Explorer
versions may vary.
Internet Explorer Pop-up Blockers
You may have to disable pop-up blocking to log into your device.
Either disable pop-up blocking (enabled by default in Windows XP SP (Service
Pack) 2) or allow pop-up blocking and create an exception for your device’s IP
address.
Disable pop-up Blockers
In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Pop-up Blocker and then select Turn Off
Pop-up Blocker.
Figure 98 Pop-up Blocker
You can also check if pop-up blocking is disabled in the Pop-up Blocker section in
the Privacy tab.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
167
Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScript and Java Permissions
In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Internet Options, Privacy.
Clear the Block pop-ups check box in the Pop-up Blocker section of the screen.
This disables any web pop-up blockers you may have enabled.
Figure 99 Internet Options: Privacy
Click Apply to save this setting.
Enable pop-up Blockers with Exceptions
Alternatively, if you only want to allow pop-up windows from your device, see the
following steps.
168
In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Internet Options and then the Privacy tab.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScript and Java Permissions
Select Settings…to open the Pop-up Blocker Settings screen.
Figure 100 Internet Options: Privacy
Type the IP address of your device (the web page that you do not want to have
blocked) with the prefix “http://”. For example, http://192.168.167.1.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
169
Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScript and Java Permissions
Click Add to move the IP address to the list of Allowed sites.
Figure 101 Pop-up Blocker Settings
Click Close to return to the Privacy screen.
Click Apply to save this setting.
JavaScript
If pages of the Web Configurator do not display properly in Internet Explorer,
check that JavaScript are allowed.
170
NBG-416N User’s Guide
Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScript and Java Permissions
In Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Security tab.
Figure 102 Internet Options: Security
Click the Custom Level... button.
Scroll down to Scripting.
Under Active scripting make sure that Enable is selected (the default).
Under Scripting of Java applets make sure that Enable is selected (the
default).
NBG-416N User’s Guide
171
Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScript and Java Permissions
Click OK to close the window.
Figure 103 Security Settings - Java Scripting
Java Permissions
172
From Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Security
tab.
Click the Custom Level... button.
Scroll down to Microsoft VM.
Under Java permissions make sure that a safety level is selected.
NBG-416N User’s Guide
Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScript and Java Permissions
Click OK to close the window.
Figure 104 Security Settings - Java
JAVA (Sun)
From Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Advanced
tab.
Make sure that Use Java 2 for Source Exif Data:
File Type : PDF File Type Extension : pdf MIME Type : application/pdf PDF Version : 1.4 Linearized : No Encryption : Standard V2.3 (128-bit) User Access : Print, Annotate, Fill forms, Extract, Print high-res Create Date : 2010:12:28 16:05:24Z Modify Date : 2010:12:28 16:48:32+08:00 Producer : Acrobat Distiller 9.4.0 (Windows) Creation Date : 2010:12:28 16:05:24Z Mod Date : 2010:12:28 16:48:32+08:00 Author : Creator Tool : FrameMaker 7.1 Metadata Date : 2010:12:28 16:48:32+08:00 Document ID : uuid:e5fa2482-3dc9-4269-94a6-e70d41e63e54 Instance ID : uuid:7e52fec5-3d12-4b44-bcf3-9691de5e6c57 Format : application/pdf Creator : Title : Page Mode : UseOutlines Page Count : 244 Page Layout : OneColumnEXIF Metadata provided by EXIF.tools