ZyXEL Communications NBG417N Wireless N-lite Home Router User Manual NBG 417N UG v1 00 Ed1 2009 1 23

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NBG-417N
Wireless N-lite Home Router
Default Login Details
IP Address
http://192.168.1.1
Password
1234
Firmware Version 1.0
Edition 1, 1/2009
www.zyxel.com
www.zyxel.com
Copyright © 2009
ZyXEL Communications Corporation
About This User's Guide
About This User's Guide
Intended Audience
This manual is intended for people who want to configure the NBG-417N using the
Web Configurator. You should have at least a basic knowledge of TCP/IP
networking concepts and topology.
Related Documentation
• Quick Start Guide
The Quick Start Guide is designed to help you get up and running right away. It
contains information on setting up your network and configuring for Internet
access.
• Supporting Disc
Refer to the included CD for support documents.
• ZyXEL Web Site
Please refer to www.zyxel.com for additional support documentation and
product certifications.
User Guide Feedback
Help us help you. Send all User Guide-related comments, questions or suggestions
for improvement to the following address, or use e-mail instead. Thank you!
The Technical Writing Team,
ZyXEL Communications Corp.,
6 Innovation Road II,
Science-Based Industrial Park,
Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.
E-mail: techwriters@zyxel.com.tw
NBG-417N User’s Guide
About This User's Guide
Customer Support
In the event of problems that cannot be solved by using this manual, you should
contact your vendor. If you cannot contact your vendor, then contact a ZyXEL
office for the region in which you bought the device. See http://www.zyxel.com/
web/contact_us.php for contact information. Please have the following information
ready when you contact an office.
• Product model and serial number.
• Warranty Information.
• Date that you received your device.
Brief description of the problem and the steps you took to solve it.
NBG-417N User’s Guide
Document Conventions
Document Conventions
Warnings and Notes
These are how warnings and notes are shown in this User’s Guide.
Warnings tell you about things that could harm you or your device.
Note: Notes tell you other important information (for example, other things you may
need to configure or helpful tips) or recommendations.
Syntax Conventions
• The NBG-417N may be referred to as the “NBG-417N”, the “device”, the
“product” or the “system” in this User’s Guide.
• Product labels, screen names, field labels and field choices are all in bold font.
• A key stroke is denoted by square brackets and uppercase text, for example,
[ENTER] means the “enter” or “return” key on your keyboard.
• “Enter” means for you to type one or more characters and then press the
[ENTER] key. “Select” or “choose” means for you to use one of the predefined
choices.
• A right angle bracket ( > ) within a screen name denotes a mouse click. For
example, Maintenance > Log > Log Setting means you first click
Maintenance in the navigation panel, then the Log sub menu and finally the
Log Setting tab to get to that screen.
• Units of measurement may denote the “metric” value or the “scientific” value.
For example, “k” for kilo may denote “1000” or “1024”, “M” for mega may
denote “1000000” or “1048576” and so on.
• “e.g.,” is a shorthand for “for instance”, and “i.e.,” means “that is” or “in other
words”.
NBG-417N User’s Guide
Document Conventions
Icons Used in Figures
Figures in this User’s Guide may use the following generic icons. The NBG-417N
icon is not an exact representation of your device.
NBG-417N
Computer
Notebook computer
Server
DSLAM
Firewall
Telephone
Switch
Router
Modem
NBG-417N User’s Guide
Safety Warnings
Safety Warnings
• Do NOT use this product near water, for example, in a wet basement or near a swimming
pool.
• Do NOT expose your device to dampness, dust or corrosive liquids.
• Do NOT store things on the device.
• Do NOT install, use, or service this device during a thunderstorm. There is a remote risk
of electric shock from lightning.
• Connect ONLY suitable accessories to the device.
• Do NOT open the device or unit. Opening or removing covers can expose you to
dangerous high voltage points or other risks. ONLY qualified service personnel should
service or disassemble this device. Please contact your vendor for further information.
• Make sure to connect the cables to the correct ports.
• Place connecting cables carefully so that no one will step on them or stumble over them.
• Always disconnect all cables from this device before servicing or disassembling.
• Use ONLY an appropriate power adaptor or cord for your device.
• Connect the power adaptor or cord to the right supply voltage (for example, 110V AC in
North America or 230V AC in Europe).
• Do NOT allow anything to rest on the power adaptor or cord and do NOT place the
product where anyone can walk on the power adaptor or cord.
• Do NOT use the device if the power adaptor or cord is damaged as it might cause
electrocution.
• If the power adaptor or cord is damaged, remove it from the power outlet.
• Do NOT attempt to repair the power adaptor or cord. Contact your local vendor to order a
new one.
• Do not use the device outside, and make sure all the connections are indoors. There is a
remote risk of electric shock from lightning.
• Do NOT obstruct the device ventilation slots, as insufficient airflow may harm your
device.
• Antenna Warning! This device meets ETSI and FCC certification requirements when using
the included antenna(s). Only use the included antenna(s).
• If you wall mount your device, make sure that no electrical lines, gas or water pipes will
be damaged.
Your product is marked with this symbol, which is known as the WEEE mark. WEEE
stands for Waste Electronics and Electrical Equipment. It means that used electrical
and electronic products should not be mixed with general waste. Used electrical and
electronic equipment should be treated separately.
NBG-417N User’s Guide
Safety Warnings
NBG-417N User’s Guide
Contents Overview
Contents Overview
Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 19
Getting to Know Your NBG-417N .............................................................................................. 21
The WPS Button ........................................................................................................................ 25
Introducing the Web Configurator .............................................................................................. 27
Connection Wizard .................................................................................................................... 39
AP Mode .................................................................................................................................... 53
Tutorials ..................................................................................................................................... 61
Network ................................................................................................................................... 69
Wireless LAN ............................................................................................................................. 71
WAN .......................................................................................................................................... 91
LAN .......................................................................................................................................... 103
DHCP Server ........................................................................................................................... 107
Network Address Translation (NAT) .........................................................................................113
Dynamic DNS .......................................................................................................................... 123
Security ................................................................................................................................. 127
Firewall .................................................................................................................................... 129
Content Filtering ...................................................................................................................... 135
Management ......................................................................................................................... 141
Static Route ............................................................................................................................. 143
Bandwidth Management .......................................................................................................... 147
Remote Management .............................................................................................................. 155
Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) ............................................................................................. 159
Maintenance and Troubleshooting ..................................................................................... 173
System ..................................................................................................................................... 175
Logs ......................................................................................................................................... 181
Tools ........................................................................................................................................ 183
Sys OP Mode .......................................................................................................................... 189
Language ................................................................................................................................. 193
Troubleshooting ....................................................................................................................... 195
Appendices and Index ......................................................................................................... 203
NBG-417N User’s Guide
Contents Overview
10
NBG-417N User’s Guide
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
About This User's Guide .......................................................................................................... 3
Document Conventions............................................................................................................ 5
Safety Warnings........................................................................................................................ 7
Contents Overview ................................................................................................................... 9
Table of Contents.................................................................................................................... 11
Part I: Introduction................................................................................. 19
Chapter 1
Getting to Know Your NBG-417N .......................................................................................... 21
1.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 21
1.2 Applications ......................................................................................................................... 21
1.3 Ways to Manage the NBG-417N ......................................................................................... 22
1.4 Good Habits for Managing the NBG-417N .......................................................................... 22
1.5 LEDs .................................................................................................................................... 22
Chapter 2
The WPS Button...................................................................................................................... 25
2.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 25
Chapter 3
Introducing the Web Configurator ........................................................................................ 27
3.1 Web Configurator Overview ................................................................................................. 27
3.2 Accessing the Web Configurator ......................................................................................... 27
3.3 Resetting the NBG-417N ..................................................................................................... 29
3.3.1 Procedure to Use the Reset Button ........................................................................... 29
3.4 Navigating the Web Configurator
...................................................................................... 29
3.5 The Status Screen in Router Mode ..................................................................................... 30
3.5.1 Navigation Panel ........................................................................................................ 32
3.5.2 Summary: DHCP Table ........................................................................................... 34
3.5.3 Summary: Packet Statistics
..................................................................................... 35
3.5.4 Summary: WLAN Station Status
............................................................................ 36
Chapter 4
Connection Wizard ................................................................................................................. 39
NBG-417N User’s Guide
11
Table of Contents
4.1 Wizard Setup ....................................................................................................................... 39
4.2 Connection Wizard: STEP 1: System Information ............................................................... 40
4.2.1 System Name ............................................................................................................. 40
4.2.2 Domain Name ............................................................................................................ 41
4.3 Connection Wizard: STEP 2: Wireless LAN ........................................................................ 42
4.3.1 Extend (WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK) Security ............................................................... 43
4.4 Connection Wizard: STEP 3: Internet Configuration ........................................................... 43
4.4.1 Ethernet Connection .................................................................................................. 44
4.4.2 PPPoE Connection .................................................................................................... 44
4.4.3 PPTP Connection ....................................................................................................... 46
4.4.4 Your IP Address ......................................................................................................... 47
4.4.5 WAN IP Address Assignment ..................................................................................... 48
4.4.6 IP Address and Subnet Mask ..................................................................................... 48
4.4.7 DNS Server Address Assignment .............................................................................. 49
4.4.8 WAN IP and DNS Server Address Assignment ......................................................... 50
4.4.9 WAN MAC Address .................................................................................................... 51
4.5 Connection Wizard Complete .............................................................................................. 52
Chapter 5
AP Mode................................................................................................................................... 53
5.1 AP Mode Overview .............................................................................................................. 53
5.2 Setting your NBG-417N to AP Mode ................................................................................... 53
5.3 The Status Screen in AP Mode ........................................................................................... 54
5.3.1 Navigation Panel ........................................................................................................ 56
5.4 Configuring Your Settings .................................................................................................... 57
5.4.1 LAN Settings .............................................................................................................. 57
5.4.2 WLAN and Maintenance Settings .............................................................................. 58
5.5 Logging in to the Web Configurator in AP Mode ................................................................. 58
Chapter 6
Tutorials ................................................................................................................................... 61
6.1 How to Connect to the Internet from an AP ......................................................................... 61
6.2 Configure Wireless Security Using WPS on both your NBG-417N and Wireless Client ..... 61
6.2.1 Push Button Configuration (PBC) .............................................................................. 62
6.2.2 PIN Configuration ....................................................................................................... 63
6.3 Enable and Configure Wireless Security without WPS on your NBG-417N ........................ 65
6.4 Configure Your Notebook .................................................................................................... 66
Part II: Network....................................................................................... 69
Chapter 7
Wireless LAN........................................................................................................................... 71
12
NBG-417N User’s Guide
Table of Contents
7.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 71
7.2 What You Can Do In the Wireless LAN Screen ................................................................... 72
7.3 What You Should Know About Wireless LAN ...................................................................... 72
7.3.1 Wireless Security Overview ....................................................................................... 72
7.4 General Wireless LAN Screen ............................................................................................ 75
7.4.1 No Security ................................................................................................................. 76
7.4.2 WEP Encryption ......................................................................................................... 77
7.4.3 WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK ................................................................................................ 79
7.5 MAC Filter ............................................................................................................................ 80
7.6 Wireless LAN Advanced Screen ......................................................................................... 82
7.7 Quality of Service (QoS) Screen ......................................................................................... 83
7.7.1 Application Priority Configuration ............................................................................... 85
7.8 WPS Screen ........................................................................................................................ 87
7.9 WPS Station Screen ............................................................................................................ 88
7.10 Scheduling Screen ............................................................................................................ 88
Chapter 8
WAN.......................................................................................................................................... 91
8.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 91
8.2 What You Can Do In the WAN Screens ............................................................................... 91
8.3 What You Need To Know About WAN ................................................................................. 92
8.3.1 Configuring Your Internet Connection ........................................................................ 92
8.3.2 Multicast ..................................................................................................................... 93
8.3.3 NetBIOS over TCP/IP ................................................................................................ 94
8.3.4 Auto-Bridge ................................................................................................................ 94
8.4 Internet Connection ............................................................................................................. 95
8.4.1 Ethernet Encapsulation .............................................................................................. 95
8.4.2 PPPoE Encapsulation ................................................................................................ 96
8.4.3 PPTP Encapsulation .................................................................................................. 98
8.5 Advanced WAN Screen ..................................................................................................... 101
Chapter 9
LAN......................................................................................................................................... 103
9.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................ 103
9.2 What You Can Do in the LAN Screen ................................................................................ 103
9.3 What You Need To Know About LAN ................................................................................ 104
9.3.1 IP Pool Setup ........................................................................................................... 104
9.3.2 LAN TCP/IP .............................................................................................................. 104
9.4 LAN IP Screen ................................................................................................................... 105
Chapter 10
DHCP Server.......................................................................................................................... 107
10.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 107
NBG-417N User’s Guide
13
Table of Contents
10.2 What You Can Do in the DHCP Server Screens ............................................................. 107
10.3 What You Need To Know About the DHCP Server Screens ........................................... 107
10.4 General Screen ............................................................................................................... 108
10.5 Advanced Screen ......................................................................................................... 108
10.6 Client List Screen .............................................................................................................110
Chapter 11
Network Address Translation (NAT).................................................................................... 113
11.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................113
11.2 What You Can Do in the NAT Screens .............................................................................114
11.3 What You Need To Know About NAT ................................................................................114
11.3.1 What NAT Does .......................................................................................................115
11.3.2 How NAT Works ......................................................................................................115
11.4 General NAT Screen .........................................................................................................116
11.5 NAT Application Screen ..................................................................................................117
11.6 NAT Advanced Screen ......................................................................................................119
11.7 Technical Reference ........................................................................................................ 120
11.8 Using NATPort Forwarding: Services and Port Numbers ................................................ 120
11.8.1 Configuring Servers Behind Port Forwarding Example .......................................... 120
11.9 Trigger Port Forwarding ................................................................................................... 121
11.9.1 Trigger Port Forwarding Example ........................................................................... 122
11.9.2 Two Points To Remember About Trigger Ports ...................................................... 122
Chapter 12
Dynamic DNS ........................................................................................................................ 123
12.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................... 123
12.2 What You Can Do in the DDNS Screen ........................................................................... 123
12.3 What You Need To Know About DDNS ........................................................................... 123
12.3.1 DynDNS Wildcard .................................................................................................. 123
12.4 Dynamic DNS Screen .................................................................................................... 124
Part III: Security.................................................................................... 127
Chapter 13
Firewall................................................................................................................................... 129
13.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................ 129
13.2 What You Can Do in the Firewall Screens ....................................................................... 129
13.3 What You Need To Know About Firewall ......................................................................... 130
13.3.1 What is a Firewall? ................................................................................................. 130
13.3.2 Stateful Inspection Firewall .................................................................................... 130
13.3.3 About the NBG-417N Firewall ................................................................................ 130
14
NBG-417N User’s Guide
Table of Contents
13.3.4 Guidelines For Enhancing Security With Your Firewall .......................................... 131
13.4 General Firewall Screen ............................................................................................... 132
13.5 Services Screen ........................................................................................................... 132
Chapter 14
Content Filtering ................................................................................................................... 135
14.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 135
14.2 What You Can Do in the Content Filtering Screen .......................................................... 135
14.3 What You Need To Know About Content Filtering ........................................................... 135
14.3.1 Content Filtering Profiles ........................................................................................ 135
14.4 Filter Screen .................................................................................................................... 137
14.5 Technical Reference ........................................................................................................ 138
14.5.1 Customizing Keyword Blocking URL Checking ...................................................... 138
Part IV: Management............................................................................ 141
Chapter 15
Static Route ........................................................................................................................... 143
15.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 143
15.2 What You Can Do in the IP Static Route Screens ........................................................... 144
15.3 IP Static Route Screen .................................................................................................... 144
15.3.1 Static Route Setup Screen ................................................................................... 145
Chapter 16
Bandwidth Management....................................................................................................... 147
16.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................... 147
16.2 What You Can Do in the Bandwidth Management Screen .............................................. 147
16.3 What You Need To Know About Bandwidth Management ............................................... 148
16.4 Bandwidth Management General Configuration ............................................................. 148
16.5 Bandwidth Management Advanced Configuration .......................................................... 150
16.5.1 Rule Configuration: User Defined Service Rule Configuration
............................ 152
16.6 Technical References ...................................................................................................... 153
16.6.1 Application and Subnet-based Bandwidth Management ....................................... 153
16.6.2 Bandwidth Management Priorities ......................................................................... 153
16.6.3 Predefined Bandwidth Management Services ....................................................... 154
16.6.4 Services and Port Numbers ................................................................................... 154
Chapter 17
Remote Management............................................................................................................ 155
17.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 155
17.2 What You Can Do in the Remote Management Screens ................................................ 155
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Table of Contents
17.3 What You Need To Know About Remote Management ................................................... 155
17.3.1 Remote Management Limitations .......................................................................... 155
17.3.2 Remote Management and NAT .............................................................................. 156
17.3.3 System Timeout .................................................................................................... 156
17.4 WWW Screen ............................................................................................................... 157
Chapter 18
Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP).......................................................................................... 159
18.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................... 159
18.2 What You Can Do in the UPnP Screen ........................................................................... 159
18.3 What You Need to Know About UPnP ............................................................................. 159
18.4 UPnP Screen ................................................................................................................... 161
18.5 Technical Reference ........................................................................................................ 161
18.5.1 Installing UPnP in Windows Example .................................................................... 162
Part V: Maintenance and Troubleshooting ........................................ 173
Chapter 19
System ................................................................................................................................... 175
19.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 175
19.2 What You Can Do in the System Screens ....................................................................... 175
19.3 System General Screen ................................................................................................. 175
19.4 Time Setting Screen ........................................................................................................ 177
Chapter 20
Logs ....................................................................................................................................... 181
20.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 181
20.2 What You Can Do in the Log Screens ............................................................................. 181
20.3 What You Need to Know About Logs .............................................................................. 181
20.4 View Log Screen .............................................................................................................. 182
Chapter 21
Tools....................................................................................................................................... 183
21.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 183
21.2 What You Can Do in the Tools Screen ............................................................................ 183
21.3 Firmware Upload Screen ................................................................................................. 183
21.4 Configuration Screen ....................................................................................................... 186
21.4.1 Backup Configuration ............................................................................................. 186
21.4.2 Restore Configuration ............................................................................................ 187
21.4.3 Back to Factory Defaults ........................................................................................ 188
21.5 Restart Screen ................................................................................................................. 188
16
NBG-417N User’s Guide
Table of Contents
Chapter 22
Sys OP Mode ......................................................................................................................... 189
22.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 189
22.2 What You Can Do in the Sys OP Mode Screen ............................................................... 189
22.3 What You Need to Know About Sys OP Mode ................................................................ 190
22.4 General Screen ............................................................................................................... 191
Chapter 23
Language ............................................................................................................................... 193
23.1 Language Screen ............................................................................................................ 193
Chapter 24
Troubleshooting.................................................................................................................... 195
24.1 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs ...................................................................... 195
24.2 NBG-417N Access and Login .......................................................................................... 196
24.3 Internet Access ................................................................................................................ 198
24.4 Resetting the NBG-417N to Its Factory Defaults ............................................................. 200
24.5 Wireless Router/AP Troubleshooting ............................................................................... 200
Part VI: Appendices and Index ........................................................... 203
Appendix A Product Specifications....................................................................................... 205
Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions ...................................... 209
Appendix C IP Addresses and Subnetting ........................................................................... 217
Appendix D Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address ........................................................... 227
24.5.1 Verifying Settings ................................................................................................... 244
Appendix E Wireless LANs .................................................................................................. 245
24.5.2 WPA(2)-PSK Application Example ......................................................................... 255
24.5.3 WPA(2) with RADIUS Application Example ........................................................... 255
Appendix F Services ............................................................................................................ 257
Appendix G Legal Information.............................................................................................. 261
Index....................................................................................................................................... 265
NBG-417N User’s Guide
17
Table of Contents
18
NBG-417N User’s Guide
P ART I
Introduction
Getting to Know Your NBG-417N (21)
The WPS Button (25)
Introducing the Web Configurator (27)
Connection Wizard (39)
AP Mode (53)
Tutorials (61)
19
20
CHAPTER
Getting to Know Your NBG-417N
1.1 Overview
This chapter introduces the main features and applications of the NBG-417N.
The NBG-417N extends the range of your existing wired network without
additional wiring, providing easy network access to mobile users. You can set up a
wireless network with other IEEE 802.11b/g/n compatible devices.
A range of services such as a firewall and content filtering are also available for
secure Internet computing. You can use media bandwidth management to
efficiently manage traffic on your network. Bandwidth management features allow
you to prioritize time-sensitive or highly important applications such as Voice over
the Internet (VoIP).
1.2 Applications
Your can create the following networks using the NBG-417N:
• Wired. You can connect network devices via the Ethernet ports of the NBG417N so that they can communicate with each other and access the Internet.
• Wireless. Wireless clients can connect to the NBG-417N to access network
resources.
• WAN. Connect to a broadband modem/router for Internet access.
Figure 1 NBG-417N Network
LAN 1
LAN 2
LAN 3
LAN 4
NBG-417N User’s Guide
NBG-417N
WLAN
21
Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your NBG-417N
1.3 Ways to Manage the NBG-417N
Use any of the following methods to manage the NBG-417N.
• WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup). You can use the WPS button or the WPS section of
the Web Configurator to set up a wireless network with your ZyXEL Device.
• Web Configurator. This is recommended for everyday management of the NBG417N using a (supported) web browser.
1.4 Good Habits for Managing the NBG-417N
Do the following things regularly to make the NBG-417N more secure and to
manage the NBG-417N more effectively.
• Change the password. Use a password that’s not easy to guess and that consists
of different types of characters, such as numbers and letters.
• Write down the password and put it in a safe place.
• Back up the configuration (and make sure you know how to restore it).
Restoring an earlier working configuration may be useful if the device becomes
unstable or even crashes. If you forget your password, you will have to reset the
NBG-417N to its factory default settings. If you backed up an earlier
configuration file, you would not have to totally re-configure the NBG-417N. You
could simply restore your last configuration.
1.5 LEDs
Figure 2 Front Panel
22
NBG-417N User’s Guide
Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your NBG-417N
The following table describes the LEDs and the WPS button.
Table 1 Front Panel LEDs and WPS Button
LED
COLOR
STATUS
DESCRIPTION
POWER
Green
On
The NBG-417N is receiving power and
functioning properly.
Off
The NBG-417N is not receiving power.
On
The NBG-417N is ready, but is not sending/
receiving data through the wireless LAN.
Blinking
The NBG-417N is sending/receiving data through
the wireless LAN.
WLAN / WPS
Green
The NBG-417N is negotiating a WPS connection
with a wireless client.
WAN
LAN 1-4
WPS Button
NBG-417N User’s Guide
Green
Green
Off
The wireless LAN is not ready or has failed.
On
The NBG-417N has a successful 10/100MB WAN
connection.
Blinking
The NBG-417N is sending/receiving data through
the WAN.
Off
The WAN connection is not ready, or has failed.
On
The NBG-417N has a successful 10/100MB
Ethernet connection.
Blinking
The NBG-417N is sending/receiving data through
the LAN.
Off
The LAN is not connected.
Press this button for 1 second to set up a wireless connection via WiFi
Protected Setup with another WPS-enabled client. You must press the
WPS button on the client side within 120 seconds for a successful
connection.
23
Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your NBG-417N
24
NBG-417N User’s Guide
CHAPTER
The WPS Button
2.1 Overview
Your NBG-417N supports WiFi Protected Setup (WPS), which is an easy way to set
up a secure wireless network. WPS is an industry standard specification, defined
by the WiFi Alliance.
WPS allows you to quickly set up a wireless network with strong security, without
having to configure security settings manually. Each WPS connection works
between two devices. Both devices must support WPS (check each device’s
documentation to make sure).
Depending on the devices you have, you can either press a button (on the device
itself, or in its configuration utility) or enter a PIN (a unique Personal Identification
Number that allows one device to authenticate the other) in each of the two
devices. When WPS is activated on a device, it has two minutes to find another
device that also has WPS activated. Then, the two devices connect and set up a
secure network by themselves.
For more information on using WPS, see Section 6.2 on page 61.
NBG-417N User’s Guide
25
Chapter 2 The WPS Button
26
NBG-417N User’s Guide
CHAPTER
Introducing the Web
Configurator
This chapter describes how to access the NBG-417N Web Configurator and
provides an overview of its screens.
3.1 Web Configurator Overview
The Web Configurator is an HTML-based management interface that allows easy
setup and management of the NBG-417N via Internet browser. Use Internet
Explorer 6.0 and later or Netscape Navigator 7.0 and later versions or Safari 2.0
or later versions. The recommended screen resolution is 1024 by 768 pixels.
In order to use the Web Configurator you need to allow:
• Web browser pop-up windows from your device. Web pop-up blocking is enabled
by default in Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2.
• JavaScripts (enabled by default).
• Java permissions (enabled by default).
Refer to the Troubleshooting chapter to see how to make sure these functions are
allowed in Internet Explorer.
3.2 Accessing the Web Configurator
Make sure your NBG-417N hardware is properly connected and prepare your
computer or computer network to connect to the NBG-417N (refer to the Quick
Start Guide).
Launch your web browser.
Type "http://192.168.1.1" as the website address.
NBG-417N User’s Guide
27
Chapter 3 Introducing the Web Configurator
Your computer must be in the same subnet in order to access this website
address.
Type "1234" (default) as the password and click Login. In some versions, the
default password appears automatically - if this is the case, click Login.
You should see a screen asking you to change your password (highly
recommended) as shown next. Type a new password (and retype it to confirm)
and click Apply or click Ignore.
Figure 3 Change Password Screen
Note: The management session automatically times out when the time period set in
the Administrator Inactivity Timer field expires (default five minutes). Simply
log back into the NBG-417N if this happens.
Select the setup mode you want to use.
• Click Go to Wizard Setup to use the Configuration Wizard for basic Internet
and Wireless setup.
• Click Go to Advanced Setup to view and configure all the NBG-417N’s
settings.
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• Select a language to go to the basic Web Configurator in that language. To
change to the advanced configurator see Chapter 23 on page 193.
Figure 4
Selecting the setup mode
3.3 Resetting the NBG-417N
If you forget your password or IP address, or you cannot access the Web
Configurator, you will need to use the RESET button at the back of the NBG-417N
to reload the factory-default configuration file. This means that you will lose all
configurations that you had previously saved, the password will be reset to “1234”
and the IP address will be reset to “192.168.1.1”.
3.3.1 Procedure to Use the Reset Button
Make sure the power LED is on.
Press the RESET button for longer than 1 second to restart/reboot the NBG-417N.
Press the RESET button for longer than five seconds to set the NBG-417N back to
its factory-default configurations.
3.4 Navigating the Web Configurator
The following summarizes how to navigate the Web Configurator from the Status
screen in Router Mode and AP Mode.
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Chapter 3 Introducing the Web Configurator
3.5 The Status Screen in Router Mode
Click on Status. The screen below shows the status screen in Router Mode.
(For information on the status screen in AP Mode see Chapter 5 on page 54.)
Figure 5 Web Configurator Status Screen
The following table describes the icons shown in the Status screen.
Table 2 Status Screen Icon Key
ICON
DESCRIPTION
Click this icon to open the setup wizard.
Click this icon to view copyright and a link for related product information.
Click this icon at any time to exit the Web Configurator.
Select a number of seconds or None from the drop-down list box to refresh
all screen statistics automatically at the end of every time interval or to not
refresh the screen statistics.
Click this button to refresh the status screen statistics.
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The following table describes the labels shown in the Status screen.
Table 3 Web Configurator Status Screen
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Device Information
System Name
This is the System Name you enter in the Maintenance > System >
General screen. It is for identification purposes.
Firmware Version
This is the firmware version and the date created.
WAN Information
- MAC Address
This shows the WAN Ethernet adapter MAC Address of your device.
- IP Address
This shows the WAN port’s IP address.
- IP Subnet Mask
This shows the WAN port’s subnet mask.
- DHCP
This shows the WAN port’s DHCP role - Client or None.
LAN Information
- MAC Address
This shows the LAN Ethernet adapter MAC Address of your device.
- IP Address
This shows the LAN port’s IP address.
- IP Subnet Mask
This shows the LAN port’s subnet mask.
- DHCP
This shows the LAN port’s DHCP role - Server or None.
WLAN Information
- MAC Address
This shows the wireless adapter MAC Address of your device.
- Status
This shows the current status of the Wireless LAN - On, Off or Off by
scheduler.
- Name (SSID)
This shows a descriptive name used to identify the NBG-417N in the
wireless LAN.
- Channel
This shows the channel number which you select manually.
- Operating Channel
This shows the channel number which the NBG-417N is currently using
over the wireless LAN.
- Security Mode
This shows the level of wireless security the NBG-417N is using.
- 802.11 Mode
This shows the wireless standard.
- WPS
This displays Configured when the WPS has been set up.
This displays Unconfigured if the WPS has not been set up.
Click the status to display Network > Wireless LAN > WPS screen.
System Status
System Up Time
This is the total time the NBG-417N has been on.
Current Date/Time
This field displays your NBG-417N’s present date and time.
System Resource
- CPU Usage
NBG-417N User’s Guide
This displays what percentage of the NBG-417N’s processing ability is
currently used. When this percentage is close to 100%, the NBG-417N is
running at full load, and the throughput is not going to improve anymore.
If you want some applications to have more throughput, you should turn
off other applications (for example, using bandwidth management.
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Table 3 Web Configurator Status Screen (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
- Memory Usage
This shows what percentage of the heap memory the NBG-417N is using.
Heap memory refers to the memory that is not used by ZyNOS (ZyXEL
Network Operating System) and is thus available for running processes
like NAT and the firewall.
System Setting
- Firewall
This shows whether the firewall is active or not.
- Bandwidth
Management
This shows whether the bandwidth management is active or not.
- UPnP
This shows whether UPnP is active or not.
Interface Status
Interface
This displays the NBG-417N port types. The port types are: WAN, LAN
and WLAN.
Status
For the LAN and WAN ports, this field displays Down (line is down) or Up
(line is up or connected).
For the WLAN, it displays Up when the WLAN is enabled or Down when
the WLAN is disabled.
Rate
For the LAN ports, this displays the port speed and duplex setting or N/A
when the line is disconnected.
For the WAN port, it displays the port speed and duplex setting if you’re
using Ethernet encapsulation and Idle (line (ppp) idle), Dial (starting to
trigger a call) and Drop (dropping a call) if you're using PPPoE or PPTP
encapsulation. This field displays N/A when the line is disconnected.
For the WLAN, it displays the maximum transmission rate when the WLAN
is enabled and N/A when the WLAN is disabled.
Summary
DHCP Table
Use this screen to view current DHCP client information.
Packet Statistics
Use this screen to view port status and packet specific statistics.
WLAN Station Status
Use this screen to view the wireless stations that are currently associated
to the NBG-417N.
3.5.1 Navigation Panel
Use the sub-menus on the navigation panel to configure NBG-417N features.
The following table describes the sub-menus.
Table 4 Screens Summary
LINK
Status
TAB
FUNCTION
This screen shows the NBG-417N’s general device, system
and interface status information. Use this screen to access
the wizard, and summary statistics tables.
Network
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Table 4 Screens Summary
LINK
TAB
FUNCTION
General
Use this screen to configure wireless LAN.
MAC Filter
Use the MAC filter screen to configure the NBG-417N to
block access to devices or block the devices from
accessing the NBG-417N.
Advanced
This screen allows you to configure advanced wireless
settings.
QoS
Use this screen to configure Wi-Fi Multimedia Quality of
Service (WMM QoS). WMM QoS allows you to prioritize
wireless traffic according to the delivery requirements of
individual services.
WPS
Use this screen to configure WPS.
WPS
Station
Use this screen to add a wireless station using WPS.
Scheduling
Use this screen to schedule the times the Wireless LAN is
enabled.
Internet
Connection
This screen allows you to configure ISP parameters, WAN
IP address assignment, DNS servers and the WAN MAC
address.
Advanced
Use this screen to configure other advanced properties.
LAN
IP
Use this screen to configure LAN IP address and subnet
mask.
DHCP
Server
General
Use this screen to enable the NBG-417N’s DHCP server.
Advanced
Use this screen to assign IP addresses to specific
individual computers based on their MAC addresses and to
have DNS servers assigned by the DHCP server.
Client List
Use this screen to view current DHCP client information
and to always assign an IP address to a MAC address (and
host name).
General
Use this screen to enable NAT.
Application
Use this screen to configure servers behind the NBG417N.
Advanced
Use this screen to change your NBG-417N’s port triggering
settings.
General
Use this screen to set up dynamic DNS.
General
Use this screen to activate/deactivate the firewall.
Services
This screen shows a summary of the firewall rules, and
allows you to edit/add a firewall rule.
Filter
Use this screen to block certain web features and sites
containing certain keywords in the URL.
IP Static
Route
Use this screen to configure IP static routes.
Wireless
LAN
WAN
NAT
DDNS
Security
Firewall
Content
Filter
Management
Static
Route
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Table 4 Screens Summary
LINK
TAB
FUNCTION
Bandwidth
MGMT
General
Use this screen to enable bandwidth management.
Advanced
Use this screen to set the upstream bandwidth and edit a
bandwidth management rule.
Remote
MGMT
WWW
Use this screen to configure through which interface(s)
and from which IP address(es) users can use HTTP to
manage the NBG-417N.
UPnP
General
Use this screen to enable UPnP on the NBG-417N.
General
Use this screen to view and change administrative settings
such as system and domain names, password and
inactivity timer.
Time
Setting
Use this screen to change your NBG-417N’s time and date.
Logs
View Log
Use this screen to view the logs for the categories that you
selected.
Tools
Firmware
Use this screen to upload firmware to your NBG-417N.
Maintenance
System
Configuratio Use this screen to backup and restore the configuration or
reset the factory defaults to your NBG-417N.
Sys OP
Mode
Language
Restart
This screen allows you to reboot the NBG-417N without
turning the power off.
General
This screen allows you to select whether your device acts
as a Router or a Access Point.
This screen allows you to select the language you prefer.
3.5.2 Summary: DHCP Table
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, RFC 2131 and RFC 2132) allows
individual clients to obtain TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a server. You can
configure the NBG-417N’s LAN as a DHCP server or disable it. When configured as
a server, the NBG-417N provides the TCP/IP configuration for the clients. If DHCP
service is disabled, you must have another DHCP server on that network, or else
the computer must be manually configured.
Click the DHCP Table (Details...) hyperlink in the Status screen. Read-only
information here relates to your DHCP status. The DHCP table shows current
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DHCP client information (including IP Address, Host Name and MAC Address)
of all network clients using the NBG-417N’s DHCP server.
Figure 6 Summary: DHCP Table
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 5 Summary: DHCP Table
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
This is the index number of the host computer.
IP Address
This field displays the IP address relative to the # field listed above.
Host Name
This field displays the computer host name.
MAC Address
This field shows the MAC address of the computer with the name in the
Host Name field.
Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC (Media Access Control) address
which uniquely identifies a device. The MAC address is assigned at the
factory and consists of six pairs of hexadecimal characters, for example,
00:A0:C5:00:00:02.
Refresh
Click Refresh to renew the screen.
3.5.3 Summary: Packet Statistics
Click the Packet Statistics (Details...) hyperlink in the Status screen. Readonly information here includes port status, packet specific statistics and the
"system up time". The Poll Interval(s) field is configurable and is used for
refreshing the screen.
Figure 7 Summary: Packet Statistics
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 6 Summary: Packet Statistics
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Port
This is the NBG-417N’s port type.
Status
For the LAN ports, this displays the port speed and duplex setting or
Down when the line is disconnected.
For the WAN port, it displays the port speed and duplex setting if
you’re using Ethernet encapsulation and Idle (line (ppp) idle), Dial
(starting to trigger a call) and Drop (dropping a call) if you're using
PPPoE or PPTP encapsulation. This field displays Down when the line
is disconnected.
For the WLAN, it displays the maximum transmission rate when the
WLAN is enabled and Down when the WLAN is disabled.
TxPkts
This is the number of transmitted packets on this port.
RxPkts
This is the number of received packets on this port.
Collisions
This is the number of collisions on this port.
Tx B/s
This displays the transmission speed in bytes per second on this port.
Rx B/s
This displays the reception speed in bytes per second on this port.
System Up Time
This is the total time the NBG-417N has been on.
Poll Interval(s)
Enter the time interval for refreshing statistics in this field.
Set Interval
Click this button to apply the new poll interval you entered in the Poll
Interval(s) field.
Stop
Click Stop to stop refreshing statistics.
3.5.4 Summary: WLAN Station Status
Click the WLAN Station Status (Details...) hyperlink in the Status screen. View
the wireless stations that are currently associated to the NBG-417N in the
Association List. Association means that a wireless client (for example, your
network or computer with a wireless network card) has connected successfully to
the AP (or wireless router) using the same SSID, channel and security settings.
Figure 8 Summary: Wireless Association List
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 7 Summary: Wireless Association List
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
This is the index number of an associated wireless station.
MAC Address
This field displays the MAC address of an associated wireless station.
Association Time
This field displays the time a wireless station first associated with the
NBG-417N’s WLAN network.
Refresh
Click Refresh to reload the list.
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38
NBG-417N User’s Guide
CHAPTER
Connection Wizard
This chapter provides information on the wizard setup screens in the Web
Configurator.
4.1 Wizard Setup
The Web Configurator’s wizard setup helps you configure your device to access the
Internet. Refer to your ISP (Internet Service Provider) checklist in the Quick Start
Guide to know what to enter in each field. Leave a field blank if you don’t have
that information.
After you access the NBG-417N Web Configurator, click the Go to Wizard setup
hyperlink.
You can click Go to Advanced setup hyperlink to skip this wizard setup and
configure basic or advanced features accordingly.
Figure 9 Select Wizard or Advanced Mode
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Chapter 4 Connection Wizard
Choose a language by clicking on the language’s button. The screen will update.
Click the Next button to proceed to the next screen.
Figure 10 Select a Language
Read the on-screen information and click Next.
Figure 11 Welcome to the Connection Wizard
4.2 Connection Wizard: STEP 1: System
Information
System Information contains administrative and system-related information.
4.2.1 System Name
System Name is for identification purposes. However, because some ISPs check
this name you should enter your computer's "Computer Name".
• In Windows 95/98 click Start, Settings, Control Panel, Network. Click the
Identification tab, note the entry for the Computer Name field and enter it as
the System Name.
• In Windows 2000, click Start, Settings and Control Panel and then doubleclick System. Click the Network Identification tab and then the Properties
button. Note the entry for the Computer name field and enter it as the
System Name.
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• In Windows XP, click Start, My Computer, View system information and
then click the Computer Name tab. Note the entry in the Full computer
name field and enter it as the NBG-417N System Name.
4.2.2 Domain Name
The Domain Name entry is what is propagated to the DHCP clients on the LAN. If
you leave this blank, the domain name obtained by DHCP from the ISP is used.
While you must enter the host name (System Name) on each individual computer,
the domain name can be assigned from the NBG-417N via DHCP.
Click Next to configure the NBG-417N for Internet access.
Figure 12 Wizard Step 1: System Information
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 8 Wizard Step 1: System Information
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
System
Name
System Name is a unique name to identify the NBG-417N in an Ethernet
network. Enter a descriptive name. This name can be up to 30
alphanumeric characters long. Spaces are not allowed, but dashes "-" and
underscores "_" are accepted.
Domain
Name
Type the domain name (if you know it) here. If you leave this field blank,
the ISP may assign a domain name via DHCP. The domain name entered
by you is given priority over the ISP assigned domain name.
Back
Click Back to display the previous screen.
Next
Click Next to proceed to the next screen.
Exit
Click Exit to close the wizard screen without saving.
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Chapter 4 Connection Wizard
4.3 Connection Wizard: STEP 2: Wireless LAN
Set up your wireless LAN using the following screen.
Figure 13 Wizard Step 2: Wireless LAN
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 9 Wizard Step 2: Wireless LAN
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Name
(SSID)
Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 printable 7-bit ASCII characters) for the
wireless LAN.
If you change this field on the NBG-417N, make sure all wireless stations
use the same SSID in order to access the network.
Security
Select a Security level from the drop-down list box.
Choose Auto (WPA2-PSK) to have the NBG-417N generate a pre-shared
key automatically. After you click Next a screen pops up displaying the
generated pre-shared key. Write down the key for use later when
connecting other wireless devices to your network. Click OK to continue.
Choose None to have no wireless LAN security configured. If you do not
enable any wireless security on your NBG-417N, your network is accessible
to any wireless networking device that is within range. If you choose this
option, skip directly to Section 4.4 on page 43.
Choose Extend (WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK) security to configure a PreShared Key. Choose this option only if your wireless clients support WPAPSK or WPA2-PSK respectively. If you choose this option, skip directly to
Section 4.3.1 on page 43.
42
Channel
Selection
The range of radio frequencies used by IEEE 802.11b/g/n wireless devices
is called a channel. The device will automatically select the channel with
the least interference.
Back
Click Back to display the previous screen.
Next
Click Next to proceed to the next screen.
Exit
Click Exit to close the wizard screen without saving.
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Note: The wireless stations and NBG-417N must use the same SSID, channel ID,
WPA-PSK (if WPA-PSK is enabled) or WPA2-PSK (if WPA2-PSK is enabled) for
wireless communication.
4.3.1 Extend (WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK) Security
Choose Extend (WPA-PSK) or Extend (WPA2-PSK) security in the Wireless
LAN setup screen to set up a Pre-Shared Key.
Figure 14 Wizard Step 2: Extend (WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK) Security
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 10 Wizard Step 2: Extend (WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK) Security
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Pre-Shared
Key
Type from 8 to 63 case-sensitive ASCII or HEX characters. You can set up
the most secure wireless connection by configuring WPA in the wireless
LAN screens. You need to configure an authentication server to do this.
Back
Click Back to display the previous screen.
Next
Click Next to proceed to the next screen.
Exit
Click Exit to close the wizard screen without saving.
4.4 Connection Wizard: STEP 3: Internet
Configuration
The NBG-417N offers three Internet connection types. They are Ethernet, PPP
over Ethernet or PPTP. The wizard attempts to detect which WAN connection
type you are using. If the wizard does not detect a connection type, you must
select one from the drop-down list box. Check with your ISP to make sure you use
the correct type.
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Chapter 4 Connection Wizard
This wizard screen varies according to the connection type that you select.
Figure 15 Wizard Step 3: ISP Parameters.
The following table describes the labels in this screen,
Table 11 Wizard Step 3: ISP Parameters
CONNECTION
TYPE
DESCRIPTION
Ethernet
Select the Ethernet option when the WAN port is used as a regular
Ethernet.
PPPoE
Select the PPP over Ethernet option for a dial-up connection. If
your ISP gave you an IP address and/or subnet mask, then select
PPTP.
PPTP
Select the PPTP option for a dial-up connection.
4.4.1 Ethernet Connection
Choose Ethernet when the WAN port is used as a regular Ethernet. Continue to
Section 4.4.4 on page 47.
Figure 16 Wizard Step 3: Ethernet Connection
4.4.2 PPPoE Connection
Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE) functions as a dial-up connection.
PPPoE is an IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) standard specifying how a host
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personal computer interacts with a broadband modem (for example DSL, cable,
wireless, etc.) to achieve access to high-speed data networks.
For the service provider, PPPoE offers an access and authentication method that
works with existing access control systems (for instance, RADIUS).
One of the benefits of PPPoE is the ability to let end users access one of multiple
network services, a function known as dynamic service selection. This enables the
service provider to easily create and offer new IP services for specific users.
Operationally, PPPoE saves significant effort for both the subscriber and the ISP/
carrier, as it requires no specific configuration of the broadband modem at the
subscriber’s site.
By implementing PPPoE directly on the NBG-417N (rather than individual
computers), the computers on the LAN do not need PPPoE software installed,
since the NBG-417N does that part of the task. Furthermore, with NAT, all of the
LAN's computers will have Internet access.
Refer to the appendix for more information on PPPoE.
Figure 17 Wizard Step 3: PPPoE Connection
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 12 Wizard Step 3: PPPoE Connection
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
ISP Parameter for Internet Access
Connection
Type
Select the PPP over Ethernet option for a dial-up connection.
Service Name
Type the name of your service provider.
User Name
Type the user name given to you by your ISP.
Password
Type the password associated with the user name above.
Back
Click Back to return to the previous screen.
Next
Click Next to continue.
Exit
Click Exit to close the wizard screen without saving.
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4.4.3 PPTP Connection
Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) is a network protocol that enables
transfers of data from a remote client to a private server, creating a Virtual Private
Network (VPN) using TCP/IP-based networks.
PPTP supports on-demand, multi-protocol, and virtual private networking over
public networks, such as the Internet.
Refer to the appendix for more information on PPTP.
Note: The NBG-417N supports one PPTP server connection at any given time.
Figure 18 Wizard Step 3: PPTP Connection
The following table describes the fields in this screen
Table 13 Wizard Step 3: PPTP Connection
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
ISP Parameters for Internet Access
Connection Type
Select PPTP from the drop-down list box. To configure a PPTP client,
you must configure the User Name and Password fields for a PPP
connection and the PPTP parameters for a PPTP connection.
User Name
Type the user name given to you by your ISP.
Password
Type the password associated with the User Name above.
PPTP Configuration
Server IP
Address
46
Type the IP address of the PPTP server.
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Table 13 Wizard Step 3: PPTP Connection
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Connection ID/
Name
Enter the connection ID or connection name in this field. It must follow
the "c:id" and "n:name" format. For example, C:12 or N:My ISP.
This field is optional and depends on the requirements of your ISP.
Get
automatically
from ISP
Select this radio button if your ISP did not assign you a fixed IP
address.
Use fixed IP
address
Select this radio button, provided by your ISP to give the NBG-417N a
fixed, unique IP address.
My IP
Address
Type the (static) IP address assigned to you by your ISP.
My IP Subnet
Mask
Type the subnet mask assigned to you by your ISP (if given).
Back
Click Back to return to the previous screen.
Next
Click Next to continue.
Exit
Click Exit to close the wizard screen without saving.
4.4.4 Your IP Address
The following wizard screen allows you to assign a fixed IP address or give the
NBG-417N an automatically assigned IP address depending on your ISP.
Figure 19 Wizard Step 3: Your IP Address
The following table describes the labels in this screen
Table 14 Wizard Step 3: Your IP Address
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Get automatically from
your ISP
Select this option If your ISP did not assign you a fixed IP
address. This is the default selection. If you choose this option,
skip directly to Section 4.4.9 on page 51.
Use fixed IP address
provided by your ISP
Select this option if you were given IP address and/or DNS server
settings by the ISP. The fixed IP address should be in the same
subnet as your broadband modem or router.
Back
Click Back to return to the previous screen.
Next
Click Next to continue.
Exit
Click Exit to close the wizard screen without saving.
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Chapter 4 Connection Wizard
4.4.5 WAN IP Address Assignment
Every computer on the Internet must have a unique IP address. If your networks
are isolated from the Internet, for instance, only between your two branch offices,
you can assign any IP addresses to the hosts without problems. However, the
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) has reserved the following three
blocks of IP addresses specifically for private networks.
Table 15 Private IP Address Ranges
10.0.0.0
10.255.255.255
172.16.0.0
172.31.255.255
192.168.0.0
192.168.255.255
You can obtain your IP address from the IANA, from an ISP or have it assigned by
a private network. If you belong to a small organization and your Internet access
is through an ISP, the ISP can provide you with the Internet addresses for your
local networks. On the other hand, if you are part of a much larger organization,
you should consult your network administrator for the appropriate IP addresses.
Note: Regardless of your particular situation, do not create an arbitrary IP address;
always follow the guidelines above. For more information on address
assignment, please refer to RFC 1597, Address Allocation for Private Internets
and RFC 1466, Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space.
4.4.6 IP Address and Subnet Mask
Similar to the way houses on a street share a common street name, so too do
computers on a LAN share one common network number.
Where you obtain your network number depends on your particular situation. If
the ISP or your network administrator assigns you a block of registered IP
addresses, follow their instructions in selecting the IP addresses and the subnet
mask.
If the ISP did not explicitly give you an IP network number, then most likely you
have a single user account and the ISP will assign you a dynamic IP address when
the connection is established. The Internet Assigned Number Authority (IANA)
reserved this block of addresses specifically for private use; please do not use any
other number unless you are told otherwise. Let's say you select 192.168.1.0 as
the network number; which covers 254 individual addresses, from 192.168.1.1 to
192.168.1.254 (zero and 255 are reserved). In other words, the first three
numbers specify the network number while the last number identifies an individual
computer on that network.
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Once you have decided on the network number, pick an IP address that is easy to
remember, for instance, 192.168.1.1, for your NBG-417N, but make sure that no
other device on your network is using that IP address.
The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your
NBG-417N will compute the subnet mask automatically based on the IP address
that you entered. You don't need to change the subnet mask computed by the
NBG-417N unless you are instructed to do otherwise.
4.4.7 DNS Server Address Assignment
Use DNS (Domain Name System) to map a domain name to its corresponding IP
address and vice versa, for instance, the IP address of www.zyxel.com is
204.217.0.2. The DNS server is extremely important because without it, you must
know the IP address of a computer before you can access it.
The NBG-417N can get the DNS server addresses in the following ways.
The ISP tells you the DNS server addresses, usually in the form of an information
sheet, when you sign up. If your ISP gives you DNS server addresses, enter them
in the DNS Server fields in the Wizard and/or WAN > Internet Connection
screen.
If the ISP did not give you DNS server information, leave the DNS Server fields
set to 0.0.0.0 in the Wizard screen and/or set to From ISP in the WAN >
Internet Connection screen for the ISP to dynamically assign the DNS server IP
addresses.
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4.4.8 WAN IP and DNS Server Address Assignment
The following wizard screen allows you to assign a fixed WAN IP address and DNS
server addresses.
Figure 20 Wizard Step 3: WAN IP and DNS Server Addresses
The following table describes the labels in this screen
Table 16 Wizard Step 3: WAN IP and DNS Server Addresses
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
WAN IP Address Assignment
My WAN IP Address
Enter your WAN IP address in this field. The WAN IP address
should be in the same subnet as your DSL/Cable modem or
router.
My WAN IP Subnet
Mask
Enter the IP subnet mask in this field.
Gateway IP Address
Enter the gateway IP address in this field.
System DNS Server Address Assignment (if applicable)
DNS (Domain Name System) is for mapping a domain name to its corresponding IP
address and vice versa. The DNS server is extremely important because without it, you
must know the IP address of a computer before you can access it. The NBG-417N uses a
system DNS server (in the order you specify here) to resolve domain names for DDNS and
the time server.
50
First DNS Server
Enter the DNS server's IP address in the fields provided.
Second DNS Server
If you do not configure a system DNS server, you must use IP
addresses when configuring DDNS and the time server.
Back
Click Back to return to the previous screen.
Next
Click Next to continue.
Exit
Click Exit to close the wizard screen without saving.
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4.4.9 WAN MAC Address
Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC (Media Access Control) address. The MAC
address is assigned at the factory and consists of six pairs of hexadecimal
characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02.
Table 17 Example of Network Properties for LAN Servers with Fixed IP Addresses
Choose an IP address
192.168.1.2-192.168.1.32; 192.168.1.65-192.168.1.254.
Subnet mask
255.255.255.0
Gateway (or default route)
192.168.1.1(NBG-417N LAN IP)
This screen allows users to configure the WAN port's MAC address by either using
the NBG-417N’s MAC address, copying the MAC address from a computer on your
LAN or manually entering a MAC address. Once it is successfully configured, the
address will be copied to configuration file. It is advisable to clone the MAC
address from a computer on your LAN even if your ISP does not presently require
MAC address authentication.
Figure 21 Wizard Step 3: WAN MAC Address
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 18 Wizard Step 3: WAN MAC Address
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Factory Default
Select Factory Default to use the factory assigned default MAC
address.
Clone the
computer’s MAC
address
Select this option and enter the IP address of the computer on the
LAN whose MAC you are cloning. It is advisable to clone the MAC
address from a computer on your LAN even if your ISP does not
presently require MAC address authentication.
Set WAN MAC
Address
Select this option and enter the MAC address you want to use.
Back
Click Back to return to the previous screen.
Next
Click Next to continue.
Exit
Click Exit to close the wizard screen without saving.
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Chapter 4 Connection Wizard
4.5 Connection Wizard Complete
Click Finish to complete the wizard setup.
Figure 22 Connection Wizard Complete
Well done! You have successfully set up your NBG-417N to operate on your
network and access the Internet.
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CHAPTER
AP Mode
This chapter discusses how to configure settings while your NBG-417N is set to AP
Mode. Many screens that are available in Router Mode are not available in AP
Mode.
Note: See Chapter 6 on page 61 for an example of setting up a wireless network in
AP mode.
5.1 AP Mode Overview
Use your NBG-417N as an AP if you already have a router or gateway on your
network. In this mode your device bridges a wired network (LAN) and wireless
LAN (WLAN) in the same subnet. See the figure below for an example.
Figure 23 Wireless Internet Access in AP Mode
5.2 Setting your NBG-417N to AP Mode
Log into the Web Configurator if you haven’t already. See the Quick start Guide for
instructions on how to do this.
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Chapter 5 AP Mode
To set your NBG-417N to AP Mode, go to Maintenance > Sys OP Mode >
General and select Access Point.
Figure 24 Maintenance > Sys OP Mode > General
A pop-up appears providing information on this mode. Click OK in the pop-up
message window. (See Section 22.4 on page 191 for more information on the
pop-up.) Click Apply. Your NBG-417N is now in AP Mode.
Note: You have to log in to the Web Configurator again when you change modes.
5.3 The Status Screen in AP Mode
Click on Status. The screen below shows the status screen in AP Mode.
Figure 25 Status: AP Mode
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The following table describes the labels shown in the Status screen.
Table 19 Web Configurator Status Screen
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Device Information
System Name
This is the System Name you enter in the Maintenance > System >
General screen. It is for identification purposes.
Firmware Version
This is the firmware version and the date created.
LAN Information
- MAC Address
This shows the LAN Ethernet adapter MAC Address of your device.
- IP Address
This shows the LAN port’s IP address.
- IP Subnet Mask
This shows the LAN port’s subnet mask.
- DHCP
This shows the LAN port’s DHCP role - None.
WLAN Information
- MAC Address
This shows the wireless adapter MAC Address of your device.
- Status
This shows the current status of the Wireless LAN - On, Off or Off by
scheduler.
- Name (SSID)
This shows a descriptive name used to identify the NBG-417N in the
wireless LAN.
- Channel
This shows the channel number which you select manually.
- Operating Channel
This shows the channel number which the NBG-417N is currently using
over the wireless LAN.
- Security Mode
This shows the level of wireless security the NBG-417N is using.
- 802.11 Mode
This shows the IEEE 802.11 standard that the NBG-417N supports.
Wireless clients must support the same standard in order to be able to
connect to the NBG-417N
- WPS
This shows the WPS (WiFi Protected Setup) Status. Click the status to
display Network > Wireless LAN > WPS screen.
System Status
System Uptime
This is the total time the NBG-417N has been on.
Current Date/Time
This field displays your NBG-417N’s present date and time.
System Resource
- CPU Usage
This displays what percentage of the NBG-417N’s processing ability is
currently used. When this percentage is close to 100%, the NBG-417N is
running at full load, and the throughput is not going to improve anymore.
If you want some applications to have more throughput, you should turn
off other applications (for example, using bandwidth management).
- Memory Usage
This shows what percentage of the heap memory the NBG-417N is using.
Heap memory refers to the memory that is not used by ZyNOS (ZyXEL
Network Operating System) and is thus available for running processes
like NAT and the firewall.
Interface Status
Interface
NBG-417N User’s Guide
This displays the NBG-417N port types. The port types are: LAN and
WLAN.
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Chapter 5 AP Mode
Table 19 Web Configurator Status Screen (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Status
For the LAN port, this field displays Down (line is down) or Up (line is up
or connected).
For the WLAN, it displays Up when the WLAN is enabled or Down when
the WLAN is disabled.
Rate
For the LAN ports, this displays the port speed and duplex setting or N/A
when the line is disconnected.
For the WLAN, it displays the maximum transmission rate when the WLAN
is enabled and N/A when the WLAN is disabled.
Summary
Packet Statistics
Use this screen to view port status and packet specific statistics.
WLAN Station Status
Use this screen to view the wireless stations that are currently associated
to the NBG-417N.
5.3.1 Navigation Panel
Use the menu in the navigation panel to configure NBG-417N features in AP
Mode.
The following screen and table show the features you can configure in AP Mode.
Figure 26 Menu: AP Mode
The following table describes the sub-menus.
Table 20 Screens Summary
LINK
Status
TAB
FUNCTION
This screen shows the NBG-417N’s general device, system
and interface status information. Use this screen to access
the wizard, and summary statistics tables.
Network
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Table 20 Screens Summary
LINK
TAB
FUNCTION
General
Use this screen to configure wireless LAN.
MAC Filter
Use the MAC filter screen to configure the NBG-417N to
block access to devices or block the devices from
accessing the NBG-417N.
Advanced
This screen allows you to configure advanced wireless
settings.
QoS
Use this screen to configure Wi-Fi Multimedia Quality of
Service (WMM QoS). WMM QoS allows you to prioritize
wireless traffic according to the delivery requirements of
individual services.
WPS
Use this screen to configure WPS.
WPS
Station
Use this screen to add a wireless station using WPS.
Scheduling
Use this screen to schedule the times the Wireless LAN is
enabled.
IP
Use this screen to configure LAN IP address and subnet
mask or to get the LAN IP address from a DHCP server.
General
Use this screen to view and change administrative settings
such as system and domain names, password and
inactivity timer.
Time
Setting
Use this screen to change your NBG-417N’s time and date.
Logs
View Log
Use this screen to view the logs for the categories that you
selected.
Tools
Firmware
Use this screen to upload firmware to your NBG-417N.
Wireless
LAN
LAN
Maintenance
System
Configuratio Use this screen to backup and restore the configuration or
reset the factory defaults to your NBG-417N.
Sys OP
Mode
Restart
This screen allows you to reboot the NBG-417N without
turning the power off.
General
This screen allows you to select whether your device acts
as a Router or a Access Point.
Language
This screen allows you to select the language you prefer.
5.4 Configuring Your Settings
5.4.1 LAN Settings
Use this section to configure your LAN settings while in AP Mode.
Click Network > LAN to see the screen below.
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Note: If you change the IP address of the NBG-417N in the screen below, you will
need to log into the NBG-417N again using the new IP address.
Figure 27 Network > LAN > IP
The table below describes the labels in the screen.
Table 21 Network > LAN > IP
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
IP Address
Type the IP address in dotted decimal notation. The default setting is
192.168.1.2. If you change the IP address you will have to log in again
with the new IP address.
IP Subnet
Mask
The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address.
Your NBG-417N will automatically calculate the subnet mask based on the
IP address that you assign. Unless you are implementing subnetting, use
the subnet mask computed by the NBG-417N.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes to the NBG-417N.
Reset
Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen.
5.4.2 WLAN and Maintenance Settings
The configuration of wireless and maintenance settings in AP Mode is the same as
for Router Mode.
• See Chapter 5 on page 69 for information on the configuring your wireless
network.
• See Maintenance and Troubleshooting (173) for information on the configuring
your Maintenance settings.
5.5 Logging in to the Web Configurator in AP
Mode
58
Connect your computer to the LAN port of the NBG-417N.
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Chapter 5 AP Mode
The default IP address of the NBG-417N is “192.168.1.2”. In this case, your
computer must have an IP address in the range between “192.168.1.3” and
“192.168.1.254”.
Click Start > Run on your computer in Windows.
Type “cmd” in the dialog box.
Type “ipconfig” to show your computer’s IP address. If your computer’s IP address
is not in the correct range then see Appendix D on page 227 for information on
changing your computer’s IP address.
After you’ve set your computer’s IP address, open a web browser such as Internet
Explorer and type “192.168.1.2” as the web address in your web browser.
See Chapter 6 on page 61 for a tutorial on setting up a network with an AP.
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CHAPTER
Tutorials
This chapter provides tutorials on wireless configurations your NBG-417N.
6.1 How to Connect to the Internet from an AP
This section gives you an example of how to set up an access point (AP) and
wireless client (a notebook (B), in this example) for wireless communication. B
can access the Internet through the AP wirelessly.
Figure 28 Wireless AP Connection to the Internet
Internet
AP
6.2 Configure Wireless Security Using WPS on
both your NBG-417N and Wireless Client
This section gives you an example of how to set up wireless network using WPS.
This example uses the NBG-417N as the AP and NWD210N as the wireless client
which connects to a notebook.
Note: The wireless client must be a WPS-aware device (for example, a WPS USB
adapter or PCI card).
There are two WPS methods for creating a secure connection. This tutorial shows
you how to do both.
• Push Button Configuration (PBC) - create a secure wireless network simply
by pressing a button. See Section 6.2.1 on page 62.This is the easier method.
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• PIN Configuration - create a secure wireless network simply by entering a
wireless client's PIN (Personal Identification Number) in the NBG-417N’s
interface. See Section 6.2.2 on page 63. This is the more secure method, since
one device can authenticate the other.
6.2.1 Push Button Configuration (PBC)
Make sure that your NBG-417N is turned on and that it is within range of your
computer.
Make sure that you have installed the wireless client (this example uses the
NWD210N) driver and utility in your notebook.
In the wireless client utility, find the WPS settings. Enable WPS and press the WPS
button (Start or WPS button)
Log into NBG-417N’s Web Configurator and press the Push Button button in the
Network > Wireless Client > WPS Station screen.
Note: Your NBG-417N has a WPS button located on its panel, as well as a WPS
button in its configuration utility. Both buttons have exactly the same function;
you can use one or the other.
Note: It doesn’t matter which button is pressed first. You must press the second
button within two minutes of pressing the first one.
The NBG-417N sends the proper configuration settings to the wireless client. This
may take up to two minutes. Then the wireless client is able to communicate with
the NBG-417N securely.
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The following figure shows you an example to set up wireless network and security
by pressing a button on both NBG-417N and wireless client (the NWD210N in this
example).
Figure 29 Example WPS Process: PBC Method
Wireless Client
NBG-417N
WITHIN 2 MINUTES
SECURITY INFO
COMMUNICATION
6.2.2 PIN Configuration
When you use the PIN configuration method, you need to use both NBG-417N’s
configuration interface and the client’s utilities.
Launch your wireless client’s configuration utility. Go to the WPS settings and
select the PIN method to get a PIN number.
Enter the PIN number to the PIN field in the Network > Wireless LAN > WPS
Station screen on the NBG-417N.
Click Start buttons (or button next to the PIN field) on both the wireless client
utility screen and the NBG-417N’s WPS Station screen within two minutes.
The NBG-417N authenticates the wireless client and sends the proper
configuration settings to the wireless client. This may take up to two minutes.
Then the wireless client is able to communicate with the NBG-417N securely.
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Chapter 6 Tutorials
The following figure shows you the example to set up wireless network and
security on NBG-417N and wireless client (ex. NWD210N in this example) by using
PIN method.
Figure 30 Example WPS Process: PIN Method
NBG-417N
Wireless Client
WITHIN 2 MINUTES
Authentication by PIN
SECURITY INFO
COMMUNICATION
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6.3 Enable and Configure Wireless Security
without WPS on your NBG-417N
This example shows you how to configure wireless security settings with the
following parameters on your NBG-417N.
SSID
SSID_Example3
Channel
Security
WPA-PSK
(Pre-Shared Key: ThisismyWPA-PSKpre-sharedkey)
Follow the steps below to configure the wireless settings on your NBG-417N.
The instructions require that your hardware is connected (see the Quick Start
Guide) and you are logged into the Web Configurator through your LAN connection
(see Section 3.2 on page 27).
Open the Wireless LAN > General screen in the AP’s Web Configurator.
Make sure the Enable Wireless LAN check box is selected.
Enter SSID_Example3 as the SSID and select a channel.
Set security mode to WPA-PSK and enter ThisismyWPA-PSKpre-sharedkey in
the Pre-Shared Key field. Click Apply.
Figure 31 Tutorial: Network > Wireless LAN > General
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Chapter 6 Tutorials
Open the Status screen. Verify your wireless and wireless security settings under
Device Information and check if the WLAN connection is up under Interface
Status.
Figure 32 Tutorial: Status: AP Mode
6.4 Configure Your Notebook
Note: We use the ZyXEL M-302 wireless adapter utility screens as an example for the
wireless client. The screens may vary for different models.
66
The NBG-417N supports IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g and IEEE 802.11n wireless
clients. Make sure that your notebook or computer’s wireless adapter supports
one of these standards.
Wireless adapters come with software sometimes called a “utility” that you install
on your computer. See your wireless adapter’s User’s Guide for information on
how to do that.
After you’ve installed the utility, open it. If you cannot see your utility’s icon on
your screen, go to Start > Programs and click on your utility in the list of
programs that appears. The utility displays a list of APs within range, as shown in
the example screen below.
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Select SSID_Example3 and click Connect.
Figure 33 Connecting a Wireless Client to a Wireless Network t
Select WPA-PSK and type the security key in the following screen. Click Next.
Figure 34 Security Settings
The Confirm Save window appears. Check your settings and click Save to
continue.
Figure 35 Confirm Save
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Check the status of your wireless connection in the screen below. If your wireless
connection is weak or you have no connection, see the Troubleshooting section of
this User’s Guide.
Figure 36 Link Status
If your connection is successful, open your Internet browser and enter http://
www.zyxel.com or the URL of any other web site in the address bar. If you are able
to access the web site, your wireless connection is successfully configured.
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P ART II
Network
Wireless LAN (71)
WAN (91)
LAN (103)
DHCP Server (107)
Network Address Translation (NAT) (113)
Dynamic DNS (123)
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CHAPTER
Wireless LAN
7.1 Overview
This chapter discusses how to configure the wireless network settings in your
NBG-417N. See the appendices for more detailed information about wireless
networks.
The following figure provides an example of a wireless network.
Figure 37 Example of a Wireless Network
AP
The wireless network is the part in the blue circle. In this wireless network,
devices A and B are called wireless clients. The wireless clients use the access
point (AP) to interact with other devices (such as the printer) or with the Internet.
Your NBG-417N is the AP.
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7.2 What You Can Do In the Wireless LAN Screen
• Use the General screen (Section 7.4 on page 75) to enable the Wireless LAN,
enter the SSID and select the wireless security mode.
• Use the MAC Filter screen (Section 7.5 on page 80) to allow or deny wireless
stations based on their MAC addresses from connecting to the NBG-417N.
• Use the Advanced screen (Section 7.6 on page 82) to allow intra-BSS
networking and set the RTS/CTS Threshold.
• Use the QoS screen (Section 7.7 on page 83) to set priority levels to services,
such as e-mail, VoIP, chat, and so on.
• Use the WPS screen (Section 7.8 on page 87) to quickly set up a wireless
network with strong security, without having to configure security settings
manually.
• Use the WPS Station screen (Section 7.9 on page 88) to add a wireless station
using WPS.
• Use the Scheduling screen (Section 7.10 on page 88) to set the times your
wireless LAN is turned on and off.
7.3 What You Should Know About Wireless LAN
Every wireless network must follow these basic guidelines.
• Every wireless client in the same wireless network must use the same SSID.
The SSID is the name of the wireless network. It stands for Service Set IDentity.
• If two wireless networks overlap, they should use different channels.
Like radio stations or television channels, each wireless network uses a specific
channel, or frequency, to send and receive information.
• Every wireless client in the same wireless network must use security compatible
with the AP.
Security stops unauthorized devices from using the wireless network. It can also
protect the information that is sent in the wireless network.
7.3.1 Wireless Security Overview
The following sections introduce different types of wireless security you can set up
in the wireless network.
7.3.1.1 SSID
Normally, the AP acts like a beacon and regularly broadcasts the SSID in the area.
You can hide the SSID instead, in which case the AP does not broadcast the SSID.
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In addition, you should change the default SSID to something that is difficult to
guess.
This type of security is fairly weak, however, because there are ways for
unauthorized devices to get the SSID. In addition, unauthorized devices can still
see the information that is sent in the wireless network.
7.3.1.2 MAC Address Filter
Every wireless client has a unique identification number, called a MAC address.1 A
MAC address is usually written using twelve hexadecimal characters2; for
example, 00A0C5000002 or 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. To get the MAC address for each
wireless client, see the appropriate User’s Guide or other documentation.
You can use the MAC address filter to tell the AP which wireless clients are allowed
or not allowed to use the wireless network. If a wireless client is allowed to use the
wireless network, it still has to have the correct settings (SSID, channel, and
security). If a wireless client is not allowed to use the wireless network, it does not
matter if it has the correct settings.
This type of security does not protect the information that is sent in the wireless
network. Furthermore, there are ways for unauthorized devices to get the MAC
address of an authorized wireless client. Then, they can use that MAC address to
use the wireless network.
7.3.1.3 User Authentication
You can make every user log in to the wireless network before they can use it.
This is called user authentication. However, every wireless client in the wireless
network has to support IEEE 802.1x to do this.
For wireless networks, there are two typical places to store the user names and
passwords for each user.
• In the AP: this feature is called a local user database or a local database.
• In a RADIUS server: this is a server used in businesses more than in homes.
If your AP does not provide a local user database and if you do not have a RADIUS
server, you cannot set up user names and passwords for your users.
Unauthorized devices can still see the information that is sent in the wireless
network, even if they cannot use the wireless network. Furthermore, there are
ways for unauthorized wireless users to get a valid user name and password.
Then, they can use that user name and password to use the wireless network.
1.
Some wireless devices, such as scanners, can detect wireless networks but cannot use wireless networks.
These kinds of wireless devices might not have MAC addresses.
2.
Hexadecimal characters are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, and F.
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Local user databases also have an additional limitation that is explained in the
next section.
7.3.1.4 Encryption
Wireless networks can use encryption to protect the information that is sent in the
wireless network. Encryption is like a secret code. If you do not know the secret
code, you cannot understand the message.
The types of encryption you can choose depend on the type of user
authentication. (See Section 7.3.1.3 on page 73 for information about this.)
Table 22 Types of Encryption for Each Type of Authentication
NO AUTHENTICATION RADIUS SERVER
Weakest
No Security
WPA
Static WEP
WPA-PSK
Stronges
WPA2-PSK
WPA2
For example, if the wireless network has a RADIUS server, you can choose WPA
or WPA2. If users do not log in to the wireless network, you can choose no
encryption, Static WEP, WPA-PSK, or WPA2-PSK.
Usually, you should set up the strongest encryption that every wireless client in
the wireless network supports. For example, suppose the AP does not have a local
user database, and you do not have a RADIUS server. Therefore, there is no user
authentication. Suppose the wireless network has two wireless clients. Device A
only supports WEP, and device B supports WEP and WPA. Therefore, you should
set up Static WEP in the wireless network.
Note: It is recommended that wireless networks use WPA-PSK, WPA, or stronger
encryption. IEEE 802.1x and WEP encryption are better than none at all, but it
is still possible for unauthorized devices to figure out the original information
pretty quickly.
Note: It is not possible to use WPA-PSK, WPA or stronger encryption with a local user
database. In this case, it is better to set up stronger encryption with no
authentication than to set up weaker encryption with the local user database.
When you select WPA2 or WPA2-PSK in your NBG-417N, you can also select an
option (WPA Compatible) to support WPA as well. In this case, if some wireless
clients support WPA and some support WPA2, you should set up WPA2-PSK or
WPA2 (depending on the type of wireless network login) and select the WPA
Compatible option in the NBG-417N.
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Many types of encryption use a key to protect the information in the wireless
network. The longer the key, the stronger the encryption. Every wireless client in
the wireless network must have the same key.
7.3.1.5 WPS
WiFi Protected Setup (WPS) is an industry standard specification, defined by the
WiFi Alliance. WPS allows you to quickly set up a wireless network with strong
security, without having to configure security settings manually. Depending on the
devices in your network, you can either press a button (on the device itself, or in
its configuration utility) or enter a PIN (Personal Identification Number) in the
devices. Then, they connect and set up a secure network by themselves. See how
to set up a secure wireless network using WPS in the Section 6.2 on page 61.
7.4 General Wireless LAN Screen
Use this screen to enable the Wireless LAN, enter the SSID and select the wireless
security mode.
Note: If you are configuring the NBG-417N from a computer connected to the wireless
LAN and you change the NBG-417N’s SSID, channel or security settings, you
will lose your wireless connection when you press Apply to confirm. You must
then change the wireless settings of your computer to match the NBG-417N’s
new settings.
Click Network > Wireless LAN to open the General screen.
Figure 38 Network > Wireless LAN > General
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The following table describes the general wireless LAN labels in this screen.
Table 23 Network > Wireless LAN > General
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Enable
Wireless LAN
Click the check box to activate wireless LAN.
Name(SSID)
(Service Set IDentity) The SSID identifies the Service Set with which a
wireless station is associated. Wireless stations associating to the access
point (AP) must have the same SSID. Enter a descriptive name (up to 32
printable 7-bit ASCII characters) for the wireless LAN.
Hide SSID
Select this check box to hide the SSID in the outgoing beacon frame so a
station cannot obtain the SSID through scanning using a site survey tool.
Channel
Selection
Set the operating frequency/channel depending on your particular region.
Select a channel from the drop-down list box. The options vary depending
on the frequency band and the country you are in.
Refer to the Connection Wizard chapter for more information on channels.
This option is only available if Auto Channel Selection is disabled.
Auto Channel
Selection
Select this check box for the NBG-417N to automatically choose the
channel with the least interference. Deselect this check box if you wish to
manually select the channel using the Channel Section field.
Operating
Channel
This displays the channel the NBG-417N is currently using.
Channel
Width
Select whether the NBG-417N uses a wireless channel width of 20 or 40
MHz. A standard 20 MHz channel offers transfer speeds of up to 150Mbps
whereas a 40MHz channel uses two standard channels and offers speeds
of up to 300 Mbps. Because not all devices support 40 MHz channels,
select Auto 20/40MHz to allow the NBG-417N to adjust the channel
bandwidth automatically.
Security
Mode
Select WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK to add security on this wireless
network. The wireless clients which want to associate to this network
must have same wireless security settings as this device. After you select
to use a security, additional options appears in this screen. See 7.4.2 and
7.4.3 sections. Or you can select No Security to allow any client to
associate this network without authentication.
Note: If you enable the WPS function, only No Security, WPA-PSK
and WPA2-PSK are available in this field.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-417N.
Reset
Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen.
See the rest of this chapter for information on the other labels in this screen.
7.4.1 No Security
Select No Security to allow wireless stations to communicate with the access
points without any data encryption.
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Note: If you do not enable any wireless security on your NBG-417N, your network is
accessible to any wireless networking device that is within range.
Figure 39 Network > Wireless LAN > General: No Security
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 24 Wireless No Security
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Security
Mode
Choose No Security from the drop-down list box.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-417N.
Reset
Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen.
7.4.2 WEP Encryption
WEP encryption scrambles the data transmitted between the wireless stations and
the access points to keep network communications private. It encrypts unicast
and multicast communications in a network. Both the wireless stations and the
access points must use the same WEP key.
Your NBG-417N allows you to configure up to four 64-bit or 128-bit WEP keys but
only one key can be enabled at any one time.
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In order to configure and enable WEP encryption; click Network > Wireless LAN
to display the General screen. Select Static WEP from the Security Mode list.
Figure 40 Network > Wireless LAN > General: Static WEP
The following table describes the wireless LAN security labels in this screen.
Table 25 Network > Wireless LAN > General: Static WEP
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
WEP
Encryption
Select 64-bit WEP or 128-bit WEP to enable data encryption.
Authenticatio
n Method
This field is activated when you select 64-bit WEP or 128-bit WEP in the
WEP Encryption field.
Select Auto, Open System or Shared Key from the drop-down list box.
This field specifies whether the wireless clients have to provide the WEP
key to login to the wireless client. Keep this setting at Auto or Open
System unless you want to force a key verification before communication
between the wireless client and the ZyXEL Device occurs. Select Shared
Key to force the clients to provide the WEP key prior to communication.
ASCII
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Select this option in order to enter ASCII characters as WEP key.
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Table 25 Network > Wireless LAN > General: Static WEP
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Hex
Select this option in order to enter hexadecimal characters as a WEP key.
The preceding "0x", that identifies a hexadecimal key, is entered
automatically.
Key 1 to Key
The WEP keys are used to encrypt data. Both the NBG-417N and the
wireless stations must use the same WEP key for data transmission.
If you chose 64-bit WEP, then enter any 5 ASCII characters or 10
hexadecimal characters ("0-9", "A-F").
If you chose 128-bit WEP, then enter 13 ASCII characters or 26
hexadecimal characters ("0-9", "A-F").
You must configure at least one key, only one key can be activated at any
one time. The default key is key 1.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-417N.
Reset
Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen.
7.4.3 WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK
Click Network > Wireless LAN to display the General screen. Select WPA-PSK
or WPA2-PSK from the Security Mode list.
Figure 41 Network > Wireless LAN > General: WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 26 Network > Wireless LAN > General: WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
WPA
Compatible
This check box is available only when you select WPA2-PSK in the
Security Mode field.
Select the check box to have both WPA2 and WPA wireless clients be
able to communicate with the NBG-417N even when the NBG-417N is
using WPA2-PSK.
Pre-Shared Key
WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK uses a simple common password for
authentication.
Type a pre-shared key from 8 to 63 case-sensitive ASCII characters
(including spaces and symbols).
Type a pre-shared key less than 64 case-sensitive HEX characters ("09", "A-F").
Group Key
Update Timer
The Group Key Update Timer is the rate at which the AP (if using
WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK key management) or RADIUS server (if using
WPA/WPA2 key management) sends a new group key out to all
clients. The re-keying process is the WPA/WPA2 equivalent of
automatically changing the WEP key for an AP and all stations in a
WLAN on a periodic basis. Setting of the Group Key Update Timer is
also supported in WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK mode. The default is 1800
seconds (30 minutes).
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-417N.
Reset
Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen.
7.5 MAC Filter
The MAC filter screen allows you to configure the NBG-417N to give exclusive
access to up to 16 devices (Allow) or exclude up to 16 devices from accessing the
NBG-417N (Deny). Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC (Media Access
Control) address. The MAC address is assigned at the factory and consists of six
pairs of hexadecimal characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. You need to
know the MAC address of the devices to configure this screen.
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To change your NBG-417N’s MAC filter settings, click Network > Wireless LAN >
MAC Filter. The screen appears as shown.
Figure 42 Network > Wireless LAN > MAC Filter
The following table describes the labels in this menu.
Table 27 Network > Wireless LAN > MAC Filter
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Active
Select Yes from the drop down list box to enable MAC address filtering.
Filter Action
Define the filter action for the list of MAC addresses in the MAC Address
table.
Select Deny to block access to the NBG-417N, MAC addresses not listed will
be allowed to access the NBG-417N
Select Allow to permit access to the NBG-417N, MAC addresses not listed
will be denied access to the NBG-417N.
Set
This is the index number of the MAC address.
MAC
Address
Enter the MAC addresses of the wireless station that are allowed or denied
access to the NBG-417N in these address fields. Enter the MAC addresses in
a valid MAC address format, that is, six hexadecimal character pairs, for
example, 12:34:56:78:9a:bc.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-417N.
Reset
Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen.
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7.6 Wireless LAN Advanced Screen
Click Network > Wireless LAN > Advanced. The screen appears as shown.
Figure 43 Network > Wireless LAN > Advanced
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 28 Network > Wireless LAN > Advanced
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Wireless Advanced Setup
RTS/CTS
Threshold
Data with its frame size larger than this value will perform the RTS
(Request To Send)/CTS (Clear To Send) handshake.
Enter a value between 0 and 2432.
Fragmentatio
n Threshold
The threshold (number of bytes) for the fragmentation boundary for
directed messages. It is the maximum data fragment size that can be
sent. Enter an even number between 256 and 2346.
This field is not available when Super Mode is selected.
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Beacon
Interval
When a wirelessly networked device sends a beacon, it includes with it a
beacon interval. This specifies the time period before the device sends the
beacon again. The interval tells receiving devices on the network how long
they can wait in low-power mode before waking up to handle the beacon.
This value can be set from 20ms to 1000ms. A high value helps save
current consumption of the access point.
DTIM
Delivery Traffic Indication Message (DTIM) is the time period after which
broadcast and multicast packets are transmitted to mobile clients in the
Active Power Management mode. A high DTIM value can cause clients to
lose connectivity with the network. This value can be set from 1 to 100.
Preamble
A preamble affects the timing in your wireless network. There are two
preamble modes: long and short. If a device uses a different preamble
mode than the NBG-417N does, it cannot communicate with the NBG417N.
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Table 28 Network > Wireless LAN > Advanced
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
CTS
Protection
When set to None, the NBG-417N protects wireless communication
against interference.
When set to Always, the NBG-417N improves performance within mixed
wireless modes.
Select Auto to let the NBG-417N determine whether to turn this feature
on or off in the current environment.
Tx Power
This field controls the transmission power of the NBG-417N. When using
the NBG-417N with a notebook computer, select a lower transmission
power level when you are close to the AP in order to conserve battery
power.
Enable IntraBSS Traffic
A Basic Service Set (BSS) exists when all communications between
wireless clients or between a wireless client and a wired network client go
through one access point (AP).
Intra-BSS traffic is traffic between wireless clients in the BSS. When IntraBSS is enabled, wireless client A and B can access the wired network and
communicate with each other. When Intra-BSS is disabled, wireless client
A and B can still access the wired network but cannot communicate with
each other.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-417N.
Reset
Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen.
7.7 Quality of Service (QoS) Screen
The QoS screen allows you to automatically give a service (such as e-mail, VoIP or
FTP) a priority level.
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Click Network > Wireless LAN > QoS. The following screen appears.
Figure 44 Network > Wireless LAN > QoS
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 29 Network > Wireless LAN > QoS
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
WMM QoS Policy
Select Default to have the NBG-417N automatically give a service a
priority level according to the ToS value in the IP header of packets
it sends. WMM QoS (Wifi MultiMedia Quality of Service) gives high
priority to voice and video, which makes them run more smoothly.
Select Application Priority from the drop-down list box to display
a table of application names, services, ports and priorities to which
you want to apply WMM QoS.
The table appears only if you select Application Priority in WMM
QoS Policy.
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This is the number of an individual application entry.
Name
This field displays a description given to an application entry.
Service
This field displays either FTP, WWW, E-mail or a User Defined
service to which you want to apply WMM QoS.
Dest Port
This field displays the destination port number to which the
application sends traffic.
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Table 29 Network > Wireless LAN > QoS (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Priority
This field displays the priority of the application.
Highest - Typically used for voice or video that should be highquality.
High - Typically used for voice or video that can be medium-quality.
Mid - Typically used for applications that do not fit into another
priority. For example, Internet surfing.
Low - Typically used for non-critical “background” applications,
such as large file transfers and print jobs that should not affect
other applications.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to open the Application Priority
Configuration screen. Modify an existing application entry or
create a application entry in the Application Priority
Configuration screen.
Click the Remove icon to delete an application entry.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes to the NBG-417N.
7.7.1 Application Priority Configuration
Use this screen to edit a WMM QoS application entry. Click the edit icon under
Modify. The following screen displays.
Figure 45 Network > Wireless LAN > QoS: Application Priority Configuration
See Appendix F on page 257 for a list of commonly-used services and destination
ports. The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Network > Wireless LAN > QoS: Application Priority Configuration
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Name
Type a description of the application priority.
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Network > Wireless LAN > QoS: Application Priority Configuration (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Service
The following is a description of the applications you can prioritize
with WMM QoS. Select a service from the drop-down list box.
• E-Mail
Electronic mail consists of messages sent through a computer
network to specific groups or individuals. Here are some default
ports for e-mail:
POP3 - port 110
IMAP - port 143
SMTP - port 25
HTTP - port 80
• FTP
File Transfer Protocol enables fast transfer of files, including large
files that it may not be possible to send via e-mail. FTP uses port
number 21.
• WWW
The World Wide Web is an Internet system to distribute graphical,
hyper-linked information, based on Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
(HTTP) - a client/server protocol for the World Wide Web. The Web is
not synonymous with the Internet; rather, it is just one service on
the Internet. Other services on the Internet include Internet Relay
Chat and Newsgroups. The Web is accessed through use of a
browser.
• User-Defined
User-defined services are user specific services configured using
known ports and applications.
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Dest Port
This displays the port the selected service uses. Type a port number
in the field provided if you want to use a different port to the default
port.
Priority
Select a priority from the drop-down list box.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-417N.
Cancel
Click Cancel to return to the previous screen.
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7.8 WPS Screen
Use this screen to enable/disable WPS, view or generate a new PIN number and
check current WPS status. To open this screen, click Network > Wireless LAN >
WPS tab.
Figure 46 WPS
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 30 WPS
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
WPS Setup
Enable WPS
Select this to enable the WPS feature.
PIN Number
This displays a PIN number last time system generated. Click Generate
to generate a new PIN number.
WPS Status
Status
This displays Configured when the NBG-417N has connected to a
wireless network using WPS or when Enable WPS is selected and
wireless or wireless security settings have been changed. The current
wireless and wireless security settings also appear in the screen.
This displays Unconfigured if WPS is disabled and there are no
wireless or wireless security changes on the NBG-417N or you click
Release_Configuration to remove the configured wireless and
wireless security settings.
Release
Configuration
This button is only available when the WPS status displays Configured.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-417N.
Refresh
Click Refresh to get this screen information afresh.
NBG-417N User’s Guide
Click this button to remove all configured wireless and wireless security
settings for WPS connections on the NBG-417N.
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7.9 WPS Station Screen
Use this screen when you want to add a wireless station using WPS. To open this
screen, click Network > Wireless LAN > WPS Station tab.
Note: Note: After you click Push Button on this screen, you have to press a similar
button in the wireless station utility within 2 minutes. To add the second wireless
station, you have to press these buttons on both device and the wireless station
again after the first 2 minutes.
Figure 47 WPS Station
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 31 WPS Station
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Push Button
Use this button when you use the PBC (Push Button Configuration)
method to configure wireless stations’s wireless settings. See Section
6.2.1 on page 62.
Click this to start WPS-aware wireless station scanning and the wireless
security information synchronization.
Or input
station’s PIN
number
Use this button when you use the PIN Configuration method to
configure wireless station’s wireless settings. See Section 6.2.2 on page
63.
Type the same PIN number generated in the wireless station’s utility.
Then click Start to associate to each other and perform the wireless
security information synchronization.
7.10 Scheduling Screen
Use this screen to set the times your wireless LAN is turned on and off. Wireless
LAN scheduling is disabled by default. The wireless LAN can be scheduled to turn
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on or off on certain days and at certain times. To open this screen, click Network
> Wireless LAN > Scheduling tab.
Figure 48 Scheduling
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 32 Scheduling
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Enable Wireless
LAN Scheduling
Select this to enable Wireless LAN scheduling.
Action
Select On or Off to specify whether the Wireless LAN is turned on or off.
This field works in conjunction with the Day and Except for the
following times fields.
Day
Select Everyday or the specific days to turn the Wireless LAN on or off.
If you select Everyday you can not select any specific days. This field
works in conjunction with the Except for the following times field.
Except for the
following times
(24-Hour
Format)
Select a begin time using the first set of hour and minute (min) drop
down boxes and select an end time using the second set of hour and
minute (min) drop down boxes. If you have chosen On earlier for the
WLAN Status the Wireless LAN will turn off between the two times you
enter in these fields. If you have chosen Off earlier for the WLAN Status
the Wireless LAN will turn on between the two times you enter in these
fields.
Note: Entering the same begin time and end time will mean the
whole day.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-417N.
Reset
Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen.
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WAN
8.1 Overview
This chapter discusses the NBG-417N’s WAN screens. Use these screens to
configure your NBG-417N for Internet access.
A WAN (Wide Area Network) connection is an outside connection to another
network or the Internet. It connects your private networks (such as a LAN (Local
Area Network) and other networks, so that a computer in one location can
communicate with computers in other locations.
Figure 49 LAN and WAN
LAN
WAN
See the chapter about the connection wizard for more information on the fields in
the WAN screens.
8.2 What You Can Do In the WAN Screens
• Use the Internet Connection (Section 8.4 on page 95) screen to enter your
ISP information and set how the computer acquires its IP, DNS and WAN MAC
addresses.
• Use the Advanced (Section 8.5 on page 101) screen to enable multicasting,
configure Windows networking and bridge.
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8.3 What You Need To Know About WAN
The information in this section can help you configure the screens for your WAN
connection, as well as enable/disable some advanced features of your NBG-417N.
8.3.1 Configuring Your Internet Connection
Encapsulation Method
Encapsulation is used to include data from an upper layer protocol into a lower
layer protocol. To set up a WAN connection to the Internet, you need to use the
same encapsulation method used by your ISP (Internet Service Provider). If your
ISP offers a dial-up Internet connection using PPPoE (PPP over Ethernet) or PPTP
(Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol), they should also provide a username and
password (and service name) for user authentication.
WAN IP Address
The WAN IP address is an IP address for the NBG-417N, which makes it accessible
from an outside network. It is used by the NBG-417N to communicate with other
devices in other networks. It can be static (fixed) or dynamically assigned by the
ISP each time the NBG-417N tries to access the Internet.
If your ISP assigns you a static WAN IP address, they should also assign you the
subnet mask and DNS server IP address(es) (and a gateway IP address if you use
the Ethernet or ENET ENCAP encapsulation method).
DNS Server Address Assignment
Use Domain Name System (DNS) to map a domain name to its corresponding IP
address and vice versa, for instance, the IP address of www.zyxel.com is
204.217.0.2. The DNS server is extremely important because without it, you must
know the IP address of a computer before you can access it.
The NBG-417N can get the DNS server addresses in the following ways.
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The ISP tells you the DNS server addresses, usually in the form of an information
sheet, when you sign up. If your ISP gives you DNS server addresses, manually
enter them in the DNS server fields.
If your ISP dynamically assigns the DNS server IP addresses (along with the NBG417N’s WAN IP address), set the DNS server fields to get the DNS server address
from the ISP.
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WAN MAC Address
The MAC address screen allows users to configure the WAN port's MAC address by
either using the factory default or cloning the MAC address from a computer on
your LAN. Choose Factory Default to select the factory assigned default MAC
Address.
Otherwise, click Clone the computer's MAC address - IP Address and enter
the IP address of the computer on the LAN whose MAC you are cloning. Once it is
successfully configured, the address will be copied to configuration file. It is
recommended that you clone the MAC address prior to hooking up the WAN Port.
8.3.2 Multicast
Traditionally, IP packets are transmitted in one of either two ways - Unicast (1
sender - 1 recipient) or Broadcast (1 sender - everybody on the network).
Multicast delivers IP packets to a group of hosts on the network - not everybody
and not just 1.
Figure 50 Multicast Example
NBG-417N
Server
In the multicast example above, systems A and D comprise one multicast group.
In multicasting, the server only needs to send one data stream and this is
delivered to systems A and D.
IGMP (Internet Group Multicast Protocol) is a network-layer protocol used to
establish membership in a multicast group - it is not used to carry user data. The
NBG-417N supports both IGMP version 1 (IGMP-v1) and IGMP version 2 (IGMPv2).
At start up, the NBG-417N queries all directly connected networks to gather group
membership. After that, the NBG-417N periodically updates this information. IP
multicasting can be enabled/disabled on the NBG-417N LAN and/or WAN
interfaces in the Web Configurator (LAN; WAN). Select None to disable IP
multicasting on these interfaces.
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8.3.3 NetBIOS over TCP/IP
NetBIOS (Network Basic Input/Output System) are TCP or UDP broadcast packets
that enable a computer to connect to and communicate with a LAN. For some dialup services such as PPPoE or PPTP, NetBIOS packets cause unwanted calls.
However it may sometimes be necessary to allow NetBIOS packets to pass
through to the WAN in order to find a computer on the WAN.
8.3.4 Auto-Bridge
In the rear panel of your NBG-417N, you can see four LAN ports (1 to 4) and one
WAN port. The WAN port is for your Internet access connection, and the LAN ports
are for your network devices. The WAN port has a different IP address from the
LAN ports.
When you enable auto-bridging in your NBG-417N, all five ports (4 LAN ports and
the WAN port) share the same IP address as shown in the figure below.
Figure 51 Autobridging Example
IP Address: 192.168.1.20
This might happen if you put the NBG-417N behind a NAT router that assigns it
this IP address. When the NBG-417N is in auto-bridge mode, the NBG-417N acts
as an AP and all the interfaces (LAN, WAN and WLAN) are bridged. In this mode,
your NAT, DHCP server, firewall and bandwidth management (rules) on the NBG417N are not available. You do not have to reconfigure them if you return to
router mode.
Auto-bridging only works under the following conditions:
• The WAN IP must be 192.168.x.y (where x and y must be from zero to nine). If
the LAN IP address and the WAN IP address are in the same subnet but x or y
is greater than nine, the device operates in router mode (with firewall and
bandwidth management available).
• The device must be in Router Mode (see Chapter 22 on page 189 for more
information) for auto-bridging to become active.
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8.4 Internet Connection
Use this screen to change your NBG-417N’s Internet access settings. Click
Network > WAN. The screen differs according to the encapsulation you choose.
8.4.1 Ethernet Encapsulation
This screen displays when you select Ethernet encapsulation.
Figure 52 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: Ethernet Encapsulation
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 33 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: Ethernet Encapsulation
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Connection Type You must choose the Ethernet option when the WAN port is used as a
regular Ethernet.
WAN IP Address Assignment
Get
automatically
from ISP
Select this option If your ISP did not assign you a fixed IP address. This
is the default selection.
Use Fixed IP
Address
Select this option If the ISP assigned a fixed IP address.
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Table 33 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: Ethernet Encapsulation
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
IP Address
Enter your WAN IP address in this field if you selected Use Fixed IP
Address.
IP Subnet
Mask
Enter the IP Subnet Mask in this field.
Gateway IP
Address
Enter a Gateway IP Address (if your ISP gave you one) in this field.
DNS Servers
First DNS Server Select From ISP if your ISP dynamically assigns DNS server
information (and the NBG-417N's WAN IP address). The field to the
Second DNS
right displays the (read-only) DNS server IP address that the ISP
Server
assigns.
Select User-Defined if you have the IP address of a DNS server. Enter
the DNS server's IP address in the field to the right. If you chose UserDefined, but leave the IP address set to 0.0.0.0, User-Defined
changes to None after you click Apply. If you set a second choice to
User-Defined, and enter the same IP address, the second UserDefined changes to None after you click Apply.
Select None if you do not want to configure DNS servers. If you do not
configure a DNS server, you must know the IP address of a computer in
order to access it.
WAN MAC
Address
The MAC address section allows users to configure the WAN port's MAC
address by either using the NBG-417N’s MAC address, copying the MAC
address from a computer on your LAN or manually entering a MAC
address.
Factory default
Select Factory default to use the factory assigned default MAC
Address.
Clone the
computer’s MAC
address - IP
Address
Select Clone the computer's MAC address - IP Address and enter
the IP address of the computer on the LAN whose MAC you are cloning.
Once it is successfully configured, the address will be copied to the rom
file (ZyNOS configuration file). It will not change unless you change the
setting or upload a different ROM file.
Set WAN MAC
Address
Select this option and enter the MAC address you want to use.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-417N.
Reset
Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
8.4.2 PPPoE Encapsulation
The NBG-417N supports PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet). PPPoE is
an IETF standard (RFC 2516) specifying how a personal computer (PC) interacts
with a broadband modem (DSL, cable, wireless, etc.) connection. The PPP over
Ethernet option is for a dial-up connection using PPPoE.
For the service provider, PPPoE offers an access and authentication method that
works with existing access control systems (for example Radius).
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One of the benefits of PPPoE is the ability to let you access one of multiple network
services, a function known as dynamic service selection. This enables the service
provider to easily create and offer new IP services for individuals.
Operationally, PPPoE saves significant effort for both you and the ISP or carrier, as
it requires no specific configuration of the broadband modem at the customer site.
By implementing PPPoE directly on the NBG-417N (rather than individual
computers), the computers on the LAN do not need PPPoE software installed,
since the NBG-417N does that part of the task. Furthermore, with NAT, all of the
LANs’ computers will have access.
This screen displays when you select PPPoE encapsulation.
Figure 53 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: PPPoE Encapsulation
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 34 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: PPPoE Encapsulation
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
ISP Parameters for Internet Access
Connection
Type
Select PPP over Ethernet if you connect to your Internet via dial-up.
Service Name
Type the PPPoE service name provided to you. PPPoE uses a service
name to identify and reach the PPPoE server.
User Name
Type the user name given to you by your ISP.
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Table 34 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: PPPoE Encapsulation
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Password
Type the password associated with the user name above.
Retype to
Confirm
Type your password again to make sure that you have entered is
correctly.
Nailed-Up
Connection
Select Nailed-Up Connection if you do not want the connection to time
out.
Idle Timeout
This value specifies the time in minutes that elapses before the router
automatically disconnects from the PPPoE server.
DNS Servers
First DNS
Server
Second DNS
Server
Select From ISP if your ISP dynamically assigns DNS server information
(and the NBG-417N's WAN IP address). The field to the right displays the
(read-only) DNS server IP address that the ISP assigns.
Select User-Defined if you have the IP address of a DNS server. Enter
the DNS server's IP address in the field to the right. If you chose UserDefined, but leave the IP address set to 0.0.0.0, User-Defined
changes to None after you click Apply. If you set a second choice to
User-Defined, and enter the same IP address, the second UserDefined changes to None after you click Apply.
Select None if you do not want to configure DNS servers. If you do not
configure a DNS server, you must know the IP address of a computer in
order to access it.
WAN MAC
Address
The MAC address section allows users to configure the WAN port's MAC
address by using the NBG-417N’s MAC address, copying the MAC
address from a computer on your LAN or manually entering a MAC
address.
Factory default
Select Factory default to use the factory assigned default MAC
Address.
Clone the
computer’s
MAC address IP Address
Select Clone the computer's MAC address - IP Address and enter
the IP address of the computer on the LAN whose MAC you are cloning.
Once it is successfully configured, the address will be copied to the rom
file (ZyNOS configuration file). It will not change unless you change the
setting or upload a different ROM file.
Set WAN MAC
Address
Select this option and enter the MAC address you want to use.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-417N.
Reset
Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
8.4.3 PPTP Encapsulation
Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) is a network protocol that enables secure
transfer of data from a remote client to a private server, creating a Virtual Private
Network (VPN) using TCP/IP-based networks.
PPTP supports on-demand, multi-protocol and virtual private networking over
public networks, such as the Internet.
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This screen displays when you select PPTP encapsulation.
Figure 54 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: PPTP Encapsulation
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 35 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: PPTP Encapsulation
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
ISP Parameters for Internet Access
Connection Type
Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) is a network protocol that
enables secure transfer of data from a remote client to a private
server, creating a Virtual Private Network (VPN) using TCP/IP-based
networks. PPTP supports on-demand, multi-protocol, and virtual
private networking over public networks, such as the Internet. The
NBG-417N supports only one PPTP server connection at any given
time.
To configure a PPTP client, you must configure the User Name and
Password fields for a PPP connection and the PPTP parameters for
a PPTP connection.
User Name
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Type the user name given to you by your ISP.
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Table 35 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: PPTP Encapsulation
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Password
Type the password associated with the User Name above.
Retype to Confirm
Type your password again to make sure that you have entered is
correctly.
Nailed-up
Connection
Select Nailed-Up Connection if you do not want the connection to
time out.
Idle Timeout
This value specifies the time in minutes that elapses before the
NBG-417N automatically disconnects from the PPTP server.
PPTP Configuration
Server IP Address/
Domain
Type the IP address of the PPTP server.
Connection ID/
Name
Type your identification name for the PPTP server.
Get automatically
from ISP
Select this option If your ISP did not assign you a fixed IP address.
This is the default selection.
Use Fixed IP
Address
Select this option If the ISP assigned a fixed IP address.
My WAN IP
Address
Enter your WAN IP address in this field if you selected Use Fixed IP
Address.
My IP Subnet
Mask
Your NBG-417N will automatically calculate the subnet mask based
on the IP address that you assign. Unless you are implementing
subnetting, use the subnet mask computed by the NBG-417N.
WAN IP Address Assignment
Get automatically
from ISP
Select this to get your WAN IP address from your ISP.
DNS Servers
First DNS Server
Second DNS Server
Select From ISP if your ISP dynamically assigns DNS server
information (and the NBG-417N's WAN IP address). The field to the
right displays the (read-only) DNS server IP address that the ISP
assigns.
Select User-Defined if you have the IP address of a DNS server.
Enter the DNS server's IP address in the field to the right. If you
chose User-Defined, but leave the IP address set to 0.0.0.0, UserDefined changes to None after you click Apply. If you set a second
choice to User-Defined, and enter the same IP address, the
second User-Defined changes to None after you click Apply.
Select None if you do not want to configure DNS servers. If you do
not configure a DNS server, you must know the IP address of a
computer in order to access it.
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WAN MAC Address
The MAC address section allows users to configure the WAN port's
MAC address by either using the NBG-417N’s MAC address, copying
the MAC address from a computer on your LAN or manually entering
a MAC address.
Factory default
Select Factory default to use the factory assigned default MAC
Address.
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Chapter 8 WAN
Table 35 Network > WAN > Internet Connection: PPTP Encapsulation
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Clone the
computer’s MAC
address - IP
Address
Select Clone the computer's MAC address - IP Address and
enter the IP address of the computer on the LAN whose MAC you
are cloning. Once it is successfully configured, the address will be
copied to the rom file (ZyNOS configuration file). It will not change
unless you change the setting or upload a different ROM file.
Set WAN MAC
Address
Select this option and enter the MAC address you want to use.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-417N.
Reset
Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
8.5 Advanced WAN Screen
Use this screen to enable Multicast, allow Windows Networking and enable
Auto-bridge.
Note: The three categories shown in this screen are independent of each other.
To change your NBG-417N’s advanced WAN settings, click Network > WAN >
Advanced. The screen appears as shown.
Figure 55 Network > WAN > Advanced
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 36 WAN > Advanced
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Multicast Setup
Multicast
Check this to enable multicasting. This applies to traffic routed from
the WAN to the LAN.
Leaving this blank may cause incoming traffic to be dropped or sent
to all connected network devices.
Windows Networking (NetBIOS over TCP/IP)
Allow between LAN
and WAN
Select this check box to forward NetBIOS packets from the LAN to
the WAN and from the WAN to the LAN. If your firewall is enabled
with the default policy set to block WAN to LAN traffic, you also
need to enable the default WAN to LAN firewall rule that forwards
NetBIOS traffic.
Clear this check box to block all NetBIOS packets going from the
LAN to the WAN and from the WAN to the LAN.
Allow Trigger Dial
Select this option to allow NetBIOS packets to initiate calls.
Auto-bridge
102
Enable Auto-bridge
mode
Select this option to have the NBG-417N switch to bridge mode
automatically when the NBG-417N gets a WAN IP address in the
range of 192.168.x.y (where x and y are from zero to nine) no
matter what the LAN IP address is.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-417N.
Reset
Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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CHAPTER
LAN
9.1 Overview
This chapter describes how to configure LAN settings.
A Local Area Network (LAN) is a shared communication system to which many
computers are attached. A LAN is a computer network limited to the immediate
area, usually the same building or floor of a building. The LAN screens can help
you configure a LAN DHCP server, manage IP addresses, and partition your
physical network into logical networks.
LAN
DSL
NBG-417N
The LAN screens can help you configure a LAN DHCP server and manage IP
addresses.
9.2 What You Can Do in the LAN Screen
Use the IP (Section 9.4 on page 105) screen to change your basic LAN settings.
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9.3 What You Need To Know About LAN
The actual physical connection determines whether the NBG-417N ports are LAN
or WAN ports. There are two separate IP networks, one inside the LAN network
and the other outside the WAN network as shown next.
Figure 56 LAN and WAN IP Addresses
LAN
WAN
The LAN parameters of the NBG-417N are preset in the factory with the following
values:
• IP address of 192.168.1.1 with subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 (24 bits)
• DHCP server enabled with 32 client IP addresses starting from 192.168.1.33.
These parameters should work for the majority of installations. If your ISP gives
you explicit DNS server address(es), read the embedded Web Configurator help
regarding what fields need to be configured.
9.3.1 IP Pool Setup
The NBG-417N is pre-configured with a pool of 32 IP addresses starting from
192.168.1.33 to 192.168.1.64. This configuration leaves 31 IP addresses
(excluding the NBG-417N itself) in the lower range (192.168.1.2 to 192.168.1.32)
for other server computers, for instance, servers for mail, FTP, TFTP, web, etc.,
that you may have.
Refer to Section 4.4.6 on page 48 for information on IP Address and Subnet Mask.
9.3.2 LAN TCP/IP
The NBG-417N has built-in DHCP server capability that assigns IP addresses and
DNS servers to systems that support DHCP client capability.
Refer to the Section 4.4.7 on page 49 section for information on System DNS
Servers.
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9.4 LAN IP Screen
Use this screen to change your basic LAN settings. Click Network > LAN.
Figure 57 Network > LAN > IP
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 37 Network > LAN > IP
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
IP Address
Type the IP address of your NBG-417N in dotted decimal notation
192.168.1.1 (factory default).
IP Subnet Mask
The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP
address. Your NBG-417N will automatically calculate the subnet mask
based on the IP address that you assign. Unless you are implementing
subnetting, use the subnet mask computed by the NBG-417N.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-417N.
Reset
Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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CHAPTER
10
DHCP Server
10.1 Overview
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, RFC 2131 and RFC 2132) allows
individual clients to obtain TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a server. You can
configure the NBG-417N’s LAN as a DHCP server or disable it. When configured as
a server, the NBG-417N provides the TCP/IP configuration for the clients. If DHCP
service is disabled, you must have another DHCP server on your LAN, or else the
computer must be manually configured.
10.2 What You Can Do in the DHCP Server
Screens
• Use the General (Section 10.4 on page 108) screen to enable the DHCP server.
• Use the Advanced (Section 10.5 on page 108) screen to assign IP addresses on
the LAN to specific individual computers based on their MAC Addresses.
• Use the Client List (Section 10.6 on page 110) screen to view the current DHCP
client information.
10.3 What You Need To Know About the DHCP
Server Screens
Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC (Media Access Control) address. The MAC
address is assigned at the factory and consists of six pairs of hexadecimal
characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. Find out the MAC addresses of your
network devices if you intend to add them to the DHCP Client List screen.
Refer to Section 4.4.6 on page 48 for information on IP Address and Subnet Mask.
Refer to the Section 4.4.7 on page 49 section for information on System DNS
Servers.
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Chapter 10 DHCP Server
10.4 General Screen
Use this screen to enable the DHCP server. Click Network > DHCP Server. The
following screen displays.
Figure 58 Network > DHCP Server > General
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 38 Network > DHCP Server > General
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Enable DHCP
Server
Enable or Disable DHCP for LAN.
IP Pool Starting
Address
This field specifies the first of the contiguous addresses in the IP
address pool for LAN.
Pool Size
This field specifies the size, or count of the IP address pool for LAN.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-417N.
Reset
Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, RFC 2131 and RFC
2132) allows individual clients (computers) to obtain TCP/IP
configuration at startup from a server. Leave the Enable DHCP
Server check box selected unless your ISP instructs you to do
otherwise. Clear it to disable the NBG-417N acting as a DHCP
server. When configured as a server, the NBG-417N provides TCP/IP
configuration for the clients. If not, DHCP service is disabled and
you must have another DHCP server on your LAN, or else the
computers must be manually configured. When set as a server, fill in
the following four fields.
10.5 Advanced Screen
This screen allows you to assign IP addresses on the LAN to specific individual
computers based on their MAC addresses. You can also use this screen to
configure the DNS server information that the NBG-417N sends to the DHCP
clients.
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To change your NBG-417N’s static DHCP settings, click Network > DHCP Server
> Advanced. The following screen displays.
Figure 59 Network > DHCP Server > Advanced
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 39 Network > DHCP Server > Advanced
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Static DHCP Table
This is the index number of the static IP table entry (row).
MAC Address
Type the MAC address (with colons) of a computer on your LAN.
IP Address
Type the LAN IP address of a computer on your LAN.
DNS Server
DNS Servers
Assigned by
DHCP Server
NBG-417N User’s Guide
The NBG-417N passes a DNS (Domain Name System) server IP
address (in the order you specify here) to the DHCP clients. The NBG417N only passes this information to the LAN DHCP clients when you
select the Enable DHCP Server check box. When you clear the
Enable DHCP Server check box, DHCP service is disabled and you
must have another DHCP sever on your LAN, or else the computers
must have their DNS server addresses manually configured.
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Table 39 Network > DHCP Server > Advanced
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
First DNS Server
Select From ISP if your ISP dynamically assigns DNS server
information (and the NBG-417N's WAN IP address). The field to the
right displays the (read-only) DNS server IP address that the ISP
assigns.
Second DNS
Server
Select User-Defined if you have the IP address of a DNS server.
Enter the DNS server's IP address in the field to the right. If you chose
User-Defined, but leave the IP address set to 0.0.0.0, User-Defined
changes to None after you click Apply. If you set a second choice to
User-Defined, and enter the same IP address, the second UserDefined changes to None after you click Apply.
Select DNS Relay to have the NBG-417N act as a DNS proxy. The
NBG-417N's LAN IP address displays in the field to the right (readonly). The NBG-417N tells the DHCP clients on the LAN that the NBG417N itself is the DNS server. When a computer on the LAN sends a
DNS query to the NBG-417N, the NBG-417N forwards the query to the
NBG-417N's system DNS server (configured in the WAN > Internet
Connection screen) and relays the response back to the computer.
You can only select DNS Relay for one of the three servers; if you
select DNS Relay for a second or third DNS server, that choice
changes to None after you click Apply.
Select None if you do not want to configure DNS servers. If you do
not configure a DNS server, you must know the IP address of a
computer in order to access it.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-417N.
Reset
Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
10.6 Client List Screen
The DHCP table shows current DHCP client information (including IP Address,
Host Name and MAC Address) of network clients using the NBG-417N’s DHCP
servers.
Configure this screen to always assign an IP address to a MAC address (and host
name). Click Network > DHCP Server > Client List.
Note: You can also view a read-only client list by clicking the DHCP Table (Details...)
hyperlink in the Status screen.
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The following screen displays.
Figure 60 Network > DHCP Server > Client List
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 40 Network > DHCP Server > Client List
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
This is the index number of the host computer.
IP Address
This field displays the IP address relative to the # field listed above.
Host Name
This field displays the computer host name.
MAC Address
The MAC (Media Access Control) or Ethernet address on a LAN
(Local Area Network) is unique to your computer (six pairs of
hexadecimal notation).
A network interface card such as an Ethernet adapter has a
hardwired address that is assigned at the factory. This address
follows an industry standard that ensures no other adapter has a
similar address.
Reserve
Select this check box in the DHCP Setup section to have the NBG417N always assign the IP address(es) to the MAC address(es) (and
host name(s)). After you click Apply, the MAC address and IP
address also display in the Advanced screen (where you can edit
them).
Apply
Click Apply to save your settings.
Refresh
Click Refresh to reload the DHCP table.
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CHAPTER
11
Network Address Translation
(NAT)
11.1 Overview
NAT (Network Address Translation - NAT, RFC 1631) is the translation of the IP
address of a host in a packet. For example, the source address of an outgoing
packet, used within one network is changed to a different IP address known within
another network.
The figure below is a simple illustration of a NAT network. You want to assign ports
21-25 to one FTP, Telnet and SMTP server (A in the example), port 80 to another
(B in the example) and assign a default server IP address of 192.168.1.35 to a
third (C in the example).
You assign the LAN IP addresses to the devices (A to D) connected to your NBG417N. The ISP assigns the WAN IP address. The NAT network appears as a single
host on the Internet. All traffic coming from A to D going out to the Internet use
the IP address of the NBG-417N, which is 192.168.1.1.
Figure 61 NAT Example
A: 192.168.1.33
LAN
FTP, Telnet, SNMP
Ports 21 to 25
WAN
192.168.1.1
B: 192.168.1.34
Port 80
NBG-417N IP address
assigned by ISP
C: 192.168.1.35
This chapter discusses how to configure NAT on the NBG-417N.
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Note: You must create a firewall rule in addition to setting up NAT, to allow traffic from
the WAN to be forwarded through the NBG-417N.
11.2 What You Can Do in the NAT Screens
• Use the General (Section 11.4 on page 116) screen to enable NAT and set a
default server.
• Use the Application (Section 11.5 on page 117) screen to change your NBG417N’s port forwarding settings.
• Use the Advanced (Section 11.9 on page 121) screen to change your NBG417N’s trigger port settings.
11.3 What You Need To Know About NAT
Read on for basic information on NAT and for details that can help you understand
and configure the NAT screens of your NBG-417N.
Note the following definitions that are used in this section.
Inside/outside
This denotes where a host is located relative to the NBG-417N, for example, the
computers of your subscribers are the inside hosts, while the web servers on the
Internet are the outside hosts.
Global/local
This denotes the IP address of a host in a packet as the packet traverses a router,
for example, the local address refers to the IP address of a host when the packet
is in the local network, while the global address refers to the IP address of the
host when the same packet is traveling in the WAN side.
Note: Inside/outside refers to the location of a host, while global/local refers to the IP
address of a host used in a packet.
An inside local address (ILA) is the IP address of an inside host in a packet when
the packet is still in the local network, while an inside global address (IGA) is the
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IP address of the same inside host when the packet is on the WAN side. The
following table summarizes this information.
Table 41 NAT Definitions
ITEM
DESCRIPTION
Inside
This refers to the host on the LAN.
Outside
This refers to the host on the WAN.
Local
This refers to the packet address (source or destination) as the packet travels
on the LAN.
Global
This refers to the packet address (source or destination) as the packet travels
on the WAN.
Note: NAT never changes the IP address (either local or global) of an outside host.
11.3.1 What NAT Does
In the simplest form, NAT changes the source IP address in a packet received from
a subscriber (the inside local address) to another (the inside global address)
before forwarding the packet to the WAN side. When the response comes back,
NAT translates the destination address (the inside global address) back to the
inside local address before forwarding it to the original inside host. Note that the
IP address (either local or global) of an outside host is never changed.
The global IP addresses for the inside hosts can be either static or dynamically
assigned by the ISP. In addition, you can designate servers, for example, a web
server and a telnet server, on your local network and make them accessible to the
outside world. If you do not define any servers , NAT offers the additional benefit
of firewall protection. With no servers defined, your NBG-417N filters out all
incoming inquiries, thus preventing intruders from probing your network. For
more information on IP address translation, refer to RFC 1631, The IP Network
Address Translator (NAT).
11.3.2 How NAT Works
Each packet has two addresses – a source address and a destination address. For
outgoing packets, the ILA (Inside Local Address) is the source address on the LAN,
and the IGA (Inside Global Address) is the source address on the WAN. For
incoming packets, the ILA is the destination address on the LAN, and the IGA is
the destination address on the WAN. NAT maps private (local) IP addresses to
globally unique ones required for communication with hosts on other networks. It
replaces the original IP source address in each packet and then forwards it to the
Internet. The NBG-417N keeps track of the original addresses and port numbers
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so incoming reply packets can have their original values restored. The following
figure illustrates this.
Figure 62 How NAT Works
NBG-417N
11.4 General NAT Screen
Use this screen to enable NAT and set a default server. Click Network > NAT to
open the General screen.
Figure 63 Network > NAT > General
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 42 Network > NAT > General
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
NAT Setup
Enable Network
Address
Translation
Network Address Translation (NAT) allows the translation of an Internet
protocol address used within one network (for example a private IP
address used in a local network) to a different IP address known within
another network (for example a public IP address used on the Internet).
Select the check box to enable NAT.
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Table 42 Network > NAT > General
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Default Server Setup
Server IP
Address
In addition to the servers for specified services, NAT supports a default
server. A default server receives packets from ports that are not
specified in the Application screen.
If you do not assign a Default Server IP address, the NBG-417N
discards all packets received for ports that are not specified in the
Application screen or remote management.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-417N.
Reset
Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
11.5 NAT Application Screen
Port forwarding allows you to define the local servers to which the incoming
services will be forwarded. To change your NBG-417N’s port forwarding settings,
click Network > NAT > Application. The screen appears as shown.
Note: If you do not assign a Default Server IP address in the NAT > General screen,
the NBG-417N discards all packets received for ports that are not specified in
this screen or remote management.
Refer to Appendix F on page 257 for port numbers commonly used for particular
services.
Figure 64 Network > NAT > Application
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 43 NAT Application
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Add Application Rule
Active
Select the check box to enable this rule and the requested service can
be forwarded to the host with a specified internal IP address.
Clear the checkbox to disallow forwarding of these ports to an inside
server without having to delete the entry.
Service Name
Type a name (of up to 31 printable characters) to identify this rule in
the first field next to Service Name. Otherwise, select a predefined
service in the second field next to Service Name. The predefined
service name and port number(s) will display in the Service Name and
Port fields.
Local Port
Range
Type a port number(s) to be forwarded.
Public Port
Range
To specify a range of ports, enter a hyphen (-) between the first port
and the last port, such as 10-20.
To specify two or more non-consecutive port numbers, separate them
by a comma without spaces, such as 123,567.
Server IP
Address
Type the inside IP address of the server that receives packets from the
port(s) specified in the Port field.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes to the Application Rules Summary
table.
Reset
Click Reset to not save and return your new changes in the Service
Name and Port fields to the previous one.
Application Rules Summary
This is the number of an individual port forwarding server entry.
Active
This icon is turned on when the rule is enabled.
Name
This field displays a name to identify this rule.
Local Start/End
Port
This field displays the port number(s).
Public Start/End
Port
Server IP
Address
This field displays the inside IP address of the server.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to display and modify an existing rule setting in the
fields under Add Application Rule.
Click the Remove icon to delete a rule.
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11.6 NAT Advanced Screen
To change your NBG-417N’s trigger port settings, click Network > NAT >
Advanced. The screen appears as shown.
Note: Only one LAN computer can use a trigger port (range) at a time.
Figure 65 Network > NAT > Advanced
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 44 Network > NAT > Advanced
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
This is the rule index number (read-only).
Name
Type a unique name (up to 15 characters) for identification purposes. All
characters are permitted - including spaces.
Incoming
Incoming is a port (or a range of ports) that a server on the WAN uses
when it sends out a particular service. The NBG-417N forwards the
traffic with this port (or range of ports) to the client computer on the
LAN that requested the service.
Start Port
Type a port number or the starting port number in a range of port
numbers.
End Port
Type a port number or the ending port number in a range of port
numbers.
Trigger
The trigger port is a port (or a range of ports) that causes (or triggers)
the NBG-417N to record the IP address of the LAN computer that sent
the traffic to a server on the WAN.
Start Port
Type a port number or the starting port number in a range of port
numbers.
End Port
Type a port number or the ending port number in a range of port
numbers.
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Table 44 Network > NAT > Advanced
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-417N.
Reset
Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
11.7 Technical Reference
The following section contains additional technical information about the NBG417N features described in this chapter.
11.8 Using NATPort Forwarding: Services and
Port Numbers
A port forwarding set is a list of inside (behind NAT on the LAN) servers, for
example, web or FTP, that you can make accessible to the outside world even
though NAT makes your whole inside network appear as a single machine to the
outside world.
Use the Application screen to forward incoming service requests to the server(s)
on your local network. You may enter a single port number or a range of port
numbers to be forwarded, and the local IP address of the desired server. The port
number identifies a service; for example, web service is on port 80 and FTP on
port 21. In some cases, such as for unknown services or where one server can
support more than one service (for example both FTP and web service), it might
be better to specify a range of port numbers.
In addition to the servers for specified services, NAT supports a default server. A
service request that does not have a server explicitly designated for it is forwarded
to the default server. If the default is not defined, the service request is simply
discarded.
Note: Many residential broadband ISP accounts do not allow you to run any server
processes (such as a Web or FTP server) from your location. Your ISP may
periodically check for servers and may suspend your account if it discovers any
active services at your location. If you are unsure, refer to your ISP.
11.8.1 Configuring Servers Behind Port Forwarding Example
Let's say you want to assign ports 21-25 to one FTP, Telnet and SMTP server (A in
the example), port 80 to another (B in the example) and assign a default server IP
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address of 192.168.1.35 to a third (C in the example). You assign the LAN IP
addresses and the ISP assigns the WAN IP address. The NAT network appears as a
single host on the Internet.
Figure 66 Multiple Servers Behind NAT Example
NBG-417N
11.9 Trigger Port Forwarding
Some services use a dedicated range of ports on the client side and a dedicated
range of ports on the server side. With regular port forwarding you set a
forwarding port in NAT to forward a service (coming in from the server on the
WAN) to the IP address of a computer on the client side (LAN). The problem is
that port forwarding only forwards a service to a single LAN IP address. In order to
use the same service on a different LAN computer, you have to manually replace
the LAN computer's IP address in the forwarding port with another LAN
computer's IP address.
Trigger port forwarding solves this problem by allowing computers on the LAN to
dynamically take turns using the service. The NBG-417N records the IP address of
a LAN computer that sends traffic to the WAN to request a service with a specific
port number and protocol (a "trigger" port). When the NBG-417N's WAN port
receives a response with a specific port number and protocol ("incoming" port),
the NBG-417N forwards the traffic to the LAN IP address of the computer that sent
the request. After that computer’s connection for that service closes, another
computer on the LAN can use the service in the same manner. This way you do not
need to configure a new IP address each time you want a different LAN computer
to use the application.
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11.9.1 Trigger Port Forwarding Example
The following is an example of trigger port forwarding.
Figure 67 Trigger Port Forwarding Process: Example
NBG-417N
Jane requests a file from the Real Audio server (port 7070).
Port 7070 is a “trigger” port and causes the NBG-417N to record Jane’s computer
IP address. The NBG-417N associates Jane's computer IP address with the
"incoming" port range of 6970-7170.
The Real Audio server responds using a port number ranging between 6970-7170.
The NBG-417N forwards the traffic to Jane’s computer IP address.
Only Jane can connect to the Real Audio server until the connection is closed or
times out. The NBG-417N times out in three minutes with UDP (User Datagram
Protocol), or two hours with TCP/IP (Transfer Control Protocol/Internet Protocol).
11.9.2 Two Points To Remember About Trigger Ports
122
Trigger events only happen on data that is going coming from inside the NBG417N and going to the outside.
If an application needs a continuous data stream, that port (range) will be tied up
so that another computer on the LAN can’t trigger it.
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CHAPTER
12
Dynamic DNS
12.1 Overview
Dynamic DNS (DDNS) services let you use a domain name with a dynamic IP
address.
12.2 What You Can Do in the DDNS Screen
Use the Dynamic DNS screen (Section 12.4 on page 124) to enable DDNS and
configure the DDNS settings on the NBG-417N.
12.3 What You Need To Know About DDNS
Dynamic DNS allows you to update your current dynamic IP address with one or
many dynamic DNS services so that anyone can contact you (in NetMeeting, CUSeeMe, etc.). You can also access your FTP server or Web site on your own
computer using a domain name (for instance myhost.dhs.org, where myhost is a
name of your choice) that will never change instead of using an IP address that
changes each time you reconnect. Your friends or relatives will always be able to
call you even if they don't know your IP address.
12.3.1 DynDNS Wildcard
Enabling the wildcard feature for your host causes *.yourhost.dyndns.org to be
aliased to the same IP address as yourhost.dyndns.org. This feature is useful if
you want to be able to use, for example, www.yourhost.dyndns.org and still reach
your hostname.
Note: If you have a private WAN IP address, then you cannot use Dynamic DNS. You
must have a public WAN IP address.
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12.4 Dynamic DNS Screen
To change your NBG-417N’s DDNS, click Network > DDNS. The screen appears
as shown.
Figure 68 Dynamic DNS
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 45 Dynamic DNS
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Dynamic DNS Setup
Enable Dynamic
DNS
Select this check box to use dynamic DNS.
Service Provider
Select the name of your Dynamic DNS service provider.
Dynamic DNS Type
Select the type of service that you are registered for from your
Dynamic DNS service provider.
Host Name
Enter a host names in the field provided. You can specify up to two
host names in the field separated by a comma (",").
User Name
Enter your user name.
Password
Enter the password assigned to you.
Token
Enter your client authorization key provided by the server to
update DynDNS records.
This field is configurable only when you select
WWW.REGFISH.COM in the Service Provider field.
Enable Wildcard
Option
124
Select the check box to enable DynDNS Wildcard.
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Table 45 Dynamic DNS
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Enable off line
option
This option is available when CustomDNS is selected in the DDNS
Type field. Check with your Dynamic DNS service provider to have
traffic redirected to a URL (that you can specify) while you are off
line.
IP Address Update Policy:
Use WAN IP Address Select this option to update the IP address of the host name(s) to
the WAN IP address.
Dynamic DNS
server auto detect
IP Address
Select this option to update the IP address of the host name(s)
automatically by the DDNS server. It is recommended that you
select this option.
Use specified IP
Address
Type the IP address of the host name(s). Use this if you have a
static IP address.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-417N.
Reset
Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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P ART III
Security
Firewall (129)
Content Filtering (135)
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CHAPTER
13
Firewall
13.1 Overview
Use these screens to enable and configure the firewall that protects your NBG417N and your LAN from unwanted or malicious traffic.
Enable the firewall to protect your LAN computers from attacks by hackers on the
Internet and control access between the LAN and WAN. By default the firewall:
• allows traffic that originates from your LAN computers to go to all of the
networks.
• blocks traffic that originates on the other networks from going to the LAN.
The following figure illustrates the default firewall action. User A can initiate an IM
(Instant Messaging) session from the LAN to the WAN (1). Return traffic for this
session is also allowed (2). However other traffic initiated from the WAN is blocked
(3 and 4).
Figure 69 Default Firewall Action
WAN
LAN
13.2 What You Can Do in the Firewall Screens
• Use the General (Section 13.4 on page 132) screen to enable or disable the
NBG-417N’s firewall.
• Use the Services () screen to
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13.3 What You Need To Know About Firewall
The NBG-417N’s firewall feature physically separates the LAN and the WAN and
acts as a secure gateway for all data passing between the networks.
13.3.1 What is a Firewall?
Originally, the term “firewall” referred to a construction technique designed to
prevent the spread of fire from one room to another. The networking term
"firewall" is a system or group of systems that enforces an access-control policy
between two networks. It may also be defined as a mechanism used to protect a
trusted network from a network that is not trusted. Of course, firewalls cannot
solve every security problem. A firewall is one of the mechanisms used to
establish a network security perimeter in support of a network security policy. It
should never be the only mechanism or method employed. For a firewall to guard
effectively, you must design and deploy it appropriately. This requires integrating
the firewall into a broad information-security policy. In addition, specific policies
must be implemented within the firewall itself.
13.3.2 Stateful Inspection Firewall
Stateful inspection firewalls restrict access by screening data packets against
defined access rules. They make access control decisions based on IP address and
protocol. They also "inspect" the session data to assure the integrity of the
connection and to adapt to dynamic protocols. These firewalls generally provide
the best speed and transparency; however, they may lack the granular application
level access control or caching that some proxies support. Firewalls, of one type or
another, have become an integral part of standard security solutions for
enterprises.
13.3.3 About the NBG-417N Firewall
The NBG-417N firewall is a stateful inspection firewall and is designed to protect
against Denial of Service attacks when activated (click the General tab under
Firewall and then click the Enable Firewall check box). The NBG-417N's
purpose is to allow a private Local Area Network (LAN) to be securely connected to
the Internet. The NBG-417N can be used to prevent theft, destruction and
modification of data, as well as log events, which may be important to the security
of your network.
The NBG-417N is installed between the LAN and a broadband modem connecting
to the Internet. This allows it to act as a secure gateway for all data passing
between the Internet and the LAN.
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The NBG-417N has one Ethernet WAN port and four Ethernet LAN ports, which are
used to physically separate the network into two areas.The WAN (Wide Area
Network) port attaches to the broadband (cable or DSL) modem to the Internet.
The LAN (Local Area Network) port attaches to a network of computers, which
needs security from the outside world. These computers will have access to
Internet services such as e-mail, FTP and the World Wide Web. However, "inbound
access" is not allowed (by default) unless the remote host is authorized to use a
specific service.
13.3.4 Guidelines For Enhancing Security With Your Firewall
Change the default password via Web Configurator.
Think about access control before you connect to the network in any way,
including attaching a modem to the port.
Limit who can access your router.
Don't enable any local service (such as NTP) that you don't use. Any enabled
service could present a potential security risk. A determined hacker might be able
to find creative ways to misuse the enabled services to access the firewall or the
network.
For local services that are enabled, protect against misuse. Protect by configuring
the services to communicate only with specific peers, and protect by configuring
rules to block packets for the services at specific interfaces.
Protect against IP spoofing by making sure the firewall is active.
Keep the firewall in a secured (locked) room.
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13.4 General Firewall Screen
Use this screen to enable or disable the NBG-417N’s firewall, and set up firewall
logs. Click Security > Firewall to open the General screen.
Figure 70 Security > Firewall > General l
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 46 Security > Firewall > General
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Enable Firewall
Select this check box to activate the firewall. The NBG-417N performs
access control and protects against Denial of Service (DoS) attacks
when the firewall is activated.
Apply
Click Apply to save the settings.
Reset
Click Reset to start configuring this screen again.
13.5 Services Screen
If an outside user attempts to probe an unsupported port on your NBG-417N, an
ICMP response packet is automatically returned. This allows the outside user to
know the NBG-417N exists. Use this screen to prevent the ICMP response packet
from being sent. This keeps outsiders from discovering your NBG-417N when
unsupported ports are probed.
You can also use this screen to enable service blocking, enter/delete/modify the
services you want to block and the date/time you want to block them.
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Click Security > Firewall > Services. The screen appears as shown next.
Figure 71 Security > Firewall > Services l
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 47 Security > Firewall > Services
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
ICMP
Internet Control Message Protocol is a message control and errorreporting protocol between a host server and a gateway to the Internet.
ICMP uses Internet Protocol (IP) datagrams, but the messages are
processed by the TCP/IP software and directly apparent to the
application user.
Respond to Ping
on
The NBG-417N will not respond to any incoming Ping requests when
Disable is selected. Select LAN to reply to incoming LAN Ping requests.
Select WAN to reply to incoming WAN Ping requests. Otherwise select
LAN & WAN to reply to all incoming LAN and WAN Ping requests.
Do not respond
to requests for
unauthorized
services
Select this option to prevent hackers from finding the NBG-417N by
probing for unused ports. If you select this option, the NBG-417N will
not respond to port request(s) for unused ports, thus leaving the
unused ports and the NBG-417N unseen. By default this option is not
selected and the NBG-417N will reply with an ICMP Port Unreachable
packet for a port probe on its unused UDP ports, and a TCP Reset packet
for a port probe on its unused TCP ports.
Note that the probing packets must first traverse the NBG-417N's
firewall mechanism before reaching this anti-probing mechanism.
Therefore if the firewall mechanism blocks a probing packet, the NBG417N reacts based on the firewall policy, which by default, is to send a
TCP reset packet for a blocked TCP packet. You can use the command
"sys firewall tcprst rst [on|off]" to change this policy. When the firewall
mechanism blocks a UDP packet, it drops the packet without sending a
response packet.
Apply
Click Apply to save the settings.
Reset
Click Reset to start configuring this screen again.
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CHAPTER
14
Content Filtering
14.1 Overview
This chapter provides a brief overview of content filtering using the embedded
web GUI.
Internet content filtering allows you to create and enforce Internet access policies
tailored to your needs. Content filtering is the ability to block certain web features
or specific URL keywords.
14.2 What You Can Do in the Content Filtering
Screen
Use the Filter (Section 14.4 on page 137) screen to restrict web features, add keywords for blocking and designate a trusted computer.
14.3 What You Need To Know About Content
Filtering
Content filtering allows you to block certain web features, such as cookies, and/or
block access to specific web sites. For example, you can configure one policy that
blocks John Doe’s access to arts and entertainment web pages.
14.3.1 Content Filtering Profiles
A content filtering profile conveniently stores your custom settings for the
following features.
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Restrict Web Features
The NBG-417N can disable web proxies and block web features such as ActiveX
controls, Java applets and cookies.
Keyword Blocking URL Checking
The NBG-417N checks the URL’s domain name (or IP address) and file path
separately when performing keyword blocking.
The URL’s domain name or IP address is the characters that come before the first
slash in the URL. For example, with the URL www.zyxel.com.tw/news/
pressroom.php, the domain name is www.zyxel.com.tw.
The file path is the characters that come after the first slash in the URL. For
example, with the URL www.zyxel.com.tw/news/pressroom.php, the file path is
news/pressroom.php.
Since the NBG-417N checks the URL’s domain name (or IP address) and file path
separately, it will not find items that go across the two. For example, with the URL
www.zyxel.com.tw/news/pressroom.php, the NBG-417N would find “tw” in the
domain name (www.zyxel.com.tw). It would also find “news” in the file path
(news/pressroom.php) but it would not find “tw/news”.
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14.4 Filter Screen
Use this screen to restrict web features, add keywords for blocking and designate
a trusted computer. Click Security > Content Filter to open the Filter screen.
Figure 72 Security > Content Filter > Filter
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 48 Security > Content Filter > Filter
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Enable URL
Keyword
Blocking
The NBG-417N can block Web sites with URLs that contain certain
keywords in the domain name or IP address. For example, if the
keyword "bad" was enabled, all sites containing this keyword in the
domain name or IP address will be blocked, e.g., URL http://
www.website.com/bad.html would be blocked. Select this check box to
enable this feature.
Keyword
Type a keyword in this field. You may use any character (up to 64
characters). Wildcards are not allowed. You can also enter a numerical
IP address.
Keyword List
This list displays the keywords already added.
Add
Click Add after you have typed a keyword.
Repeat this procedure to add other keywords. Up to 64 keywords are
allowed.
When you try to access a web page containing a keyword, you will get
a message telling you that the content filter is blocking this request.
Delete
Highlight a keyword in the lower box and click Delete to remove it.
The keyword disappears from the text box after you click Apply.
Clear All
Click this button to remove all of the listed keywords.
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Chapter 14 Content Filtering
Table 48 Security > Content Filter > Filter
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Reset
Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh
14.5 Technical Reference
The following section contains additional technical information about the NBG417N features described in this chapter.
14.5.1 Customizing Keyword Blocking URL Checking
You can use commands to set how much of a website’s URL the content filter is to
check for keyword blocking. See the appendices for information on how to access
and use the command interpreter.
Domain Name or IP Address URL Checking
By default, the NBG-417N checks the URL’s domain name or IP address when
performing keyword blocking.
This means that the NBG-417N checks the characters that come before the first
slash in the URL.
For example, with the URL www.zyxel.com.tw/news/pressroom.php, content
filtering only searches for keywords within www.zyxel.com.tw.
Full Path URL Checking
Full path URL checking has the NBG-417N check the characters that come before
the last slash in the URL.
For example, with the URL www.zyxel.com.tw/news/pressroom.php, full path URL
checking searches for keywords within www.zyxel.com.tw/news/.
Use the ip urlfilter customize actionFlags 6 [disable | enable]
command to extend (or not extend) the keyword blocking search to include the
URL's full path.
File Name URL Checking
Filename URL checking has the NBG-417N check all of the characters in the URL.
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For example, filename URL checking searches for keywords within the URL
www.zyxel.com.tw/news/pressroom.php.
Use the ip urlfilter customize actionFlags 8 [disable | enable]
command to extend (or not extend) the keyword blocking search to include the
URL's complete filename.
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140
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P ART IV
Management
Static Route (143)
Bandwidth Management (147)
Remote Management (155)
Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) (159)
141
142
CHAPTER
15
Static Route
15.1 Overview
This chapter shows you how to configure static routes for your NBG-417N.
The NBG-417N usually uses the default gateway to route outbound traffic from
computers on the LAN to the Internet. To have the NBG-417N send data to
devices not reachable through the default gateway, use static routes.
For example, the next figure shows a computer (A) connected to the NBG-417N’s
LAN interface. The NBG-417N routes most traffic from A to the Internet through
the NBG-417N’s default gateway (R1). You create one static route to connect to
services offered by your ISP behind router R2. You create another static route to
communicate with a separate network behind a router R3 connected to the LAN.
Figure 73 Example of Static Routing Topology
R1
WAN
LAN
R3
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R2
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Chapter 15 Static Route
15.2 What You Can Do in the IP Static Route
Screens
• Use the IP Static Route screen (Section 15.3 on page 144) to view existing
static route rules.
• Use the Static Route Setup screen (Section 15.3.1 on page 145) to add or edit
a static route rule.
15.3 IP Static Route Screen
Use this screen to view existing static route rules. Click Management > Static
Route to open the IP Static Route screen. The following screen displays.
Figure 74 Management > Static Route > IP Static Route
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 49 Management > Static Route > IP Static Route
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
This is the index number of an individual static route. The first entry is
for the default route and not editable.
Name
This is the name that describes or identifies this route.
Active
This icon is turned on when this static route is active.
Click the Edit icon under Modify and select the Active checkbox in the
Static Route Setup screen to enable the static route. Clear the
checkbox to disable this static route without having to delete the entry.
Destination
144
This parameter specifies the IP network address of the final destination.
Routing is always based on network number.
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Table 49 Management > Static Route > IP Static Route
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Gateway
This is the IP address of the gateway. The gateway is an immediate
neighbor of your NBG-417N that will forward the packet to the
destination. On the LAN, the gateway must be a router on the same
segment as your NBG-417N; over the WAN, the gateway must be the
IP address of one of the remote nodes.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to open the static route setup screen. Modify a static
route or create a new static route in the Static Route Setup screen.
Click the Remove icon to delete a static route.
15.3.1 Static Route Setup Screen
To edit a static route, click the edit icon under Modify. The following screen
displays. Fill in the required information for each static route.
Figure 75 Management > Static Route > IP Static Route: Static Route Setup
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 50 Management > Static Route > IP Static Route: Static Route Setup
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Route Name
Enter the name of the IP static route. Leave this field blank to delete
this static route.
Active
This field allows you to activate/deactivate this static route.
Destination IP
Address
This parameter specifies the IP network address of the final destination.
Routing is always based on network number. If you need to specify a
route to a single host, use a subnet mask of 255.255.255.255 in the
subnet mask field to force the network number to be identical to the
host ID.
IP Subnet Mask
Enter the IP subnet mask here.
Gateway IP
Address
Enter the IP address of the gateway. The gateway is an immediate
neighbor of your NBG-417N that will forward the packet to the
destination. On the LAN, the gateway must be a router on the same
segment as your NBG-417N; over the WAN, the gateway must be the IP
address of one of the Remote Nodes.
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Table 50 Management > Static Route > IP Static Route: Static Route Setup
146
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Metric
Metric represents the “cost” of transmission for routing purposes. IP
routing uses hop count as the measurement of cost, with a minimum of
1 for directly connected networks. Enter a number that approximates
the cost for this link. The number need not be precise, but it must be
between 1 and 15. In practice, 2 or 3 is usually a good number.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-417N.
Cancel
Click Cancel to return to the previous screen and not save your
changes.
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CHAPTER
16
Bandwidth Management
16.1 Overview
This chapter contains information about configuring bandwidth management,
editing rules and viewing the NBG-417N’s bandwidth management logs.
ZyXEL’s Bandwidth Management allows you to specify bandwidth management
rules based on an application and/or subnet. You can allocate specific amounts of
bandwidth capacity (bandwidth budgets) to different bandwidth rules.
You can create bandwidth classes based on individual applications (like VoIP, Web,
FTP, E-mail and Video for example). You can also create bandwidth classes based
on subnets. The following figure shows LAN subnets. You could configure one
bandwidth class for subnet A and another for subnet B.
Figure 76 Subnet-based Bandwidth Management Example
NBG-417N
16.2 What You Can Do in the Bandwidth
Management Screen
• Use the General screen (Section 16.4 on page 148) to enable bandwidth
management and assign bandwidth values.
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• Use the Advanced screen (Section 16.5 on page 150) to configure bandwidth
managements rule for the pre-defined service, other applications and/or
subnets.
16.3 What You Need To Know About Bandwidth
Management
The NBG-417N applies bandwidth management to traffic that it forwards out
through an interface. The NBG-417N does not control the bandwidth of traffic that
comes into an interface.
Bandwidth management applies to all traffic flowing out of the router, regardless
of the traffic's source.
• The sum of the bandwidth allotments that apply to the WAN interface (LAN to
WAN, WLAN to WAN, WAN to WAN / NBG-417N) must be less than or equal to
the Upstream Bandwidth that you configure in the Bandwidth Management
Advanced screen.
• The sum of the bandwidth allotments that apply to the LAN port (WAN to LAN,
WLAN to LAN, LAN to LAN / NBG-417N) must be less than or equal to 100,000
kbps (you cannot configure the bandwidth budget for the LAN port).
• The sum of the bandwidth allotments that apply to the WLAN port (LAN to
WLAN, WAN to WLAN, WLAN to WLAN / NBG-417N) must be less than or equal
to 54,000 kbps (you cannot configure the bandwidth budget for the WLAN port).
16.4 Bandwidth Management General
Configuration
Click Management > Bandwidth MGMT to open the bandwidth management
General screen.
Figure 77 Management > Bandwidth MGMT > General
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 51 Management > Bandwidth MGMT > General
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Enable
Bandwidth
Management
This field allows you to have NBG-417N apply bandwidth
management.
Enable bandwidth management to give traffic that matches a
bandwidth rule priority over traffic that does not match a bandwidth
rule.
Enabling bandwidth management also allows you to control the
maximum or minimum amounts of bandwidth that can be used by
traffic that matches a bandwidth rule.
Select Priority Queue to allocate bandwidth based on the pre-defined
priority assigned to an application.
Select Bandwidth Allocation allocate specific amounts of bandwidth
to specific applications and/or subnets.
Select Disable if you do not want to use this feature.
Apply
Click Apply to save your customized settings.
Reset
Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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16.5 Bandwidth Management Advanced
Configuration
Click Management > Bandwidth MGMT > Advanced to open the bandwidth
management Advanced screen.
Figure 78 Management > Bandwidth MGMT > Advanced
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 52 Management > Bandwidth MGMT > Advanced
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Unlimited Priority Queue
150
Local IP
Address
Enter the IP address of the computer for which you want to allot the
highest bandwidth priority.
Priority Queue
Use this table to allocate specific amounts of bandwidth based on the
pre-defined service.
This is the number of an individual bandwidth management rule.
Enable
Select this check box to have the NBG-417N apply this bandwidth
management rule.
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Table 52 Management > Bandwidth MGMT > Advanced (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Service
This is the name of the service.
Priority
Select a priority from the drop down list box. Choose High or Low.
Specific Port
This displays the port/s assigned to the service.
You can also specify the port/s to services you want to allocate
bandwidth for. Choose either Both, TCP or UDP in the drop-down
menu and enter the port or range of ports in the provided boxes.
Bandwidth
Allocation
Use this table to allocate specific amounts of bandwidth to specific
applications and/or subnets.
This is the number of an individual bandwidth management rule.
Enable
Select this check box to have the NBG-417N apply this bandwidth
management rule.
LAN IP Range
This displays the range of IP addresses for which the bandwidth
management rule applies.
Direction
These read-only labels represent the physical interfaces. Bandwidth
management applies to all traffic flowing out of the router through the
interface, regardless of the traffic’s source.
To LAN applies bandwidth management to traffic that the NBG-417N
forwards to the LAN.
To WAN applies bandwidth management to traffic that the NBG-417N
forwards to the WAN.
Both applies bandwidth management to traffic that the NBG-417N
forwards to both the LAN and the WAN.
Port Range
This displays the range of ports for which the bandwidth management
rule applies.
Policy
This displays either Max (maximum) or Min (minimum) and refers to
the maximum or minimum bandwidth allowed for the rule in kilobits per
second in the field below.
Rate
This is the maximum or minimum bandwidth allowed (refer to the field
above) for the rule in kilobits per second.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to open the Rule Configuration screen. Modify an
existing rule or create a new rule in the Rule Configuration screen.
See Section 16.5.1 on page 152 for more information.
Click the Remove icon to delete a rule.
Apply
Click Apply to save your customized settings.
Reset
Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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16.5.1 Rule Configuration: User Defined Service Rule
Configuration
If you want to edit a bandwidth management rule for other applications and/or
subnets, click the Edit icon in the User-defined Service table of the Advanced
screen. The following screen displays.
Figure 79 Management > Bandwidth MGMT > Advanced: User-defined Service
Rule Configuration
The following table describes the labels in this screen
Table 53 Management > Bandwidth MGMT > Advanced: User-defined Service Rule
Configuration
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Active
Select this check box to turn on this bandwidth management rule.
Direction
Bandwidth management applies to all traffic flowing out of the router
through the interface, regardless of the traffic’s source.
Select To LAN applies bandwidth management to traffic that the NBG417N forwards to the LAN.
Select To WAN applies bandwidth management to traffic that the NBG417N forwards to the WAN.
Select Both applies bandwidth management to traffic that the NBG417N forwards to both the LAN and the WAN.
152
LAN IP Range
Specify the range of IP addresses for which the bandwidth management
rule applies.
Protocol
Select the protocol (TCP, UDP, SMTP, HTTP, POP3, FTP or ALL) for
which the bandwidth management rule applies.
Port Range
Enter the range of ports for which the bandwidth management rule
applies.
Policy
Select Max or Min and specify the maximum or minimum bandwidth
allowed for the rule in kilobits per second in the field below.
Rate (bps)
Enter the maximum or minimum bandwidth allowed (refer to the field
above) for the rule in bits per second.
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LABEL
DESCRIPTION
OK
Click OK to save your customized settings.
Cancel
Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
16.6 Technical References
The following section contains additional technical information about the NBG417N features described in this chapter.
16.6.1 Application and Subnet-based Bandwidth
Management
You could also create bandwidth classes based on a combination of a subnet and
an application. The following example table shows bandwidth allocations for
application specific traffic from separate LAN subnets.
Table 54 Application and Subnet-based Bandwidth Management Example
TRAFFIC TYPE
FROM SUBNET A
FROM SUBNET B
VoIP
64 Kbps
64 Kbps
Web
64 Kbps
64 Kbps
FTP
64 Kbps
64 Kbps
E-mail
64 Kbps
64 Kbps
Video
64 Kbps
64 Kbps
16.6.2 Bandwidth Management Priorities
The following table describes the priorities that you can apply to traffic that the
NBG-417N forwards out through an interface.
Table 55 Bandwidth Management Priorities
PRIORITY LEVELS: TRAFFIC WITH A HIGHER PRIORITY GETS THROUGH FASTER
WHILE TRAFFIC WITH A LOWER PRIORITY IS DROPPED IF THE NETWORK IS
CONGESTED.
High
Typically used for voice traffic or video that is especially sensitive to
jitter (jitter is the variations in delay).
Low
This is typically used for non-critical “background” traffic such as
bulk transfers that are allowed but that should not affect other
applications and users.
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16.6.3 Predefined Bandwidth Management Services
The following is a description of the services that you can select and to which you
can apply media bandwidth management in the Management > Bandwidth
MGMT > Advanced screen.
Table 56 Media Bandwidth Management Setup: Services
SERVICE
DESCRIPTION
FTP
File Transfer Program enables fast transfer of files, including large files
that may not be possible by e-mail. FTP uses port number 21.
WWW
The World Wide Web (WWW) is an Internet system to distribute
graphical, hyper-linked information, based on Hyper Text Transfer
Protocol (HTTP) - a client/server protocol for the World Wide Web. The
Web is not synonymous with the Internet; rather, it is just one service
on the Internet. Other services on the Internet include Internet Relay
Chat and Newsgroups. The Web is accessed through use of a browser.
WWW uses port 80.
Telnet
Telnet is the login and terminal emulation protocol common on the
Internet and in UNIX environments. It operates over TCP/IP networks.
Its primary function is to allow users to log into remote host systems.
Telnet uses port 23.
E-Mail
Electronic mail consists of messages sent through a computer network
to specific groups or individuals. Here are some default ports for e-mail:
POP3 - port 110
SMTP - port 25
VoIP (SIP)
Sending voice signals over the Internet is called Voice over IP or VoIP.
Session Initiated Protocol (SIP) is an internationally recognized
standard for implementing VoIP. SIP is an application-layer control
(signaling) protocol that handles the setting up, altering and tearing
down of voice and multimedia sessions over the Internet.
SIP is transported primarily over UDP but can also be transported over
TCP, using the default port number 5060.
BitTorrent
BitTorrent is a free P2P (peer-to-peer) sharing tool allowing you to
distribute large software and media files using ports 6881 to 6889.
BitTorrent requires you to search for a file with a searching engine
yourself. It distributes files by corporation and trading, that is, the client
downloads the file in small pieces and share the pieces with other peers
to get other half of the file.
Gaming
Online gaming services lets you play multiplayer games on the Internet
via broadband technology. One example is Microsoft’s Xbox Live, which
uses port 3074.
16.6.4 Services and Port Numbers
See Appendix F on page 257 for commonly used services and port numbers.
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17
Remote Management
17.1 Overview
This chapter provides information on the Remote Management screens.
Remote management allows you to determine which services/protocols can access
which NBG-417N interface (if any) from which computers.
You may manage your NBG-417N from a remote location via:
•
LAN only
•
LAN and WAN
Note: When you configure remote management to allow management from the LAN
& WAN in the options above, you still need to configure a firewall rule to allow
access. See the firewall chapters for details on configuring firewall rules.
17.2 What You Can Do in the Remote
Management Screens
Use the WWW screen (Section 17.4 on page 157) to change your NBG-417N’s
World Wide Web settings.
17.3 What You Need To Know About Remote
Management
To disable remote management of a service, select Disable in the corresponding
Server Access field. You may only have one remote management session
running at a time.
17.3.1 Remote Management Limitations
Remote management over LAN or WAN will not work when:
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You have disabled that service in one of the remote management screens.
The IP address in the Secured Client IP Address field does not match the client
IP address. If it does not match, the NBG-417N will disconnect the session
immediately.
There is already another remote management session with an equal or higher
priority running. You may only have one remote management session running at
one time.
There is a firewall rule that blocks it.
17.3.2 Remote Management and NAT
When NAT is enabled:
• Use the NBG-417N’s WAN IP address when configuring from the WAN.
• Use the NBG-417N’s LAN IP address when configuring from the LAN.
17.3.3 System Timeout
There is a default system management idle timeout of five minutes (three
hundred seconds). The NBG-417N automatically logs you out if the management
session remains idle for longer than this timeout period. The management session
does not time out when a statistics screen is polling. You can change the timeout
period in the System screen
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17.4 WWW Screen
To change your NBG-417N’s World Wide Web settings, click Management >
Remote MGMT to display the WWW screen.
Figure 80 Management > Remote MGMT > WWW
The following table describes the labels in this screen
Table 57 Management > Remote MGMT > WWW
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Server Port
You may change the server port number for a service if needed,
however you must use the same port number in order to use that
service for remote management.
Server Access
Select the interface(s) through which a computer may access the NBG417N using this service.
Secured Client
IP Address
A secured client is a “trusted” computer that is allowed to communicate
with the NBG-417N using this service.
Select All to allow any computer to access the NBG-417N using this
service.
Choose Selected to just allow the computer with the IP address that
you specify to access the NBG-417N using this service.
Note: This only applies on WAN IP.
Apply
Click Apply to save your customized settings and exit this screen.
Reset
Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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CHAPTER
18
Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP)
18.1 Overview
This chapter introduces the UPnP feature in the Web Configurator.
Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) is a distributed, open networking standard that
uses TCP/IP for simple peer-to-peer network connectivity between devices. A
UPnP device can dynamically join a network, obtain an IP address, convey its
capabilities and learn about other devices on the network. In turn, a device can
leave a network smoothly and automatically when it is no longer in use.
18.2 What You Can Do in the UPnP Screen
Use the UPnP screen (Section 18.4 on page 161) to enable UPnP on the NBG417N.
18.3 What You Need to Know About UPnP
How do I know if I'm using UPnP?
UPnP hardware is identified as an icon in the Network Connections folder
(Windows XP). Each UPnP compatible device installed on your network will appear
as a separate icon. Selecting the icon of a UPnP device will allow you to access the
information and properties of that device.
NAT Traversal
UPnP NAT traversal automates the process of allowing an application to operate
through NAT. UPnP network devices can automatically configure network
addressing, announce their presence in the network to other UPnP devices and
enable exchange of simple product and service descriptions. NAT traversal allows
the following:
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• Dynamic port mapping
• Learning public IP addresses
• Assigning lease times to mappings
Windows Messenger is an example of an application that supports NAT traversal
and UPnP.
See the NAT chapter for more information on NAT.
Cautions with UPnP
The automated nature of NAT traversal applications in establishing their own
services and opening firewall ports may present network security issues. Network
information and configuration may also be obtained and modified by users in some
network environments.
When a UPnP device joins a network, it announces its presence with a multicast
message. For security reasons, the NBG-417N allows multicast messages on the
LAN only.
All UPnP-enabled devices may communicate freely with each other without
additional configuration. Disable UPnP if this is not your intention.
UPnP and ZyXEL
ZyXEL has achieved UPnP certification from the Universal Plug and Play Forum
UPnP™ Implementers Corp. (UIC). ZyXEL's UPnP implementation supports
Internet Gateway Device (IGD) 1.0.
See the following sections for examples of installing and using UPnP.
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18.4 UPnP Screen
Use this screen to enable UPnP. Click the Management > UPnP to open the
following screen.
Figure 81 Management > UPnP > General
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 58 Management > UPnP > General
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Enable the Universal Plug
and Play (UPnP) Feature
Select this check box to activate UPnP. Be aware that anyone
could use a UPnP application to open the Web Configurator's
login screen without entering the NBG-417N's IP address
(although you must still enter the password to access the Web
Configurator).
Allow users to make port
forwarding changes
through UPnP
Select this check box to allow UPnP-enabled applications to
automatically configure the NBG-417N so that they can
communicate through the NBG-417N, for example by using
NAT traversal, UPnP applications automatically reserve a NAT
forwarding port in order to communicate with another UPnP
enabled device; this eliminates the need to manually configure
port forwarding for the UPnP enabled application.
Apply
Click Apply to save the setting to the NBG-417N.
Reset
Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
18.5 Technical Reference
The following section contains additional technical information about the NBG417N features described in this chapter.
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18.5.1 Installing UPnP in Windows Example
This section shows how to install UPnP in Windows Me and Windows XP.
18.5.1.1 Installing UPnP in Windows Me
Follow the steps below to install the UPnP in Windows Me.
Click Start and Control Panel. Double-click Add/Remove Programs.
Click on the Windows Setup tab and select Communication in the
Components selection box. Click Details.
Figure 82 Add/Remove Programs: Windows Setup: Communication
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In the Communications window, select the Universal Plug and Play check box
in the Components selection box.
Figure 83 Add/Remove Programs: Windows Setup: Communication: Components
Click OK to go back to the Add/Remove Programs Properties window and click
Next.
Restart the computer when prompted.
Installing UPnP in Windows XP
Follow the steps below to install the UPnP in Windows XP.
Click Start and Control Panel.
Double-click Network Connections.
In the Network Connections window, click Advanced in the main menu and
select Optional Networking Components .
Figure 84 Network Connections
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The Windows Optional Networking Components Wizard window displays.
Select Networking Service in the Components selection box and click Details.
Figure 85 Windows Optional Networking Components Wizard
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In the Networking Services window, select the Universal Plug and Play check
box.
Figure 86 Networking Services
Click OK to go back to the Windows Optional Networking Component Wizard
window and click Next.
18.5.1.2 Using UPnP in Windows XP Example
This section shows you how to use the UPnP feature in Windows XP. You must
already have UPnP installed in Windows XP and UPnP activated on the NBG-417N.
Make sure the computer is connected to a LAN port of the NBG-417N. Turn on
your computer and the NBG-417N.
Auto-discover Your UPnP-enabled Network Device
Click Start and Control Panel. Double-click Network Connections. An icon
displays under Internet Gateway.
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Right-click the icon and select Properties.
Figure 87 Network Connections
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In the Internet Connection Properties window, click Settings to see the port
mappings there were automatically created.
Figure 88 Internet Connection Properties
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You may edit or delete the port mappings or click Add to manually add port
mappings.
Figure 89 Internet Connection Properties: Advanced Settings
Figure 90 Internet Connection Properties: Advanced Settings: Add
168
When the UPnP-enabled device is disconnected from your computer, all port
mappings will be deleted automatically.
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Select Show icon in notification area when connected option and click OK.
An icon displays in the system tray.
Figure 91 System Tray Icon
Double-click on the icon to display your current Internet connection status.
Figure 92 Internet Connection Status
Web Configurator Easy Access
With UPnP, you can access the web-based configurator on the NBG-417N without
finding out the IP address of the NBG-417N first. This comes helpful if you do not
know the IP address of the NBG-417N.
Follow the steps below to access the Web Configurator.
Click Start and then Control Panel.
Double-click Network Connections.
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Select My Network Places under Other Places.
Figure 93 Network Connections
170
An icon with the description for each UPnP-enabled device displays under Local
Network.
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Right-click on the icon for your NBG-417N and select Invoke. The Web
Configurator login screen displays.
Figure 94 Network Connections: My Network Places
Right-click on the icon for your NBG-417N and select Properties. A properties
window displays with basic information about the NBG-417N.
Figure 95 Network Connections: My Network Places: Properties: Example
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P ART V
Maintenance and
Troubleshooting
System (175)
Logs (181)
Tools (183)
Sys OP Mode (189)
Language (193)
Troubleshooting (195)
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CHAPTER
19
System
19.1 Overview
This chapter provides information on the System screens.
See the chapter about wizard setup for more information on the next few screens.
19.2 What You Can Do in the System Screens
• Use the General screen (Section 19.3 on page 175) to enter a name to identify
the NBG-417N in the network and set the password.
• Use the Time Setting screen (Section 19.4 on page 177) to change your NBG417N’s time and date.
19.3 System General Screen
Use this screen to enter a name to identify the NBG-417N in the network and set
the password. Click Maintenance > System. The following screen displays.
Figure 96 Maintenance > System > General
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 59 Maintenance > System > General
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
System Setup
System Name
System Name is a unique name to identify the NBG-417N in an
Ethernet network. It is recommended you enter your computer’s
“Computer name” in this field (see the chapter about wizard setup for
how to find your computer’s name).
This name can be up to 30 alphanumeric characters long. Spaces are
not allowed, but dashes “-” and underscores "_" are accepted.
Domain Name
Enter the domain name (if you know it) here. If you leave this field
blank, the ISP may assign a domain name via DHCP.
The domain name entered by you is given priority over the ISP
assigned domain name.
176
Administrator
Inactivity Timer
Type how many minutes a management session can be left idle before
the session times out. The default is 5 minutes. After it times out you
have to log in with your password again. Very long idle timeouts may
have security risks. A value of "0" means a management session never
times out, no matter how long it has been left idle (not
recommended).
Password Setup
Change your NBG-417N’s password (recommended) using the fields as
shown.
Old Password
Type the default password or the existing password you use to access
the system in this field.
New Password
Type your new system password (up to 30 characters). Note that as
you type a password, the screen displays an asterisk (*) for each
character you type.
Retype to
Confirm
Type the new password again in this field.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-417N.
Reset
Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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19.4 Time Setting Screen
To change your NBG-417N’s time and date, click Maintenance > System > Time
Setting. The screen appears as shown. Use this screen to configure the NBG417N’s time based on your local time zone.
Figure 97 Maintenance > System > Time Setting
he following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 60 Maintenance > System > Time Setting
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Current Time and Date
Current Time
This field displays the time of your NBG-417N.
Each time you reload this page, the NBG-417N synchronizes the time
with the time server.
Current Date
This field displays the date of your NBG-417N.
Each time you reload this page, the NBG-417N synchronizes the date
with the time server.
Time and Date Setup
Manual
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Select this radio button to enter the time and date manually. If you
configure a new time and date, Time Zone and Daylight Saving at the
same time, the new time and date you entered has priority and the
Time Zone and Daylight Saving settings do not affect it.
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Table 60 Maintenance > System > Time Setting
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
New Time
This field displays the last updated time from the time server or the
last time configured manually.
(hh:mm:ss)
When you set Time and Date Setup to Manual, enter the new time
in this field and then click Apply.
New Date
(yyyy/mm/dd)
This field displays the last updated date from the time server or the
last date configured manually.
When you set Time and Date Setup to Manual, enter the new date
in this field and then click Apply.
Get from Time
Server
Select this radio button to have the NBG-417N get the time and date
from the time server you specified below.
Auto
Select Auto to have the NBG-417N automatically search for an
available time server and synchronize the date and time with the time
server after you click Apply.
User Defined
Time Server
Address
Select User Defined Time Server Address and enter the IP
address or URL (up to 20 extended ASCII characters in length) of
your time server. Check with your ISP/network administrator if you
are unsure of this information.
Time Zone Setup
Time Zone
Choose the time zone of your location. This will set the time
difference between your time zone and Greenwich Mean Time (GMT).
Daylight Savings
Daylight saving is a period from late spring to early fall when many
countries set their clocks ahead of normal local time by one hour to
give more daytime light in the evening.
Select this option if you use Daylight Saving Time.
Start Date
Configure the day and time when Daylight Saving Time starts if you
selected Daylight Savings. The o'clock field uses the 24 hour
format. Here are a couple of examples:
Daylight Saving Time starts in most parts of the United States on the
first Sunday of April. Each time zone in the United States starts using
Daylight Saving Time at 2 A.M. local time. So in the United States you
would select First, Sunday, April and type 2 in the o'clock field.
Daylight Saving Time starts in the European Union on the last Sunday
of March. All of the time zones in the European Union start using
Daylight Saving Time at the same moment (1 A.M. GMT or UTC). So
in the European Union you would select Last, Sunday, March. The
time you type in the o'clock field depends on your time zone. In
Germany for instance, you would type 2 because Germany's time
zone is one hour ahead of GMT or UTC (GMT+1).
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Table 60 Maintenance > System > Time Setting
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
End Date
Configure the day and time when Daylight Saving Time ends if you
selected Daylight Savings. The o'clock field uses the 24 hour
format. Here are a couple of examples:
Daylight Saving Time ends in the United States on the last Sunday of
October. Each time zone in the United States stops using Daylight
Saving Time at 2 A.M. local time. So in the United States you would
select Last, Sunday, October and type 2 in the o'clock field.
Daylight Saving Time ends in the European Union on the last Sunday
of October. All of the time zones in the European Union stop using
Daylight Saving Time at the same moment (1 A.M. GMT or UTC). So
in the European Union you would select Last, Sunday, October. The
time you type in the o'clock field depends on your time zone. In
Germany for instance, you would type 2 because Germany's time
zone is one hour ahead of GMT or UTC (GMT+1).
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the NBG-417N.
Reset
Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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CHAPTER
20
Logs
20.1 Overview
This chapter contains information about configuring general log settings and
viewing the NBG-417N’s logs. Refer to the appendices for example log message
explanations.
The Web Configurator allows you to look at all of the NBG-417N’s logs in one
location.
20.2 What You Can Do in the Log Screens
Use the View Log screen (Section 20.4 on page 182) to see the logs for the categories such as system maintenance, system errors, access control, allowed or blocked
web sites, blocked web features, and so on.
20.3 What You Need to Know About Logs
An alert is a type of log that warrants more serious attention. They include system
errors, attacks (access control) and attempted access to blocked web sites or web
sites with restricted web features such as cookies, active X and so on. Some
categories such as System Errors consist of both logs and alerts. You may
differentiate them by their color in the View Log screen. Alerts display in red and
logs display in black.
Alerts are e-mailed as soon as they happen. Logs may be e-mailed as soon as the
log is full (see Log Schedule). Selecting many alert and/or log categories
(especially Access Control) may result in many e-mails being sent.
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20.4 View Log Screen
Use the View Log screen to see the logged messages for the NBG-417N. Options
include logs about system maintenance, system errors, access control, allowed or
blocked web sites, blocked web features (such as ActiveX controls, Java and
cookies), attacks (such as DoS) and IPSec.
Log entries in red indicate system error logs. The log wraps around and deletes
the old entries after it fills. Click a column heading to sort the entries. A triangle
indicates ascending or descending sort order.
Click Maintenance > Logs to open the View Log screen.
Figure 98 Maintenance > Logs > View Log
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 61 Maintenance > Logs > View Log
182
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Refresh
Click Refresh to renew the log screen.
Clear Log
Click Clear Log to delete all the logs.
This is the index number of the log entry.
Time
This field displays the time the log was recorded. See the chapter on
system maintenance and information to configure the NBG-417N’s
time and date.
Message
This field states the reason for the log.
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CHAPTER
21
Tools
21.1 Overview
This chapter shows you how to upload a new firmware, upload or save backup
configuration files and restart the NBG-417N.
21.2 What You Can Do in the Tools Screen
• Use the Firmware screen (Section 21.3 on page 183) to upload firmware to
your NBG-417N.
• Use the Configuration screen (Section 21.4 on page 186) to view information
related to factory defaults, backup configuration, and restoring configuration.
• Use the Restart screen (Section 21.5 on page 188) to have the NBG-417N
reboot.
21.3 Firmware Upload Screen
Find firmware at www.zyxel.com in a file that (usually) uses the system model
name with a “*.bin” extension, e.g., “NBG-417N.bin”. The upload process uses
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) and may take up to two minutes. After a
successful upload, the system will reboot.
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Chapter 21 Tools
Click Maintenance > Tools. Follow the instructions in this screen to upload
firmware to your NBG-417N.
Figure 99 Maintenance > Tools > Firmware
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 62 Maintenance > Tools > Firmware
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
File Path
Type in the location of the file you want to upload in this field or click
Browse... to find it.
Browse...
Click Browse... to find the .bin file you want to upload. Remember that
you must decompress compressed (.zip) files before you can upload them.
Upload
Click Upload to begin the upload process. This process may take up to
two minutes.
Note: Do not turn off the NBG-417N while firmware upload is in progress!
After you see the Firmware Upload In Process screen, wait two minutes before
logging into the NBG-417N again.
Figure 100 Upload Warning
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The NBG-417N automatically restarts in this time causing a temporary network
disconnect. In some operating systems, you may see the following icon on your
desktop.
Figure 101 Network Temporarily Disconnected
After two minutes, log in again and check your new firmware version in the
Status screen.
If the upload was not successful, the following screen will appear. Click Return to
go back to the Firmware screen.
Figure 102 Upload Error Message
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Chapter 21 Tools
21.4 Configuration Screen
Click Maintenance > Tools > Configuration. Information related to factory
defaults, backup configuration, and restoring configuration appears as shown
next.
Figure 103 Maintenance > Tools > Configuration
21.4.1 Backup Configuration
Backup configuration allows you to back up (save) the NBG-417N’s current
configuration to a file on your computer. Once your NBG-417N is configured and
functioning properly, it is highly recommended that you back up your configuration
file before making configuration changes. The backup configuration file will be
useful in case you need to return to your previous settings.
Click Backup to save the NBG-417N’s current configuration to your computer.
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21.4.2 Restore Configuration
Restore configuration allows you to upload a new or previously saved
configuration file from your computer to your NBG-417N.
Table 63 Maintenance Restore Configuration
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
File Path
Type in the location of the file you want to upload in this field or click
Browse... to find it.
Browse...
Click Browse... to find the file you want to upload. Remember that you
must decompress compressed (.ZIP) files before you can upload them.
Upload
Click Upload to begin the upload process.
Note: Do not turn off the NBG-417N while configuration file upload is in progress
After you see a “configuration upload successful” screen, you must then wait one
minute before logging into the NBG-417N again.
Figure 104 Configuration Restore Successful
The NBG-417N automatically restarts in this time causing a temporary network
disconnect. In some operating systems, you may see the following icon on your
desktop.
Figure 105 Temporarily Disconnected
If you uploaded the default configuration file you may need to change the IP
address of your computer to be in the same subnet as that of the default NBG417N IP address (192.168.1.1). See Appendix D on page 227 for details on how to
set up your computer’s IP address.
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If the upload was not successful, the following screen will appear. Click Return to
go back to the Configuration screen.
Figure 106 Configuration Restore Error
21.4.3 Back to Factory Defaults
Pressing the Reset button in this section clears all user-entered configuration
information and returns the NBG-417N to its factory defaults.
You can also press the RESET button on the rear panel to reset the factory
defaults of your NBG-417N. Refer to the chapter about introducing the Web
Configurator for more information on the RESET button.
21.5 Restart Screen
System restart allows you to reboot the NBG-417N without turning the power off.
Click Maintenance > Tools > Restart. Click Restart to have the NBG-417N
reboot. This does not affect the NBG-417N's configuration.
Figure 107 Maintenance > Tools > Restart
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22
Sys OP Mode
22.1 Overview
The Sys OP Mode (System Operation Mode) function lets you configure whether
your NBG-417N is a router or AP. You can choose between Router Mode and AP
Mode depending on your network topology and the features you require from
your device. See Section 1.1 on page 21 for more information on which mode to
choose.
22.2 What You Can Do in the Sys OP Mode
Screen
Use the General screen (Section 22.4 on page 191) to select how you connect to
the Internet.
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22.3 What You Need to Know About Sys OP
Mode
Router
A router connects your local network with another network, such as the Internet.
The router has two IP addresses, the LAN IP address and the WAN IP address.
Figure 108 LAN and WAN IP Addresses in Router Mode
LAN
WAN
Internet
WAN IP
LAN IP
NBG-417N
AP
An AP extends one network and so has just one IP address. All Ethernet ports on
the AP have the same IP address. To connect to the Internet, another device, such
as a router, is required.
Figure 109 IP Address in AP Mode
LAN
1 IP
Internet
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22.4 General Screen
Use this screen to select how you connect to the Internet.
Figure 110 Maintenance > Sys OP Mode > General
If you select Router Mode, the following pop-up message window appears.
Figure 111 Maintenance > Sys Op Mode > General: Router
• In this mode there are both LAN and WAN ports. The LAN Ethernet and WAN
Ethernet ports have different IP addresses.
• The DHCP server on your device is enabled and allocates IP addresses to other
devices on your local network.
• The LAN IP address of the device on the local network is set to 192.168.1.1.
• You can configure the IP address settings on your WAN port. Contact your ISP or
system administrator for more information on appropriate settings.
If you select Access Point the following pop-up message window appears.
Figure 112 Maintenance > Sys Op Mode > General: AP
• In AP Mode all Ethernet ports have the same IP address.
• All ports on the rear panel of the device are LAN ports, including the port labeled
WAN. There is no WAN port.
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• The DHCP server on your device is disabled. In AP mode there must be a device
with a DHCP server on your network such as a router or gateway which can
allocate IP addresses.
The IP address of the device on the local network is set to 192.168.1.2.
The following table describes the labels in the General screen.
Table 64 Maintenance > Sys OP Mode > General
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
System Operation Mode
Router
Select Router if your device routes traffic between a local network and
another network such as the Internet. This mode offers services such as a
firewall or bandwidth management.
Access Point
Select Access Point if your device bridges traffic between clients on the
same network.
Apply
Click Apply to save your settings.
Reset
Click Reset to return your settings to the default (Router)
Note: If you select the incorrect System Operation Mode you cannot connect to the
Internet.
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23
Language
23.1 Language Screen
Use this screen to change the language for the Web Configurator display.
Click the language you prefer. The Web Configurator language changes after a
while without restarting the NBG-417N.
Figure 113 Language
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CHAPTER
24
Troubleshooting
This chapter offers some suggestions to solve problems you might encounter. The
potential problems are divided into the following categories.
• Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs
• NBG-417N Access and Login
• Internet Access
• Resetting the NBG-417N to Its Factory Defaults
• Wireless Router/AP Troubleshooting
24.1 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs
The NBG-417N does not turn on. None of the LEDs turn on.
Make sure you are using the power adaptor or cord included with the NBG-417N.
Make sure the power adaptor or cord is connected to the NBG-417N and plugged
in to an appropriate power source. Make sure the power source is turned on.
Disconnect and re-connect the power adaptor or cord to the NBG-417N.
If the problem continues, contact the vendor.
One of the LEDs does not behave as expected.
Make sure you understand the normal behavior of the LED. See Section 1.5 on
page 22.
Check the hardware connections. See the Quick Start Guide.
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Inspect your cables for damage. Contact the vendor to replace any damaged
cables.
Disconnect and re-connect the power adaptor to the NBG-417N.
If the problem continues, contact the vendor.
24.2 NBG-417N Access and Login
I don’t know the IP address of my NBG-417N.
The default IP address is 192.168.1.1.
If you changed the IP address and have forgotten it, you might get the IP address
of the NBG-417N by looking up the IP address of the default gateway for your
computer. To do this in most Windows computers, click Start > Run, enter cmd,
and then enter ipconfig. The IP address of the Default Gateway might be the IP
address of the NBG-417N (it depends on the network), so enter this IP address in
your Internet browser.Set your device to Router Mode, login (see the Quick Start
Guide for instructions) and go to the Device Information table in the Status
screen. Your NBG-417N’s IP address is available in the Device Information
table.
• If the DHCP setting under LAN information is None, your device has a fixed
IP address.
• If the DHCP setting under LAN information is Client, then your device
receives an IP address from a DHCP server on the network.
If your NBG-417N is a DHCP client, you can find your IP address from the DHCP
server. This information is only available from the DHCP server which allocates IP
addresses on your network. Find this information directly from the DHCP server or
contact your system administrator for more information.
Reset your NBG-417N to change all settings back to their default. This means your
current settings are lost. See Section 24.4 on page 200 in the Troubleshooting
for information on resetting your NBG-417N.
I forgot the password.
196
The default password is 1234.
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If this does not work, you have to reset the device to its factory defaults. See
Section 24.4 on page 200.
I cannot see or access the Login screen in the Web Configurator.
Make sure you are using the correct IP address.
• The default IP address is 192.168.1.1.
• If you changed the IP address (Section 7.3 on page 102), use the new IP
address.
• If you changed the IP address and have forgotten it, see the troubleshooting
suggestions for I don’t know the IP address of my NBG-417N.
Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as
expected. See the Quick Start Guide.
Make sure your Internet browser does not block pop-up windows and has
JavaScripts and Java enabled. See Appendix B on page 209.
Make sure your computer is in the same subnet as the NBG-417N. (If you know
that there are routers between your computer and the NBG-417N, skip this step.)
• If there is a DHCP server on your network, make sure your computer is using
a dynamic IP address. See Section 7.3 on page 102.
• If there is no DHCP server on your network, make sure your computer’s IP
address is in the same subnet as the NBG-417N. See Section 7.3 on page
102.
Reset the device to its factory defaults, and try to access the NBG-417N with the
default IP address. See Section 7.3 on page 102.
If the problem continues, contact the network administrator or vendor, or try one
of the advanced suggestions.
Advanced Suggestions
• Try to access the NBG-417N using another service, such as Telnet. If you can
access the NBG-417N, check the remote management settings and firewall rules
to find out why the NBG-417N does not respond to HTTP.
• If your computer is connected to the WAN port or is connected wirelessly, use a
computer that is connected to a LAN/ETHERNET port.
I can see the Login screen, but I cannot log in to the NBG-417N.
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Make sure you have entered the password correctly. The default password is
1234. This field is case-sensitive, so make sure [Caps Lock] is not on.
You cannot log in to the Web Configurator while someone is using Telnet to access
the NBG-417N. Log out of the NBG-417N in the other session, or ask the person
who is logged in to log out.
This can happen when you fail to log out properly from your last session. Try
logging in again after 5 minutes.
Disconnect and re-connect the power adaptor or cord to the NBG-417N.
If this does not work, you have to reset the device to its factory defaults. See
Section 24.4 on page 200.
24.3 Internet Access
I cannot access the Internet.
Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as
expected. See the Quick Start Guide.
Make sure you entered your ISP account information correctly in the wizard. These
fields are case-sensitive, so make sure [Caps Lock] is not on.
If you are trying to access the Internet wirelessly, make sure the wireless settings
in the wireless client are the same as the settings in the AP.
• Go to Network > Wireless LAN > General > WDS and check if the NBG-417N
is set to bridge mode. Select Disable and try to connect to the Internet again.
Disconnect all the cables from your device, and follow the directions in the Quick
Start Guide again.
Go to Maintenance > Sys OP Mode > General. Check your System Operation Mode
setting.
• Select Router if your device routes traffic between a local network and
another network such as the Internet.
• Select Access Point if your device bridges traffic between clients on the
same network.
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If the problem continues, contact your ISP.
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I cannot access the Internet anymore. I had access to the Internet (with the NBG417N), but my Internet connection is not available anymore.
Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as
expected. See the Quick Start Guide and Section 1.5 on page 22.
Reboot the NBG-417N.
If the problem continues, contact your ISP.
The Internet connection is slow or intermittent.
There might be a lot of traffic on the network. Look at the LEDs, and check Section
1.5 on page 22. If the NBG-417N is sending or receiving a lot of information, try
closing some programs that use the Internet, especially peer-to-peer applications.
Check the signal strength. If the signal strength is low, try moving the NBG-417N
closer to the AP if possible, and look around to see if there are any devices that
might be interfering with the wireless network (for example, microwaves, other
wireless networks, and so on).
Reboot the NBG-417N.
If the problem continues, contact the network administrator or vendor, or try one
of the advanced suggestions.
Advanced Suggestions
• Check the settings for bandwidth management. If it is disabled, you might
consider activating it. If it is enabled, you might consider changing the
allocations.
• Check the settings for QoS. If it is disabled, you might consider activating it. If it
is enabled, you might consider raising or lowering the priority for some
applications.
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24.4 Resetting the NBG-417N to Its Factory
Defaults
If you reset the NBG-417N, you lose all of the changes you have made. The NBG417N re-loads its default settings, and the password resets to 1234. You have to
make all of your changes again.
You will lose all of your changes when you push the RESET button.
To reset the NBG-417N,
Make sure the power LED is on.
Press the RESET button for longer than 1 second to restart/reboot the NBG-417N.
Press the RESET button for longer than five seconds to set the NBG-417N back to
its factory-default configurations.
If the NBG-417N restarts automatically, wait for the NBG-417N to finish
restarting, and log in to the Web Configurator. The password is “1234”.
If the NBG-417N does not restart automatically, disconnect and reconnect the
NBG-417N’s power. Then, follow the directions above again.
24.5 Wireless Router/AP Troubleshooting
I cannot access the NBG-417N or ping any computer from the WLAN (wireless
AP or router).
200
Make sure the wireless LAN is enabled on the NBG-417N
Make sure the wireless adapter on the wireless station is working properly.
Make sure the wireless adapter installed on your computer is IEEE 802.11
compatible and supports the same wireless standard as the NBG-417N.
Make sure your computer (with a wireless adapter installed) is within the
transmission range of the NBG-417N.
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Chapter 24 Troubleshooting
Check that both the NBG-417N and your wireless station are using the same
wireless and wireless security settings.
Make sure traffic between the WLAN and the LAN is not blocked by the firewall on
the NBG-417N.
Make sure you allow the NBG-417N to be remotely accessed through the WLAN
interface. Check your remote management settings.
• See the chapter on Wireless LAN in the User’s Guide for more information.
to select Router Mode.
I set up URL keyword blocking, but I can still access a website that should be
blocked.
Make sure that you select the Enable URL Keyword Blocking check box in the
Content Filtering screen. Make sure that the keywords that you type are listed in
the Keyword List.
If a keyword that is listed in the Keyword List is not blocked when it is found in a
URL, customize the keyword blocking using commands. See the Customizing
Keyword Blocking URL Checking section in the Content Filter chapter.
I can access the Internet, but I cannot open my network folders.
In the Network > LAN > Advanced screen, make sure Allow between LAN and
WAN is checked. This is not checked by default to keep the LAN secure.
If you still cannot access a network folder, make sure your account has access
rights to the folder you are trying to open.
I can access the Web Configurator after I switched to AP mode.
When you change from router mode to AP mode, your computer must have an IP
address in the range between “192.168.1.3” and “192.168.1.254”.
Refer to Appendix D on page 227 for instructions on how to change your
computer’s IP address.
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202
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P ART VI
Appendices and
Index
Product Specifications (205)
Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java
Permissions (209)
IP Addresses and Subnetting (217)
Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address
(227)
Wireless LANs (245)
Services (257)
Legal Information (261)
Index (265)
203
204
APPENDIX
Product Specifications
The following tables summarize the NBG-417N’s hardware and firmware features.
Table 65 Hardware Features
Dimensions (W x D x
H)
140 mm x 110 mm x 30 mm
Weight
190 g
Power Specification
Input: 120~240 AC, 50~60 Hz
Ethernet ports
Auto-negotiating: 10 Mbps, 100 Mbps in either half-duplex or fullduplex mode.
Output: 12 V DC 1A
Auto-crossover: Use either crossover or straight-through Ethernet
cables.
4-5 Port Switch
A combination of switch and router makes your NBG-417N a costeffective and viable network solution. You can add up to four
computers to the NBG-417N without the cost of a hub when
connecting to the Internet through the WAN port. You can add up
to five computers to the NBG-417N when you connect to the
Internet in AP mode. Add more than four computers to your LAN
by using a hub.
LEDs
PWR, LAN1-4, WAN, WLAN/WPS
Reset Button
The reset button is built into the rear panel. Use this button to
restore the NBG-417N to its factory default settings. Press for 1
second to restart the device. Press for 5 seconds to restore to
factory default settings.
WPS button
Press the WPS on two WPS enabled devices within 120 seconds
for a security-enabled wireless connection.
Antenna
The NBG-417N is equipped with three 2dBi (2.4GHz) detachable
antennas to provide clear radio transmission and reception on the
wireless network.
Operation
Environment
Temperature: 0º C ~ 40º C / 32ºF ~ 104ºF
Storage Environment
Temperature: -30º C ~ 70º C / -22ºF ~ 158ºF
Humidity: 20% ~ 90%
Humidity: 20% ~ 95%
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Appendix A Product Specifications
Table 66 Firmware Features
FEATURE
DESCRIPTION
Default IP Address
192.168.1.1 (router)
192.168.1.2. (AP)
Default Subnet Mask
255.255.255.0 (24 bits)
Default Password
1234
DHCP Pool
192.168.1.33 to 192.168.1.64
Wireless Interface
Wireless LAN
Default Wireless SSID
Wireless LAN: ZyXEL
Wireless LAN when WPS enabled: ZyXEL WPS
Default Wireless IP
Address
Wireless LAN: Same as LAN (192.168.1.1)
Default Wireless Subnet
Mask
Wireless LAN: Same as LAN (255.255.255.0)
Default Wireless DHCP
Pool Size
Wireless LAN: Same as LAN (32 from 192.168.1.33 to
192.168.1.64)
Device Management
Use the Web Configurator to easily configure the rich range of
features on the NBG-417N.
Wireless Functionality
Allows IEEE 802.11b and/or IEEE 802.11g wireless clients to
connect to the NBG-417N wirelessly. Enable wireless security (
WPA(2)-PSK) and/or MAC filtering to protect your wireless
network.
Note: The NBG-417N may be prone to RF (Radio
Frequency) interference from other 2.4 GHz devices
such as microwave ovens, wireless phones,
Bluetooth enabled devices, and other wireless LANs.
Firmware Upgrade
Download new firmware (when available) from the ZyXEL web
site and use the Web Configurator to put it on the NBG-417N.
Note: Only upload firmware for your specific model!
206
Configuration Backup &
Restoration
Make a copy of the NBG-417N’s configuration and put it back
on the NBG-417N later if you decide you want to revert back to
an earlier configuration.
Network Address
Translation (NAT)
Each computer on your network must have its own unique IP
address. Use NAT to convert a single public IP address to
multiple private IP addresses for the computers on your
network.
Firewall
You can configure firewall on the NBG-417N for secure Internet
access. When the firewall is on, by default, all incoming traffic
from the Internet to your network is blocked unless it is
initiated from your network. This means that probes from the
outside to your network are not allowed, but you can safely
browse the Internet and download files for example.
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Appendix A Product Specifications
Table 66 Firmware Features
FEATURE
DESCRIPTION
Content Filter
The NBG-417N blocks or allows access to web sites that you
specify and blocks access to web sites with URLs that contain
keywords that you specify. You can define time periods and
days during which content filtering is enabled. You can also
include or exclude particular computers on your network from
content filtering.
You can also subscribe to category-based content filtering that
allows your NBG-417N to check web sites against an external
database.
Bandwidth Management
You can efficiently manage traffic on your network by reserving
bandwidth and giving priority to certain types of traffic and/or
to particular computers.
Remote Management
This allows you to decide whether a service (HTTP or FTP traffic
for example) from a computer on a network (LAN or WAN for
example) can access the NBG-417N.
Wireless LAN Scheduler
You can schedule the times the Wireless LAN is enabled/
disabled.
Time and Date
Get the current time and date from an external server when
you turn on your NBG-417N. You can also set the time
manually. These dates and times are then used in logs.
Port Forwarding
If you have a server (mail or web server for example) on your
network, then use this feature to let people access it from the
Internet.
DHCP (Dynamic Host
Configuration Protocol)
Use this feature to have the NBG-417N assign IP addresses, an
IP default gateway and DNS servers to computers on your
network.
Dynamic DNS Support
With Dynamic DNS (Domain Name System) support, you can
use a fixed URL, www.zyxel.com for example, with a dynamic
IP address. You must register for this service with a Dynamic
DNS service provider.
IP Multicast
IP Multicast is used to send traffic to a specific group of
computers. The NBG-417N supports versions 1 and 2 of IGMP
(Internet Group Management Protocol) used to join multicast
groups (see RFC 2236).
Logging
Use logs for troubleshooting. You can view logs in the Web
Configurator.
PPPoE
PPPoE mimics a dial-up Internet access connection.
PPTP Encapsulation
Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) enables secure
transfer of data through a Virtual Private Network (VPN). The
NBG-417N supports one PPTP connection at a time.
Universal Plug and Play
(UPnP)
The NBG-417N can communicate with other UPnP enabled
devices in a network.
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Appendix A Product Specifications
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APPENDIX
Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts
and Java Permissions
In order to use the Web Configurator you need to allow:
• Web browser pop-up windows from your device.
• JavaScripts (enabled by default).
• Java permissions (enabled by default).
Note: Internet Explorer 6 screens are used here. Screens for other Internet Explorer
versions may vary.
Internet Explorer Pop-up Blockers
You may have to disable pop-up blocking to log into your device.
Either disable pop-up blocking (enabled by default in Windows XP SP (Service
Pack) 2) or allow pop-up blocking and create an exception for your device’s IP
address.
Disable pop-up Blockers
In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Pop-up Blocker and then select Turn Off
Pop-up Blocker.
Figure 114 Pop-up Blocker
You can also check if pop-up blocking is disabled in the Pop-up Blocker section in
the Privacy tab.
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Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions
In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Internet Options, Privacy.
Clear the Block pop-ups check box in the Pop-up Blocker section of the screen.
This disables any web pop-up blockers you may have enabled.
Figure 115 Internet Options: Privacy
Click Apply to save this setting.
Enable pop-up Blockers with Exceptions
Alternatively, if you only want to allow pop-up windows from your device, see the
following steps.
210
In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Internet Options and then the Privacy tab.
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Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions
Select Settings
to open the Pop-up Blocker Settings screen.
Figure 116 Internet Options: Privacy
Type the IP address of your device (the web page that you do not want to have
blocked) with the prefix “http://”. For example, http://192.168.167.1.
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Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions
Click Add to move the IP address to the list of Allowed sites.
Figure 117 Pop-up Blocker Settings
Click Close to return to the Privacy screen.
Click Apply to save this setting.
JavaScripts
If pages of the Web Configurator do not display properly in Internet Explorer,
check that JavaScripts are allowed.
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Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions
In Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Security tab.
Figure 118 Internet Options: Security
Click the Custom Level... button.
Scroll down to Scripting.
Under Active scripting make sure that Enable is selected (the default).
Under Scripting of Java applets make sure that Enable is selected (the
default).
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Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions
Click OK to close the window.
Figure 119 Security Settings - Java Scripting
Java Permissions
214
From Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Security
tab.
Click the Custom Level... button.
Scroll down to Microsoft VM.
Under Java permissions make sure that a safety level is selected.
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Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions
Click OK to close the window.
Figure 120 Security Settings - Java
JAVA (Sun)
From Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Advanced
tab.
Make sure that Use Java 2 for  under Java (Sun) is selected.
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Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions
Click OK to close the window.
Figure 121 Java (Sun)
216
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APPENDIX
IP Addresses and Subnetting
This appendix introduces IP addresses and subnet masks.
IP addresses identify individual devices on a network. Every networking device
(including computers, servers, routers, printers, etc.) needs an IP address to
communicate across the network. These networking devices are also known as
hosts.
Subnet masks determine the maximum number of possible hosts on a network.
You can also use subnet masks to divide one network into multiple sub-networks.
Introduction to IP Addresses
One part of the IP address is the network number, and the other part is the host
ID. In the same way that houses on a street share a common street name, the
hosts on a network share a common network number. Similarly, as each house
has its own house number, each host on the network has its own unique
identifying number - the host ID. Routers use the network number to send packets
to the correct network, while the host ID determines to which host on the network
the packets are delivered.
Structure
An IP address is made up of four parts, written in dotted decimal notation (for
example, 192.168.1.1). Each of these four parts is known as an octet. An octet is
an eight-digit binary number (for example 11000000, which is 192 in decimal
notation).
Therefore, each octet has a possible range of 00000000 to 11111111 in binary, or
0 to 255 in decimal.
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Appendix C IP Addresses and Subnetting
The following figure shows an example IP address in which the first three octets
(192.168.1) are the network number, and the fourth octet (16) is the host ID.
Figure 122 Network Number and Host ID
How much of the IP address is the network number and how much is the host ID
varies according to the subnet mask.
Subnet Masks
A subnet mask is used to determine which bits are part of the network number,
and which bits are part of the host ID (using a logical AND operation). The term
“subnet” is short for “sub-network”.
A subnet mask has 32 bits. If a bit in the subnet mask is a “1” then the
corresponding bit in the IP address is part of the network number. If a bit in the
subnet mask is “0” then the corresponding bit in the IP address is part of the host
ID.
The following example shows a subnet mask identifying the network number (in
bold text) and host ID of an IP address (192.168.1.2 in decimal).
Table 67 Subnet Mask - Identifying Network Number
218
1ST
OCTET:
2ND
OCTET:
3RD
OCTET:
4TH
OCTET
(192)
(168)
(1)
(2)
IP Address (Binary)
11000000
10101000
00000001
00000010
Subnet Mask (Binary)
11111111
11111111 11111111 00000000
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Table 67 Subnet Mask - Identifying Network Number
Network Number
1ST
OCTET:
2ND
OCTET:
3RD
OCTET:
4TH
OCTET
(192)
(168)
(1)
(2)
11000000
10101000 00000001
Host ID
00000010
By convention, subnet masks always consist of a continuous sequence of ones
beginning from the leftmost bit of the mask, followed by a continuous sequence of
zeros, for a total number of 32 bits.
Subnet masks can be referred to by the size of the network number part (the bits
with a “1” value). For example, an “8-bit mask” means that the first 8 bits of the
mask are ones and the remaining 24 bits are zeroes.
Subnet masks are expressed in dotted decimal notation just like IP addresses. The
following examples show the binary and decimal notation for 8-bit, 16-bit, 24-bit
and 29-bit subnet masks.
Table 68 Subnet Masks
BINARY
DECIMAL
1ST
OCTET
2ND
OCTET
3RD
OCTET
4TH
OCTET
8-bit mask
11111111
00000000
00000000
00000000
255.0.0.0
16-bit
mask
11111111
11111111
00000000
00000000
255.255.0.0
24-bit
mask
11111111
11111111
11111111
00000000
255.255.255.0
29-bit
mask
11111111
11111111
11111111
11111000
255.255.255.24
Network Size
The size of the network number determines the maximum number of possible
hosts you can have on your network. The larger the number of network number
bits, the smaller the number of remaining host ID bits.
An IP address with host IDs of all zeros is the IP address of the network
(192.168.1.0 with a 24-bit subnet mask, for example). An IP address with host
IDs of all ones is the broadcast address for that network (192.168.1.255 with a
24-bit subnet mask, for example).
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As these two IP addresses cannot be used for individual hosts, calculate the
maximum number of possible hosts in a network as follows:
Table 69 Maximum Host Numbers
SUBNET MASK
HOST ID SIZE
8 bits
24 bits
255.0.0.0
16 bits 255.255.0.0
16 bits
MAXIMUM NUMBER OF
HOSTS
224 – 2
16
16777214
–2
65534
24 bits 255.255.255.0
8 bits
2 –2
254
29 bits 255.255.255.2
48
3 bits
23 – 2
Notation
Since the mask is always a continuous number of ones beginning from the left,
followed by a continuous number of zeros for the remainder of the 32 bit mask,
you can simply specify the number of ones instead of writing the value of each
octet. This is usually specified by writing a “/” followed by the number of bits in
the mask after the address.
For example, 192.1.1.0 /25 is equivalent to saying 192.1.1.0 with subnet mask
255.255.255.128.
The following table shows some possible subnet masks using both notations.
Table 70 Alternative Subnet Mask Notation
220
SUBNET
MASK
ALTERNATIVE LAST OCTET
NOTATION
(BINARY)
LAST OCTET
(DECIMAL)
255.255.255.0
/24
0000 0000
255.255.255.12 /25
1000 0000
128
255.255.255.19 /26
1100 0000
192
255.255.255.22 /27
1110 0000
224
255.255.255.24 /28
1111 0000
240
255.255.255.24 /29
1111 1000
248
255.255.255.25 /30
1111 1100
252
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Appendix C IP Addresses and Subnetting
Subnetting
You can use subnetting to divide one network into multiple sub-networks. In the
following example a network administrator creates two sub-networks to isolate a
group of servers from the rest of the company network for security reasons.
In this example, the company network address is 192.168.1.0. The first three
octets of the address (192.168.1) are the network number, and the remaining
octet is the host ID, allowing a maximum of 28 – 2 or 254 possible hosts.
The following figure shows the company network before subnetting.
Figure 123 Subnetting Example: Before Subnetting
You can “borrow” one of the host ID bits to divide the network 192.168.1.0 into
two separate sub-networks. The subnet mask is now 25 bits (255.255.255.128 or
/25).
The “borrowed” host ID bit can have a value of either 0 or 1, allowing two
subnets; 192.168.1.0 /25 and 192.168.1.128 /25.
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The following figure shows the company network after subnetting. There are now
two sub-networks, A and B.
Figure 124 Subnetting Example: After Subnetting
In a 25-bit subnet the host ID has 7 bits, so each sub-network has a maximum of
27 – 2 or 126 possible hosts (a host ID of all zeroes is the subnet’s address itself,
all ones is the subnet’s broadcast address).
192.168.1.0 with mask 255.255.255.128 is subnet A itself, and 192.168.1.127
with mask 255.255.255.128 is its broadcast address. Therefore, the lowest IP
address that can be assigned to an actual host for subnet A is 192.168.1.1 and
the highest is 192.168.1.126.
Similarly, the host ID range for subnet B is 192.168.1.129 to 192.168.1.254.
Example: Four Subnets
The previous example illustrated using a 25-bit subnet mask to divide a 24-bit
address into two subnets. Similarly, to divide a 24-bit address into four subnets,
you need to “borrow” two host ID bits to give four possible combinations (00, 01,
10 and 11). The subnet mask is 26 bits
(11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000) or 255.255.255.192.
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Each subnet contains 6 host ID bits, giving 26 - 2 or 62 hosts for each subnet (a
host ID of all zeroes is the subnet itself, all ones is the subnet’s broadcast
address).
Table 71 Subnet 1
IP/SUBNET MASK
NETWORK NUMBER
LAST OCTET BIT
VALUE
IP Address (Decimal)
192.168.1.
IP Address (Binary)
11000000.10101000.00000001.
00000000
Subnet Mask (Binary)
11111111.11111111.11111111.
11000000
Subnet Address:
192.168.1.0
Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.1
Broadcast Address:
192.168.1.63
Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.62
Table 72 Subnet 2
IP/SUBNET MASK
NETWORK NUMBER
LAST OCTET BIT
VALUE
IP Address
192.168.1.
64
IP Address (Binary)
11000000.10101000.00000001.
01000000
Subnet Mask (Binary)
11111111.11111111.11111111.
11000000
Subnet Address:
192.168.1.64
Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.65
Broadcast Address:
192.168.1.127
Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.126
Table 73 Subnet 3
IP/SUBNET MASK
NETWORK NUMBER
LAST OCTET BIT
VALUE
IP Address
192.168.1.
128
IP Address (Binary)
11000000.10101000.00000001.
10000000
Subnet Mask (Binary)
11111111.11111111.11111111.
11000000
Subnet Address:
192.168.1.128
Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.129
Broadcast Address:
192.168.1.191
Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.190
Table 74 Subnet 4
IP/SUBNET MASK
NETWORK NUMBER
LAST OCTET BIT
VALUE
IP Address
192.168.1.
192
IP Address (Binary)
11000000.10101000.00000001
11000000
Subnet Mask (Binary)
11111111.11111111.11111111
11000000
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Table 74 Subnet 4 (continued)
LAST OCTET BIT
VALUE
IP/SUBNET MASK
NETWORK NUMBER
Subnet Address:
192.168.1.192
Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.193
Broadcast Address:
192.168.1.255
Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.254
Example: Eight Subnets
Similarly, use a 27-bit mask to create eight subnets (000, 001, 010, 011, 100,
101, 110 and 111).
The following table shows IP address last octet values for each subnet.
Table 75 Eight Subnets
SUBNET
SUBNET
ADDRESS
FIRST ADDRESS
LAST
ADDRESS
BROADCAST
ADDRESS
30
31
32
33
62
63
64
65
94
95
96
97
126
127
128
129
158
159
160
161
190
191
192
193
222
223
224
225
254
255
Subnet Planning
The following table is a summary for subnet planning on a network with a 24-bit
network number.
Table 76 24-bit Network Number Subnet Planning
224
NO. “BORROWED”
HOST BITS
SUBNET MASK
NO. SUBNETS NO. HOSTS PER
SUBNET
255.255.255.128 (/25)
126
255.255.255.192 (/26)
62
255.255.255.224 (/27)
30
255.255.255.240 (/28)
16
14
255.255.255.248 (/29)
32
255.255.255.252 (/30)
64
255.255.255.254 (/31)
128
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The following table is a summary for subnet planning on a network with a 16-bit
network number.
Table 77 16-bit Network Number Subnet Planning
NO. “BORROWED”
HOST BITS
SUBNET MASK
NO. HOSTS PER
NO. SUBNETS SUBNET
255.255.128.0 (/17)
32766
255.255.192.0 (/18)
16382
255.255.224.0 (/19)
8190
255.255.240.0 (/20)
16
4094
255.255.248.0 (/21)
32
2046
255.255.252.0 (/22)
64
1022
255.255.254.0 (/23)
128
510
255.255.255.0 (/24)
256
254
255.255.255.128 (/25)
512
126
10
255.255.255.192 (/26)
1024
62
11
255.255.255.224 (/27)
2048
30
12
255.255.255.240 (/28)
4096
14
13
255.255.255.248 (/29)
8192
14
255.255.255.252 (/30)
16384
15
255.255.255.254 (/31)
32768
Configuring IP Addresses
Where you obtain your network number depends on your particular situation. If
the ISP or your network administrator assigns you a block of registered IP
addresses, follow their instructions in selecting the IP addresses and the subnet
mask.
If the ISP did not explicitly give you an IP network number, then most likely you
have a single user account and the ISP will assign you a dynamic IP address when
the connection is established. If this is the case, it is recommended that you select
a network number from 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.0. The Internet Assigned
Number Authority (IANA) reserved this block of addresses specifically for private
use; please do not use any other number unless you are told otherwise. You must
also enable Network Address Translation (NAT) on the NBG-417N.
Once you have decided on the network number, pick an IP address for your NBG417N that is easy to remember (for instance, 192.168.1.1) but make sure that no
other device on your network is using that IP address.
The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your
NBG-417N will compute the subnet mask automatically based on the IP address
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that you entered. You don't need to change the subnet mask computed by the
NBG-417N unless you are instructed to do otherwise.
Private IP Addresses
Every machine on the Internet must have a unique address. If your networks are
isolated from the Internet (running only between two branch offices, for example)
you can assign any IP addresses to the hosts without problems. However, the
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) has reserved the following three
blocks of IP addresses specifically for private networks:
• 10.0.0.0
• 172.16.0.0
— 10.255.255.255
— 172.31.255.255
• 192.168.0.0 — 192.168.255.255
You can obtain your IP address from the IANA, from an ISP, or it can be assigned
from a private network. If you belong to a small organization and your Internet
access is through an ISP, the ISP can provide you with the Internet addresses for
your local networks. On the other hand, if you are part of a much larger
organization, you should consult your network administrator for the appropriate IP
addresses.
Regardless of your particular situation, do not create an arbitrary IP address;
always follow the guidelines above. For more information on address assignment,
please refer to RFC 1597, Address Allocation for Private Internets and RFC 1466,
Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space.
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APPENDIX
Setting up Your Computer’s IP
Address
All computers must have a 10M or 100M Ethernet adapter card and TCP/IP
installed.
Windows 95/98/Me/NT/2000/XP, Macintosh OS 7 and later operating systems and
all versions of UNIX/LINUX include the software components you need to install
and use TCP/IP on your computer. Windows 3.1 requires the purchase of a thirdparty TCP/IP application package.
TCP/IP should already be installed on computers using Windows NT/2000/XP,
Macintosh OS 7 and later operating systems.
After the appropriate TCP/IP components are installed, configure the TCP/IP
settings in order to "communicate" with your network.
If you manually assign IP information instead of using dynamic assignment, make
sure that your computers have IP addresses that place them in the same subnet
as the Prestige’s LAN port.
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Windows 95/98/Me
Click Start, Settings, Control Panel and double-click the Network icon to open
the Network window.
Figure 125 WIndows 95/98/Me: Network: Configuration
Installing Components
The Network window Configuration tab displays a list of installed components.
You need a network adapter, the TCP/IP protocol and Client for Microsoft
Networks.
If you need the adapter:
In the Network window, click Add.
Select Adapter and then click Add.
Select the manufacturer and model of your network adapter and then click OK.
If you need TCP/IP:
228
In the Network window, click Add.
Select Protocol and then click Add.
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Select Microsoft from the list of manufacturers.
Select TCP/IP from the list of network protocols and then click OK.
If you need Client for Microsoft Networks:
Click Add.
Select Client and then click Add.
Select Microsoft from the list of manufacturers.
Select Client for Microsoft Networks from the list of network clients and then
click OK.
Restart your computer so the changes you made take effect.
Configuring
In the Network window Configuration tab, select your network adapter's TCP/IP
entry and click Properties
Click the IP Address tab.
• If your IP address is dynamic, select Obtain an IP address automatically.
• If you have a static IP address, select Specify an IP address and type your
information into the IP Address and Subnet Mask fields.
Figure 126 Windows 95/98/Me: TCP/IP Properties: IP Address
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Click the DNS Configuration tab.
• If you do not know your DNS information, select Disable DNS.
• If you know your DNS information, select Enable DNS and type the
information in the fields below (you may not need to fill them all in).
Figure 127 Windows 95/98/Me: TCP/IP Properties: DNS Configuration
Click the Gateway tab.
• If you do not know your gateway’s IP address, remove previously installed
gateways.
• If you have a gateway IP address, type it in the New gateway field and click
Add.
Click OK to save and close the TCP/IP Properties window.
Click OK to close the Network window. Insert the Windows CD if prompted.
Turn on your Prestige and restart your computer when prompted.
Verifying Settings
230
Click Start and then Run.
In the Run window, type "winipcfg" and then click OK to open the IP
Configuration window.
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Select your network adapter. You should see your computer's IP address, subnet
mask and default gateway.
Windows 2000/NT/XP
The following example figures use the default Windows XP GUI theme.
Click start (Start in Windows 2000/NT), Settings, Control Panel.
Figure 128 Windows XP: Start Menu
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In the Control Panel, double-click Network Connections (Network and Dialup Connections in Windows 2000/NT).
Figure 129 Windows XP: Control Panel
Right-click Local Area Connection and then click Properties.
Figure 130 Windows XP: Control Panel: Network Connections: Properties
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Select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) (under the General tab in Win XP) and then
click Properties.
Figure 131 Windows XP: Local Area Connection Properties
The Internet Protocol TCP/IP Properties window opens (the General tab in
Windows XP).
• If you have a dynamic IP address click Obtain an IP address
automatically.
• If you have a static IP address click Use the following IP Address and fill in
the IP address, Subnet mask, and Default gateway fields.
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• Click Advanced.
Figure 132 Windows XP: Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties
If you do not know your gateway's IP address, remove any previously installed
gateways in the IP Settings tab and click OK.
Do one or more of the following if you want to configure additional IP addresses:
• In the IP Settings tab, in IP addresses, click Add.
• In TCP/IP Address, type an IP address in IP address and a subnet mask in
Subnet mask, and then click Add.
• Repeat the above two steps for each IP address you want to add.
• Configure additional default gateways in the IP Settings tab by clicking Add
in Default gateways.
• In TCP/IP Gateway Address, type the IP address of the default gateway in
Gateway. To manually configure a default metric (the number of transmission
hops), clear the Automatic metric check box and type a metric in Metric.
• Click Add.
• Repeat the previous three steps for each default gateway you want to add.
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• Click OK when finished.
Figure 133 Windows XP: Advanced TCP/IP Properties
In the Internet Protocol TCP/IP Properties window (the General tab in
Windows XP):
• Click Obtain DNS server address automatically if you do not know your
DNS server IP address(es).
• If you know your DNS server IP address(es), click Use the following DNS
server addresses, and type them in the Preferred DNS server and
Alternate DNS server fields.
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If you have previously configured DNS servers, click Advanced and then the
DNS tab to order them.
Figure 134 Windows XP: Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties
Click OK to close the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window.
Click Close (OK in Windows 2000/NT) to close the Local Area Connection
Properties window.
10
Close the Network Connections window (Network and Dial-up Connections
in Windows 2000/NT).
11 Turn on your Prestige and restart your computer (if prompted).
Verifying Settings
236
Click Start, All Programs, Accessories and then Command Prompt.
In the Command Prompt window, type "ipconfig" and then press [ENTER]. You
can also open Network Connections, right-click a network connection, click
Status and then click the Support tab.
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Macintosh OS 8/9
Click the Apple menu, Control Panel and double-click TCP/IP to open the TCP/
IP Control Panel.
Figure 135 Macintosh OS 8/9: Apple Menu
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Select Ethernet built-in from the Connect via list.
Figure 136 Macintosh OS 8/9: TCP/IP
For dynamically assigned settings, select Using DHCP Server from the
Configure: list.
For statically assigned settings, do the following:
• From the Configure box, select Manually.
• Type your IP address in the IP Address box.
• Type your subnet mask in the Subnet mask box.
• Type the IP address of your Prestige in the Router address box.
Close the TCP/IP Control Panel.
Click Save if prompted, to save changes to your configuration.
Turn on your Prestige and restart your computer (if prompted).
Verifying Settings
Check your TCP/IP properties in the TCP/IP Control Panel window.
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Macintosh OS X
Click the Apple menu, and click System Preferences to open the System
Preferences window.
Figure 137 Macintosh OS X: Apple Menu
Click Network in the icon bar.
• Select Automatic from the Location list.
• Select Built-in Ethernet from the Show list.
• Click the TCP/IP tab.
For dynamically assigned settings, select Using DHCP from the Configure list.
Figure 138 Macintosh OS X: Network
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For statically assigned settings, do the following:
• From the Configure box, select Manually.
• Type your IP address in the IP Address box.
• Type your subnet mask in the Subnet mask box.
• Type the IP address of your Prestige in the Router address box.
Click Apply Now and close the window.
Turn on your Prestige and restart your computer (if prompted).
Verifying Settings
Check your TCP/IP properties in the Network window.
Linux
This section shows you how to configure your computer’s TCP/IP settings in Red
Hat Linux 9.0. Procedure, screens and file location may vary depending on your
Linux distribution and release version.
Note: Make sure you are logged in as the root administrator.
Using the K Desktop Environment (KDE)
Follow the steps below to configure your computer IP address using the KDE.
Click the Red Hat button (located on the bottom left corner), select System
Setting and click Network.
Figure 139 Red Hat 9.0: KDE: Network Configuration: Devices
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Double-click on the profile of the network card you wish to configure. The
Ethernet Device General screen displays as shown.
Figure 140 Red Hat 9.0: KDE: Ethernet Device: General
• If you have a dynamic IP address click Automatically obtain IP address
settings with and select dhcp from the drop down list.
• If you have a static IP address click Statically set IP Addresses and fill in
the Address, Subnet mask, and Default Gateway Address fields.
Click OK to save the changes and close the Ethernet Device General screen.
If you know your DNS server IP address(es), click the DNS tab in the Network
Configuration screen. Enter the DNS server information in the fields provided.
Figure 141 Red Hat 9.0: KDE: Network Configuration: DNS
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Click the Devices tab.
Click the Activate button to apply the changes. The following screen displays.
Click Yes to save the changes in all screens.
Figure 142 Red Hat 9.0: KDE: Network Configuration: Activate
After the network card restart process is complete, make sure the Status is
Active in the Network Configuration screen.
Using Configuration Files
Follow the steps below to edit the network configuration files and set your
computer IP address.
Assuming that you have only one network card on the computer, locate the
ifconfig-eth0 configuration file (where eth0 is the name of the Ethernet card).
Open the configuration file with any plain text editor.
• If you have a dynamic IP address, enter dhcp in the BOOTPROTO= field. The
following figure shows an example.
Figure 143 Red Hat 9.0: Dynamic IP Address Setting in ifconfig-eth0
DEVICE=eth0
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
USERCTL=no
PEERDNS=yes
TYPE=Ethernet
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• If you have a static IP address, enter static in the BOOTPROTO= field. Type
IPADDR= followed by the IP address (in dotted decimal notation) and type
NETMASK= followed by the subnet mask. The following example shows an
example where the static IP address is 192.168.1.10 and the subnet mask is
255.255.255.0.
Figure 144 Red Hat 9.0: Static IP Address Setting in ifconfig-eth0
DEVICE=eth0
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=static
IPADDR=192.168.1.10
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
USERCTL=no
PEERDNS=yes
TYPE=Ethernet
If you know your DNS server IP address(es), enter the DNS server information in
the resolv.conf file in the /etc directory. The following figure shows an example
where two DNS server IP addresses are specified.
Figure 145 Red Hat 9.0: DNS Settings in resolv.conf
nameserver 172.23.5.1
nameserver 172.23.5.2
After you edit and save the configuration files, you must restart the network card.
Enter./network restart in the /etc/rc.d/init.d directory. The following figure
shows an example.
Figure 146 Red Hat 9.0: Restart Ethernet Card
[root@localhost init.d]# network restart
Shutting down interface eth0:
Shutting down loopback interface:
Setting network parameters:
Bringing up loopback interface:
Bringing up interface eth0:
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[OK]
[OK]
[OK]
[OK]
[OK]
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24.5.1 Verifying Settings
Enter ifconfig in a terminal screen to check your TCP/IP properties.
Figure 147 Red Hat 9.0: Checking TCP/IP Properties
[root@localhost]# ifconfig
eth0
Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:50:BA:72:5B:44
inet addr:172.23.19.129 Bcast:172.23.19.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:717 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:13 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:100
RX bytes:730412 (713.2 Kb) TX bytes:1570 (1.5 Kb)
Interrupt:10 Base address:0x1000
[root@localhost]#
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APPENDIX
Wireless LANs
Wireless LAN Topologies
This section discusses ad-hoc and infrastructure wireless LAN topologies.
Ad-hoc Wireless LAN Configuration
The simplest WLAN configuration is an independent (Ad-hoc) WLAN that connects
a set of computers with wireless stations (A, B, C). Any time two or more wireless
adapters are within range of each other, they can set up an independent network,
which is commonly referred to as an Ad-hoc network or Independent Basic Service
Set (IBSS). The following diagram shows an example of notebook computers
using wireless adapters to form an Ad-hoc wireless LAN.
Figure 148 Peer-to-Peer Communication in an Ad-hoc Network
BSS
A Basic Service Set (BSS) exists when all communications between wireless
stations or between a wireless station and a wired network client go through one
access point (AP).
Intra-BSS traffic is traffic between wireless stations in the BSS. When Intra-BSS is
enabled, wireless station A and B can access the wired network and communicate
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Appendix E Wireless LANs
with each other. When Intra-BSS is disabled, wireless station A and B can still
access the wired network but cannot communicate with each other.
Figure 149 Basic Service Set
ESS
An Extended Service Set (ESS) consists of a series of overlapping BSSs, each
containing an access point, with each access point connected together by a wired
network. This wired connection between APs is called a Distribution System (DS).
This type of wireless LAN topology is called an Infrastructure WLAN. The Access
Points not only provide communication with the wired network but also mediate
wireless network traffic in the immediate neighborhood.
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An ESSID (ESS IDentification) uniquely identifies each ESS. All access points and
their associated wireless stations within the same ESS must have the same ESSID
in order to communicate.
Figure 150 Infrastructure WLAN
Channel
A channel is the radio frequency(ies) used by IEEE 802.11a/b/g wireless devices.
Channels available depend on your geographical area. You may have a choice of
channels (for your region) so you should use a different channel than an adjacent
AP (access point) to reduce interference. Interference occurs when radio signals
from different access points overlap causing interference and degrading
performance.
Adjacent channels partially overlap however. To avoid interference due to overlap,
your AP should be on a channel at least five channels away from a channel that an
adjacent AP is using. For example, if your region has 11 channels and an adjacent
AP is using channel 1, then you need to select a channel between 6 or 11.
RTS/CTS
A hidden node occurs when two stations are within range of the same access
point, but are not within range of each other. The following figure illustrates a
hidden node. Both stations (STA) are within range of the access point (AP) or
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Appendix E Wireless LANs
wireless gateway, but out-of-range of each other, so they cannot "hear" each
other, that is they do not know if the channel is currently being used. Therefore,
they are considered hidden from each other.
Figure 151
RTS/CTS
When station A sends data to the AP, it might not know that the station B is
already using the channel. If these two stations send data at the same time,
collisions may occur when both sets of data arrive at the AP at the same time,
resulting in a loss of messages for both stations.
RTS/CTS is designed to prevent collisions due to hidden nodes. An RTS/CTS
defines the biggest size data frame you can send before an RTS (Request To
Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake is invoked.
When a data frame exceeds the RTS/CTS value you set (between 0 to 2432
bytes), the station that wants to transmit this frame must first send an RTS
(Request To Send) message to the AP for permission to send it. The AP then
responds with a CTS (Clear to Send) message to all other stations within its range
to notify them to defer their transmission. It also reserves and confirms with the
requesting station the time frame for the requested transmission.
Stations can send frames smaller than the specified RTS/CTS directly to the AP
without the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake.
You should only configure RTS/CTS if the possibility of hidden nodes exists on
your network and the "cost" of resending large frames is more than the extra
network overhead involved in the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send)
handshake.
If the RTS/CTS value is greater than the Fragmentation Threshold value (see
next), then the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake will never
occur as data frames will be fragmented before they reach RTS/CTS size.
Note: Enabling the RTS Threshold causes redundant network overhead that could
negatively affect the throughput performance instead of providing a remedy.
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Appendix E Wireless LANs
Fragmentation Threshold
A Fragmentation Threshold is the maximum data fragment size (between 256
and 2432 bytes) that can be sent in the wireless network before the AP will
fragment the packet into smaller data frames.
A large Fragmentation Threshold is recommended for networks not prone to
interference while you should set a smaller threshold for busy networks or
networks that are prone to interference.
If the Fragmentation Threshold value is smaller than the RTS/CTS value (see
previously) you set then the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send)
handshake will never occur as data frames will be fragmented before they reach
RTS/CTS size.
Preamble Type
A preamble is used to synchronize the transmission timing in your wireless
network. There are two preamble modes: Long and Short.
Short preamble takes less time to process and minimizes overhead, so it should
be used in a good wireless network environment when all wireless stations
support it.
Select Long if you have a ‘noisy’ network or are unsure of what preamble mode
your wireless stations support as all IEEE 802.11b compliant wireless adapters
must support long preamble. However, not all wireless adapters support short
preamble. Use long preamble if you are unsure what preamble mode the wireless
adapters support, to ensure interpretability between the AP and the wireless
stations and to provide more reliable communication in ‘noisy’ networks.
Select Dynamic to have the AP automatically use short preamble when all
wireless stations support it, otherwise the AP uses long preamble.
Note: The AP and the wireless stations MUST use the same preamble mode in order
to communicate.
IEEE 802.11g Wireless LAN
IEEE 802.11g is fully compatible with the IEEE 802.11b standard. This means an
IEEE 802.11b adapter can interface directly with an IEEE 802.11g access point
(and vice versa) at 11 Mbps or lower depending on range. IEEE 802.11g has
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Appendix E Wireless LANs
several intermediate rate steps between the maximum and minimum data rates.
The IEEE 802.11g data rate and modulation are as follows:
Table 78 IEEE 802.11g
DATA RATE
(MBPS)
MODULATION
DBPSK (Differential Binary Phase Shift Keyed)
DQPSK (Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying)
5.5 / 11
CCK (Complementary Code Keying)
6/9/12/18/24/36/
48/54
OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)
IEEE 802.1x
In June 2001, the IEEE 802.1x standard was designed to extend the features of
IEEE 802.11 to support extended authentication as well as providing additional
accounting and control features. It is supported by Windows XP and a number of
network devices. Some advantages of IEEE 802.1x are:
• User based identification that allows for roaming.
• Support for RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial In User Service, RFC 2138,
2139) for centralized user profile and accounting management on a network
RADIUS server.
• Support for EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol, RFC 2486) that allows
additional authentication methods to be deployed with no changes to the access
point or the wireless stations.
RADIUS
RADIUS is based on a client-server model that supports authentication,
authorization and accounting. The access point is the client and the server is the
RADIUS server. The RADIUS server handles the following tasks:
• Authentication
Determines the identity of the users.
• Authorization
Determines the network services available to authenticated users once they are
connected to the network.
• Accounting
Keeps track of the client’s network activity.
RADIUS is a simple package exchange in which your AP acts as a message relay
between the wireless station and the network RADIUS server.
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Appendix E Wireless LANs
Types of RADIUS Messages
The following types of RADIUS messages are exchanged between the access point
and the RADIUS server for user authentication:
• Access-Request
Sent by an access point requesting authentication.
• Access-Reject
Sent by a RADIUS server rejecting access.
• Access-Accept
Sent by a RADIUS server allowing access.
• Access-Challenge
Sent by a RADIUS server requesting more information in order to allow access.
The access point sends a proper response from the user and then sends another
Access-Request message.
The following types of RADIUS messages are exchanged between the access point
and the RADIUS server for user accounting:
• Accounting-Request
Sent by the access point requesting accounting.
• Accounting-Response
Sent by the RADIUS server to indicate that it has started or stopped accounting.
In order to ensure network security, the access point and the RADIUS server use a
shared secret key, which is a password, they both know. The key is not sent over
the network. In addition to the shared key, password information exchanged is
also encrypted to protect the network from unauthorized access.
Types of Authentication
This appendix discusses some popular authentication types: EAP-MD5, EAP-TLS,
EAP-TTLS, PEAP and LEAP.
The type of authentication you use depends on the RADIUS server or the AP.
Consult your network administrator for more information.
EAP-MD5 (Message-Digest Algorithm 5)
MD5 authentication is the simplest one-way authentication method. The
authentication server sends a challenge to the wireless station. The wireless
station ‘proves’ that it knows the password by encrypting the password with the
challenge and sends back the information. Password is not sent in plain text.
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Appendix E Wireless LANs
However, MD5 authentication has some weaknesses. Since the authentication
server needs to get the plaintext passwords, the passwords must be stored. Thus
someone other than the authentication server may access the password file. In
addition, it is possible to impersonate an authentication server as MD5
authentication method does not perform mutual authentication. Finally, MD5
authentication method does not support data encryption with dynamic session
key. You must configure WEP encryption keys for data encryption.
EAP-TLS (Transport Layer Security)
With EAP-TLS, digital certifications are needed by both the server and the wireless
stations for mutual authentication. The server presents a certificate to the client.
After validating the identity of the server, the client sends a different certificate to
the server. The exchange of certificates is done in the open before a secured
tunnel is created. This makes user identity vulnerable to passive attacks. A digital
certificate is an electronic ID card that authenticates the sender’s identity.
However, to implement EAP-TLS, you need a Certificate Authority (CA) to handle
certificates, which imposes a management overhead.
EAP-TTLS (Tunneled Transport Layer Service)
EAP-TTLS is an extension of the EAP-TLS authentication that uses certificates for
only the server-side authentications to establish a secure connection. Client
authentication is then done by sending username and password through the
secure connection, thus client identity is protected. For client authentication, EAPTTLS supports EAP methods and legacy authentication methods such as PAP,
CHAP, MS-CHAP and MS-CHAP v2.
PEAP (Protected EAP)
Like EAP-TTLS, server-side certificate authentication is used to establish a secure
connection, then use simple username and password methods through the
secured connection to authenticate the clients, thus hiding client identity.
However, PEAP only supports EAP methods, such as EAP-MD5, EAP-MSCHAPv2
and EAP-GTC (EAP-Generic Token Card), for client authentication. EAP-GTC is
implemented only by Cisco.
LEAP
LEAP (Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol) is a Cisco implementation of
IEEE 802.1x.
Dynamic WEP Key Exchange
The AP maps a unique key that is generated with the RADIUS server. This key
expires when the wireless connection times out, disconnects or reauthentication
times out. A new WEP key is generated each time reauthentication is performed.
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Appendix E Wireless LANs
If this feature is enabled, it is not necessary to configure a default encryption key
in the Wireless screen. You may still configure and store keys here, but they will
not be used while Dynamic WEP is enabled.
Note: EAP-MD5 cannot be used with dynamic WEP key exchange
For added security, certificate-based authentications (EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS and
PEAP) use dynamic keys for data encryption. They are often deployed in corporate
environments, but for public deployment, a simple user name and password pair
is more practical. The following table is a comparison of the features of
authentication types.
Table 79 Comparison of EAP Authentication Types
EAP-MD5
EAP-TLS
EAP-TTLS
PEAP
LEAP
Mutual Authentication
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Certificate – Client
No
Yes
Optional
Optional
No
Certificate – Server
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Dynamic Key Exchange
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Credential Integrity
None
Strong
Strong
Strong
Moderate
Deployment Difficulty
Easy
Hard
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
Client Identity
Protection
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
WPA(2)
Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) is a subset of the IEEE 802.11i standard. WPA2
(IEEE 802.11i) is a wireless security standard that defines stronger encryption,
authentication and key management than WPA.
Key differences between WPA(2) and WEP are improved data encryption and user
authentication.
Encryption
Both WPA and WPA2 improve data encryption by using Temporal Key Integrity
Protocol (TKIP), Message Integrity Check (MIC) and IEEE 802.1x. In addition to
TKIP, WPA2 also uses Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) in the Counter mode
with Cipher block chaining Message authentication code Protocol (CCMP) to offer
stronger encryption.
Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) uses 128-bit keys that are dynamically
generated and distributed by the authentication server. It includes a per-packet
key mixing function, a Message Integrity Check (MIC) named Michael, an
extended initialization vector (IV) with sequencing rules, and a re-keying
mechanism.
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Appendix E Wireless LANs
TKIP regularly changes and rotates the encryption keys so that the same
encryption key is never used twice. The RADIUS server distributes a Pairwise
Master Key (PMK) key to the AP that then sets up a key hierarchy and
management system, using the pair-wise key to dynamically generate unique data
encryption keys to encrypt every data packet that is wirelessly communicated
between the AP and the wireless clients. This all happens in the background
automatically.
WPA2 AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) is a block cipher that uses a 256-bit
mathematical algorithm called Rijndael.
The Message Integrity Check (MIC) is designed to prevent an attacker from
capturing data packets, altering them and resending them. The MIC provides a
strong mathematical function in which the receiver and the transmitter each
compute and then compare the MIC. If they do not match, it is assumed that the
data has been tampered with and the packet is dropped.
By generating unique data encryption keys for every data packet and by creating
an integrity checking mechanism (MIC), TKIP makes it much more difficult to
decode data on a Wi-Fi network than WEP, making it difficult for an intruder to
break into the network.
The encryption mechanisms used for WPA and WPA-PSK are the same. The only
difference between the two is that WPA-PSK uses a simple common password,
instead of user-specific credentials. The common-password approach makes WPAPSK susceptible to brute-force password-guessing attacks but it's still an
improvement over WEP as it employs an easier-to-use, consistent, single,
alphanumeric password.
User Authentication
WPA or WPA2 applies IEEE 802.1x and Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) to
authenticate wireless clients using an external RADIUS database.
If both an AP and the wireless clients support WPA2 and you have an external
RADIUS server, use WPA2 for stronger data encryption. If you don't have an
external RADIUS server, you should use WPA2 -PSK (WPA2 -Pre-Shared Key) that
only requires a single (identical) password entered into each access point, wireless
gateway and wireless client. As long as the passwords match, a wireless client will
be granted access to a WLAN.
If the AP or the wireless clients do not support WPA2, just use WPA or WPA-PSK
depending on whether you have an external RADIUS server or not.
Select WEP only when the AP and/or wireless clients do not support WPA or WPA2.
WEP is less secure than WPA or WPA2.
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Appendix E Wireless LANs
24.5.2 WPA(2)-PSK Application Example
A WPA(2)-PSK application looks as follows.
First enter identical passwords into the AP and all wireless clients. The Pre-Shared
Key (PSK) must consist of between 8 and 63 ASCII characters (including spaces
and symbols).
The AP checks each wireless client's password and (only) allows it to join the
network if the password matches.
The AP derives and distributes keys to the wireless clients.
The AP and wireless clients use the TKIP or AES encryption process to encrypt
data exchanged between them.
Figure 152 WPA(2)-PSK Authentication
24.5.3 WPA(2) with RADIUS Application Example
You need the IP address of the RADIUS server, its port number (default is 1812),
and the RADIUS shared secret. A WPA(2) application example with an external
RADIUS server looks as follows. "A" is the RADIUS server. "DS" is the distribution
system.
The AP passes the wireless client's authentication request to the RADIUS server.
The RADIUS server then checks the user's identification against its database and
grants or denies network access accordingly.
The RADIUS server distributes a Pairwise Master Key (PMK) key to the AP that
then sets up a key hierarchy and management system, using the pair-wise key to
dynamically generate unique data encryption keys to encrypt every data packet
that is wirelessly communicated between the AP and the wireless clients.
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Appendix E Wireless LANs
Security Parameters Summary
Refer to this table to see what other security parameters you should configure for
each Authentication Method/ key management protocol type. MAC address filters
are not dependent on how you configure these security features.
Table 80 Wireless Security Relational Matrix
AUTHENTICATION
METHOD/ KEY
MANAGEMENT
PROTOCOL
ENCRYPTIO ENTER
IEEE 802.1X
N METHOD MANUAL KEY
Open
None
No
Disable
Enable without Dynamic WEP
Key
Open
Shared
256
WEP
WEP
No
Enable with Dynamic WEP
Key
Yes
Enable without Dynamic WEP
Key
Yes
Disable
No
Enable with Dynamic WEP
Key
Yes
Enable without Dynamic WEP
Key
Yes
Disable
WPA
TKIP
No
Enable
WPA-PSK
TKIP
Yes
Enable
WPA2
AES
No
Enable
WPA2-PSK
AES
Yes
Enable
NBG-417N User’s Guide
APPENDIX
Services
The following table lists some commonly-used services and their associated
protocols and port numbers.
• Name: This is a short, descriptive name for the service. You can use this one or
create a different one, if you like.
• Protocol: This is the type of IP protocol used by the service. If this is TCP/
UDP, then the service uses the same port number with TCP and UDP. If this is
User-Defined, the Port(s) is the IP protocol number, not the port number.
• Port(s): This value depends on the Protocol.
• If the Protocol is TCP, UDP, or TCP/UDP, this is the IP port number.
• If the Protocol is USER, this is the IP protocol number.
• Description: This is a brief explanation of the applications that use this service
or the situations in which this service is used.
Table 81 Examples of Services
NAME
PROTOCOL
PORT(S)
DESCRIPTION
AH
(IPSEC_TUNNEL)
User-Defined
51
The IPSEC AH (Authentication Header)
tunneling protocol uses this service.
AIM
TCP
5190
AOL’s Internet Messenger service.
AUTH
TCP
113
Authentication protocol used by some
servers.
BGP
TCP
179
Border Gateway Protocol.
BOOTP_CLIENT
UDP
68
DHCP Client.
BOOTP_SERVER
UDP
67
DHCP Server.
CU-SEEME
TCP/UDP
7648
TCP/UDP
24032
A popular videoconferencing solution
from White Pines Software.
DNS
TCP/UDP
53
Domain Name Server, a service that
matches web names (e.g.
www.zyxel.com) to IP numbers.
ESP
(IPSEC_TUNNEL)
User-Defined
50
The IPSEC ESP (Encapsulation
Security Protocol) tunneling protocol
uses this service.
FINGER
TCP
79
Finger is a UNIX or Internet related
command that can be used to find out
if a user is logged on.
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257
Appendix F Services
Table 81 Examples of Services (continued)
258
NAME
PROTOCOL
PORT(S)
DESCRIPTION
FTP
TCP
20
TCP
21
File Transfer Program, a program to
enable fast transfer of files, including
large files that may not be possible by
e-mail.
H.323
TCP
1720
NetMeeting uses this protocol.
HTTP
TCP
80
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol - a client/
server protocol for the world wide
web.
HTTPS
TCP
443
HTTPS is a secured http session often
used in e-commerce.
ICMP
User-Defined
Internet Control Message Protocol is
often used for diagnostic purposes.
ICQ
UDP
4000
This is a popular Internet chat
program.
IGMP
(MULTICAST)
User-Defined
Internet Group Multicast Protocol is
used when sending packets to a
specific group of hosts.
IKE
UDP
500
The Internet Key Exchange algorithm
is used for key distribution and
management.
IMAP4
TCP
143
The Internet Message Access Protocol
is used for e-mail.
IMAP4S
TCP
993
This is a more secure version of IMAP4
that runs over SSL.
IRC
TCP/UDP
6667
This is another popular Internet chat
program.
MSN Messenger
TCP
1863
Microsoft Networks’ messenger
service uses this protocol.
NetBIOS
TCP/UDP
137
TCP/UDP
138
The Network Basic Input/Output
System is used for communication
between computers in a LAN.
TCP/UDP
139
TCP/UDP
445
NEW-ICQ
TCP
5190
An Internet chat program.
NEWS
TCP
144
A protocol for news groups.
NFS
UDP
2049
Network File System - NFS is a client/
server distributed file service that
provides transparent file sharing for
network environments.
NNTP
TCP
119
Network News Transport Protocol is
the delivery mechanism for the
USENET newsgroup service.
PING
User-Defined
Packet INternet Groper is a protocol
that sends out ICMP echo requests to
test whether or not a remote host is
reachable.
NBG-417N User’s Guide
Appendix F Services
Table 81 Examples of Services (continued)
NAME
PROTOCOL
PORT(S)
DESCRIPTION
POP3
TCP
110
Post Office Protocol version 3 lets a
client computer get e-mail from a
POP3 server through a temporary
connection (TCP/IP or other).
POP3S
TCP
995
This is a more secure version of POP3
that runs over SSL.
PPTP
TCP
1723
Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol
enables secure transfer of data over
public networks. This is the control
channel.
PPTP_TUNNEL
(GRE)
User-Defined
47
PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling
Protocol) enables secure transfer of
data over public networks. This is the
data channel.
RCMD
TCP
512
Remote Command Service.
REAL_AUDIO
TCP
7070
A streaming audio service that
enables real time sound over the web.
REXEC
TCP
514
Remote Execution Daemon.
RLOGIN
TCP
513
Remote Login.
ROADRUNNER
TCP/UDP
1026
This is an ISP that provides services
mainly for cable modems.
RTELNET
TCP
107
Remote Telnet.
RTSP
TCP/UDP
554
The Real Time Streaming (media
control) Protocol (RTSP) is a remote
control for multimedia on the
Internet.
SFTP
TCP
115
The Simple File Transfer Protocol is an
old way of transferring files between
computers.
SMTP
TCP
25
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is the
message-exchange standard for the
Internet. SMTP enables you to move
messages from one e-mail server to
another.
SMTPS
TCP
465
This is a more secure version of SMTP
that runs over SSL.
SNMP
TCP/UDP
161
Simple Network Management
Program.
SNMP-TRAPS
TCP/UDP
162
Traps for use with the SNMP
(RFC:1215).
SQL-NET
TCP
1521
Structured Query Language is an
interface to access data on many
different types of database systems,
including mainframes, midrange
systems, UNIX systems and network
servers.
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Appendix F Services
Table 81 Examples of Services (continued)
260
NAME
PROTOCOL
PORT(S)
DESCRIPTION
SSDP
UDP
1900
The Simple Service Discovery Protocol
supports Universal Plug-and-Play
(UPnP).
SSH
TCP/UDP
22
Secure Shell Remote Login Program.
STRM WORKS
UDP
1558
Stream Works Protocol.
SYSLOG
UDP
514
Syslog allows you to send system logs
to a UNIX server.
TACACS
UDP
49
Login Host Protocol used for (Terminal
Access Controller Access Control
System).
TELNET
TCP
23
Telnet is the login and terminal
emulation protocol common on the
Internet and in UNIX environments. It
operates over TCP/IP networks. Its
primary function is to allow users to
log into remote host systems.
TFTP
UDP
69
Trivial File Transfer Protocol is an
Internet file transfer protocol similar
to FTP, but uses the UDP (User
Datagram Protocol) rather than TCP
(Transmission Control Protocol).
VDOLIVE
TCP
7000
UDP
userdefined
A videoconferencing solution. The UDP
port number is specified in the
application.
NBG-417N User’s Guide
APPENDIX
Legal Information
Copyright
Copyright © 2009 by ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
The contents of this publication may not be reproduced in any part or as a whole,
transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, translated into any language, or
transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic,
optical, chemical, photocopying, manual, or otherwise, without the prior written
permission of ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
Published by ZyXEL Communications Corporation. All rights reserved.
Disclaimer
ZyXEL does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any
products, or software described herein. Neither does it convey any license under
its patent rights nor the patent rights of others. ZyXEL further reserves the right
to make changes in any products described herein without notice. This publication
is subject to change without notice.
Trademarks
ZyNOS (ZyXEL Network Operating System) is a registered trademark of ZyXEL
Communications, Inc. Other trademarks mentioned in this publication are used for
identification purposes only and may be properties of their respective owners.
Certifications
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Interference Statement
The device complies with Part 15 of FCC rules. Operation is subject to the
following two conditions:
• This device may not cause harmful interference.
NBG-417N User’s Guide
261
Appendix G Legal Information
• This device must accept any interference received, including interference that
may cause undesired operations.
This device has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B
digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to
provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential
installation. This device generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy,
and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause
harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee
that interference will not occur in a particular installation.
If this device does cause harmful interference to radio/television reception, which
can be determined by turning the device off and on, the user is encouraged to try
to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:
Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver.
Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the
receiver is connected.
Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
FCC Radiation Exposure Statement
• This transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any
other antenna or transmitter.
• IEEE 802.11b or 802.11g operation of this product in the U.S.A. is firmwarelimited to channels 1 through 11.
• To comply with FCC RF exposure compliance requirements, a separation
distance of at least 20 cm must be maintained between the antenna of this
device and all persons.
Industry Canada Statement
This device complies with RSS-210 of the Industry Canada Rules. Operation is
subject to the following two conditions:
262
this device may not cause interference and
this device must accept any interference, including interference that may cause
undesired operation of the device
NBG-417N User’s Guide
Appendix G Legal Information
This device has been designed to operate with an antenna having a maximum
gain of 2dBi.
Antenna having a higher gain is strictly prohibited per regulations of Industry
Canada. The required antenna impedance is 50 ohms.
To reduce potential radio interference to other users, the antenna type and its gain
should be so chosen that the EIRP is not more than required for successful
communication.
IMPORTANT NOTE:
IC Radiation Exposure Statement:
This equipment complies with IC radiation exposure limits set forth for an
uncontrolled environment. This equipment should be installed and operated with
minimum distance 20cm between the radiator & your body.
Notices
Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for
compliance could void the user's authority to operate the equipment.
This device has been designed for the WLAN 2.4 GHz network throughout the EC
region and Switzerland, with restrictions in France.
This Class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.
Cet appareil numérique de la classe B est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du
Canada.
NBG-417N User’s Guide
263
Appendix G Legal Information
Viewing Certifications
Go to http://www.zyxel.com.
Select your product on the ZyXEL home page to go to that product's page.
Select the certification you wish to view from this page.
ZyXEL Limited Warranty
ZyXEL warrants to the original end user (purchaser) that this product is free from
any defects in materials or workmanship for a period of up to two years from the
date of purchase. During the warranty period, and upon proof of purchase, should
the product have indications of failure due to faulty workmanship and/or
materials, ZyXEL will, at its discretion, repair or replace the defective products or
components without charge for either parts or labor, and to whatever extent it
shall deem necessary to restore the product or components to proper operating
condition. Any replacement will consist of a new or re-manufactured functionally
equivalent product of equal or higher value, and will be solely at the discretion of
ZyXEL. This warranty shall not apply if the product has been modified, misused,
tampered with, damaged by an act of God, or subjected to abnormal working
conditions.
Note
Repair or replacement, as provided under this warranty, is the exclusive remedy of
the purchaser. This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties, express or implied,
including any implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular use or
purpose. ZyXEL shall in no event be held liable for indirect or consequential
damages of any kind to the purchaser.
To obtain the services of this warranty, contact your vendor. You may also refer to
the warranty policy for the region in which you bought the device at http://
www.zyxel.com/web/support_warranty_info.php.
Registration
Register your product online to receive e-mail notices of firmware upgrades and
information at www.zyxel.com for global products, or at www.us.zyxel.com for
North American products.
264
NBG-417N User’s Guide
Index
Index
Address Assignment 92
Alert 181
alternative subnet mask notation 220
AP 21
AP (Access Point) 247
AP Mode
menu 56
overview 53
status screen 54
AP+Bridge 21
Auto-bridge 102
Backup configuration 186
Bandwidth management
application-based 147
overview 147
priority 153
services 154
subnet-based 147
BitTorrent 154
Bridge/Repeater 21
BSS 245
CA 252
Certificate Authority 252
certifications 261
notices 263
viewing 264
Channel 31, 55, 247
Interference 247
channel 72
Configuration
NBG-417N User’s Guide
backup 186
reset the factory defaults 188
restore 187
content filtering 135
by keyword (in URL) 136
by web feature 136
copyright 261
CPU usage 31, 55
CTS (Clear to Send) 248
Daylight saving 178
DDNS 123
see also Dynamic DNS
service providers 124
DHCP 34, 107
DHCP server
see also Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
DHCP client information 110
DHCP client list 110
DHCP server 104, 107
DHCP table 34, 110
DHCP client information
DHCP status
Dimensions 205
disclaimer 261
DNS 49, 109
DNS server
see also Domain name system
DNS Server 92
DNS server 109
Domain name 41
vs host name. see also system name
Domain Name System 109
Domain Name System. See DNS.
duplex setting 32, 56
Dynamic DNS 123
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol 107
265
Index
Dynamic WEP Key Exchange 252
DynDNS 124
DynDNS see also DDNS 124
gateway 145
DynDNS Wildcard 123
General wireless LAN screen 75
EAP Authentication 251
Hidden Node 247
e-mail 86
HTTP 154
Encryption 253
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol 154
encryption 74
and local (user) database 74
key 75
WPA compatible 74
ESS 246
ESSID 200
Extended Service Set 246
Extended wireless security 43
Factory LAN defaults 104, 107
FCC interference statement 261
File Transfer Program 154
Firewall 130
Firewall overview
guidelines 131
ICMP packets 132
network security
Stateful inspection 130
ZyXEL device firewall 130
firewall
stateful inspection 129
Firmware upload 183
file extension
using HTTP
firmware version 31, 55
Fragmentation Threshold 249
IANA 226
IBSS 245
IEEE 802.11g 249
IGMP 93
see also Internet Group Multicast Protocol
version
IGMP version 93
Independent Basic Service Set 245
Install UPnP 162
Windows Me 162
Windows XP 163
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
See IANA
Internet connection
Ethernet
PPPoE. see also PPP over Ethernet
PPTP
WAN connection
Internet connection wizard 43
Internet Group Multicast Protocol 93
IP Address 105, 117
IP address 48
dynamic
IP Pool 108
FTP. see also File Transfer Program 154
LAN 103
266
NBG-417N User’s Guide
Index
server 115
server sets 120
IP pool setup 104
LAN overview 103
LAN setup 103
LAN TCP/IP 104
Language 193
Link type 32, 55
local (user) database 73
and encryption 74
Local Area Network 103
NAT traversal 159
Navigation Panel 32, 56
navigation panel 32, 56
NetBIOS 94
see also Network Basic Input/Output System
94
Network Address Translation 113, 116
Log 182
MAC 80
MAC address 73, 93
cloning 51, 93
MAC address filter 73
MAC address filtering 80
MAC filter 80
managing the device
good habits 22
using the web configurator. See web
configurator.
using the WPS. See WPS.
MBSSID 21
Media access control 80
Memory usage 32, 55
Metric 146
mode 21
Multicast 93
IGMP 93
NAT 113, 116, 225
global 114
how it works 115
inside 114
local 114
outside 114
overview 113
port forwarding 120
see also Network Address Translation
NBG-417N User’s Guide
Operating Channel 31, 55
operating mode 21
P2P 154
peer-to-peer 154
Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet 44, 96
Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol 46, 98
Pool Size 108
Port forwarding 117, 120
default server 120
example 120
local server 117
port numbers
services
port speed 32, 56
Power Specification 205
PPPoE 44, 96
benefits 45
dial-up connection
see also Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet
44
PPTP 46, 98
see also Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol 46
Preamble Mode 249
product registration 264
267
Index
SIP 154
Quality of Service (QoS) 83
stateful inspection firewall 129
SSID 31, 55, 72, 76
Static DHCP 108
Static Route 144
Status 30
subnet 217
RADIUS 250
Shared Secret Key 251
Subnet Mask 105
RADIUS Message Types 251
subnetting 221
RADIUS Messages 251
Summary
DHCP table 34
Packet statistics 35
Wireless station status 36
RADIUS server 73
registration
product 264
related documentation 3
Remote management 155
and NAT 156
and the firewall 155
limitations 155
remote management session 155
system timeout 156
Reset button 29, 188
subnet mask 49, 218
syntax conventions 5
Sys Op Mode 189
System General Setup 175
System Name 176
System name 40
vs computer name
System restart 188
Reset the device 29
Restore configuration 187
RF (Radio Frequency) 206
Roaming 82
RTS (Request To Send) 248
RTS Threshold 247, 248
RTS/CTS Threshold 72, 82
TCP/IP configuration 107
Temperature 205
Time setting 177
trademarks 261
trigger port 121
Trigger port forwarding 121
example 122
process 122
safety warnings 7
Scheduling 88
Security Parameters 256
Service and port numbers 154
Service Set 76
Service Set IDentification 76
Service Set IDentity. See SSID.
services
and port numbers 257
and protocols 257
Session Initiated Protocol 154
268
Universal Plug and Play 159
application 160
UPnP 159
forum 160
security issues 160
URL Keyword Blocking 137
Use Authentication 254
NBG-417N User’s Guide
Index
user authentication 73
local (user) database 73
RADIUS server 73
security 72
SSID 72
User Name 124
Wireless security 72
overview 72
type 72
Wireless tutorial 53, 61
WPS 61
wireless security 200
VoIP 154
VPN 98
WAN
IP address assignment 48
Wizard setup 39
complete 52
Internet connection 43
system information 40
wireless LAN 42
WLAN
Interference 247
Security Parameters 256
World Wide Web 154
WAN (Wide Area Network) 91
WPA compatible 74
WAN advanced 101
WPA, WPA2 253
WAN IP address 48
WPS 22
WAN IP address assignment 50
WWW 86, 154
WAN MAC address 93
warranty 264
note 264
Web Configurator
how to access 27
Overview 27
Web configurator
navigating 29
web configurator 22
WEP Encryption 78
WEP encryption 77
Xbox Live 154
ZyNOS 31, 55
WEP key 77
Wildcard 123
Wireless association list 36
wireless channel 200
wireless LAN 200
wireless LAN scheduling 88
Wireless LAN wizard 42
Wireless network
basic guidelines 72
channel 72
encryption 74
example 71
MAC address filter 73
overview 71
NBG-417N User’s Guide
269
Index
270
NBG-417N User’s Guide
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