ZyXEL Communications NWD310N Wireless LAN PCI card User Manual SMG 700 User s Guide V1 00 Nov 2004

ZyXEL Communications Corporation Wireless LAN PCI card SMG 700 User s Guide V1 00 Nov 2004

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Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressNWD310N User’s Guide 915Right-click Local Area Connection and then click Properties."During this procedure, click Continue whenever Windows displays a screen saying that it needs your permission to continue.Figure 67 Windows Vista: Network and Sharing Center6Select Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) and click Properties.Figure 68 Windows Vista: Local Area Connection Properties

Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressNWD310N User’s Guide927The Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties window opens (the General tab).• If you have a dynamic IP address click Obtain an IP address automatically.• If you have a static IP address click Use the following IP address and fill in the IP address, Subnet mask, and Default gateway fields. • Click Advanced.Figure 69 Windows Vista: Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties8 If you do not know your gateway's IP address, remove any previously installed gateways in the IP Settings tab and click OK.Do one or more of the following if you want to configure additional IP addresses:•In the IP Settings tab, in IP addresses, click Add.•In TCP/IP Address, type an IP address in IP address and a subnet mask in Subnet mask, and then click Add.• Repeat the above two steps for each IP address you want to add.• Configure additional default gateways in the IP Settings tab by clicking Add in Default gateways.•In TCP/IP Gateway Address, type the IP address of the default gateway in Gateway. To manually configure a default metric (the number of transmission hops), clear the Automatic metric check box and type a metric in Metric.• Click Add. • Repeat the previous three steps for each default gateway you want to add.• Click OK when finished.

Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressNWD310N User’s Guide 93Figure 70 Windows Vista: Advanced TCP/IP Properties9In the Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties window, (the General tab):• Click Obtain DNS server address automatically if you do not know your DNS server IP address(es).• If you know your DNS server IP address(es), click Use the following DNS server addresses, and type them in the Preferred DNS server and Alternate DNS server fields. If you have previously configured DNS servers, click Advanced and then the DNS tab to order them.

Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressNWD310N User’s Guide94Figure 71 Windows Vista: Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties10 Click OK to close the Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties window.11 Click Close to close the Local Area Connection Properties window.12 Close the Network Connections window.13 Turn on your NWD310N and restart your computer (if prompted).Verifying Settings1Click Start, All Programs, Accessories and then Command Prompt.2In the Command Prompt window, type "ipconfig" and then press [ENTER]. You can also open Network Connections, right-click a network connection, click Status and then click the Support tab.Macintosh OS 8/9 1Click the Apple menu, Control Panel and double-click TCP/IP to open the TCP/IP Control Panel.

Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressNWD310N User’s Guide 95Figure 72 Macintosh OS 8/9: Apple Menu2Select Ethernet built-in from the Connect via list.Figure 73 Macintosh OS 8/9: TCP/IP3For dynamically assigned settings, select Using DHCP Server from the Configure: list.4For statically assigned settings, do the following:•From the Configure box, select Manually.

Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressNWD310N User’s Guide96• Type your IP address in the IP Address box.• Type your subnet mask in the Subnet mask box.• Type the IP address of your NWD310N in the Router address box.5Close the TCP/IP Control Panel.6Click Save if prompted, to save changes to your configuration.7Turn on your NWD310N and restart your computer (if prompted).Verifying SettingsCheck your TCP/IP properties in the TCP/IP Control Panel window.Macintosh OS X1Click the Apple menu, and click System Preferences to open the System Preferences window.Figure 74 Macintosh OS X: Apple Menu2Click Network in the icon bar. • Select Automatic from the Location list.• Select Built-in Ethernet from the Show list. • Click the TCP/IP tab.3For dynamically assigned settings, select Using DHCP from the Configure list.

Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressNWD310N User’s Guide 97Figure 75 Macintosh OS X: Network4For statically assigned settings, do the following:•From the Configure box, select Manually.• Type your IP address in the IP Address box.• Type your subnet mask in the Subnet mask box.• Type the IP address of your NWD310N in the Router address box.5Click Apply Now and close the window.6Turn on your NWD310N and restart your computer (if prompted).Verifying SettingsCheck your TCP/IP properties in the Network window.Linux This section shows you how to configure your computer’s TCP/IP settings in Red Hat Linux 9.0. Procedure, screens and file location may vary depending on your Linux distribution and release version.

Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressNWD310N User’s Guide 99• If you have a dynamic IP address, click Automatically obtain IP address settings with and select dhcp from the drop down list. • If you have a static IP address, click Statically set IP Addresses and fill in the Address, Subnet mask, and Default Gateway Address fields. 3Click OK to save the changes and close the Ethernet Device General screen. 4If you know your DNS server IP address(es), click the DNS tab in the Network Configuration screen. Enter the DNS server information in the fields provided. Figure 78 Red Hat 9.0: KDE: Network Configuration: DNS 5Click the Devices tab. 6Click the Activate button to apply the changes. The following screen displays. Click Yes to save the changes in all screens.Figure 79 Red Hat 9.0: KDE: Network Configuration: Activate 7After the network card restart process is complete, make sure the Status is Active in the Network Configuration screen.Using Configuration FilesFollow the steps below to edit the network configuration files and set your computer IP address. 1Assuming that you have only one network card on the computer, locate the ifconfig-eth0 configuration file (where eth0 is the name of the Ethernet card). Open the configuration file with any plain text editor.• If you have a dynamic IP address, enter dhcp in the BOOTPROTO= field. The following figure shows an example.

Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressNWD310N User’s Guide100Figure 80 Red Hat 9.0: Dynamic IP Address Setting in ifconfig-eth0 • If you have a static IP address, enter static in the BOOTPROTO= field. Type IPADDR= followed by the IP address (in dotted decimal notation) and type NETMASK= followed by the subnet mask. The following example shows an example where the static IP address is 192.168.1.10 and the subnet mask is 255.255.255.0. Figure 81 Red Hat 9.0: Static IP Address Setting in ifconfig-eth0 2If you know your DNS server IP address(es), enter the DNS server information in the resolv.conf file in the /etc directory. The following figure shows an example where two DNS server IP addresses are specified.Figure 82 Red Hat 9.0: DNS Settings in resolv.conf 3After you edit and save the configuration files, you must restart the network card. Enter ./network restart in the /etc/rc.d/init.d directory. The following figure shows an example.Figure 83 Red Hat 9.0: Restart Ethernet Card DEVICE=eth0ONBOOT=yesBOOTPROTO=dhcpUSERCTL=noPEERDNS=yesTYPE=EthernetDEVICE=eth0ONBOOT=yesBOOTPROTO=staticIPADDR=192.168.1.10NETMASK=255.255.255.0USERCTL=noPEERDNS=yesTYPE=Ethernetnameserver 172.23.5.1nameserver 172.23.5.2[root@localhost init.d]# network restartShutting down interface eth0: [OK]Shutting down loopback interface: [OK]Setting network parameters: [OK]Bringing up loopback interface: [OK]Bringing up interface eth0: [OK]

Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressNWD310N User’s Guide 101Verifying SettingsEnter ifconfig in a terminal screen to check your TCP/IP properties. Figure 84 Red Hat 9.0: Checking TCP/IP Properties [root@localhost]# ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:50:BA:72:5B:44 inet addr:172.23.19.129 Bcast:172.23.19.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:717 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:13 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:100 RX bytes:730412 (713.2 Kb) TX bytes:1570 (1.5 Kb) Interrupt:10 Base address:0x1000 [root@localhost]#

Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP AddressNWD310N User’s Guide102

NWD310N User’s Guide 103APPENDIX B Wireless LANsWireless LAN TopologiesThis section discusses ad-hoc and infrastructure wireless LAN topologies.Ad-hoc Wireless LAN ConfigurationThe simplest WLAN configuration is an independent (Ad-hoc) WLAN that connects a set of computers with wireless adapters (A, B, C). Any time two or more wireless adapters are within range of each other, they can set up an independent network, which is commonly referred to as an ad-hoc network or Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS). The following diagram shows an example of notebook computers using wireless adapters to form an ad-hoc wireless LAN. Figure 85 Peer-to-Peer Communication in an Ad-hoc NetworkBSSA Basic Service Set (BSS) exists when all communications between wireless clients or between a wireless client and a wired network client go through one access point (AP). Intra-BSS traffic is traffic between wireless clients in the BSS. When Intra-BSS is enabled, wireless client A and B can access the wired network and communicate with each other. When Intra-BSS is disabled, wireless client A and B can still access the wired network but cannot communicate with each other.

Appendix B Wireless LANsNWD310N User’s Guide104Figure 86 Basic Service SetESSAn Extended Service Set (ESS) consists of a series of overlapping BSSs, each containing an access point, with each access point connected together by a wired network. This wired connection between APs is called a Distribution System (DS).This type of wireless LAN topology is called an Infrastructure WLAN. The Access Points not only provide communication with the wired network but also mediate wireless network traffic in the immediate neighborhood. An ESSID (ESS IDentification) uniquely identifies each ESS. All access points and their associated wireless clients within the same ESS must have the same ESSID in order to communicate.

Appendix B Wireless LANsNWD310N User’s Guide 105Figure 87 Infrastructure WLANChannelA channel is the radio frequency(ies) used by wireless devices to transmit and receive data. Channels available depend on your geographical area. You may have a choice of channels (for your region) so you should use a channel different from an adjacent AP (access point) to reduce interference. Interference occurs when radio signals from different access points overlap causing interference and degrading performance.Adjacent channels partially overlap however. To avoid interference due to overlap, your AP should be on a channel at least five channels away from a channel that an adjacent AP is using. For example, if your region has 11 channels and an adjacent AP is using channel 1, then you need to select a channel between 6 or 11.RTS/CTSA hidden node occurs when two stations are within range of the same access point, but are not within range of each other. The following figure illustrates a hidden node. Both stations (STA) are within range of the access point (AP) or wireless gateway, but out-of-range of each other, so they cannot "hear" each other, that is they do not know if the channel is currently being used. Therefore, they are considered hidden from each other.

Appendix B Wireless LANsNWD310N User’s Guide106Figure 88 RTS/CTSWhen station A sends data to the AP, it might not know that the station B is already using the channel. If these two stations send data at the same time, collisions may occur when both sets of data arrive at the AP at the same time, resulting in a loss of messages for both stations.RTS/CTS is designed to prevent collisions due to hidden nodes. An RTS/CTS defines the biggest size data frame you can send before an RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake is invoked.When a data frame exceeds the RTS/CTS value you set (between 0 to 2432 bytes), the station that wants to transmit this frame must first send an RTS (Request To Send) message to the AP for permission to send it. The AP then responds with a CTS (Clear to Send) message to all other stations within its range to notify them to defer their transmission. It also reserves and confirms with the requesting station the time frame for the requested transmission.Stations can send frames smaller than the specified RTS/CTS directly to the AP without the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake. You should only configure RTS/CTS if the possibility of hidden nodes exists on your network and the "cost" of resending large frames is more than the extra network overhead involved in the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake. If the RTS/CTS value is greater than the Fragmentation Threshold value (see next), then the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake will never occur as data frames will be fragmented before they reach RTS/CTS size. "Enabling the RTS Threshold causes redundant network overhead that could negatively affect the throughput performance instead of providing a remedy.Fragmentation ThresholdA Fragmentation Threshold is the maximum data fragment size (between 256 and 2432 bytes) that can be sent in the wireless network before the AP will fragment the packet into smaller data frames.A large Fragmentation Threshold is recommended for networks not prone to interference while you should set a smaller threshold for busy networks or networks that are prone to interference.

Appendix B Wireless LANsNWD310N User’s Guide 107If the Fragmentation Threshold value is smaller than the RTS/CTS value (see previously) you set then the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake will never occur as data frames will be fragmented before they reach RTS/CTS size.Preamble TypePreamble is used to signal that data is coming to the receiver. Short and long refer to the length of the synchronization field in a packet.Short preamble increases performance as less time sending preamble means more time for sending data. All IEEE 802.11 compliant wireless adapters support long preamble, but not all support short preamble. Use long preamble if you are unsure what preamble mode other wireless devices on the network support, and to provide more reliable communications in busy wireless networks. Use short preamble if you are sure all wireless devices on the network support it, and to provide more efficient communications.Use the dynamic setting to automatically use short preamble when all wireless devices on the network support it, otherwise the NWD310N uses long preamble."The wireless devices MUST use the same preamble mode in order to communicate.IEEE 802.11g Wireless LANIEEE 802.11g is fully compatible with the IEEE 802.11b standard. This means an IEEE 802.11b adapter can interface directly with an IEEE 802.11g access point (and vice versa) at 11 Mbps or lower depending on range. IEEE 802.11g has several intermediate rate steps between the maximum and minimum data rates. The IEEE 802.11g data rate and modulation are as follows:Wireless Security OverviewWireless security is vital to your network to protect wireless communication between wireless clients, access points and the wired network.Table 22 IEEE 802.11gDATA RATE (MBPS) MODULATION1 DBPSK (Differential Binary Phase Shift Keyed)2 DQPSK (Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying)5.5 / 11 CCK (Complementary Code Keying) 6/9/12/18/24/36/48/54 OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)

Appendix B Wireless LANsNWD310N User’s Guide 109Determines the network services available to authenticated users once they are connected to the network.• AccountingKeeps track of the client’s network activity. RADIUS is a simple package exchange in which your AP acts as a message relay between the wireless client and the network RADIUS server. Types of RADIUS MessagesThe following types of RADIUS messages are exchanged between the access point and the RADIUS server for user authentication:• Access-RequestSent by an access point requesting authentication.• Access-RejectSent by a RADIUS server rejecting access.• Access-AcceptSent by a RADIUS server allowing access. • Access-ChallengeSent by a RADIUS server requesting more information in order to allow access. The access point sends a proper response from the user and then sends another Access-Request message. The following types of RADIUS messages are exchanged between the access point and the RADIUS server for user accounting:• Accounting-RequestSent by the access point requesting accounting.• Accounting-ResponseSent by the RADIUS server to indicate that it has started or stopped accounting. In order to ensure network security, the access point and the RADIUS server use a shared secret key, which is a password, they both know. The key is not sent over the network. In addition to the shared key, password information exchanged is also encrypted to protect the network from unauthorized access. Types of EAP Authentication This section discusses some popular authentication types: EAP-MD5, EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS, PEAP and LEAP. Your wireless LAN device may not support all authentication types. EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) is an authentication protocol that runs on top of the IEEE 802.1x transport mechanism in order to support multiple types of user authentication. By using EAP to interact with an EAP-compatible RADIUS server, an access point helps a wireless station and a RADIUS server perform authentication. The type of authentication you use depends on the RADIUS server and an intermediary AP(s) that supports IEEE 802.1x. .

Appendix B Wireless LANsNWD310N User’s Guide110For EAP-TLS authentication type, you must first have a wired connection to the network and obtain the certificate(s) from a certificate authority (CA). A certificate (also called digital IDs) can be used to authenticate users and a CA issues certificates and guarantees the identity of each certificate owner.EAP-MD5 (Message-Digest Algorithm 5)MD5 authentication is the simplest one-way authentication method. The authentication server sends a challenge to the wireless client. The wireless client ‘proves’ that it knows the password by encrypting the password with the challenge and sends back the information. Password is not sent in plain text. However, MD5 authentication has some weaknesses. Since the authentication server needs to get the plaintext passwords, the passwords must be stored. Thus someone other than the authentication server may access the password file. In addition, it is possible to impersonate an authentication server as MD5 authentication method does not perform mutual authentication. Finally, MD5 authentication method does not support data encryption with dynamic session key. You must configure WEP encryption keys for data encryption. EAP-TLS (Transport Layer Security)With EAP-TLS, digital certifications are needed by both the server and the wireless clients for mutual authentication. The server presents a certificate to the client. After validating the identity of the server, the client sends a different certificate to the server. The exchange of certificates is done in the open before a secured tunnel is created. This makes user identity vulnerable to passive attacks. A digital certificate is an electronic ID card that authenticates the sender’s identity. However, to implement EAP-TLS, you need a Certificate Authority (CA) to handle certificates, which imposes a management overhead. EAP-TTLS (Tunneled Transport Layer Service) EAP-TTLS is an extension of the EAP-TLS authentication that uses certificates for only the server-side authentications to establish a secure connection. Client authentication is then done by sending username and password through the secure connection, thus client identity is protected. For client authentication, EAP-TTLS supports EAP methods and legacy authentication methods such as PAP, CHAP, MS-CHAP and MS-CHAP v2. PEAP (Protected EAP) Like EAP-TTLS, server-side certificate authentication is used to establish a secure connection, then use simple username and password methods through the secured connection to authenticate the clients, thus hiding client identity. However, PEAP only supports EAP methods, such as EAP-MD5, EAP-MSCHAPv2 and EAP-GTC (EAP-Generic Token Card), for client authentication. EAP-GTC is implemented only by Cisco.LEAPLEAP (Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol) is a Cisco implementation of IEEE 802.1x.

Appendix B Wireless LANsNWD310N User’s Guide 111Dynamic WEP Key ExchangeThe AP maps a unique key that is generated with the RADIUS server. This key expires when the wireless connection times out, disconnects or reauthentication times out. A new WEP key is generated each time reauthentication is performed.If this feature is enabled, it is not necessary to configure a default encryption key in the wireless security configuration screen. You may still configure and store keys, but they will not be used while dynamic WEP is enabled."EAP-MD5 cannot be used with Dynamic WEP Key ExchangeFor added security, certificate-based authentications (EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS and PEAP) use dynamic keys for data encryption. They are often deployed in corporate environments, but for public deployment, a simple user name and password pair is more practical. The following table is a comparison of the features of authentication types.WPA and WPA2Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) is a subset of the IEEE 802.11i standard. WPA2 (IEEE 802.11i) is a wireless security standard that defines stronger encryption, authentication and key management than WPA. Key differences between WPA or WPA2 and WEP are improved data encryption and user authentication.If both an AP and the wireless clients support WPA2 and you have an external RADIUS server, use WPA2 for stronger data encryption. If you don't have an external RADIUS server, you should use WPA2-PSK (WPA2-Pre-Shared Key) that only requires a single (identical) password entered into each access point, wireless gateway and wireless client. As long as the passwords match, a wireless client will be granted access to a WLAN. If the AP or the wireless clients do not support WPA2, just use WPA or WPA-PSK depending on whether you have an external RADIUS server or not.Select WEP only when the AP and/or wireless clients do not support WPA or WPA2. WEP is less secure than WPA or WPA2.Table 24 Comparison of EAP Authentication TypesEAP-MD5 EAP-TLS EAP-TTLS PEAP LEAPMutual Authentication No Yes Yes Yes YesCertificate – Client No Yes Optional Optional NoCertificate – Server No Yes Yes Yes NoDynamic Key Exchange No Yes Yes Yes YesCredential Integrity None Strong Strong Strong ModerateDeployment Difficulty Easy Hard Moderate Moderate ModerateClient Identity Protection No No Yes Yes No

Appendix B Wireless LANsNWD310N User’s Guide112Encryption Both WPA and WPA2 improve data encryption by using Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP), Message Integrity Check (MIC) and IEEE 802.1x. WPA and WPA2 use Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) in the Counter mode with Cipher block chaining Message authentication code Protocol (CCMP) to offer stronger encryption than TKIP.TKIP uses 128-bit keys that are dynamically generated and distributed by the authentication server. AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) is a block cipher that uses a 256-bit mathematical algorithm called Rijndael. They both include a per-packet key mixing function, a Message Integrity Check (MIC) named Michael, an extended initialization vector (IV) with sequencing rules, and a re-keying mechanism.WPA and WPA2 regularly change and rotate the encryption keys so that the same encryption key is never used twice. The RADIUS server distributes a Pairwise Master Key (PMK) key to the AP that then sets up a key hierarchy and management system, using the PMK to dynamically generate unique data encryption keys to encrypt every data packet that is wirelessly communicated between the AP and the wireless clients. This all happens in the background automatically.The Message Integrity Check (MIC) is designed to prevent an attacker from capturing data packets, altering them and resending them. The MIC provides a strong mathematical function in which the receiver and the transmitter each compute and then compare the MIC. If they do not match, it is assumed that the data has been tampered with and the packet is dropped. By generating unique data encryption keys for every data packet and by creating an integrity checking mechanism (MIC), with TKIP and AES it is more difficult to decrypt data on a Wi-Fi network than WEP and difficult for an intruder to break into the network. The encryption mechanisms used for WPA(2) and WPA(2)-PSK are the same. The only difference between the two is that WPA(2)-PSK uses a simple common password, instead of user-specific credentials. The common-password approach makes WPA(2)-PSK susceptible to brute-force password-guessing attacks but it’s still an improvement over WEP as it employs a consistent, single, alphanumeric password to derive a PMK which is used to generate unique temporal encryption keys. This prevent all wireless devices sharing the same encryption keys. (a weakness of WEP)User Authentication WPA and WPA2 apply IEEE 802.1x and Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) to authenticate wireless clients using an external RADIUS database. WPA2 reduces the number of key exchange messages from six to four (CCMP 4-way handshake) and shortens the time required to connect to a network. Other WPA2 authentication features that are different from WPA include key caching and pre-authentication. These two features are optional and may not be supported in all wireless devices.Key caching allows a wireless client to store the PMK it derived through a successful authentication with an AP. The wireless client uses the PMK when it tries to connect to the same AP and does not need to go with the authentication process again.Pre-authentication enables fast roaming by allowing the wireless client (already connecting to an AP) to perform IEEE 802.1x authentication with another AP before connecting to it.

Appendix B Wireless LANsNWD310N User’s Guide 113Wireless Client WPA SupplicantsA wireless client supplicant is the software that runs on an operating system instructing the wireless client how to use WPA. At the time of writing, the most widely available supplicant is the WPA patch for Windows XP, Funk Software's Odyssey client. The Windows XP patch is a free download that adds WPA capability to Windows XP's built-in "Zero Configuration" wireless client. However, you must run Windows XP to use it. WPA(2) with RADIUS Application ExampleTo set up WPA(2), you need the IP address of the RADIUS server, its port number (default is 1812), and the RADIUS shared secret. A WPA(2) application example with an external RADIUS server looks as follows. "A" is the RADIUS server. "DS" is the distribution system.1The AP passes the wireless client's authentication request to the RADIUS server.2The RADIUS server then checks the user's identification against its database and grants or denies network access accordingly.3A 256-bit Pairwise Master Key (PMK) is derived from the authentication process by the RADIUS server and the client.4The RADIUS server distributes the PMK to the AP. The AP then sets up a key hierarchy and management system, using the PMK to dynamically generate unique data encryption keys. The keys are used to encrypt every data packet that is wirelessly communicated between the AP and the wireless clients.Figure 89 WPA(2) with RADIUS Application ExampleWPA(2)-PSK Application ExampleA WPA(2)-PSK application looks as follows.1First enter identical passwords into the AP and all wireless clients. The Pre-Shared Key (PSK) must consist of between 8 and 63 ASCII characters or 64 hexadecimal characters (including spaces and symbols).2The AP checks each wireless client's password and allows it to join the network only if the password matches.

Appendix B Wireless LANsNWD310N User’s Guide1143The AP and wireless clients generate a common PMK (Pairwise Master Key). The key itself is not sent over the network, but is derived from the PSK and the SSID. 4The AP and wireless clients use the TKIP or AES encryption process, the PMK and information exchanged in a handshake to create temporal encryption keys. They use these keys to encrypt data exchanged between them.Figure 90 WPA(2)-PSK AuthenticationSecurity Parameters SummaryRefer to this table to see what other security parameters you should configure for each authentication method or key management protocol type. MAC address filters are not dependent on how you configure these security features.Table 25 Wireless Security Relational MatrixAUTHENTICATION METHOD/ KEY MANAGEMENT PROTOCOLENCRYPTION METHODENTER MANUAL KEY IEEE 802.1XOpen None No DisableEnable without Dynamic WEP KeyOpen WEP No Enable with Dynamic WEP KeyYes Enable without Dynamic WEP KeyYes DisableShared WEP No Enable with Dynamic WEP KeyYes Enable without Dynamic WEP KeyYes DisableWPA TKIP/AES No EnableWPA-PSK TKIP/AES Yes DisableWPA2 TKIP/AES No EnableWPA2-PSK TKIP/AES Yes Disable

Appendix B Wireless LANsNWD310N User’s Guide 115Antenna OverviewAn antenna couples RF signals onto air. A transmitter within a wireless device sends an RF signal to the antenna, which propagates the signal through the air. The antenna also operates in reverse by capturing RF signals from the air. Positioning the antennas properly increases the range and coverage area of a wireless LAN. Antenna CharacteristicsFrequencyAn antenna in the frequency of 2.4GHz (IEEE 802.11b and IEEE 802.11g) or 5GHz (IEEE 802.11a) is needed to communicate efficiently in a wireless LANRadiation PatternA radiation pattern is a diagram that allows you to visualize the shape of the antenna’s coverage area. Antenna GainAntenna gain, measured in dB (decibel), is the increase in coverage within the RF beam width. Higher antenna gain improves the range of the signal for better communications. For an indoor site, each 1 dB increase in antenna gain results in a range increase of approximately 2.5%. For an unobstructed outdoor site, each 1dB increase in gain results in a range increase of approximately 5%. Actual results may vary depending on the network environment. Antenna gain is sometimes specified in dBi, which is how much the antenna increases the signal power compared to using an isotropic antenna. An isotropic antenna is a theoretical perfect antenna that sends out radio signals equally well in all directions. dBi represents the true gain that the antenna provides. Types of Antennas for WLANThere are two types of antennas used for wireless LAN applications.• Omni-directional antennas send the RF signal out in all directions on a horizontal plane. The coverage area is torus-shaped (like a donut) which makes these antennas ideal for a room environment. With a wide coverage area, it is possible to make circular overlapping coverage areas with multiple access points. • Directional antennas concentrate the RF signal in a beam, like a flashlight does with the light from its bulb. The angle of the beam determines the width of the coverage pattern. Angles typically range from 20 degrees (very directional) to 120 degrees (less directional). Directional antennas are ideal for hallways and outdoor point-to-point applications.

Appendix B Wireless LANsNWD310N User’s Guide116Positioning AntennasIn general, antennas should be mounted as high as practically possible and free of obstructions. In point-to–point application, position both antennas at the same height and in a direct line of sight to each other to attain the best performance. For omni-directional antennas mounted on a table, desk, and so on, point the antenna up. For omni-directional antennas mounted on a wall or ceiling, point the antenna down. For a single AP application, place omni-directional antennas as close to the center of the coverage area as possible. For directional antennas, point the antenna in the direction of the desired coverage area.

NWD310N User’s Guide 117APPENDIX C Windows Wireless ManagementThis appendix shows you how to manage your NWD310N using the Windows Vista and Windows XP wireless configuration tools.Windows VistaTake the following steps to connect to a wireless network using the Windows Vista wireless configuration tool (WLAN AutoConfig).Connecting to a Wireless Network1In the Windows Vista taskbar, click Start () > Connect To. Figure 91 Vista: Start MenuThe Connect To window displays, showing all available networks.

Appendix C Windows Wireless ManagementNWD310N User’s Guide118Figure 92 Vista: The Connect To WindowThe security status of each wireless network displays, as well as an indication of its signal strength. If you use the mouse pointer to hover over a network’s entry, additional information about the network displays.Figure 93 Vista: Additional Information2Double-click the network’s name to join the network, or select a network and click Connect. "If the network to which you want to connect does not display, see the section on setting up a connection manually on page 120.3If security is enabled, you may be prompted to enter your security key.

Appendix C Windows Wireless ManagementNWD310N User’s Guide 119Figure 94 Vista: Enter Security KeyYour computer tries to connect to the wireless network.Figure 95 Vista: ConnectingIf your computer has connected to the wireless network successfully, the following screen displays.

Appendix C Windows Wireless ManagementNWD310N User’s Guide120Figure 96 Vista: Successful Connection4If you will use this network again, ensure that Save this network is selected. If you save the network, you do not have to configure its settings again.5Select Start this connection automatically if you want Windows to always try to use this network when you start up your computer. If you do not select this (but select Save this network) you can connect manually each time by clicking Start > Connect to and selecting the network’s name from the list.Connecting to a Network ManuallyIf the wireless network to which you want to connect does not appear in the Connect to window (if your network’s SSID is hidden, for example), take the following steps to configure your network connection manually1Click Set up a connection or network at the bottom of the Connect to screen. The following screen displays.

Appendix C Windows Wireless ManagementNWD310N User’s Guide 121Figure 97 Vista: Choose a Connection Option2Click Manually connect to a wireless network. The following screen displays.Figure 98 Vista: Connect ManuallyThe following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 26 Vista: Connect ManuallyLABEL DESCRIPTIONNetwork name Enter your network’s SSID (Service Set IDentifier).Security type Select the type of security used by the network to which you want to connect. The types of available security shown depend on your computer’s wireless client.In this field, WPA(2)-Personal is the same as WPA(2)-PSK, and WPA(2)-Enterprise is the same as WPA(2)

Appendix C Windows Wireless ManagementNWD310N User’s Guide1223When you have finished filling in the fields, click Next. the following screen displays.Figure 99 Vista: Successfully Added Network4If you want to make any changes to the settings you just configured, click Change connection settings. Otherwise, click Connect to.... In the window that displays, double-click the new network’s name to connect to the network.Setting Up An Ad-Hoc Network Take the following steps to set up a wireless connection between two computers in Windows Vista. Encryption type Select the type of encryption used by the network.When you use WEP or 802.1x, WEP displays.When you use a WPA mode (WPA(2)-Personal or WPA(2)-Enterprise) you can choose AES or TKIP (if supported by your computer’s wireless client).Security Key / PassphraseIf your network uses WEP or WPA(2)-Personal security, enter the key here.Display Characters Select this if you do not want the security key characters to be hidden.Start this connection automaticallySelect this box if you always want to try to connect to this network at startup. If you leave this box unchecked, you will need to connect manually each time.Connect even if the network is not broadcastingSelect this box if you always want to try to connect to this network at startup, even if the network is not broadcasting its SSID. The warning in this field refers to the fact that if you do this, your computer sends out probe request packets, which contain the network’s SSID and could be used by an attacker to access the network.Next Click this to save your settings and move on to the next page.Cancel Click this to stop setting up your network.Table 26 Vista: Connect ManuallyLABEL DESCRIPTION

Appendix C Windows Wireless ManagementNWD310N User’s Guide 1231Click Start () > Connect To. In the Connect to screen, click Set up a connection or network. The following screen displays.Figure 100 Vista: Set Up An Ad-hoc Network2Select Set up a wireless ad hoc (computer-to-computer) network and click Next. The following screen displays.Figure 101 Vista: Ad-hoc Options 3Enter the Network name (SSID) you want to use for your network. Select a Security type. If you are not sure what kind of security you want to use, click the Help me choose link.

Appendix C Windows Wireless ManagementNWD310N User’s Guide124"Make sure all the wireless clients on your ad-hoc network can support the type of security you select.4Enter the Security key/Passphrase. Everybody on the network must enter this key in their computer’s wireless client in order to access the network. If you want to see the characters you entered, select the Display characters box. Otherwise, leave it empty (dots display instead of the characters).5If you will use this ad-hoc network again, select the Save this network box. If you do this, the next time you click Start > Connect to, you can select the network from the list.6Click Next. The following screen displays.Figure 102 Vista: Ad-hoc Network Ready 7If you want to share files with other computers on the ad-hoc network, or let other computers use your Internet connection, click the Network and Sharing Center link. Otherwise, click Close.Windows XPBe sure you have the Windows XP service pack 2 installed on your computer. Otherwise, you should at least have the Windows XP service pack 1 already on your computer and download the support patch for WPA from the Microsoft web site.Windows XP SP2 screen shots are shown unless otherwise specified. Click the help icon ( ) in most screens, move the cursor to the item that you want the information about and click to view the help.Activating Wireless Zero Configuration1Click Start, Control Panel and double-click Network Connections.

Appendix C Windows Wireless ManagementNWD310N User’s Guide 1252Double-click on the icon for wireless network connection.3The status window displays as shown below. Click Properties.Figure 103 Windows XP SP1: Wireless Network Connection StatusFigure 104 Windows XP SP2: Wireless Network Connection Status4The Wireless Network Connection Properties screen displays. Click the Wireless Networks tab.Make sure the Use Windows to configure my wireless network settings check box is selected.

Appendix C Windows Wireless ManagementNWD310N User’s Guide126Figure 105 Windows XP SP1: Wireless Network Connection PropertiesFigure 106 Windows XP SP2: Wireless Network Connection PropertiesIf you see the following screen, refer to article 871122 on the Microsoft web site for information on starting WZC.

Appendix C Windows Wireless ManagementNWD310N User’s Guide 127Figure 107 Windows XP SP2: WZC Not AvailableConnecting to a Wireless Network 1Double-click the network icon for wireless connections in the system tray to open the Wireless Network Connection Status screen.Figure 108 Windows XP SP2: System Tray IconThe type of the wireless network icon in Windows XP SP2 indicates the status of the NWD310N. Refer to the following table for details.2Windows XP SP2: In the Wireless Network Connection Status screen, click View Wireless Networks to open the Wireless Network Connection screen.Table 27 Windows XP SP2: System Tray IconICON DESCRIPTIONThe NWD310N is connected to a wireless network.The NWD310N is in the process of connecting to a wireless network.The connection to a wireless network is limited because the network did not assign a network address to the computer.The NWD310N is not connected to a wireless network.

Appendix C Windows Wireless ManagementNWD310N User’s Guide128Figure 109 Windows XP SP2: Wireless Network Connection StatusWindows XP SP1: In the Wireless Network Connection Status screen, click Properties and the Wireless Networks tab to open the Wireless Network Connection Properties screen.Figure 110 Windows XP SP1: Wireless Network Connection Status3Windows XP SP2: Click Refresh network list to reload and search for available wireless devices within transmission range. Select a wireless network in the list and click Connect to join the selected wireless network.

Appendix C Windows Wireless ManagementNWD310N User’s Guide 129Figure 111 Windows XP SP2: Wireless Network ConnectionThe following table describes the icons in the wireless network list.Windows XP SP1: Click Refresh to reload and search for available wireless devices within transmission range. Select a wireless network in the Available networks list, click Configure and set the related fields to the same security settings as the associated AP to add the selected network into the Preferred networks table. Click OK to join the selected wireless network. Refer to the section on security settings (discussed later) for more information. Table 28 Windows XP SP2: Wireless Network ConnectionICON DESCRIPTIONThis denotes that wireless security is activated for the wireless network.This denotes that this wireless network is your preferred network. Ordering your preferred networks is important because the NWD310N tries to associate to the preferred network first in the order that you specify. Refer to the section on ordering the preferred networks for detailed information.This denotes the signal strength of the wireless network.Move your cursor to the icon to see details on the signal strength.

Appendix C Windows Wireless ManagementNWD310N User’s Guide130Figure 112 Windows XP SP1: Wireless Network Connection Properties44.Windows XP SP2: If the wireless security is activated for the selected wireless network, the Wireless Network Connection screen displays. You must set the related fields in the Wireless Network Connection screen to the same security settings as the associated AP and click Connect. Refer to the section about security settings for more information. Otherwise click Cancel and connect to another wireless network without data encryption. If there is no security activated for the selected wireless network, a warning screen appears. Click Connect Anyway if wireless security is not your concern.Figure 113 Windows XP SP2: Wireless Network Connection: WEP or WPA-PSK

Appendix C Windows Wireless ManagementNWD310N User’s Guide 131Figure 114 Windows XP SP2: Wireless Network Connection: No Security5Verify that you have successfully connected to the selected network and check the connection status in the wireless network list or the connection icon in the Preferred networks or Available networks list.The following table describes the connection icons.Security SettingsWhen you configure the NWD310N to connect to a secure network but the security settings are not yet enabled on the NWD310N, you will see different screens according to the authentication and encryption methods used by the selected network.AssociationSelect a network in the Preferred networks list and click Properties to view or configure security.Figure 115 Windows XP: Wireless (network) properties: AssociationTable 29 Windows XP: Wireless NetworksICON DESCRIPTIONThis denotes the wireless network is an available wireless network.This denotes the NWD310N is associated to the wireless network.This denotes the wireless network is not available.

Appendix C Windows Wireless ManagementNWD310N User’s Guide132The following table describes the labels in this screen.AuthenticationClick the Authentication tab in the Wireless (network) properties screen to display the screen shown next. The fields on this screen are grayed out when the network is in Ad-Hoc mode or data encryption is disabled.Table 30 Windows XP: Wireless (network) properties: AssociationLABEL DESCRIPTIONNetwork name (SSID) This field displays the SSID (Service Set IDentifier) of each wireless network.Network AuthenticationThis field automatically shows the authentication method (Share, Open, WPA or WPA-PSK) used by the selected network. Data Encryption This field automatically shows the encryption type (TKIP, WEP or Disable) used by the selected network. Network Key Enter the pre-shared key or WEP key.The values for the keys must be set up exactly the same on all wireless devices in the same wireless LAN.Confirm network keyEnter the key again for confirmation.Key index (advanced)Select a default WEP key to use for data encryption.This field is available only when the network use WEP encryption method and the The key is provided for me automatically check box is not selected.The key is provided for me automaticallyIf this check box is selected, the wireless AP assigns the NWD310N a key.This is a computer-to-computer (ad hoc) network; wireless access points are not usedIf this check box is selected, you are connecting to another computer directly.OK Click OK to save your changes.Cancel Click Cancel to leave this screen without saving any changes you may have made.

Appendix C Windows Wireless ManagementNWD310N User’s Guide 133Figure 116 Windows XP: Wireless (network) properties: AuthenticationThe following table describes the labels in this screen.Authentication PropertiesSelect an EAP authentication type in the Wireless (network) properties: Authentication screen and click the Properties button to display the following screen. Table 31 Windows XP: Wireless (network) properties: AuthenticationLABEL DESCRIPTIONEnable IEEE 802.1x authentication for this networkThis field displays whether the IEEE 802.1x authentication is active.If the network authentication is set to Open in the previous screen, you can choose to disable or enable this feature.EAP Type Select the type of EAP authentication. Options are Protected EAP (PEAP) and Smart Card or other Certificate. Properties Click this button to open the properties screen and configure certificates. The screen varies depending on what you select in the EAP type field.Authenticate as computer when computer information is availableSelect this check box to have the computer send its information to the network for authentication when a user is not logged on.Authenticate as guest when user or computer information is unavailableSelect this check box to have the computer access to the network as a guest when a user is not logged on or computer information is not available.OK Click OK to save your changes.Cancel Click Cancel to leave this screen without saving any changes you may have made.

Appendix C Windows Wireless ManagementNWD310N User’s Guide134Protected EAP PropertiesFigure 117 Windows XP: Protected EAP PropertiesThe following table describes the labels in this screen.Table 32 Windows XP: Protected EAP PropertiesLABEL DESCRIPTIONValidate server certificateSelect the check box to verify the certificate of the authentication server.Connect to these serversSelect the check box and specify a domain in the field below to have your computer connect to a server which resides only within this domain.Trusted Root Certification Authorities:Select a trusted certification authority from the list below.Note: You must first have a wired connection to a network and obtain the certificate(s) from a certificate authority (CA). Consult your network administrator for more information.Do not prompt user to authorize new server or trusted certification authorities.Select this check box to verify a new authentication server or trusted CA without prompting.This field is available only if you installed the Windows XP server pack 2.Select Authentication Method: Select an authentication method from the drop-down list box and click Configure to do settings.Enable Fast ReconnectSelect the check box to automatically reconnect to the network (without re-authentication) if the wireless connection goes down.OK Click OK to save your changes.Cancel Click Cancel to leave this screen without saving any changes you may have made.

Appendix C Windows Wireless ManagementNWD310N User’s Guide 135Smart Card or other Certificate PropertiesFigure 118 Windows XP: Smart Card or other Certificate PropertiesThe following table describes the labels in this screen.Ordering the Preferred NetworksFollow the steps below to manage your preferred networks.Table 33 Windows XP: Smart Card or other Certificate PropertiesLABEL DESCRIPTIONUse my smart cardSelect this check box to use the smart card for authentication.Use a certificate on this computerSelect this check box to use a certificate on your computer for authentication.Validate server certificateSelect the check box to check the certificate of the authentication server.Connect to these serversSelect the check box and specify a domain in the field below to have your computer connect to a server which resides only within this domain. Trusted Root Certification Authorities:Select a trusted certification authority from the list below.Note: You must first have a wired connection to a network and obtain the certificate(s) from a certificate authority (CA). Consult your network administrator for more information.View Certificate Click this button if you want to verify the selected certificate.Use a different user name for the connection:Select the check box to use a different user name when the user name in the smart card or certificate is not the same as the user name in the domain that you are logged on to.OK Click OK to save your changes.Cancel Click Cancel to leave this screen without saving any changes you may have made.

Appendix C Windows Wireless ManagementNWD310N User’s Guide1361Windows XP SP2: Click Change the order of preferred networks in the Wireless Network Connection screen (see Figure 111 on page 129). The screen displays as shown. Figure 119 Windows XP SP2: Wireless Networks: Preferred NetworksWindows XP SP1: In the Wireless Network Connection Status screen, click Properties and the Wireless Networks tab to open the screen as shown.Figure 120 Windows XP SP1: Wireless Networks: Preferred Networks2Whenever the NWD310N tries to connect to a new network, the new network is added in the Preferred networks table automatically. Select a network and click Move up or

Appendix C Windows Wireless ManagementNWD310N User’s Guide 137Move down to change it's order, click Remove to delete it or click Properties to view the security, authentication or connection information of the selected network. Click Add to add a preferred network into the list manually.

Appendix C Windows Wireless ManagementNWD310N User’s Guide138

NWD310N User’s Guide 139APPENDIX D Legal InformationCopyrightCopyright © 2007 by ZyXEL Communications Corporation.The contents of this publication may not be reproduced in any part or as a whole, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, translated into any language, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, photocopying, manual, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of ZyXEL Communications Corporation.Published by ZyXEL Communications Corporation. All rights reserved.DisclaimersZyXEL does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any products, or software described herein. Neither does it convey any license under its patent rights nor the patent rights of others. ZyXEL further reserves the right to make changes in any products described herein without notice. This publication is subject to change without notice.TrademarksZyNOS (ZyXEL Network Operating System) is a registered trademark of ZyXEL Communications, Inc. Other trademarks mentioned in this publication are used for identification purposes only and may be properties of their respective owners.CertificationsFederal Communications Commission (FCC) Interference StatementThe device complies with Part 15 of FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:• This device may not cause harmful interference.• This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operations.This device has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This device generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy, and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation.

Appendix D Legal InformationNWD310N User’s Guide140If this device does cause harmful interference to radio/television reception, which can be determined by turning the device off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:1Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.2Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver.3Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.4Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.FCC Radiation Exposure Statement• This transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter. • IEEE 802.11b or 802.11g operation of this product in the U.S.A. is firmware-limited to channels 1 through 11. • To comply with FCC RF exposure compliance requirements, a separation distance of at least 20 cm must be maintained between the antenna of this device and all persons. 注意 !依據低功率電波輻射性電機管理辦法第十二條經型式認證合格之低功率射頻電機，非經許可，公司、商號或使用者均不得擅自變更頻率、加大功率或變更原設計之特性及功能。第十四條低功率射頻電機之使用不得影響飛航安全及干擾合法通信；經發現有干擾現象時，應立即停用，並改善至無干擾時方得繼續使用。前項合法通信，指依電信規定作業之無線電信。低功率射頻電機須忍受合法通信或工業、科學及醫療用電波輻射性電機設備之干擾。在 5250MHz~5350MHz 頻帶內操作之無線資訊傳輸設備，限於室內使用。本機限在不干擾合法電臺與不受被干擾保障條件下於室內使用。 Notices Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate the equipment.This device has been designed for the WLAN 2.4 GHz network throughout the EC region and Switzerland, with restrictions in France.This Class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.Cet appareil numérique de la classe B est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada.Viewing Certifications1Go to http://www.zyxel.com.

Appendix D Legal InformationNWD310N User’s Guide 1412Select your product on the ZyXEL home page to go to that product's page.3Select the certification you wish to view from this page.ZyXEL Limited WarrantyZyXEL warrants to the original end user (purchaser) that this product is free from any defects in materials or workmanship for a period of up to two years from the date of purchase. During the warranty period, and upon proof of purchase, should the product have indications of failure due to faulty workmanship and/or materials, ZyXEL will, at its discretion, repair or replace the defective products or components without charge for either parts or labor, and to whatever extent it shall deem necessary to restore the product or components to proper operating condition. Any replacement will consist of a new or re-manufactured functionally equivalent product of equal or higher value, and will be solely at the discretion of ZyXEL. This warranty shall not apply if the product has been modified, misused, tampered with, damaged by an act of God, or subjected to abnormal working conditions.NoteRepair or replacement, as provided under this warranty, is the exclusive remedy of the purchaser. This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties, express or implied, including any implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular use or purpose. ZyXEL shall in no event be held liable for indirect or consequential damages of any kind to the purchaser.To obtain the services of this warranty, contact ZyXEL's Service Center for your Return Material Authorization number (RMA). Products must be returned Postage Prepaid. It is recommended that the unit be insured when shipped. Any returned products without proof of purchase or those with an out-dated warranty will be repaired or replaced (at the discretion of ZyXEL) and the customer will be billed for parts and labor. All repaired or replaced products will be shipped by ZyXEL to the corresponding return address, Postage Paid. This warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may also have other rights that vary from country to country.RegistrationRegister your product online to receive e-mail notices of firmware upgrades and information at www.zyxel.com.

Appendix D Legal InformationNWD310N User’s Guide142

NWD310N User’s Guide 143APPENDIX E Customer SupportPlease have the following information ready when you contact customer support.Required Information• Product model and serial number.• Warranty Information.• Date that you received your device.• Brief description of the problem and the steps you took to solve it.“+” is the (prefix) number you dial to make an international telephone call.Corporate Headquarters (Worldwide)• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.com.tw• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.com.tw• Telephone: +886-3-578-3942• Fax: +886-3-578-2439• Web: www.zyxel.com, www.europe.zyxel.com• FTP: ftp.zyxel.com, ftp.europe.zyxel.com• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications Corp., 6 Innovation Road II, Science Park, Hsinchu 300, TaiwanCosta Rica• Support E-mail: soporte@zyxel.co.cr• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.co.cr• Telephone: +506-2017878• Fax: +506-2015098• Web: www.zyxel.co.cr• FTP: ftp.zyxel.co.cr• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Costa Rica, Plaza Roble Escazú, Etapa El Patio, Tercer Piso, San José, Costa RicaCzech Republic• E-mail: info@cz.zyxel.com• Telephone: +420-241-091-350• Fax: +420-241-091-359• Web: www.zyxel.cz

Appendix E Customer SupportNWD310N User’s Guide144• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications, Czech s.r.o., Modranská 621, 143 01 Praha 4 - Modrany, Ceská RepublikaDenmark• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.dk• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.dk• Telephone: +45-39-55-07-00• Fax: +45-39-55-07-07• Web: www.zyxel.dk • Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications A/S, Columbusvej, 2860 Soeborg, DenmarkFinland• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.fi• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.fi• Telephone: +358-9-4780-8411• Fax: +358-9-4780-8448• Web: www.zyxel.fi• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications Oy, Malminkaari 10, 00700 Helsinki, FinlandFrance• E-mail: info@zyxel.fr • Telephone: +33-4-72-52-97-97• Fax: +33-4-72-52-19-20• Web: www.zyxel.fr• Regular Mail: ZyXEL France, 1 rue des Vergers, Bat. 1 / C, 69760 Limonest, FranceGermany• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.de• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.de• Telephone: +49-2405-6909-69• Fax: +49-2405-6909-99• Web: www.zyxel.de• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Deutschland GmbH., Adenauerstr. 20/A2 D-52146, Wuerselen, GermanyHungary• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.hu• Sales E-mail: info@zyxel.hu• Telephone: +36-1-3361649• Fax: +36-1-3259100• Web: www.zyxel.hu• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Hungary, 48, Zoldlomb Str., H-1025, Budapest, Hungary

Appendix E Customer SupportNWD310N User’s Guide 145India• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.in• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.in• Telephone: +91-11-30888144 to +91-11-30888153• Fax: +91-11-30888149, +91-11-26810715• Web: http://www.zyxel.in• Regular Mail: India - ZyXEL Technology India Pvt Ltd., II-Floor, F2/9 Okhla Phase -1, New Delhi 110020, IndiaJapan• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.co.jp• Sales E-mail: zyp@zyxel.co.jp• Telephone: +81-3-6847-3700• Fax: +81-3-6847-3705• Web: www.zyxel.co.jp• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Japan, 3F, Office T&U, 1-10-10 Higashi-Gotanda, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0022, JapanKazakhstan• Support: http://zyxel.kz/support• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.kz• Telephone: +7-3272-590-698• Fax: +7-3272-590-689• Web: www.zyxel.kz• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Kazakhstan, 43 Dostyk Ave., Office 414, Dostyk Business Centre, 050010 Almaty, Republic of KazakhstanMalaysia• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.com.my• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.com.my• Telephone: +603-8076-9933• Fax: +603-8076-9833• Web: http://www.zyxel.com.my• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Malaysia Sdn Bhd., 1-02 & 1-03, Jalan Kenari 17F, Bandar Puchong Jaya, 47100 Puchong, Selangor Darul Ehsan, MalaysiaNorth America• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.com• Support Telephone: +1-800-978-7222• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.com• Sales Telephone: +1-714-632-0882• Fax: +1-714-632-0858• Web: www.zyxel.com

Appendix E Customer SupportNWD310N User’s Guide146• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications Inc., 1130 N. Miller St., Anaheim, CA 92806-2001, U.S.A.Norway• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.no • Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.no• Telephone: +47-22-80-61-80• Fax: +47-22-80-61-81• Web: www.zyxel.no• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications A/S, Nils Hansens vei 13, 0667 Oslo, NorwayPoland• E-mail: info@pl.zyxel.com• Telephone: +48-22-333 8250• Fax: +48-22-333 8251• Web: www.pl.zyxel.com• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications, ul. Okrzei 1A, 03-715 Warszawa, PolandRussia• Support: http://zyxel.ru/support• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.ru• Telephone: +7-095-542-89-29• Fax: +7-095-542-89-25• Web: www.zyxel.ru• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Russia, Ostrovityanova 37a Str., Moscow 117279, RussiaSingapore• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.com.sg• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.com.sg• Telephone: +65-6899-6678• Fax: +65-6899-8887• Web: http://www.zyxel.com.sg• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Singapore Pte Ltd., No. 2 International Business Park, The Strategy #03-28, Singapore 609930Spain• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.es• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.es• Telephone: +34-902-195-420• Fax: +34-913-005-345• Web: www.zyxel.es • Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications, Arte, 21 5ª planta, 28033 Madrid, Spain

Appendix E Customer SupportNWD310N User’s Guide 147Sweden• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.se• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.se• Telephone: +46-31-744-7700• Fax: +46-31-744-7701• Web: www.zyxel.se• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications A/S, Sjöporten 4, 41764 Göteborg, SwedenThailand• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.co.th• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.co.th• Telephone: +662-831-5315• Fax: +662-831-5395• Web: http://www.zyxel.co.th• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Thailand Co., Ltd., 1/1 Moo 2, Ratchaphruk Road, Bangrak-Noi, Muang, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand.Ukraine• Support E-mail: support@ua.zyxel.com• Sales E-mail: sales@ua.zyxel.com• Telephone: +380-44-247-69-78• Fax: +380-44-494-49-32• Web: www.ua.zyxel.com• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Ukraine, 13, Pimonenko Str., Kiev 04050, UkraineUnited Kingdom• Support E-mail: support@zyxel.co.uk• Sales E-mail: sales@zyxel.co.uk• Telephone: +44-1344-303044, 08707-555779 (UK only)• Fax: +44-1344-303034• Web: www.zyxel.co.uk• FTP: ftp.zyxel.co.uk• Regular Mail: ZyXEL Communications UK Ltd., 11 The Courtyard, Eastern Road, Bracknell, Berkshire RG12 2XB, United Kingdom (UK)

Appendix E Customer SupportNWD310N User’s Guide148

IndexNWD310N User’s Guide150EAP-TTLS 39encryption 112encryption type 39, 51, 53environmental specifications 77ESS 104Extended Service Set, See ESS 104Ffast power save 62FCC interference statement 139fragmentation threshold 106frequency 38, 77Ggetting started 21Hhardware connections 24help 26hidden node 105humidity 77IIBSS 103IEEE 802.11g 107IEEE 802.1x 39, 54, 64Independent Basic Service SetSee IBSS 103Industrial Scientific Medical Band 77infrastructure 23Initialization Vector (IV) 112installation 24interface 77Internet access 23LLEDs 22lights 22link information 47LINK LED 22link quality 48, 49Mmanual network connection 32Message Integrity Check (MIC) 39, 112modulation 77Nnetwork mode 48network name 48network overlap 37network scan 56network type 48, 50Oonline help 26output power 77Ppacket collisions 49Pairwise Master Key (PMK) 112, 114passphrase 38, 51password 38PEAP 64peer computer 23, 59physical specifications 77power consumption 77power saving 62power saving mode 62preamble 61preamble mode 107product registration 141

IndexNWD310N User’s Guide 151product specifications 77profile 48, 57activation 61add new 58configure 32, 34default 56delete 57edit 57information 57new 57, 58PSK 112QQuick Start Guide 24, 74Rradio band 77radio interference 74radio specifications 77RADIUS 39, 40, 108message types 109messages 109shared secret key 109real-time data traffic statistics 49receive rate 48registrationproduct 141related documentation 3RTS (Request To Send) 106threshold 105, 106Ssafety warnings 6save power 62scan 49scan info 59search 49security 38, 48, 78data encryption 38security settings and Vista 64sensitivity 78Service Set Identity (SSID) 32, 37signal strength 49, 50site information 50site survey 49scan 50security settings 51sleep mode 62SSID 32, 37, 48, 50, 74statistics 48syntax conventions 4system tray 24Ttemperature 77Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) 39, 112The 64TLS 64, 65total receive 48total transmit 48trademarks 139transmission rate 48, 57transmit key 51transmit rate 48trend chart 48, 49TTLS 64Uuninstalling the ZyXEL utility 67upgrading the ZyXEL utility 68important step 69user authentication 38utility installation 24utility version 67VVista 64, 65voltage 77Wwarranty 141note 141

IndexNWD310N User’s Guide152weight 77WEP 38, 51automatic setup 38manual setup 38, 51passphrase 38, 51WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) 38WEP Encryption 51WEP key generation 38Wi-Fi Protected Access 39, 111Wi-Fi Protected Setup 47Windows 64Windows XP 25wireless client 37wireless client WPA supplicants 113wireless LANintroduction 37security 38wireless LAN (WLAN) 37wireless network 37wireless security 107wireless standard 48, 77wireless station modeadapter 61security settings 51site survey 49trend chart 49wireless tutorial 27WLANinterference 105security parameters 114WPA 39, 52, 64, 111key caching 112pre-authentication 112user authentication 112vs WPA-PSK 112wireless client supplicant 113with RADIUS application example 113WPA2 39, 52, 64, 111user authentication 112vs WPA2-PSK 112wireless client supplicant 113with RADIUS application example 113WPA2-Pre-Shared Key 40, 111WPA2-PSK 40, 52, 111, 112application example 113WPA-PSK 40, 52, 111, 112application example 113WPSsee also Wi-Fi Protected Setup 47WZCactivating 124network connection 127not available 126preferred network 135security setting 131system tray icon 127WZC (Wireless Zero Configuration) 25ZZyXEL Utilityaccessing 26ZyXEL utility 25accessing 26driver version number 67exiting 25help 26reactivating 25status 25system tray icon 24upgrading 68version number 67