ZyXEL Communications VMG8924B10A Dual Band Wireless AC/N VDSL2 VoIP Combo WAN Gigabit IAD User Manual VMG8924 B10A 1

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VMG8924-B10A
Dual Band Wireless AC/N VDSL2 VoIP Combo WAN Gigabit IAD
Version 1.00
Edition 1, 6/2013
Quick Start Guide
User’s Guide
Default Login Details
LAN IP Address
http://192.168.1.1
Login
www.zyxel.com
Password
admin
1234
Copyright © 2013 ZyXEL Communications Corporation
IMPORTANT!
READ CAREFULLY BEFORE USE.
KEEP THIS GUIDE FOR FUTURE REFERENCE.
Screenshots and graphics in this book may differ slightly from your product due to differences in
your product firmware or your computer operating system. Every effort has been made to ensure
that the information in this manual is accurate.
Related Documentation
• Quick Start Guide
The Quick Start Guide shows how to connect the Device and get up and running right away.
VMG8924-B10A User’s Guide
Contents Overview
Contents Overview
User’s Guide .......................................................................................................................................15
Introducing the Device ............................................................................................................................17
The Web Configurator .............................................................................................................................25
Quick Start ...............................................................................................................................................33
Technical Reference ..........................................................................................................................35
Network Map and Status Screens ...........................................................................................................37
Broadband ...............................................................................................................................................43
Wireless ..................................................................................................................................................71
Home Networking ..................................................................................................................................105
Routing ..................................................................................................................................................129
Quality of Service (QoS) .......................................................................................................................137
Network Address Translation (NAT) ......................................................................................................155
Dynamic DNS Setup .............................................................................................................................173
Interface Group .....................................................................................................................................177
USB Service ..........................................................................................................................................183
Power Management ..............................................................................................................................191
Firewall ..................................................................................................................................................195
MAC Filter .............................................................................................................................................203
Parental Control ....................................................................................................................................205
Scheduler Rule ......................................................................................................................................209
Certificates ............................................................................................................................................ 211
VPN .......................................................................................................................................................219
Voice .....................................................................................................................................................233
Log .......................................................................................................................................................265
Traffic Status ........................................................................................................................................269
VoIP Status ...........................................................................................................................................273
ARP Table .............................................................................................................................................275
Routing Table ........................................................................................................................................277
IGMP/MLD Status ................................................................................................................................279
xDSL Statistics ......................................................................................................................................281
3G Statistics .........................................................................................................................................285
User Account .........................................................................................................................................287
Remote Management ............................................................................................................................289
TR-069 Client ........................................................................................................................................293
TR-064 ..................................................................................................................................................295
SNMP ....................................................................................................................................................297
Time Settings ........................................................................................................................................299
VMG8924-B10A User’s Guide
Contents Overview
E-mail Notification .................................................................................................................................303
Logs Setting .........................................................................................................................................305
Firmware Upgrade ................................................................................................................................309
Configuration ......................................................................................................................................... 311
Diagnostic .............................................................................................................................................315
Troubleshooting ....................................................................................................................................321
VMG8924-B10A User’s Guide
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Contents Overview ..............................................................................................................................3
Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................5
Part I: User’s Guide ......................................................................................... 15
Chapter 1
Introducing the Device .......................................................................................................................17
1.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................17
1.2 Ways to Manage the Device .............................................................................................................17
1.3 Good Habits for Managing the Device ..............................................................................................17
1.4 Applications for the Device ...............................................................................................................18
1.4.1 Internet Access ........................................................................................................................18
1.4.2 Device’s USB Support .............................................................................................................19
1.5 LEDs (Lights) ....................................................................................................................................20
1.6 The RESET Button ............................................................................................................................22
1.7 Wireless Access ................................................................................................................................22
1.7.1 Using the Wi-Fi and WPS Buttons ...........................................................................................22
1.8 Wall-mounting Instructions ................................................................................................................23
Chapter 2
The Web Configurator ........................................................................................................................25
2.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................25
2.1.1 Accessing the Web Configurator .............................................................................................25
2.2 Web Configurator Layout ..................................................................................................................27
2.2.1 Title Bar ...................................................................................................................................27
2.2.2 Main Window ...........................................................................................................................28
2.2.3 Navigation Panel .....................................................................................................................29
Chapter 3
Quick Start...........................................................................................................................................33
3.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................33
3.2 Quick Start Setup ..............................................................................................................................33
Part II: Technical Reference............................................................................ 35
VMG8924-B10A User’s Guide
Table of Contents
Chapter 4
Network Map and Status Screens .....................................................................................................37
4.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................37
4.2 The Network Map Screen .................................................................................................................37
4.3 The Status Screen .............................................................................................................................38
Chapter 5
Broadband...........................................................................................................................................43
5.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................43
5.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ............................................................................................43
5.1.2 What You Need to Know ..........................................................................................................44
5.1.3 Before You Begin .....................................................................................................................47
5.2 The Broadband Screen .....................................................................................................................47
5.2.1 Add/Edit Internet Connection ...................................................................................................49
5.3 The 3G Backup Screen .....................................................................................................................57
5.4 The Advanced Screen .......................................................................................................................61
5.5 The 802.1x Screen ............................................................................................................................62
5.5.1 Edit 802.1X Settings ................................................................................................................63
5.6 The WAN Status Screen ...................................................................................................................63
5.7 Technical Reference ..........................................................................................................................64
Chapter 6
Wireless ...............................................................................................................................................71
6.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................................71
6.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ............................................................................................71
6.1.2 What You Need to Know ..........................................................................................................72
6.2 The General Screen .........................................................................................................................72
6.2.1 No Security ..............................................................................................................................75
6.2.2 Basic (WEP Encryption) ..........................................................................................................75
6.2.3 More Secure (WPA(2)-PSK) ....................................................................................................78
6.2.4 WPA(2) Authentication .............................................................................................................79
6.3 The More AP Screen .........................................................................................................................80
6.3.1 Edit More AP ..........................................................................................................................82
6.4 MAC Authentication ..........................................................................................................................84
6.5 The WPS Screen ..............................................................................................................................85
6.6 The WMM Screen .............................................................................................................................86
6.7 The WDS Screen ..............................................................................................................................87
6.7.1 WDS Scan ...............................................................................................................................88
6.8 The Others Screen ............................................................................................................................89
6.9 The Channel Status Screen ..............................................................................................................91
6.10 Technical Reference ........................................................................................................................91
6.10.1 Wireless Network Overview ...................................................................................................92
6.10.2 Additional Wireless Terms .....................................................................................................93
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Table of Contents
6.10.3 Wireless Security Overview ...................................................................................................93
6.10.4 Signal Problems ....................................................................................................................96
6.10.5 BSS .......................................................................................................................................96
6.10.6 MBSSID .................................................................................................................................97
6.10.7 Preamble Type ......................................................................................................................97
6.10.8 Wireless Distribution System (WDS) .....................................................................................97
6.10.9 WiFi Protected Setup (WPS) .................................................................................................98
Chapter 7
Home Networking .............................................................................................................................105
7.1 Overview .........................................................................................................................................105
7.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ..........................................................................................105
7.1.2 What You Need To Know .......................................................................................................106
7.1.3 Before You Begin ...................................................................................................................107
7.2 The LAN Setup Screen ...................................................................................................................107
7.3 The Static DHCP Screen ................................................................................................................. 111
7.4 The UPnP Screen ........................................................................................................................... 112
7.5 Installing UPnP in Windows Example ............................................................................................. 113
7.6 Using UPnP in Windows XP Example ............................................................................................ 116
7.7 The Additional Subnet Screen ........................................................................................................122
7.8 The STB Vendor ID Screen .............................................................................................................123
7.9 The 5th Ethernet Port Screen .........................................................................................................123
7.10 The LAN VLAN Screen .................................................................................................................124
7.11 The Wake on LAN Screen .............................................................................................................125
7.12 Technical Reference ......................................................................................................................126
7.12.1 LANs, WANs and the Device ...............................................................................................126
7.12.2 DHCP Setup ........................................................................................................................126
7.12.3 DNS Server Addresses .......................................................................................................126
7.12.4 LAN TCP/IP .........................................................................................................................127
Chapter 8
Routing ..............................................................................................................................................129
8.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................................129
8.2 The Routing Screen ........................................................................................................................130
8.2.1 Add/Edit Static Route .............................................................................................................131
8.3 The DNS Route Screen ..................................................................................................................132
8.3.1 The DNS Route Add Screen .................................................................................................132
8.4 The Policy Forwarding Screen ........................................................................................................133
8.4.1 Add/Edit Policy Forwarding ...................................................................................................134
8.5 RIP
..............................................................................................................................................135
8.5.1 The RIP Screen .....................................................................................................................135
Chapter 9
Quality of Service (QoS)...................................................................................................................137
VMG8924-B10A User’s Guide
Table of Contents
9.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................................137
9.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ..........................................................................................137
9.2 What You Need to Know .................................................................................................................137
9.3 The Quality of Service General Screen ..........................................................................................139
9.4 The Queue Setup Screen ...............................................................................................................140
9.4.1 Adding a QoS Queue ...........................................................................................................141
9.5 The Class Setup Screen .................................................................................................................142
9.5.1 Add/Edit QoS Class ..............................................................................................................144
9.6 The QoS Policer Setup Screen .......................................................................................................147
9.6.1 Add/Edit a QoS Policer .........................................................................................................148
9.7 The QoS Monitor Screen ...............................................................................................................149
9.8 Technical Reference ........................................................................................................................150
Chapter 10
Network Address Translation (NAT)................................................................................................155
10.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................155
10.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ........................................................................................155
10.1.2 What You Need To Know .....................................................................................................155
10.2 The Port Forwarding Screen ........................................................................................................156
10.2.1 Add/Edit Port Forwarding ...................................................................................................158
10.3 The Applications Screen ...............................................................................................................159
10.3.1 Add New Application ...........................................................................................................160
10.4 The Port Triggering Screen ...........................................................................................................161
10.4.1 Add/Edit Port Triggering Rule .............................................................................................163
10.5 The DMZ Screen ...........................................................................................................................164
10.6 The ALG Screen ...........................................................................................................................164
10.7 The Address Mapping Screen .......................................................................................................165
10.7.1 Add/Edit Address Mapping Rule ..........................................................................................166
10.8 The Address Mapping Screen .......................................................................................................167
10.9 The Sessions Screen ....................................................................................................................168
10.10 Technical Reference ....................................................................................................................168
10.10.1 NAT Definitions ..................................................................................................................168
10.10.2 What NAT Does .................................................................................................................169
10.10.3 How NAT Works ................................................................................................................170
10.10.4 NAT Application .................................................................................................................171
Chapter 11
Dynamic DNS Setup .........................................................................................................................173
11.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................173
11.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ........................................................................................173
11.1.2 What You Need To Know .....................................................................................................174
11.2 The DNS Entry Screen ..................................................................................................................174
11.2.1 Add/Edit DNS Entry .............................................................................................................175
VMG8924-B10A User’s Guide
Table of Contents
11.3 The Dynamic DNS Screen ............................................................................................................175
Chapter 12
Interface Group .................................................................................................................................177
12.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................177
12.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ........................................................................................177
12.2 The Interface Group Screen ..........................................................................................................177
12.2.1 Interface Group Configuration .............................................................................................178
12.2.2 Interface Grouping Criteria .................................................................................................180
Chapter 13
USB Service ......................................................................................................................................183
13.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................183
13.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ........................................................................................183
13.1.2 What You Need To Know .....................................................................................................183
13.1.3 Before You Begin .................................................................................................................185
13.2 The File Sharing Screen ...............................................................................................................186
13.2.1 The Add New Share Screen ................................................................................................187
13.2.2 The Add New User Screen ..................................................................................................188
13.3 The Media Server Screen .............................................................................................................188
13.4 Printer Server ...............................................................................................................................189
13.4.1 Before You Begin .................................................................................................................189
13.4.2 The Printer Server Screen ...................................................................................................190
Chapter 14
Power Management ..........................................................................................................................191
14.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................191
14.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ........................................................................................191
14.1.2 What You Need To Know .....................................................................................................191
14.2 The Power Management Screen ..................................................................................................191
14.3 The Auto Switch Off Screen ..........................................................................................................192
14.3.1 The Auto Switch Off Add/Edit Screen ..................................................................................193
14.3.2 The Add/Edit Rule Screen ...................................................................................................193
Chapter 15
Firewall ..............................................................................................................................................195
15.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................195
15.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ........................................................................................195
15.1.2 What You Need to Know ......................................................................................................196
15.2 The Firewall Screen ......................................................................................................................197
15.3 The Protocol Screen ....................................................................................................................197
15.3.1 Add/Edit a Service ..............................................................................................................198
15.4 The Access Control Screen ..........................................................................................................199
VMG8924-B10A User’s Guide
Table of Contents
15.4.1 Add/Edit an ACL Rule ........................................................................................................200
15.5 The DoS Screen ............................................................................................................................202
Chapter 16
MAC Filter..........................................................................................................................................203
16.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................203
16.2 The MAC Filter Screen ..................................................................................................................203
Chapter 17
Parental Control ................................................................................................................................205
17.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................205
17.2 The Parental Control Screen .........................................................................................................205
17.2.1 Add/Edit a Parental Control Rule .........................................................................................206
Chapter 18
Scheduler Rule..................................................................................................................................209
18.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................209
18.2 The Scheduler Rule Screen ..........................................................................................................209
18.2.1 Add/Edit a Schedule ............................................................................................................210
Chapter 19
Certificates ........................................................................................................................................ 211
19.1 Overview ....................................................................................................................................... 211
19.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ........................................................................................ 211
19.2 What You Need to Know ............................................................................................................... 211
19.3 The Local Certificates Screen ....................................................................................................... 211
19.3.1 Create Certificate Request .................................................................................................212
19.3.2 Load Signed Certificate ......................................................................................................213
19.4 The Trusted CA Screen ................................................................................................................214
19.4.1 View Trusted CA Certificate .................................................................................................216
19.4.2 Import Trusted CA Certificate ..............................................................................................217
Chapter 20
VPN ....................................................................................................................................................219
20.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................219
20.2 The IPSec VPN General Screen ...................................................................................................219
20.3 The IPSec VPN Add/Edit Screen ..................................................................................................220
20.4 The IPSec VPN Monitor Screen ....................................................................................................226
20.5 Technical Reference ......................................................................................................................226
20.5.1 IPSec Architecture ...............................................................................................................226
20.5.2 Encapsulation ......................................................................................................................227
20.5.3 IKE Phases .........................................................................................................................228
20.5.4 Negotiation Mode ................................................................................................................229
10
VMG8924-B10A User’s Guide
Table of Contents
20.5.5 IPSec and NAT ....................................................................................................................230
20.5.6 VPN, NAT, and NAT Traversal .............................................................................................230
20.5.7 ID Type and Content ............................................................................................................231
20.5.8 Pre-Shared Key ...................................................................................................................232
20.5.9 Diffie-Hellman (DH) Key Groups ..........................................................................................232
Chapter 21
Voice ..................................................................................................................................................233
21.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................233
21.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ........................................................................................233
21.1.2 What You Need to Know About VoIP ...................................................................................234
21.2 Before You Begin ..........................................................................................................................234
21.3 The SIP Account Screen ..............................................................................................................234
21.3.1 The SIP Account Add/Edit Screen ......................................................................................235
21.4 The SIP Service Provider Screen ................................................................................................239
21.4.1 The SIP Service Provider Add/Edit Screen ........................................................................240
21.4.2 Dial Plan Rules ....................................................................................................................246
21.5 The Phone Screen .......................................................................................................................247
21.6 The Call Rule Screen ....................................................................................................................247
21.7 The Call History Summary Screen ................................................................................................248
21.8 The Call History Outgoing Calls Screen ........................................................................................249
21.9 The Call History Incoming Calls Screen ........................................................................................249
21.10 Technical Reference ....................................................................................................................250
21.10.1 Quality of Service (QoS) ....................................................................................................258
21.10.2 Phone Services Overview .................................................................................................258
Chapter 22
Log ....................................................................................................................................................265
22.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................265
22.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ........................................................................................265
22.1.2 What You Need To Know .....................................................................................................265
22.2 The System Log Screen ................................................................................................................266
22.3 The Security Log Screen ...............................................................................................................267
Chapter 23
Traffic Status ....................................................................................................................................269
23.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................269
23.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ........................................................................................269
23.2 The WAN Status Screen ...............................................................................................................269
23.3 The LAN Status Screen .................................................................................................................271
23.4 The NAT Status Screen .................................................................................................................272
Chapter 24
VoIP Status .......................................................................................................................................273
VMG8924-B10A User’s Guide
11
Table of Contents
24.1 The VoIP Status Screen ................................................................................................................273
Chapter 25
ARP Table ..........................................................................................................................................275
25.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................275
25.1.1 How ARP Works ..................................................................................................................275
25.2 ARP Table Screen .........................................................................................................................275
Chapter 26
Routing Table ....................................................................................................................................277
26.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................277
26.2 The Routing Table Screen .............................................................................................................277
Chapter 27
IGMP/MLD Status .............................................................................................................................279
27.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................279
27.2 The IGMP/MLD Group Status Screen ...........................................................................................279
Chapter 28
xDSL Statistics..................................................................................................................................281
28.1 The xDSL Statistics Screen ...........................................................................................................281
Chapter 29
3G Statistics .....................................................................................................................................285
29.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................285
29.2 The 3G Statistics Screen ...............................................................................................................285
Chapter 30
User Account ....................................................................................................................................287
30.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................287
30.2 The User Account Screen .............................................................................................................287
Chapter 31
Remote Management........................................................................................................................289
31.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................289
31.2 The Remote MGMT Screen ..........................................................................................................289
31.3 The Trust Domain Screen .............................................................................................................290
31.4 The Add Trust Domain Screen ......................................................................................................291
Chapter 32
TR-069 Client.....................................................................................................................................293
32.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................293
32.2 The TR-069 Client Screen ............................................................................................................293
12
VMG8924-B10A User’s Guide
Table of Contents
Chapter 33
TR-064................................................................................................................................................295
33.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................295
33.2 The TR-064 Screen .......................................................................................................................295
Chapter 34
SNMP .................................................................................................................................................297
34.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................297
34.2 The SNMP Screen ........................................................................................................................297
Chapter 35
Time Settings ....................................................................................................................................299
35.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................299
35.2 The Time Screen ..........................................................................................................................299
Chapter 36
E-mail Notification ............................................................................................................................303
36.1 Overview
....................................................................................................................................303
36.2 The Email Notification Screen .......................................................................................................303
36.2.1 Email Notification Edit ........................................................................................................304
Chapter 37
Logs Setting .....................................................................................................................................305
37.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................305
37.2 The Log Settings Screen ...............................................................................................................305
37.2.1 Example E-mail Log ............................................................................................................306
Chapter 38
Firmware Upgrade ............................................................................................................................309
38.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................309
38.2 The Firmware Screen ....................................................................................................................309
Chapter 39
Configuration .................................................................................................................................... 311
39.1 Overview ....................................................................................................................................... 311
39.2 The Configuration Screen ............................................................................................................. 311
39.3 The Reboot Screen .......................................................................................................................313
Chapter 40
Diagnostic .........................................................................................................................................315
40.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................315
40.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ........................................................................................315
40.2 What You Need to Know ...............................................................................................................315
VMG8924-B10A User’s Guide
13
Table of Contents
40.3 Ping & TraceRoute & NsLookup ...................................................................................................316
40.4 802.1ag .........................................................................................................................................317
40.5 OAM Ping ......................................................................................................................................318
Chapter 41
Troubleshooting................................................................................................................................321
41.1 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs ....................................................................................321
41.2 Device Access and Login ..............................................................................................................322
41.3 Internet Access .............................................................................................................................324
41.4 Wireless Internet Access ...............................................................................................................325
41.5 USB Device Connection ................................................................................................................326
41.6 UPnP .............................................................................................................................................326
Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address .......................................................................327
Appendix B IP Addresses and Subnetting.......................................................................................349
Appendix C Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions .................................................357
Appendix D Wireless LANs..............................................................................................................367
Appendix E IPv6 ..............................................................................................................................381
Appendix F Services........................................................................................................................389
Appendix G Legal Information .........................................................................................................393
Index ..................................................................................................................................................397
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VMG8924-B10A User’s Guide
P ART I
User’s Guide
15
16
C HAPT ER
Introducing the Device
1.1 Overview
The Device is a wireless VDSL router and Gigabit Ethernet gateway. It has a DSL port and a Gigabit
Ethernet port for super-fast Internet access. The Device supports both Packet Transfer Mode (PTM)
and Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM). It is backward compatible with ADSL, ADSL2 and ADSL2+
in case VDSL is not available.
Only use firmware for your Device’s specific model. Refer to the label on
the bottom of your Device.
The Device has two USB ports for sharing files via a USB storage device, sharing a USB printer, or
connecting a 3G dongle for a WAN backup connection.
The Device works over the analog telephone system, POTS (Plain Old Telephone Service).
1.2 Ways to Manage the Device
Use any of the following methods to manage the Device.
• Web Configurator. This is recommended for everyday management of the Device using a
(supported) web browser.
• TR-069. This is an auto-configuration server used to remotely configure your device.
1.3 Good Habits for Managing the Device
Do the following things regularly to make the Device more secure and to manage the Device more
effectively.
• Change the password. Use a password that’s not easy to guess and that consists of different
types of characters, such as numbers and letters.
• Write down the password and put it in a safe place.
• Back up the configuration (and make sure you know how to restore it). Restoring an earlier
working configuration may be useful if the device becomes unstable or even crashes. If you
forget your password, you will have to reset the Device to its factory default settings. If you
backed up an earlier configuration file, you would not have to totally re-configure the Device. You
could simply restore your last configuration.
VMG8924-B10A User’s Guide
17
Chapter 1 Introducing the Device
1.4 Applications for the Device
Here are some example uses for which the Device is well suited.
1.4.1 Internet Access
Your Device provides shared Internet access by connecting the DSL port to the DSL or MODEM
jack on a splitter or your telephone jack. You can have multiple WAN services over one ADSL or
VDSL. The Device cannot work in ADSL and VDSL mode at the same time.
Note: The ADSL and VDSL lines share the same WAN (layer-2) interfaces that you
configure in the Device. Refer to Section 5.2 on page 47 for the Network Setting
> Broadband screen.
Computers can connect to the Device’s LAN ports (or wirelessly).
Figure 1 Device’s Internet Access Application
WLAN
WAN
Bridging
IPoE
PPPoE
ADSL / VDSL
LAN
WLAN
WAN
Bridging
PPPoE
IPoE
PPPoA
IPoA
LAN
ADSL
You can also configure IP filtering on the Device for secure Internet access. When the IP filter is on,
all incoming traffic from the Internet to your network is blocked by default unless it is initiated from
your network. This means that probes from the outside to your network are not allowed, but you
can safely browse the Internet and download files.
18
VMG8924-B10A User’s Guide
Chapter 1 Introducing the Device
1.4.2 Device’s USB Support
The USB port of the Device is used for file-sharing, media server and printer-sharing.
File Sharing
Use the built-in USB 2.0 port to share files on a USB memory stick or a USB hard drive (B). You can
connect one USB hard drive to the Device at a time. Use FTP to access the files on the USB device.
Figure 2 USB File Sharing Application
Media Server
You can also use the Device as a media server. This lets anyone on your network play video, music,
and photos from a USB device (B) connected to the Device’s USB port (without having to copy them
to another computer).
Figure 3 USB Media Server Application
VMG8924-B10A User’s Guide
19
Chapter 1 Introducing the Device
Printer Server
The Device allows you to share a USB printer on your LAN. You can do this by connecting a USB
printer to one of the USB ports on the Device and then configuring a TCP/IP port on the computers
connected to your network.
Figure 4 Sharing a USB Printer
1.5 LEDs (Lights)
The following graphic displays the labels of the LEDs.
Figure 5 LEDs on the Device
2.4G
5G
None of the LEDs are on if the Device is not receiving power.
Table 1 LED Descriptions
LED
COLOR
STATUS
DESCRIPTION
Green
On
The Device is receiving power and ready for use.
Blinking
The Device is self-testing.
Red
On
The Device detected an error while self-testing, or there is a device
malfunction.
Off
The Device is not receiving power.
On
The ADSL line is up.
Blinking
The Device is initializing the ADSL line.
On
The VDSL line is up.
Blinking
The Device is initializing the VDSL line.
Off
The DSL line is down.
PWR/SYS
Green
DSL
Orange
20
VMG8924-B10A User’s Guide
Chapter 1 Introducing the Device
Table 1 LED Descriptions (continued)
LED
COLOR
STATUS
DESCRIPTION
Green
On
The Device has an IP connection but no traffic.
INTERNET
Your device has a WAN IP address (either static or assigned by a DHCP
server), PPP negotiation was successfully completed (if used) and the
DSL connection is up.
Blinking
The Device is sending or receiving IP traffic.
Off
There is no Internet connection or the gateway is in bridged mode.
Red
On
The Device attempted to make an IP connection but failed. Possible
causes are no response from a DHCP server, no PPPoE response, PPPoE
authentication failed.
Green
On
The Device has a successful 1000 Mbps Ethernet connection on the
WAN.
Blinking
The Device is sending or receiving data to/from the WAN at 1000 Mbps.
On
The Device has a successful 10/100 Mbps Ethernet connection on the
WAN.
Blinking
The Device is sending or receiving data to/from the WAN at 10/100
Mbps.
Off
There is no Ethernet connection on the WAN.
On
The Device has a successful 1000 Mbps Ethernet connection with a
device on the Local Area Network (LAN).
Blinking
The Device is sending or receiving data to/from the LAN at 1000 Mbps.
Off
The Device does not have an Ethernet connection with the LAN.
Green
On
The 2.4 GHz wireless network is activated.
Blinking
The Device is communicating with 2.4 GHz wireless clients.
Orange
Blinking
The Device is setting up a WPS connection with a 2.4 GHz wireless
client.
Off
The 2.4 GHz wireless network is not activated.
On
The 5 GHz wireless network is activated.
Blinking
The Device is communicating with 5 GHz wireless clients.
Orange
Blinking
The Device is setting up a WPS connection with a 5 GHz wireless client.
Off
The 5 GHz wireless network is not activated.
Green
On
A SIP account is registered for the phone port.
Blinking
A telephone connected to the phone port has its receiver off of the hook
or there is an incoming call.
On
A SIP account is registered for the phone port and there is a voice
message in the corresponding SIP account.
Blinking
A telephone connected to the phone port has its receiver off of the hook
and there is a voice message in the corresponding SIP account.
Off
The phone port does not have a SIP account registered.
WAN
Orange
Green
LAN
WiFi 2.4G
Green
WiFi 5G
Phone1,
Phone2
Orange
Green
USB1
VMG8924-B10A User’s Guide
On
The Device recognizes a USB connection through the USB1 slot.
Blinking
The Device is sending/receiving data to /from the USB device connected
to it.
Off
The Device does not detect a USB connection through the USB1 slot.
21
Chapter 1 Introducing the Device
Table 1 LED Descriptions (continued)
LED
COLOR
Green
USB2
STATUS
DESCRIPTION
On
The Device recognizes a USB connection through the USB2 slot.
Blinking
The Device is sending/receiving data to /from the USB device connected
to it.
Off
The Device does not detect a USB connection through the USB2 slot.
1.6 The RESET Button
If you forget your password or cannot access the Web Configurator, you will need to use the RESET
button at the back of the device to reload the factory-default configuration file. This means that you
will lose all configurations that you had previously and the password will be reset to “1234”.
Make sure the PWR/SYS LED is on (not blinking).
To set the device back to the factory default settings, press the RESET button for ten seconds or
until the PWR/SYS LED begins to blink and then release it. When the PWR/SYS LED begins to
blink, the defaults have been restored and the device restarts.
1.7 Wireless Access
The Device is a wireless Access Point (AP) for wireless clients, such as notebook computers or PDAs
and iPads. It allows them to connect to the Internet without having to rely on inconvenient Ethernet
cables.
You can configure your wireless network in either the built-in Web Configurator, or using the WPS
button.
Figure 6 Wireless Access Example
1.7.1 Using the Wi-Fi and WPS Buttons
If the wireless network is turned off, press the Wi-Fi button for one second. Once the WiFi 2.4G
LED turns green, the wireless network is active.
You can also use the WPS button to quickly set up a secure wireless connection between the Device
and a WPS-compatible client by adding one device at a time.
22
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Chapter 1 Introducing the Device
To activate WPS:
Make sure the PWR/SYS LED is on and not blinking.
Press the WPS button for five seconds and release it.
Press the WPS button on another WPS-enabled device within range of the Device. The WiFi 2.4G
LED flashes orange while the Device sets up a WPS connection with the other wireless device.
Once the connection is successfully made, the WiFi 2.4G LED shines green.
To turn off the wireless network, press the Wi-Fi button for one to five seconds. The WiFi 2.4G
LED turns off when the wireless network is off.
1.8 Wall-mounting Instructions
Do the following to hang your Device on a wall.
Locate a high position on a wall that is free of obstructions. Use a sturdy wall.
Hold the bracket against the wall and mark where to drill the holes.
Drill the two screw holes in the wall.
Be careful to avoid damaging pipes or cables located inside the wall
when drilling holes for the screws.
Align and insert the bracket to the wall-mounting notches on the rear panel of the Device.
VMG8924-B10A User’s Guide
23
Chapter 1 Introducing the Device
24
Push the bracket up to tightly attach it to the Device.
Mount the Device on the screws which are already installed on the wall. Make sure that the Device
is firmly attached to the screws so it does not fall off.
VMG8924-B10A User’s Guide
C HAPT ER
The Web Configurator
2.1 Overview
The web configurator is an HTML-based management interface that allows easy device setup and
management via Internet browser. Use Internet Explorer 6.0 and later versions or Mozilla Firefox 3
and later versions or Safari 2.0 and later versions. The recommended screen resolution is 1024 by
768 pixels.
In order to use the web configurator you need to allow:
• Web browser pop-up windows from your device. Web pop-up blocking is enabled by default in
Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2.
• JavaScript (enabled by default).
• Java permissions (enabled by default).
See Appendix C on page 357 if you need to make sure these functions are allowed in Internet
Explorer.
2.1.1 Accessing the Web Configurator
Make sure your Device hardware is properly connected (refer to the Quick Start Guide).
Launch your web browser. If the Device does not automatically re-direct you to the login screen, go
to http://192.168.1.1.
A password screen displays. To access the administrative web configurator and manage the Device,
type the default username admin and password 1234 in the password screen and click Login. If
advanced account security is enabled (see Section 30.2 on page 287) the number of dots that
appears when you type the password changes randomly to prevent anyone watching the password
field from knowing the length of your password. If you have changed the password, enter your
password and click Login.
Figure 7 Password Screen
VMG8924-B10A User’s Guide
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Chapter 2 The Web Configurator
The following screen displays if you have not yet changed your password. It is strongly
recommended you change the default password. Enter a new password, retype it to confirm and
click Apply; alternatively click Skip to proceed to the main menu if you do not want to change the
password now.
Figure 8 Change Password Screen
The Quick Start Wizard screen appears. You can configure the Device’s time zone, basic Internet
access, and wireless settings. See Chapter 3 on page 33 for more information.
After you finished or closed the Quick Start Wizard screen, the Network Map page appears.
Figure 9 Network Map
26
Click Status to display the Status screen, where you can view the Device’s interface and system
information.
VMG8924-B10A User’s Guide
Chapter 2 The Web Configurator
2.2 Web Configurator Layout
Figure 10 Screen Layout
As illustrated above, the main screen is divided into these parts:
• A - title bar
• B - main window
• C - navigation panel
2.2.1 Title Bar
The title bar provides some icons in the upper right corner.
The icons provide the following functions.
Table 2 Web Configurator Icons in the Title Bar
ICON
DESCRIPTION
Language: Select the language you prefer.
VMG8924-B10A User’s Guide
27
Chapter 2 The Web Configurator
Table 2 Web Configurator Icons in the Title Bar
ICON
DESCRIPTION
Quick Start: Click this icon to open screens where you can configure the Device’s time zone
Internet access, and wireless settings.
Logout: Click this icon to log out of the web configurator.
2.2.2 Main Window
The main window displays information and configuration fields. It is discussed in the rest of this
document.
After you click Status on the Connection Status page, the Status screen is displayed. See
Chapter 4 on page 38 for more information about the Status screen.
If you click Virtual Device on the StatusSystem Info screen, a visual graphic appears, showing
the connection status of the Device’s ports. The connected ports are in color and disconnected ports
are gray.
Figure 11 Virtual Device
28
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Chapter 2 The Web Configurator
2.2.3 Navigation Panel
Use the menu items on the navigation panel to open screens to configure Device features. The
following tables describe each menu item.
Table 3 Navigation Panel Summary
LINK
TAB
Connection Status
FUNCTION
This screen shows the network status of the Device and computers/
devices connected to it.
Network Setting
Broadband
Wireless
Home
Networking
VMG8924-B10A User’s Guide
Broadband
Use this screen to view and configure ISP parameters, WAN IP
address assignment, and other advanced properties. You can also add
new WAN connections.
3G Backup
Use this screen to configure 3G WAN connection.
Advanced
Use this screen to enable or disable PTM over ADSL, Annex M/Annex
J, and DSL PhyR functions.
802.1x
Use this screen to view and configure the IEEE 802.1x settings on the
Device.
Wan Status
Use this screen to view historical traffic transmission statistics of a
WAN interface.
General
Use this screen to configure the wireless LAN settings and WLAN
authentication/security settings.
More AP
Use this screen to configure multiple BSSs on the Device.
MAC
Authentication
Use this screen to block or allow wireless traffic from wireless devices
of certain SSIDs and MAC addresses to the Device.
WPS
Use this screen to configure and view your WPS (Wi-Fi Protected
Setup) settings.
WMM
Use this screen to enable or disable Wi-Fi MultiMedia (WMM).
WDS
Use this screen to set up Wireless Distribution System (WDS) links to
other access points.
Others
Use this screen to configure advanced wireless settings.
Channel Status
Use this screen to scan wireless LAN channel noises and view the
results.
LAN Setup
Use this screen to configure LAN TCP/IP settings, and other advanced
properties.
Static DHCP
Use this screen to assign specific IP addresses to individual MAC
addresses.
UPnP
Use this screen to turn UPnP and UPnP NAT-T on or off.
Additional
Subnet
Use this screen to configure IP alias and public static IP.
STB Vendor ID
Use this screen to have the Device automatically create static DHCP
entries for Set Top Box (STB) devices when they request IP
addresses.
5th Ethernet
port
Use this screen to configure the role of the WAN port. It can be either
the Ethernet WAN or a LAN port.
LAN VLAN
Use this screen to control the VLAN ID and IEEE 802.1p priority tags
of traffic sent out through individual LAN ports.
Wake on Lan
Use this screen to remotely turn on a device on the network.
29
Chapter 2 The Web Configurator
Table 3 Navigation Panel Summary (continued)
LINK
Routing
QoS
NAT
DNS
TAB
FUNCTION
Static Route
Use this screen to view and set up static routes on the Device.
DNS Route
Use this screen to forward DNS queries for certain domain names
through a specific WAN interface to its DNS server(s).
Policy
Forwarding
Use this screen to configure policy routing on the Device.
RIP
Use this screen to configure Routing Information Protocol to
exchange routing information with other routers.
General
Use this screen to enable QoS and traffic prioritizing. You can also
configure the QoS rules and actions.
Queue Setup
Use this screen to configure QoS queues.
Class Setup
Use this screen to define a classifier.
Policer Setup
Use these screens to configure QoS policers.
Port Forwarding
Use this screen to make your local servers visible to the outside
world.
Applications
Use this screen to configure servers behind the Device.
Port Triggering
Use this screen to change your Device’s port triggering settings.
DMZ
Use this screen to configure a default server which receives packets
from ports that are not specified in the Port Forwarding screen.
ALG
Use this screen to enable or disable SIP ALG.
Address Mapping
Use this screen to change your Device’s address mapping settings.
Sessions
Use this screen to configure the maximum number of NAT sessions
each client host is allowed to have through the Device.
DNS Entry
Use this screen to view and configure DNS routes.
Dynamic DNS
Use this screen to allow a static hostname alias for a dynamic IP
address.
Interface
Group
USB Service
Power
Management
Use this screen to map a port to a PVC or bridge group.
File Sharing
Use this screen to enable file sharing via the Device.
Media Server
Use this screen to use the Device as a media server.
Printer Server
Use this screen to enable the print server on the Device and get the
model name of the associated printer.
Power
Management
This screen is only available for supervisors. Use this screen to
manually turn on/off specific interface(s) and/or all LEDs
immediately.
Auto Switch Off
This screen is only available for supervisors. Use this screen to
configure schedules to have the Device automatically turn on/off
specific interface(s) and/or all LEDs.
General
Use this screen to configure the security level of your firewall.
Protocol
Use this screen to add Internet services and configure firewall rules.
Access Control
Use this screen to enable specific traffic directions for network
services.
DoS
Use this screen to activate protection against Denial of Service (DoS)
attacks.
Security Settings
Firewall
MAC Filter
30
Use this screen to block or allow traffic from devices of certain MAC
addresses to the Device.
VMG8924-B10A User’s Guide
Chapter 2 The Web Configurator
Table 3 Navigation Panel Summary (continued)
LINK
TAB
FUNCTION
Parental
Control
Use this screen to block web sites with the specific URL.
Scheduler
Rules
Use this screen to configure the days and times when a configured
restriction (such as parental control) is enforced.
Certificates
IPSec VPN
Local Certificates
Use this screen to view a summary list of certificates and manage
certificates and certification requests.
Trusted CA
Use this screen to view and manage the list of the trusted CAs.
Setup
Use this screen to add or edit VPN policies.
Monitor
Use this screen to view the status of all IPSec VPN tunnels. You can
also manually initiate a tunnel in this screen.
SIP Account
Use this screen to set up information about your SIP account and
configure audio settings such as volume levels for the phones
connected to the ZyXEL Device.
SIP Service
Provider
Use this screen to configure your ZyXEL Device’s Voice over IP
settings.
VoIP
SIP
Phone
Use this screen to select your location and a call service mode.
Call Rule
Use this screen to configure speed dial for SIP phone numbers that
you call often.
Call History
Call History
Summary
Use this screen to view a call history list.
Call History
Outgoing
Use this screen to view detailed information for each outgoing call
you made.
Call History
Incoming
Use this screen to view detailed information for each incoming call
from someone calling you.
Line Test
This screen is only available for supervisors. Use this screen to do
various tests for a phone line.
System Monitor
Log
Traffic Status
System Log
Use this screen to view the status of events that occurred to the
Device. You can export or e-mail the logs.
Security Log
Use this screen to view the login record of the Device. You can export
or e-mail the logs.
WAN
Use this screen to view the status of all network traffic going through
the WAN port of the Device.
LAN
Use this screen to view the status of all network traffic going through
the LAN ports of the Device.
NAT
Use this screen to view NAT statistics for connected hosts.
VoIP Status
Use this screen to view VoIP registration, current call statust and
phone numbers for the phone ports.
ARP Table
Use this screen to view the ARP table. It displays the IP and MAC
address of each DHCP connection.
Routing Table
Use this screen to view the routing table on the Device.
IGMP/MLD
Group Status
Use this screen to view the status of all IGMP settings on the Device.
xDSL Statistics
Use this screen to view the Device’s xDSL traffic statistics.
3G Statistics
Use this screen to look at 3G Internet connection status.
Maintenance
VMG8924-B10A User’s Guide
31
Chapter 2 The Web Configurator
Table 3 Navigation Panel Summary (continued)
LINK
TAB
User Account
Use this screen to change user password on the Device.
Remote MGMT
Use this screen to enable specific traffic directions for network
services.
TR-069 Client
Use this screen to configure the Device to be managed by an Auto
Configuration Server (ACS).
TR-064
Use this screen to enable management via TR-064 on the LAN.
SNMP
Use this screen to configure SNMP (Simple Network Management
Protocol) settings.
Time
Use this screen to change your Device’s time and date.
Email
Notification
Use this screen to configure up to two mail servers and sender
addresses on the Device.
Log Setting
Use this screen to change your Device’s log settings.
Firmware
Upgrade
Use this screen to upload firmware to your device.
Configuration
Use this screen to backup and restore your device’s configuration
(settings) or reset the factory default settings.
Reboot
Diagnostic
32
FUNCTION
Use this screen to reboot the Device without turning the power off.
Ping &
Traceroute &
Nslookup
Use this screen to identify problems with the DSL connection. You can
use Ping, TraceRoute, or Nslookup to help you identify problems.
802.1ag
Use this screen to configure CFM (Connectivity Fault Management)
MD (maintenance domain) and MA (maintenance association),
perform connectivity tests and view test reports.
OAM Ping
Use this screen to view information to help you identify problems with
the DSL connection.
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C HAPT ER
Quick Start
3.1 Overview
Use the Quick Start screens to configure the Device’s time zone, basic Internet access, and wireless
settings.
Note: See the technical reference chapters (starting on page 35) for background
information on the features in this chapter.
3.2 Quick Start Setup
The Quick Start Wizard appears automatically after login. Or you can click the Click Start icon in
the top right corner of the web configurator to open the quick start screens. Select the time zone of
the Device’s location and click Next.
Figure 12 Time Zone
VMG8924-B10A User’s Guide
33
Chapter 3 Quick Start
Enter your Internet connection information in this screen. The screen and fields to enter may vary
depending on your current connection type. Click Next. Click Next.
Figure 13 Internet Connection
Turn the wireless LAN on or off. If you keep it on, record the security settings so you can configure
your wireless clients to connect to the Device. Click Save.
Figure 14 Internet Connection
34
Your Device saves your settings and attempts to connect to the Internet.
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P ART II
Technical Reference
35
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C HAPT ER
Network Map and Status Screens
4.1 Overview
After you log into the Web Configurator, the Network Map screen appears. This shows the network
connection status of the Device and clients connected to it.
You can use the Status screen to look at the current status of the Device, system resources, and
interfaces (LAN, WAN, and WLAN).
4.2 The Network Map Screen
Use this screen to view the network connection status of the device and its clients. A warning
message appears if there is a connection problem.
Figure 15 Network Map: Icon View Mode
VMG8924-B10A User’s Guide
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Chapter 4 Network Map and Status Screens
If you want to view information about a client, click the client’s name and Info. Click the IP address
if you want to change it. If you want to change the name or icon of the client, click Change name/
icon.
If you prefer to view the status in a list, click List View in the Viewing mode selection box. You
can configure how often you want the Device to update this screen in Refresh interval.
Figure 16 Network Map: List View Mode
4.3 The Status Screen
Use this screen to view the status of the Device. Click Status to open this screen.
Figure 17 Status Screen
38
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Chapter 4 Network Map and Status Screens
Each field is described in the following table.
Table 4 Status Screen
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Refresh Interval
Select how often you want the Device to update this screen.
Device Information
Host Name
This field displays the Device system name. It is used for identification.
Model Number
This shows the model number of your Device.
Firmware
Version
This is the current version of the firmware inside the Device.
WAN Information (These fields display when you have a WAN connection.)
WAN Type
This field displays the current WAN connection type.
MAC Address
This shows the WAN Ethernet adapter MAC (Media Access Control) Address of your
Device.
IP Address
This field displays the current IP address of the Device in the WAN. Click Release to
release your IP address to 0.0.0.0. If you want to renew your IP address, click Renew.
IP Subnet Mask
This field displays the current subnet mask in the WAN.
Encapsulation
This field displays the current encapsulation method.
LAN Information
IPv4 Address
This is the current IPv4 IP address of the Device in the LAN.
IPv4 Subnet
Mask
This is the current subnet mask in the LAN.
DHCP
This field displays what DHCP services the Device is providing to the LAN. Choices are:
Server - The Device is a DHCP server in the LAN. It assigns IP addresses to other
computers in the LAN.
Relay - The Device acts as a surrogate DHCP server and relays DHCP requests and
responses between the remote server and the clients.
None - The Device is not providing any DHCP services to the LAN.
MAC Address
This shows the LAN Ethernet adapter MAC (Media Access Control) Address of your
Device.
WLAN Information
MAC Address
This shows the wireless adapter MAC (Media Access Control) Address of your Device.
Status
This displays whether WLAN is activated.
SSID
This is the descriptive name used to identify the Device in a wireless LAN.
Channel
This is the channel number used by the Device now.
Security
This displays the type of security mode the Device is using in the wireless LAN.
802.11 Mode
This displays the type of 802.11 mode the Device is using in the wireless LAN.
WPS
This displays whether WPS is activated.
Security
Firewall
This displays the firewall’s current security level.
System Status
System Up
Time
This field displays how long the Device has been running since it last started up. The
Device starts up when you plug it in, when you restart it (Maintenance > Reboot), or
when you reset it.
Current Date/
Time
This field displays the current date and time in the Device. You can change this in
Maintenance> Time Setting.
System Resource
VMG8924-B10A User’s Guide
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Chapter 4 Network Map and Status Screens
Table 4 Status Screen (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
CPU Usage
This field displays what percentage of the Device’s processing ability is currently used.
When this percentage is close to 100%, the Device is running at full load, and the
throughput is not going to improve anymore. If you want some applications to have
more throughput, you should turn off other applications (for example, using QoS; see
Chapter 9 on page 137).
Memory Usage
This field displays what percentage of the Device’s memory is currently used. Usually,
this percentage should not increase much. If memory usage does get close to 100%, the
Device is probably becoming unstable, and you should restart the device. See Section
39.2 on page 311, or turn off the device (unplug the power) for a few seconds.
NAT Session
Usage
This field displays what percentage of the Device supported NAT sessions are currently
being used.
Interface Status
Interface
This column displays each interface the Device has.
Status
This field indicates the interface’s use status.
For the DSL interface, this field displays Down (line down), Up (line up or connected)
and Drop (dropping a call) if you're using PPPoE encapsulation.
For the Ethernet WAN and LAN interface, this field displays Up when using the interface
and NoLink when not using the interface.
For the WLAN interface, this field displays the enabled (Active) or disabled (InActive)
state of the interface.
For the 3G USB interface, this field displays Up when using the interface and NoDevice
when no device is detected in any USB slot.
Rate
For the Ethernet WAN and LAN interface, this displays the port speed and duplex setting.
For the DSL interface, it displays the downstream and upstream transmission rate.
For the WLAN interface, it displays the maximum transmission rate or N/A with WLAN
disabled.
For the 3G USB interface, this field displays Up when a 3G USB device is installed in a
USB slot and NoDevice when no device is detected in any USB slot.
Registration Status
Account
This column displays each SIP account in the Device.
Action
If the SIP account is already registered with the SIP server, the Account Status field
displays Registered.
Click Unregister to delete the SIP account’s registration in the SIP server. This does not
cancel your SIP account, but it deletes the mapping between your SIP identity and your
IP address or domain name.
If the SIP account is not registered with the SIP server, the Account Status field
displays Not Registered.
Click Register to have the Device attempt to register the SIP account with the SIP
server.
The button is grayed out if the SIP account is disabled.
40
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Chapter 4 Network Map and Status Screens
Table 4 Status Screen (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Account Status
This field displays the current registration status of the SIP account. You have to register
SIP accounts with a SIP server to use VoIP.
Inactive - The SIP account is not active. You can activate it in VoIP > SIP > SIP
Account.
Not Registered - The last time the Device tried to register the SIP account with the
SIP server, the attempt failed. Use the Register button to register the account again.
The Device automatically tries to register the SIP account when you turn on the Device
or when you activate it.
Registered - The SIP account is already registered with the SIP server. You can use it
to make a VoIP call.
Service-Provider
This column displays the service provider name and SIP number for each SIP account.
URI
This field displays the account number and service domain of the SIP account. You can
change these in the VoIP > SIP screens.
VMG8924-B10A User’s Guide
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Chapter 4 Network Map and Status Screens
42
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C HAPT ER
Broadband
5.1 Overview
This chapter discusses the Device’s Broadband screens. Use these screens to configure your
Device for Internet access.
A WAN (Wide Area Network) connection is an outside connection to another network or the
Internet. It connects your private networks, such as a LAN (Local Area Network) and other
networks, so that a computer in one location can communicate with computers in other locations.
Figure 18 LAN and WAN
WAN
3G (third generation) standards for the sending and receiving of voice, video, and data in a mobile
environment.
You can attach a 3G wireless adapter to the USB port and set the Device to use this 3G connection
as your WAN or a backup when the wired WAN connection fails.
Figure 19 3G WAN Connection
5.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
• Use the Broadband screen to view, remove or add a WAN interface. You can also configure the
WAN settings on the Device for Internet access (Section 5.2 on page 47).
• Use the 3G Backup screen to configure 3G WAN connection (Section 5.3 on page 57).
VMG8924-B10A User’s Guide
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Chapter 5 Broadband
• Use the Advanced screen to enable or disable PTM over ADSL, Annex M/Annex J, and DSL PhyR
functions (Section 5.4 on page 61).
• Use the 802.1x screen to view and configure the IEEE 802.1X settings on the Device (Section
5.5 on page 62).
• Use the Wan Status screen to view a WAN interface’s historical traffic transmission rate.
(Section 5.6 on page 63).
Table 5 WAN Setup Overview
LAYER-2 INTERFACE
CONNECTION
ADSL/VDSL
over PTM
ADSL over ATM
EtherWAN
INTERNET CONNECTION
DSL LINK
TYPE
MODE
ENCAPSULATION
CONNECTION SETTINGS
N/A
Routing
PPPoE
PPP information, IPv4/IPv6 IP
address, routing feature, DNS
server, VLAN, QoS, and MTU
IPoE
IPv4/IPv6 IP address, routing
feature, DNS server, VLAN, QoS,
and MTU
Bridge
N/A
VLAN and QoS
Routing
PPPoE/PPP0A
ATM PVC configuration, PPP
information, IPv4/IPv6 IP address,
routing feature, DNS server, VLAN,
QoS, and MTU
IPoE/IPoA
ATM PVC configuration, IPv4/IPv6
IP address, routing feature, DNS
server, VLAN, QoS, and MTU
Bridge
N/A
ATM PVC configuration, and QoS
Routing
PPPoE
PPP user name and password, WAN
IPv4/IPv6 IP address, routing
feature, DNS server, VLAN, QoS,
and MTU
IPoE
WAN IPv4/IPv6 IP address, NAT,
DNS server and routing feature
N/A
VLAN and QoS
EoA
N/A
Bridge
5.1.2 What You Need to Know
The following terms and concepts may help as you read this chapter.
Encapsulation Method
Encapsulation is used to include data from an upper layer protocol into a lower layer protocol. To set
up a WAN connection to the Internet, you need to use the same encapsulation method used by your
ISP (Internet Service Provider). If your ISP offers a dial-up Internet connection using PPPoE (PPP
over Ethernet), they should also provide a username and password (and service name) for user
authentication.
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WAN IP Address
The WAN IP address is an IP address for the Device, which makes it accessible from an outside
network. It is used by the Device to communicate with other devices in other networks. It can be
static (fixed) or dynamically assigned by the ISP each time the Device tries to access the Internet.
If your ISP assigns you a static WAN IP address, they should also assign you the subnet mask and
DNS server IP address(es).
ATM
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is a WAN networking technology that provides high-speed data
transfer. ATM uses fixed-size packets of information called cells. With ATM, a high QoS (Quality of
Service) can be guaranteed. ATM uses a connection-oriented model and establishes a virtual circuit
(VC) between Finding Out More
PTM
Packet Transfer Mode (PTM) is packet-oriented and supported by the VDSL2 standard. In PTM,
packets are encapsulated directly in the High-level Data Link Control (HDLC) frames. It is designed
to provide a low-overhead, transparent way of transporting packets over DSL links, as an
alternative to ATM.
3G
3G (Third Generation) is a digital, packet-switched wireless technology. Bandwidth usage is
optimized as multiple users share the same channel and bandwidth is only allocated to users when
they send data. It allows fast transfer of voice and non-voice data and provides broadband Internet
access to mobile devices.
IPv6 Introduction
IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6), is designed to enhance IP address size and features. The
increase in IPv6 address size to 128 bits (from the 32-bit IPv4 address) allows up to 3.4 x 1038 IP
addresses. The Device can use IPv4/IPv6 dual stack to connect to IPv4 and IPv6 networks, and
supports IPv6 rapid deployment (6RD).
IPv6 Addressing
The 128-bit IPv6 address is written as eight 16-bit hexadecimal blocks separated by colons (:). This
is an example IPv6 address 2001:0db8:1a2b:0015:0000:0000:1a2f:0000.
IPv6 addresses can be abbreviated in two ways:
• Leading zeros in a block can be omitted. So
2001:0db8:1a2b:0015:0000:0000:1a2f:0000 can be written as
2001:db8:1a2b:15:0:0:1a2f:0.
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Chapter 5 Broadband
• Any number of consecutive blocks of zeros can be replaced by a double colon. A double
colon can only appear once in an IPv6 address. So
2001:0db8:0000:0000:1a2f:0000:0000:0015 can be written as
2001:0db8::1a2f:0000:0000:0015, 2001:0db8:0000:0000:1a2f::0015,
2001:db8::1a2f:0:0:15 or 2001:db8:0:0:1a2f::15.
IPv6 Prefix and Prefix Length
Similar to an IPv4 subnet mask, IPv6 uses an address prefix to represent the network address. An
IPv6 prefix length specifies how many most significant bits (start from the left) in the address
compose the network address. The prefix length is written as “/x” where x is a number. For
example,
2001:db8:1a2b:15::1a2f:0/32
means that the first 32 bits (2001:db8) is the subnet prefix.
IPv6 Subnet Masking
Both an IPv6 address and IPv6 subnet mask compose of 128-bit binary digits, which are divided
into eight 16-bit blocks and written in hexadecimal notation. Hexadecimal uses four bits for each
character (1 ~ 10, A ~ F). Each block’s 16 bits are then represented by four hexadecimal
characters. For example, FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FC00:0000:0000:0000.
IPv6 Rapid Deployment
Use IPv6 Rapid Deployment (6rd) when the local network uses IPv6 and the ISP has an IPv4
network. When the Device has an IPv4 WAN address and you set IPv6/IPv4 Mode to IPv4 Only,
you can enable 6rd to encapsulate IPv6 packets in IPv4 packets to cross the ISP’s IPv4 network.
The Device generates a global IPv6 prefix from its IPv4 WAN address and tunnels IPv6 traffic to the
ISP’s Border Relay router (BR in the figure) to connect to the native IPv6 Internet. The local
network can also use IPv4 services. The Device uses it’s configured IPv4 WAN IP to route IPv4
traffic to the IPv4 Internet.
Figure 20 IPv6 Rapid Deployment
LAN
- IPv6
- IPv4
WAN
- IPv4
- IPv6 in IPv4
ISP (IPv4)
IPv6 in IPv4
IPv6 + IPv4
BR
IPv6 Internet
IPv4
IPv4 Internet
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Dual Stack Lite
Use Dual Stack Lite when local network computers use IPv4 and the ISP has an IPv6 network.
When the Device has an IPv6 WAN address and you set IPv6/IPv4 Mode to IPv6 Only, you can
enable Dual Stack Lite to use IPv4 computers and services.
The Device tunnels IPv4 packets inside IPv6 encapsulation packets to the ISP’s Address Family
Transition Router (AFTR in the graphic) to connect to the IPv4 Internet. The local network can also
use IPv6 services. The Device uses it’s configured IPv6 WAN IP to route IPv6 traffic to the IPv6
Internet.
Figure 21 Dual Stack Lite
LAN
- IPv6
- IPv4
IPv6 + IPv4
WAN
- IPv6
- IPv4 in IPv6
ISP (IPv6)
IPv6
IPv6 Internet
IPv4 in IPv6
AFTR
IPv4 Internet
5.1.3 Before You Begin
You need to know your Internet access settings such as encapsulation and WAN IP address. Get this
information from your ISP.
5.2 The Broadband Screen
Use this screen to change your Device’s Internet access settings. Click Network Setting >
Broadband from the menu. The summary table shows you the configured WAN services
(connections) on the Device.
Figure 22 Network Setting > Broadband
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Chapter 5 Broadband
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 6 Network Setting > Broadband
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Add New WAN
Interface
Click this button to create a new connection.
This is the index number of the entry.
Name
This is the service name of the connection.
Type
This shows whether it is an ATM, Ethernet or a PTM connection.
Mode
This shows whether the connection is in routing or bridge mode.
Encapsulation
This is the method of encapsulation used by this connection.
802.1p
This indicates the 802.1p priority level assigned to traffic sent through this connection. This
displays N/A when there is no priority level assigned.
802.1q
This indicates the VLAN ID number assigned to traffic sent through this connection. This
displays N/A when there is no VLAN ID number assigned.
IGMP Proxy
This shows whether the Device act as an IGMP proxy on this connection.
NAT
This shows whether NAT is activated or not for this connection.
Default
Gateway
This shows whether the Device use the WAN interface of this connection as the system
default gateway.
IPv6
This shows whether IPv6 is activated or not for this connection. IPv6 is not available when
the connection uses the bridging service.
MLD Proxy
This shows whether Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) is activated or not for this
connection. MLD is not available when the connection uses the bridging service.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to configure the WAN connection.
Click the Delete icon to remove the WAN connection.
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5.2.1 Add/Edit Internet Connection
Click Add New WAN Interface in the Broadband screen or the Edit icon next to an existing WAN
interface to configure a WAN connection. The screen varies depending on the interface type, mode,
encapsulation, and IPv6/IPv4 mode you select.
5.2.1.1 Routing Mode
Use Routing mode if your ISP give you one IP address only and you want multiple computers to
share an Internet account.
The following example screen displays when you select the ADSL/VDSL over ATM connection
type, Routing mode, and PPPoE encapsulation. The screen varies when you select other interface
type, encapsulation, and IPv6/IPv4 mode.
Figure 23 Network Setting > Broadband > Add New WAN Interface/Edit (Routing Mode)
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 7 Network Setting > Broadband > Add New WAN Interface/Edit (Routing Mode)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
General
Active
Select this to activate the WAN configuration settings.
Name
Specify a descriptive name for this connection.
Type
Select whether it is an ADSL/VDSL over PTM, ADSL over ATM connection or Ethernet.
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Table 7 Network Setting > Broadband > Add New WAN Interface/Edit (Routing Mode) (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Mode
Select Routing if your ISP give you one IP address only and you want multiple computers to
share an Internet account.
Encapsulation
Select the method of encapsulation used by your ISP from the drop-down list box. This
option is available only when you select Routing in the Mode field.
The choices depend on the connection type you selected. If your connection type is ADSL/
VDSL over PTM, the choices are PPPoE and IPoE. If your connection type is ADSL over
ATM, the choices are PPPoE, PPPoA, IPoE and IPoA.
IPv6/IPv4 Mode Select IPv4 Only if you want the Device to run IPv4 only.
Select IPv6/IPv4 DualStack to allow the Device to run IPv4 and IPv6 at the same time.
Select IPv6 Only if you want the Device to run IPv6 only.
ATM PVC Configuration (These fields appear when the Type is set to ADSL over ATM.)
VPI
The valid range for the VPI is 0 to 255. Enter the VPI assigned to you.
VCI
The valid range for the VCI is 32 to 65535 (0 to 31 is reserved for local management of ATM
traffic). Enter the VCI assigned to you.
DSL Link Type
This field is not editable. The selection depends on the setting in the Encapsulation field.
EoA (Ethernet over ATM) uses an Ethernet header in the packet, so that you can have
multiple services/connections over one PVC. You can set each connection to have its own
MAC address or all connections share one MAC address but use different VLAN IDs for
different services. EoA supports ENET ENCAP (IPoE), PPPoE and RFC1483/2684 bridging
encapsulation methods.
PPPoA (PPP over ATM) allows just one PPPoA connection over a PVC.
IPoA (IP over ATM) allows just one RFC 1483 routing connection over a PVC.
Encapsulation
Mode
Select the method of multiplexing used by your ISP from the drop-down list box. Choices
are:
•
•
•
•
Service
Category
LLC/SNAP-BRIDGING: In LCC encapsulation, bridged PDUs are encapsulated by
identifying the type of the bridged media in the SNAP header. This is available only when
you select IPoE or PPPoE in the Select DSL Link Type field.
VC/MUX: In VC multiplexing, each protocol is carried on a single ATM virtual circuit
(VC). To transport multiple protocols, the Device needs separate VCs. There is a binding
between a VC and the type of the network protocol carried on the VC. This reduces
payload overhead since there is no need to carry protocol information in each Protocol
Data Unit (PDU) payload.
LLC/ENCAPSULATION: More than one protocol can be carried over the same VC. This
is available only when you select PPPoA in the Encapsulation field.
LLC/SNAP-ROUTING: In LCC encapsulation, an IEEE 802.2 Logical Link Control (LLC)
header is prefixed to each routed PDU to identify the PDUs. The LCC header can be
followed by an IEEE 802.1a SubNetwork Attachment Point (SNAP) header. This is
available only when you select IPoA in the Encapsulation field.
Select UBR Without PCR or UBR With PCR for applications that are non-time sensitive,
such as e-mail.
Select CBR (Continuous Bit Rate) to specify fixed (always-on) bandwidth for voice or data
traffic.
Select Non Realtime VBR (non real-time Variable Bit Rate) for connections that do not
require closely controlled delay and delay variation.
Select Realtime VBR (real-time Variable Bit Rate) for applications with bursty connections
that require closely controlled delay and delay variation.
Peak Cell Rate
50
Divide the DSL line rate (bps) by 424 (the size of an ATM cell) to find the Peak Cell Rate
(PCR). This is the maximum rate at which the sender can send cells. Type the PCR here.This
field is not available when you select UBR Without PCR.
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Table 7 Network Setting > Broadband > Add New WAN Interface/Edit (Routing Mode) (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Sustainable
Cell Rate
The Sustainable Cell Rate (SCR) sets the average cell rate (long-term) that can be
transmitted. Type the SCR, which must be less than the PCR. Note that system default is 0
cells/sec.
This field is available only when you select Non Realtime VBR or Realtime VBR.
Maximum Burst
Size
Maximum Burst Size (MBS) refers to the maximum number of cells that can be sent at the
peak rate. Type the MBS, which is less than 65535.
This field is available only when you select Non Realtime VBR or Realtime VBR.
PPP Information (This is available only when you select PPPoE or PPPoA in the Mode field.)
PPP User Name
Enter the user name exactly as your ISP assigned. If assigned a name in the form
user@domain where domain identifies a service name, then enter both components exactly
as given.
PPP Password
Enter the password associated with the user name above. Select password unmask to
show your entered password in plain text.
PPP Triger Type
Select when to have the Device establish the PPP connection.
Auto Connect - select this to not let the connection time out.
Connect on Demand - select this to automatically bring up the connection when the
Device receives packets destined for the Internet.Manual - select this if you want to
manually trigger the connection up.
Idle Timeout
This value specifies the time in minutes that elapses before the router automatically
disconnects from the PPPoE server.
This field is not configurable if you select Auto Connect in the PPP Triger Type field.
PPPoE Service
Name
Enter the name of your PPPoE service here.
PPPoE
Passthrough
This field is available when you select PPPoE encapsulation.
In addition to the Device’s built-in PPPoE client, you can enable PPPoE pass through to allow
up to ten hosts on the LAN to use PPPoE client software on their computers to connect to the
ISP via the Device. Each host can have a separate account and a public WAN IP address.
PPPoE pass through is an alternative to NAT for application where NAT is not appropriate.
Disable PPPoE pass through if you do not need to allow hosts on the LAN to use PPPoE client
software on their computers to connect to the ISP.
IP Address (This is available only when you select IPv4 Only or IPv6/IPv4 DualStack in the IPv6/IPv4
Mode field.)
Obtain an IP
Address
Automatically
A static IP address is a fixed IP that your ISP gives you. A dynamic IP address is not fixed;
the ISP assigns you a different one each time you connect to the Internet. Select this if you
have a dynamic IP address.
DHCP
option 60/
Vendor ID
This field displays when editing an existing WAN interface. Type the class vender ID you
want the Device to add in the DHCP Discovery packets that go to the DHCP server.
DHCP
option 43
Enable
This field displays when editing an existing WAN interface. Type the vender specific
information you want the Device to add in the DHCP Offer packets. The information is used,
for example, for configuring an ACS’s (Auto Configuration Server) URL.
Static IP
Address
Select this option If the ISP assigned a fixed IP address.
IP Address
Enter the static IP address provided by your ISP.
Subnet
Mask
Enter the subnet mask provided by your ISP.
Gateway IP
Address
Enter the gateway IP address provided by your ISP.
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Table 7 Network Setting > Broadband > Add New WAN Interface/Edit (Routing Mode) (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Routing Feature (This is available only when you select IPv4 Only or IPv6/IPv4 DualStack in the IPv6/
IPv4 Mode field.)
NAT Enable
Select this option to activate NAT on this connection.
IGMP Proxy
Enable
Internet Group Multicast Protocol (IGMP) is a network-layer protocol used to establish
membership in a Multicast group - it is not used to carry user data.
Select this option to have the Device act as an IGMP proxy on this connection. This allows
the Device to get subscribing information and maintain a joined member list for each
multicast group. It can reduce multicast traffic significantly.
Apply as
Default
Gateway
Select this option to have the Device use the WAN interface of this connection as the system
default gateway.
DNS Server (This is available only when you select IPv4 Only or IPv6/IPv4 DualStack in the IPv6/IPv4
Mode field.)
DNS
Select Dynamic if you want the Device use the DNS server addresses assigned by your ISP.
Select Static if you want the Device use the DNS server addresses you configure manually.
DNS Server 1
Enter the first DNS server address assigned by the ISP.
DNS Server 2
Enter the second DNS server address assigned by the ISP.
WAN MAC Address
Factory
Default
Select Factory Default to use the factory assigned default MAC address.
Clone the
computer’s
MAC
address - IP
Address
Select this option and enter the IP address of the computer on the LAN whose MAC you are
cloning. It is advisable to clone the MAC address from a computer on your LAN even if your
ISP does not presently require MAC address authentication.
Set WAN
MAC
Address
Select this option and enter the MAC address you want to use.
Tunnel (This is available only when you select IPv4 Only or IPv6 Only in the IPv6/IPv4 Mode field.)
The DS-Lite (Dual Stack Lite) fields display when you set the IPv6/IPv4 Mode field to IPv6 Only.
Enable Dual Stack Lite to let local computers use IPv4 through an ISP’s IPv6 network. See Dual Stack Lite on
page 47 for more information.
The 6RD (IPv6 rapid deployment) fields display when you set the IPv6/IPv4 Mode field to IPv4 Only. See
IPv6 Rapid Deployment on page 46 for more information.
Enable DS-Lite
This is available only when you select IPv6 Only in the IPv6/IPv4 Mode field. Select
Enable to let local computers use IPv4 through an ISP’s IPv6 network.
DS-Lite Relay
Server IP
Specify the transition router’s IPv6 address.
Enable 6RD
This is available only when you select IPv4 Only in the IPv6/IPv4 Mode field. Select
Enable to tunnel IPv6 traffic from the local network through the ISP’s IPv4 network.
6RD Type
Select Static if you have the IPv4 address of the relay server, otherwise select DHCP to
have the Device detect it automatically through DHCP.
IPv4 Mask
Length
Enter the subnet mask number (1~32) for the IPv4 network.
6RD Border
Relay Server IP
When you set the 6RD Type to Static, specify the relay server’s IPv4 address in this field.
6RD IPv6 Prefix
Enter an IPv6 prefix for tunneling IPv6 traffic to the ISP’s border relay router and connecting
to the native IPv6 Internet.
IPv6 Address (This is available only when you select IPv6/IPv4 DualStack or IPv6 Only in the IPv6/IPv4
Mode field.)
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Table 7 Network Setting > Broadband > Add New WAN Interface/Edit (Routing Mode) (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
IPv6 Address
Select Automatic if you want to have the Device use the IPv6 prefix from the connected
router’s Router Advertisement (RA) to generate an IPv6 address.
•
•
Select Get IPv6 Address From DHCPv6 Server(IA_NA) if you want to obtain an IPv6
address from a DHCPv6 server. The IP address assigned by a DHCPv6 server has priority
over the IP address automatically generated by the Device using the IPv6 prefix from an
RA. This option is available only when you choose to get your IPv6 address
automatically.
Select Prefix Delegation(IA_PD) to use DHCP PD (Prefix Delegation) which enables
the Device to pass the IPv6 prefix information to its LAN hosts. The hosts can then use
the prefix to generate their IPv6 addresses.
Select Static if you have a fixed IPv6 address assigned by your ISP.
Select None to not assign any IPv6 address to this WAN connection.
WAN IPv6
Address
Enter the IPv6 address assigned by your ISP.
Prefix
Length
Enter the address prefix length to specify how many most significant bits in an IPv6 address
compose the network address.
Next Hop
Enter the IP address of the next-hop gateway. The gateway is a router or switch on the
same segment as your Device's interface(s). The gateway helps forward packets to their
destinations.
IPv6 Routing Feature (This is available only when you select IPv6/IPv4 DualStack or IPv6 Only in the
IPv6/IPv4 Mode field. You can enable IPv6 routing features in the following section.)
MLD Proxy
Enable
Select this checkbox to have the Device act as an MLD proxy on this connection. This allows
the Device to get subscription information and maintain a joined member list for each
multicast group. It can reduce multicast traffic significantly.
Apply as
Default
Gateway
Select this option to have the Device use the WAN interface of this connection as the system
default gateway.
IPv6 DNS
Server
Configure the IPv6 DNS server in the following section.
IPv6 DNS
Select Dynamic to have the Device get the IPv6 DNS server addresses from the ISP
automatically.
Select Static to have the Device use the IPv6 DNS server addresses you configure
manually.
IPv6 DNS
Server 1
Enter the first IPv6 DNS server address assigned by the ISP.
IPv6 DNS
Server 2
Enter the second IPv6 DNS server address assigned by the ISP.
VLAN (These fields appear when the Type is set to ADSL/VDSL over PTM.)
Active
Select this option to add the VLAN tag (specified below) to the outgoing traffic through this
connection.
802.1p
IEEE 802.1p defines up to 8 separate traffic types by inserting a tag into a MAC-layer frame
that contains bits to define class of service.
Select the IEEE 802.1p priority level (from 0 to 7) to add to traffic through this connection.
The greater the number, the higher the priority level.
802.1q
Type the VLAN ID number (from 1 to 4094) for traffic through this connection.
QoS
Rate Limit
Enter the rate limit for the connection. This is the maximum transmission rate allowed for
traffic on this connection.
WAN Outgoing
Default Tag
Select Enable and enter a DSCP (DiffServ Code Point) value to have the Device add it in the
packets sent by this WAN interface.
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Table 7 Network Setting > Broadband > Add New WAN Interface/Edit (Routing Mode) (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
MTU
MTU Size
Enter the MTU (Maximum Transfer Unit) size for this traffic.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the Device.
Cancel
Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
5.2.1.2 Bridge Mode
Click the Add new WAN Interface in the Network Setting > Broadband screen or the Edit icon
next to the connection you want to configure. Select Bridge as the encapsulation mode. The screen
varies depending on the interface type you select.
If you select ADSL/VDSL over PTM as the interface type, the following screen appears.
Figure 24 Network Setting > Broadband > Add New WAN Interface/Edit (Bridge Mode )
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 8 Network Setting > Broadband > Add New WAN Interface/Edit (Bridge Mode)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
General
54
Active
Select this to activate the WAN configuration settings.
Name
Enter a service name of the connection.
Type
Select ADSL/VDSL over PTM as the interface that you want to configure. The Device uses
the VDSL technology for data transmission over the DSL port.
Mode
Select Bridge when your ISP provides you more than one IP address and you want the
connected computers to get individual IP address from ISP’s DHCP server directly. If you
select Bridge, you cannot use routing functions, such as QoS, Firewall, DHCP server and
NAT on traffic from the selected LAN port(s).
VLAN
This section is available only when you select ADSL/VDSL over PTM in the Type field.
Active
Select this to add the VLAN Tag (specified below) to the outgoing traffic through this
connection.
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Table 8 Network Setting > Broadband > Add New WAN Interface/Edit (Bridge Mode) (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
802.1p
IEEE 802.1p defines up to 8 separate traffic types by inserting a tag into a MAC-layer frame
that contains bits to define class of service.
Select the IEEE 802.1p priority level (from 0 to 7) to add to traffic through this connection.
The greater the number, the higher the priority level.
802.1q
Type the VLAN ID number (from 0 to 4094) for traffic through this connection.
QoS
Rate Limit
Enter the rate limit for the connection. This is the maximum transmission rate allowed for
traffic on this connection.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
If you select ADSL over ATM as the interface type, the following screen appears.
Figure 25 Network Setting > Broadband > Add New WAN Interface/Edit (ADSL over ATM-Bridge
Mode)
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 9 Network Setting > Broadband > Add New WAN Interface/Edit (ADSL over ATM - Bridge
Mode)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
General
Active
Select this to activate the WAN configuration settings.
Name
Enter a service name of the connection.
Type
Select ADSL over ATM as the interface for which you want to configure here. The Device
uses the ADSL technology for data transmission over the DSL port.
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Table 9 Network Setting > Broadband > Add New WAN Interface/Edit (ADSL over ATM - Bridge
Mode) (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Mode
Select Bridge when your ISP provides you more than one IP address and you want the
connected computers to get individual IP address from ISP’s DHCP server directly. If you
select Bridge, you cannot use routing functions, such as QoS, Firewall, DHCP server and
NAT on traffic from the selected LAN port(s).
ATM PVC Configuration (These fields appear when the Type is set to ADSL over ATM.)
VPI
The valid range for the VPI is 0 to 255. Enter the VPI assigned to you.
VCI
The valid range for the VCI is 32 to 65535 (0 to 31 is reserved for local management of ATM
traffic). Enter the VCI assigned to you.
DSL Link Type
This field is not editable. The selection depends on the setting in the Encapsulation field.
EoA (Ethernet over ATM) uses an Ethernet header in the packet, so that you can have
multiple services/connections over one PVC. You can set each connection to have its own
MAC address or all connections share one MAC address but use different VLAN IDs for
different services. EoA supports ENET ENCAP (IPoE), PPPoE and RFC1483/2684 bridging
encapsulation methods.
PPPoA (PPP over ATM) allows just one PPPoA connection over a PVC.
IPoA (IP over ATM) allows just one RFC 1483 routing connection over a PVC.
Encapsulation
Mode
Select the method of multiplexing used by your ISP from the drop-down list box. Choices
are:
•
•
•
•
Service
Category
LLC/SNAP-BRIDGING: In LCC encapsulation, bridged PDUs are encapsulated by
identifying the type of the bridged media in the SNAP header. This is available only when
you select IPoE or PPPoE in the Select DSL Link Type field.
VC/MUX: In VC multiplexing, each protocol is carried on a single ATM virtual circuit
(VC). To transport multiple protocols, the Device needs separate VCs. There is a binding
between a VC and the type of the network protocol carried on the VC. This reduces
payload overhead since there is no need to carry protocol information in each Protocol
Data Unit (PDU) payload.
LLC/ENCAPSULATION: More than one protocol can be carried over the same VC. This
is available only when you select PPPoA in the Encapsulation field.
LLC/SNAP-ROUTING: In LCC encapsulation, an IEEE 802.2 Logical Link Control (LLC)
header is prefixed to each routed PDU to identify the PDUs. The LCC header can be
followed by an IEEE 802.1a SubNetwork Attachment Point (SNAP) header. This is
available only when you select IPoA in the Encapsulation field.
Select UBR Without PCR or UBR With PCR for applications that are non-time sensitive,
such as e-mail.
Select CBR (Continuous Bit Rate) to specify fixed (always-on) bandwidth for voice or data
traffic.
Select Non Realtime VBR (non real-time Variable Bit Rate) for connections that do not
require closely controlled delay and delay variation.
Select Realtime VBR (real-time Variable Bit Rate) for applications with bursty connections
that require closely controlled delay and delay variation.
Peak Cell Rate
Divide the DSL line rate (bps) by 424 (the size of an ATM cell) to find the Peak Cell Rate
(PCR). This is the maximum rate at which the sender can send cells. Type the PCR here.This
field is not available when you select UBR Without PCR.
Sustainable Cell
Rate
The Sustainable Cell Rate (SCR) sets the average cell rate (long-term) that can be
transmitted. Type the SCR, which must be less than the PCR. Note that system default is 0
cells/sec.
This field is available only when you select Non Realtime VBR or Realtime VBR.
Maximum Burst
Size
Maximum Burst Size (MBS) refers to the maximum number of cells that can be sent at the
peak rate. Type the MBS, which is less than 65535.
This field is available only when you select Non Realtime VBR or Realtime VBR.
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Table 9 Network Setting > Broadband > Add New WAN Interface/Edit (ADSL over ATM - Bridge
Mode) (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
QoS
Rate Limit
Enter the rate limit for the connection. This is the maximum transmission rate allowed for
traffic on this connection.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
5.3 The 3G Backup Screen
The USB ports (at the left side panel of the Device) allow you to attach a 3G dongle to wirelessly
connect to a 3G network for Internet access. You can have the Device use the 3G WAN connection
as a backup. Disconnect the DSL and Ethernet WAN ports to use the 3G dongle as your primary
WAN connection. The Device automatically uses a wired WAN connection when available.
Note: This Device supports connecting one 3G dongle at a time.
Figure 26 Internet Access Application: 3G WAN
Use this screen to configure your 3G settings. Click Network Setting > Broadband > 3G
Backup.
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Chapter 5 Broadband
Note: The actual data rate you obtain varies depending the 3G card you use, the signal
strength to the service provider’s base station, and so on.
Figure 27 Network Setting > Broadband > 3G Backup
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 10 Network Setting > Broadband > 3G Backup
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
General
3G Backup
Select Enable to have the Device use the 3G connection as your WAN or a backup when the
wired WAN connection fails.
Ping Check
Select Enable if you want the Device to ping check the connection status of your WAN. You
can configure the frequency of the ping check and number of consecutive failures before
triggering 3G backup.
Check Cycle
Enter the frequency of the ping check in this field.
Consecutive
PING Fail
Enter how many consecutive failures are required before 3G backup is triggered.
Ping Default
Gateway
Select this to have the Device ping the WAN interface’s default gateway IP address.
Ping the Host
Select this to have the Device ping the particular host name or IP address you typed in this
field.
3G Connection Settings
Card
description
58
This field displays the manufacturer and model name of your 3G card if you inserted one in
the Device. Otherwise, it displays N/A.
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Table 10 Network Setting > Broadband > 3G Backup (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Username
Type the user name (of up to 64 ASCII printable characters) given to you by your service
provider.
Password
Type the password (of up to 64 ASCII printable characters) associated with the user name
above.
PIN
A PIN (Personal Identification Number) code is a key to a 3G card. Without the PIN code,
you cannot use the 3G card.
If your ISP enabled PIN code authentication, enter the 4-digit PIN code (0000 for example)
provided by your ISP. If you enter the PIN code incorrectly, the 3G card may be blocked by
your ISP and you cannot use the account to access the Internet.
If your ISP disabled PIN code authentication, leave this field blank.
Dial string
Enter the phone number (dial string) used to dial up a connection to your service provider’s
base station. Your ISP should provide the phone number.
APN
Enter the APN (Access Point Name) provided by your service provider. Connections with
different APNs may provide different services (such as Internet access or MMS (Multi-Media
Messaging Service)) and charge method.
Connection
Select Nailed UP if you do not want the connection to time out.
For example, *99# is the dial string to establish a GPRS or 3G connection in Taiwan.
You can enter up to 32 ASCII printable characters. Spaces are allowed.
Select on Demand if you do not want the connection up all the time and specify an idle
time-out in the Max Idle Timeout field.
Max Idle
Timeout
This value specifies the time in minutes that elapses before the Device automatically
disconnects from the ISP.
Obtain an IP
Address
Automatically
Select this option if your ISP did not assign you a fixed IP address.
Use the
following static
IP address
Select this option if the ISP assigned a fixed IP address.
IP Address
Enter your WAN IP address in this field if you selected Use the following static IP
address.
Obtain DNS
info
dynamically
Select this to have the Device get the DNS server addresses from the ISP automatically.
Use the
following static
DNS IP address
Select this to have the Device use the DNS server addresses you configure manually.
Primary
DNS server
Enter the first DNS server address assigned by the ISP.
Secondary
DNS server
Enter the second DNS server address assigned by the ISP.
Enable Email
Notification
Select this to enable the e-mail notification function. The Device will e-mail you a
notification when the 3G connection is up.
Mail Server
Select a mail server for the e-mail address specified below.
If you do not select a mail server, e-mail notifications cannot be sent via e-mail. You must
have configured a mail server already in the Maintenance > Email Notification screen.
3G backup
Send Email
Title
VMG8924-B10A User’s Guide
Type a title that you want to be in the subject line of the e-mail notifications that the Device
sends.
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Table 10 Network Setting > Broadband > 3G Backup (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Send
Notification to
Email
Notifications are sent to the e-mail address specified in this field. If this field is left blank,
notifications cannot be sent via e-mail.
Advanced
Click this to show the advanced 3G backup settings.
Budget Setup
Enable Budget
Control
Select Enable to set a monthly limit for the user account of the installed 3G card. You can
set a limit on the total traffic and/or call time. The Device takes the actions you specified
when a limit is exceeded during the month.
Time Budget
Select this and specify the amount of time (in hours) that the 3G connection can be used
within one month. If you change the value after you configure and enable budget control,
the Device resets the statistics.
Data Budget
(Mbytes)
Select this and specify how much downstream and/or upstream data (in Mega bytes) can be
transmitted via the 3G connection within one month.
Select Download/Upload to set a limit on the total traffic in both directions.
Select Download to set a limit on the downstream traffic (from the ISP to the Device).
Select Upload to set a limit on the upstream traffic (from the Device to the ISP).
If you change the value after you configure and enable budget control, the Device resets the
statistics.
Data Budget
(kPackets)
Select this and specify how much downstream and/or upstream data (in k Packets) can be
transmitted via the 3G connection within one month.
Select Download/Upload to set a limit on the total traffic in both directions.
Select Download to set a limit on the downstream traffic (from the ISP to the Device).
Select Upload to set a limit on the upstream traffic (from the Device to the ISP).
If you change the value after you configure and enable budget control, the Device resets the
statistics.
Reset all
budget
counters on
Select the date on which the Device resets the budget every month. Select last if you want
the Device to reset the budget on the last day of the month. Select specific and enter the
number of the date you want the Device to reset the budget
Reset time and
data budget
counters
Click this button to reset the time and data budgets immediately. The count starts over with
the 3G connection’s full configured monthly time and data budgets. This does not affect the
normal monthly budget restart; so if you configured the time and data budget counters to
reset on the second day of the month and you use this button on the first, the time and data
budget counters will still reset on the second.
Actions before
over budget
Specify the actions the Device takes before the time or data limit exceeds.
Enable % of
time budget/
data budget
(Mbytes)/data
budget
(kPackets)
Select Enable and enter a number from 1 to 99 in the percentage fields. If you change the
value after you configure and enable budget control, the Device resets the statistics.
Actions when
over budget
Specify the actions the Device takes when the time or data limit is exceeded.
Current 3G
connection
Select Keep to maintain an existing 3G connection or Drop to disconnect it.
Actions
Enable Email
Notification
60
Select this to enable the e-mail notification function. The Device will e-mail you a
notification when there over budget occurs.
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Table 10 Network Setting > Broadband > 3G Backup (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Mail Server
Select a mail server for the e-mail address specified below.
If you do not select a mail server, e-mail notifications cannot be sent via e-mail. You must
have configured a mail server already in the Maintenance > Email Notification screen.
Over Budget
Email Title
Type a title that you want to be in the subject line of the e-mail notifications that the Device
sends.
Send
Notification to
Email
Notifications are sent to the e-mail address specified in this field. If this field is left blank,
notifications cannot be sent via e-mail.
Interval
Enter the interval of how many minutes you want the Device to e-mail you.
Enable Log
Select this to activate the logging function at the interval you set in this field.
Basic
Click this to hide the advanced settings of 3G backup.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the Device.
Cancel
Click Cancel to return to the previous configuration.
5.4 The Advanced Screen
Use the Advanced screen to enable or disable ADSL over PTM, Annex M, DSL PhyR, and SRA
(Seamless Rate Adaption) functions. The Device supports the PhyR retransmission scheme. PhyR is
a retransmission scheme designed to provide protection against noise on the DSL line. It improves
voice, video and data transmission resilience by utilizing a retransmission buffer.
Click Network Setting > Broadband > Advanced to display the following screen.
Figure 28 Network Setting > Broadband > Advanced
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 11 Network Setting > Network Setting > Broadband
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
ADSL over PTM
Select Enable to use ADSL over PTM. Since PTM has less overhead than ATM, some ISPs
use ADSL over PTM for better performance.
Annex M
You can enable Annex M for the Device to use double upstream mode to increase the
maximum upstream transfer rate.
PhyR US
Enable or disable PhyR US (upstream) for upstream transmission to the WAN. PhyR US
should be enabled if data being transmitted upstream is sensitive to noise. However,
enabling PhyR US can decrease the US line rate. Enabling or disabling PhyR will require the
CPE to retrain. For PhyR to function, the DSLAM must also support PhyR and have it
enabled.
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Table 11 Network Setting > Network Setting > Broadband (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
PhyR DS
Enable or disable PhyR DS (downstream) for downstream transmission from the WAN.
PhyR DS should be enabled if data being transmitted downstream is sensitive to noise.
However, enabling PhyR DS can decrease the DS line rate. Enabling or disabling PhyR will
require the CPE to retrain. For PhyR to function, the DSLAM must also support PhyR and
have it enabled.
SRA
Enable or disable Seamless Rate Adaption (SRA). Select Enable to have the Device
automatically adjust the connection’s data rate according to line conditions without
interrupting service.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the Device.
Cancel
Click Cancel to return to the previous configuration.
5.5 The 802.1x Screen
You can view and configure the 802.1X authentication settings in the 802.1x screen. Click
Network Setting > Broadband > 802.1x to display the following screen.
Figure 29 Network Setting > Broadband > 802.1x
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 12 Network Setting > Network Setting > 802.1x
62
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
This is the index number of the entry.
Status
This field displays whether the authentication is active or not. A yellow bulb signifies that
this authentication is active. A gray bulb signifies that this authentication is not active.
Interface
This is the interface that uses the authentication. This displays N/A when there is no
interface assigned.
EAP Identity
This shows the EAP identity of the authentication. This displays N/A when there is no EAP
identity assigned.
EAP method
This shows the EAP method used in the authentication. This displays N/A when there is no
EAP method assigned.
Bidirectional
Authentication
This shows whether bidirectional authentication is allowed.
Certificate
This shows the certificate used for this authentication. This displays N/A when there is no
certificate assigned.
Trusted CA
This shows the Trusted CA used for this authentication. This displays N/A when there is no
Trusted CA assigned.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the Device.
Cancel
Click Cancel to return to the previous configuration.
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5.5.1 Edit 802.1X Settings
Use this screen to edit 802.1X authentication settings. Click the Edit icon next to the rule you want
to edit. The screen shown next appears.
Figure 30 Network Setting > Broadband > 802.1x: Edit
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 13 Network Setting > Broadband > 802.1x: Edit
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Active
This field allows you to activate/deactivate the authentication.
Select this to enable the authentication. Clear this to disable this authentication without
having to delete the entry.
Interface
Select an interface to which the authentication applies.
EAP Identity
Enter the EAP identity of the authentication.
EAP method
This is the EAP method used for this authentication.
Enable
Bidirectional
Authentication
Select this to allow bidirectional authentication.
Certificate
Select the certificate you want to assign to the authentication. You need to import the
certificate in the Security > Certificates > Local Certificates screen.
Trusted CA
Select the Trusted CA you want to assign to the authentication. You need to import the
certificate in the Security > Certificates > Trusted CA screen.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
5.6 The WAN Status Screen
Click Network Setting > Broadband > Wan Status to open this screen. Use this screen to query
and view the historical traffic transmission rate for a WAN interface in a bar chart. N/A displays if
the specified WAN interface was disconnected at that time.
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Figure 31 Network Setting > Broadband > Wan Status
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 14 Network Setting > Broadband > Wan Status
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Interface
Select a WAN interface to see its historical traffic transmission rate in the chart.
Direction
Select RX or TX to display received traffic only or transmitted traffic only in the chart.
Time Interval
Select the time periods to display in the chart. Available choices are Minute, Day, and
Month.
Scan
Click this to update the chart according to your selected criteria.
5.7 Technical Reference
The following section contains additional technical information about the Device features described
in this chapter.
Encapsulation
Be sure to use the encapsulation method required by your ISP. The Device can work in bridge mode
or routing mode. When the Device is in routing mode, it supports the following methods.
IP over Ethernet
IP over Ethernet (IPoE) is an alternative to PPPoE. IP packets are being delivered across an
Ethernet network, without using PPP encapsulation. They are routed between the Ethernet interface
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and the WAN interface and then formatted so that they can be understood in a bridged
environment. For instance, it encapsulates routed Ethernet frames into bridged Ethernet cells.
PPP over ATM (PPPoA)
PPPoA stands for Point to Point Protocol over ATM Adaptation Layer 5 (AAL5). A PPPoA connection
functions like a dial-up Internet connection. The Device encapsulates the PPP session based on
RFC1483 and sends it through an ATM PVC (Permanent Virtual Circuit) to the Internet Service
Provider’s (ISP) DSLAM (digital access multiplexer). Please refer to RFC 2364 for more information
on PPPoA. Refer to RFC 1661 for more information on PPP.
PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE)
Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE) provides access control and billing functionality in a
manner similar to dial-up services using PPP. PPPoE is an IETF standard (RFC 2516) specifying how
a personal computer (PC) interacts with a broadband modem (DSL, cable, wireless, etc.)
connection.
For the service provider, PPPoE offers an access and authentication method that works with existing
access control systems (for example RADIUS).
One of the benefits of PPPoE is the ability to let you access one of multiple network services, a
function known as dynamic service selection. This enables the service provider to easily create and
offer new IP services for individuals.
Operationally, PPPoE saves significant effort for both you and the ISP or carrier, as it requires no
specific configuration of the broadband modem at the customer site.
By implementing PPPoE directly on the Device (rather than individual computers), the computers on
the LAN do not need PPPoE software installed, since the Device does that part of the task.
Furthermore, with NAT, all of the LANs’ computers will have access.
RFC 1483
RFC 1483 describes two methods for Multiprotocol Encapsulation over ATM Adaptation Layer 5
(AAL5). The first method allows multiplexing of multiple protocols over a single ATM virtual circuit
(LLC-based multiplexing) and the second method assumes that each protocol is carried over a
separate ATM virtual circuit (VC-based multiplexing). Please refer to RFC 1483 for more detailed
information.
Multiplexing
There are two conventions to identify what protocols the virtual circuit (VC) is carrying. Be sure to
use the multiplexing method required by your ISP.
VC-based Multiplexing
In this case, by prior mutual agreement, each protocol is assigned to a specific virtual circuit; for
example, VC1 carries IP, etc. VC-based multiplexing may be dominant in environments where
dynamic creation of large numbers of ATM VCs is fast and economical.
LLC-based Multiplexing
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In this case one VC carries multiple protocols with protocol identifying information being contained
in each packet header. Despite the extra bandwidth and processing overhead, this method may be
advantageous if it is not practical to have a separate VC for each carried protocol, for example, if
charging heavily depends on the number of simultaneous VCs.
Traffic Shaping
Traffic Shaping is an agreement between the carrier and the subscriber to regulate the average rate
and fluctuations of data transmission over an ATM network. This agreement helps eliminate
congestion, which is important for transmission of real time data such as audio and video
connections.
Peak Cell Rate (PCR) is the maximum rate at which the sender can send cells. This parameter may
be lower (but not higher) than the maximum line speed. 1 ATM cell is 53 bytes (424 bits), so a
maximum speed of 832Kbps gives a maximum PCR of 1962 cells/sec. This rate is not guaranteed
because it is dependent on the line speed.
Sustained Cell Rate (SCR) is the mean cell rate of each bursty traffic source. It specifies the
maximum average rate at which cells can be sent over the virtual connection. SCR may not be
greater than the PCR.
Maximum Burst Size (MBS) is the maximum number of cells that can be sent at the PCR. After MBS
is reached, cell rates fall below SCR until cell rate averages to the SCR again. At this time, more
cells (up to the MBS) can be sent at the PCR again.
If the PCR, SCR or MBS is set to the default of "0", the system will assign a maximum value that
correlates to your upstream line rate.
The following figure illustrates the relationship between PCR, SCR and MBS.
Figure 32 Example of Traffic Shaping
ATM Traffic Classes
These are the basic ATM traffic classes defined by the ATM Forum Traffic Management 4.0
Specification.
Constant Bit Rate (CBR)
Constant Bit Rate (CBR) provides fixed bandwidth that is always available even if no data is being
sent. CBR traffic is generally time-sensitive (doesn't tolerate delay). CBR is used for connections
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that continuously require a specific amount of bandwidth. A PCR is specified and if traffic exceeds
this rate, cells may be dropped. Examples of connections that need CBR would be high-resolution
video and voice.
Variable Bit Rate (VBR)
The Variable Bit Rate (VBR) ATM traffic class is used with bursty connections. Connections that use
the Variable Bit Rate (VBR) traffic class can be grouped into real time (VBR-RT) or non-real time
(VBR-nRT) connections.
The VBR-RT (real-time Variable Bit Rate) type is used with bursty connections that require closely
controlled delay and delay variation. It also provides a fixed amount of bandwidth (a PCR is
specified) but is only available when data is being sent. An example of an VBR-RT connection would
be video conferencing. Video conferencing requires real-time data transfers and the bandwidth
requirement varies in proportion to the video image's changing dynamics.
The VBR-nRT (non real-time Variable Bit Rate) type is used with bursty connections that do not
require closely controlled delay and delay variation. It is commonly used for "bursty" traffic typical
on LANs. PCR and MBS define the burst levels, SCR defines the minimum level. An example of an
VBR-nRT connection would be non-time sensitive data file transfers.
Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR)
The Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR) ATM traffic class is for bursty data transfers. However, UBR doesn't
guarantee any bandwidth and only delivers traffic when the network has spare bandwidth. An
example application is background file transfer.
IP Address Assignment
A static IP is a fixed IP that your ISP gives you. A dynamic IP is not fixed; the ISP assigns you a
different one each time. The Single User Account feature can be enabled or disabled if you have
either a dynamic or static IP. However the encapsulation method assigned influences your choices
for IP address and default gateway.
Introduction to VLANs
A Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) allows a physical network to be partitioned into multiple logical
networks. Devices on a logical network belong to one group. A device can belong to more than one
group. With VLAN, a device cannot directly talk to or hear from devices that are not in the same
group(s); the traffic must first go through a router.
In Multi-Tenant Unit (MTU) applications, VLAN is vital in providing isolation and security among the
subscribers. When properly configured, VLAN prevents one subscriber from accessing the network
resources of another on the same LAN, thus a user will not see the printers and hard disks of
another user in the same building.
VLAN also increases network performance by limiting broadcasts to a smaller and more
manageable logical broadcast domain. In traditional switched environments, all broadcast packets
go to each and every individual port. With VLAN, all broadcasts are confined to a specific broadcast
domain.
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Introduction to IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLAN
A tagged VLAN uses an explicit tag (VLAN ID) in the MAC header to identify the VLAN membership
of a frame across bridges - they are not confined to the switch on which they were created. The
VLANs can be created statically by hand or dynamically through GVRP. The VLAN ID associates a
frame with a specific VLAN and provides the information that switches need to process the frame
across the network. A tagged frame is four bytes longer than an untagged frame and contains two
bytes of TPID (Tag Protocol Identifier), residing within the type/length field of the Ethernet frame)
and two bytes of TCI (Tag Control Information), starts after the source address field of the Ethernet
frame).
The CFI (Canonical Format Indicator) is a single-bit flag, always set to zero for Ethernet switches. If
a frame received at an Ethernet port has a CFI set to 1, then that frame should not be forwarded as
it is to an untagged port. The remaining twelve bits define the VLAN ID, giving a possible maximum
number of 4,096 VLANs. Note that user priority and VLAN ID are independent of each other. A
frame with VID (VLAN Identifier) of null (0) is called a priority frame, meaning that only the priority
level is significant and the default VID of the ingress port is given as the VID of the frame. Of the
4096 possible VIDs, a VID of 0 is used to identify priority frames and value 4095 (FFF) is reserved,
so the maximum possible VLAN configurations are 4,094.
TPID
User Priority
CFI
VLAN ID
2 Bytes
3 Bits
1 Bit
12 Bits
Multicast
IP packets are transmitted in either one of two ways - Unicast (1 sender - 1 recipient) or Broadcast
(1 sender - everybody on the network). Multicast delivers IP packets to a group of hosts on the
network - not everybody and not just 1.
Internet Group Multicast Protocol (IGMP) is a network-layer protocol used to establish membership
in a Multicast group - it is not used to carry user data. IGMP version 2 (RFC 2236) is an
improvement over version 1 (RFC 1112) but IGMP version 1 is still in wide use. If you would like to
read more detailed information about interoperability between IGMP version 2 and version 1, please
see sections 4 and 5 of RFC 2236. The class D IP address is used to identify host groups and can be
in the range 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255. The address 224.0.0.0 is not assigned to any group
and is used by IP multicast computers. The address 224.0.0.1 is used for query messages and is
assigned to the permanent group of all IP hosts (including gateways). All hosts must join the
224.0.0.1 group in order to participate in IGMP. The address 224.0.0.2 is assigned to the multicast
routers group.
At start up, the Device queries all directly connected networks to gather group membership. After
that, the Device periodically updates this information.
DNS Server Address Assignment
Use Domain Name System (DNS) to map a domain name to its corresponding IP address and vice
versa, for instance, the IP address of www.zyxel.com is 204.217.0.2. The DNS server is extremely
important because without it, you must know the IP address of a computer before you can access
it.
The Device can get the DNS server addresses in the following ways.
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The ISP tells you the DNS server addresses, usually in the form of an information sheet, when you
sign up. If your ISP gives you DNS server addresses, manually enter them in the DNS server fields.
If your ISP dynamically assigns the DNS server IP addresses (along with the Device’s WAN IP
address), set the DNS server fields to get the DNS server address from the ISP.
IPv6 Addressing
The 128-bit IPv6 address is written as eight 16-bit hexadecimal blocks separated by colons (:). This
is an example IPv6 address 2001:0db8:1a2b:0015:0000:0000:1a2f:0000.
IPv6 addresses can be abbreviated in two ways:
• Leading zeros in a block can be omitted. So 2001:0db8:1a2b:0015:0000:0000:1a2f:0000 can
be written as 2001:db8:1a2b:15:0:0:1a2f:0.
• Any number of consecutive blocks of zeros can be replaced by a double colon. A double colon can
only appear once in an IPv6 address. So 2001:0db8:0000:0000:1a2f:0000:0000:0015 can be
written as 2001:0db8::1a2f:0000:0000:0015, 2001:0db8:0000:0000:1a2f::0015,
2001:db8::1a2f:0:0:15 or 2001:db8:0:0:1a2f::15.
IPv6 Prefix and Prefix Length
Similar to an IPv4 subnet mask, IPv6 uses an address prefix to represent the network address. An
IPv6 prefix length specifies how many most significant bits (start from the left) in the address
compose the network address. The prefix length is written as “/x” where x is a number. For
example,
2001:db8:1a2b:15::1a2f:0/32
means that the first 32 bits (2001:db8) is the subnet prefix.
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C HAPT ER
Wireless
6.1 Overview
This chapter describes the Device’s Network Setting > Wireless screens. Use these screens to
set up your Device’s wireless connection.
6.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
This section describes the Device’s Wireless screens. Use these screens to set up your Device’s
wireless connection.
• Use the General screen to enable the Wireless LAN, enter the SSID and select the wireless
security mode (Section 6.2 on page 72).
• Use the More AP screen to set up multiple wireless networks on your Device (Section 6.3 on
page 80).
• Use the MAC Authentication screen to allow or deny wireless clients based on their MAC
addresses from connecting to the Device (Section 6.4 on page 84).
• Use the WPS screen to enable or disable WPS, view or generate a security PIN (Personal
Identification Number) (Section 6.5 on page 85).
• Use the WMM screen to enable Wi-Fi MultiMedia (WMM) to ensure quality of service in wireless
networks for multimedia applications (Section 6.6 on page 86).
• Use the WDS screen to set up a Wireless Distribution System, in which the Device acts as a
bridge with other ZyXEL access points (Section 6.7 on page 87).
• Use the Others screen to configure wireless advanced features, such as the RTS/CTS Threshold
(Section 6.8 on page 89).
• Use the Channel Status screen to scan wireless LAN channel noises and view the results
(Section 6.9 on page 91).
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6.1.2 What You Need to Know
Wireless Basics
“Wireless” is essentially radio communication. In the same way that walkie-talkie radios send and
receive information over the airwaves, wireless networking devices exchange information with one
another. A wireless networking device is just like a radio that lets your computer exchange
information with radios attached to other computers. Like walkie-talkies, most wireless networking
devices operate at radio frequency bands that are open to the public and do not require a license to
use. However, wireless networking is different from that of most traditional radio communications in
that there a number of wireless networking standards available with different methods of data
encryption.
Finding Out More
See Section 6.10 on page 91 for advanced technical information on wireless networks.
6.2 The General Screen
Use this screen to enable the Wireless LAN, enter the SSID and select the wireless security mode.
Note: If you are configuring the Device from a computer connected to the wireless LAN
and you change the Device’s SSID, channel or security settings, you will lose your
wireless connection when you press Apply to confirm. You must then change the
wireless settings of your computer to match the Device’s new settings.
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Click Network Setting > Wireless to open the General screen.
Figure 33 Network Setting > Wireless > General
The following table describes the general wireless LAN labels in this screen.
Table 15 Network Setting > Wireless > General
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Wireless Network Setup
Wireless
You can Enable or Disable the wireless LAN in this field.
Band
This shows the wireless band which this radio profile is using.
2.4 GHz is the frequency used by IEEE 802.11b/g/n wireless clients.
5 GHz networks use higher frequencies with less interferences than 2.4 GHz networks and
can offer higher speeds. However, 5 GHz signals do not penetrate solid objects like walls as
well as 2.4 GHz signals can do. It is easy to get signal attenuation if there are many walls
between the Device and a client. 5 GHz is used by IEEE 802.11a/n/ac wireless clients.
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Table 15 Network Setting > Wireless > General (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Channel
Set the channel depending on your particular region.
Select a channel or use Auto to have the Device automatically determine a channel to use.
If you are having problems with wireless interference, changing the channel may help. Try
to use a channel that is as many channels away from any channels used by neighboring APs
as possible. The channel number which the Device is currently using then displays next to
this field.
The available channels vary depending on the bandwidth you select in the Bandwidth field.
more.../less
Click more... to show more information. Click less to hide them.
Bandwidth
Select whether the Device uses a wireless channel width of 20MHz, 40MHz, or 80MHz
(available for 5 GHz networks only).
A standard 20MHz channel offers transfer speeds of up to 150Mbps whereas a 40MHz
channel uses two standard channels and offers speeds of up to 300 Mbps, and a 80MHz
channel uses only one channel and offers speeds of up to 433 Mbps.
A wider band enables higher transmittion rate. A 40MHz (channel bonding or dual channel)
channel bonds two adjacent radio channels to increase throughput. An 80MHz channel
bonds two adjacent 40 MHz channels to get even higher data rates. The wireless clients
must also support 40 MHz or 80 MHz. It is often better to use the 20 MHz setting in a
location where the environment hinders the wireless signal.
Select 20MHz if you want to lessen radio interference with other wireless devices in your
neighborhood or the wireless clients do not support channel bonding.
Control
Sideband
This is available for some regions when you select a specific channel and set the Bandwidth
field to 40MHz or 80MHz. Set whether the control channel (set in the Channel field)
should be in the Lower or Upper range of channel bands.
Passphrase
Type
If you set security for the wireless LAN and have the Device generate a password, the
setting in this field determines how the Device generates the password.
Select None to set the Device’s password generation to not be based on a passphrase.
Select Fixed to use a 16 character passphrase for generating a password.
Select Variable to use a 16 to 63 character passphrase for generating a password.
Passphrase Key
For a fixed type passphrase enter 16 alphanumeric characters (0-9, A-Z, with no spaces). It
must contain both letters and numbers and is case-sensitive.
For a variable type passphrase enter 16 to 63 alphanumeric characters (0-9, A-Z, with no
spaces). It must contain both letters and numbers and is case-sensitive.
Wireless Network Settings
74
Wireless
Network Name
(SSID)
The SSID (Service Set IDentity) identifies the service set with which a wireless device is
associated. Wireless devices associating to the access point (AP) must have the same SSID.
Max clients
Specify the maximum number of clients that can connect to this network at the same time.
Hide SSID
Select this check box to hide the SSID in the outgoing beacon frame so a station cannot
obtain the SSID through scanning using a site survey tool.
Enhanced
Multicast
Forwarding
Select this check box to allow the Device to convert wireless multicast traffic into wireless
unicast traffic.
Max. Upstream
Bandwidth
Specify the maximum rate for upstream wireless traffic to the WAN from this WLAN in
kilobits per second (Kbps).
Max.
Downstream
Bandwidth
Specify the maximum rate for downstream wireless traffic to this WLAN from the WAN in
kilobits per second (Kbps).
Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 English keyboard characters) for the wireless LAN.
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Table 15 Network Setting > Wireless > General (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
BSSID
This shows the MAC address of the wireless interface on the Device when wireless LAN is
enabled.
Security Level
Security Mode
Select Basic (WEP, for 2.4 GHz frequency band only) or More Secure (WPA(2)-PSK,
WPA(2)) to add security on this wireless network. The wireless clients which want to
associate to this network must have same wireless security settings as the Device. When
you select to use a security, additional options appears in this screen.
Or you can select No Security to allow any client to associate this network without any data
encryption or authentication.
See the following sections for more details about this field.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.
6.2.1 No Security
Select No Security to allow wireless stations to communicate with the access points without any
data encryption or authentication.
Note: If you do not enable any wireless security on your Device, your network is
accessible to any wireless networking device that is within range.
Figure 34 Wireless > General: No Security
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 16 Wireless > General: No Security
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Security Level
Choose No Security to allow all wireless connections without data encryption or
authentication.
6.2.2 Basic (WEP Encryption)
WEP encryption scrambles the data transmitted between the wireless stations and the access points
(AP) to keep network communications private. Both the wireless stations and the access points
must use the same WEP key.
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Note: WEP is extremely insecure. Its encryption can be broken by an attacker, using
widely-available software. It is strongly recommended that you use a more
effective security mechanism. Use the strongest security mechanism that all the
wireless devices in your network support. For example, use WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK
if all your wireless devices support it, or use WPA or WPA2 if your wireless devices
support it and you have a RADIUS server. If your wireless devices support nothing
stronger than WEP, use the highest encryption level available.
Note: WEP encryption is not available when using the 5 GHz frequency band.
Your Device allows you to configure up to four 64-bit or 128-bit WEP keys but only one key can be
enabled at any one time.
In order to configure and enable WEP encryption, click Network Setting > Wireless to display the
General screen, then select Basic as the security level.
Figure 35 Wireless > General: Basic (WEP)
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 17 Wireless > General: Basic (WEP)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Security Level
Select Basic to enable WEP data encryption.
Generate
password
automatically
Select this option to have the Device automatically generate a password. The password field
will not be configurable when you select this option.
Password 1~4
The password (WEP keys) are used to encrypt data. Both the Device and the wireless
stations must use the same password (WEP key) for data transmission.
If you chose 64-bit WEP, then enter any 5 ASCII characters or 10 hexadecimal characters
("0-9", "A-F").
If you chose 128-bit WEP, then enter 13 ASCII characters or 26 hexadecimal characters
("0-9", "A-F").
You must configure at least one password, only one password can be activated at any one
time.
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Table 17 Wireless > General: Basic (WEP) (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
more.../less
Click more... to show more fields in this section. Click less to hide them.
WEP Encryption
Select 64-bits or 128-bits.
This dictates the length of the security key that the network is going to use.
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6.2.3 More Secure (WPA(2)-PSK)
The WPA-PSK security mode provides both improved data encryption and user authentication over
WEP. Using a Pre-Shared Key (PSK), both the Device and the connecting client share a common
password in order to validate the connection. This type of encryption, while robust, is not as strong
as WPA, WPA2 or even WPA2-PSK. The WPA2-PSK security mode is a newer, more robust version of
the WPA encryption standard. It offers slightly better security, although the use of PSK makes it
less robust than it could be.
Click Network Setting > Wireless to display the General screen. Select More Secure as the
security level. Then select WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK from the Security Mode list.
Figure 36 Wireless > General: More Secure: WPA(2)-PSK
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 18 Wireless > General: More Secure: WPA(2)-PSK
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Security Level
Select More Secure to enable WPA(2)-PSK data encryption.
Security Mode
Select WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK from the drop-down list box.
Generate
password
automatically
Select this option to have the Device automatically generate a password. The password field
will not be configurable when you select this option.
Password
The encryption mechanisms used for WPA(2) and WPA(2)-PSK are the same. The only
difference between the two is that WPA(2)-PSK uses a simple common password, instead of
user-specific credentials.
If you did not select Generate password automatically, you can manually type a preshared key from 8 to 64 case-sensitive keyboard characters.
78
more.../less
Click more... to show more fields in this section. Click less to hide them.
WPA-PSK
Compatible
This field appears when you choose WPA-PSK2 as the Security Mode.
Check this field to allow wireless devices using WPA-PSK security mode to connect to your
Device. The Device supports WPA-PSK and WPA2-PSK simultaneously.
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Table 18 Wireless > General: More Secure: WPA(2)-PSK (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Encryption
Select the encryption type (TKIP, AES or TKIP+AES) for data encryption.
Select TKIP if your wireless clients can all use TKIP.
Select AES if your wireless clients can all use AES.
Select TKIP+AES to allow the wireless clients to use either TKIP or AES.
Group Key
Update Timer
The Group Key Update Timer is the rate at which the RADIUS server sends a new group
key out to all clients.
6.2.4 WPA(2) Authentication
The WPA2 security mode is currently the most robust form of encryption for wireless networks. It
requires a RADIUS server to authenticate user credentials and is a full implementation the security
protocol. Use this security option for maximum protection of your network. However, it is the least
backwards compatible with older devices.
The WPA security mode is a security subset of WPA2. It requires the presence of a RADIUS server
on your network in order to validate user credentials. This encryption standard is slightly older than
WPA2 and therefore is more compatible with older devices.
Click Network Setting > Wireless to display the General screen. Select More Secure as the
security level. Then select WPA or WPA2 from the Security Mode list.
Figure 37 Wireless > General: More Secure: WPA(2)
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 19 Wireless > General: More Secure: WPA(2)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Security Level
Select More Secure to enable WPA(2)-PSK data encryption.
Security Mode
Choose WPA or WPA2 from the drop-down list box.
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Table 19 Wireless > General: More Secure: WPA(2) (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Authentication Server
IP Address
Enter the IP address of the external authentication server in dotted decimal notation.
Port
Number
Enter the port number of the external authentication server. The default port number is
1812.
You need not change this value unless your network administrator instructs you to do so
with additional information.
Shared
Secret
Enter a password (up to 31 alphanumeric characters) as the key to be shared between the
external authentication server and the Device.
The key must be the same on the external authentication server and your Device. The key is
not sent over the network.
Select password unmask to show your entered password in plain text.
more.../less
Click more... to show more fields in this section. Click less to hide them.
WPA
Compatible
This field is only available for WPA2. Select this if you want the Device to support WPA and
WPA2 simultaneously.
Encryption
Select the encryption type (TKIP, AES or TKIP+AES) for data encryption.
Select TKIP if your wireless clients can all use TKIP.
Select AES if your wireless clients can all use AES.
Select TKIP+AES to allow the wireless clients to use either TKIP or AES.
WPA2 PreAuthentication
Network Reauth Interval
This field is available only when you select WPA2.
Pre-authentication enables fast roaming by allowing the wireless client (already connecting
to an AP) to perform IEEE 802.1x authentication with another AP before connecting to it.
Select Enabled to turn on preauthentication in WAP2. Otherwise, select Disabled.
Specify how often wireless stations have to resend usernames and passwords in order to
stay connected.
If wireless station authentication is done using a RADIUS server, the reauthentication timer
on the RADIUS server has priority.
Group Key
Update Timer
The Group Key Update Timer is the rate at which the RADIUS server sends a new group
key out to all clients.
6.3 The More AP Screen
This screen allows you to enable and configure multiple Basic Service Sets (BSSs) on the Device.
Click Network Setting > Wireless > More AP. The following screen displays.
Figure 38 Network Setting > Wireless > More AP
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 20 Network Setting > Wireless > More AP
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
This is the index number of the entry.
Status
This field indicates whether this SSID is active. A yellow bulb signifies that this SSID is active.
A gray bulb signifies that this SSID is not active.
SSID
An SSID profile is the set of parameters relating to one of the Device’s BSSs. The SSID
(Service Set IDentifier) identifies the Service Set with which a wireless device is associated.
This field displays the name of the wireless profile on the network. When a wireless client
scans for an AP to associate with, this is the name that is broadcast and seen in the wireless
client utility.
Security
This field indicates the security mode of the SSID profile.
Guest WLAN
This displays if the guest WLAN function has been enabled for this WLAN.
If Home Guest displays, clients can connect to each other directly.
If External Guest displays, clients are blocked from connecting to each other directly.
N/A displays if guest WLAN is disabled.
Modify
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Click the Edit icon to configure the SSID profile.
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6.3.1 Edit More AP
Use this screen to edit an SSID profile. Click the Edit icon next to an SSID in the More AP screen.
The following screen displays.
Figure 39 Network Setting > Wireless > More AP > Edit
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 21 Network Setting > Wireless > More AP > Edit
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Wireless Network Setup
Wireless
You can Enable or Disable the wireless LAN in this field.
Passphrase
Type
Passphrase type cannot be changed. The default is None.
Wireless Network Settings
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Table 21 Network Setting > Wireless > More AP > Edit (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Wireless
Network Name
(SSID)
The SSID (Service Set IDentity) identifies the service set with which a wireless device is
associated. Wireless devices associating to the access point (AP) must have the same SSID.
Max clients
Specify the maximum number of clients that can connect to this network at the same time.
Hide SSID
Select this check box to hide the SSID in the outgoing beacon frame so a station cannot
obtain the SSID through scanning using a site survey tool.
Enhanced
Multicast
Forwarding
Select this check box to allow the Device to convert wireless multicast traffic into wireless
unicast traffic.
Guest WLAN
Select this to create Guest WLANs for home and external clients. Select the WLAN type in
the Access Scenario field.
Access
Scenario
If you select Home Guest, clients can connect to each other directly.
Maximum
Upstream
Bandwidth
Specify the maximum rate for upstream wireless traffic to the WAN from this WLAN in
kilobits per second (Kbps).
Maximum
Downstream
Bandwidth
Specify the maximum rate for downstream wireless traffic to this WLAN from the WAN in
kilobits per second (Kbps).
BSSID
This shows the MAC address of the wireless interface on the Device when wireless LAN is
enabled.
Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 English keyboard characters) for the wireless LAN.
If you select External Guest, clients are blocked from connecting to each other directly.
E-mail notification when the wireless guest visit
Enable Email
Notification
Select this to have the Device e-mail you a notification when a wireless client is connected
to the wireless network.
Mail Server
Select a mail server for the e-mail address specified below.
If you do not select a mail server, e-mail notifications cannot be sent via e-mail. You must
have configured a mail server already in the Maintenance > Email Notification screen.
Email Title
Type a title that you want to be in the subject line of the e-mail notifications that the Device
sends.
Send
Notification to
Email
Notifications are sent to the e-mail address specified in this field. If this field is left blank,
notifications cannot be sent via e-mail.
Security Level
Security Mode
Select Basic (WEP, 802.1X) or More Secure (WPA(2)-PSK, WPA(2)) to add security
on this wireless network. The wireless clients which want to associate to this network must
have same wireless security settings as the Device. After you select to use a security,
additional options appears in this screen.
Or you can select No Security to allow any client to associate this network without any data
encryption or authentication.
See Section 6.2.1 on page 75 for more details about this field.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
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6.4 MAC Authentication
This screen allows you to configure the ZyXEL Device to give exclusive access to specific devices
(Allow) or exclude specific devices from accessing the ZyXEL Device (Deny). Every Ethernet
device has a unique MAC (Media Access Control) address. The MAC address is assigned at the
factory and consists of six pairs of hexadecimal characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. You
need to know the MAC addresses of the devices to configure this screen.
Use this screen to view your Device’s MAC filter settings and add new MAC filter rules. Click
Network Setting > Wireless > MAC Authentication. The screen appears as shown.
Figure 40 Wireless > MAC Authentication
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 22 Wireless > MAC Authentication
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
SSID
Select the SSID for which you want to configure MAC filter settings.
MAC Restrict
Mode
Define the filter action for the list of MAC addresses in the MAC Address table.
Select Disable to turn off MAC filtering.
Select Deny to block access to the Device. MAC addresses not listed will be allowed to
access the Device.
Select Allow to permit access to the Device. MAC addresses not listed will be denied access
to the Device.
Add new MAC
address
84
Click this if you want to add a new MAC address entry to the MAC filter list below.
Enter the MAC addresses of the wireless devices that are allowed or denied access to the
Device in these address fields. Enter the MAC addresses in a valid MAC address format, that
is, six hexadecimal character pairs, for example, 12:34:56:78:9a:bc.
This is the index number of the entry.
MAC Address
This is the MAC addresses of the wireless devices that are allowed or denied access to the
Device.
Delete
Click the Delete icon to delete the entry.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
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6.5 The WPS Screen
Use this screen to configure WiFi Protected Setup (WPS) on your Device.
WPS allows you to quickly set up a wireless network with strong security, without having to
configure security settings manually. Set up each WPS connection between two devices. Both
devices must support WPS. See Section 6.10.9.3 on page 100 for more information about WPS.
Note: The Device applies the security settings of the SSID1 profile (see Section 6.2 on
page 72). If you want to use the WPS feature, make sure you have set the security
mode of SSID1 to WPA2-PSK or No Security.
Click Network Setting > Wireless > WPS. The following screen displays. Select Enable and click
Apply to activate the WPS function. Then you can configure the WPS settings in this screen.
Figure 41 Network Setting > Wireless > WPS
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 23 Network Setting > Wireless > WPS
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
WPS
Select Disabled to deactivate WPS on the Device. Otherwise, keep Disabled unselected.
Method 1
Use this section to set up a WPS wireless network using Push Button Configuration (PBC).
Connect
Click this button to add another WPS-enabled wireless device (within wireless range of the
Device) to your wireless network. This button may either be a physical button on the
outside of device, or a menu button similar to the Connect button on this screen.
Note: You must press the other wireless device’s WPS button within two minutes of pressing
this button.
Method 2
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Use this section to set up a WPS wireless network by entering the PIN of the client into the
Device.
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Table 23 Network Setting > Wireless > WPS (continued)
LABEL
Register
DESCRIPTION
Enter the PIN of the device that you are setting up a WPS connection with and click
Register to authenticate and add the wireless device to your wireless network.
You can find the PIN either on the outside of the device, or by checking the device’s
settings.
Note: You must also activate WPS on that device within two minutes to have it present its PIN
to the Device.
Method 3
Use this section to set up a WPS wireless network by entering the PIN of the Device into the
client.
Release
Configuratio
The default WPS status is configured.
Generate
New PIN
Number
The PIN (Personal Identification Number) of the Device is shown here. Enter this PIN in the
configuration utility of the device you want to connect to using WPS.
Click this button to remove all configured wireless and wireless security settings for WPS
connections on the Device.
The PIN is not necessary when you use WPS push-button method.
Click the Generate New PIN Number button to have the Device create a new PIN.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.
6.6 The WMM Screen
Use this screen to enable Wi-Fi MultiMedia (WMM) and WMM Power Save in wireless networks for
multimedia applications.
Click Network Setting > Wireless > WMM. The following screen displays.
Figure 42 Network Setting > Wireless > WMM
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 24 Network Setting > Wireless > WMM
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
WMM
Select On to have the Device automatically give a service a priority level according to the
ToS value in the IP header of packets it sends. WMM QoS (Wifi MultiMedia Quality of
Service) gives high priority to voice and video, which makes them run more smoothly.
WMM
Automatic
Power Save
Delivery
Select this option to extend the battery life of your mobile devices (especially useful for
small devices that are running multimedia applications). The Device goes to sleep mode to
save power when it is not transmitting data. The AP buffers the packets sent to the Device
until the Device "wakes up". The Device wakes up periodically to check for incoming data.
Note: Note: This works only if the wireless device to which the Device is connected also
supports this feature.
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Table 24 Network Setting > Wireless > WMM (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.
6.7 The WDS Screen
An AP using the Wireless Distribution System (WDS) can function as a wireless network bridge
allowing you to wirelessly connect two wired network segments. The WDS screen allows you to
configure the Device to connect to two or more APs wirelessly when WDS is enabled.
Use this screen to set up your WDS (Wireless Distribution System) links between the Device and
other wireless APs. You need to know the MAC address of the peer device. Once the security
settings of peer sides match one another, the connection between devices is made.
Note: WDS security is independent of the security settings between the Device and any
wireless clients.
Note: At the time of writing, WDS is compatible with other ZyXEL APs only. Not all models
support WDS links. Check your other AP’s documentation.
Click Network Setting > Wireless > WDS. The following screen displays.
Figure 43 Network Setting > Wireless > WDS
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 25 Network Setting > Wireless > WDS
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Wireless Bridge Setup
AP Mode
Select the operating mode for your Device.
•
•
Bridge Restrict
Access Point - The Device functions as a bridge and access point simultaneously.
Wireless Bridge - The Device acts as a wireless network bridge and establishes
wireless links with other APs. In this mode, clients cannot connect to the Device
wirelessly.
This field is available only when you set operating mode to Access Point.
Select Enabled to turn on WDS and enter the peer device’s MAC address manually in the
table below. Select Disable to turn off WDS.
Remote Bridge
MAC Address
You can enter the MAC address of the peer device by clicking the Edit icon under Modify.
This is the index number of the entry.
MAC Address
This shows the MAC address of the peer device.
You can connect to up to 4 peer devices.
Modify
Click the Edit icon and type the MAC address of the peer device in a valid MAC address
format (six hexadecimal character pairs, for example 12:34:56:78:9a:bc).
Click the Delete icon to remove this entry.
Scan
Click the Scan icon to search and display the available APs within range.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.
6.7.1 WDS Scan
You can click the Scan icon in Wireless > WDS to have the Device automatically search and
display the available APs within range. Select an AP and click Apply to have the Device establish a
wireless link with the selected wireless device.
Figure 44 WDS: Scan
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 26 WDS: Scan
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Wireless Bridge Scan Setup
Refresh
Click Refresh to update the table.
This is the index number of the entry.
SSID
This shows the SSID of the available wireless device within range.
BSSID
This shows the MAC address of the available wireless device within range.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.
6.8 The Others Screen
Use this screen to configure advanced wireless settings. Click Network Setting > Wireless >
Others. The screen appears as shown.
See Section 6.10.2 on page 93 for detailed definitions of the terms listed in this screen.
Figure 45 Network Setting > Wireless > Others
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 27 Network Setting > Wireless > Others
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
RTS/CTS
Threshold
Data with its frame size larger than this value will perform the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS
(Clear To Send) handshake.
Enter a value between 0 and 2347.
Fragmentation
Threshold
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This is the maximum data fragment size that can be sent. Enter a value between 256 and
2346.
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Table 27 Network Setting > Wireless > Others (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Auto Channel
Timer
If you set the channel to Auto in the Network Setting > Wireless > General screen,
specify the interval in minutes for how often the Device scans for the best channel. Enter 0
to disable the periodical scan.
Output Power
Set the output power of the Device. If there is a high density of APs in an area, decrease
the output power to reduce interference with other APs. Select one of the following: 20%,
40%, 60%, 80% or 100%.
Beacon Interval
When a wirelessly networked device sends a beacon, it includes with it a beacon interval.
This specifies the time period before the device sends the beacon again.
The interval tells receiving devices on the network how long they can wait in low power
mode before waking up to handle the beacon. This value can be set from 50ms to 1000ms.
A high value helps save current consumption of the access point.
DTIM Interval
Delivery Traffic Indication Message (DTIM) is the time period after which broadcast and
multicast packets are transmitted to mobile clients in the Power Saving mode. A high DTIM
value can cause clients to lose connectivity with the network. This value can be set from 1
to 255.
802.11 Mode
Select 802.11b Only to allow only IEEE 802.11b compliant WLAN devices to associate with
the Device.
Select 802.11g Only to allow only IEEE 802.11g compliant WLAN devices to associate with
the Device.
Select 802.11n Only to allow only IEEE 802.11n compliant WLAN devices to associate with
the Device.
Select 802.11b/g Mixed to allow either IEEE 802.11b or IEEE 802.11g compliant WLAN
devices to associate with the Device. The transmission rate of your Device might be
reduced.
Select 802.11b/g/n Mixed to allow IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g or IEEE802.11n
compliant WLAN devices to associate with the Device. The transmission rate of your Device
might be reduced.
802.11
Protection
Enabling this feature can help prevent collisions in mixed-mode networks (networks with
both IEEE 802.11b and IEEE 802.11g traffic).
Select Auto to have the wireless devices transmit data after a RTS/CTS handshake. This
helps improve IEEE 802.11g performance.
Select Off to disable 802.11 protection. The transmission rate of your Device might be
reduced in a mixed-mode network.
This field displays Off and is not configurable when you set 802.11 Mode to 802.11b
Only.
Preamble
Select a preamble type from the drop-down list box. Choices are Long or Short. See
Section 6.10.7 on page 97 for more information.
This field is configurable only when you set 802.11 Mode to 802.11b.
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RIFS
Advertisement
Select Auto to enable the Reduced Inter-frame Spacing (RIFS) feature. It improves the
Device’s performance by reducing the amount of dead time required between OFDM
transmissions. Select Off to disable the feature.
WPS 2.0
Select this to support WPS 2.0 which enhances WPS security and flexibility on
configuration.
RX Chain Power
Save
Select Enable to activate the RX Chain Power Save feature. It turns off one of the Receive
chains to save power when it is not in use. Select Disabled to disable this feature.
XPressTM
Technology
Select Enable for higher speeds, especially if you have both IEEE 802.11b and IEEE
802.11g wireless clients. The wireless clients do not have to support XPress™ Technology,
although the performance enhancement is greater if they do. Select Disabled to disable
this feature.
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Table 27 Network Setting > Wireless > Others (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
OBSS
Coexistence
Select Enable to allow the coexistence of 20 MHz and 40 MHz Overlapping Basic Service
Sets (OBSS) in wireless local area networks. Select Disabled to disable this feature.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.
6.9 The Channel Status Screen
Use the Channel Status screen to scan wireless LAN channel noises and view the results. Click
Network Setting > Wireless > Channel Status. The screen appears as shown. Click Scan to
scan the wireless LAN channels. You can view the results in the Channel Scan Result section. The
Time for last scan field shows how long ago this screen was updated.
Figure 46 Network Setting > Wireless > Channel Status
6.10 Technical Reference
This section discusses wireless LANs in depth. For more information, see Appendix D on page 367.
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6.10.1 Wireless Network Overview
Wireless networks consist of wireless clients, access points and bridges.
• A wireless client is a radio connected to a user’s computer.
• An access point is a radio with a wired connection to a network, which can connect with
numerous wireless clients and let them access the network.
• A bridge is a radio that relays communications between access points and wireless clients,
extending a network’s range.
Traditionally, a wireless network operates in one of two ways.
• An “infrastructure” type of network has one or more access points and one or more wireless
clients. The wireless clients connect to the access points.
• An “ad-hoc” type of network is one in which there is no access point. Wireless clients connect to
one another in order to exchange information.
The following figure provides an example of a wireless network.
Figure 47 Example of a Wireless Network
The wireless network is the part in the blue circle. In this wireless network, devices A and B use the
access point (AP) to interact with the other devices (such as the printer) or with the Internet. Your
Device is the AP.
Every wireless network must follow these basic guidelines.
• Every device in the same wireless network must use the same SSID.
The SSID is the name of the wireless network. It stands for Service Set IDentifier.
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• If two wireless networks overlap, they should use a different channel.
Like radio stations or television channels, each wireless network uses a specific channel, or
frequency, to send and receive information.
• Every device in the same wireless network must use security compatible with the AP.
Security stops unauthorized devices from using the wireless network. It can also protect the
information that is sent in the wireless network.
Radio Channels
In the radio spectrum, there are certain frequency bands allocated for unlicensed, civilian use. For
the purposes of wireless networking, these bands are divided into numerous channels. This allows a
variety of networks to exist in the same place without interfering with one another. When you
create a network, you must select a channel to use.
Since the available unlicensed spectrum varies from one country to another, the number of
available channels also varies.
6.10.2 Additional Wireless Terms
The following table describes some wireless network terms and acronyms used in the Device’s Web
Configurator.
Table 28 Additional Wireless Terms
TERM
DESCRIPTION
RTS/CTS Threshold
In a wireless network which covers a large area, wireless devices are sometimes not
aware of each other’s presence. This may cause them to send information to the AP
at the same time and result in information colliding and not getting through.
By setting this value lower than the default value, the wireless devices must
sometimes get permission to send information to the Device. The lower the value, the
more often the devices must get permission.
If this value is greater than the fragmentation threshold value (see below), then
wireless devices never have to get permission to send information to the Device.
Preamble
A preamble affects the timing in your wireless network. There are two preamble
modes: long and short. If a device uses a different preamble mode than the Device
does, it cannot communicate with the Device.
Authentication
The process of verifying whether a wireless device is allowed to use the wireless
network.
Fragmentation
Threshold
A small fragmentation threshold is recommended for busy networks, while a larger
threshold provides faster performance if the network is not very busy.
6.10.3 Wireless Security Overview
By their nature, radio communications are simple to intercept. For wireless data networks, this
means that anyone within range of a wireless network without security can not only read the data
passing over the airwaves, but also join the network. Once an unauthorized person has access to
the network, he or she can steal information or introduce malware (malicious software) intended to
compromise the network. For these reasons, a variety of security systems have been developed to
ensure that only authorized people can use a wireless data network, or understand the data carried
on it.
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These security standards do two things. First, they authenticate. This means that only people
presenting the right credentials (often a username and password, or a “key” phrase) can access the
network. Second, they encrypt. This means that the information sent over the air is encoded. Only
people with the code key can understand the information, and only people who have been
authenticated are given the code key.
These security standards vary in effectiveness. Some can be broken, such as the old Wired
Equivalent Protocol (WEP). Using WEP is better than using no security at all, but it will not keep a
determined attacker out. Other security standards are secure in themselves but can be broken if a
user does not use them properly. For example, the WPA-PSK security standard is very secure if you
use a long key which is difficult for an attacker’s software to guess - for example, a twenty-letter
long string of apparently random numbers and letters - but it is not very secure if you use a short
key which is very easy to guess - for example, a three-letter word from the dictionary.
Because of the damage that can be done by a malicious attacker, it’s not just people who have
sensitive information on their network who should use security. Everybody who uses any wireless
network should ensure that effective security is in place.
A good way to come up with effective security keys, passwords and so on is to use obscure
information that you personally will easily remember, and to enter it in a way that appears random
and does not include real words. For example, if your mother owns a 1970 Dodge Challenger and
her favorite movie is Vanishing Point (which you know was made in 1971) you could use
“70dodchal71vanpoi” as your security key.
The following sections introduce different types of wireless security you can set up in the wireless
network.
6.10.3.1 SSID
Normally, the Device acts like a beacon and regularly broadcasts the SSID in the area. You can hide
the SSID instead, in which case the Device does not broadcast the SSID. In addition, you should
change the default SSID to something that is difficult to guess.
This type of security is fairly weak, however, because there are ways for unauthorized wireless
devices to get the SSID. In addition, unauthorized wireless devices can still see the information that
is sent in the wireless network.
6.10.3.2 MAC Address Filter
Every device that can use a wireless network has a unique identification number, called a MAC
address.1 A MAC address is usually written using twelve hexadecimal characters2; for example,
00A0C5000002 or 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. To get the MAC address for each device in the wireless
network, see the device’s User’s Guide or other documentation.
You can use the MAC address filter to tell the Device which devices are allowed or not allowed to
use the wireless network. If a device is allowed to use the wireless network, it still has to have the
correct information (SSID, channel, and security). If a device is not allowed to use the wireless
network, it does not matter if it has the correct information.
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1.
Some wireless devices, such as scanners, can detect wireless networks but cannot use wireless networks. These kinds
of wireless devices might not have MAC addresses.
2.
Hexadecimal characters are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, and F.
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This type of security does not protect the information that is sent in the wireless network.
Furthermore, there are ways for unauthorized wireless devices to get the MAC address of an
authorized device. Then, they can use that MAC address to use the wireless network.
6.10.3.3 User Authentication
Authentication is the process of verifying whether a wireless device is allowed to use the wireless
network. You can make every user log in to the wireless network before using it. However, every
device in the wireless network has to support IEEE 802.1x to do this.
For wireless networks, you can store the user names and passwords for each user in a RADIUS
server. This is a server used in businesses more than in homes. If you do not have a RADIUS server,
you cannot set up user names and passwords for your users.
Unauthorized wireless devices can still see the information that is sent in the wireless network,
even if they cannot use the wireless network. Furthermore, there are ways for unauthorized
wireless users to get a valid user name and password. Then, they can use that user name and
password to use the wireless network.
6.10.3.4 Encryption
Wireless networks can use encryption to protect the information that is sent in the wireless
network. Encryption is like a secret code. If you do not know the secret code, you cannot
understand the message.
The types of encryption you can choose depend on the type of authentication. (See Section
6.10.3.3 on page 95 for information about this.)
Table 29 Types of Encryption for Each Type of Authentication
Weakest
NO AUTHENTICATION
RADIUS SERVER
No Security
WPA
Static WEP
WPA-PSK
Strongest
WPA2-PSK
WPA2
For example, if the wireless network has a RADIUS server, you can choose WPA or WPA2. If users
do not log in to the wireless network, you can choose no encryption, Static WEP, WPA-PSK, or
WPA2-PSK.
Usually, you should set up the strongest encryption that every device in the wireless network
supports. For example, suppose you have a wireless network with the Device and you do not have
a RADIUS server. Therefore, there is no authentication. Suppose the wireless network has two
devices. Device A only supports WEP, and device B supports WEP and WPA. Therefore, you should
set up Static WEP in the wireless network.
Note: It is recommended that wireless networks use WPA-PSK, WPA, or stronger
encryption. The other types of encryption are better than none at all, but it is still
possible for unauthorized wireless devices to figure out the original information
pretty quickly.
When you select WPA2 or WPA2-PSK in your Device, you can also select an option (WPA
compatible) to support WPA as well. In this case, if some of the devices support WPA and some
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support WPA2, you should set up WPA2-PSK or WPA2 (depending on the type of wireless network
login) and select the WPA compatible option in the Device.
Many types of encryption use a key to protect the information in the wireless network. The longer
the key, the stronger the encryption. Every device in the wireless network must have the same key.
6.10.4 Signal Problems
Because wireless networks are radio networks, their signals are subject to limitations of distance,
interference and absorption.
Problems with distance occur when the two radios are too far apart. Problems with interference
occur when other radio waves interrupt the data signal. Interference may come from other radio
transmissions, such as military or air traffic control communications, or from machines that are
coincidental emitters such as electric motors or microwaves. Problems with absorption occur when
physical objects (such as thick walls) are between the two radios, muffling the signal.
6.10.5 BSS
A Basic Service Set (BSS) exists when all communications between wireless stations or between a
wireless station and a wired network client go through one access point (AP).
Intra-BSS traffic is traffic between wireless stations in the BSS. When Intra-BSS traffic blocking is
disabled, wireless station A and B can access the wired network and communicate with each other.
When Intra-BSS traffic blocking is enabled, wireless station A and B can still access the wired
network but cannot communicate with each other.
Figure 48 Basic Service set
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6.10.6 MBSSID
Traditionally, you need to use different APs to configure different Basic Service Sets (BSSs). As well
as the cost of buying extra APs, there is also the possibility of channel interference. The Device’s
MBSSID (Multiple Basic Service Set IDentifier) function allows you to use one access point to
provide several BSSs simultaneously. You can then assign varying QoS priorities and/or security
modes to different SSIDs.
Wireless devices can use different BSSIDs to associate with the same AP.
6.10.6.1 Notes on Multiple BSSs
• A maximum of eight BSSs are allowed on one AP simultaneously.
• You must use different keys for different BSSs. If two wireless devices have different BSSIDs
(they are in different BSSs), but have the same keys, they may hear each other’s
communications (but not communicate with each other).
• MBSSID should not replace but rather be used in conjunction with 802.1x security.
6.10.7 Preamble Type
Preamble is used to signal that data is coming to the receiver. Short and long refer to the length of
the synchronization field in a packet.
Short preamble increases performance as less time sending preamble means more time for sending
data. All IEEE 802.11 compliant wireless adapters support long preamble, but not all support short
preamble.
Use long preamble if you are unsure what preamble mode other wireless devices on the network
support, and to provide more reliable communications in busy wireless networks.
Use short preamble if you are sure all wireless devices on the network support it, and to provide
more efficient communications.
Use the dynamic setting to automatically use short preamble when all wireless devices on the
network support it, otherwise the Device uses long preamble.
Note: The wireless devices MUST use the same preamble mode in order to communicate.
6.10.8 Wireless Distribution System (WDS)
The Device can act as a wireless network bridge and establish WDS (Wireless Distribution System)
links with other APs. You need to know the MAC addresses of the APs you want to link to. Once the
security settings of peer sides match one another, the connection between devices is made.
At the time of writing, WDS security is compatible with other ZyXEL access points only. Refer to
your other access point’s documentation for details.
The following figure illustrates how WDS link works between APs. Notebook computer A is a
wireless client connecting to access point AP 1. AP 1 has no wired Internet connection, but it can
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establish a WDS link with access point AP 2, which has a wired Internet connection. When AP 1
has a WDS link with AP 2, the notebook computer can access the Internet through AP 2.
Figure 49 WDS Link Example
WDS
AP 1
AP 2
6.10.9 WiFi Protected Setup (WPS)
Your Device supports WiFi Protected Setup (WPS), which is an easy way to set up a secure wireless
network. WPS is an industry standard specification, defined by the WiFi Alliance.
WPS allows you to quickly set up a wireless network with strong security, without having to
configure security settings manually. Each WPS connection works between two devices. Both
devices must support WPS (check each device’s documentation to make sure).
Depending on the devices you have, you can either press a button (on the device itself, or in its
configuration utility) or enter a PIN (a unique Personal Identification Number that allows one device
to authenticate the other) in each of the two devices. When WPS is activated on a device, it has two
minutes to find another device that also has WPS activated. Then, the two devices connect and set
up a secure network by themselves.
6.10.9.1 Push Button Configuration
WPS Push Button Configuration (PBC) is initiated by pressing a button on each WPS-enabled
device, and allowing them to connect automatically. You do not need to enter any information.
Not every WPS-enabled device has a physical WPS button. Some may have a WPS PBC button in
their configuration utilities instead of or in addition to the physical button.
Take the following steps to set up WPS using the button.
Ensure that the two devices you want to set up are within wireless range of one another.
Look for a WPS button on each device. If the device does not have one, log into its configuration
utility and locate the button (see the device’s User’s Guide for how to do this - for the Device, see
Section 6.6 on page 86).
Press the button on one of the devices (it doesn’t matter which). For the Device you must press the
WPS button for more than three seconds.
Within two minutes, press the button on the other device. The registrar sends the network name
(SSID) and security key through an secure connection to the enrollee.
If you need to make sure that WPS worked, check the list of associated wireless clients in the AP’s
configuration utility. If you see the wireless client in the list, WPS was successful.
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6.10.9.2 PIN Configuration
Each WPS-enabled device has its own PIN (Personal Identification Number). This may either be
static (it cannot be changed) or dynamic (in some devices you can generate a new PIN by clicking
on a button in the configuration interface).
Use the PIN method instead of the push-button configuration (PBC) method if you want to ensure
that the connection is established between the devices you specify, not just the first two devices to
activate WPS in range of each other. However, you need to log into the configuration interfaces of
both devices to use the PIN method.
When you use the PIN method, you must enter the PIN from one device (usually the wireless client)
into the second device (usually the Access Point or wireless router). Then, when WPS is activated
on the first device, it presents its PIN to the second device. If the PIN matches, one device sends
the network and security information to the other, allowing it to join the network.
Take the following steps to set up a WPS connection between an access point or wireless router
(referred to here as the AP) and a client device using the PIN method.
Ensure WPS is enabled on both devices.
Access the WPS section of the AP’s configuration interface. See the device’s User’s Guide for how to
do this.
Look for the client’s WPS PIN; it will be displayed either on the device, or in the WPS section of the
client’s configuration interface (see the device’s User’s Guide for how to find the WPS PIN - for the
Device, see Section 6.5 on page 85).
Enter the client’s PIN in the AP’s configuration interface.
If the client device’s configuration interface has an area for entering another device’s PIN, you can
either enter the client’s PIN in the AP, or enter the AP’s PIN in the client - it does not matter which.
Start WPS on both devices within two minutes.
Use the configuration utility to activate WPS, not the push-button on the device itself.
On a computer connected to the wireless client, try to connect to the Internet. If you can connect,
WPS was successful.
If you cannot connect, check the list of associated wireless clients in the AP’s configuration utility. If
you see the wireless client in the list, WPS was successful.
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The following figure shows a WPS-enabled wireless client (installed in a notebook computer)
connecting to the WPS-enabled AP via the PIN method.
Figure 50 Example WPS Process: PIN Method
ENROLLEE
REGISTRAR
WPS
This device’s
WPS PIN: 123456
WPS
Enter WPS PIN
from other device:
WPS
START
WPS
START
WITHIN 2 MINUTES
SECURE EAP TUNNEL
SSID
WPA(2)-PSK
COMMUNICATION
6.10.9.3 How WPS Works
When two WPS-enabled devices connect, each device must assume a specific role. One device acts
as the registrar (the device that supplies network and security settings) and the other device acts
as the enrollee (the device that receives network and security settings. The registrar creates a
secure EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) tunnel and sends the network name (SSID) and the
WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK pre-shared key to the enrollee. Whether WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK is used
depends on the standards supported by the devices. If the registrar is already part of a network, it
sends the existing information. If not, it generates the SSID and WPA(2)-PSK randomly.
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The following figure shows a WPS-enabled client (installed in a notebook computer) connecting to a
WPS-enabled access point.
Figure 51 How WPS works
ACTIVATE
WPS
ACTIVATE
WPS
WITHIN 2 MINUTES
WPS HANDSHAKE
ENROLLEE
REGISTRAR
SECURE TUNNEL
SECURITY INFO
COMMUNICATION
The roles of registrar and enrollee last only as long as the WPS setup process is active (two
minutes). The next time you use WPS, a different device can be the registrar if necessary.
The WPS connection process is like a handshake; only two devices participate in each WPS
transaction. If you want to add more devices you should repeat the process with one of the existing
networked devices and the new device.
Note that the access point (AP) is not always the registrar, and the wireless client is not always the
enrollee. All WPS-certified APs can be a registrar, and so can some WPS-enabled wireless clients.
By default, a WPS devices is “unconfigured”. This means that it is not part of an existing network
and can act as either enrollee or registrar (if it supports both functions). If the registrar is
unconfigured, the security settings it transmits to the enrollee are randomly-generated. Once a
WPS-enabled device has connected to another device using WPS, it becomes “configured”. A
configured wireless client can still act as enrollee or registrar in subsequent WPS connections, but a
configured access point can no longer act as enrollee. It will be the registrar in all subsequent WPS
connections in which it is involved. If you want a configured AP to act as an enrollee, you must reset
it to its factory defaults.
6.10.9.4 Example WPS Network Setup
This section shows how security settings are distributed in an example WPS setup.
The following figure shows an example network. In step 1, both AP1 and Client 1 are
unconfigured. When WPS is activated on both, they perform the handshake. In this example, AP1
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is the registrar, and Client 1 is the enrollee. The registrar randomly generates the security
information to set up the network, since it is unconfigured and has no existing information.
Figure 52 WPS: Example Network Step 1
ENROLLEE
REGISTRAR
SECURITY INFO
AP1
CLIENT 1
In step 2, you add another wireless client to the network. You know that Client 1 supports registrar
mode, but it is better to use AP1 for the WPS handshake with the new client since you must
connect to the access point anyway in order to use the network. In this case, AP1 must be the
registrar, since it is configured (it already has security information for the network). AP1 supplies
the existing security information to Client 2.
Figure 53 WPS: Example Network Step 2
REGISTRAR
EXISTING CONNECTION
AP1
CLIENT 1
ENROLLEE
YI
RIT
EC
NF
CLIENT 2
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In step 3, you add another access point (AP2) to your network. AP2 is out of range of AP1, so you
cannot use AP1 for the WPS handshake with the new access point. However, you know that Client
2 supports the registrar function, so you use it to perform the WPS handshake instead.
Figure 54 WPS: Example Network Step 3
EXISTING CONNECTION
CLIENT 1
CO
ING
XIS
ION
CT
NN
AP1
REGISTRAR
CLIENT 2
SE
CU
RIT
ENROLLEE
INF
AP2
6.10.9.5 Limitations of WPS
WPS has some limitations of which you should be aware.
• WPS works in Infrastructure networks only (where an AP and a wireless client communicate). It
does not work in Ad-Hoc networks (where there is no AP).
• When you use WPS, it works between two devices only. You cannot enroll multiple devices
simultaneously, you must enroll one after the other.
For instance, if you have two enrollees and one registrar you must set up the first enrollee (by
pressing the WPS button on the registrar and the first enrollee, for example), then check that it
successfully enrolled, then set up the second device in the same way.
• WPS works only with other WPS-enabled devices. However, you can still add non-WPS devices to
a network you already set up using WPS.
WPS works by automatically issuing a randomly-generated WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK pre-shared
key from the registrar device to the enrollee devices. Whether the network uses WPA-PSK or
WPA2-PSK depends on the device. You can check the configuration interface of the registrar
device to discover the key the network is using (if the device supports this feature). Then, you
can enter the key into the non-WPS device and join the network as normal (the non-WPS device
must also support WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK).
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• When you use the PBC method, there is a short period (from the moment you press the button
on one device to the moment you press the button on the other device) when any WPS-enabled
device could join the network. This is because the registrar has no way of identifying the
“correct” enrollee, and cannot differentiate between your enrollee and a rogue device. This is a
possible way for a hacker to gain access to a network.
You can easily check to see if this has happened. WPS works between only two devices
simultaneously, so if another device has enrolled your device will be unable to enroll, and will not
have access to the network. If this happens, open the access point’s configuration interface and
look at the list of associated clients (usually displayed by MAC address). It does not matter if the
access point is the WPS registrar, the enrollee, or was not involved in the WPS handshake; a
rogue device must still associate with the access point to gain access to the network. Check the
MAC addresses of your wireless clients (usually printed on a label on the bottom of the device). If
there is an unknown MAC address you can remove it or reset the AP.
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Home Networking
7.1 Overview
A Local Area Network (LAN) is a shared communication system to which many networking devices
are connected. It is usually located in one immediate area such as a building or floor of a building.
Use the LAN screens to help you configure a LAN DHCP server and manage IP addresses.
LAN
DSL
7.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
• Use the LAN Setup screen to set the LAN IP address, subnet mask, and DHCP settings of your
Device (Section 7.2 on page 107).
• Use the Static DHCP screen to assign IP addresses on the LAN to specific individual computers
based on their MAC Addresses (Section 7.3 on page 111).
• Use the UPnP screen to enable UPnP and UPnP NAT traversal on the Device (Section 7.4 on page
112).
• Use the Additional Subnet screen to configure IP alias and public static IP (Section 7.7 on page
122).
• Use the STB Vendor ID screen to have the Device automatically create static DHCP entries for
Set Top Box (STB) devices when they request IP addresses (Section 7.8 on page 123)
• Use the 5th Ethernet Port screen to configure the WAN port as the Ethernet WAN port or a LAN
port (Section 7.9 on page 123).
• Use the LAN VLAN screen to control the VLAN ID and IEEE 802.1p priority tags of traffic sent out
through individual LAN ports (Section 7.10 on page 124).
• Use the Wake on Lan screen to remotely turn on a device on the network. (Section 7.11 on
page 125).
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7.1.2 What You Need To Know
7.1.2.1 About LAN
IP Address
IP addresses identify individual devices on a network. Every networking device (including
computers, servers, routers, printers, etc.) needs an IP address to communicate across the
network. These networking devices are also known as hosts.
Subnet Mask
Subnet masks determine the maximum number of possible hosts on a network. You can also use
subnet masks to divide one network into multiple sub-networks.
DHCP
A DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) server can assign your Device an IP address, subnet
mask, DNS and other routing information when it's turned on.
DNS
DNS (Domain Name System) is for mapping a domain name to its corresponding IP address and
vice versa. The DNS server is extremely important because without it, you must know the IP
address of a networking device before you can access it.
RADVD (Router Advertisement Daemon)
When an IPv6 host sends a Router Solicitation (RS) request to discover the available routers,
RADVD with Router Advertisement (RA) messages in response to the request. It specifies the
minimum and maximum intervals of RA broadcasts. RA messages containing the address prefix.
IPv6 hosts can be generated with the IPv6 prefix an IPv6 address.
7.1.2.2 About UPnP
Identifying UPnP Devices
UPnP hardware is identified as an icon in the Network Connections folder (Windows XP). Each UPnP
compatible device installed on your network will appear as a separate icon. Selecting the icon of a
UPnP device will allow you to access the information and properties of that device.
NAT Traversal
UPnP NAT traversal automates the process of allowing an application to operate through NAT. UPnP
network devices can automatically configure network addressing, announce their presence in the
network to other UPnP devices and enable exchange of simple product and service descriptions.
NAT traversal allows the following:
• Dynamic port mapping
• Learning public IP addresses
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• Assigning lease times to mappings
Windows Messenger is an example of an application that supports NAT traversal and UPnP.
See the Chapter 10 on page 155 for more information on NAT.
Cautions with UPnP
The automated nature of NAT traversal applications in establishing their own services and opening
firewall ports may present network security issues. Network information and configuration may also
be obtained and modified by users in some network environments.
When a UPnP device joins a network, it announces its presence with a multicast message. For
security reasons, the Device allows multicast messages on the LAN only.
All UPnP-enabled devices may communicate freely with each other without additional configuration.
Disable UPnP if this is not your intention.
UPnP and ZyXEL
ZyXEL has achieved UPnP certification from the Universal Plug and Play Forum UPnP™
Implementers Corp. (UIC). ZyXEL's UPnP implementation supports Internet Gateway Device (IGD)
1.0.
See Section 7.5 on page 113 for examples of installing and using UPnP.
Finding Out More
See Section 7.12 on page 126 for technical background information on LANs.
7.1.3 Before You Begin
Find out the MAC addresses of your network devices if you intend to add them to the DHCP Client
List screen.
7.2 The LAN Setup Screen
Use this screen to set the Local Area Network IP address and subnet mask of your Device. Click
Network Setting > Home Networking to open the LAN Setup screen.
Follow these steps to configure your LAN settings.
Enter an IP address into the IP Address field. The IP address must be in dotted decimal notation.
This will become the IP address of your Device.
Enter the IP subnet mask into the IP Subnet Mask field. Unless instructed otherwise it is best to
leave this alone, the configurator will automatically compute a subnet mask based upon the IP
address you entered.
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Click Apply to save your settings.
Figure 55 Network Setting > Home Networking > LAN Setup
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 30 Network Setting > Home Networking > LAN Setup
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Interface Group
Group Name
Select the interface group name for which you want to configure LAN settings. See Chapter
12 on page 177 for how to create a new interface group.
LAN IP Setup
IPv4 Address
Enter the LAN IPv4 IP address you want to assign to your Device in dotted decimal notation,
for example, 192.168.1.1 (factory default).
Subnet Mask/
Prefix Length
Type the subnet mask of your network in dotted decimal notation, for example
255.255.255.0 (factory default). Your Device automatically computes the subnet mask
based on the IP Address you enter, so do not change this field unless you are instructed to
do so.
IGMP Snooping
Status
Select the Enable IGMP Snooping checkbox to allows the Device to passively learn
multicast group.
IGMP Mode
Select Standard Mode to have the Device forward multicast packets to a port that joins the
multicast group and broadcast unknown multicast packets from the WAN to all LAN ports.
Select Blocking Mode to have the Device block all unknown multicast packets from the
WAN.
DHCP Server State
DHCP
Select Enable to have the Device act as a DHCP server or DHCP relay agent.
Select Disable to stop the DHCP server on the Device.
Select DHCP Relay to have the Device forward DHCP request to the DHCP server.
DHCP Relay
Server Address
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This field is only available when you select DHCP Relay in the DHCP field.
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Table 30 Network Setting > Home Networking > LAN Setup (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
IPv4 Address
Enter the IPv4 IP address of the actual remote DHCP server in this field.
IP Addressing
Values
This field is only available when you select Enable in the DHCP field.
Beginning IP
Address
This field specifies the first of the contiguous addresses in the IP address pool.
Ending IP
Address
This field specifies the last of the contiguous addresses in the IP address pool.
Auto reserve IP
for the same
host
Select Enable to have the Device record DHCP IP addresses with the MAC addresses the IP
addresses are assigned to. The Device assigns the same IP address to the same MAC
address when the host requests an IP address again through DHCP.
DHCP Server
Lease Time
This is the period of time DHCP-assigned addresses is used. DHCP automatically assigns IP
addresses to clients when they log in. DHCP centralizes IP address management on central
computers that run the DHCP server program. DHCP leases addresses, for a period of time,
which means that past addresses are “recycled” and made available for future reassignment
to other systems.
This field is only available when you select Enable in the DHCP field.
Days/Hours/
Minutes
Enter the lease time of the DHCP server.
DNS Values
This field is only available when you select Enable in the DHCP field.
DNS
Select the type of service that you are registered for from your Dynamic DNS service
provider.
Select Dynamic if you have the Dynamic DNS service.
Select Static if you have the Static DNS service.
DNS Server 1
DNS Server 2
Enter the first and second DNS (Domain Name System) server IP address the Device passes
to the DHCP clients.
LAN IPv6 Mode Setup
IPv6 State
Select Enable to activate the IPv6 mode and configure IPv6 settings on the Device.
LAN IPv6 Address Setup
Delegate prefix
from WAN
Select this option to automatically obtain an IPv6 network prefix from the service provider
or an uplink router.
Static
Select this option to configure a fixed IPv6 address for the Device’s LAN IPv6 address.
ULA PseudoRandom Global
ID
A unique local address (ULA) is a unique IPv6 address for use in private networks but not
routable in the global IPv6 Internet.
Select this to have the Device automatically generate a globally unique address for the LAN
IPv6 address. The address format is like fdxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx::/64.
ULA IPv6 Address Setup
IPv6 Address
If you select static IPv6 address, enter the IPv6 address prefix that the Device uses for the
LAN IPv6 address.
Prefix Length
If you select static IPv6 address, enter the IPv6 prefix length that the Device uses to
generate the LAN IPv6 address.
An IPv6 prefix length specifies how many most significant bits (starting from the left) in the
address compose the network address. This field displays the bit number of the IPv6 subnet
mask.
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Table 30 Network Setting > Home Networking > LAN Setup (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
MLD Snooping
Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) allows an IPv6 switch or router to discover the presence
of MLD hosts who wish to receive multicast packets and the IP addresses of multicast
groups the hosts want to join on its network. Select Enable MLD Snooping to activate MLD
Snooping on the Device. This allows the Device to check MLD packets passing through it and
learn the multicast group membership. It helps reduce multicast traffic.
MLD Mode
Select Standard Mode to have the Device forward IPv6 multicast packets to a port that
joins the IPv6 multicast group and broadcast unknown IPv6 multicast packets from the WAN
to all LAN ports.
Select Blocking Mode to have the Device block all unknown IPv6 multicast packets from
the WAN.
LAN IPv6
Address Assign
Setup
Select how you want to obtain an IPv6 address:
•
•
•
Stateless: The Device uses IPv6 stateless autoconfiguration. RADVD (Router
Advertisement Daemon) is enabled to have the Device send IPv6 prefix information in
router advertisements periodically and in response to router solicitations. DHCPv6 server
is disabled.
Stateful: The Device uses IPv6 stateful autoconfiguration. The DHCPv6 server is
enabled to have the Device act as a DHCPv6 server and pass IPv6 addresses to DHCPv6
clients.
Stateless and Stateful: The Device uses both IPv6 stateless and stateful
autoconfiguration. The LAN IPv6 clients can obtain IPv6 addresses either through router
advertisements or through DHCPv6.
•
LAN IPv6 DNS
Assign Setup
Select how the Device provide DNS server and domain name information to the clients:
•
•
•
From Router Advertisement: The Device provides DNS information through router
advertisements.
From DHCPv6 Server: The Device provides DNS information through DHCPv6.
From RA & DHCPv6 Server: The Device provides DNS information through both router
advertisements and DHCPv6.
DHCPv6 Configuration
DHCPv6 State
This shows the status of the DHCPv6.
IPv6 Router Advertisement State
RADVD State
This shows whether RADVD is enabled or not.
IPv6 DNS Values
IPv6 DNS
Server 1-3
Select From ISP if your ISP dynamically assigns IPv6 DNS server information.
Select User-Defined if you have the IPv6 address of a DNS server. Enter the DNS server
IPv6 addresses the Device passes to the DHCP clients.
Select None if you do not want to configure IPv6 DNS servers.
DNS Query
Scenario
Select how the Device handles clients’ DNS information requests.
•
•
•
•
•
110
IPv4/IPv6 DNS Server: The Device forwards the requests to both the IPv4 and IPv6
DNS servers and sends clients the first DNS information it receives.
IPv6 DNS Server Only: The Device forwards the requests to the IPv6 DNS server and
sends clients the DNS information it receives.
IPv4 DNS Server Only: The Device forwards the requests to the IPv4 DNS server and
sends clients the DNS information it receives.
IPv6 DNS Server First: The Device forwards the requests to the IPv6 DNS server first
and then the IPv4 DNS server. Then it sends clients the first DNS information it receives.
IPv4 DNS Server First: The Device forwards the requests to the IPv4 DNS server first
and then the IPv6 DNS server. Then it sends clients the first DNS information it receives.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.
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7.3 The Static DHCP Screen
This table allows you to assign IP addresses on the LAN to specific individual computers based on
their MAC Addresses.
Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC (Media Access Control) address. The MAC address is
assigned at the factory and consists of six pairs of hexadecimal characters, for example,
00:A0:C5:00:00:02.
Use this screen to change your Device’s static DHCP settings. Click Network Setting > Home
Networking > Static DHCP to open the following screen.
Figure 56 Network Setting > Home Networking > Static DHCP
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 31 Network Setting > Home Networking > Static DHCP
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Add new static
lease
Click this to add a new static DHCP entry.
This is the index number of the entry.
Status
This field displays whether the client is connected to the Device.
MAC Address
The MAC (Media Access Control) or Ethernet address on a LAN (Local Area Network) is
unique to your computer (six pairs of hexadecimal notation).
A network interface card such as an Ethernet adapter has a hardwired address that is
assigned at the factory. This address follows an industry standard that ensures no other
adapter has a similar address.
IP Address
This field displays the IP address relative to the # field listed above.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to have the IP address field editable and change it.
Click the Delete icon to delete a static DHCP entry. A window displays asking you to
confirm that you want to delete the selected entry.
If you click Add new static lease in the Static DHCP screen or the Edit icon next to a static DHCP
entry, the following screen displays.
Figure 57 Static DHCP: Add/Edit
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 32 Static DHCP: Add/Edit
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Active
Select this to activate the connection between the client and the Device.
Group Name
Select the interface group name for which you want to configure static DHCP settings.
See Chapter 12 on page 177 for how to create a new interface group.
Select Device Info
Select a device or computer from the drop-down list or select Manual Input to manually
enter a device’s MAC address and IP address in the following fields.
MAC Address
If you select Manual Input, enter the MAC address of a computer on your LAN.
IP Address
If you select Manual Input, enter the IP address that you want to assign to the
computer on your LAN with the MAC address that you will also specify.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
7.4 The UPnP Screen
Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) is a distributed, open networking standard that uses TCP/IP for
simple peer-to-peer network connectivity between devices. A UPnP device can dynamically join a
network, obtain an IP address, convey its capabilities and learn about other devices on the network.
In turn, a device can leave a network smoothly and automatically when it is no longer in use.
See page 106 for more information on UPnP.
Use the following screen to configure the UPnP settings on your Device. Click Network Setting >
Home Networking > UPnP to display the screen shown next.
Figure 58 Network Setting > Home Networking > UPnP
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 33 Network Setting > Home Networking > UPnP
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
UPnP
Select Enable to activate UPnP. Be aware that anyone could use a UPnP application to open
the web configurator's login screen without entering the Device's IP address (although you
must still enter the password to access the web configurator).
UPnP NAT-T
Select Enable to allow UPnP-enabled applications to automatically configure the Device so
that they can communicate through the Device by using NAT traversal. UPnP applications
automatically reserve a NAT forwarding port in order to communicate with another UPnP
enabled device; this eliminates the need to manually configure port forwarding for the UPnP
enabled application.
This is the index number of the UPnP NAT-T connection.
Description
This is the description of the UPnP NAT-T connection.
IP Address
This is the IP address of the other connected UPnP enabled device.
External Port
This is the external port number that identifies the service.
Internal Port
This is the internal port number that identifies the service.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
The table below displays the NAT port forwarding rules added automatically by UPnP NAT-T.
7.5 Installing UPnP in Windows Example
This section shows how to install UPnP in Windows Me and Windows XP.
Installing UPnP in Windows Me
Follow the steps below to install the UPnP in Windows Me.
Click Start and Control Panel. Double-click Add/Remove Programs.
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Click on the Windows Setup tab and select Communication in the Components selection box.
Click Details.
Add/Remove Programs: Windows Setup: Communication
In the Communications window, select the Universal Plug and Play check box in the
Components selection box.
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Click OK to go back to the Add/Remove Programs Properties window and click Next.
Restart the computer when prompted.
Installing UPnP in Windows XP
Follow the steps below to install the UPnP in Windows XP.
Click Start and Control Panel.
Double-click Network Connections.
In the Network Connections window, click Advanced in the main menu and select Optional
Networking Components ….
Network Connections
The Windows Optional Networking Components Wizard window displays. Select Networking
Service in the Components selection box and click Details.
Windows Optional Networking Components Wizard
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In the Networking Services window, select the Universal Plug and Play check box.
Networking Services
Click OK to go back to the Windows Optional Networking Component Wizard window and
click Next.
7.6 Using UPnP in Windows XP Example
This section shows you how to use the UPnP feature in Windows XP. You must already have UPnP
installed in Windows XP and UPnP activated on the Device.
Make sure the computer is connected to a LAN port of the Device. Turn on your computer and the
Device.
Auto-discover Your UPnP-enabled Network Device
116
Click Start and Control Panel. Double-click Network Connections. An icon displays under
Internet Gateway.
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Right-click the icon and select Properties.
Network Connections
In the Internet Connection Properties window, click Settings to see the port mappings there
were automatically created.
Internet Connection Properties
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You may edit or delete the port mappings or click Add to manually add port mappings.
Internet Connection Properties: Advanced Settings
Internet Connection Properties: Advanced Settings: Add
When the UPnP-enabled device is disconnected from your computer, all port mappings will be
deleted automatically.
Select Show icon in notification area when connected option and click OK. An icon displays in
the system tray.
System Tray Icon
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Double-click on the icon to display your current Internet connection status.
Internet Connection Status
Web Configurator Easy Access
With UPnP, you can access the web-based configurator on the Device without finding out the IP
address of the Device first. This comes helpful if you do not know the IP address of the Device.
Follow the steps below to access the web configurator.
Click Start and then Control Panel.
Double-click Network Connections.
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Select My Network Places under Other Places.
Network Connections
An icon with the description for each UPnP-enabled device displays under Local Network.
Right-click on the icon for your Device and select Invoke. The web configurator login screen
displays.
Network Connections: My Network Places
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Right-click on the icon for your Device and select Properties. A properties window displays with
basic information about the Device.
Network Connections: My Network Places: Properties: Example
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7.7 The Additional Subnet Screen
Use the Additional Subnet screen to configure IP alias and public static IP.
IP alias allows you to partition a physical network into different logical networks over the same
Ethernet interface. The Device supports multiple logical LAN interfaces via its physical Ethernet
interface with the Device itself as the gateway for the LAN network. When you use IP alias, you can
also configure firewall rules to control access to the LAN's logical network (subnet).
If your ISP provides the Public LAN service, the Device may use an LAN IP address that can be
accessed from the WAN.
Click Network Setting > Home Networking > Additional Subnet to display the screen shown
next.
Figure 59 Network Setting > Home Networking > Additional Subnet
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 34 Network Setting > Home Networking > Additional Subnet
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
IP Alias Setup
Group Name
Select the interface group name for which you want to configure the IP alias settings. See
Chapter 12 on page 177 for how to create a new interface group.
Active
Select the checkbox to configure a LAN network for the Device.
IP Address
Enter the IP address of your Device in dotted decimal notation.
IP Subnet Mask
Your Device will automatically calculate the subnet mask based on the IP address that you
assign. Unless you are implementing subnetting, use the subnet mask computed by the
Device.
Public LAN
122
Active
Select the checkbox to enable the Public LAN feature. Your ISP must support Public LAN and
Static IP.
IP Address
Enter the public IP address provided by your ISP.
IP Subnet Mask
Enter the public IP subnet mask provided by your ISP.
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Table 34 Network Setting > Home Networking > Additional Subnet (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Offer Public IP
by DHCP
Select the checkbox to enable the Device to provide public IP addresses by DHCP server.
Enable ARP
Proxy
Select the checkbox to enable the ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) proxy.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
7.8 The STB Vendor ID Screen
Set Top Box (STB) devices with dynamic IP addresses sometimes don’t renew their IP addresses
before the lease time expires. This could lead to IP address conflicts if the STB continues to use an
IP address that gets assigned to another device. Use this screen to list the Vendor IDs of connected
STBs to have the Device automatically create static DHCP entries for them when they request IP
addresses.
Click Network Setting > Home Networking > STB Vendor ID to open this screen.
Figure 60 Network Setting > Home Networking > STB Vendor ID
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 35 Network Setting > Home Networking > STB Vendor ID
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Vendor ID 1 ~
Enter the STB’s vendor ID.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
7.9 The 5th Ethernet Port Screen
If you use a DSL connection, you can configure your Ethernet WAN port as an extra LAN port. This
Gigabit Ethernet port provides faster transmission speeds. Click Network Setting > Home
Networking > 5th Ethernet Port to open this screen.
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Note: The Device needs to restart to make the role change take effect.
Figure 61 Network Setting > Home Networking > 5th Ethernet Port
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 36 Network Setting > Home Networking > 5th Ethernet Port
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
State
Select Enable to use the Ethernet WAN port as a LAN port on the Device.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
7.10 The LAN VLAN Screen
Click Network Setting > Home Networking > LAN VLAN to open this screen. Use this screen to
control the VLAN ID and IEEE 802.1p priority tags of traffic sent out through individual LAN ports.
Figure 62 Network Setting > Home Networking > LAN VLAN
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 37 Network Setting > Home Networking > LAN VLAN
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Lan Port
These represent the Device’s LAN ports.
Tag Operation
Select what you want the Device to do to the IEEE 802.1q VLAN ID and priority tags of
downstream traffic before sending it out through this LAN port.
•
•
•
•
Unchange - Don’t do anything to the traffic’s VLAN ID and priority tags.
Add - Add VLAN ID and priority tags to untagged traffic.
Remove - Delete one tag from tagged traffic. If the frame has double tags, this removes
the outer tag. This does not affect untagged traffic.
Remark - Change the value of the outer VLAN ID and priority tags.
802.1P Mark
Use this option to set what to do for the IEEE 802.1p priority tags when you add or remark
the tags for a LAN port’s downstream traffic. Either select Unchange to not modify the
traffic’s priority tags or select an priority from 0 to 7 to use. The larger the number, the
higher the priority.
VLAN ID
If you will add or remark tags for this LAN port’s downstream traffic, specify the VLAN ID
(from 0 to 4094) to use here.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
7.11 The Wake on LAN Screen
Use this screen to turn on a device on the LAN network. To use this feature, the remote device must
also support Wake On LAN.
You need to know the MAC address of the LAN device. It may be on a label on the device or in its
documentation.
Click Network Setting > Home Networking > Wake on Lan to open this screen.
Figure 63 Network Setting > Home Networking > Wake on Lan
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 38 Network Setting > Home Networking > Wake on Lan
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Wake by
Address
Select Manual and enter the IP address or MAC address of the device to turn it on remotely.
The drop-down list also lists the IP addresses that can be found in the Device’s ARP table.
Select an IP address and it will then automatically update the IP address and MAC address
in the following fields.
IP Address
Enter the IPv4 IP address of the device to turn it on.
MAC Address
Enter the MAC address of the device to turn it on. A MAC address consists of six
hexadecimal character pairs.
Wake up
Click this to send a wake up packet to wake up the specified device.
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7.12 Technical Reference
This section provides some technical background information about the topics covered in this
chapter.
7.12.1 LANs, WANs and the Device
The actual physical connection determines whether the Device ports are LAN or WAN ports. There
are two separate IP networks, one inside the LAN network and the other outside the WAN network
as shown next.
Figure 64 LAN and WAN IP Addresses
LAN
WAN
7.12.2 DHCP Setup
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, RFC 2131 and RFC 2132) allows individual clients to
obtain TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a server. You can configure the Device as a DHCP
server or disable it. When configured as a server, the Device provides the TCP/IP configuration for
the clients. If you turn DHCP service off, you must have another DHCP server on your LAN, or else
the computer must be manually configured.
IP Pool Setup
The Device is pre-configured with a pool of IP addresses for the DHCP clients (DHCP Pool). See the
product specifications in the appendices. Do not assign static IP addresses from the DHCP pool to
your LAN computers.
7.12.3 DNS Server Addresses
DNS (Domain Name System) maps a domain name to its corresponding IP address and vice versa.
The DNS server is extremely important because without it, you must know the IP address of a
computer before you can access it. The DNS server addresses you enter when you set up DHCP are
passed to the client machines along with the assigned IP address and subnet mask.
There are two ways that an ISP disseminates the DNS server addresses.
• The ISP tells you the DNS server addresses, usually in the form of an information sheet, when
you sign up. If your ISP gives you DNS server addresses, enter them in the DNS Server fields in
the DHCP Setup screen.
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• Some ISPs choose to disseminate the DNS server addresses using the DNS server extensions of
IPCP (IP Control Protocol) after the connection is up. If your ISP did not give you explicit DNS
servers, chances are the DNS servers are conveyed through IPCP negotiation. The Device
supports the IPCP DNS server extensions through the DNS proxy feature.
Please note that DNS proxy works only when the ISP uses the IPCP DNS server extensions. It
does not mean you can leave the DNS servers out of the DHCP setup under all circumstances. If
your ISP gives you explicit DNS servers, make sure that you enter their IP addresses in the
DHCP Setup screen.
7.12.4 LAN TCP/IP
The Device has built-in DHCP server capability that assigns IP addresses and DNS servers to
systems that support DHCP client capability.
IP Address and Subnet Mask
Similar to the way houses on a street share a common street name, so too do computers on a LAN
share one common network number.
Where you obtain your network number depends on your particular situation. If the ISP or your
network administrator assigns you a block of registered IP addresses, follow their instructions in
selecting the IP addresses and the subnet mask.
If the ISP did not explicitly give you an IP network number, then most likely you have a single user
account and the ISP will assign you a dynamic IP address when the connection is established. If this
is the case, it is recommended that you select a network number from 192.168.0.0 to
192.168.255.0 and you must enable the Network Address Translation (NAT) feature of the Device.
The Internet Assigned Number Authority (IANA) reserved this block of addresses specifically for
private use; please do not use any other number unless you are told otherwise. Let's say you select
192.168.1.0 as the network number; which covers 254 individual addresses, from 192.168.1.1 to
192.168.1.254 (zero and 255 are reserved). In other words, the first three numbers specify the
network number while the last number identifies an individual computer on that network.
Once you have decided on the network number, pick an IP address that is easy to remember, for
instance, 192.168.1.1, for your Device, but make sure that no other device on your network is
using that IP address.
The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your Device will compute
the subnet mask automatically based on the IP address that you entered. You don't need to change
the subnet mask computed by the Device unless you are instructed to do otherwise.
Private IP Addresses
Every machine on the Internet must have a unique address. If your networks are isolated from the
Internet, for example, only between your two branch offices, you can assign any IP addresses to
the hosts without problems. However, the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) has
reserved the following three blocks of IP addresses specifically for private networks:
• 10.0.0.0
— 10.255.255.255
• 172.16.0.0
— 172.31.255.255
• 192.168.0.0 — 192.168.255.255
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You can obtain your IP address from the IANA, from an ISP or it can be assigned from a private
network. If you belong to a small organization and your Internet access is through an ISP, the ISP
can provide you with the Internet addresses for your local networks. On the other hand, if you are
part of a much larger organization, you should consult your network administrator for the
appropriate IP addresses.
Note: Regardless of your particular situation, do not create an arbitrary IP address;
always follow the guidelines above. For more information on address assignment,
please refer to RFC 1597, “Address Allocation for Private Internets” and RFC 1466,
“Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space”.
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Routing
8.1 Overview
The Device usually uses the default gateway to route outbound traffic from computers on the LAN
to the Internet. To have the Device send data to devices not reachable through the default gateway,
use static routes.
For example, the next figure shows a computer (A) connected to the Device’s LAN interface. The
Device routes most traffic from A to the Internet through the Device’s default gateway (R1). You
create one static route to connect to services offered by your ISP behind router R2. You create
another static route to communicate with a separate network behind a router R3 connected to the
LAN.
Figure 65 Example of Routing Topology
R1
LAN
WAN
R3
R2
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8.2 The Routing Screen
Use this screen to view and configure the static route rules on the Device. Click Network Setting
> Routing > Static Route to open the following screen.
Figure 66 Network Setting > Routing > Static Route
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 39 Network Setting > Routing > Static Route
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Add new static
route
Click this to configure a new static route.
This is the index number of the entry.
Status
This field displays whether the static route is active or not. A yellow bulb signifies that this
route is active. A gray bulb signifies that this route is not active.
Name
This is the name that describes or identifies this route.
Destination IP
This parameter specifies the IP network address of the final destination. Routing is always
based on network number.
Subnet Mask
This parameter specifies the IP network subnet mask of the final destination.
Gateway
This is the IP address of the gateway. The gateway is a router or switch on the same
network segment as the device's LAN or WAN port. The gateway helps forward packets to
their destinations.
Interface
This is the WAN interface used for this static route.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to edit the static route on the Device.
Click the Delete icon to remove a static route from the Device. A window displays asking
you to confirm that you want to delete the route.
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8.2.1 Add/Edit Static Route
Use this screen to add or edit a static route. Click Add new static route in the Routing screen or
the Edit icon next to the static route you want to edit. The screen shown next appears.
Figure 67 Routing: Add/Edit
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 40 Routing: Add/Edit
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Active
This field allows you to activate/deactivate this static route.
Select this to enable the static route. Clear this to disable this static route without having to
delete the entry.
Route Name
Enter a descriptive name for the static route.
IP Type
Select whether your IP type is IPv4 or IPv6.
Destination IP
Address
Enter the IPv4 or IPv6 network address of the final destination.
IP Subnet Mask
If you are using IPv4 and need to specify a route to a single host, use a subnet mask of
255.255.255.255 in the subnet mask field to force the network number to be identical to
the host ID. Enter the IP subnet mask here.
Use Gateway IP
Address
The gateway is a router or switch on the same network segment as the device's LAN or WAN
port. The gateway helps forward packets to their destinations.
If you want to use the gateway IP address, select Enable.
Gateway IP
Address
Enter the IP address of the gateway.
Use Interface
Select the WAN interface you want to use for this static route.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
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8.3 The DNS Route Screen
Use this screen to view and configure DNS routes on the Device. Click Network Setting >
Routing > DNS Route to open the following screen.
Figure 68 Network Setting > Routing > DNS Route
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 41 Network Setting > Routing > DNS Route
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Add new DNS
Route
Click this to add a new DNS route.
This is the index number of a DNS route.
Domain Name
This is the host name or domain name of the DNS route entry.
Interface
This is the WAN connection through which the Device forwards DNS requests for this domain
name.
Subnet Mask
This is the subnet mask of the DNS route entry.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to modify the DNS route.
Click the Delete icon to delete the DNS route.
8.3.1 The DNS Route Add Screen
You can manually add the Device’s DNS route entry. Click Add new DNS Route in the Network
Setting > Routing > DNS Route screen. The screen shown next appears.
Figure 69 DNS Route Add
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 42 DNS Route Add
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Domain Name
Enter the domain name of the DNS route entry.
Interface
Select the WAN connection through which the Device forwards DNS requests for this domain
name.
Subnet Mask
Enter the subnet mask of the DNS route entry.
OK
Click this to save your changes.
Cancel
Click this to exit this screen without saving any changes.
8.4 The Policy Forwarding Screen
Traditionally, routing is based on the destination address only and the Device takes the shortest
path to forward a packet. Policy forwarding allows the Device to override the default routing
behavior and alter the packet forwarding based on the policy defined by the network administrator.
Policy-based routing is applied to outgoing packets, prior to the normal routing.
You can use source-based policy forwarding to direct traffic from different users through different
connections or distribute traffic among multiple paths for load sharing.
The Policy Forwarding screen let you view and configure routing policies on the Device. Click
Network Setting > Routing > Policy Forwarding to open the following screen.
Figure 70 Network Setting > Routing > Policy Forwarding
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 43 Network Setting > Routing >Policy Forwarding
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Add new Policy
Forward Rule
Click this to create a new policy forwarding rule.
This is the index number of the entry.
Policy Name
This is the name of the rule.
Source IP
This is the source IP address.
Source Subnet
Mask
his is the source subnet mask address.
Protocol
This is the transport layer protocol.
Source Port
This is the source port number.
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Table 43 Network Setting > Routing >Policy Forwarding (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
WAN
This is the WAN interface through which the traffic is routed.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to edit this policy.
Click the Delete icon to remove a policy from the Device. A window displays asking you to
confirm that you want to delete the policy.
8.4.1 Add/Edit Policy Forwarding
Click Add new Policy Forward Rule in the Policy Forwarding screen or click the Edit icon next
to a policy. Use this screen to configure the required information for a policy route.
Figure 71 Policy Forwarding: Add/Edit
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 44 Policy Forwarding: Add/Edit
134
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Policy Name
Enter a descriptive name of up to 8 printable English keyboard characters, not including
spaces.
Source IP
Enter the source IP address.
Source Subnet
Mask
Enter the source subnet mask address.
Protocol
Select the transport layer protocol (TCP or UDP).
Source Port
Enter the source port number.
Source MAC
Enter the source MAC address.
WAN
Select a WAN interface through which the traffic is sent. You must have the WAN
interface(s) already configured in the Broadband screens.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
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8.5 RIP
Routing Information Protocol (RIP, RFC 1058 and RFC 1389) allows a device to exchange routing
information with other routers.
8.5.1 The RIP Screen
Click Network Setting > Routing > RIP to open the RIP screen.
Figure 72 RIP
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 45 RIP
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
This is the index of the interface in which the RIP setting is used.
Interface
This is the name of the interface in which the RIP setting is used.
Version
The RIP version controls the format and the broadcasting method of the RIP
packets that the Device sends (it recognizes both formats when receiving). RIP
version 1 is universally supported but RIP version 2 carries more information. RIP
version 1 is probably adequate for most networks, unless you have an unusual
network topology.
Operation
Select Passive to have the Device update the routing table based on the RIP
packets received from neighbors but not advertise its route information to other
routers in this interface.
Select Active to have the Device advertise its route information and also listen for
routing updates from neighboring routers.
Enabled
Select the check box to activate the settings.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the Device.
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Quality of Service (QoS)
9.1 Overview
Quality of Service (QoS) refers to both a network’s ability to deliver data with minimum delay, and
the networking methods used to control the use of bandwidth. Without QoS, all traffic data is
equally likely to be dropped when the network is congested. This can cause a reduction in network
performance and make the network inadequate for time-critical application such as video-ondemand.
Configure QoS on the Device to group and prioritize application traffic and fine-tune network
performance. Setting up QoS involves these steps:
Configure classifiers to sort traffic into different flows.
Assign priority and define actions to be performed for a classified traffic flow.
The Device assigns each packet a priority and then queues the packet accordingly. Packets assigned
a high priority are processed more quickly than those with low priority if there is congestion,
allowing time-sensitive applications to flow more smoothly. Time-sensitive applications include both
those that require a low level of latency (delay) and a low level of jitter (variations in delay) such as
Voice over IP (VoIP) or Internet gaming, and those for which jitter alone is a problem such as
Internet radio or streaming video.
This chapter contains information about configuring QoS and editing classifiers.
9.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
• The General screen lets you enable or disable QoS and set the upstream bandwidth (Section 9.3
on page 139).
• The Queue Setup screen lets you configure QoS queue assignment (Section 9.4 on page 140).
• The Class Setup screen lets you add, edit or delete QoS classifiers (Section 9.5 on page 142).
• The Policer Setup screen lets you add, edit or delete QoS policers (Section 9.5 on page 142).
9.2 What You Need to Know
The following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter.
QoS versus Cos
QoS is used to prioritize source-to-destination traffic flows. All packets in the same flow are given
the same priority. CoS (class of service) is a way of managing traffic in a network by grouping
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similar types of traffic together and treating each type as a class. You can use CoS to give different
priorities to different packet types.
CoS technologies include IEEE 802.1p layer 2 tagging and DiffServ (Differentiated Services or DS).
IEEE 802.1p tagging makes use of three bits in the packet header, while DiffServ is a new protocol
and defines a new DS field, which replaces the eight-bit ToS (Type of Service) field in the IP header.
Tagging and Marking
In a QoS class, you can configure whether to add or change the DSCP (DiffServ Code Point) value,
IEEE 802.1p priority level and VLAN ID number in a matched packet. When the packet passes
through a compatible network, the networking device, such as a backbone switch, can provide
specific treatment or service based on the tag or marker.
Traffic Shaping
Bursty traffic may cause network congestion. Traffic shaping regulates packets to be transmitted
with a pre-configured data transmission rate using buffers (or queues). Your Device uses the Token
Bucket algorithm to allow a certain amount of large bursts while keeping a limit at the average rate.
Traffic Rate
Traffic
Traffic
Traffic Rate
Time
Time
(After Traffic Shaping)
(Before Traffic Shaping)
Traffic Policing
Traffic policing is the limiting of the input or output transmission rate of a class of traffic on the
basis of user-defined criteria. Traffic policing methods measure traffic flows against user-defined
criteria and identify it as either conforming, exceeding or violating the criteria.
Traffic Rate
Traffic
Traffic
Traffic Rate
Time
(Before Traffic Policing)
Time
(After Traffic Policing)
The Device supports three incoming traffic metering algorithms: Token Bucket Filter (TBF), Single
Rate Two Color Maker (srTCM), and Two Rate Two Color Marker (trTCM). You can specify actions
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which are performed on the colored packets. See Section 9.8 on page 150 for more information on
each metering algorithm.
9.3 The Quality of Service General Screen
Click Network Setting > QoS > General to open the screen as shown next.
Use this screen to enable or disable QoS and set the upstream bandwidth. See Section 9.1 on page
137 for more information.
Figure 73 Network Settings > QoS > General
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 46 Network Setting > QoS > General
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
QoS
Select the Enable check box to turn on QoS to improve your network performance.
WAN Managed
Upstream
Bandwidth
Enter the amount of upstream bandwidth for the WAN interfaces that you want to allocate
using QoS.
The recommendation is to set this speed to match the interfaces’ actual transmission speed.
For example, set the WAN interfaces’ speed to 100000 kbps if your Internet connection has
an upstream transmission speed of 100 Mbps.
You can set this number higher than the interfaces’ actual transmission speed. The Device
uses up to 95% of the DSL port’s actual upstream transmission speed even if you set this
number higher than the DSL port’s actual transmission speed.
You can also set this number lower than the interfaces’ actual transmission speed. This will
cause the Device to not use some of the interfaces’ available bandwidth.
If you leave this field blank, the Device automatically sets this number to be 95% of the
WAN interfaces’ actual upstream transmission speed.
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Table 46 Network Setting > QoS > General (continued) (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
LAN Managed
Downstream
Bandwidth
Enter the amount of downstream bandwidth for the LAN interfaces (including WLAN) that
you want to allocate using QoS.
The recommendation is to set this speed to match the WAN interfaces’ actual transmission
speed. For example, set the LAN managed downstream bandwidth to 100000 kbps if you
use a 100 Mbps wired Ethernet WAN connection.
You can also set this number lower than the WAN interfaces’ actual transmission speed. This
will cause the Device to not use some of the interfaces’ available bandwidth.
If you leave this field blank, the Device automatically sets this to the LAN interfaces’
maximum supported connection speed.
Upstream
traffic priority
Assigned by
Select how the Device assigns priorities to various upstream traffic flows.
•
•
•
•
None: Disables auto priority mapping and has the Device put packets into the queues
according to your classification rules. Traffic which does not match any of the
classification rules is mapped into the default queue with the lowest priority.
Ethernet Priority: Automatically assign priority based on the IEEE 802.1p priority level.
IP Precedence: Automatically assign priority based on the first three bits of the TOS
field in the IP header.
Packet Length: Automatically assign priority based on the packet size. Smaller packets
get higher priority since control, signaling, VoIP, internet gaming, or other real-time
packets are usually small while larger packets are usually best effort data packets like
file transfers.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.
9.4 The Queue Setup Screen
Click Network Setting > QoS > Queue Setup to open the screen as shown next.
Use this screen to configure QoS queue assignment.
Figure 74 Network Setting > QoS > Queue Setup
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 47 Network Setting > QoS > Queue Setup
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Add new Queue
Click this button to create a new queue entry.
This is the index number of the entry.
Status
This field displays whether the queue is active or not. A yellow bulb signifies that this queue
is active. A gray bulb signifies that this queue is not active.
Name
This shows the descriptive name of this queue.
Interface
This shows the name of the Device’s interface through which traffic in this queue passes.
Priority
This shows the priority of this queue.
Weight
This shows the weight of this queue.
Buffer
Management
This shows the queue management algorithm used for this queue.
Rate Limit
This shows the maximum transmission rate allowed for traffic on this queue.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to edit the queue.
Queue management algorithms determine how the Device should handle packets when it
receives too many (network congestion).
Click the Delete icon to delete an existing queue. Note that subsequent rules move up by
one when you take this action.
9.4.1 Adding a QoS Queue
Click Add new Queue or the edit icon in the Queue Setup screen to configure a queue.
Figure 75 Queue Setup: Add
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 48 Queue Setup: Add
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Active
Select to enable or disable this queue.
Name
Enter the descriptive name of this queue.
Interface
Select the interface to which this queue is applied.
This field is read-only if you are editing the queue.
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Table 48 Queue Setup: Add (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Priority
Select the priority level (from 1 to 7) of this queue.
The smaller the number, the higher the priority level. Traffic assigned to higher priority
queues gets through faster while traffic in lower priority queues is dropped if the network is
congested.
Weight
Select the weight (from 1 to 8) of this queue.
If two queues have the same priority level, the Device divides the bandwidth across the
queues according to their weights. Queues with larger weights get more bandwidth than
queues with smaller weights.
Buffer
Management
This field displays Drop Tail (DT). Drop Tail (DT) is a simple queue management
algorithm that allows the Device buffer to accept as many packets as it can until it is full.
Once the buffer is full, new packets that arrive are dropped until there is space in the buffer
again (packets are transmitted out of it).
Rate Limit
Specify the maximum transmission rate (in Kbps) allowed for traffic on this queue.
OK
Click OK to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
9.5 The Class Setup Screen
Use this screen to add, edit or delete QoS classifiers. A classifier groups traffic into data flows
according to specific criteria such as the source address, destination address, source port number,
destination port number or incoming interface. For example, you can configure a classifier to select
traffic from the same protocol port (such as Telnet) to form a flow.
You can give different priorities to traffic that the Device forwards out through the WAN interface.
Give high priority to voice and video to make them run more smoothly. Similarly, give low priority
to many large file downloads so that they do not reduce the quality of other applications.
Click Network Setting > QoS > Class Setup to open the following screen.
Figure 76 Network Setting > QoS > Class Setup
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 49 Network Setting > QoS > Class Setup
142
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Add new Classifier
Click this to create a new classifier.
This is the index number of the entry.
Status
This field displays whether the classifier is active or not. A yellow bulb signifies that this
classifier is active. A gray bulb signifies that this classifier is not active.
Class Name
This is the name of the classifier.
Classification
Criteria
This shows criteria specified in this classifier, for example the interface from which
traffic of this class should come and the source MAC address of traffic that matches this
classifier.
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Table 49 Network Setting > QoS > Class Setup (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
DSCP Mark
This is the DSCP number added to traffic of this classifier.
802.1P Mark
This is the IEEE 802.1p priority level assigned to traffic of this classifier.
VLAN ID Tag
This is the VLAN ID number assigned to traffic of this classifier.
To Queue
This is the name of the queue in which traffic of this classifier is put.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to edit the classifier.
Click the Delete icon to delete an existing classifier. Note that subsequent rules move
up by one when you take this action.
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9.5.1 Add/Edit QoS Class
Click Add new Classifier in the Class Setup screen or the Edit icon next to a classifier to open
the following screen.
Figure 77 Class Setup: Add/Edit
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 50 Class Setup: Add/Edit
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Active
Select this to enable this classifier.
Class Name
Enter a descriptive name of up to 15 printable English keyboard characters, not including
spaces.
Classification
Order
Select an existing number for where you want to put this classifier to move the classifier to
the number you selected after clicking Apply.
Select Last to put this rule in the back of the classifier list.
From Interface
If you want to classify the traffic by an ingress interface, select an interface from the From
Interface drop-down list box.
Ether Type
Select a predefined application to configure a class for the matched traffic.
If you select IP, you also need to configure source or destination MAC address, IP address,
DHCP options, DSCP value or the protocol type.
If you select 802.1Q, you can configure an 802.1p priority level.
Source
Address
Select the check box and enter the source IP address in dotted decimal notation. A blank
source IP address means any source IP address.
Subnet
Netmask
Enter the source subnet mask.
Port Range
If you select TCP or UDP in the IP Protocol field, select the check box and enter the port
number(s) of the source.
MAC
Select the check box and enter the source MAC address of the packet.
MAC Mask
Type the mask for the specified MAC address to determine which bits a packet’s MAC
address should match.
Enter “f” for each bit of the specified source MAC address that the traffic’s MAC address
should match. Enter “0” for the bit(s) of the matched traffic’s MAC address, which can be of
any hexadecimal character(s). For example, if you set the MAC address to
00:13:49:00:00:00 and the mask to ff:ff:ff:00:00:00, a packet with a MAC address of
00:13:49:12:34:56 matches this criteria.
Exclude
Select this option to exclude the packets that match the specified criteria from this classifier.
Destination
Address
Select the check box and enter the source IP address in dotted decimal notation. A blank
source IP address means any source IP address.
Subnet
Netmask
Enter the source subnet mask.
Port Range
If you select TCP or UDP in the IP Protocol field, select the check box and enter the port
number(s) of the source.
MAC
Select the check box and enter the source MAC address of the packet.
MAC Mask
Type the mask for the specified MAC address to determine which bits a packet’s MAC
address should match.
Enter “f” for each bit of the specified source MAC address that the traffic’s MAC address
should match. Enter “0” for the bit(s) of the matched traffic’s MAC address, which can be of
any hexadecimal character(s). For example, if you set the MAC address to
00:13:49:00:00:00 and the mask to ff:ff:ff:00:00:00, a packet with a MAC address of
00:13:49:12:34:56 matches this criteria.
Exclude
Select this option to exclude the packets that match the specified criteria from this classifier.
Others
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Table 50 Class Setup: Add/Edit (continued)
LABEL
Service
DESCRIPTION
This field is available only when you select IP in the Ether Type field.
This field simplifies classifier configuration by allowing you to select a predefined
application. When you select a predefined application, you do not configure the rest of the
filter fields.
IP Protocol
This field is available only when you select IP in the Ether Type field.
Select this option and select the protocol (service type) from TCP, UDP, ICMP or IGMP. If
you select User defined, enter the protocol (service type) number.
DHCP
This field is available only when you select IP in the Ether Type field.
Select this option and select a DHCP option.
If you select Vendor Class ID (DHCP Option 60), enter the Vendor Class Identifier
(Option 60) of the matched traffic, such as the type of the hardware or firmware.
If you select User Class ID (DHCP Option 77), enter a string that identifies the user’s
category or application type in the matched DHCP packets.
Packet
Length
This field is available only when you select IP in the Ether Type field.
DSCP
This field is available only when you select IP in the Ether Type field.
Select this option and enter the minimum and maximum packet length (from 46 to 1500) in
the fields provided.
Select this option and specify a DSCP (DiffServ Code Point) number between 0 and 63 in the
field provided.
802.1P
This field is available only when you select 802.1Q in the Ether Type field.
Select this option and select a priority level (between 0 and 7) from the drop-down list box.
"0" is the lowest priority level and "7" is the highest.
VLAN ID
This field is available only when you select 802.1Q in the Ether Type field.
Select this option and specify a VLAN ID number.
TCP ACK
This field is available only when you select IP in the Ether Type field.
If you select this option, the matched TCP packets must contain the ACK (Acknowledge)
flag.
Exclude
DSCP Mark
Select this option to exclude the packets that match the specified criteria from this classifier.
This field is available only when you select IP in the Ether Type field.
If you select Mark, enter a DSCP value with which the Device replaces the DSCP field in the
packets.
If you select Unchange, the Device keep the DSCP field in the packets.
802.1P Mark
Select a priority level with which the Device replaces the IEEE 802.1p priority field in the
packets.
If you select Unchange, the Device keep the 802.1p priority field in the packets.
VLAN ID
If you select Remark, enter a VLAN ID number with which the Device replaces the VLAN ID
of the frames.
If you select Remove, the Device deletes the VLAN ID of the frames before forwarding
them out.
If you select Add, the Device treat all matched traffic untagged and add a second VLAN ID.
If you select Unchange, the Device keep the VLAN ID in the packets.
Forward to
Interface
146
Select a WAN interface through which traffic of this class will be forwarded out. If you select
Unchange, the Device forward traffic of this class according to the default routing table.
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Table 50 Class Setup: Add/Edit (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
To Queue Index
Select a queue that applies to this class.
You should have configured a queue in the Queue Setup screen already.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
9.6 The QoS Policer Setup Screen
Use this screen to configure QoS policers that allow you to limit the transmission rate of incoming
traffic. Click Network Setting > QoS > Policer Setup. The screen appears as shown.
Figure 78 Network Setting > QoS > Policer Setup
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 51 Network Setting > QoS > Policer Setup
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Add new Policer
Click this to create a new entry.
This is the index number of the entry.
Status
This field displays whether the policer is active or not. A yellow bulb signifies that this
policer is active. A gray bulb signifies that this policer is not active.
Name
This field displays the descriptive name of this policer.
Regulated
Classes
This field displays the name of a QoS classifier
Meter Type
This field displays the type of QoS metering algorithm used in this policer.
Rule
These are the rates and burst sizes against which the policer checks the traffic of the
member QoS classes.
Action
This shows the how the policer has the Device treat different types of traffic belonging to
the policer’s member QoS classes.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to edit the policer.
Click the Delete icon to delete an existing policer. Note that subsequent rules move up by
one when you take this action.
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9.6.1 Add/Edit a QoS Policer
Click Add new Policer in the Policer Setup screen or the Edit icon next to a policer to show the
following screen.
Figure 79 Policer Setup: Add/Edit
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 52 Policer Setup: Add/Edit
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Active
Select the check box to activate this policer.
Name
Enter the descriptive name of this policer.
Meter Type
This shows the traffic metering algorithm used in this policer.
The Simple Token Bucket algorithm uses tokens in a bucket to control when traffic can be
transmitted. Each token represents one byte. The algorithm allows bursts of up to b bytes
which is also the bucket size.
The Single Rate Three Color Marker (srTCM) is based on the token bucket filter and
identifies packets by comparing them to the Committed Information Rate (CIR), the
Committed Burst Size (CBS) and the Excess Burst Size (EBS).
The Two Rate Three Color Marker (trTCM) is based on the token bucket filter and
identifies packets by comparing them to the Committed Information Rate (CIR) and the
Peak Information Rate (PIR).
Committed
Rate
Specify the committed rate. When the incoming traffic rate of the member QoS classes is
less than the committed rate, the device applies the conforming action to the traffic.
Committed
Burst Size
Specify the committed burst size for packet bursts. This must be equal to or less than the
peak burst size (two rate three color) or excess burst size (single rate three color) if it is also
configured.
This is the maximum size of the (first) token bucket in a traffic metering algorithm.
Conforming
Action
Specify what the Device does for packets within the committed rate and burst size (greenmarked packets).
•
•
NonConforming
Action
148
Pass: Send the packets without modification.
DSCP Mark: Change the DSCP mark value of the packets. Enter the DSCP mark value to
use.
Specify what the Device does for packets that exceed the excess burst size or peak rate and
burst size (red-marked packets).
•
•
Drop: Discard the packets.
DSCP Mark: Change the DSCP mark value of the packets. Enter the DSCP mark value to
use. The packets may be dropped if there is congestion on the network.
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Table 52 Policer Setup: Add/Edit
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Available Class
Select a QoS classifier to apply this QoS policer to traffic that matches the QoS classifier.
Selected Class
Highlight a QoS classifier in the Available Class box and use the > button to move it to the
Selected Class box.
To remove a QoS classifier from the Selected Class box, select it and use the < button.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
9.7 The QoS Monitor Screen
This screen is available only when you set a rate limit for a WAN queue in the Queue Setup screen
and the WAN interface is connected. Use this screen to monitor the traffic statistics for both the
WAN and LAN interfaces. To view the Device’s QoS packet statistics, click Network Setting > QoS
> Monitor. The screen appears as shown.
Figure 80 Network Setting > QoS > Monitor
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 53 Network Setting > QoS > Monitor
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Refresh Interval
Enter how often you want the Device to update this screen. Select No Refresh
to stop refreshing statistics.
Interface Monitor
This is the index number of the entry.
Name
This shows the name of the interface on the Device.
Pass Rate
This shows how many packets forwarded to this interface are transmitted
successfully.
Drop Rate
This shows how many packets forwarded to this interface are dropped.
Queue Monitor
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Table 53 Network Setting > QoS > Monitor (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Name
This shows the name of the queue.
Pass Rate
This shows how many packets assigned to this queue are transmitted
successfully.
Drop Rate
This shows how many packets assigned to this queue are dropped.
9.8 Technical Reference
The following section contains additional technical information about the Device features described
in this chapter.
IEEE 802.1Q Tag
The IEEE 802.1Q standard defines an explicit VLAN tag in the MAC header to identify the VLAN
membership of a frame across bridges. A VLAN tag includes the 12-bit VLAN ID and 3-bit user
priority. The VLAN ID associates a frame with a specific VLAN and provides the information that
devices need to process the frame across the network.
IEEE 802.1p specifies the user priority field and defines up to eight separate traffic types. The
following table describes the traffic types defined in the IEEE 802.1d standard (which incorporates
the 802.1p).
Table 54 IEEE 802.1p Priority Level and Traffic Type
PRIORITY
LEVEL
TRAFFIC TYPE
Level 7
Typically used for network control traffic such as router configuration messages.
Level 6
Typically used for voice traffic that is especially sensitive to jitter (jitter is the
variations in delay).
Level 5
Typically used for video that consumes high bandwidth and is sensitive to jitter.
Level 4
Typically used for controlled load, latency-sensitive traffic such as SNA (Systems
Network Architecture) transactions.
Level 3
Typically used for “excellent effort” or better than best effort and would include
important business traffic that can tolerate some delay.
Level 2
This is for “spare bandwidth”.
Level 1
This is typically used for non-critical “background” traffic such as bulk transfers that
are allowed but that should not affect other applications and users.
Level 0
Typically used for best-effort traffic.
DiffServ
QoS is used to prioritize source-to-destination traffic flows. All packets in the flow are given the
same priority. You can use CoS (class of service) to give different priorities to different packet
types.
DiffServ (Differentiated Services) is a class of service (CoS) model that marks packets so that they
receive specific per-hop treatment at DiffServ-compliant network devices along the route based on
the application types and traffic flow. Packets are marked with DiffServ Code Points (DSCPs)
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indicating the level of service desired. This allows the intermediary DiffServ-compliant network
devices to handle the packets differently depending on the code points without the need to
negotiate paths or remember state information for every flow. In addition, applications do not have
to request a particular service or give advanced notice of where the traffic is going.
DSCP and Per-Hop Behavior
DiffServ defines a new Differentiated Services (DS) field to replace the Type of Service (TOS) field
in the IP header. The DS field contains a 2-bit unused field and a 6-bit DSCP field which can define
up to 64 service levels. The following figure illustrates the DS field.
DSCP is backward compatible with the three precedence bits in the ToS octet so that non-DiffServ
compliant, ToS-enabled network device will not conflict with the DSCP mapping.
DSCP (6 bits)
Unused (2 bits)
The DSCP value determines the forwarding behavior, the PHB (Per-Hop Behavior), that each packet
gets across the DiffServ network. Based on the marking rule, different kinds of traffic can be
marked for different kinds of forwarding. Resources can then be allocated according to the DSCP
values and the configured policies.
IP Precedence
Similar to IEEE 802.1p prioritization at layer-2, you can use IP precedence to prioritize packets in a
layer-3 network. IP precedence uses three bits of the eight-bit ToS (Type of Service) field in the IP
header. There are eight classes of services (ranging from zero to seven) in IP precedence. Zero is
the lowest priority level and seven is the highest.
Automatic Priority Queue Assignment
If you enable QoS on the Device, the Device can automatically base on the IEEE 802.1p priority
level, IP precedence and/or packet length to assign priority to traffic which does not match a class.
The following table shows you the internal layer-2 and layer-3 QoS mapping on the Device. On the
Device, traffic assigned to higher priority queues gets through faster while traffic in lower index
queues is dropped if the network is congested.
Table 55 Internal Layer2 and Layer3 QoS Mapping
LAYER 2
LAYER 3
PRIORITY
QUEUE
IEEE 802.1P USER
PRIORITY
(ETHERNET
PRIORITY)
TOS (IP
PRECEDENCE)
DSCP
000000
000000
>1100
001110
250~1100
IP PACKET
LENGTH (BYTE)
001100
001010
001000
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Table 55 Internal Layer2 and Layer3 QoS Mapping
LAYER 2
LAYER 3
PRIORITY
QUEUE
IEEE 802.1P USER
PRIORITY
(ETHERNET
PRIORITY)
TOS (IP
PRECEDENCE)
DSCP
010110
IP PACKET
LENGTH (BYTE)
010100
010010
010000
011110
<250
011100
011010
011000
100110
100100
100010
100000
101110
101000
110000
111000
Token Bucket
The token bucket algorithm uses tokens in a bucket to control when traffic can be transmitted. The
bucket stores tokens, each of which represents one byte. The algorithm allows bursts of up to b
bytes which is also the bucket size, so the bucket can hold up to b tokens. Tokens are generated
and added into the bucket at a constant rate. The following shows how tokens work with packets:
• A packet can be transmitted if the number of tokens in the bucket is equal to or greater than the
size of the packet (in bytes).
• After a packet is transmitted, a number of tokens corresponding to the packet size is removed
from the bucket.
• If there are no tokens in the bucket, the Device stops transmitting until enough tokens are
generated.
• If not enough tokens are available, the Device treats the packet in either one of the following
ways:
In traffic shaping:
• Holds it in the queue until enough tokens are available in the bucket.
In traffic policing:
• Drops it.
• Transmits it but adds a DSCP mark. The Device may drop these marked packets if the network
is overloaded.
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Configure the bucket size to be equal to or less than the amount of the bandwidth that the interface
can support. It does not help if you set it to a bucket size over the interface’s capability. The smaller
the bucket size, the lower the data transmission rate and that may cause outgoing packets to be
dropped. A larger transmission rate requires a big bucket size. For example, use a bucket size of 10
kbytes to get the transmission rate up to 10 Mbps.
Single Rate Three Color Marker
The Single Rate Three Color Marker (srTCM, defined in RFC 2697) is a type of traffic policing that
identifies packets by comparing them to one user-defined rate, the Committed Information Rate
(CIR), and two burst sizes: the Committed Burst Size (CBS) and Excess Burst Size (EBS).
The srTCM evaluates incoming packets and marks them with one of three colors which refer to
packet loss priority levels. High packet loss priority level is referred to as red, medium is referred to
as yellow and low is referred to as green.
The srTCM is based on the token bucket filter and has two token buckets (CBS and EBS). Tokens
are generated and added into the bucket at a constant rate, called Committed Information Rate
(CIR). When the first bucket (CBS) is full, new tokens overflow into the second bucket (EBS).
All packets are evaluated against the CBS. If a packet does not exceed the CBS it is marked green.
Otherwise it is evaluated against the EBS. If it is below the EBS then it is marked yellow. If it
exceeds the EBS then it is marked red.
The following shows how tokens work with incoming packets in srTCM:
• A packet arrives. The packet is marked green and can be transmitted if the number of tokens in
the CBS bucket is equal to or greater than the size of the packet (in bytes).
• After a packet is transmitted, a number of tokens corresponding to the packet size is removed
from the CBS bucket.
• If there are not enough tokens in the CBS bucket, the Device checks the EBS bucket. The packet
is marked yellow if there are sufficient tokens in the EBS bucket. Otherwise, the packet is marked
red. No tokens are removed if the packet is dropped.
Two Rate Three Color Marker
The Two Rate Three Color Marker (trTCM, defined in RFC 2698) is a type of traffic policing that
identifies packets by comparing them to two user-defined rates: the Committed Information Rate
(CIR) and the Peak Information Rate (PIR). The CIR specifies the average rate at which packets are
admitted to the network. The PIR is greater than or equal to the CIR. CIR and PIR values are based
on the guaranteed and maximum bandwidth respectively as negotiated between a service provider
and client.
The trTCM evaluates incoming packets and marks them with one of three colors which refer to
packet loss priority levels. High packet loss priority level is referred to as red, medium is referred to
as yellow and low is referred to as green.
The trTCM is based on the token bucket filter and has two token buckets (Committed Burst Size
(CBS) and Peak Burst Size (PBS)). Tokens are generated and added into the two buckets at the CIR
and PIR respectively.
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All packets are evaluated against the PIR. If a packet exceeds the PIR it is marked red. Otherwise it
is evaluated against the CIR. If it exceeds the CIR then it is marked yellow. Finally, if it is below the
CIR then it is marked green.
The following shows how tokens work with incoming packets in trTCM:
• A packet arrives. If the number of tokens in the PBS bucket is less than the size of the packet (in
bytes), the packet is marked red and may be dropped regardless of the CBS bucket. No tokens
are removed if the packet is dropped.
• If the PBS bucket has enough tokens, the Device checks the CBS bucket. The packet is marked
green and can be transmitted if the number of tokens in the CBS bucket is equal to or greater
than the size of the packet (in bytes). Otherwise, the packet is marked yellow.
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10
Network Address Translation (NAT)
10.1 Overview
This chapter discusses how to configure NAT on the Device. NAT (Network Address Translation NAT, RFC 1631) is the translation of the IP address of a host in a packet, for example, the source
address of an outgoing packet, used within one network to a different IP address known within
another network.
10.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
• Use the Port Forwarding screen to configure forward incoming service requests to the server(s)
on your local network (Section 10.2 on page 156).
• Use the Applications screen to forward incoming service requests to the server(s) on your local
network (Section 10.3 on page 159).
• Use the Port Triggering screen to add and configure the Device’s trigger port settings (Section
10.4 on page 161).
• Use the DMZ screen to configure a default server (Section 10.5 on page 164).
• Use the ALG screen to enable and disable the NAT and SIP (VoIP) ALG in the Device (Section
10.6 on page 164).
• Use the Address Mapping screen to configure the Device's address mapping settings (Section
10.7 on page 165).
• Use the Sessions screen to configure the Device's maximum number of NAT sessions (Section
10.7 on page 165).
10.1.2 What You Need To Know
Inside/Outside
Inside/outside denotes where a host is located relative to the Device, for example, the computers
of your subscribers are the inside hosts, while the web servers on the Internet are the outside
hosts.
Global/Local
Global/local denotes the IP address of a host in a packet as the packet traverses a router, for
example, the local address refers to the IP address of a host when the packet is in the local
network, while the global address refers to the IP address of the host when the same packet is
traveling in the WAN side.
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NAT
In the simplest form, NAT changes the source IP address in a packet received from a subscriber
(the inside local address) to another (the inside global address) before forwarding the packet to the
WAN side. When the response comes back, NAT translates the destination address (the inside
global address) back to the inside local address before forwarding it to the original inside host.
Port Forwarding
A port forwarding set is a list of inside (behind NAT on the LAN) servers, for example, web or FTP,
that you can make visible to the outside world even though NAT makes your whole inside network
appear as a single computer to the outside world.
Finding Out More
See Section 10.10 on page 168 for advanced technical information on NAT.
10.2 The Port Forwarding Screen
Use the Port Forwarding screen to forward incoming service requests to the server(s) on your
local network.
You may enter a single port number or a range of port numbers to be forwarded, and the local IP
address of the desired server. The port number identifies a service; for example, web service is on
port 80 and FTP on port 21. In some cases, such as for unknown services or where one server can
support more than one service (for example both FTP and web service), it might be better to
specify a range of port numbers. You can allocate a server IP address that corresponds to a port or
a range of ports.
The most often used port numbers and services are shown in Appendix F on page 389. Please refer
to RFC 1700 for further information about port numbers.
Note: Many residential broadband ISP accounts do not allow you to run any server
processes (such as a Web or FTP server) from your location. Your ISP may
periodically check for servers and may suspend your account if it discovers any
active services at your location. If you are unsure, refer to your ISP.
Configuring Servers Behind Port Forwarding (Example)
Let's say you want to assign ports 21-25 to one FTP, Telnet and SMTP server (A in the example),
port 80 to another (B in the example) and assign a default server IP address of 192.168.1.35 to a
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third (C in the example). You assign the LAN IP addresses and the ISP assigns the WAN IP address.
The NAT network appears as a single host on the Internet.
Figure 81 Multiple Servers Behind NAT Example
A=192.168.1.33
LAN
WAN
B=192.168.1.34
192.168.1.1
IP Address assigned by ISP
C=192.168.1.3
D=192.168.1.36
Click Network Setting > NAT > Port Forwarding to open the following screen.
See Appendix F on page 389 for port numbers commonly used for particular services.
Figure 82 Network Setting > NAT > Port Forwarding
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 56 Network Setting > NAT > Port Forwarding
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Add
Click this to add a new rule.
This is the index number of the entry.
Status
This field displays whether the NAT rule is active or not. A yellow bulb signifies that this rule
is active. A gray bulb signifies that this rule is not active. Click the bulb to enable/disable
this rule.
Service Name
This shows the service’s name.
WAN Interface
This shows the WAN interface through which the service is forwarded.
WAN IP
This field displays the incoming packet’s destination IP address.
Server IP
Address
This is the server’s IP address to which the service is forwarded.
Start Port
This is the first external port number that identifies a service.
End Port
This is the last external port number that identifies a service.
Translation
Start Port
This is the first internal port number that identifies a service.
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Table 56 Network Setting > NAT > Port Forwarding (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Translation End
Port
This is the last internal port number that identifies a service.
Protocol
This shows the IP protocol supported by this virtual server, whether it is TCP, UDP, or TCP/
UDP.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to edit this rule.
Click the Delete icon to delete an existing rule.
10.2.1 Add/Edit Port Forwarding
Click Add new rule in the Port Forwarding screen or click the Edit icon next to an existing rule to
open the following screen.
Figure 83 Port Forwarding: Add/Edit
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 57 Port Forwarding: Add/Edit
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Active
Clear the checkbox to disable the rule. Select the check box to enable it.
Service Name
Enter a name to identify this rule using keyboard characters (A-Z, a-z, 1-2 and so on).
WAN Interface
Select the WAN interface through which the service is forwarded.
You must have already configured a WAN connection with NAT enabled.
WAN IP
158
Enter the WAN IP address for which the incoming service is destined. If the packet’s
destination IP address doesn’t match the one specified here, the port forwarding rule will
not be applied.
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Table 57 Port Forwarding: Add/Edit (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Start Port
Enter the original destination port for the packets.
To forward only one port, enter the port number again in the End Port field.
To forward a series of ports, enter the start port number here and the end port number in
the End Port field.
End Port
Enter the last port of the original destination port range.
To forward only one port, enter the port number in the Start Port field above and then
enter it again in this field.
To forward a series of ports, enter the last port number in a series that begins with the port
number in the Start Port field above.
Translation
Start Port
This shows the port number to which you want the Device to translate the incoming port.
For a range of ports, enter the first number of the range to which you want the incoming
ports translated.
Translation End
Port
This shows the last port of the translated port range.
Server IP
Address
Enter the inside IP address of the virtual server here.
Protocol
Select the protocol supported by this virtual server. Choices are TCP, UDP, or TCP/UDP.
Wake up this
target by Wake
On Lan(WOL)
Select this and enter the MAC address of a LAN device if you want to turn the device on
remotely from the Internet or the WAN network using this port forwarding rule.
MAC address of
WOL device
Enter the MAC address of the LAN device. A MAC address consists of six hexadecimal
character pairs.
OK
Click OK to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
10.3 The Applications Screen
This screen provides a summary of all NAT applications and their configuration. In addition, this
screen allows you to create new applications and/or remove existing ones.
To access this screen, click Network Setting > NAT > Applications. The following screen
appears.
Figure 84 Network Setting > NAT > Applications
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 58 Network Setting > NAT > Applications
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Add new
application
Click this to add a new NAT application rule.
Application
Forwarded
This field shows the type of application that the service forwards.
WAN Interface
This field shows the WAN interface through which the service is forwarded.
Server IP
Address
This field displays the destination IP address for the service.
Modify
Click the Delete icon to delete the rule.
10.3.1 Add New Application
This screen lets you create new NAT application rules. Click Add new application in the
Applications screen to open the following screen.
Figure 85 Applications: Add
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 59 Applications: Add
160
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
WAN Interface
Select the WAN interface that you want to apply this NAT rule to.
Server IP
Address
Enter the inside IP address of the application here.
Application
Category
Select the category of the application from the drop-down list box.
Application
Forwarded
Select a service from the drop-down list box and the Device automatically configures the
protocol, start, end, and map port number that define the service.
View Rule
Click this to display the configuration of the service that you have chosen in Application
Fowarded.
OK
Click OK to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
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10.4 The Port Triggering Screen
Some services use a dedicated range of ports on the client side and a dedicated range of ports on
the server side. With regular port forwarding you set a forwarding port in NAT to forward a service
(coming in from the server on the WAN) to the IP address of a computer on the client side (LAN).
The problem is that port forwarding only forwards a service to a single LAN IP address. In order to
use the same service on a different LAN computer, you have to manually replace the LAN
computer's IP address in the forwarding port with another LAN computer's IP address.
Trigger port forwarding solves this problem by allowing computers on the LAN to dynamically take
turns using the service. The Device records the IP address of a LAN computer that sends traffic to
the WAN to request a service with a specific port number and protocol (a "trigger" port). When the
Device's WAN port receives a response with a specific port number and protocol ("open" port), the
Device forwards the traffic to the LAN IP address of the computer that sent the request. After that
computer’s connection for that service closes, another computer on the LAN can use the service in
the same manner. This way you do not need to configure a new IP address each time you want a
different LAN computer to use the application.
For example:
Figure 86 Trigger Port Forwarding Process: Example
Jane requests a file from the Real Audio server (port 7070).
Port 7070 is a “trigger” port and causes the Device to record Jane’s computer IP address. The
Device associates Jane's computer IP address with the "open" port range of 6970-7170.
The Real Audio server responds using a port number ranging between 6970-7170.
The Device forwards the traffic to Jane’s computer IP address.
Only Jane can connect to the Real Audio server until the connection is closed or times out. The
Device times out in three minutes with UDP (User Datagram Protocol) or two hours with TCP/IP
(Transfer Control Protocol/Internet Protocol).
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Click Network Setting > NAT > Port Triggering to open the following screen. Use this screen to
view your Device’s trigger port settings.
Figure 87 Network Setting > NAT > Port Triggering
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 60 Network Setting > NAT > Port Triggering
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Add
Click this to create a new rule.
This is the index number of the entry.
Status
This field displays whether the port triggering rule is active or not. A yellow bulb signifies
that this rule is active. A gray bulb signifies that this rule is not active.
Service Name
This field displays the name of the service used by this rule.
WAN Interface
This field shows the WAN interface through which the service is forwarded.
Trigger Start
Port
The trigger port is a port (or a range of ports) that causes (or triggers) the Device to record
the IP address of the LAN computer that sent the traffic to a server on the WAN.
This is the first port number that identifies a service.
Trigger End
Port
This is the last port number that identifies a service.
Trigger Proto.
This is the trigger transport layer protocol.
Open Start Port
The open port is a port (or a range of ports) that a server on the WAN uses when it sends
out a particular service. The Device forwards the traffic with this port (or range of ports) to
the client computer on the LAN that requested the service.
This is the first port number that identifies a service.
Open End Port
This is the last port number that identifies a service.
Open Proto.
This is the open transport layer protocol.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to edit this rule.
Click the Delete icon to delete an existing rule.
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10.4.1 Add/Edit Port Triggering Rule
This screen lets you create new port triggering rules. Click Add new rule in the Port Triggering
screen or click a rule’s Edit icon to open the following screen.
Figure 88 Port Triggering: Add/Edit
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 61 Port Triggering: Configuration Add/Edit
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Active
Select the check box to enable this rule.
Service Name
Enter a name to identify this rule using keyboard characters (A-Z, a-z, 1-2 and so on).
WAN Interface
Select a WAN interface for which you want to configure port triggering rules.
Trigger Start
Port
The trigger port is a port (or a range of ports) that causes (or triggers) the Device to record
the IP address of the LAN computer that sent the traffic to a server on the WAN.
Type a port number or the starting port number in a range of port numbers.
Trigger End
Port
Type a port number or the ending port number in a range of port numbers.
Trigger Protocol
Select the transport layer protocol from TCP, UDP, or TCP/UDP.
Open Start Port
The open port is a port (or a range of ports) that a server on the WAN uses when it sends
out a particular service. The Device forwards the traffic with this port (or range of ports) to
the client computer on the LAN that requested the service.
Type a port number or the starting port number in a range of port numbers.
Open End Port
Type a port number or the ending port number in a range of port numbers.
Open Protocol
Select the transport layer protocol from TCP, UDP, or TCP/UDP.
OK
Click OK to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
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10.5 The DMZ Screen
In addition to the servers for specified services, NAT supports a default server IP address. A default
server receives packets from ports that are not specified in the NAT Port Forwarding Setup
screen.
Figure 89 Network Setting > NAT > DMZ
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 62 Network Setting > NAT > DMZ
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Default Server
Address
Enter the IP address of the default server which receives packets from ports that are not
specified in the NAT Port Forwarding screen.
Note: If you do not assign a Default Server Address, the Device discards all packets
received for ports that are not specified in the NAT Port Forwarding screen.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.
10.6 The ALG Screen
Some NAT routers may include a SIP Application Layer Gateway (ALG). A SIP ALG allows SIP calls
to pass through NAT by examining and translating IP addresses embedded in the data stream.
When the Device registers with the SIP register server, the SIP ALG translates the Device’s private
IP address inside the SIP data stream to a public IP address. You do not need to use STUN or an
outbound proxy if your Device is behind a SIP ALG.
Use this screen to enable and disable the NAT and SIP (VoIP) ALG in the Device. To access this
screen, click Network Setting > NAT > ALG.
Figure 90 Network Setting > NAT > ALG
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The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 63 Network Setting > NAT > ALG
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
NAT ALG
Enable this to make sure applications such as FTP and file transfer in IM applications work
correctly with port-forwarding and address-mapping rules.
SIP ALG
Enable this to make sure SIP (VoIP) works correctly with port-forwarding and addressmapping rules.
RTSP ALG
Enable this to have the Device detect RTSP traffic and help build RTSP sessions through its
NAT. The Real Time Streaming (media control) Protocol (RTSP) is a remote control for
multimedia on the Internet.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.
10.7 The Address Mapping Screen
Ordering your rules is important because the Device applies the rules in the order that you specify.
When a rule matches the current packet, the Device takes the corresponding action and the
remaining rules are ignored.
Click Network Setting > NAT > Address Mapping to display the following screen.
Figure 91 Network Setting > NAT > Address Mapping
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 64 Network Setting > NAT > Address Mapping
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Add new rule
Click this to create a new rule.
Set
This is the index number of the address mapping set.
Local Start IP
This is the starting Inside Local IP Address (ILA).
Local End IP
This is the ending Inside Local IP Address (ILA). If the rule is for all local IP addresses, then
this field displays 0.0.0.0 as the Local Start IP address and 255.255.255.255 as the Local
End IP address. This field is blank for One-to-One mapping types.
Global Start IP
This is the starting Inside Global IP Address (IGA). Enter 0.0.0.0 here if you have a dynamic
IP address from your ISP. You can only do this for the Many-to-One mapping type.
Global End IP
This is the ending Inside Global IP Address (IGA). This field is blank for One-to-One and
Many-to-One mapping types.
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Table 64 Network Setting > NAT > Address Mapping (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Type
This is the address mapping type.
One-to-One: This mode maps one local IP address to one global IP address. Note that port
numbers do not change for the One-to-one NAT mapping type.
Many-to-One: This mode maps multiple local IP addresses to one global IP address. This is
equivalent to SUA (i.e., PAT, port address translation), the Device's Single User Account
feature that previous routers supported only.
Many-to-Many: This mode maps multiple local IP addresses to shared global IP addresses.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to go to the screen where you can edit the address mapping rule.
Click the Delete icon to delete an existing address mapping rule. Note that subsequent
address mapping rules move up by one when you take this action.
10.7.1 Add/Edit Address Mapping Rule
To add or edit an address mapping rule, click Add new rule or the rule’s edit icon in the Address
Mapping screen to display the screen shown next.
Figure 92 Address Mapping: Add/Edit
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 65 Address Mapping: Add/Edit
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Type
Choose the IP/port mapping type from one of the following.
One-to-One: This mode maps one local IP address to one global IP address. Note that port
numbers do not change for the One-to-one NAT mapping type.
Many-to-One: This mode maps multiple local IP addresses to one global IP address. This is
equivalent to SUA (i.e., PAT, port address translation), the Device's Single User Account
feature that previous routers supported only.
Many-to-Many: This mode maps multiple local IP addresses to shared global IP addresses.
166
Local Start IP
Enter the starting Inside Local IP Address (ILA).
Local End IP
Enter the ending Inside Local IP Address (ILA). If the rule is for all local IP addresses, then
this field displays 0.0.0.0 as the Local Start IP address and 255.255.255.255 as the Local
End IP address. This field is blank for One-to-One mapping types.
Global Start IP
Enter the starting Inside Global IP Address (IGA). Enter 0.0.0.0 here if you have a dynamic
IP address from your ISP. You can only do this for the Many-to-One mapping type.
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Table 65 Address Mapping: Add/Edit (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Global End IP
Enter the ending Inside Global IP Address (IGA). This field is blank for One-to-One and
Many-to-One mapping types.
Set
Select the number of the mapping set for which you want to configure.
OK
Click OK to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
10.8 The Address Mapping Screen
Ordering your rules is important because the Device applies the rules in the order that you specify.
When a rule matches the current packet, the Device takes the corresponding action and the
remaining rules are ignored.
Click Network Setting > NAT > Address Mapping to display the following screen.
Figure 93 Network Setting > NAT > Address Mapping
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 66 Network Setting > NAT > Address Mapping
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Add new rule
Click this to create a new rule.
Set
This is the index number of the address mapping set.
Local Start IP
This is the starting Inside Local IP Address (ILA).
Local End IP
This is the ending Inside Local IP Address (ILA). If the rule is for all local IP addresses, then
this field displays 0.0.0.0 as the Local Start IP address and 255.255.255.255 as the Local
End IP address. This field is blank for One-to-One mapping types.
Global Start IP
This is the starting Inside Global IP Address (IGA). Enter 0.0.0.0 here if you have a dynamic
IP address from your ISP. You can only do this for the Many-to-One mapping type.
Global End IP
This is the ending Inside Global IP Address (IGA). This field is blank for One-to-One and
Many-to-One mapping types.
Type
This is the address mapping type.
One-to-One: This mode maps one local IP address to one global IP address. Note that port
numbers do not change for the One-to-one NAT mapping type.
Many-to-One: This mode maps multiple local IP addresses to one global IP address. This is
equivalent to SUA (i.e., PAT, port address translation), the Device's Single User Account
feature that previous routers supported only.
Many-to-Many: This mode maps multiple local IP addresses to shared global IP addresses.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to go to the screen where you can edit the address mapping rule.
Click the Delete icon to delete an existing address mapping rule. Note that subsequent
address mapping rules move up by one when you take this action.
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10.9 The Sessions Screen
Use this screen to limit the number of concurrent NAT sessions a client can use. Click Network
Setting > NAT > Sessions to display the following screen.
Figure 94 Network Setting > NAT > Sessions
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 67 Network Setting > NAT > Sessions
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
WAX NAT
Session Per
Host
Use this field to set a limit to the number of concurrent NAT sessions each client host can
have.
Apply
Click this to save your changes on this screen.
Cancel
Click this to exit this screen without saving any changes.
If only a few clients use peer to peer applications, you can raise this number to improve
their performance. With heavy peer-to-peer application use, lower this number to ensure no
single client uses too many of the available NAT sessions.
10.10 Technical Reference
This part contains more information regarding NAT.
10.10.1 NAT Definitions
Inside/outside denotes where a host is located relative to the Device, for example, the computers
of your subscribers are the inside hosts, while the web servers on the Internet are the outside
hosts.
Global/local denotes the IP address of a host in a packet as the packet traverses a router, for
example, the local address refers to the IP address of a host when the packet is in the local
network, while the global address refers to the IP address of the host when the same packet is
traveling in the WAN side.
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Note that inside/outside refers to the location of a host, while global/local refers to the IP address
of a host used in a packet. Thus, an inside local address (ILA) is the IP address of an inside host in
a packet when the packet is still in the local network, while an inside global address (IGA) is the IP
address of the same inside host when the packet is on the WAN side. The following table
summarizes this information.
Table 68 NAT Definitions
ITEM
DESCRIPTION
Inside
This refers to the host on the LAN.
Outside
This refers to the host on the WAN.
Local
This refers to the packet address (source or destination) as the packet travels on the
LAN.
Global
This refers to the packet address (source or destination) as the packet travels on the
WAN.
NAT never changes the IP address (either local or global) of an outside host.
10.10.2 What NAT Does
In the simplest form, NAT changes the source IP address in a packet received from a subscriber
(the inside local address) to another (the inside global address) before forwarding the packet to the
WAN side. When the response comes back, NAT translates the destination address (the inside
global address) back to the inside local address before forwarding it to the original inside host. Note
that the IP address (either local or global) of an outside host is never changed.
The global IP addresses for the inside hosts can be either static or dynamically assigned by the ISP.
In addition, you can designate servers, for example, a web server and a telnet server, on your local
network and make them accessible to the outside world. If you do not define any servers (for Manyto-One and Many-to-Many Overload mapping), NAT offers the additional benefit of firewall
protection. With no servers defined, your Device filters out all incoming inquiries, thus preventing
intruders from probing your network. For more information on IP address translation, refer to RFC
1631, The IP Network Address Translator (NAT).
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10.10.3 How NAT Works
Each packet has two addresses – a source address and a destination address. For outgoing packets,
the ILA (Inside Local Address) is the source address on the LAN, and the IGA (Inside Global
Address) is the source address on the WAN. For incoming packets, the ILA is the destination
address on the LAN, and the IGA is the destination address on the WAN. NAT maps private (local)
IP addresses to globally unique ones required for communication with hosts on other networks. It
replaces the original IP source address (and TCP or UDP source port numbers for Many-to-One and
Many-to-Many Overload NAT mapping) in each packet and then forwards it to the Internet. The
Device keeps track of the original addresses and port numbers so incoming reply packets can have
their original values restored. The following figure illustrates this.
Figure 95 How NAT Works
NAT Table
LAN
Inside Local
IP Address
192.168.1.10
192.168.1.11
192.168.1.12
192.168.1.13
192.168.1.13
192.168.1.12
SA
SA
192.168.1.10
IGA1
Inside Local
Address (ILA)
192.168.1.11
170
Inside Global
IP Address
IGA 1
IGA 2
IGA 3
IGA 4
WAN
Inside Global
Address (IGA)
192.168.1.10
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10.10.4 NAT Application
The following figure illustrates a possible NAT application, where three inside LANs (logical LANs
using IP alias) behind the Device can communicate with three distinct WAN networks.
Figure 96 NAT Application With IP Alias
Port Forwarding: Services and Port Numbers
The most often used port numbers are shown in the following table. Please refer to RFC 1700 for
further information about port numbers. Please also refer to the Supporting CD for more examples
and details on port forwarding and NAT.
Table 69 Services and Port Numbers
SERVICES
PORT NUMBER
ECHO
FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
21
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
25
DNS (Domain Name System)
53
Finger
79
HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer protocol or WWW, Web)
80
POP3 (Post Office Protocol)
110
NNTP (Network News Transport Protocol)
119
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)
161
SNMP trap
162
PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol)
1723
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Port Forwarding Example
Let's say you want to assign ports 21-25 to one FTP, Telnet and SMTP server (A in the example),
port 80 to another (B in the example) and assign a default server IP address of 192.168.1.35 to a
third (C in the example). You assign the LAN IP addresses and the ISP assigns the WAN IP address.
The NAT network appears as a single host on the Internet.
Figure 97 Multiple Servers Behind NAT Example
A=192.168.1.33
192.168.1.1
B=192.168.1.34
IP address assigned by ISP
C=192.168.1.35
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D=192.168.1.36
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11
Dynamic DNS Setup
11.1 Overview
DNS
DNS (Domain Name System) is for mapping a domain name to its corresponding IP address and
vice versa. The DNS server is extremely important because without it, you must know the IP
address of a machine before you can access it.
In addition to the system DNS server(s), each WAN interface (service) is set to have its own static
or dynamic DNS server list. You can configure a DNS static route to forward DNS queries for certain
domain names through a specific WAN interface to its DNS server(s). The Device uses a system
DNS server (in the order you specify in the Broadband screen) to resolve domain names that do
not match any DNS routing entry. After the Device receives a DNS reply from a DNS server, it
creates a new entry for the resolved IP address in the routing table.
Dynamic DNS
Dynamic DNS allows you to update your current dynamic IP address with one or many dynamic
DNS services so that anyone can contact you (in NetMeeting, CU-SeeMe, etc.). You can also access
your FTP server or Web site on your own computer using a domain name (for instance
myhost.dhs.org, where myhost is a name of your choice) that will never change instead of using an
IP address that changes each time you reconnect. Your friends or relatives will always be able to
call you even if they don't know your IP address.
First of all, you need to have registered a dynamic DNS account with www.dyndns.org. This is for
people with a dynamic IP from their ISP or DHCP server that would still like to have a domain name.
The Dynamic DNS service provider will give you a password or key.
11.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
• Use the DNS Entry screen to view, configure, or remove DNS routes (Section 11.2 on page
174).
• Use the Dynamic DNS screen to enable DDNS and configure the DDNS settings on the Device
(Section 11.3 on page 175).
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11.1.2 What You Need To Know
DYNDNS Wildcard
Enabling the wildcard feature for your host causes *.yourhost.dyndns.org to be aliased to the same
IP address as yourhost.dyndns.org. This feature is useful if you want to be able to use, for example,
www.yourhost.dyndns.org and still reach your hostname.
If you have a private WAN IP address, then you cannot use Dynamic DNS.
11.2 The DNS Entry Screen
Use this screen to view and configure DNS routes on the Device. Click Network Setting > DNS to
open the DNS Entry screen.
Figure 98 Network Setting > DNS > DNS Entry
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 70 Network Setting > DNS > DNS Entry
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Add new DNS
entry
Click this to create a new DNS entry.
This is the index number of the entry.
Hostname
This indicates the host name or domain name.
IP Address
This indicates the IP address assigned to this computer.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to edit the rule.
Click the Delete icon to delete an existing rule.
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11.2.1 Add/Edit DNS Entry
You can manually add or edit the Device’s DNS name and IP address entry. Click Add new DNS
entry in the DNS Entry screen or the Edit icon next to the entry you want to edit. The screen
shown next appears.
Figure 99 DNS Entry: Add/Edit
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 71 DNS Entry: Add/Edit
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Host Name
Enter the host name of the DNS entry.
IP Address
Enter the IP address of the DNS entry.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
11.3 The Dynamic DNS Screen
Use this screen to change your Device’s DDNS. Click Network Setting > DNS > Dynamic DNS.
The screen appears as shown.
Figure 100 Network Setting > DNS > Dynamic DNS
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The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 72 Network Setting > DNS > > Dynamic DNS
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Dynamic DNS
Select Enable to use dynamic DNS.
Service
Provider
Select your Dynamic DNS service provider from the drop-down list box.
Hostname
Type the domain name assigned to your Device by your Dynamic DNS provider.
You can specify up to two host names in the field separated by a comma (",").
176
Username
Type your user name.
Password
Type the password assigned to you.
Email
If you select TZO in the Service Provider field, enter the user name you used to register
for this service.
Key
If you select TZO in the Service Provider field, enter the password you used to register for
this service.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
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12
Interface Group
12.1 Overview
By default, all LAN and WAN interfaces on the Device are in the same group and can communicate
with each other. Create interface groups to have the Device assign the IP addresses in different
domains to different groups. Each group acts as an independent network on the Device. This lets
devices connected to an interface group’s LAN interfaces communicate through the interface
group’s WAN or LAN interfaces but not other WAN or LAN interfaces.
12.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
The Interface Group screens let you create multiple networks on the Device (Section 12.2 on
page 177).
12.2 The Interface Group Screen
You can manually add a LAN interface to a new group. Alternatively, you can have the Device
automatically add the incoming traffic and the LAN interface on which traffic is received to an
interface group when its DHCP Vendor ID option information matches one listed for the interface
group.
Use the LAN screen to configure the private IP addresses the DHCP server on the Device assigns to
the clients in the default and/or user-defined groups. If you set the Device to assign IP addresses
based on the client’s DHCP Vendor ID option information, you must enable DHCP server and
configure LAN TCP/IP settings for both the default and user-defined groups. See Chapter 7 on page
105 for more information.
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In the following example, the client that sends packets with the DHCP Vendor ID option set to MSFT
5.0 (meaning it is a Windows 2000 DHCP client) is assigned the IP address 192.168.2.2 and uses
the WAN VDSL_PoE/ppp0.1 interface.
Figure 101 Interface Grouping Application
Default: ETH 2~4
192.168.1.x/24
eth10.0
Internet
VDSL_PoE/ppp0.1
192.168.2.x/24
DHCP Vendor ID option: MSFT 5.0
Click Network Setting > Interface Group to open the following screen.
Figure 102 Network Setting > Interface Group
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 73 Network Setting > Interface Group
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Add New
Interface Group
Click this button to create a new interface group.
Group Name
This shows the descriptive name of the group.
WAN Interface
This shows the WAN interfaces in the group.
LAN Interfaces
This shows the LAN interfaces in the group.
Criteria
This shows the filtering criteria for the group.
Modify
Click the Delete icon to remove the group.
Add
Click this button to create a new group.
12.2.1 Interface Group Configuration
Click the Add New Interface Group button in the Interface Group screen to open the following
screen. Use this screen to create a new interface group.
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Note: An interface can belong to only one group at a time.
Figure 103 Interface Group Configuration
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 74 Interface Group Configuration
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Group Name
Enter a name to identify this group. You can enter up to 30 characters. You can use letters,
numbers, hyphens (-) and underscores (_). Spaces are not allowed.
WAN Interface
used in the
grouping
Select the WAN interface this group uses. The group can have up to one PTM interface, up to
one ATM interface and up to one ETH interface.
Grouped LAN
Interfaces
Select one or more LAN interfaces (Ethernet LAN, HPNA or wireless LAN) in the Available
LAN Interfaces list and use the left arrow to move them to the Grouped LAN Interfaces
list to add the interfaces to this group.
Available LAN
Interfaces
Select None to not add a WAN interface to this group.
To remove a LAN or wireless LAN interface from the Grouped LAN Interfaces, use the
right-facing arrow.
Automatically
Add Clients
With the
following DHCP
Vendor IDs
Click Add to identify LAN hosts to add to the interface group by criteria such as the type of
the hardware or firmware. See Section 12.2.2 on page 180 for more information.
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Table 74 Interface Group Configuration (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
This shows the index number of the rule.
Filter Criteria
This shows the filtering criteria. The LAN interface on which the matched traffic is received
will belong to this group automatically.
WildCard
Support
This shows if wildcard on DHCP option 60 is enabled.
Remove
Click the Remove icon to delete this rule from the Device.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the Device.
Cancel
Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
12.2.2 Interface Grouping Criteria
Click the Add button in the Interface Grouping Configuration screen to open the following
screen.
Figure 104 Interface Grouping Criteria
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 75 Interface Grouping Criteria
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Source MAC
Address
Enter the source MAC address of the packet.
DHCP Option
60
Select this option and enter the Vendor Class Identifier (Option 60) of the matched traffic,
such as the type of the hardware or firmware.
Enable
wildcard on
DHCP
option 60
option
180
Select this option to be able to use wildcards in the Vendor Class Identifier configured for
DHCP option 60.
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Table 75 Interface Grouping Criteria (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
DHCP Option
61
Select this and enter the device identity of the matched traffic.
IAID
Enter the Identity Association Identifier (IAID) of the device, for example, the WAN
connection index number.
DUID type
Select DUID-LLT (DUID Based on Link-layer Address Plus Time) to enter the hardware
type, a time value and the MAC address of the device.
Select DUID-EN (DUID Assigned by Vendor Based upon Enterprise Number) to enter the
vendor’s registered enterprise number.
Select DUID-LL (DUID Based on Link-layer Address) to enter the device’s hardware type
and hardware address (MAC address) in the following fields.
Select Other to enter any string that identifies the device in the DUID field.
DHCP Option
125
Select this and enter vendor specific information of the matched traffic.
Enterprise
Number
Enter the vendor’s 32-bit enterprise number registered with the IANA (Internet Assigned
Numbers Authority).
Manufactur
er OUI
Specify the vendor’s OUI (Organization Unique Identifier). It is usually the first three bytes
of the MAC address.
Product
Class
Enter the product class of the device.
Model
Name
Enter the model name of the device.
Serial
Number
Enter the serial number of the device.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the Device.
Cancel
Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
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13
USB Service
13.1 Overview
You can share files on a USB memory stick or hard drive connected to your Device with users on
your network.
The following figure is an overview of the Device’s file server feature. Computers A and B can
access files on a USB device (C) which is connected to the Device.
Figure 105 File Sharing Overview
The Device will not be able to join the workgroup if your local area network has restrictions
set up that do not allow devices to join a workgroup. In this case, contact your network
administrator.
13.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
• Use the File Sharing screen to enable file-sharing server (Section 13.1.3 on page 185).
• Use the Media Server screen to enable or disable the sharing of media files (Section 13.3 on
page 188).
• Use the Printer Server screen to enable the print server (Section 13.4 on page 189).
13.1.2 What You Need To Know
The following terms and concepts may help as you read this chapter.
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13.1.2.1 About File Sharing
Workgroup name
This is the name given to a set of computers that are connected on a network and share resources
such as a printer or files. Windows automatically assigns the workgroup name when you set up a
network.
Shares
When settings are set to default, each USB device connected to the Device is given a folder, called
a “share”. If a USB hard drive connected to the Device has more than one partition, then each
partition will be allocated a share. You can also configure a “share” to be a sub-folder or file on the
USB device.
File Systems
A file system is a way of storing and organizing files on your hard drive and storage device. Often
different operating systems such as Windows or Linux have different file systems. The file sharing
feature on your Device supports File Allocation Table (FAT) and FAT32.
Common Internet File System
The Device uses Common Internet File System (CIFS) protocol for its file sharing functions. CIFS
compatible computers can access the USB file storage devices connected to the Device. CIFS
protocol is supported on Microsoft Windows, Linux Samba and other operating systems (refer to
your systems specifications for CIFS compatibility).
13.1.2.2 About Printer Server
Print Server
This is a computer or other device which manages one or more printers, and which sends print jobs
to each printer from the computer itself or other devices.
Operating System
An operating system (OS) is the interface which helps you manage a computer. Common examples
are Microsoft Windows, Mac OS or Linux.
TCP/IP
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol) is a set of communications protocols that
most of the Internet runs on.
Port
A port maps a network service such as http to a process running on your computer, such as a
process run by your web browser. When traffic from the Internet is received on your computer, the
port number is used to identify which process running on your computer it is intended for.
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Supported OSs
Your operating system must support TCP/IP ports for printing and be compatible with the RAW (port
9100) protocol.
The following OSs support Device’s printer sharing feature.
• Microsoft Windows 95, Windows 98 SE (Second Edition), Windows Me, Windows NT 4.0, Windows
2000, Windows XP or Macintosh OS X.
13.1.3 Before You Begin
Make sure the Device is connected to your network and turned on.
Connect the USB device to one of the Device’s USB port. Make sure the Device is connected to your
network.
The Device detects the USB device and makes its contents available for browsing. If you are
connecting a USB hard drive that comes with an external power supply, make sure it is connected
to an appropriate power source that is on.
Note: If your USB device cannot be detected by the Device, see the troubleshooting for
suggestions.
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13.2 The File Sharing Screen
Use this screen to set up file sharing through the Device. The Device’s LAN users can access the
shared folder (or share) from the USB device inserted in the Device. To access this screen, click
Network Setting > USB Service > File Sharing.
Figure 106 Network Setting > USB Service > File Sharing
Each field is described in the following table.
Table 76 Network Setting > Home Networking > File Sharing
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Information
Volume
This is the volume name the Device gives to an inserted USB device.
Capacity
This is the total available memory size (in megabytes) on the USB device.
Used Space
This is the memory size (in megabytes) already used on the USB device.
Server Configuration
File Sharing
Services
Select Enable to activate file sharing through the Device.
Host Name
Enter the host name on the share.
Share Directory List
Add New Share
Click this to create a new share for users to access through the Device.
Active
Select this to activate the share.
Status
This field shows the status of the share.
: The share is not activated.
: The share is activated and shared to all users.
: The share is activated and only shared to the specified users listed in the Account
Management section below.
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Table 76 Network Setting > Home Networking > File Sharing
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Share Name
This field shows the name of a folder that is shared through the Device.
Share Path
This field shows the location of the share in the Device.
Share
Description
This field shows a short description of the share.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to modify the share.
Click the Delete icon to remove the share from the Device.
Account Management
Add New User
Click this button to create a user account to access the secured shares.
Active
Select this to allow the user to access the secured shares.
Status
This field shows the status of the user.
: The user account is not activated for the share.
: The user account is activated for the share.
User Name
This is the name of a user who is allowed to access the secured shares on the USB device.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to modify the user account.
Click the Delete icon to remove the user account from the Device.
Apply
Click this to save your changes to the Device.
Cancel
Click this to restore your previously saved settings.
13.2.1 The Add New Share Screen
Use this screen to create a share. To access this screen, click the Add new share button in the
Network Setting > USB Service > File Sharing screen.
Figure 107 Network Setting > USB Service > File Sharing > Add new share
Each field is described in the following table.
Table 77 Network Setting > Home Networking > File Sharing > Add new share
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Volume
Select the volume where you want to create the share.
Share Path
Type in the location of the share or click the Browse button to locate the folder.
Description
Type more information to describe the share optionally.
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Table 77 Network Setting > Home Networking > File Sharing > Add new share
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Access Level
Select Public to allow all users on the network to access the shared files.
Select Security to require users to log in to access shared files.
Set up user accounts in the Account Management section.
Apply
Click this to save your changes to the Device.
Back
Click this to return to the previous screen.
13.2.2 The Add New User Screen
Use this screen to create a user account that can access the secured shares on the USB device. To
access this screen, click the Add new user button in the Network Setting > USB Service > File
Sharing screen.
Figure 108 Network Setting > USB Service > File Sharing > Add new user
Each field is described in the following table.
Table 78 Network Setting > Home Networking > File Sharing > Add new user
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
User Name
Enter a user name. You can enter up to 16 characters. Only letters and numbers allowed.
New Password
Enter the password used to access the secured share. The password must be 5 to 15
characters long. Only letters and numbers are allowed. The password is case sensitive.
Retype New
Password
Retype the password that you entered above.
Apply
Click this to save your changes to the Device.
Back
Click this to return to the previous screen.
13.3 The Media Server Screen
The media server feature lets anyone on your network play video, music, and photos from the USB
storage device connected to your Device (without having to copy them to another computer). The
Device can function as a DLNA-compliant media server. The Device streams files to DLNA-compliant
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media clients (like Windows Media Player). The Digital Living Network Alliance (DLNA) is a group of
personal computer and electronics companies that works to make products compatible in a home
network.
The Device media server enables you to:
• Publish all shares for everyone to play media files in the USB storage device connected to the
Device.
• Use hardware-based media clients like the DMA-2500 to play the files.
Note: Anyone on your network can play the media files in the published shares. No user
name and password or other form of security is used. The media server is enabled
by default with the video, photo, and music shares published.
To change your Device’s media server settings, click Network Setting > USB Service > Media
Server. The screen appears as shown.
Figure 109 Network Setting > USB Service > Media Server
The following table describes the labels in this menu.
Table 79 Network Setting > USB Service > Media Server
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Media Server
Select Enable to have the Device function as a DLNA-compliant media server.
Enable the media server to let (DLNA-compliant) media clients on your network play media
files located in the shares.
Interface
Select an interface on which you want to enable the media server function.
Media Library
Path
Enter the path clients use to access the media files on a USB storage device connected to
the Device.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.
13.4 Printer Server
The Device allows you to share a USB printer on your LAN. You can do this by connecting a USB
printer to one of the USB ports on the Device and then configuring a TCP/IP port on the computers
connected to your network.
13.4.1 Before You Begin
To configure the print server you need the following:
• Your Device must be connected to your computer and any other devices on your network. The
USB printer must be connected to your Device.
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• A USB printer with the driver already installed on your computer.
• The computers on your network must have the printer software already installed before they can
create a TCP/IP port for printing via the network. Follow your printer manufacturers instructions
on how to install the printer software on your computer.
Note: Your printer’s installation instructions may ask that you connect the printer to your
computer. Connect your printer to the Device instead.
13.4.2 The Printer Server Screen
Use this screen to enable or disable sharing of a USB printer via your Device.
To access this screen, click Network Setting > USB Service > Printer Server.
Figure 110 Network Setting > USB Service > Printer Server
The following table describes the labels in this menu.
Table 80 Network Setting > USB Service > Print Server
190
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Printer Server
Select Enable to have the Device share a USB printer.
User Defined
Printer Name
Type the name for the printer.
Maker and
model
Type up to 80 characters for the manufacturer and model number of the printer.
System Printer
Name
This field shows the printer’s system name the Device has detected from one of the USB
ports.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.
VMG8924-B10A User’s Guide
C HAPTER
14
Power Management
14.1 Overview
Power management allows you to turn on/off one or more interfaces and all LED lights without
power off the whole system when necessary. You can configure a schedule to do so automatically or
manually do it on the Web Configurator.
14.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
• Use the Power Management screen to manually turn on/off interface(s) and/or LEDs (Section
14.2 on page 191).
• Use the Auto Switch Off screen to configure schedules for turning on/off interface(s) and/or
LEDs automatically (Section 14.3 on page 192).
14.1.2 What You Need To Know
• These screens are only available for the “supervisor” user.
• The Power Management and Auto Switch Off screens are dependant. You can only configure
the on/off switches of the same interface and LEDs in one of the two screens.
14.2 The Power Management Screen
Use this screen to manually turn on/off interface(s) or LEDs. Click Network Setting > Power
Management > Power Management. The screen appears as shown.
Figure 111 Network Setting > Power Management
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Each field is described in the following table.
Table 81 Network Setting > Power Management
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Manually
Switch On/Off
Select POWER ON or POWER OFF to turn on/off the interface or LED lights.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.
14.3 The Auto Switch Off Screen
Use this screen to view schedules to turn on or off specific interface(s) and/or all LED lights on the
Device. To access this screen, click Network Setting > Power Management > Auto Switch Off.
Figure 112 Network Setting > Power Managment > Auto Switch Off
The following table describes the labels in this menu.
Table 82 Network Setting > Power Managment > Auto Switch OffNetwork Setting > Power
Managment > Auto Switch Off
192
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Add or modify
rules
Click this link to create or edit a schedule.
This is the index number of a schedule rule.
Rule Name
This field shows the name of the schedule rule.
Day
This field shows which week days (in green) the interface(s) and/or LEDs are turned on and
the days (grayed-out) they are turned off automatically.
Time
This field shows the time period the interface(s) and/or LEDs are turned on.
Wireless
This field shows whether this schedule applies to the wireless LAN interface.
DSL WAN
This field shows whether this schedule applies to the DSL WAN interface.
Eth WAN
This field shows whether this schedule applies to the Ethernet WAN interface.
LAN1~LAN4
This field shows whether this schedule applies to the corresponding LAN interface.
LED
This field shows whether this schedule applies to the LEDs.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.
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14.3.1 The Auto Switch Off Add/Edit Screen
Use this screen to manage the auto switch off schedules. To access this screen, click the Add or
modify rules link in the Network Setting > Power Management > Auto Switch Off screen.
Figure 113 Network Setting > Power Managment > Auto Switch Off > Add or modify rules
The following table describes the labels in this menu.
Table 83 Network Setting > Power Managment > Auto Switch Off Network Setting > Power
Managment > Auto Switch Off > Add or modify rules
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Add new rule
Click this link to create a rule.
This is the index number of a rule.
Rule Name
This field shows the name of the rule.
Day
This field shows the week days of the schedule (in green).
Time
This field shows the time period of the schedule.
Description
This field shows more information about this rule.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to modify the rule or click the Delete icon to remove it.
14.3.2 The Add/Edit Rule Screen
Use this screen to configure a schedule rule. To access this screen, click the Add new rule link or
the Edit icon in the Network Setting > Power Management > Auto Switch Off > Add or
modify rules screen.
Figure 114 Network Setting > Power Management > Auto Switch Off > Add or modify rules > Add
new rule/Edit
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Chapter 14 Power Management
Each field is described in the following table.
Table 84 Network Setting > Power Management > Auto Switch Off > Add or modify rules > Add
new rule/Edit>
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Rule Name
Type up to 31 alphanumberic characters for the name of this rule.
Day
Select the week day(s) of the schedule.
Time of Day
Range
Enter the From and To times (in hh:mm format) to set a time period for the schedule. You
can only enter a time period between 00:00 and 23:59.
To set a time period crossing over midnight, you must split the time period into two
schedule rules. For example, for a time period from 10:00 PM to the next day’s 8:00 AM,
you can set one schedule for 22:00~23:59 and another schedule for 00:00~08:00.
194
Description
Enter more information for this rule here.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.
VMG8924-B10A User’s Guide
C HAPTER
15
Firewall
15.1 Overview
This chapter shows you how to enable and configure the Device’s security settings. Use the firewall
to protect your Device and network from attacks by hackers on the Internet and control access to
it. By default the firewall:
• allows traffic that originates from your LAN computers to go to all other networks.
• blocks traffic that originates on other networks from going to the LAN.
The following figure illustrates the default firewall action. User A can initiate an IM (Instant
Messaging) session from the LAN to the WAN (1). Return traffic for this session is also allowed (2).
However other traffic initiated from the WAN is blocked (3 and 4).
Figure 115 Default Firewall Action
WAN
LAN
15.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
• Use the General screen to configure the security level of the firewall on the Device (Section 15.2
on page 197).
• Use the Protocol screen to add or remove predefined Internet services and configure firewall
rules (Section 15.3 on page 197).
• Use the Access Control screen to view and configure incoming/outgoing filtering rules (Section
15.4 on page 199).
• Use the DoS screen to activate protection against Denial of Service (DoS) attacks (.Section 15.5
on page 202).
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15.1.2 What You Need to Know
SYN Attack
A SYN attack floods a targeted system with a series of SYN packets. Each packet causes the
targeted system to issue a SYN-ACK response. While the targeted system waits for the ACK that
follows the SYN-ACK, it queues up all outstanding SYN-ACK responses on a backlog queue. SYNACKs are moved off the queue only when an ACK comes back or when an internal timer terminates
the three-way handshake. Once the queue is full, the system will ignore all incoming SYN requests,
making the system unavailable for legitimate users.
DoS
Denials of Service (DoS) attacks are aimed at devices and networks with a connection to the
Internet. Their goal is not to steal information, but to disable a device or network so users no longer
have access to network resources. The ZyXEL Device is pre-configured to automatically detect and
thwart all known DoS attacks.
DDoS
A DDoS attack is one in which multiple compromised systems attack a single target, thereby
causing denial of service for users of the targeted system.
LAND Attack
In a LAND attack, hackers flood SYN packets into the network with a spoofed source IP address of
the target system. This makes it appear as if the host computer sent the packets to itself, making
the system unavailable while the target system tries to respond to itself.
Ping of Death
Ping of Death uses a "ping" utility to create and send an IP packet that exceeds the maximum
65,536 bytes of data allowed by the IP specification. This may cause systems to crash, hang or
reboot.
SPI
Stateful Packet Inspection (SPI) tracks each connection crossing the firewall and makes sure it is
valid. Filtering decisions are based not only on rules but also context. For example, traffic from the
WAN may only be allowed to cross the firewall in response to a request from the LAN.
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15.2 The Firewall Screen
Use this screen to set the security level of the firewall on the Device. Firewall rules are grouped
based on the direction of travel of packets to which they apply.
Click Security > Firewall to display the General screen.
Figure 116 Security > Firewall > General
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 85 Security > Firewall > General
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Firewall
Select Enable to activate the firewall feature on the Device.
Easy
Select Easy to allow LAN to WAN and WAN to LAN packet directions.
Medium
Select Medium to allow LAN to WAN but deny WAN to LAN packet directions.
High
Select High to deny LAN to WAN and WAN to LAN packet directions.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to restore your previously saved settings.
15.3 The Protocol Screen
You can configure customized services and port numbers in the Protocol screen. For a
comprehensive list of port numbers and services, visit the IANA (Internet Assigned Number
Authority) website. See Appendix F on page 389 for some examples.
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Click Security > Firewall > Protocol to display the following screen.
Figure 117 Security > Firewall > Protocol
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 86 Security > Firewall > Protocol
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Add new
service entry
Click this to add a new service.
Name
This is the name of your customized service.
Description
This is the description of your customized service.
Ports/Protocol
Number
This shows the IP protocol (TCP, UDP, ICMP, or TCP/UDP) and the port number or range
of ports that defines your customized service. Other and the protocol number displays if the
service uses another IP protocol.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to edit the entry.
Click the Delete icon to remove this entry.
15.3.1 Add/Edit a Service
Use this screen to add a customized service rule that you can use in the firewall’s ACL rule
configuration. Click Add new service entry or the edit icon next to an existing service rule in the
Service screen to display the following screen.
Figure 118 Service: Add/Edit
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 87 Service: Add/Edit
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Protocol
Choose the IP protocol (TCP, UDP, ICMP, or Other) that defines your customized port from
the drop-down list box. Select Other to be able to enter a protocol number.
Source/
These fields are displayed if you select TCP or UDP as the IP port.
Destination Port
Select Single to specify one port only or Range to specify a span of ports that define your
customized service. If you select Any, the service is applied to all ports.
Type a single port number or the range of port numbers that define your customized
service.
Protocol
Number
This field is displayed if you select Other as the protocol.
Add
Click this to add the protocol to the Rule List below.
Enter the protocol number of your customized port.
Rule List
Protocol
This is the IP port (TCP, UDP, ICMP, or Other) that defines your customized port.
Ports/Protocol
Number
For TCP, UDP, ICMP, or TCP/UDP protocol rules this shows the port number or range that
defines the custom service. For other IP protocol rules this shows the protocol number.
Delete
Click the Delete icon to remove the rule.
Service Name
Enter a unique name (up to 32 printable English keyboard characters, including spaces) for
your customized port.
Service
Description
Enter a description for your customized port.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes.
Cancel
Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.
15.4 The Access Control Screen
Click Security > Firewall > Access Control to display the following screen. This screen displays a
list of the configured incoming or outgoing filtering rules.
Figure 119 Security > Firewall > Access Control
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 88 Security > Firewall > Access Control
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Add new ACL
rule
Click this to go to add a filter rule for incoming or outgoing IP traffic.
This is the index number of the entry.
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Chapter 15 Firewall
Table 88 Security > Firewall > Access Control (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Name
This displays the name of the rule.
Src IP
This displays the source IP addresses to which this rule applies. Please note that a blank
source address is equivalent to Any.
Dst IP
This displays the destination IP addresses to which this rule applies. Please note that a
blank destination address is equivalent to Any.
Service
This displays the transport layer protocol that defines the service and the direction of traffic
to which this rule applies.
Action
This field displays whether the rule silently discards packets (DROP), discards packets and
sends a TCP reset packet or an ICMP destination-unreachable message to the sender
(REJECT) or allows the passage of packets (ACCEPT).
Modify
Click the Edit icon to edit the rule.
Click the Delete icon to delete an existing rule. Note that subsequent rules move up by one
when you take this action.
Click the Move To icon to change the order of the rule. Enter the number in the # field.
15.4.1 Add/Edit an ACL Rule
Click Add new ACL rule or the Edit icon next to an existing ACL rule in the Access Control
screen. The following screen displays.
Figure 120 Access Control: Add/Edit
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