Zyxel Gs 4012F 4024 Users Manual 4012F/GS User's Guide V3.60 (Ed. 2, May 2006)

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GS-4012F/4024
Ethernet Switch
User’s Guide
Version 3.60
1/2006
Edition 2
GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide
Copyright 2
Copyright
Copyright © 2006 by ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
The contents of this publication may not be reproduced in any part or as a whole, transcribed, stored in a
retrieval system, translated into any language, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, photocopying, manual, or otherwise, without the prior written
permission of ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
Published by ZyXEL Communications Corporation. All rights reserved.
Disclaimer
ZyXEL does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any products, or software
described herein. Neither does it convey any license under its patent rights nor the patent rights of others.
ZyXEL further reserves the right to make changes in any products described herein without notice. This
publication is subject to change without notice.
GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide
3 Interference Statements and Warnings
Interference Statements and
Warnings
FCC Statement
This switch complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:
1This switch may not cause harmful interference.
2This switch must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired
operations.
FCC Warning
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital switch, pursuant
to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful
interference in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency
energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful
interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause
harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.
CE Mark Warning:
This is a class A product. In a domestic environment this product may cause radio interference in which
case the user may be required to take adequate measures.
Taiwanese BSMI (Bureau of Standards, Metrology and Inspection) A Warning:
Notice 1
Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the
user's authority to operate the equipment.
This Class A digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.
Cet appareil numérique de la classe A est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada.
GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide
Interference Statements and Warnings 4
Certifications
1Go to www.zyxel.com
2Select your product from the drop-down list box on the ZyXEL home page
to go to that product's page.
3Select the certification you wish to view from this page.
Registration
Register your product online for free future product updates and information at
www.zyxel.com for global products, or at www.us.zyxel.com for North American products.
Safety Warnings
For your safety, be sure to read and follow all warning notices and instructions.
• To reduce the risk of fire, use only No. 26 AWG (American Wire Gauge) or larger telecommunication
line cord.
• Do NOT open the device or unit. Opening or removing covers can expose you to dangerous high
voltage points or other risks. ONLY qualified service personnel can service the device. Please contact
your vendor for further information.
• Use ONLY the dedicated power supply for your device. Connect the power cord or power adaptor to
the right supply voltage (110V AC in North America or 230V AC in Europe).
• Do NOT use the device if the power supply is damaged as it might cause electrocution.
• If the power supply is damaged, remove it from the power outlet.
• Do NOT attempt to repair the power supply. Contact your local vendor to order a new power supply.
• Place connecting cables carefully so that no one will step on them or stumble over them. Do NOT
allow anything to rest on the power cord and do NOT locate the product where anyone can walk on
the power cord.
• If you wall mount your device, make sure that no electrical, gas or water pipes will be damaged.
• Do NOT install nor use your device during a thunderstorm. There may be a remote risk of electric
shock from lightning.
• Do NOT expose your device to dampness, dust or corrosive liquids.
• Do NOT use this product near water, for example, in a wet basement or near a swimming pool.
• Make sure to connect the cables to the correct ports.
• Do NOT obstruct the device ventilation slots, as insufficient airflow may harm your device.
• Do NOT store things on the device.
• Connect ONLY suitable accessories to the device.
GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide
5ZyXEL Limited Warranty
ZyXEL Limited Warranty
ZyXEL warrants to the original end user (purchaser) that this product is free from any defects in materials
or workmanship for a period of up to two years from the date of purchase. During the warranty period, and
upon proof of purchase, should the product have indications of failure due to faulty workmanship and/or
materials, ZyXEL will, at its discretion, repair or replace the defective products or components without
charge for either parts or labor, and to whatever extent it shall deem necessary to restore the product or
components to proper operating condition. Any replacement will consist of a new or re-manufactured
functionally equivalent product of equal value, and will be solely at the discretion of ZyXEL. This
warranty shall not apply if the product is modified, misused, tampered with, damaged by an act of God, or
subjected to abnormal working conditions.
Note
Repair or replacement, as provided under this warranty, is the exclusive remedy of the purchaser. This
warranty is in lieu of all other warranties, express or implied, including any implied warranty of
merchantability or fitness for a particular use or purpose. ZyXEL shall in no event be held liable for
indirect or consequential damages of any kind of character to the purchaser.
To obtain the services of this warranty, contact ZyXEL's Service Center for your Return Material
Authorization number (RMA). Products must be returned Postage Prepaid. It is recommended that the unit
be insured when shipped. Any returned products without proof of purchase or those with an out-dated
warranty will be repaired or replaced (at the discretion of ZyXEL) and the customer will be billed for parts
and labor. All repaired or replaced products will be shipped by ZyXEL to the corresponding return address,
Postage Paid. This warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may also have other rights that vary
from country to country.
Registration
Register your product online to receive e-mail notices of firmware upgrades and information at
www.zyxel.com for global products, or at www.us.zyxel.com for North American products.
GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide
Customer Support 6
Customer Support
Please have the following information ready when you contact customer support.
• Product model and serial number.
• Warranty Information.
• Date that you received your device.
• Brief description of the problem and the steps you took to solve it.
METHOD
LOCATION
SUPPORT E-MAIL TELEPHONE* WEB SITE
REGULAR MAIL
SALES E-MAIL FAX FTP SITE
CORPORATE
HEADQUARTERS
(WORLDWIDE)
support@zyxel.com.tw +886-3-578-3942 www.zyxel.com
www.europe.zyxel.com
ZyXEL Communications Corp.
6 Innovation Road II
Science Park
Hsinchu 300
Ta i w a n
sales@zyxel.com.tw +886-3-578-2439 ftp.zyxel.com
ftp.europe.zyxel.com
CZECH REPUBLIC
info@cz.zyxel.com +420-241-091-350 www.zyxel.cz ZyXEL Communications
Czech s.r.o.
Modranská 621
143 01 Praha 4 - Modrany
Ceská Republika
info@cz.zyxel.com +420-241-091-359
DENMARK
support@zyxel.dk +45-39-55-07-00 www.zyxel.dk ZyXEL Communications A/S
Columbusvej
2860 Soeborg
Denmark
sales@zyxel.dk +45-39-55-07-07
FINLAND
support@zyxel.fi +358-9-4780-8411 www.zyxel.fi ZyXEL Communications Oy
Malminkaari 10
00700 Helsinki
Finland
sales@zyxel.fi +358-9-4780 8448
FRANCE
info@zyxel.fr +33-4-72-52-97-97 www.zyxel.fr ZyXEL France
1 rue des Vergers
Bat. 1 / C
69760 Limonest
France
+33-4-72-52-19-20
GERMANY
support@zyxel.de +49-2405-6909-0 www.zyxel.de ZyXEL Deutschland GmbH.
Adenauerstr. 20/A2 D-52146
Wuerselen
Germany
sales@zyxel.de +49-2405-6909-99
HUNGARY
support@zyxel.hu +36-1-3361649 www.zyxel.hu ZyXEL Hungary
48, Zoldlomb Str.
H-1025, Budapest
Hungary
info@zyxel.hu +36-1-3259100
KAZAKHSTAN
http://zyxel.kz/support +7-3272-590-698 www.zyxel.kz ZyXEL Kazakhstan
43, Dostyk ave.,Office 414
Dostyk Business Centre
050010, Almaty
Republic of Kazakhstan
sales@zyxel.kz +7-3272-590-689
NORTH AMERICA
support@zyxel.com 1-800-255-4101
+1-714-632-0882
www.us.zyxel.com ZyXEL Communications Inc.
1130 N. Miller St.
Anaheim
CA 92806-2001
U.S.A.
sales@zyxel.com +1-714-632-0858 ftp.us.zyxel.com
NORWAY
support@zyxel.no +47-22-80-61-80 www.zyxel.no ZyXEL Communications A/S
Nils Hansens vei 13
0667 Oslo
Norway
sales@zyxel.no +47-22-80-61-81
GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide
7Customer Support
POLAND
info@pl.zyxel.com +48 (22) 333 8250 www.pl.zyxel.com ZyXEL Communications
ul. Okrzei 1A
03-715 Warszawa
Poland
+48 (22) 333 8251
RUSSIA
http://zyxel.ru/support +7-095-542-89-29 www.zyxel.ru ZyXEL Russia
Ostrovityanova 37a Str.
Moscow, 117279
Russia
sales@zyxel.ru +7-095-542-89-25
SPAIN
support@zyxel.es +34-902-195-420 www.zyxel.es ZyXEL Communications
Arte, 21 5ª planta
28033 Madrid
Spain
sales@zyxel.es +34-913-005-345
SWEDEN
support@zyxel.se +46-31-744-7700 www.zyxel.se ZyXEL Communications A/S
Sjöporten 4, 41764 Göteborg
Sweden
sales@zyxel.se +46-31-744-7701
UKRAINE
support@ua.zyxel.com +380-44-247-69-78 www.ua.zyxel.com ZyXEL Ukraine
13, Pimonenko Str.
Kiev, 04050
Ukraine
sales@ua.zyxel.com +380-44-494-49-32
UNITED KINGDOM
support@zyxel.co.uk +44-1344 303044
08707 555779 (UK only)
www.zyxel.co.uk ZyXEL Communications UK
Ltd.,11 The Courtyard,
Eastern Road, Bracknell,
Berkshire, RG12 2XB,
United Kingdom (UK)
sales@zyxel.co.uk +44-1344 303034 ftp.zyxel.co.uk
* “+” is the (prefix) number you enter to make an international telephone call.
METHOD
LOCATION
SUPPORT E-MAIL TELEPHONE* WEB SITE
REGULAR MAIL
SALES E-MAIL FAX FTP SITE
GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide
Table of Contents 8
Table of Contents
Copyright .................................................................................................................. 2
Interference Statements and Warnings.................................................................. 3
ZyXEL Limited Warranty ......................................................................................... 5
Customer Support ................................................................................................... 6
Table of Contents..................................................................................................... 8
List of Figures ........................................................................................................ 20
List of Tables .......................................................................................................... 26
Preface.................................................................................................................... 30
Chapter 1
Getting to Know Your Switch................................................................................ 32
1.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 32
1.2 Software Features ............................................................................................. 32
1.3 Hardware Features ............................................................................................ 35
1.4 Applications ....................................................................................................... 36
1.4.1 Backbone Application ............................................................................... 36
1.4.2 Bridging Example ..................................................................................... 37
1.4.3 High Performance Switching Example ..................................................... 37
1.4.4 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Application Examples .............................................. 38
1.4.4.1 Tag-based VLAN Example ............................................................. 38
1.4.4.2 VLAN Shared Server Example ....................................................... 39
Chapter 2
Hardware Installation and Connection ................................................................ 40
2.1 Freestanding Installation ................................................................................... 40
2.2 Mounting the Switch on a Rack ........................................................................ 41
2.2.1 Rack-mounted Installation Requirements ................................................ 41
2.2.1.1 Precautions .................................................................................... 41
2.2.2 Attaching the Mounting Brackets to the Switch ........................................ 41
2.2.3 Mounting the Switch on a Rack ................................................................ 41
Chapter 3
Hardware Overview................................................................................................ 44
3.1 Front Panel Connection .................................................................................... 44
GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide
9Table of Contents
3.1.1 Console Port ........................................................................................... 45
3.1.2 Gigabit Ethernet Ports ............................................................................. 45
3.1.2.1 Default Ethernet Settings ................................................................ 45
3.1.3 SFP Slots ................................................................................................ 45
3.1.3.1 Transceiver Installation ................................................................ 46
3.1.3.2 Transceiver Removal ................................................................... 46
3.2 Rear Panel ........................................................................................................ 47
3.2.1 Power Connector ..................................................................................... 47
3.2.2 External Backup Power Supply Connector ............................................. 48
3.3 Front Panel LEDs .......................................................................................... 48
Chapter 4
The Web Configurator ........................................................................................... 50
4.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 50
4.2 System Login .................................................................................................. 50
4.3 The Status Screen ........................................................................................ 51
4.3.1 Change Your Password ........................................................................ 55
4.4 Switch Lockout ................................................................................................ 56
4.5 Resetting the Switch ....................................................................................... 56
4.5.1 Reload the Configuration File ................................................................. 57
4.6 Logging Out of the Web Configurator ............................................................... 57
4.7 Help ................................................................................................................. 58
Chapter 5
Initial Setup Example............................................................................................. 60
5.1 Overview ............................................................................................................ 60
5.1.1 Configuring an IP Interface ...................................................................... 60
5.1.2 Configuring DHCP Server Settings .......................................................... 61
5.1.3 Creating a VLAN ...................................................................................... 62
5.1.4 Setting Port VID ....................................................................................... 63
5.1.5 Enabling RIP ............................................................................................ 64
Chapter 6
System Status and Port Statistics ........................................................................ 66
6.1 Overview ............................................................................................................ 66
6.2 Port Status Summary ...................................................................................... 66
6.2.1 Port Details ............................................................................................. 67
Chapter 7
Basic Setting ......................................................................................................... 72
7.1 Overview ............................................................................................................ 72
7.2 System Information ........................................................................................... 72
7.3 General Setup ................................................................................................. 74
GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide
Table of Contents 10
7.4 Introduction to VLANs ...................................................................................... 76
7.5 IGMP Snooping ................................................................................................ 77
7.6 Switch Setup Screen ........................................................................................ 77
7.7 IP Setup ............................................................................................................ 79
7.7.1 IP Interfaces ............................................................................................ 79
7.8 Port Setup ......................................................................................................... 81
Chapter 8
VLAN ....................................................................................................................... 84
8.1 Introduction to IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLANs .................................................. 84
8.1.1 Forwarding Tagged and Untagged Frames .............................................. 84
8.2 Automatic VLAN Registration .......................................................................... 85
8.2.1 GARP ....................................................................................................... 85
8.2.1.1 GARP Timers ................................................................................. 85
8.2.2 GVRP ....................................................................................................... 85
8.3 Port VLAN Trunking ......................................................................................... 86
8.4 Select the VLAN Type ...................................................................................... 86
8.5 Static VLAN ....................................................................................................... 87
8.5.1 Static VLAN Status ................................................................................... 87
8.5.2 Configure a Static VLAN ........................................................................ 88
8.5.3 Configure VLAN Port Settings ................................................................. 90
8.6 Port-based VLANs ........................................................................................... 91
8.6.1 Configure a Port-based VLAN .................................................................. 91
Chapter 9
Static MAC Forward Setup.................................................................................... 94
9.1 Overview ............................................................................................................ 94
9.2 Configuring Static MAC Forwarding ................................................................ 94
Chapter 10
Filtering................................................................................................................... 96
10.1 Overview .......................................................................................................... 96
10.2 Configure a Filtering Rule ............................................................................... 96
Chapter 11
Spanning Tree Protocol......................................................................................... 98
11.1.1 STP Terminology ................................................................................... 98
11.1.2 How STP Works .................................................................................... 99
11.1.3 STP Port States ..................................................................................... 99
11.2 STP Status ..................................................................................................... 99
11.2.1 Configure STP ..................................................................................... 101
GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide
11 Table of Contents
Chapter 12
Bandwidth Control............................................................................................... 104
12.1 Introduction to Bandwidth Control ................................................................. 104
12.1.1 CIR and PIR ......................................................................................... 104
12.2 Bandwidth Control Setup ............................................................................... 104
Chapter 13
Broadcast Storm Control .................................................................................... 106
13.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 106
13.2 Broadcast Storm Control Setup ..................................................................... 106
Chapter 14
Mirroring ............................................................................................................... 108
14.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 108
14.2 Port Mirroring Configuration .......................................................................... 108
Chapter 15
Link Aggregation ..................................................................................................110
15.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 110
15.1.1 Dynamic Link Aggregation ................................................................. 110
15.1.2 Link Aggregation ID ..............................................................................111
15.2 Link Aggregation Status ..................................................................................111
15.3 Link Aggregation Setup ................................................................................ 112
Chapter 16
Port Authentication...............................................................................................116
16.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 116
16.1.1 RADIUS ............................................................................................... 116
16.2 Configuring Port Authentication ..................................................................... 116
16.2.1 Activating IEEE 802.1x Security ......................................................... 117
16.2.2 Configuring RADIUS Server Settings ................................................. 118
Chapter 17
Port Security......................................................................................................... 120
17.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 120
17.2 Port Security Setup ........................................................................................ 120
Chapter 18
Classifier............................................................................................................... 122
18.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 122
18.2 Configuring the Classifier .............................................................................. 122
18.3 Viewing and Editing Classifier Configuration ................................................ 125
18.4 Classifier Example ......................................................................................... 126
GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide
Table of Contents 12
Chapter 19
Policy Rule........................................................................................................... 128
19.1 Overview ....................................................................................................... 128
19.1.1 DiffServ ................................................................................................ 128
19.1.2 DSCP and Per-Hop Behavior ............................................................... 128
19.2 Configuring Policy Rules ............................................................................... 128
19.3 Viewing and Editing Policy Configuration ...................................................... 131
19.4 Policy Example .............................................................................................. 132
Chapter 20
Queuing Method................................................................................................... 134
20.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 134
20.1.1 Strict Priority Queuing (SPQ) .............................................................. 134
20.1.2 Weighted Round Robin Scheduling (WRR) ......................................... 135
20.2 Configuring Queuing ...................................................................................... 135
Chapter 21
VLAN Stacking ..................................................................................................... 138
21.1 Introduction .................................................................................................... 138
21.1.1 VLAN Stacking Example ...................................................................... 138
21.2 VLAN Stacking Port Roles ............................................................................. 139
21.3 VLAN Tag Format .......................................................................................... 139
21.3.1 Frame Format ...................................................................................... 140
21.4 Configuring VLAN Stacking ........................................................................... 141
Chapter 22
Multicast ............................................................................................................... 144
22.1.1 IP Multicast Addresses ......................................................................... 144
22.1.2 IGMP Filtering ...................................................................................... 144
22.1.3 IGMP Snooping ................................................................................... 144
22.2 Multicast Status ............................................................................................. 145
22.2.1 Multicast Setting ................................................................................... 145
22.2.2 IGMP Filtering Profile ........................................................................... 147
22.3.1 Types of MVR Ports ............................................................................. 149
22.3.2 MVR Modes ......................................................................................... 149
22.3.3 How MVR Works .................................................................................. 149
22.4 General MVR Configuration .......................................................................... 150
22.5.1 MVR Configuration Example ................................................................ 153
Chapter 23
Static Route .......................................................................................................... 156
23.1 Configuring .................................................................................................. 156
GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide
13 Table of Contents
Chapter 24
RIP ........................................................................................................................ 158
24.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 158
24.2 Configuring .................................................................................................. 158
Chapter 25
OSPF ..................................................................................................................... 160
25.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 160
25.1.1 OSPF Autonomous Systems and Areas .............................................. 160
25.1.2 How OSPF Works ................................................................................ 161
25.1.3 Interfaces and Virtual Links .................................................................. 161
25.1.4 Configuring OSPF ............................................................................... 161
25.2 OSPF Status ................................................................................................ 162
25.3 Enabling OSPF and General Settings .......................................................... 163
25.4 Configuring OSPF Areas .............................................................................. 165
25.4.1 Viewing OSPF Area Information Table ................................................. 166
25.5 Configuring OSPF Interfaces ....................................................................... 167
25.6 OSPF Virtual Links ...................................................................................... 168
Chapter 26
IGMP...................................................................................................................... 172
26.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 172
26.2 Configuring .................................................................................................. 172
Chapter 27
DVMRP .................................................................................................................. 174
27.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 174
27.2 How DVMRP Works ...................................................................................... 174
27.2.1 DVMRP Terminology ........................................................................... 175
27.3 Configuring DVMRP ..................................................................................... 175
27.3.1 DVMRP Configuration Error Messages .............................................. 176
27.4 Default DVMRP Timer Values ...................................................................... 177
Chapter 28
IP Multicast ........................................................................................................... 178
28.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 178
28.2 Configuring .................................................................................................... 178
Chapter 29
Differentiated Services........................................................................................ 180
29.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 180
29.1.1 DSCP and Per-Hop Behavior .............................................................. 180
29.1.2 DiffServ Network Example .................................................................. 180
GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide
Table of Contents 14
29.2 Activating DiffServ ........................................................................................ 181
29.3 DSCP-to-IEEE802.1p Priority Mapping ...................................................... 182
29.3.1 Configuring DSCP Settings .................................................................. 182
Chapter 30
DHCP..................................................................................................................... 184
30.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 184
30.1.1 DHCP modes ...................................................................................... 184
30.2 DHCP Server Status ...................................................................................... 184
30.3 Configuring DHCP Server ........................................................................... 185
30.3.1 DHCP Server Configuration Example .................................................. 187
30.4 DHCP Relay .................................................................................................. 187
30.4.1 DHCP Relay Agent Information ........................................................... 188
30.4.2 Configuring DHCP Relay ..................................................................... 188
30.4.3 DHCP Relay Configuration Example ................................................... 189
Chapter 31
VRRP ..................................................................................................................... 190
31.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 190
31.2 Viewing VRRP Status .................................................................................. 191
31.3 Configuring VRRP ......................................................................................... 192
31.3.1 IP Interface Setup ............................................................................... 192
31.3.2 VRRP Parameters ............................................................................... 193
31.3.2.1 Advertisement Interval ............................................................... 193
31.3.2.2 Priority ....................................................................................... 193
31.3.2.3 Preempt Mode ........................................................................... 193
31.3.3 Configuring VRRP Parameters ............................................................ 194
31.4 VRRP Configuration Summary ...................................................................... 195
31.5 VRRP Configuration Examples .................................................................... 195
31.5.1 One Subnet Network Example ............................................................ 195
31.5.2 Two Subnets Example ........................................................................ 197
Chapter 32
Maintenance ......................................................................................................... 200
32.1 The Maintenance Screen .............................................................................. 200
32.2 Firmware Upgrade ........................................................................................ 200
32.3 Restore a Configuration File ......................................................................... 201
32.4 Backing Up a Configuration File ................................................................... 201
32.5 Load Factory Defaults .................................................................................. 202
32.6 Reboot System .............................................................................................. 202
32.7 FTP Command Line ...................................................................................... 203
32.7.1 Filename Conventions ........................................................................ 203
32.7.1.1 Example FTP Commands .......................................................... 203
GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide
15 Table of Contents
32.7.2 FTP Command Line Procedure .......................................................... 204
32.7.3 GUI-based FTP Clients ........................................................................ 204
32.7.4 FTP Restrictions .................................................................................. 205
Chapter 33
Access Control..................................................................................................... 206
33.1 Overview ...................................................................................................... 206
33.2 The Access Control Main Screen .................................................................. 206
33.3 About SNMP ................................................................................................. 207
33.3.1 Supported MIBs ................................................................................. 208
33.3.2 SNMP Traps ....................................................................................... 208
33.3.3 Configuring SNMP .............................................................................. 209
33.3.4 Setting Up Login Accounts ................................................................. 209
33.4 SSH Overview ............................................................................................... 211
33.5 How SSH works ............................................................................................. 211
33.6 SSH Implementation on the Switch ............................................................... 212
33.6.1 Requirements for Using SSH ............................................................... 212
33.7 Introduction to HTTPS ................................................................................... 212
33.8 HTTPS Example ............................................................................................ 213
33.8.1 Internet Explorer Warning Messages ................................................... 213
33.8.2 Netscape Navigator Warning Messages .............................................. 214
33.8.3 The Main Screen .................................................................................. 215
33.9 Service Port Access Control ........................................................................ 217
33.10 Remote Management ................................................................................ 217
Chapter 34
Diagnostic............................................................................................................. 220
34.1 Diagnostic ..................................................................................................... 220
Chapter 35
Cluster Management............................................................................................ 222
35.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 222
35.2 Cluster Management Status ......................................................................... 223
35.2.1 Cluster Member Switch Management ................................................. 224
35.2.1.1 Uploading Firmware to a Cluster Member Switch .................... 224
35.3 Configuring Cluster Management ................................................................. 225
Chapter 36
MAC Table............................................................................................................. 228
36.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 228
36.2 Viewing the MAC Table ................................................................................. 229
GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide
Table of Contents 16
Chapter 37
IP Table ................................................................................................................. 230
37.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 230
37.2 Viewing the IP Table ..................................................................................... 231
Chapter 38
ARP Table ............................................................................................................. 232
38.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 232
38.1.1 How ARP Works .................................................................................. 232
38.2 Viewing the ARP Table ................................................................................. 232
Chapter 39
Routing Table ....................................................................................................... 234
39.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 234
39.2 Viewing the Routing Table ............................................................................ 234
Chapter 40
Introducing the Commands .............................................................................. 236
40.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 236
40.1.1 Switch Configuration File ..................................................................... 236
40.2 Accessing the CLI .......................................................................................... 236
40.2.1 Access Priority .................................................................................... 237
40.2.2 The Console Port ................................................................................. 237
40.2.2.1 Initial Screen ............................................................................... 237
40.2.3 Telnet ................................................................................................... 237
40.3 The Login Screen ......................................................................................... 238
40.4 Command Syntax Conventions ..................................................................... 238
40.5 Getting Help ................................................................................................... 239
40.5.1 List of Available Commands ................................................................. 239
40.5.2 Detailed Command Information ........................................................... 240
40.6 Command Modes .......................................................................................... 240
40.7 Using Command History ................................................................................ 241
40.8 Saving Your Configuration ............................................................................. 241
40.8.1 Logging Out .......................................................................................... 242
40.9 Command Summary ...................................................................................... 242
40.9.1 User Mode ............................................................................................ 242
40.9.2 Enable Mode ........................................................................................ 243
40.9.3 General Configuration Mode ................................................................ 247
40.9.4 interface port-channel Commands ....................................................... 261
40.9.5 interface route-domain Commands ...................................................... 264
40.9.6 config-vlan Commands ........................................................................ 265
40.10 mvr Commands ........................................................................................... 266
GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide
17 Table of Contents
Chapter 41
Command Examples........................................................................................... 268
41.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 268
41.2 show Commands ........................................................................................... 268
41.2.1 show system-information .................................................................... 268
41.2.2 show hardware-monitor ........................................................................ 269
41.2.3 show ip ................................................................................................. 269
41.2.4 show logging ....................................................................................... 270
41.2.5 show interface ..................................................................................... 270
41.2.6 show mac address-table ..................................................................... 271
41.3 ping ............................................................................................................... 272
41.4 traceroute ...................................................................................................... 273
41.5 Enabling RSTP .............................................................................................. 273
41.6 Configuration File Maintenance .................................................................... 274
41.6.1 Configuration Backup ........................................................................... 274
41.6.2 Configuration Restoration ................................................................... 274
41.6.3 Using a Different Configuration File ..................................................... 275
41.6.4 Resetting to the Factory Default ........................................................... 275
41.7 no Command Examples ................................................................................ 276
41.7.1 no mirror-port ...................................................................................... 276
41.7.2 no https timeout .................................................................................... 276
41.7.3 no trunk ................................................................................................ 277
41.7.4 no port-access-authenticator ................................................................ 277
41.7.5 no ssh ................................................................................................... 278
41.8 interface Commands ..................................................................................... 278
41.8.1 interface port-channel ......................................................................... 279
41.8.2 interface route-domain ......................................................................... 279
41.8.3 bpdu-control ........................................................................................ 280
41.8.4 broadcast-limit ..................................................................................... 280
41.8.5 bandwidth-limit .................................................................................... 281
41.8.6 mirror ................................................................................................... 282
41.8.7 gvrp ..................................................................................................... 282
41.8.8 ingress-check ...................................................................................... 283
41.8.9 frame-type ........................................................................................... 283
41.8.10 spq .................................................................................................... 284
41.8.11 wrr ..................................................................................................... 284
41.8.12 egress set .......................................................................................... 285
41.8.13 qos priority .......................................................................................... 285
41.8.14 name .................................................................................................. 286
41.8.15 speed-duplex ...................................................................................... 286
GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide
Table of Contents 18
Chapter 42
IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLAN Commands ............................................................. 288
42.1 IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLAN Overview .......................................................... 288
42.2 VLAN Databases ........................................................................................... 288
42.2.1 Static Entries (SVLAN Table) ............................................................... 288
42.2.2 Dynamic Entries (DVLAN Table) .......................................................... 289
42.3 Configuring Tagged VLAN ............................................................................. 289
42.4 Global VLAN1Q Tagged VLAN Configuration Commands ............................ 290
42.4.1 GARP Status ........................................................................................ 290
42.4.2 GARP Timer ........................................................................................ 290
42.4.3 GVRP Timer ......................................................................................... 291
42.4.4 Enable GVRP ....................................................................................... 291
42.4.5 Disable GVRP ...................................................................................... 292
42.5 Port VLAN Commands .................................................................................. 292
42.5.1 Set Port VID ........................................................................................ 292
42.5.2 Set Acceptable Frame Type ................................................................. 292
42.5.3 Enable or Disable Port GVRP .............................................................. 293
42.5.4 Modify Static VLAN ............................................................................. 293
42.5.4.1 Modify a Static VLAN Table Example ......................................... 294
42.5.4.2 Forwarding Process Example ..................................................... 294
42.5.5 Delete VLAN ID .................................................................................... 294
42.6 Enable VLAN ................................................................................................ 295
42.7 Disable VLAN ................................................................................................ 295
42.8 Show VLAN Setting ...................................................................................... 295
Chapter 43
Troubleshooting................................................................................................... 298
43.1 Problems Starting Up the Switch ................................................................... 298
43.2 Problems Accessing the Switch .................................................................... 298
43.2.1 Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions ......................... 299
43.2.1.1 Internet Explorer Pop-up Blockers .............................................. 299
43.2.1.2 JavaScripts ................................................................................. 302
43.2.1.3 Java Permissions ....................................................................... 304
43.3 Problems with the Password ......................................................................... 306
Appendix A
Product Specifications ........................................................................................ 308
Appendix B
IP Subnetting........................................................................................................ 312
Index...................................................................................................................... 320
GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide
19 Table of Contents
GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide
List of Figures 20
List of Figures
Figure 1 Backbone Application .............................................................................. 37
Figure 2 Bridging Application ................................................................................ 37
Figure 3 High Performance Switched Workgroup Application ............................... 38
Figure 4 Tag-based VLAN Application ................................................................... 39
Figure 5 Shared Server Using VLAN Example ...................................................... 39
Figure 6 Attaching Rubber Feet ........................................................................... 40
Figure 7 Attaching the Mounting Brackets ............................................................. 41
Figure 8 Mounting the Switch on a Rack .............................................................. 42
Figure 9 Front Panel: GS-4024 ............................................................................ 44
Figure 10 Front Panel: GS-4012F ........................................................................ 44
Figure 11 Transceiver Installation Example ........................................................... 46
Figure 12 Installed Transceiver ........................................................................... 46
Figure 13 Opening the Transceiver’s Latch Example ............................................ 46
Figure 14 Transceiver Removal Example .............................................................. 47
Figure 15 Rear Panel: GS-4012F .......................................................................... 47
Figure 16 Rear Panel: GS-4024 ............................................................................ 47
Figure 17 Read Panel: GS-4012F (DC Model) ...................................................... 47
Figure 18 Web Configurator: Login ........................................................................ 51
Figure 19 Web Configurator Home Screen (Status) .............................................. 51
Figure 20 Change Administrator Login Password ................................................. 56
Figure 21 Resetting the Switch: Via the Console Port ........................................... 57
Figure 22 Web Configurator: Logout Screen ......................................................... 58
Figure 23 Initial Setup Network Example: IP Interface .......................................... 60
Figure 24 Initial Setup Network Example: VLAN ................................................... 62
Figure 25 Initial Setup Network Example: Port VID ............................................... 63
Figure 26 Status .................................................................................................... 66
Figure 27 Status: Port Details ................................................................................ 68
Figure 28 System Info ........................................................................................... 73
Figure 29 General Setup ....................................................................................... 75
Figure 30 Switch Setup ......................................................................................... 77
Figure 31 IP Setup .................................................................................................. 80
Figure 32 Port Setup ............................................................................................. 82
Figure 33 Port VLAN Trunking ............................................................................... 86
Figure 34 Switch Setup: Select VLAN Type .......................................................... 87
Figure 35 VLAN: VLAN Status ............................................................................... 87
Figure 36 VLAN: Static VLAN ............................................................................... 89
Figure 37 VLAN: VLAN Port Setting ...................................................................... 90
Figure 38 Port Based VLAN Setup (All Connected) .............................................. 92
GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide
21 List of Figures
Figure 39 Port Based VLAN Setup (Port Isolation) ............................................... 92
Figure 40 Static MAC Forwarding .......................................................................... 94
Figure 41 Filtering .................................................................................................. 96
Figure 42 Spanning Tree Protocol: Status ............................................................. 100
Figure 43 Spanning Tree Protocol: Configuration .................................................. 101
Figure 44 Bandwidth Control ................................................................................. 105
Figure 45 Broadcast Storm Control ....................................................................... 106
Figure 46 Mirroring ................................................................................................ 108
Figure 47 Link Aggregation Control Protocol Status ............................................. 111
Figure 48 Link Aggregation Control Protocol: Configuration ................................. 113
Figure 49 RADIUS Server .................................................................................... 116
Figure 50 Port Authentication ................................................................................ 117
Figure 51 Port Authentication: 802.1x ................................................................... 117
Figure 52 Port Authentication: RADIUS ................................................................ 118
Figure 53 Port Security .......................................................................................... 120
Figure 54 Classifier ................................................................................................ 123
Figure 55 Classifier: Summary Table ..................................................................... 125
Figure 56 Classifier: Example ................................................................................ 127
Figure 57 Policy .................................................................................................... 129
Figure 58 Policy: Summary Table .......................................................................... 131
Figure 59 Policy Example ...................................................................................... 133
Figure 60 Queuing Method .................................................................................... 135
Figure 61 VLAN Stacking Example ....................................................................... 139
Figure 62 VLAN Stacking ...................................................................................... 141
Figure 63 Multicast: Status .................................................................................... 145
Figure 64 Multicast: Setting ................................................................................... 146
Figure 65 Multicast: Setting: IGMP Filtering Profile ............................................... 147
Figure 66 MVR Network Example ......................................................................... 149
Figure 67 MVR Multicast Television Example ....................................................... 150
Figure 68 Multicast: Setting: MVR ......................................................................... 150
Figure 69 MVR: Group Configuration .................................................................... 152
Figure 70 MVR Configuration Example ................................................................. 153
Figure 71 MVR Configuration Example ................................................................. 153
Figure 72 MVR Group Configuration Example ..................................................... 154
Figure 73 MVR Group Configuration Example ...................................................... 154
Figure 74 Static Routing ........................................................................................ 156
Figure 75 RIP ........................................................................................................ 159
Figure 76 OSPF Network Example ........................................................................ 161
Figure 77 OSPF Status .......................................................................................... 162
Figure 78 OSPF Configuration: Activating and General Settings .......................... 164
Figure 79 OSPF Configuration: Area Setup .......................................................... 165
Figure 80 OSPF Configuration: Summary Table ................................................... 166
Figure 81 OSPF Interface ...................................................................................... 167
GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide
List of Figures 22
Figure 82 OSPF Virtual Link .................................................................................. 169
Figure 83 IGMP ..................................................................................................... 172
Figure 84 How DVMRP Works .............................................................................. 175
Figure 85 DVMRP ................................................................................................. 175
Figure 86 DVMRP: IGMP/RIP Not Set Error ......................................................... 176
Figure 87 DVMRP: Unable to Disable IGMP Error ................................................ 176
Figure 88 DVMRP: Duplicate VID Error Message ................................................. 177
Figure 89 IP Multicast ............................................................................................ 178
Figure 90 DiffServ: Differentiated Service Field ..................................................... 180
Figure 91 DiffServ Network Example ..................................................................... 181
Figure 92 DiffServ .................................................................................................. 181
Figure 93 DiffServ: DSCP Setting .......................................................................... 182
Figure 94 DHCP: DHCP Server Status ................................................................. 185
Figure 95 DHCP: Server ....................................................................................... 186
Figure 96 DHCP Server Network Example ........................................................... 187
Figure 97 DHCP Server Configuration Example ................................................... 187
Figure 98 DHCP: Relay ......................................................................................... 188
Figure 99 DHCP Relay Network Example ............................................................. 189
Figure 100 DHCP Relay Configuration Example ................................................... 189
Figure 101 VRRP: Example 1 ............................................................................... 190
Figure 102 VRRP Status ....................................................................................... 191
Figure 103 VRRP Configuration: IP Interface ........................................................ 192
Figure 104 VRRP Configuration: VRRP Parameters ............................................ 194
Figure 105 VRRP Configuration: Summary ........................................................... 195
Figure 106 VRRP Configuration Example: One Virtual Router Network ............... 196
Figure 107 VRRP Example 1: VRRP Parameter Settings on Switch A ................. 196
Figure 108 VRRP Example 1: VRRP Parameter Settings on Switch B ................. 196
Figure 109 VRRP Example 1: VRRP Status on Switch A ..................................... 197
Figure 110 VRRP Example 1: VRRP Status on Switch B ...................................... 197
Figure 111 VRRP Configuration Example: Two Virtual Router Network ................ 197
Figure 112 VRRP Example 2: VRRP Parameter Settings for VR2 on Switch A ....198
Figure 113 VRRP Example 2: VRRP Parameter Settings for VR2 on Switch B ....198
Figure 114 VRRP Example 2: VRRP Status on Switch A ...................................... 198
Figure 115 VRRP Example 2: VRRP Status on Switch B ...................................... 198
Figure 116 Maintenance ....................................................................................... 200
Figure 117 Firmware Upgrade .............................................................................. 200
Figure 118 Restore Configuration .......................................................................... 201
Figure 119 Backup Configuration .......................................................................... 201
Figure 120 Load Factory Default: Conformation ................................................... 202
Figure 121 Load Factory Default: Start .................................................................. 202
Figure 122 Reboot System: Confirmation ............................................................. 202
Figure 123 Reboot System: Start .......................................................................... 203
Figure 124 Console Port Priority ........................................................................... 206
GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide
23 List of Figures
Figure 125 Access Control .................................................................................... 207
Figure 126 SNMP Management Model ................................................................ 207
Figure 127 Access Control: SNMP ........................................................................ 209
Figure 128 Access Control: Logins ........................................................................ 210
Figure 129 SSH Communication Example ............................................................. 211
Figure 130 How SSH Works ................................................................................... 211
Figure 131 HTTPS Implementation ........................................................................ 213
Figure 132 Security Alert Dialog Box (Internet Explorer) ........................................ 214
Figure 133 Security Certificate 1 (Netscape) .......................................................... 214
Figure 134 Security Certificate 2 (Netscape) .......................................................... 215
Figure 135 Login Screen (Internet Explorer) .......................................................... 216
Figure 136 Login Screen (Netscape) ...................................................................... 216
Figure 137 Access Control: Service Access Control ............................................. 217
Figure 138 Access Control: Remote Management ................................................ 218
Figure 139 Diagnostic ............................................................................................ 220
Figure 140 Clustering Application Example ........................................................... 222
Figure 141 Cluster Management: Status ............................................................... 223
Figure 142 Cluster Management: Cluster Member Web Configurator Screen ...... 224
Figure 143 Example: Uploading Firmware to a Cluster Member Switch ............... 225
Figure 144 Clustering Management Configuration ............................................... 226
Figure 145 MAC Table Flowchart .......................................................................... 228
Figure 146 MAC Table ........................................................................................... 229
Figure 147 IP Table Flowchart ............................................................................... 230
Figure 148 IP Table ............................................................................................... 231
Figure 149 ARP Table ........................................................................................... 233
Figure 150 Routing Table Status ........................................................................... 234
Figure 151 Initial Console Port Screen ................................................................... 237
Figure 152 CLI: Login Screen ................................................................................ 238
Figure 153 CLI Help: List of Commands: Example 1 ............................................ 239
Figure 154 CLI Help: List of Commands: Example 2 ............................................ 240
Figure 155 CLI Help: Detailed Command Information: Example 1 ........................ 240
Figure 156 CLI: Help: Detailed Command Information: Example 2 ....................... 240
Figure 157 CLI: History Command Example ......................................................... 241
Figure 158 CLI: write memory ............................................................................... 241
Figure 159 show system-information Command Example .................................... 268
Figure 160 show hardware-monitor Command Example ...................................... 269
Figure 161 show ip Command Example ................................................................ 270
Figure 162 show logging Command Example ....................................................... 270
Figure 163 show interface Command Example ..................................................... 271
Figure 164 show mac address-table Command Example ..................................... 272
Figure 165 ping Command Example ..................................................................... 272
Figure 166 traceroute Command Example ............................................................ 273
Figure 167 Enable RSTP Command Example ...................................................... 274
GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide
List of Figures 24
Figure 168 CLI: Backup Configuration Example ................................................... 274
Figure 169 CLI: Restore Configuration Example ................................................... 275
Figure 170 CLI: boot config Command Example ................................................... 275
Figure 171 CLI: reload config Command Example ................................................ 275
Figure 172 CLI: Reset to the Factory Default Example ......................................... 276
Figure 173 no mirror-port Command Example ...................................................... 276
Figure 174 no https timeout Command Example .................................................. 276
Figure 175 no trunk Command Example ............................................................... 277
Figure 176 no port-access-authenticator Command Example .............................. 278
Figure 177 no ssh Command Example ................................................................. 278
Figure 178 interface Command Example .............................................................. 279
Figure 179 interface Command Example .............................................................. 280
Figure 180 interface bpdu-control Command Example ......................................... 280
Figure 181 broadcast-limit Command Example .................................................... 281
Figure 182 bandwidth-limit Command Example .................................................... 281
Figure 183 mirror Command Example .................................................................. 282
Figure 184 gvrp Command Example ..................................................................... 283
Figure 185 ingress-check Command Example ...................................................... 283
Figure 186 frame-type Command Example ........................................................... 284
Figure 187 spq Command Example ...................................................................... 284
Figure 188 wrr Command Example ....................................................................... 285
Figure 189 egress set Command Example ........................................................... 285
Figure 190 qos priority Command Example .......................................................... 286
Figure 191 name Command Example ................................................................... 286
Figure 192 speed-duplex Command Example ...................................................... 286
Figure 193 Tagged VLAN Configuration and Activation Example ......................... 289
Figure 194 CPU VLAN Configuration and Activation Example ............................. 290
Figure 195 GARP STATUS Command Example ................................................... 290
Figure 196 GARP Timer Command Example ......................................................... 291
Figure 197 GVRP Status Command Example ....................................................... 291
Figure 198 vlan1q port default vid Command Example ......................................... 292
Figure 199 frame type Command Example ........................................................... 293
Figure 200 no gvrp Command Example ................................................................ 293
Figure 201 Modifying Static VLAN Example .......................................................... 294
Figure 202 no vlan Command Example ................................................................ 295
Figure 203 show vlan Command Example ............................................................ 296
Figure 204 Pop-up Blocker ..................................................................................... 299
Figure 205 Internet Options ................................................................................... 300
Figure 206 Internet Options .................................................................................... 301
Figure 207 Pop-up Blocker Settings ....................................................................... 302
Figure 208 Internet Options .................................................................................... 303
Figure 209 Security Settings - Java Scripting ......................................................... 304
Figure 210 Security Settings - Java ........................................................................ 305
GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide
25 List of Figures
Figure 211 Java (Sun) ............................................................................................ 306
GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide
List of Tables 26
List of Tables
Table 1 Front Panel ............................................................................................... 44
Table 2 Front Panel LEDs ...................................................................................... 48
Table 3 Navigation Panel Sub-links Overview ....................................................... 52
Table 4 Web Configurator Screen Sub-links Details .............................................. 53
Table 5 Navigation Panel Links ............................................................................. 53
Table 6 Status ........................................................................................................ 67
Table 7 Status: Port Details .................................................................................... 68
Table 8 System Info ............................................................................................... 73
Table 9 General Setup ........................................................................................... 75
Table 10 Switch Setup ........................................................................................... 78
Table 11 IP Setup ................................................................................................... 80
Table 12 Port Setup ............................................................................................... 82
Table 13 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Terminology ............................................................ 85
Table 14 VLAN: VLAN Status ................................................................................ 88
Table 15 VLAN: Static VLAN ................................................................................. 89
Table 16 VLAN: VLAN Port Setting ....................................................................... 90
Table 17 Port Based VLAN Setup ......................................................................... 93
Table 18 Static MAC Forwarding ........................................................................... 95
Table 19 FIltering ................................................................................................... 96
Table 20 STP Path Costs ...................................................................................... 98
Table 21 STP Port States ...................................................................................... 99
Table 22 Spanning Tree Protocol: Status ............................................................... 100
Table 23 Spanning Tree Protocol: Configuration ................................................... 101
Table 24 Bandwidth Control ................................................................................... 105
Table 25 Broadcast Storm Control ......................................................................... 107
Table 26 Mirroring .................................................................................................. 109
Table 27 Link Aggregation ID: Local Switch .......................................................... 111
Table 28 Link Aggregation ID: Peer Switch ........................................................... 111
Table 29 Link Aggregation Control Protocol: Status .............................................. 112
Table 30 Link Aggregation Control Protocol: Configuration ................................... 113
Table 31 Port Authentication: 802.1x ..................................................................... 117
Table 32 Port Authentication: RADIUS .................................................................. 118
Table 33 Port Security ........................................................................................... 121
Table 34 Classifier ................................................................................................. 123
Table 35 Classifier: Summary Table ...................................................................... 125
Table 36 Common Ethernet Types and Protocol Number ..................................... 125
Table 37 Common IP Ports .................................................................................... 126
Table 38 Policy ...................................................................................................... 130
GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide
27 List of Tables
Table 39 Policy: Summary Table ........................................................................... 131
Table 40 Physical Queue Priority ........................................................................... 134
Table 41 Queuing Method ..................................................................................... 136
Table 42 VLAN Tag Format ................................................................................... 139
Table 43 Single and Double Tagged 802.11Q Frame Format ................................ 140
Table 44 802.1Q Frame ......................................................................................... 140
Table 45 VLAN Stacking ........................................................................................ 141
Table 46 Multicast: Status ...................................................................................... 145
Table 47 Multicast: Setting ..................................................................................... 146
Table 48 Multicast: Setting: IGMP Filtering Profile ................................................ 148
Table 49 Multicast: Setting: MVR ........................................................................... 151
Table 50 Multicast: Setting: MVR: Group Configuration ........................................ 152
Table 51 Static Routing .......................................................................................... 156
Table 52 RIP .......................................................................................................... 159
Table 53 OSPF vs. RIP .......................................................................................... 160
Table 54 OSPF: Router Types ............................................................................... 160
Table 55 OSPF Status ........................................................................................... 162
Table 56 OSPF Status: Common Output Fields .................................................... 163
Table 57 OSPF Configuration: Activating and General Settings ........................... 164
Table 58 OSPF Configuration: Area Setup ............................................................ 165
Table 59 OSPF Configuration: Summary Table ..................................................... 166
Table 60 OSPF Interface ....................................................................................... 167
Table 61 OSPF Virtual Link .................................................................................... 169
Table 62 IGMP ....................................................................................................... 172
Table 63 DVMRP ................................................................................................... 176
Table 64 DVMRP: Default Timer Values ................................................................ 177
Table 65 IP Multicast ............................................................................................. 179
Table 66 DiffServ ................................................................................................... 181
Table 67 Default DSCP-IEEE802.1p Mapping ...................................................... 182
Table 68 DiffServ: DSCP Setting ........................................................................... 183
Table 69 DHCP: DHCP Server Status ................................................................... 185
Table 70 DHCP: Server ......................................................................................... 186
Table 71 DHCP: Relay ........................................................................................... 188
Table 72 VRRP Status ........................................................................................... 191
Table 73 VRRP Configuration: IP Interface ........................................................... 193
Table 74 VRRP Configuration: VRRP Parameters ................................................ 194
Table 75 VRRP Configuring: VRRP Parameters ................................................... 195
Table 76 Filename Conventions ............................................................................ 203
Table 77 Access Control Overview ........................................................................ 206
Table 78 SNMP Commands .................................................................................. 208
Table 79 SNMP Traps ............................................................................................ 208
Table 80 Access Control: SNMP ........................................................................... 209
Table 81 Access Control: Logins ........................................................................... 210
GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide
List of Tables 28
Table 82 Access Control: Service Access Control ................................................. 217
Table 83 Access Control: Remote Management ................................................... 218
Table 84 Diagnostic ............................................................................................... 220
Table 85 ZyXEL Clustering Management Specifications ....................................... 222
Table 86 Cluster Management: Status ................................................................... 223
Table 87 FTP Upload to Cluster Member Example ............................................... 225
Table 88 Clustering Management Configuration ................................................... 226
Table 89 MAC Table .............................................................................................. 229
Table 90 IP Table ................................................................................................... 231
Table 91 ARP Table ............................................................................................... 233
Table 92 Routing Table Status ............................................................................... 234
Table 93 Command Summary: User Mode .......................................................... 242
Table 94 Command Summary: Enable Mode ........................................................ 243
Table 95 Command Summary: Configuration Mode .............................................. 247
Table 96 interface port-channel Commands .......................................................... 261
Table 97 interface route-domain Commands ......................................................... 264
Table 98 Command Summary: config-vlan Commands ........................................ 265
Table 99 Command Summary: mvr Commands .................................................... 266
Table 100 Troubleshooting the Start-Up of Your Switch ........................................ 298
Table 101 Troubleshooting Accessing the Switch ................................................. 298
Table 102 Troubleshooting the Password .............................................................. 306
Table 103 General Product Specifications ............................................................. 308
Table 104 Management Specifications .................................................................. 309
Table 105 Physical and Environmental Specifications ........................................... 310
Table 106 Classes of IP Addresses ....................................................................... 312
Table 107 Allowed IP Address Range By Class .................................................... 313
Table 108 “Natural” Masks .................................................................................... 313
Table 109 Alternative Subnet Mask Notation ......................................................... 314
Table 110 Two Subnets Example ........................................................................... 314
Table 111 Subnet 1 ................................................................................................ 315
Table 112 Subnet 2 ................................................................................................ 315
Table 113 Subnet 1 ................................................................................................ 316
Table 114 Subnet 2 ................................................................................................ 316
Table 115 Subnet 3 ................................................................................................ 316
Table 116 Subnet 4 ................................................................................................ 317
Table 117 Eight Subnets ........................................................................................ 317
Table 118 Class C Subnet Planning ...................................................................... 317
Table 119 Class B Subnet Planning ....................................................................... 318
GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide
29 List of Tables
GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide
Preface 30
Preface
Congratulations on your purchase of the GS-4012F/4024 Ethernet Switch.
This preface introduces you to the GS-4012F/4024 Ethernet Switch and discusses the
conventions of this User’s Guide. It also provides information on other related documentation.
There are two GS-4012F models. The GS-4012F DC model requires DC power supply input
of -48 VDC or -60 VDC, 1.2A Max. The GS-4012F AC model requires 100~240VAC/1.5A
power.
About This User's Guide
This manual is designed to guide you through the installation and configuration of your
GS-4012F/4024 for its various applications.
Related Documentation
• Web Configurator Online Help
Embedded web help for descriptions of individual screens and supplementary
information.
• ZyXEL Glossary and Web Site
Please refer to www.zyxel.com for an online glossary of networking terms and additional
support documentation.
Syntax Conventions
• “Enter” means for you to type one or more characters. “Select” or “Choose” means for
you to use one of the predefined choices.
• Command and arrow keys are enclosed in square brackets. [ENTER] means the Enter, or
carriage return key; [ESC] means the Escape key and [SPACE BAR] means the Space Bar.
• Mouse action sequences are denoted using a comma. For example, “click the Apple icon,
Control Panels and then Modem” means first click the Apple icon, then point your
mouse pointer to Control Panels and then click Modem.
• For brevity’s sake, we will use “e.g.,” as a shorthand for “for instance”, and “i.e.,” for
“that is” or “in other words” throughout this manual.
• The GS-4012F/4024 Ethernet Switch may be referred to as “the switch” in this User’s
Guide.
GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide
31 Preface
Graphics Icons Key
User Guide Feedback
Help us help you. E-mail all User Guide-related comments, questions or suggestions for
improvement to techwriters@zyxel.com.tw or send regular mail to The Technical Writing
Team, ZyXEL Communications Corp., 6 Innovation Road II, Science-Based Industrial Park,
Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan. Thank you.
GS-4012F/4024 Computer Server
Computer DSLAM Gateway
Central Office/ ISP Internet Hub/Switch
GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide
Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch 32
CHAPTER 1
Getting to Know Your Switch
This chapter introduces the main features and applications of the switch.
1.1 Introduction
Your switch is a stand-alone layer-3 Gigabit Ethernet switch. By integrating router functions,
the switch performs wire-speed layer-3 routing in addition to layer-2 switching.
The GS-4024 comes with 24 Gigabit Ethernet ports and four Gigabit/mini-GBIC ports
The GS-4012F comes with with 12 min-GBIC slots and four Gigabit/mini-GBIC ports. There
are two GS-4012F models. The GS-4012F DC model requires DC power supply input of -48
VDC or -60 VDC, 1.2A Max. The GS-4012F AC model requires 100~240VAC/1.5A power.
With its built-in web configurator, managing and configuring the switch is easy. In addition,
the switch can also be managed via Telnet, any terminal emulator program on the console port,
or third-party SNMP management.
1.2 Software Features
This section describes the general software features of the switch.
IP Routing Domain
An IP interface (also known as an IP routing domain) is not bound to a physical port.
Configure an IP routing domain to allow the switch to route traffic between different
networks.
DHCP
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol RFC 2131 and RFC 2132) allows individual
computers to obtain TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a server. You can configure the
switch as a DHCP server or disable it. When configured as a server, the switch provides the
TCP/IP configuration for the clients. If you disable the DHCP service, you must have another
DHCP server on your LAN, or else the computer must be manually configured.
GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide
33 Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch
VLAN
A VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) allows a physical network to be partitioned into
multiple logical networks. Devices on a logical network belong to one group. A device can
belong to more than one group. With VLAN, a device cannot directly talk to or hear from
devices that are not in the same group(s); the traffic must first go through a router.
VLAN Stacking
Use VLAN stacking to add an outer VLAN tag to the inner IEEE 802.1Q tagged frames that
enter the network. By tagging the tagged frames (“double-tagged” frames), the service
provider can manage up to 4,094 VLAN groups with each group containing up to 4,094
customer VLANs. This allows a service provider to provide different service, based on
specific VLANs, for many different customers.
Differentiated Services (DiffServ)
With DiffServ, the switch marks packets so that they receive specific per-hop treatment at
DiffServ-compliant network devices along the route based on the application types and traffic
flow.
Classifier and Policy
You can create a policy to define actions to be performed on a traffic flow grouped by a
classifier according to specific criteria such as the IP address, port number or protocol type,
etc..
Queuing
Queuing is used to help solve performance degradation when there is network congestion.
Two scheduling services are supported: Strict Priority Queuing (SPQ) and Weighted Round
Robin (WRR). This allows the switch to maintain separate queues for packets from each
individual source or flow and prevent a source from monopolizing the bandwidth.
Port Mirroring
Port mirroring allows you to copy traffic going from one or all ports to another or all ports in
order that you can examine the traffic from the mirror port (the port you copy the traffic to)
without interference.
Static Route
Static routes tell the switch how to forward IP traffic when you configure the TCP/IP
parameters manually.
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Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch 34
IGMP
IGMP (Internet Group Multicast Protocol) is a session-layer protocol used to establish
membership in a multicast group - it is not used to carry user data.
IGMP Snooping
The switch supports IGMP snooping enabling group multicast traffic to be only forwarded to
ports that are members of that group; thus allowing you to significantly reduce multicast
traffic passing through your switch.
IP Multicast
With IP multicast, the switch delivers IP packets to a group of hosts on the network - not
everybody. In addition, the switch can send packets to Ethernet devices that are not VLAN-
aware by untagging (removing the VLAN tags) IP multicast packets.
Multicast VLAN Registration (MVR)
Multicast VLAN Registration (MVR) is designed for applications (such as Media-on-Demand
(MoD)) using multicast traffic across a network. MVR allows one single multicast VLAN to
be shared among different subscriber VLANs on the network.
This improves bandwidth utilization by reducing multicast traffic in the subscriber VLANs
and simplifies multicast group management.
RIP
RIP (Routing Information Protocol allows a routing device to exchange routing information
with other routers.
OSPF
OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) is a link-state protocol designed to distribute routing
information within an autonomous system (AS). An autonomous system is a collection of
networks using a common routing protocol to exchange routing information. OSPF is best
suited for large networks.
DVMRP
DVMRP (Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol) is a protocol used for routing multicast
data within an autonomous system (AS). DVMRP provides multicast forwarding capability to
a layer 3 switch that runs both the IPv4 protocol (with IP Multicast support) and the IGMP
protocol.
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35 Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch
VRRP
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP), defined in RFC 2338, allows you to create
redundant backup gateways to ensure that the default gateway of a host is always available.
STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) / RSTP (Rapid STP)
(R)STP detects and breaks network loops and provides backup links between switches,
bridges or routers. It allows a switch to interact with other (R)STP -compliant switches in your
network to ensure that only one path exists between any two stations on the network.
Link Aggregation
Link aggregation (trunking) is the grouping of physical ports into one logical higher-capacity
link. You may want to trunk ports if for example, it is cheaper to use multiple lower-speed
links than to under-utilize a high-speed, but more costly, single-port link.
Port Authentication and Security
For security, the switch allows authentication using IEEE 802.1x with an external RADIUS
server and port security that allows only packets with dynamically learned MAC addresses
and/or configured static MAC addresses to pass through a port on the switch.
Maintenance and Management Features
• Access Control
You can specify the service(s) and computer IP address(es) to control access to the switch
for management.
• Cluster Management
Cluster management (also known as iStacking) allows you to manage switches through
one switch, called the cluster manager. The switches must be directly connected and be in
the same VLAN group so as to be able to communicate with one another.
• Configuration and Firmware Maintenance
You can backup or restore the switch configuration or upgrade the firmware on the
switch.
1.3 Hardware Features
This section describes the ports on the switch.
Mini-GBIC Slots
Install SPF transceivers in these slots to connect to other Ethernet switches at longer distances
than the Ethernet port.
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Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch 36
Gigabit Ethernet Ports
The ports allow the switch to connect to another WAN switch or daisy-chain to other switches.
Management Port
Connect a computer to this port for management purposes. You cannot access the network
through this port.
Console Port
Use the console port for local management of the switch.
Backup Power Supply Port
Connect a backup power supply device to this port to ensure uninterrupted network connection
in the event of a power failure.
Fans
The fans cool the switch sufficiently to allow reliable operation of the switch in even poorly
ventilated rooms or basements.
Power
The GS-4012F AC model and GS-4024 require 100~240VAC/1.5A power.The GS-4012F DC
model requires DC power supply input of -48 VDC or -60 VDC, 1.2A Max.
1.4 Applications
This section shows a few examples of using the switch in various network environments.
1.4.1 Backbone Application
In this application, the switch is an ideal solution for small networks where rapid growth can
be expected in the near future.
The switch can be used standalone for a group of heavy traffic users. You can connect
computers directly to the switch’s port or connect other switches to the switch.
In this example, all computers can share high-speed applications on the server. To expand the
network, simply add more networking devices such as switches, routers, computers, print
servers etc.
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37 Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch
Figure 1 Backbone Application
1.4.2 Bridging Example
In this example application the switch connects different company departments (RD and
Sales) to the corporate backbone. It can alleviate bandwidth contention and eliminate server
and network bottlenecks. All users that need high bandwidth can connect to high-speed
department servers via the switch. You can provide a super-fast uplink connection by using a
Gigabit Ethernet/mini-GBIC port on the switch.
Moreover, the switch eases supervision and maintenance by allowing network managers to
centralize multiple servers at a single location.
Figure 2 Bridging Application
1.4.3 High Performance Switching Example
The switch is ideal for connecting two networks that need high bandwidth. In the following
example, use trunking to connect these two networks.
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Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch 38
Switching to higher-speed LANs such as ATM (Asynchronous Transmission Mode) is not
feasible for most people due to the expense of replacing all existing Ethernet cables and
adapter cards, restructuring your network and complex maintenance. The switch can provide
the same bandwidth as ATM at much lower cost while still being able to use existing adapters
and switches. Moreover, the current LAN structure can be retained as all ports can freely
communicate with each other.
Figure 3 High Performance Switched Workgroup Application
1.4.4 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Application Examples
A VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) allows a physical network to be partitioned into
multiple logical networks. Stations on a logical network belong to one group. A station can
belong to more than one group. With VLAN, a station cannot directly talk to or hear from
stations that are not in the same group(s) unless such traffic first goes through a router.
For more information on VLANs, refer to Chapter 8, “VLAN,” on page 84.
1.4.4.1 Tag-based VLAN Example
Ports in the same VLAN group share the same frame broadcast domain thus increase network
performance through reduced broadcast traffic. VLAN groups can be modified at any time by
adding, moving or changing ports without any re-cabling.
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39 Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Switch
Figure 4 Tag-based VLAN Application
1.4.4.2 VLAN Shared Server Example
Shared resources such as a server can be used by all ports in the same VLAN as the server, as
shown in the following example. In this example, only ports that need access to the server
need belong to VLAN 1. Ports can belong to other VLAN groups too.
Figure 5 Shared Server Using VLAN Example
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Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection 40
CHAPTER 2
Hardware Installation and
Connection
This chapter shows you how to install the hardware and make port connections.
Note: Example graphics are shown.
2.1 Freestanding Installation
1Make sure the switch is clean and dry.
2Set the switch on a smooth, level surface strong enough to support the weight of the
switch and the connected cables. Make sure there is a power outlet nearby.
3Make sure there is enough clearance around the switch to allow air circulation and the
attachment of cables and the power cord.
4Remove the adhesive backing from the rubber feet.
5Attach the rubber feet to each corner on the bottom of the switch. These rubber feet help
protect the switch from shock or vibration and ensure space between devices when
stacking.
Figure 6 Attaching Rubber Feet
Note: Do NOT block the ventilation holes. Leave space between devices when
stacking.
For proper ventilation, allow at least 4 inches (10 cm) of clearance at the front
and 3.4 inches (8 cm) at the back of the switch. This is especially important for
enclosed rack installations.
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41 Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection
2.2 Mounting the Switch on a Rack
This section lists the rack mounting requirements and precautions and describes the
installation steps.
2.2.1 Rack-mounted Installation Requirements
• Two mounting brackets.
• Eight M3 flat head screws and a #2 Philips screwdriver.
• Four M5 flat head screws and a #2 Philips screwdriver.
Note: Failure to use the proper screws may damage the unit.
2.2.1.1 Precautions
• Make sure the rack will safely support the combined weight of all the equipment it
contains.
• Make sure the position of the switch does not make the rack unstable or top-heavy. Take
all necessary precautions to anchor the rack securely before installing the unit.
2.2.2 Attaching the Mounting Brackets to the Switch
1Position a mounting bracket on one side of the switch, lining up the four screw holes on
the bracket with the screw holes on the side of the switch.
Figure 7 Attaching the Mounting Brackets
2Using a #2 Philips screwdriver, install the M3 flat head screws through the mounting
bracket holes into the switch.
3Repeat steps 1 and 2 to install the second mounting bracket on the other side of the
switch.
4You may now mount the switch on a rack. Proceed to the next section.
2.2.3 Mounting the Switch on a Rack
1Position a mounting bracket (that is already attached to the switch) on one side of the
rack, lining up the two screw holes on the bracket with the screw holes on the side of the
rack.
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Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection 42
Figure 8 Mounting the Switch on a Rack
2Using a #2 Philips screwdriver, install the M5 flat head screws through the mounting
bracket holes into the rack.
3Repeat steps 1 and 2 to attach the second mounting bracket on the other side of the rack.
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43 Chapter 2 Hardware Installation and Connection
GS-4012F/4024 User’s Guide
Chapter 3 Hardware Overview 44
CHAPTER 3
Hardware Overview
This chapter describes the front panel and rear panel of the switch and shows you how to make
the hardware connections.
3.1 Front Panel Connection
The figure below shows the front panel of the switch.
Figure 9 Front Panel: GS-4024
Figure 10 Front Panel: GS-4012F
The following table describes the port labels on the front panel.
Table 1 Front Panel
PORT DESCRIPTION
100/1000
Mbps RJ-45
Gigabit
Ethernet
Ports
Connect these ports to a computer, a hub, an Ethernet switch or router.
Mini-GBIC
slots
Use mini-GBIC transceivers in these slots for fiber-optical connections to backbone
Ethernet switches (see Section 3.1.3 on page 45 for instructions).
Gigabit/mini-
GBIC ports
Connect these Gigabit Ethernet ports to high-bandwidth backbone network Ethernet
switches or use them to daisy-chain other switches.
Alternatively, use mini-GBIC transceivers in these slots for fiber-optical connections to
backbone Ethernet switches.
MGMT Connect to a computer using an RJ-45 Ethernet cable for local configuration of the
switch.
CONSOLE Only connect this port if you want to configure the switch using the command line
interface (CLI) via the console port.
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3.1.1 Console Port
For local management, you can use a computer with terminal emulation software configured
to the following parameters:
• VT100 terminal emulation
• 9600 bps
• No parity, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit
• No flow control
Connect the male 9-pin end of the console cable to the console port of the switch. Connect the
female end to a serial port (COM1, COM2 or other COM port) of your computer.
3.1.2 Gigabit Ethernet Ports
The GS-4024 has 24 100/1000Mbps auto-negotiating, auto-crossover Gigabit Ethernet ports.
In 10/100/1000 Mbps Gigabit Ethernet, the speed can be 100Mbps or 1000Mbps and the
duplex mode can be half duplex (for 100 Mbps) or full duplex.
An auto-negotiating port can detect and adjust to the optimum Ethernet speed and duplex
mode (full duplex or half duplex) of the connected device.
An auto-crossover (auto-MDI/MDI-X) port automatically works with a straight-through or
crossover Ethernet cable.
3.1.2.1 Default Ethernet Settings
The factory default negotiation settings for the Ethernet ports on the switch are:
• Speed: Auto
• Duplex: Auto
• Flow control: on
3.1.3 SFP Slots
The GS-4012F comes with 12 SFP (Small Form-factor Pluggable) slots for mini-GBIC
(Gigabit Interface Converter) transceivers. A transceiver is a single unit that houses a
transmitter and a receiver. The switch does not come with transceivers. You must use
transceivers that comply with the SFP transceiver MultiSource Agreement (MSA). See the
SFF committee’s INF-8074i specification Rev 1.0 for details.
The switch has four pairs of Gigabit Ethernet/mini-GBIC ports. The mini-GBIC ports have
priority over the Gigabit ports. This means that if a mini-GBIC port and the corresponding
Gigabit port are connected at the same time, the Gigabit port will be disabled.
You can change transceivers while the switch is operating. You can use different transceivers
to connect to Ethernet switches with different types of fiber-optic connectors.
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Chapter 3 Hardware Overview 46
• Type: SFP connection interface
• Connection speed: 1 Gigabit per second (Gbps)
Note: To avoid possible eye injury, do NOT look into an operating fiber-optic module’s
connectors.
3.1.3.1 Transceiver Installation
Use the following steps to install a mini-GBIC transceiver (SFP module).
1Insert the transceiver into the slot with the exposed section of PCB board facing down.
Figure 11 Transceiver Installation Example
2Press the transceiver firmly until it clicks into place.
3The switch automatically detects the installed transceiver. Check the LEDs to verify that
it is functioning properly.
Figure 12 Installed Transceiver
3.1.3.2 Transceiver Removal
Use the following steps to remove a mini-GBIC transceiver (SFP module).
1Open the transceiver’s latch (latch styles vary).
Figure 13 Opening the Transceiver’s Latch Example
2Pull the transceiver out of the slot.
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47 Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
Figure 14 Transceiver Removal Example
3.2 Rear Panel
The following figure shows the rear panel of the switch. The rear panel contains the ventilation
holes, a connector for external backup power supply (BPS), the power receptacle and the
power switch (for DC model).
The following figure shows the rear panel of the switch. The rear panel contains a connector
for backup power supply (BPS) and the power receptacle.
Figure 15 Rear Panel: GS-4012F
Figure 16 Rear Panel: GS-4024
Figure 17 Read Panel: GS-4012F (DC Model)
3.2.1 Power Connector
Make sure you are using the correct power source as shown on the panel.
The GS-4012F DC unit requires DC power supply input of –48 VDC or -60 VDC, 1.2A Max.
To connect the power to the switch, insert the female end of power cord to the power
receptacle on the rear panel. Connect the other end of the supplied power cord to a power
outlet. Make sure that no objects obstruct the airflow of the fans.
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Chapter 3 Hardware Overview 48
3.2.2 External Backup Power Supply Connector
The backup power supply constantly monitors the status of the internal power supply. The
backup power supply automatically provides power to the switch in the event of a power
failure. Once the switch receives power from the backup power supply, it will not
automatically switch back to using the internal power supply even when the power is resumed.
3.3 Front Panel LEDs
The LEDs are located on the front panel. The following table describes the LEDs on the front
panel.
Table 2 Front Panel LEDs
LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION
BPS Green Blinking The system is receiving power from the backup power supply.
On The backup power supply is connected and active.
Off The backup power supply is not ready or not active.
PWR Green On The system is turned on.
Off The system is off.
SYS Green Blinking The system is rebooting and performing self-diagnostic tests.
On The system is on and functioning properly.
Off The power is off or the system is not ready/malfunctioning.
ALM Red On There is a hardware failure.
Off The system is functioning normally.
Gigabit Ethernet Ports
1000 Green Blinking The port is sending/receiving data.
On The link to a 1000 Mbps Ethernet network is up.
The link to a 10 Mbps Ethernet network is up when the 100 LED is
on.
Off No Ethernet device is connected to this port or the port is
transmitting at 100 Mbps.
100 Amber Blinking The port is sending/receiving data.
On The link to a 100 Mbps Ethernet network is up.
The link to a 10 Mbps Ethernet network is up when the 1000 LED
is on.
Off No Ethernet device is connected to this port or the port is
transmitting at 1000 Mbps.
Mini-GBIC (SFP) Slots
LNK Green On The port has a successful connection.
Off No Ethernet device is connected to this port.
ACT Green Blinking The port is sending or receiving data.
Off The port is not sending or receiving data.
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49 Chapter 3 Hardware Overview
MGMT Port
10 Green On The link to a 10 Mbps Ethernet network is up.
Blinking The port is receiving or transmitting data. at 10 Mbps.
Off The link to a 10 Mbps Ethernet network is up.
100 Amber On The link to a 100 Mbps Ethernet network is up.
Blinking The port is receiving or transmitting data. at 100 Mbps.
Off The link to a 100 Mbps Ethernet network is up.
Table 2 Front Panel LEDs (continued)
LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION
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Chapter 4 The Web Configurator 50
CHAPTER 4
The Web Configurator
This section introduces the configuration and functions of the web configurator.
4.1 Introduction
The web configurator is an HTML-based management interface that allows easy switch setup
and management via Internet browser. Use Internet Explorer 6.0 and later or Netscape
Navigator 7.0 and later versions. The recommended screen resolution is 1024 by 768 pixels.
In order to use the web configurator you need to allow:
• Web browser pop-up windows from your device. Web pop-up blocking is enabled by
default in Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2.
• JavaScript (enabled by default).
• Java permissions (enabled by default).
Note: Web configurator screens are similar for the switch models described in this
guide. GS-4012F screens are shown.
4.2 System Login
1Start your web browser.
2Type “http://” and the IP address of the switch (for example, the default is 192.168.1.1) in
the Location or Address field. Press [ENTER].
3The login screen appears. The default username is admin and associated default
password is 1234. The date and time display as shown if you have not configured a time
server nor manually entered a time and date in the General Setup screen.
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51 Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
Figure 18 Web Configurator: Login
4Click OK to view the first web configurator screen.
4.3 The Status Screen
The Status screen is the first screen that displays when you access the web configurator.
The following figure shows the navigating components of a web configurator screen.
Figure 19 Web Configurator Home Screen (Status)
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Chapter 4 The Web Configurator 52
In the navigation panel, click a main link to reveal a list of submenu links.
Table 3 Navigation Panel Sub-links Overview
BASIC SETTING ADVANCED
APPLICATION IP APPLICATION MANAGEMENT
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53 Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
The following table lists the various web configurator screens within the sub-links.
The following table describes the links in the navigation panel.
Table 4 Web Configurator Screen Sub-links Details
BASIC SETTING ADVANCED
APPLICATION IP APPLICATION MANAGEMENT
System Info
General Setup
Switch Setup
IP Setup
Port Setup
VLAN
VLAN Status
VLAN Port Setting
Static VLAN
Static MAC Forwarding
Filtering
Spanning Tree Protocol
Status
Spanning Tree
Protocol Configuration
Bandwidth Control
Broadcast Storm Control
Mirroring
Link Aggregation
Link Aggregation
Protocol Status
Link Aggregation
Port Authentication
RADIUS
802.1x
Static Routing
RIP
OSPF Status
OSPF Configuration
OSPF Interface
OSPF Virtual Link
IGMP
DVMRP
IP Multicast
DiffServ
DSCP Setting
DHCP Server Status
DHCP Server
DHCP Relay
VRRP
Status
VRRP Configuration
Maintenance
Firmware Upgrade
Restore Configuration
Backup Configuration
Load Factory Default
Reboot System
Access Control
SNMP
Logins
Service Access Control
Remote Management
Cluster Management Status
Cluster Management
Configuration
MAC Table
IP Table
ARP Table
Routing Table
Port Security
Classifier
Policy Rule
Queuing Method
VLAN Stacking
Multicast
IGMP Filtering Profile
MVR
Group Configuration
Table 5 Navigation Panel Links
LINK DESCRIPTION
Basic Settings
System Info This link takes you to a screen that displays general system and hardware
monitoring information.
General Setup This link takes you to a screen where you can configure general identification
information about the switch.
Switch Setup This link takes you to a screen where you can set up global switch parameters such
as VLAN type, MAC address learning, IGMP snooping, GARP and priority queues.
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Chapter 4 The Web Configurator 54
IP Setup This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the IP address, subnet
mask (necessary for switch management) and DNS (domain name server) and set
up to 64 IP routing domains.
Port Setup This link takes you to screens where you can configure settings for individual switch
ports.
Advanced Application
VLAN This link takes you to screens where you can configure port-based or 802.1Q VLAN
(depending on what you configured in the Switch Setup menu).
Static MAC
Forwarding
This link takes you to screens where you can configure static MAC addresses for a
port. These static MAC addresses do not age out.
Filtering This link takes you to a screen to set up filtering rules.
Spanning Tree
Protocol
This link takes you to screens where you can configure the STP/RSTP to prevent
network loops.
Bandwidth
Control
This link takes you to screens where you can cap the maximum bandwidth allowed
from specified source(s) to specified destination(s).
Broadcast Storm
Control
This link takes you to a screen to set up broadcast filters.
Mirroring This link takes you to screens where you can copy traffic from one port or ports to
another port in order that you can examine the traffic from the first port without
interference
Link Aggregation This link takes you to a screen where you can logically aggregate physical links to
form one logical, higher-bandwidth link.
Port
Authentication
This link takes you to a screen where you can configure RADIUS (Remote
Authentication Dial-In User Service), a protocol for user authentication that allows
you to use an external server to validate an unlimited number of users.
Port Security This link takes you to a screen where you can activate MAC address learning and
set the maximum number of MAC addresses to learn on a port.
Classifier This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the switch to group packets
based on the specified criteria.
Policy Rule This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the switch to perform
special treatment on the grouped packets.
Queuing Method This link takes you to a screen where you can configure queuing with associated
queue weights for each port.
VLAN Stacking This link takes you to a screen where you can configure VLAN stacking.
Multicast This link takes you to a screen where you can configure various multicast features
and create multicast VLANs.
IP Application
Static Route This link takes you to screens where you can configure static routes. A static route
defines how the switch should forward traffic by configuring the TCP/IP parameters
manually.
RIP This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the RIP (Routing
Information Protocol) direction and versions.
OSPF This link takes you to screens where you can view the OSPF status and configure
OSPF settings.
IGMP This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the IGMP settings.
Table 5 Navigation Panel Links (continued)
LINK DESCRIPTION
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55 Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
4.3.1 Change Your Password
After you log in for the first time, it is recommended you change the default administrator
password. Click Management, Access Control and then Logins to display the next screen.
DVMRP This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the DVMRP (Distance
Vector Multicast Routing Protocol) settings.
IP Multicast This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the switch to remove VLAN
tags from IP multicast packets on an out-going port.
DiffServ This link takes you to screens where you can enable DiffServ, configure marking
rules and set DSCP-to-IEEE802.1p mappings.
DHCP This link takes you to a screen where you can configure the DHCP settings.
VRRP This link takes you to screens where you can configure redundant virtual router for
your network.
Management
Maintenance This link takes you to screens where you can perform firmware and configuration
file maintenance as well as reboot the system.
Access Control This link takes you to screens where you can change the system login password
and configure SNMP and remote management.
Diagnostic This link takes you to screens where you can view system logs and test port(s).
Cluster
Management
This link takes you to a screen where you can configure clustering management
and view its status.
MAC Table This link takes you to a screen where you can view the MAC addresses (and types)
of devices attached to what ports and VLAN IDs.
IP Table This link takes you to a screen where you can view the IP addresses (and types) of
devices attached to what ports and VLAN IDs.
ARP Table This link takes you to a screen where you can view the MAC addresses – IP
address resolution table.
Routing Table This link takes you to a screen where you can view the routing table.
Table 5 Navigation Panel Links (continued)
LINK DESCRIPTION
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Chapter 4 The Web Configurator 56
Figure 20 Change Administrator Login Password
4.4 Switch Lockout
Note: You cannot log into the switch using the same administrator account
concurrently on different IP routing domains.
You could lock yourself (and all others) out from the switch by:
1Deleting all IP routing domains.
2Deleting all port-based VLANs with the CPU port as a member. The “CPU port” is the
management port of the switch.
3Filtering all traffic to the CPU port.
4Disabling all ports.
5Misconfiguring the text configuration file.
6Forgetting the password and/or IP address.
7Preventing all services from accessing the switch.
8Changing a service port number but forgetting it.
Note: Be careful not to lock yourself and others out of the switch.
4.5 Resetting the Switch
If you lock yourself (and others) from the switch or forget the administrator password, you
will need to reload the factory-default configuration file or reset the switch back to the factory
defaults.
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57 Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
4.5.1 Reload the Configuration File
Uploading the factory-default configuration file replaces the current configuration file with the
factory-default configuration file. This means that you will lose all previous configurations
and the speed of the console port will be reset to the default of 9600bps with 8 data bit, no
parity, one stop bit and flow control set to none. The password will also be reset to “1234” and
the IP address to 192.168.1.1.
To upload the configuration file, do the following:
1Connect to the console port using a computer with terminal emulation software. See
Section 3.1.1 on page 45 for details.
2Disconnect and reconnect the switch’s power to begin a session. When you reconnect the
switch’s power, you will see the initial screen.
3When you see the message “Press any key to enter Debug Mode within 3
seconds ...” press any key to enter debug mode.
4Type atlc after the “Enter Debug Mode” message.
5Wait for the “Starting XMODEM upload” message before activating XMODEM
upload on your terminal.
6After a configuration file upload, type atgo to restart the switch.
Figure 21 Resetting the Switch: Via the Console Port
The switch is now reinitialized with a default configuration file including the default password
of “1234”.
4.6 Logging Out of the Web Configurator
Click Logout in a screen to exit the web configurator. You have to log in with your password
again after you log out. This is recommended after you finish a management session for
security reasons.
Bootbase Version: V1.0 | 11/26/2004 15:56:35
RAM:Size = 64 Mbytes
FLASH: Intel 32M
ZyNOS Version: V3.60(LL.0)b2 | 01/18/2005 00:39:28
Press any key to enter debug mode within 3 seconds.
....................
Enter Debug Mode
GS-4012F> atlc
Starting XMODEM upload (CRC mode)....
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
Total 393216 bytes received.
Erasing..
................................................................
OK
GS-4012F> atgo
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Chapter 4 The Web Configurator 58
Figure 22 Web Configurator: Logout Screen
4.7 Help
The web configurator’s online help has descriptions of individual screens and some
supplementary information.
Click the Help link from a web configurator screen to view an online help description of that
screen.
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59 Chapter 4 The Web Configurator
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Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example 60
CHAPTER 5
Initial Setup Example
This chapter shows how to set up the switch for an example network.
5.1 Overview
The following lists the configuration steps for the example network:
• Configure an IP interface
• Configure DHCP server settings
• Create a VLAN
• Set port VLAN ID
• Enable RIP
5.1.1 Configuring an IP Interface
On a layer-3 switch, an IP interface (also known as an IP routing domain) is not bound to a
physical port. The default IP address of the switch is 192.168.1.1 with a subnet mask of
255.255.255.0.
In the example network, since the RD network is already in the same IP interface as the
switch, you don’t need to create an IP interface for it. However, if you want to have the Sales
network on a different routing domain, you need to create a new IP interface. This allows the
switch to route traffic between the RD and Sales networks.
Figure 23 Initial Setup Network Example: IP Interface
1 Connect your computer to the MGMT port that is used only for management. Make sure
your computer is in the same subnet as the MGMT port.
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2Open your web browser and enter 192.168.0.1 (the default MGMT port IP address) in
the address bar to access the web configurator. See Section 4.2 on page 50 for more
information.
3Click Basic Setting and IP
Setup in the navigation panel.
4Configure the related fields in the
IP Setup screen.
For the Sales network, enter
192.168.2.1 as the IP address and
255.255.255.0 as the subnet
mask.
5In the VID field, enter the ID of
the VLAN group to which you
want this IP interface to belong.
This is the same as the VLAN ID
you configure in the Static
VLAN screen.
6Click Add.
5.1.2 Configuring DHCP Server Settings
You can set the switch to assign network information (such as the IP address, DNS server, etc.)
to DHCP clients on the network.
For the example network, configure two DHCP client pools on the switch for the DHCP
clients in the RD and Sales networks.
1In the web configurator, click IP
Application and DHCP in the
navigation panel and click the
Server link.
2In the DHCP Server screen,
specify the ID of the VLAN to
which the DHCP clients belong,
the starting IP address pool,
subnet mask, default gateway
address and the DNS server
address(es).
3Click Add to save the settings.
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5.1.3 Creating a VLAN
VLANs confine broadcast frames to the VLAN group in which the port(s) belongs. You can
do this with port-based VLAN or tagged static VLAN with fixed port members.
In this example, you want to configure port 10 as a member of VLAN 2.
Figure 24 Initial Setup Network Example: VLAN
1Click Advanced
Application and VLAN in
the navigation panel and
click the Static VLAN link.
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2In the Static VLAN screen,
select ACTIVE, enter a
descriptive name in the Name
field and enter 2 in the VLAN
Group ID field for the Sales
network.
Note: The VLAN Group ID field in
this screen and the VID field
in the IP Setup screen refer
to the same VLAN ID.
3Since the Sales network is
connected to port 10 on the
switch, select Fixed to configure
port 10 to be a permanent
member of the VLAN only.
4To ensure that VLAN-unaware
devices (such as computers and
hubs) can receive frames
properly, clear the TX Tagging check box to set the switch to remove VLAN tags before
sending.
5Click Add to save the settings.
5.1.4 Setting Port VID
Use PVID to add a tag to incoming untagged frames received on that port so that the frames
are forwarded to the VLAN group that the tag defines.
In the example network, configure 2 as the port VID on port 10 so that any untagged frames
received on that port get sent to VLAN 2.
Figure 25 Initial Setup Network Example: Port VID
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Chapter 5 Initial Setup Example 64
1Click Advanced
Applications and VLAN
in the navigation panel.
Then click the VLAN
Port Setting link.
2Enter 2 in the PVID field
for port 10 and click
Apply to save the
settings.
5.1.5 Enabling RIP
To exchange routing information with other routing devices across different routing domains,
enable RIP (Routing Information Protocol) in the RIP screen.
1Click IP Application and RIP in the navigation panel.
2Select Both in the Direction field
to set the switch to broadcast and
receive routing information.
3In the Version field, select RIP-1
for the RIP packet format that is
universally supported.
4Click Apply to save the settings.
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Chapter 6 System Status and Port Statistics 66
CHAPTER 6
System Status and Port
Statistics
This chapter describes the system status (web configurator home page) and port details
screens.
6.1 Overview
The home screen of the web configurator displays a port statistical summary with links to each
port showing statistical details.
6.2 Port Status Summary
To view the port statistics, click Status in all web configurator screens to display the Status
screen as shown next.
Figure 26 Status
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
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6.2.1 Port Details
Click a number in the Port column in the Status screen to display individual port statistics.
Use this screen to check status and detailed performance data about an individual port on the
switch.
Table 6 Status
LABEL DESCRIPTION
System up Time This field shows how long the system has been running since the last time it was
started.
Port This identifies the Ethernet port. Click a port number to display the Port Details
screen (refer to Figure 27 on page 68).
Link This field displays the speed (either 10M for 10Mbps, 100M for 100Mbps or 1000M
for 1000Mbps) and the duplex (F for full duplex or H for half duplex). It also shows
the cable type (Copper or Fiber) for the Gigabit Ethernet/mini-GBIC ports.
State This field displays the STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) state of the port. See the
chapter on STP for details on STP states.
LACP This fields displays whether LACP (Link Aggregation Control Protocol) has been
enabled on the port.
TxPkts This field shows the number of transmitted frames on this port.
RxPkts This field shows the number of received frames on this port.
Errors This field shows the number of received errors on this port.
Tx KB/s This field shows the number of kilobytes per second transmitted on this port.
Rx KB/s This field shows the number of kilobytes per second received on this port.
Up Time This field shows the total amount of time in hours, minutes and seconds the port has
been up.
Poll Interval(s) The text box displays how often (in seconds) this screen refreshes. You may change
the refresh interval by typing a new number in the text box and then clicking Set
Interval.
Stop Click Stop to halt system statistic polling.
Clear Counter Select a port from the Port drop-down list box and then click Clear Counter to erase
the recorded statistical information for that port.
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Figure 27 Status: Port Details
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 7 Status: Port Details
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Port Info
Link This field displays the speed (either 10M for 10Mbps, 100M for 100Mbps or 1000M for
1000Mbps) and the duplex (F for full duplex or H for half duplex). It also shows the
cable type (Copper or Fiber).
Status This field shows the training state of the ports. The states are FORWARDING
(forwarding), which means the link is functioning normally or STOP (the port is stopped
to break a loop or duplicate path).
LACP This field shows if LACP is enabled on this port or not.
TxPkts This field shows the number of transmitted frames on this port
RxPkts This field shows the number of received frames on this port
Errors This field shows the number of received errors on this port.
Tx KB/s This field shows the number kilobytes per second transmitted on this port.
Rx KB/s This field shows the number of kilobytes per second received on this port.
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Up Time This field shows the total amount of time the connection has been up.
Tx Packet
The following fields display detailed information about packets transmitted.
TX Packet This field shows the number of good packets (unicast, multicast and broadcast)
transmitted.
Multicast This field shows the number of good multicast packets transmitted.
Broadcast This field shows the number of good broadcast packets transmitted.
Pause This field shows the number of 802.3x Pause packets transmitted.
Tagged This field shows the number of packets with VLAN tags transmitted.
Rx Packet
The following fields display detailed information about packets received.
RX Packet This field shows the number of good packets (unicast, multicast and broadcast)
received.
Multicast This field shows the number of good multicast packets received.
Broadcast This field shows the number of good broadcast packets received.
Pause This field shows the number of 802.3x Pause packets received.
Tagged This field shows the number of packets with VLAN tags received.
Control This field shows the number of control packets received (including those with CRC
error) but it does not include the 802.3x Pause packets.
TX Collision
The following fields display information on collisions while transmitting.
Single This is a count of successfully transmitted packets for which transmission is inhibited
by exactly one collision.
Multiple This is a count of successfully transmitted packets for which transmission was inhibited
by more than one collision.
Excessive This is a count of packets for which transmission failed due to excessive collisions.
Excessive collision is defined as the number of maximum collisions before the
retransmission count is reset.
Late This is the number of times a late collision is detected, that is, after 512 bits of the
packets have already been transmitted.
Error Packet The following fields display detailed information about packets received that were in
error.
RX CRC This field shows the number of packets received with CRC (Cyclic Redundant Check)
error(s).
Length This field shows the number of packets received with a length that was out of range.
Runt This field shows the number of packets received that were too short (shorter than 64
octets), including the ones with CRC errors.
Distribution
64 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were 64
octets in length.
65-127 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
between 65 and 127 octets in length.
128-255 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
between 128 and 255 octets in length.
Table 7 Status: Port Details (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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256-511 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
between 256 and 511 octets in length.
512-1023 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
between 512 and 1023 octets in length.
1024-1518 This field shows the number of packets (including bad packets) received that were
between 1024 and 1518 octets in length.
Giant This field shows the number of packets dropped because they were bigger than the
maximum frame size.
Poll Interval(s) The text box displays how often (in seconds) this screen refreshes. You may change
the refresh interval by typing a new number in the text box and then clicking Set
Interval.
Stop Click Stop to stop port statistic polling.
Table 7 Status: Port Details (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Chapter 7 Basic Setting 72
CHAPTER 7
Basic Setting
This chapter describes how to configure the System Info, General Setup, Switch Setup, IP
Setup and Port Setup screens.
7.1 Overview
The System Info screen displays general switch information (such as firmware version
number) and hardware polling information (such as fan speeds). The General Setup screen
allows you to configure general switch identification information. The General Setup screen
also allows you to set the system time manually or get the current time and date from an
external server when you turn on your switch. The real time is then displayed in the switch
logs. The Switch Setup screen allows you to set up and configure global switch features. The
IP Setup screen allows you to configure a switch IP address in each routing domain, subnet
mask(s) and DNS (domain name server) for management purposes.
7.2 System Information
In the navigation panel, click Basic Setting and System Info to display the screen as shown.
You can check the firmware version number and monitor the switch temperature, fan speeds
and voltage in this screen.
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Figure 28 System Info
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 8 System Info
LABEL DESCRIPTION
System Name This field displays the descriptive name of the switch for identification purposes.
ZyNOS F/W
Version
This field displays the version number of the switch 's current firmware including the
date created.
Ethernet
Address
This field refers to the Ethernet MAC (Media Access Control) address of the switch.
Hardware Monitor
Temperature
Unit
The switch has temperature sensors that are capable of detecting and reporting if the
temperature rises above the threshold. You may choose the temperature unit
(Centigrade or Fahrenheit) in this field.
Temperature MAC, CPU and PHY refer to the location of the temperature sensors on the switch
printed circuit board.
Current This shows the current temperature in degrees centigrade at this sensor.
MAX This field displays the maximum temperature measured at this sensor.
MIN This field displays the minimum temperature measured at this sensor.
Threshold This field displays the upper temperature limit at this sensor.
Status This field displays Normal for temperatures below the threshold and Error for those
above.
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Chapter 7 Basic Setting 74
7.3 General Setup
Click Basic Setting and General Setup in the navigation panel to display the screen as shown.
Fan Speed
(RPM)
A properly functioning fan is an essential component (along with a sufficiently
ventilated, cool operating environment) in order for the device to stay within the
temperature threshold. Each fan has a sensor that is capable of detecting and
reporting if the fan speed falls below the threshold shown.
Current This field displays this fan's current speed in Revolutions Per Minute (RPM).
MAX This field displays this fan's maximum speed measured in Revolutions Per Minute
(RPM).
MIN This field displays this fan's minimum speed measured in Revolutions Per Minute
(RPM). "<41" is displayed for speeds too small to measure (under 2000 RPM).
Threshold This field displays the minimum speed at which a normal fan should work.
Status Normal indicates that this fan is functioning above the minimum speed. Error
indicates that this fan is functioning below the minimum speed.
Voltage(V) The power supply for each voltage has a sensor that is capable of detecting and
reporting if the voltage falls out of the tolerance range.
Current This is the current voltage reading.
MAX This field displays the maximum voltage measured at this point.
MIN This field displays the minimum voltage measured at this point.
Threshold This field displays the percentage tolerance of the voltage with which the switch still
works.
Status Normal indicates that the voltage is within an acceptable operating range at this point;
otherwise Error is displayed.
Poll Interval(s) The text box displays how often (in seconds) this screen refreshes. You may change
the refresh interval by typing a new number in the text box and then clicking Set
Interval.
Stop Click Stop to halt statistic polling.
Table 8 System Info (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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75 Chapter 7 Basic Setting
Figure 29 General Setup
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 9 General Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
System Name Choose a descriptive name for identification purposes. This name consists of up to
32 printable characters; spaces are allowed.
Location Enter the geographic location (up to 30 characters) of your switch.
Contact Person's
Name
Enter the name (up to 30 characters) of the person in charge of this switch.
Login
Precedence
Use this drop-down list box to select which database the switch should use (first) to
authenticate an administrator (user for switch management).
Configure the local user accounts in the Access Control Logins screen. The
RADIUS is an external server. Before you specify the priority, make sure you have
set up the corresponding database correctly first.
Select Local Only to have the switch just check the administrator accounts
configured in the Access Control Logins screen.
Select Local then RADIUS to have the switch check the administrator accounts
configured in the Access Control Logins screen. If the user name is not found, the
switch then checks the user database on the specified RADIUS server. You need to
configure Port Authentication Radius first.
Select RADIUS Only to have the switch just check the user database on the
specified RADIUS server for a login username and password.
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7.4 Introduction to VLANs
A VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) allows a physical network to be partitioned into
multiple logical networks. Devices on a logical network belong to one group. A device can
belong to more than one group. With VLAN, a device cannot directly talk to or hear from
devices that are not in the same group(s); the traffic must first go through a router.
In MTU (Multi-Tenant Unit) applications, VLAN is vital in providing isolation and security
among the subscribers. When properly configured, VLAN prevents one subscriber from
accessing the network resources of another on the same LAN, thus a user will not see the
printers and hard disks of another user in the same building.
VLAN also increases network performance by limiting broadcasts to a smaller and more
manageable logical broadcast domain. In traditional switched environments, all broadcast
packets go to each and every individual port. With VLAN, all broadcasts are confined to a
specific broadcast domain.
Note: VLAN is unidirectional; it only governs outgoing traffic.
Use Time Server
when Bootup
Enter the time service protocol that a timeserver sends when you turn on the switch.
Not all time servers support all protocols, so you may have to use trial and error to
find a protocol that works. The main differences between them are the time format.
When you select the Daytime (RFC 867) format, the switch displays the day,
month, year and time with no time zone adjustment. When you use this format it is
recommended that you use a Daytime timeserver within your geographical time
zone.
Time (RFC-868) format displays a 4-byte integer giving the total number of seconds
since 1970/1/1 at 0:0:0.
NTP (RFC-1305) is similar to Time (RFC-868).
None is the default value. Enter the time manually. Each time you turn on the
switch, the time and date will be reset to 2000-1-1 0:0.
Time Server IP
Address
Enter the IP address of your timeserver. The switch searches for the timeserver for
up to 60 seconds. If you select a timeserver that is unreachable, then this screen
will appear locked for 60 seconds. Please wait.
Current Time This field displays the time you open this menu (or refresh the menu).
New Time
(hh:min:ss)
Enter the new time in hour, minute and second format. The new time then appears
in the Current Time field after you click Apply.
Current Date This field displays the date you open this menu.
New Date (yyyy-
mm-dd)
Enter the new date in year, month and day format. The new date then appears in
the Current Date field after you click Apply.
Time Zone Select the time difference between UTC (Universal Time Coordinated, formerly
known as GMT, Greenwich Mean Time) and your time zone from the drop-down list
box.
Apply Click Apply to save the settings.
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields to your previous configuration.
Table 9 General Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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See Chapter 8 on page 84 for information on port-based and 802.1Q tagged VLANs.
7.5 IGMP Snooping
A switch can passively snoop on IGMP Query, Report and Leave (IGMP version 2) packets
transferred between IP multicast routers/switches and IP multicast hosts to learn the IP
multicast group membership. It checks IGMP packets passing through it, picks out the group
registration information, and configures multicasting accordingly. IGMP snooping allows the
switch to learn multicast groups without you having to manually configure them.
The switch forwards multicast traffic destined for multicast groups (that it has learned from
IGMP snooping or that you have manually configured) to ports that are members of that
group. The switch discards multicast traffic destined for multicast groups that it does not
know. IGMP snooping generates no additional network traffic, allowing you to significantly
reduce multicast traffic passing through your switch.
7.6 Switch Setup Screen
Click Basic Setting and then Switch Setup in the navigation panel to display the screen as
shown. The VLAN setup screens change depending on whether you choose 802.1Q or Port
Based in the VLAN Type field in this screen. Refer to the chapter on VLAN.
Figure 30 Switch Setup
The following table describes the labels in this screen
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Chapter 7 Basic Setting 78
.
Table 10 Switch Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
VLAN Type Choose 802.1Q or Port Based. The VLAN Setup screen changes depending on
whether you choose 802.1Q VLAN type or Port Based VLAN type in this screen.
See Chapter 8 on page 84 for more information.
Bridge Control
Protocol
Transparency
Select Active to allow the switch to handle bridging control protocols (STP for
example). You also need to define how to treat a BPDU in the Port Setup screen.
MAC Address
Learning
MAC address learning reduces outgoing traffic broadcasts. For MAC address
learning to occur on a port, the port must be active.
Aging Time Enter a time from 10 to 3000 seconds. This is how long all dynamically learned MAC
addresses remain in the MAC address table before they age out (and must be
relearned).
GARP Timer: Switches join VLANs by making a declaration. A declaration is made by issuing a Join
message using GARP. Declarations are withdrawn by issuing a Leave message. A Leave All message
terminates all registrations. GARP timers set declaration timeout values. See the chapter on VLAN
setup for more background information.
Join Timer Join Timer sets the duration of the Join Period timer for GVRP in milliseconds. Each
port has a Join Period timer. The allowed Join Time range is between 100 and
65535 milliseconds. See the chapter on VLAN setup for more background
information.
Leave Timer Leave Time sets the duration of the Leave Period timer for GVRP in milliseconds.
Each port has a single Leave Period timer. Leave Time must be two times larger
than Join Timer.
Leave All Timer Leave All Timer sets the duration of the Leave All Period timer for GVRP in
milliseconds. Each port has a single Leave All Period timer. Leave All Timer must be
larger than Leave Timer.
Priority Queue Assignment
IEEE 802.1p defines up to 8 separate traffic types by inserting a tag into a MAC-layer frame that
contains bits to define class of service. Frames without an explicit priority tag are given the default
priority of the ingress port. Use the next two fields to configure the priority level-to-physical queue
mapping.
The switch has eight physical queues that you can map to the 8 priority levels. On the switch, traffic
assigned to higher index queues gets through faster while traffic in lower index queues is dropped if the
network is congested.
Priority Level (The following descriptions are based on the traffic types defined in the IEEE 802.1d
standard (which incorporates the 802.1p).
Level 7 Typically used for network control traffic such as router configuration messages.
Level 6 Typically used for voice traffic that is especially sensitive to jitter (jitter is the
variations in delay).
Level 5 Typically used for video that consumes high bandwidth and is sensitive to jitter.
Level 4 Typically used for controlled load, latency-sensitive traffic such as SNA (Systems
Network Architecture) transactions.
Level 3 Typically used for “excellent effort” or better than best effort and would include
important business traffic that can tolerate some delay.
Level 2 This is for “spare bandwidth”.
Level 1 This is typically used for non-critical “background” traffic such as bulk transfers that
are allowed but that should not affect other applications and users.
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7.7 IP Setup
Use the IP Setup screen to configure the default gateway device, the default domain name
server and add IP domains.
7.7.1 IP Interfaces
The switch needs an IP address for it to be managed over the network. The factory default IP
address is 192.168.1.1. The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP
address. The factory default subnet mask is 255.255.255.0.
On the switch, as a layer-3 device, an IP address is not bound to any physical ports. Since each
IP address on the switch must be in a separate subnet, the configured IP address is also known
as IP interface (or routing domain). In addition, this allows routing between subnets based on
the IP address without additional routers.
You can configure multiple routing domains on the same VLAN as long as the IP address
ranges for the domains do not overlap. To change the IP address of the switch in a routing
domain, simply add a new routing domain entry with a different IP address in the same subnet.
Level 0 Typically used for best-effort traffic.
Apply Click Apply to save the settings.
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields to your previous configuration.
Table 10 Switch Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Chapter 7 Basic Setting 80
Figure 31 IP Setup
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 11 IP Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Default
Gateway
Enter the IP address of the default outgoing gateway in dotted decimal notation, for
example 192.168.1.254.
Domain Name
Server
DNS (Domain Name System) is for mapping a domain name to its corresponding IP
address and vice versa. Enter a domain name server IP address in order to be able to
use a domain name instead of an IP address.
Default
Management
Specify which traffic flow (In-Band or Out-of-band) the switch is to send packets
originating from itself (such as SNMP traps) or packets with unknown source.
Select Out-of-band to have the switch send the packets to the management port
labelled MGMT. This means that device(s) connected to the other port(s) do not
receive these packets.
Select In-Band to have the switch send the packets to all ports except the
management port (labelled MGMT) to which connected device(s) do not receive these
packets.
Management IP Address
Use these fields to set the settings for the out-of-band management port.
IP Address Enter the out-of-band management IP address of your switch in dotted decimal
notation. For example, 192.168.0.1.
IP Subnet
Mask
Enter the IP subnet mask of your switch in dotted decimal notation for example
255.255.255.0.
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7.8 Port Setup
Click Basic Setting and then Port Setup in the navigation panel to display the configuration
screen.
Default
Gateway
Enter the IP address of the default outgoing gateway in dotted decimal notation, for
example 192.168.0.254
Apply Click Apply to save the settings.
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields to your previous configuration.
IP Interface
Use these fields to create or edit IP routing domains on the switch.
IP Address Enter the IP address of your switch in dotted decimal notation for example
192.168.1.1. This is the IP address of the switch in an IP routing domain.
IP Subnet
Mask
Enter the IP subnet mask of an IP routing domain in dotted decimal notation. For
example, 255.255.255.0.
VID Enter the VLAN identification number to which an IP routing domain belongs.
Add Click Add to save the new rule to the switch. It then displays in the summary table at
the bottom of the screen.
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields to your previous configuration.
Index This field displays the index number of an entry.
IP Address This field displays IP address of the switch in the IP domain.
Subnet Mask This field displays the subnet mask of the switch in the IP domain.
VID This field displays the VLAN identification number of the IP domain on the switch.
Delete Click Delete to remove the selected entry from the summary table.
Note: Deleting all IP subnets locks you out from the switch.
Cancel Click Cancel to clear the Delete check boxes.
Table 11 IP Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Chapter 7 Basic Setting 82
Figure 32 Port Setup
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 12 Port Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Port This is the port index number.
Active Select this check box to enable a port. The factory default for all ports is enabled. A
port must be enabled for data transmission to occur.
Name Enter a descriptive name (up to nine printable characters) that identifies this port.
Type This field displays 10/100/1000M for the Gigabit Ethernet/ mini-GBIC ports or 1000M
for the mini-GBIC ports.
Speed/Duplex Select the speed and the duplex mode of the connection on this port. Choices are
Auto, 10M/Half Duplex, 10M/Full Duplex, 100M/Half Duplex, 100M/Full Duplex
and 1000M/Full Duplex.
Selecting Auto (auto-negotiation) allows one port to negotiate with a peer port
automatically to obtain the connection speed and duplex mode that both ends support.
When auto-negotiation is turned on, a port on the switch negotiates with the peer
automatically to determine the connection speed and duplex mode. If the peer port
does not support auto-negotiation or turns off this feature, the switch determines the
connection speed by detecting the signal on the cable and using half duplex mode.
When the switch’s auto-negotiation is turned off, a port uses the pre-configured speed
and duplex mode when making a connection, thus requiring you to make sure that the
settings of the peer port are the same in order to connect.
Flow Control A concentration of traffic on a port decreases port bandwidth and overflows buffer
memory causing packet discards and frame losses. Flow Control is used to regulate
transmission of signals to match the bandwidth of the receiving port.
The switch uses IEEE802.3x flow control in full duplex mode and back pressure flow
control in half duplex mode.
IEEE802.3x flow control is used in full duplex mode to send a pause signal to the
sending port, causing it to temporarily stop sending signals when the receiving port
memory buffers fill.
Back Pressure flow control is typically used in half duplex mode to send a "collision"
signal to the sending port (mimicking a state of packet collision) causing the sending
port to temporarily stop sending signals and resend later. Select Flow Control to
enable it.
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802.1P Priority This priority value is added to incoming frames without a (802.1p) priority queue tag.
See Priority Queue Assignment in Table 10 on page 78 for more information.
BPDU Control Configure the way to treat BPDUs received on this port. You must activate bridging
control protocol transparency in the Switch Setup screen first.
Select Peer to process any BPDU (Bridge Protocol Data Units) received on this port.
Select Tunnel to forward BPDUs received on this port.
Select Discard to drop any BPDU received on this port.
Select Network to process a BPDU with no VLAN tag and forward a tagged BPDU.
Apply Click Apply to save the settings.
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields to your previous configuration.
Table 12 Port Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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CHAPTER 8
VLAN
The type of screen you see here depends on the VLAN Type you selected in the Switch Setup
screen. This chapter shows you how to configure 802.1Q tagged and port-based VLANs.
8.1 Introduction to IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLANs
A tagged VLAN uses an explicit tag (VLAN ID) in the MAC header to identify the VLAN
membership of a frame across bridges - they are not confined to the switch on which they were
created. The VLANs can be created statically by hand or dynamically through GVRP. The
VLAN ID associates a frame with a specific VLAN and provides the information that switches
need to process the frame across the network. A tagged frame is four bytes longer than an
untagged frame and contains two bytes of TPID (Tag Protocol Identifier, residing within the
type/length field of the Ethernet frame) and two bytes of TCI (Tag Control Information, starts
after the source address field of the Ethernet frame).
The CFI (Canonical Format Indicator) is a single-bit flag, always set to zero for Ethernet
switches. If a frame received at an Ethernet port has a CFI set to 1, then that frame should not
be forwarded as it is to an untagged port. The remaining twelve bits define the VLAN ID,
giving a possible maximum number of 4,096 VLANs. Note that user priority and VLAN ID
are independent of each other. A frame with VID (VLAN Identifier) of null (0) is called a
priority frame, meaning that only the priority level is significant and the default VID of the
ingress port is given as the VID of the frame. Of the 4096 possible VIDs, a VID of 0 is used to
identify priority frames and value 4095 (FFF) is reserved, so the maximum possible VLAN
configurations are 4,094.
8.1.1 Forwarding Tagged and Untagged Frames
VLAN group ID (or VID) is a unique number than identifies a VLAN. A port VID (PVID) is
the VID associated to a physical port. A PVID defines the VLAN group to which a port
belongs.
Each port on the switch is capable of passing tagged or untagged frames. To forward a frame
from an 802.1Q VLAN-aware switch to an 802.1Q VLAN-unaware switch, the switch first
decides where to forward the frame and then strips off the VLAN tag. To forward a frame
from an 802.1Q VLAN-unaware switch to an 802.1Q VLAN-aware switch, the switch first
decides where to forward the frame, and then inserts a VLAN tag reflecting the ingress port's
default VID. The default PVID is VLAN 1 for all ports, but this can be changed.
TPID
2 Bytes
User Priority
3 Bits
CFI
1 Bit
VLAN ID
12 bits
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The egress (outgoing) port(s) of a frame is determined on the combination of the destination
MAC address and the VID of the frame. For a unicast frame, the egress port (based on the
destination MAC address) must be a member of the VID, also; otherwise, the frame is
blocked. A broadcast frame (or a multicast frame for a multicast group that is known by the
system) is duplicated only on ports that are members of the VID (except the ingress port
itself), thus confining the broadcast to a specific domain.
Whether to tag an outgoing frame depends on the setting of the egress port on an individual
VLAN and port basis (remember that a port can belong to multiple VLANs). If the tagging on
the egress port is enabled for the VID of a frame, then the frame is transmitted as a tagged
frame; otherwise, it is transmitted as an untagged frame.
8.2 Automatic VLAN Registration
GARP and GVRP are the protocols used to automatically register VLAN membership across
switches.
8.2.1 GARP
GARP (Generic Attribute Registration Protocol) allows network switches to register and de-
register attribute values with other GARP participants within a bridged LAN. GARP is a
protocol that provides a generic mechanism for protocols that serve a more specific
application, for example, GVRP.
8.2.1.1 GARP Timers
Switches join VLANs by making a declaration. A declaration is made by issuing a Join
message using GARP. Declarations are withdrawn by issuing a Leave message. A Leave All
message terminates all registrations. GARP timers set declaration timeout values.
8.2.2 GVRP
GVRP (GARP VLAN Registration Protocol) is a registration protocol that defines a way for
switches to register necessary VLAN members on ports across the network. Enable this
function to permit VLANs groups beyond the local switch.
Please refer to the following table for common IEEE 802.1Q VLAN terminology.
Table 13 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Terminology
VLAN PARAMETER TERM DESCRIPTION
VLAN Type Permanent VLAN This is a static VLAN created manually.
Dynamic VLAN This is a VLAN configured by a GVRP registration/
deregistration process.
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8.3 Port VLAN Trunking
Enable VLAN Trunking on a port to allow frames belonging to unknown VLAN groups to
pass through that port. This is useful if you want to set up VLAN groups on end devices
without having to configure the same VLAN groups on intermediary devices.
Refer to the following figure. Suppose you want to create VLAN groups 1 and 2 (V1 and V2)
on devices A and B. Without VLAN Trunking, you must configure VLAN groups 1 and 2 on
all intermediary switches C, D and E; otherwise they will drop frames with unknown VLAN
group tags. However, with VLAN Trunking enabled on a port(s) in each intermediary switch
you only need to create VLAN groups in the end devices (A and B). C, D and E automatically
allow frames with VLAN group tags 1 and 2 (VLAN groups that are unknown to those
switches) to pass through their VLAN trunking port(s).
Figure 33 Port VLAN Trunking
8.4 Select the VLAN Type
Select a VLAN type in the Switch Setup screen.
VLAN Administrative
Control
Registration Fixed Fixed registration ports are permanent VLAN members.
Registration
Forbidden
Ports with registration forbidden are forbidden to join the
specified VLAN.
Normal Registration Ports dynamically join a VLAN using GVRP.
VLAN Tag Control Tagged Ports belonging to the specified VLAN tag all outgoing
frames transmitted.
Untagged Ports belonging to the specified don't tag all outgoing
frames transmitted.
VLAN Port Port VID This is the VLAN ID assigned to untagged frames that
this port received.
Acceptable frame
type
You may choose to accept both tagged and untagged
incoming frames or just tagged incoming frames on a
port.
Ingress filtering If set, the switch discards incoming frames for VLANs
that do not have this port as a member
Table 13 IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Terminology (continued)
VLAN PARAMETER TERM DESCRIPTION
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Figure 34 Switch Setup: Select VLAN Type
8.5 Static VLAN
Use a static VLAN to decide whether an incoming frame on a port should be
• sent to a VLAN group as normal depends on its VLAN tag.
• sent to a group whether it has a VLAN tag or not.
• blocked from a VLAN group regardless of its VLAN tag.
You can also tag all outgoing frames (that were previously untagged) from a port with the
specified VID.
8.5.1 Static VLAN Status
Click Advanced Application, VLAN from the navigation panel to display the VLAN Status
screen as shown next.
Figure 35 VLAN: VLAN Status
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
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8.5.2 Configure a Static VLAN
To configure a static VLAN, click Static VLAN in the VLAN Status screen to display the
screen as shown next.
Table 14 VLAN: VLAN Status
LABEL DESCRIPTION
The Number of
VLAN
This is the number of VLANs configured on the switch.
Index This is the VLAN index number.
VID This is the VLAN identification number that was configured in the VLAN Setup
screen.
Port Number This column displays the ports that are participating in a VLAN. A tagged port is
marked as T, an untagged port is marked as U and ports not participating in a VLAN
are marked as “–“.
Elapsed Time This field shows how long it has been since a normal VLAN was registered or a static
VLAN was set up.
Status This field shows how this VLAN was added to the switch; dynamically using GVRP or
statically, that is, added as a permanent entry.
Poll Interval(s) The text box displays how often (in seconds) this screen refreshes. You may change
the refresh interval by typing a new number in the text box and then clicking Set
Interval.
Stop Click Stop to halt polling statistics.
Change Pages Click Previous Page or Next Page to show the previous/next screen if all status
information cannot be seen in one screen.
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Figure 36 VLAN: Static VLAN
The following table describes the related labels in this screen.
Table 15 VLAN: Static VLAN
LABEL DESCRIPTION
ACTIVE Select this check box to activate the VLAN settings.
Name Enter a descriptive name (up to 12 printable ASCII characters) for the VLAN group
for identification purposes.
VLAN Group ID Enter the VLAN ID for this VLAN group; the valid range is between 1 and 4094.
Port The port number identifies the port you are configuring.
Control Select Normal for the port to dynamically join this VLAN group using GVRP. This is
the default selection.
Select Fixed for the port to be a permanent member of this VLAN group.
Select Forbidden if you want to prohibit the port from joining this VLAN group.
Tagging Select TX Tagging if you want the port to tag all outgoing frames (that were
previously untagged) transmitted with this VLAN Group ID.
Add Click Add to add the settings as a new entry in the summary table below.
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields.
Clear Click Clear to start configuring the screen again.
VID This field displays the ID number of the VLAN group. Click the number to edit the
VLAN settings.
Active This field indicates whether the VLAN settings are enabled (Yes) or disabled (No).
Name This field displays the descriptive name for this VLAN group.
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8.5.3 Configure VLAN Port Settings
To configure the VLAN settings on a port, click the VLAN Port Setting link in the VLAN
Status screen.
Figure 37 VLAN: VLAN Port Setting
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Delete Click Delete to remove the selected entry from the summary table.
Cancel Click Cancel to clear the Delete check boxes.
Table 15 VLAN: Static VLAN (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Table 16 VLAN: VLAN Port Setting
LABEL DESCRIPTION
GVRP GVRP (GARP VLAN Registration Protocol) is a registration protocol that defines a
way for switches to register necessary VLAN members on ports across the
network.
Select this check box to permit VLAN groups beyond the local switch.
Port Isolation Port Isolation allows each port to communicate only with the CPU management
port but not communicate with each other. All incoming ports are selected while
only the CPU outgoing port is selected. This option is the most limiting but also the
most secure.
Port This field displays the port number.
Ingress Check Select this check box to activate ingress filtering.
Clear this check box to disable ingress filtering.
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8.6 Port-based VLANs
Port-based VLANs are VLANs where the packet forwarding decision is based on the
destination MAC address and its associated port.
Port-based VLANs require allowed outgoing ports to be defined for each port. Therefore, if
you wish to allow two subscriber ports to talk to each other, for example, between conference
rooms in a hotel, you must define the egress (an egress port is an outgoing port, that is, a port
through which a data packet leaves) for both ports.
Port-based VLANs are specific only to the switch on which they were created.
Note: When you activate port-based VLAN, the switch uses a default VLAN ID of 1.
You cannot change it.
In screens (such as IP Setup and Filtering) that require a VID, you must enter
1 as the VID.
The port-based VLAN setup screen is shown next. The CPU management port forms a VLAN
with all Ethernet ports.
8.6.1 Configure a Port-based VLAN
Select Port Based as the VLAN Type in the Switch Setup screen and then click VLAN
from the navigation panel to display the next screen.
PVID Specify the VLAN group ID (or VID) that will be added to untagged packets on the
port. For example, if port 10’s PVID is 2, then all untagged traffic on port 10 will
belong to (and be sent to) VLAN 2.
Enter a number between 1and 4094 as the port VLAN ID.
GVRP Select this check box to allow GVRP on this port.
Acceptable Frame
Type
Specify the type of frames allowed on a port. Choices are All and Tag Only.
Select All from the drop-down list box to accept all untagged or tagged frames on
this port. This is the default setting.
Select Tag Only to accept only tagged frames on this port. All untagged frames will
be dropped.
VLAN Trunking Enable VLAN Trunking on ports connected to other switches or routers (but not
ports directly connected to end users) to allow frames belonging to unknown VLAN
groups to pass through the switch.
Apply Click Apply to save the changes
Cancel Click Cancel to start configuring the screen again.
Table 16 VLAN: VLAN Port Setting (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Figure 38 Port Based VLAN Setup (All Connected)
Figure 39 Port Based VLAN Setup (Port Isolation)
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
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]
Table 17 Port Based VLAN Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Setting Wizard Choose All connected or Port isolation.
All connected means all ports can communicate with each other, that is, there are no
virtual LANs. All incoming and outgoing ports are selected. This option is the most
flexible but also the least secure.
Port isolation means that each port can only communicate with the CPU
management port and cannot communicate with each other. All incoming ports are
selected while only the CPU outgoing port is selected. This option is the most limiting
but also the most secure.
After you make your selection, click Apply (top right of screen) to display the screens
as mentioned above. You can still customize these settings by adding/deleting
incoming or outgoing ports, but you must also click Apply at the bottom of the screen.
Incoming These are the ingress ports; an ingress port is an incoming port, that is, a port through
which a data packet enters. If you wish to allow two subscriber ports to talk to each
other, you must define the ingress port for both ports. The numbers in the top row
denote the incoming port for the corresponding port listed on the left (its outgoing port).
CPU refers to the switch management port. By default it forms a VLAN with all
Ethernet ports. If it does not form a VLAN with a particular port then the switch cannot
be managed from that port.
Outgoing These are the egress ports; an egress port is an outgoing port, that is, a port through
which a data packet leaves. If you wish to allow two subscriber ports to talk to each
other, you must define the egress port for both ports. CPU refers to the switch
management port. By default it forms a VLAN with all Ethernet ports. If it does not form
a VLAN with a particular port then the switch cannot be managed from that port.
Apply Click Apply to save the changes.
Cancel Click Cancel to start configuring the screen again.
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Chapter 9 Static MAC Forward Setup 94
CHAPTER 9
Static MAC Forward Setup
Use these screens to configure static MAC address forwarding.
9.1 Overview
A static MAC address is an address that has been manually entered in the MAC address table.
Static MAC addresses do not age out. When you set up static MAC address rules, you are
setting static MAC addresses for a port. This may reduce the need for broadcasting.
Static MAC address forwarding together with port security allow only computers in the MAC
address table on a port to access the switch. See Chapter 17 on page 120 for more information
on port security.
9.2 Configuring Static MAC Forwarding
Click Advanced Applications, Static MAC Forwarding in the navigation panel to display
the configuration screen as shown. Scroll down to the bottom of the screen to view the
summary table for the settings.
Figure 40 Static MAC Forwarding
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
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Table 18 Static MAC Forwarding
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Active Select this check box to activate your rule. You may temporarily deactivate a rule
without deleting it by clearing this check box.
Name Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 printable ASCII characters) for identification
purposes for this rule.
MAC Address Enter the MAC address in valid MAC address format, that is, six hexadecimal
character pairs.
Note: Static MAC addresses do not age out.
VID Enter the VLAN identification number.
Port Select a port where the MAC address entered in the previous field will be
automatically forwarded.
Add After you set the fields above, click Add to insert a new rule.
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields.
Clear Click Clear to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Index Click an index number to modify the settings.
Active This field displays whether this static MAC address forwarding rule is active (Yes) or
not (No). You may temporarily deactivate a rule without deleting it.
Name This field displays the descriptive name for this rule.
MAC Address This field displays the MAC address that will be forwarded and the VLAN identification
number to which the MAC address belongs.
Port This field displays the port where the MAC address shown in the next field will be
forwarded.
Delete Click Delete to remove the selected entry from the summary table.
Cancel Click Cancel to clear the Delete check boxes.
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Chapter 10 Filtering 96
CHAPTER 10
Filtering
This chapter discusses static MAC address filtering.
10.1 Overview
Filtering means sifting traffic going through the switch based on the source and/or destination
MAC addresses and VLAN group (ID).
10.2 Configure a Filtering Rule
Click Advanced Application, Filtering in the navigation panel to display the screen as shown
next. Scroll down to the bottom of the screen to view the summary table for the settings.
Figure 41 Filtering
The following table describes the related labels in this screen.
Table 19 FIltering
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Active Make sure to select this check box to activate your rule. You may temporarily deactivate
a rule without deleting it by deselecting this check box.
Name Type a descriptive name (up to 32 printable ASCII characters) for this rule. This is for
identification purpose only.
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Action Select Discard source to drop frame from the source MAC address (specified in the
MAC field). The switch can still send frames to the MAC address.
Select Discard destination to drop frames to the destination MAC address (specified in
the MAC field). The switch can still receive frames originating from the MAC address.
Select Discard source and Discard destination to block traffic to/from the MAC
address specified in the MAC field.
MAC Type a MAC address in valid MAC address format, that is, six hexadecimal character
pairs.
VID Type the VLAN group identification number.
Add Click Add to save the new rule to the switch. It then displays in the summary table at the
bottom of the screen.
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields to your previous configuration.
Clear Click Clear to clear the fields to the factory defaults.
Index This field displays the index number of the rule. Click an index number to change the
settings.
Active This field displays Yes when the rule is activated and No when is it deactivated.
Name This field displays the descriptive name for this rule. This is for identification purpose
only.
MAC
Address
This field displays the source/destination MAC address with the VLAN identification
number to which the MAC address belongs.
Action This field displays the filter action.
Delete Check the rule(s) that you want to remove in the Delete column and then click the
Delete button.
Cancel Click Cancel to clear the selected checkbox(es) in the Delete column.
Table 19 FIltering (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Chapter 11 Spanning Tree Protocol 98
CHAPTER 11
Spanning Tree Protocol
This chapter introduces the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) and Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol
(RSTP).
11.1 STP/RSTP Overview
(R)STP detects and breaks network loops and provides backup links between switches,
bridges or routers. It allows a switch to interact with other (R)STP -compliant switches in your
network to ensure that only one path exists between any two stations on the network.
The switch uses IEEE 802.1w RSTP (Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol) that allow faster
convergence of the spanning tree than STP (while also being backwards compatible with STP-
only aware bridges). In RSTP, topology change information is directly propagated throughout
the network from the device that generates the topology change. In STP, a longer delay is
required as the device that causes a topology change first notifies the root bridge that then
notifies the network. Both RSTP and STP flush unwanted learned addresses from the filtering
database. In RSTP, the port states are Discarding, Learning, and Forwarding.
Note: In this user’s guide, “STP” refers to both STP and RSTP.
11.1.1 STP Terminology
The root bridge is the base of the spanning tree; it is the bridge with the lowest identifier value
(MAC address).
Path cost is the cost of transmitting a frame onto a LAN through that port. It is assigned
according to the speed of the link to which a port is attached. The slower the media, the higher
the cost.
Table 20 STP Path Costs
LINK SPEED RECOMMENDED
VALUE
RECOMMENDED
RANGE
ALLOWED
RANGE
Path Cost 4Mbps 250 100 to 1000 1 to 65535
Path Cost 10Mbps 100 50 to 600 1 to 65535
Path Cost 16Mbps 62 40 to 400 1 to 65535
Path Cost 100Mbps 19 10 to 60 1 to 65535
Path Cost 1Gbps 4 3 to 10 1 to 65535
Path Cost 10Gbps 2 1 to 5 1 to 65535
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On each bridge, the root port is the port through which this bridge communicates with the root.
It is the port on this switch with the lowest path cost to the root (the root path cost). If there is
no root port, then this switch has been accepted as the root bridge of the spanning tree
network.
For each LAN segment, a designated bridge is selected. This bridge has the lowest cost to the
root among the bridges connected to the LAN.
11.1.2 How STP Works
After a bridge determines the lowest cost-spanning tree with STP, it enables the root port and
the ports that are the designated ports for connected LANs, and disables all other ports that
participate in STP. Network packets are therefore only forwarded between enabled ports,
eliminating any possible network loops.
STP-aware switches exchange Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDUs) periodically. When the
bridged LAN topology changes, a new spanning tree is constructed.
Once a stable network topology has been established, all bridges listen for Hello BPDUs
(Bridge Protocol Data Units) transmitted from the root bridge. If a bridge does not get a Hello
BPDU after a predefined interval (Max Age), the bridge assumes that the link to the root
bridge is down. This bridge then initiates negotiations with other bridges to reconfigure the
network to re-establish a valid network topology.
11.1.3 STP Port States
STP assigns five port states to eliminate packet looping. A bridge port is not allowed to go
directly from blocking state to forwarding state so as to eliminate transient loops.
11.2 STP Status
Click Advanced Application, Spanning Tree Protocol in the navigation panel to display the
status screen as shown next.
Table 21 STP Port States
PORT STATE DESCRIPTION
Disabled STP is disabled (default).
Blocking Only configuration and management BPDUs are received and processed.
Listening All BPDUs are received and processed.
Learning All BPDUs are received and processed. Information frames are submitted to the
learning process but not forwarded.
Forwarding All BPDUs are received and processed. All information frames are received and
forwarded.
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Figure 42 Spanning Tree Protocol: Status
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 22 Spanning Tree Protocol: Status
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Spanning Tree
Protocol
This field displays Running if STP is activated. Otherwise, it displays Down.
Configuration Click Configuration to configure STP settings. Refer to Section 11.2.1 on page
101.
Bridge Root refers to the base of the spanning tree (the root bridge). Our Bridge is this
switch. This switch may also be the root bridge.
Bridge ID This is the unique identifier for this bridge, consisting of bridge priority plus MAC
address. This ID is the same for Root and Our Bridge if the switch is the root
switch.
Hello Time
(second)
This is the time interval (in seconds) at which the root switch transmits a
configuration message. The root bridge determines Hello Time, Max Age and
Forwarding Delay
Max Age (second) This is the maximum time (in seconds) a switch can wait without receiving a
configuration message before attempting to reconfigure.
Forwarding Delay
(second)
This is the time (in seconds) the root switch will wait before changing states (that
is, listening to learning to forwarding).
Cost to Bridge This is the path cost from the root port on this switch to the root switch.
Port ID This is the priority and number of the port on the switch through which this switch
must communicate with the root of the Spanning Tree.
Topology Changed
Times
This is the number of times the spanning tree has been reconfigured.
Time Since Last
Change
This is the time since the spanning tree was last reconfigured.
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11.2.1 Configure STP
To configure STP, click the Configuration link in the Spanning Tree Protocol screen as
shown next.
Figure 43 Spanning Tree Protocol: Configuration
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Poll Interval(s) The text box displays how often (in seconds) this screen refreshes. You may
change the refresh interval by typing a new number in the text box and then
clicking Set Interval.
Stop Click Stop to halt STP statistic polling.
Table 22 Spanning Tree Protocol: Status (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Table 23 Spanning Tree Protocol: Configuration
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Status Click Status to display the Spanning Tree Protocol Status screen (see Figure 42
on page 100).
Active Select this check box to activate STP. Clear this checkbox to disable STP.
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Bridge Priority Bridge priority is used in determining the root switch, root port and designated port.
The switch with the highest priority (lowest numeric value) becomes the STP root
switch. If all switches have the same priority, the switch with the lowest MAC
address will then become the root switch. Select a value from the drop-down list
box.
The lower the numeric value you assign, the higher the priority for this bridge.
Bridge Priority determines the root bridge, which in turn determines Hello Time,
Max Age and Forwarding Delay.
Hello Time This is the time interval in seconds between BPDU (Bridge Protocol Data Units)
configuration message generations by the root switch. The allowed range is 1 to 10
seconds.
Max Age This is the maximum time (in seconds) a switch can wait without receiving a BPDU
before attempting to reconfigure. All switch ports (except for designated ports)
should receive BPDUs at regular intervals. Any port that ages out STP information
(provided in the last BPDU) becomes the designated port for the attached LAN. If it
is a root port, a new root port is selected from among the switch ports attached to
the network. The allowed range is 6 to 40 seconds.
Forwarding Delay This is the maximum time (in seconds) a switch will wait before changing states.
This delay is required because every switch must receive information about
topology changes before it starts to forward frames. In addition, each port needs
time to listen for conflicting information that would make it return to a blocking state;
otherwise, temporary data loops might result. The allowed range is 4 to 30
seconds.
As a general rule:
2 * (Forward Delay - 1) >= Max Age >= 2 * (Hello Time + 1)
Port This field displays the port number.
Active Select this check box to activate STP on this port.
Priority Configure the priority for each port here.
Priority decides which port should be disabled when more than one port forms a
loop in a switch. Ports with a higher priority numeric value are disabled first. The
allowed range is between 0 and 255 and the default value is 128.
Path Cost Path cost is the cost of transmitting a frame on to a LAN through that port. It is
assigned according to the speed of the bridge. The slower the media, the higher
the cost - see Table 20 on page 98 for more information.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the switch.
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Table 23 Spanning Tree Protocol: Configuration (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Chapter 12 Bandwidth Control 104
CHAPTER 12
Bandwidth Control
This chapter shows you how you can cap the maximum bandwidth allowed from specific
source(s) to specified destination(s) using the Bandwidth Control screen.
12.1 Introduction to Bandwidth Control
Bandwidth control means defining a maximum allowable bandwidth for incoming and/or out-
going traffic flows on a port.
12.1.1 CIR and PIR
The Committed Information Rate (CIR) is the guaranteed bandwidth for the incoming traffic
flow on a port. The Peak Information Rate (PIR) is the maximum bandwidth allowed for the
incoming traffic flow on a port when there is no network congestion.
The CIR and PIR should be set for all ports that use the same uplink bandwidth. If the CIR is
reached, packets are sent at the rate up to the PIR. When network congestion occurs, packets
through the ingress port exceeding the CIR will be marked for drop.
Note: The CIR should be less than the PIR.
The sum of CIRs cannot be greater than or equal to the uplink bandwidth.
12.2 Bandwidth Control Setup
Click Advanced Application and then Bandwidth Control in the navigation panel to display
the configuration screen.
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Figure 44 Bandwidth Control
The following table describes the related labels in this screen.
Table 24 Bandwidth Control
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Active Select this check box to enable bandwidth control on the switch.
Port This field displays the port number.
Active Make sure to select this check box to activate bandwidth control on a port.
Commited
Rate
Specify the guaranteed bandwidth allowed in kilobits per second (Kbps) for the
incoming traffic flow on a port. The commit rate should be less than the peak rate. The
sum of commit rates cannot be greater than or equal to the uplink bandwidth.
Peak Rate Specify the maximum bandwidth allowed in kilobits per second (Kbps) for the incoming
traffic flow on a port.
Egress Rate Specify the maximum bandwidth allowed in megabits per second (Mbps) for the out-
going traffic flow on a port. Enter a number between 1 and 1000.
Apply Click Apply to save the settings.
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields to your previous configuration.
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CHAPTER 13
Broadcast Storm Control
This chapter introduces and shows you how to configure the broadcast storm control feature.
13.1 Overview
Broadcast storm control limits the number of broadcast, multicast and destination lookup
failure (DLF) packets the switch receives per second on the ports. When the maximum number
of allowable broadcast, multicast and/or DLF packets is reached per second, the subsequent
packets are discarded. Enable this feature to reduce broadcast, multicast and/or DLF packets in
your network. You can specify limits for each packet type on each port.
13.2 Broadcast Storm Control Setup
Click Advanced Application, Broadcast Storm Control in the navigation panel to display
the screen as shown next.
Figure 45 Broadcast Storm Control
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 25 Broadcast Storm Control
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Active Select this check box to enable broadcast storm control on the switch.
Port This field displays a port number.
Broadcast (pkt/s) Select this option and specify how many broadcast packets the port receives per
second.
Multicast (pkt/s) Select this option and specify how many multicast packets the port receives per
second.
DLF (pkt/s) Select this option and specify how many destination lookup failure (DLF) packets
the port receives per second.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the switch.
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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Chapter 14 Mirroring 108
CHAPTER 14
Mirroring
This chapter shows you how to configure mirroring on the switch.
14.1 Overview
Port mirroring allows you to copy traffic going from one or all ports to another or all ports in
order that you can examine the traffic from the mirror port (the port you copy the traffic to)
without interference.
14.2 Port Mirroring Configuration
Click Advanced Application, Mirroring in the navigation panel to display the configuration
screen.
You must first select a monitor port. A monitor port is a port that copies the traffic of another
port. After you select a monitor port, configure a mirroring rule in the related fields
Figure 46 Mirroring
The following table describes the related labels in this screen.
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Table 26 Mirroring
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Active Clear this check box to deactivate port mirroring on the switch.
Monitor
Port
The monitor port is the port you copy the traffic to in order to examine it in more detail
without interfering with the traffic flow on the original port(s). Select this port from this
drop-down list box.
Port This field displays the port number.
Mirrored Select this option to mirror the traffic on a port.
Direction Specify the direction of the traffic to mirror. Choices are Egress (outgoing), Ingress
(incoming) and Both.
Apply Click Apply to save the changes.
Cancel Click Cancel to start configuring the screen again.
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Chapter 15 Link Aggregation 110
CHAPTER 15
Link Aggregation
This chapter shows you how to logically aggregate physical links to form one logical, higher-
bandwidth link.
15.1 Overview
Link aggregation (trunking) is the grouping of physical ports into one logical higher-capacity
link. You may want to trunk ports if for example, it is cheaper to use multiple lower-speed
links than to under-utilize a high-speed, but more costly, single-port link.
However, the more ports you aggregate then the fewer available ports you have. A trunk group
is one logical link containing multiple ports.
15.1.1 Dynamic Link Aggregation
The switch adheres to the IEEE 802.3ad standard for static and dynamic (LACP) port
trunking.
The switch supports the link aggregation IEEE802.3ad standard. This standard describes the
Link Aggregate Control Protocol (LACP), which is a protocol that dynamically creates and
manages trunk groups.
When you enable LACP link aggregation on a port, the port can automatically negotiate with
the ports at the remote end of a link to establish trunk groups. LACP also allows port
redundancy, that is, if an operational port fails, then one of the “standby” ports become
operational without user intervention. Please note that:
• You must connect all ports point-to-point to the same Ethernet switch and configure the
ports for LACP trunking.
• LACP only works on full-duplex links.
• All ports in the same trunk group must have the same media type, speed, duplex mode
and flow control settings.
Configure trunk groups or LACP before you connect the Ethernet switch to avoid causing
network topology loops.
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15.1.2 Link Aggregation ID
LACP aggregation ID consists of the following information1:
15.2 Link Aggregation Status
Click Advanced Application, Link Aggregation in the navigation panel. The Link
Aggregation Control Protocol Status screen displays by default.
Figure 47 Link Aggregation Control Protocol Status
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 27 Link Aggregation ID: Local Switch
SYSTEM PRIORITY MAC ADDRESS KEY PORT PRIORITY PORT NUMBER
0000 00-00-00-00-00 0000 00 0000
Table 28 Link Aggregation ID: Peer Switch
SYSTEM PRIORITY MAC ADDRESS KEY PORT PRIORITY PORT NUMBER
0000 00-00-00-00-00 0000 00 0000
1. Port Priority and Port Number are 0 as it is the aggregator ID for the trunk group, not the individual
port.
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15.3 Link Aggregation Setup
Click Configuration in the Link Aggregation Control Protocol Status screen to display the
screen shown next.
Table 29 Link Aggregation Control Protocol: Status
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Index This field displays the trunk ID to identify a trunk group, that is, one logical link
containing multiple ports.
Aggregator ID Refer to Section 15.1.2 on page 111 for more information on this field.
Enabled Port These are the ports you have configured in the Link Aggregation screen to be in the
trunk group.
Synchronized
Ports
These are the ports that are currently transmitting data as one logical link in this trunk
group.
Poll Interval(s) The text box displays how often (in seconds) this screen refreshes. You may change
the refresh interval by typing a new number in the text box and then clicking Set
Interval.
Stop Click Stop to halt statistic polling.
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Figure 48 Link Aggregation Control Protocol: Configuration
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 30 Link Aggregation Control Protocol: Configuration
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Link Aggregation Control Protocol
Active Select this checkbox to enable Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP).
System
Priority
LACP system priority is a number between 1 and 65,535. The switch with the lowest
system priority (and lowest port number if system priority is the same) becomes the
LACP “server”. The LACP “server” controls the operation of LACP setup. Enter a
number to set the priority of an active port using Link Aggregate Control Protocol
(LACP). The smaller the number, the higher the priority level.
Group ID The field identifies the link aggregation group, that is, one logical link containing
multiple ports
Active Select this option to activate a trunk group.
Dynamic
(LACP)
Select this check box to enable LACP for a trunk.
Port This field displays the port number.
Group Select the trunk group to which a port belongs.
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Chapter 15 Link Aggregation 114
LACP Timeout Timeout is the time interval between the individual port exchanges of LACP packets in
order to check that the peer port in the trunk group is still up. If a port does not respond
after three tries, then it is deemed to be “down” and is removed from the trunk. Set a
short timeout (one second) for busy trunked links to ensure that disabled ports are
removed from the trunk group as soon as possible. Select either 1 second or 30
seconds.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the switch.
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Table 30 Link Aggregation Control Protocol: Configuration (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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Chapter 16 Port Authentication 116
CHAPTER 16
Port Authentication
This chapter describes the 802.1x authentication method and RADIUS server connection
setup.
16.1 Overview
IEEE 802.1x is an extended authentication protocol2 that allows support of RADIUS (Remote
Authentication Dial In User Service, RFC 2138, 2139) for centralized user profile and
accounting management on a network RADIUS server.
16.1.1 RADIUS
RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service) authentication is a popular protocol
used to authenticate users by means of an external server instead of (or in addition to) an
internal device user database that is limited to the memory capacity of the device. In essence,
RADIUS authentication allows you to validate an unlimited number of users from a central
location.
Figure 49 RADIUS Server
16.2 Configuring Port Authentication
For network security, enable port authentication to check the identity of the user before access
to the network is allowed. The switch authenticates users against the remote RADIUS server
you specify.
To enable port authentication:
• activate IEEE802.1x security (both on the switch and the port(s))
• configure the RADIUS server settings.
2. At the time of writing, only Windows XP of the Microsoft operating systems supports it. See the Microsoft web site
for information on other Windows operating system support. For other operating systems, see its documentation.
If your operating system does not support 802.1x, then you may need to install 802.1x client software.
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Click Advanced Application, Port Authentication in the navigation panel to display the
screen as shown.
Figure 50 Port Authentication
16.2.1 Activating IEEE 802.1x Security
From the Port Authentication screen, display the configuration screen as shown.
Figure 51 Port Authentication: 802.1x
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 31 Port Authentication: 802.1x
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Active Select this check box to permit 802.1x authentication on the switch.
Note: You must first enable 802.1x authentication on the switch
before configuring it on each port.
Port This field displays a port number.
Active Select this checkbox to permit 802.1x authentication on this port. You must first
allow 802.1x authentication on the switch before configuring it on each port.
Reauthentication Specify if a subscriber has to periodically re-enter his or her username and
password to stay connected to the port.
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16.2.2 Configuring RADIUS Server Settings
From the Port Authentication screen, click RADIUS to display the configuration screen as
shown.
Figure 52 Port Authentication: RADIUS
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Reauthentication
Timer
Specify how often a client has to re-enter his or her username and password to stay
connected to the port.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the switch.
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Table 31 Port Authentication: 802.1x (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Table 32 Port Authentication: RADIUS
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Authentication Server
IP Address Enter the IP address of the external RADIUS server in dotted decimal notation.
UDP Port The default port of the RADIUS server for authentication is 1812. You need not
change this value unless your network administrator instructs you to do so.
Shared Secret Specify a password (up to 32 alphanumeric characters) as the key to be shared
between the external RADIUS server and the switch. This key is not sent over the
network. This key must be the same on the external RADIUS server and the switch.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the switch.
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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Chapter 17 Port Security 120
CHAPTER 17
Port Security
This chapter shows you how to set up port security.
17.1 Overview
Port security allows only packets with dynamically learned MAC addresses and/or configured
static MAC addresses to pass through a port on the switch.
For maximum port security, enable this feature, disable MAC address learning and configure
static MAC address(es) for a port. It is not recommended you disable Port Security together
with MAC address learning as this will result in many broadcasts.
17.2 Port Security Setup
Click Advanced Application, Port Security in the navigation panel to display the screen as
shown.
Figure 53 Port Security
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
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Table 33 Port Security
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Active Select this check box to enable port security on the switch.
Port This field displays a port number.
Active Select this check box to enable the port security feature on this port. The switch
forwards packets whose MAC address(es) is in the MAC address table on this port.
Packets with no matching MAC address(es) are dropped.
Clear this check box to disable the port security feature. The switch forwards all
packets on this port.
Address
Learning
MAC address learning reduces outgoing broadcast traffic. For MAC address learning
to occur on a port, the port itself must be active with address learning enabled.
Limited Number
of Learned MAC
Address
Use this field to limit the number of (dynamic) MAC addresses that may be learned
on a port. For example, if you set this field to "5" on port 2, then only the devices with
these five learned MAC addresses may access port 2 at any one time. A sixth device
would have to wait until one of the five learned MAC addresses aged out. MAC
address aging out time can be set in the Switch Setup screen. The valid range is
from 0 to 16K. “0” means this feature is disabled, so the switch will learn MAC
addresses up to the global limit of 16K.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the switch.
Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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Chapter 18 Classifier 122
CHAPTER 18
Classifier
This chapter introduces and shows you how to configure the packet classifier on the switch.
18.1 Overview
Quality of Service (QoS) refers to both a network’s ability to deliver data with minimum
delay, and the networking methods used to control the use of bandwidth. Without QoS, all
traffic data is equally likely to be dropped when the network is congested. This can cause a
reduction in network performance and make the network inadequate for time-critical
application such as video-on-demand.
A layer-2 classifier groups traffic according to the Ethernet type, VLAN group, MAC address
and/or port number. A layer-3 classifier groups traffic according to the IP address and/or TCP/
UDP protocol number.
Configure QoS on the switch to group and prioritize application traffic and fine-tune network
performance. Setting up QoS involves two separate steps:
1Configure classifiers to sort traffic into different flows.
2Configure policy rules to define actions to be performed for a classified traffic flow (refer
to Chapter 19 on page 128 to configure policy rules).
18.2 Configuring the Classifier
Use the Classifier screen to define the classifiers. After you define the classifier, you can
specify actions (or policy) to act upon the traffic that match the rules. To configure policy
rules, refer to Chapter 19 on page 128.
Click Advanced Application and Classifier in the navigation panel to display the
configuration screen as shown.
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Figure 54 Classifier
The following table describes the related labels in this screen.
Table 34 Classifier
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Active Select this option to enable this rule.
Name Type a descriptive name (up to 32 printable ASCII characters) for this rule. This is for
identification purpose only.
Packet Format Specify the format of the packet. Choices are All, 802.3 tagged, 802.3 untagged,
Ethernet II tagged and Ethernet II untagged.
A value of 802.3 indicates that the packets are formatted according to the IEEE 802.3
standards.
A value of Ethernet II indicates that the packets are formatted according to RFC 894,
Ethernet II encapsulation.
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Chapter 18 Classifier 124
Layer 2
Specify the fields below to configure a layer-2 classifier.
VLAN Select Any to classify traffic from any VLAN or select the second option and specify
the source VLAN ID in the field provided.
Priority Select Any to classify traffic from any priority level or select MAC and specify a priority
level in the field provided.
Ethernet Type Select an Ethernet type or select Other and enter the Ethernet type number in
hexadecimal value. Refer to Table 36 on page 125 for information.
Select All if you don’t know.
Source
MAC Address Select Any to apply the rule to all MAC addresses.
To specify a source, select MAC and type a MAC address in valid MAC address format
(six hexadecimal character pairs).
Port Select the port to which the rule should be applied. You may choose one port only or all
ports (All Ports).
Destination
MAC Address Select Any to apply the rule to all MAC addresses.
To specify a destination, select the second choice and type a MAC address in valid
MAC address format (six hexadecimal character pairs).
Layer 3
Specify the fields below to configure a layer 3 classifier.
DSCP Select Any to classify traffic from any DSCP or select the second option and specify a
DSCP (DiffServ Code Point) number between 0 and 63 in the field provided.
IP Protocol Select an IP protocol type or select Other and enter the protocol number in decimal
value. Refer to Table 37 on page 126 for more information.
You may select Establish Only for TCP protocol type. This means that the switch will
pick out the packets that are sent to establish TCP connections.
Source
IP Address/
Address Prefix
Enter a source IP address in dotted decimal notation.
Specify the address prefix by entering the number of ones in the subnet mask.
Socket
Number Note: You must select either UDP or TCP in the IP Protocol field
before you configure the socket numbers.
Select Any to apply the rule to all TCP/UDP protocol port numbers or select the
second option and enter a TCP/UDP protocol port number.
Destination
IP Address/
Address Prefix
Enter a destination IP address in dotted decimal notation.
Specify the address prefix by entering the number of ones in the subnet mask.
Socket
Number Note: You must select either UDP or TCP in the IP Protocol field
before you configure the socket numbers.
Select Any to apply the rule to all TCP/UDP protocol port numbers or select the
second option and enter a TCP/UDP protocol port number.
Add Click Add to save the changes.
Table 34 Classifier (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
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18.3 Viewing and Editing Classifier Configuration
To view a summary of the classifier configuration, scroll down to the summary table at the
bottom of the Classifier screen. To change the settings of a rule, click a number in the Index
field. When two rules conflict with each other, a higher layer rule has priority over lower layer
rule.
Figure 55 Classifier: Summary Table
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
The following table shows some other common Ethernet types and the corresponding protocol
number.
Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields back to your previous configuration.
Clear Click Clear to set the above fields back to the factory defaults.
Table 34 Classifier (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Table 35 Classifier: Summary Table
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Index This field displays the index number of the rule. Click an index number to edit the rule.
Active This field displays Yes when the rule is activated and No when is it deactivated.
Name This field displays the descriptive name for this rule. This is for identification purpose only.
Rule This field displays a summary of the classifier rule’s settings.
Delete Click Delete to remove the selected entry from the summary table.
Cancel Click Cancel to clear the Delete check boxes.
Table 36 Common Ethernet Types and Protocol Number
ETHERNET TYPE PROTOCOL NUMBER
IP ETHII 0800
X.75 Internet 0801
NBS Internet 0802
ECMA Internet 0803
Chaosnet 0804
X.25 Level 3 0805
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Chapter 18 Classifier 126
Some of the most common IP ports are:
18.4 Classifier Example
The following screen shows an example where you configure a classifier that identifies all
traffic from MAC address 00:50:ba:ad:4f:81 on port 2.
After you have configured a classifier, you can configure a policy (in the Policy screen) to
define action(s) on the classified traffic flow.
XNS Compat 0807
Banyan Systems 0BAD
BBN Simnet 5208
IBM SNA 80D5
AppleTalk AARP 80F3
Table 37 Common IP Ports
PORT NUMBER PORT NAME
21 FTP
23 Telnet
25 SMTP
53 DNS
80 HTTP
110 POP3
Table 36 Common Ethernet Types and Protocol Number (continued)
ETHERNET TYPE PROTOCOL NUMBER