Zyxel Communications Webcam Users Manual
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P-870HN-51D
802.11n Wireless VDSL2 4-port Gateway
Default Login Details
IP Address
https://192.168.1.1
User Name
admin
Password
1234
Firmware Version 1.01
Edition 1, 07/2010
www.zyxel.com
www.zyxel.com
Copyright © 2010
ZyXEL Communications Corporation
About This User's Guide
About This User's Guide
Intended Audience
This manual is intended for people who want to configure the P-870HN-51D using
the web configurator.
Related Documentation
• Quick Start Guide
The Quick Start Guide is designed to help you get up and running right away. It
contains information on setting up your network and configuring for Internet
access.
• Support Disc
Refer to the included CD for support documents.
Documentation Feedback
Send your comments, questions or suggestions to: techwriters@zyxel.com.tw
Thank you!
The Technical Writing Team, ZyXEL Communications Corp.,
6 Innovation Road II, Science-Based Industrial Park, Hsinchu, 30099, Taiwan.
Need More Help?
More help is available at www.zyxel.com.
P-870HN-51D User’s Guide
3
About This User's Guide
• Download Library
Search for the latest product updates and documentation from this link. Read
the Tech Doc Overview to find out how to efficiently use the User Guide, Quick
Start Guide and Command Line Interface Reference Guide in order to better
understand how to use your product.
• Knowledge Base
If you have a specific question about your product, the answer may be here.
This is a collection of answers to previously asked questions about ZyXEL
products.
• Forum
This contains discussions on ZyXEL products. Learn from others who use ZyXEL
products and share your experiences as well.
Customer Support
Should problems arise that cannot be solved by the methods listed above, you
should contact your vendor. If you cannot contact your vendor, then contact a
ZyXEL office for the region in which you bought the device.
See http://www.zyxel.com/web/contact_us.php for contact information. Please
have the following information ready when you contact an office.
• Product model and serial number.
• Warranty Information.
• Date that you received your device.
• Brief description of the problem and the steps you took to solve it.
4
P-870HN-51D User’s Guide
Document Conventions
Document Conventions
Warnings and Notes
These are how warnings and notes are shown in this User’s Guide.
Warnings tell you about things that could harm you or your device.
Note: Notes tell you other important information (for example, other things you may
need to configure or helpful tips) or recommendations.
Syntax Conventions
• The P-2812HNU-51c may be referred to as the “P-870HN-51D”, the “device”,
the “system” or the “product” in this User’s Guide.
• Product labels, screen names, field labels and field choices are all in bold font.
• A key stroke is denoted by square brackets and uppercase text, for example,
[ENTER] means the “enter” or “return” key on your keyboard.
• “Enter” means for you to type one or more characters and then press the
[ENTER] key. “Select” or “choose” means for you to use one of the predefined
choices.
• A right angle bracket ( > ) within a screen name denotes a mouse click. For
example, Maintenance > Log > Log Setting means you first click
Maintenance in the navigation panel, then the Log sub menu and finally the
Log Setting tab to get to that screen.
• Units of measurement may denote the “metric” value or the “scientific” value.
For example, “k” for kilo may denote “1000” or “1024”, “M” for mega may
denote “1000000” or “1048576” and so on.
• “e.g.,” is a shorthand for “for instance”, and “i.e.,” means “that is” or “in other
words”.
P-870HN-51D User’s Guide
5
Document Conventions
Icons Used in Figures
Figures in this User’s Guide may use the following generic icons. The P-870HN51D icon is not an exact representation of your device.
6
P-870HN-51D
Computer
Notebook computer
Server
DSLAM
Firewall
Telephone
Switch
Router
P-870HN-51D User’s Guide
Safety Warnings
Safety Warnings
• Do NOT use this product near water, for example, in a wet basement or near a swimming
pool.
• Do NOT expose your device to dampness, dust or corrosive liquids.
• Do NOT store things on the device.
• Do NOT install, use, or service this device during a thunderstorm. There is a remote risk
of electric shock from lightning.
• Connect ONLY suitable accessories to the device.
• Do NOT open the device or unit. Opening or removing covers can expose you to
dangerous high voltage points or other risks. ONLY qualified service personnel should
service or disassemble this device. Please contact your vendor for further information.
• Make sure to connect the cables to the correct ports.
• Place connecting cables carefully so that no one will step on them or stumble over them.
• Always disconnect all cables from this device before servicing or disassembling.
• Use ONLY an appropriate power adaptor or cord for your device.
• Connect the power adaptor or cord to the right supply voltage (for example, 110V AC in
North America or 230V AC in Europe).
• Do NOT allow anything to rest on the power adaptor or cord and do NOT place the
product where anyone can walk on the power adaptor or cord.
• Do NOT use the device if the power adaptor or cord is damaged as it might cause
electrocution.
• If the power adaptor or cord is damaged, remove it from the device and the power
source.
• Do NOT attempt to repair the power adaptor or cord. Contact your local vendor to order a
new one.
• Do not use the device outside, and make sure all the connections are indoors. There is a
remote risk of electric shock from lightning.
• Do NOT obstruct the device ventilation slots, as insufficient airflow may harm your
device.
• Use only No. 26 AWG (American Wire Gauge) or larger telecommunication line cord.
• Antenna Warning! This device meets ETSI and FCC certification requirements when using
the included antenna(s). Only use the included antenna(s).
• If you wall mount your device, make sure that no electrical lines, gas or water pipes will
be damaged.
Your product is marked with this symbol, which is known as the WEEE mark. WEEE
stands for Waste Electronics and Electrical Equipment. It means that used electrical
and electronic products should not be mixed with general waste. Used electrical and
electronic equipment should be treated separately.
P-870HN-51D User’s Guide
7
Safety Warnings
8
P-870HN-51D User’s Guide
Contents Overview
Contents Overview
User’s Guide ........................................................................................................................... 19
Introducing the P-870HN-51D ................................................................................................... 21
Tutorials ..................................................................................................................................... 27
Introducing the Web Configurator .............................................................................................. 47
Technical Reference .............................................................................................................. 53
Status Screens .......................................................................................................................... 55
WAN Setup ................................................................................................................................ 69
LAN Setup ................................................................................................................................. 91
Wireless LAN ............................................................................................................................. 99
Network Address Translation (NAT) ........................................................................................ 129
Firewall .................................................................................................................................... 141
Certificate ................................................................................................................................ 147
Static Route ............................................................................................................................. 159
Policy Forwarding .................................................................................................................... 163
RIP ........................................................................................................................................... 167
Quality of Service (QoS) .......................................................................................................... 169
Dynamic DNS Setup ................................................................................................................ 189
Remote Management .............................................................................................................. 191
Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) ............................................................................................. 197
Parental Control ....................................................................................................................... 209
Interface Group ........................................................................................................................ 213
System Settings ....................................................................................................................... 219
Logs ........................................................................................................................................ 223
Tools ........................................................................................................................................ 227
Diagnostic ................................................................................................................................ 235
Troubleshooting ....................................................................................................................... 239
Product Specifications ............................................................................................................. 247
P-870HN-51D User’s Guide
9
Contents Overview
10
P-870HN-51D User’s Guide
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
About This User's Guide .......................................................................................................... 3
Document Conventions............................................................................................................ 5
Safety Warnings........................................................................................................................ 7
Contents Overview ................................................................................................................... 9
Table of Contents.................................................................................................................... 11
Part I: User’s Guide................................................................................ 19
Chapter 1
Introducing the P-870HN-51D ................................................................................................ 21
1.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 21
1.2 P-870HN-51D for Internet Access ...................................................................................... 21
1.3 Ways to Manage the P-870HN-51D .................................................................................... 22
1.4 Good Habits for Managing the P-870HN-51D ..................................................................... 22
1.5 LEDs (Lights) ....................................................................................................................... 23
1.6 The RESET Button .............................................................................................................. 25
1.6.1 Using the Reset Button .............................................................................................. 25
1.7 The WPS Button .................................................................................................................. 25
1.7.1 Turn the Wireless LAN Off or On ............................................................................... 25
1.7.2 Activate WPS ............................................................................................................. 25
Chapter 2
Tutorials ................................................................................................................................... 27
2.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 27
2.2 How to Set up a Wireless Network ...................................................................................... 27
2.2.1 Example Parameters .................................................................................................. 27
2.2.2 Configuring the AP ..................................................................................................... 28
2.2.3 Configuring the Wireless Client .................................................................................. 30
2.3 Configuring the MAC Address Filter .................................................................................... 36
2.4 Setting Up NAT Port Forwarding ......................................................................................... 37
2.4.1 Port Forwarding .......................................................................................................... 37
2.5 Access the P-870HN-51D Using DDNS .............................................................................. 38
2.5.1 Registering a DDNS Account on www.dyndns.org .................................................... 39
2.5.2 Configuring DDNS on Your P-870HN-51D ................................................................. 39
P-870HN-51D User’s Guide
11
Table of Contents
2.5.3 Testing the DDNS Setting .......................................................................................... 40
2.6 Configuring Static Route for Routing to Another Network ................................................... 40
2.7 Configuring QoS Queue and Class Setup ........................................................................... 43
Chapter 3
Introducing the Web Configurator ........................................................................................ 47
3.1 Web Configurator Overview ................................................................................................. 47
3.1.1 Accessing the Web Configurator ................................................................................ 47
3.2 Web Configurator Main Screen ........................................................................................... 48
3.2.1 Navigation Panel ........................................................................................................ 49
3.2.2 Main Window .............................................................................................................. 51
3.2.3 Status Bar ................................................................................................................... 51
Part II: Technical Reference .................................................................. 53
Chapter 4
Status Screens ........................................................................................................................ 55
4.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 55
4.2 Status Screen ...................................................................................................................... 55
4.2.1 WAN Service Statistics ............................................................................................... 58
4.2.2 Route Info ................................................................................................................... 60
4.2.3 WLAN Station List ...................................................................................................... 61
4.2.4 VDSL Statistics ........................................................................................................... 62
4.2.5 LAN Statistics ............................................................................................................. 66
4.2.6 Client List ................................................................................................................... 66
Chapter 5
WAN Setup............................................................................................................................... 69
5.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 69
5.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter .............................................................................. 69
5.2 What You Need to Know ...................................................................................................... 70
5.3 Before You Begin ................................................................................................................. 71
5.4 The Layer 2 Interface Screen .............................................................................................. 71
5.4.1 Layer 2 Interface Configuration .................................................................................. 72
5.5 The Internet Connection Screen .......................................................................................... 73
5.5.1 WAN Connection Configuration ................................................................................. 74
5.6 Technical Reference ............................................................................................................ 84
Chapter 6
LAN Setup................................................................................................................................ 91
6.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 91
12
P-870HN-51D User’s Guide
Table of Contents
6.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter .............................................................................. 91
6.2 What You Need To Know ..................................................................................................... 92
6.3 The LAN IP Screen .............................................................................................................. 93
6.4 Technical Reference ............................................................................................................ 95
Chapter 7
Wireless LAN........................................................................................................................... 99
7.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 99
7.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter .............................................................................. 99
7.2 What You Need to Know .................................................................................................... 100
7.3 Before You Begin ............................................................................................................... 102
7.4 The General Screen ......................................................................................................... 102
7.4.1 No Security ............................................................................................................... 104
7.4.2 WEP Encryption ....................................................................................................... 106
7.4.3 WPA(2)-PSK ............................................................................................................ 107
7.4.4 WPA(2) Authentication ............................................................................................. 108
7.4.5 MAC Filter
............................................................................................................110
7.4.6 Adding a New MAC Filtering Rule
........................................................................111
7.5 The More AP Screen .........................................................................................................112
7.5.1 More AP Edit .............................................................................................................113
7.6 The WPS Screen ...............................................................................................................113
7.7 The WPS Station Screen ...................................................................................................115
7.8 The Advanced Setup Screen .............................................................................................116
7.9 Technical Reference ...........................................................................................................117
7.9.1 Wireless Network Overview ......................................................................................118
7.9.2 Additional Wireless Terms .........................................................................................119
7.9.3 Wireless Security Overview ......................................................................................119
7.9.4 WiFi Protected Setup ............................................................................................... 121
Chapter 8
Network Address Translation (NAT).................................................................................... 129
8.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................... 129
8.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ............................................................................ 129
8.2 What You Need to Know .................................................................................................... 129
8.3 The Port Forwarding Screen ............................................................................................. 130
8.3.1 The Port Forwarding Edit Screen ............................................................................ 132
8.4 The Trigger Port Screen .................................................................................................... 133
8.4.1 Trigger Port Configuration ....................................................................................... 136
8.5 The DMZ Host Screen ....................................................................................................... 137
8.6 The ALG Screen ............................................................................................................... 138
8.7 Technical Reference .......................................................................................................... 138
Chapter 9
Firewall................................................................................................................................... 141
P-870HN-51D User’s Guide
13
Table of Contents
9.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................... 141
9.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ............................................................................ 141
9.2 What You Need to Know .................................................................................................... 141
9.3 The Firewall Screen ........................................................................................................... 142
9.3.1 Creating Incoming Firewall Rules
.......................................................................... 144
Chapter 10
Certificate .............................................................................................................................. 147
10.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 147
10.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter .......................................................................... 147
10.2 What You Need to Know .................................................................................................. 147
10.3 The Local Certificates Screen ......................................................................................... 148
10.3.1 Create Certificate Request .................................................................................... 149
10.3.2 Import Certificate ................................................................................................... 150
10.3.3 Certificate Details .................................................................................................. 152
10.3.4 Load Signed Certificate .......................................................................................... 153
10.4 The Trusted CA Screen ................................................................................................... 154
10.4.1 View Trusted CA Certificate ................................................................................... 156
10.4.2 Import Trusted CA Certificate ................................................................................. 157
Chapter 11
Static Route ........................................................................................................................... 159
11.1 Overview
....................................................................................................................... 159
11.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter ........................................................................... 159
11.2 The Static Route Screen .................................................................................................. 160
11.2.1 Static Route Edit ................................................................................................... 161
Chapter 12
Policy Forwarding................................................................................................................. 163
12.1 Overview
....................................................................................................................... 163
12.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter .......................................................................... 163
12.2 The Static Route Screen .................................................................................................. 163
12.2.1 Policy Forwarding Setup
...................................................................................... 164
Chapter 13
RIP .......................................................................................................................................... 167
13.1 Overview
....................................................................................................................... 167
13.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter .......................................................................... 167
13.2 The RIP Screen ............................................................................................................... 167
Chapter 14
Quality of Service (QoS)....................................................................................................... 169
14.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................... 169
14
P-870HN-51D User’s Guide
Table of Contents
14.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter .......................................................................... 169
14.2 What You Need to Know .................................................................................................. 170
14.3 The Quality of Service General Screen .......................................................................... 170
14.4 The Queue Setup Screen ................................................................................................ 172
14.4.1 Adding a QoS Queue ............................................................................................ 173
14.5 The Class Setup Screen ................................................................................................ 174
14.5.1 QoS Class Edit ...................................................................................................... 176
14.6 The Policer Setup Screen
............................................................................................ 180
14.6.1 Policer Setup Add/Edit ........................................................................................... 181
14.7 The QoS Monitor Screen ................................................................................................ 183
14.8 Technical Reference ........................................................................................................ 184
14.8.1 Automatic Priority Queue Assignment ................................................................... 185
14.8.2 Traffic Policing Meter Types ................................................................................... 186
Chapter 15
Dynamic DNS Setup ............................................................................................................. 189
15.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................... 189
15.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter .......................................................................... 189
15.2 What You Need To Know ................................................................................................. 189
15.3 The Dynamic DNS Screen .............................................................................................. 190
Chapter 16
Remote Management............................................................................................................ 191
16.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 191
16.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter .......................................................................... 191
16.2 The TR-069 Screen ......................................................................................................... 191
16.3 The TR-064 Screen ......................................................................................................... 193
16.4 The Service Control Screen ............................................................................................ 194
16.5 The IP Address Screen ................................................................................................... 195
16.5.1 Adding an IP Address ............................................................................................ 196
Chapter 17
Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP).......................................................................................... 197
17.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................... 197
17.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter .......................................................................... 197
17.2 What You Need to Know .................................................................................................. 197
17.3 The UPnP Screen ............................................................................................................ 198
17.4 Installing UPnP in Windows Example .............................................................................. 199
17.5 Using UPnP in Windows XP Example ............................................................................. 202
Chapter 18
Parental Control .................................................................................................................... 209
18.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 209
P-870HN-51D User’s Guide
15
Table of Contents
18.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter .......................................................................... 209
18.2 The Time Restriction Screen ........................................................................................... 209
18.2.1 Adding a Schedule ................................................................................................. 210
18.3 The URL Filter Screen ......................................................................................................211
18.3.1 Adding URL Filter ................................................................................................... 212
Chapter 19
Interface Group ..................................................................................................................... 213
19.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 213
19.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter .......................................................................... 213
19.2 The Interface Group Screen ............................................................................................ 213
19.2.1 Interface Group Configuration ................................................................................ 215
19.2.2 Interface Grouping Criteria ..................................................................................... 216
Chapter 20
System Settings .................................................................................................................... 219
20.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 219
20.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter .......................................................................... 219
20.2 The General Screen ........................................................................................................ 219
20.3 The Time Setting Screen ................................................................................................ 220
Chapter 21
Logs ...................................................................................................................................... 223
21.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................... 223
21.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter .......................................................................... 223
21.2 The View Log Screen ...................................................................................................... 223
21.3 The Log Settings Screen ................................................................................................. 224
Chapter 22
Tools....................................................................................................................................... 227
22.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 227
22.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter .......................................................................... 227
22.2 The Firmware Screen ...................................................................................................... 228
22.3 The Configuration Screen ................................................................................................ 230
22.4 The Restart Screen ......................................................................................................... 232
Chapter 23
Diagnostic.............................................................................................................................. 235
23.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 235
23.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter .......................................................................... 235
23.2 What You Need to Know .................................................................................................. 235
23.3 The General Diagnostic Screen ...................................................................................... 236
23.4 The 802.1ag Screen ........................................................................................................ 237
16
P-870HN-51D User’s Guide
Table of Contents
Chapter 24
Troubleshooting.................................................................................................................... 239
24.1 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs ...................................................................... 239
24.2 P-870HN-51D Access and Login ..................................................................................... 240
24.3 Internet Access ................................................................................................................ 242
24.4 Wireless LAN Troubleshooting ........................................................................................ 244
Chapter 25
Product Specifications ......................................................................................................... 247
25.1 Hardware Specifications .................................................................................................. 247
25.2 Firmware Specifications ................................................................................................... 247
Appendix A Network Troubleshooting .................................................................................. 253
Appendix B Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address ........................................................... 269
Appendix C Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions ...................................... 299
Appendix D IP Addresses and Subnetting ........................................................................... 309
Appendix E Wireless LANs .................................................................................................. 321
Appendix F Common Services............................................................................................. 337
Appendix G Open Software Announcements....................................................................... 341
Appendix H Legal Information .............................................................................................. 355
Index....................................................................................................................................... 359
P-870HN-51D User’s Guide
17
Table of Contents
18
P-870HN-51D User’s Guide
P ART I
User’s Guide
19
20
CHAPTER
1
Introducing the P-870HN-51D
1.1 Overview
The P-870HN-51D is a VDSL2 device that allows super-fast, secure Internet
access. It extends the range of your existing wired network without additional
wiring, providing easy network access to mobile users. You can set up a wireless
network with other IEEE 802.11b/g/n compatible devices. A range of services such
as a firewall and content filtering are also available for secure Internet computing.
The P-870HN-51D supports Quality of Service (QoS) to efficiently manage traffic
on your network by giving priority to certain types of traffic and/or to particular
computers.
Please refer to the following description of the product name format.
• “H” denotes an integrated 4-port hub (switch).
• “N” denotes IEEE 802.11n wireless functionality. There is an embedded mini-PCI
module for IEEE 802.11b/g/n wireless LAN connectivity.
Only use firmware for your P-870HN-51D’s specific model. Refer to
the label on the bottom of your P-870HN-51D.
Models ending in “1”, for example P-870HN-51D, denote a device that works over
the analog telephone system, POTS (Plain Old Telephone Service).
See Chapter 25 on page 247 for a full list of features.
1.2 P-870HN-51D for Internet Access
Your P-870HN-51D provides shared Internet access by connecting the DSL port to
the DSL or MODEM jack on a splitter or your telephone jack. You can have up to
seven WAN services over one VDSL WAN line.
P-870HN-51D User’s Guide
21
Chapter 1 Introducing the P-870HN-51D
Computers can connect to the P-870HN-51D’s LAN ports (or wirelessly).
Figure 1 P-870HN-51D’s Internet Access Application
WLAN
WAN
Bridging
IPoE
PPPoE
VDSL
LAN
You can also configure the firewall on the P-870HN-51D for secure Internet
access. When the firewall is on, all incoming traffic from the Internet to your
network is blocked by default unless it is initiated from your network. This means
that probes from the outside to your network are not allowed, but you can safely
browse the Internet and download files.
1.3 Ways to Manage the P-870HN-51D
Use any of the following methods to manage the P-870HN-51D.
• Web Configurator. This is recommended for everyday management of the P870HN-51D using a (supported) web browser.
• TR-069. This is an auto-configuration server used to remotely configure your
device.
1.4 Good Habits for Managing the P-870HN-51D
Do the following things regularly to make the P-870HN-51D more secure and to
manage the P-870HN-51D more effectively.
• Change the password. Use a password that’s not easy to guess and that consists
of different types of characters, such as numbers and letters.
• Write down the password and put it in a safe place.
22
P-870HN-51D User’s Guide
Chapter 1 Introducing the P-870HN-51D
• Back up the configuration (and make sure you know how to restore it).
Restoring an earlier working configuration may be useful if the device becomes
unstable or even crashes. If you forget your password, you will have to reset the
P-870HN-51D to its factory default settings. If you backed up an earlier
configuration file, you would not have to totally re-configure the P-870HN-51D.
You could simply restore your last configuration.
1.5 LEDs (Lights)
The following graphic displays the labels of the LEDs.
Figure 2 LEDs on the Device
P-870HN-51D User’s Guide
23
Chapter 1 Introducing the P-870HN-51D
None of the LEDs are on if the P-870HN-51D is not receiving power.
Table 1 LED Descriptions
LED
COLO
R
STATUS DESCRIPTION
PWR/SYS
Green
On
The P-870HN-51D is receiving power and ready for use.
Blinking
The P-870HN-51D is self-testing.
On
The P-870HN-51D detected an error while self-testing, or
there is a device malfunction.
Off
The P-870HN-51D is not receiving power.
On
The P-870HN-51D has a successful 10 Mbps Ethernet
connection with a device on the Local Area Network
(LAN).
Blinking
The P-870HN-51D is sending or receiving data to/from
the LAN at 10 Mbps.
Red
ETHERNET
1-4
Green
Orange On
WLAN/
WPS
Green
Blinking
The P-870HN-51D is sending or receiving data to/from
the LAN at 100 Mbps.
Off
The P-870HN-51D does not have an Ethernet connection
with the LAN.
On
The wireless network is activated and is operating in IEEE
802.11b/g/n mode.
Blinking
The P-870HN-51D is communicating with other wireless
clients at 2 Hz/s.
Orange Blinking
DSL
INTERNET
Green
Green
The P-870HN-51D has a successful 100 Mbps Ethernet
connection with a device on the Local Area Network
(LAN).
The P-870HN-51D is setting up a WPS connection.
Off
The wireless network is not activated.
On
The VDSL line is up.
Blinking
The P-870HN-51D is initializing the VDSL line.
Off
The DSL line is down.
On
The P-870HN-51D has an IP connection but no traffic.
Your device has a WAN IP address (either static or
assigned by a DHCP server), PPP negotiation was
successfully completed (if used) and the DSL connection
is up.
Red
Blinking
The P-870HN-51D is sending or receiving IP traffic.
On
The P-870HN-51D attempted to make an IP connection
but failed. Possible causes are no response from a DHCP
server, no PPPoE response, PPPoE authentication failed.
Off
The P-870HN-51D does not have an IP connection.
Refer to the Quick Start Guide for information on hardware connections.
24
P-870HN-51D User’s Guide
Chapter 1 Introducing the P-870HN-51D
1.6 The RESET Button
If you forget your password or cannot access the web configurator, you will need
to use the RESET button at the back of the device to reload the factory-default
configuration file. This means that you will lose all configurations that you had
previously and the password will be reset to “1234”.
1.6.1 Using the Reset Button
1
Make sure the POWER LED is on (not blinking).
2
To set the device back to the factory default settings, press the RESET button for
ten seconds or until the POWER LED begins to blink and then release it. When the
POWER LED begins to blink, the defaults have been restored and the device
restarts.
1.7 The WPS Button
You can use the WPS button on the rear panel of the device to turn the wireless
LAN off or on. You can also use it to activate WPS in order to quickly set up a
wireless network with strong security. Refer to Section 7.9.4 on page 121 for more
information on WPS.
1.7.1 Turn the Wireless LAN Off or On
1
Make sure the POWER LED is on (not blinking).
2
Press the WPS button for one second and release it. The WLAN/WPS LED should
change from on to off or vice versa.
1.7.2 Activate WPS
1
Make sure the POWER LED is on (not blinking).
2
Select Active Wireless LAN and configure the SSID and security settings in the
Network > Wireless LAN screen. Click Apply then.
3
Make sure the WLAN LED is on.
P-870HN-51D User’s Guide
25
Chapter 1 Introducing the P-870HN-51D
4
Press the WPS button for more than five seconds and release it. Press the WPS
button on another WPS -enabled device within range of the P-870HN-51D. The
WLAN/WPS LED should flash while the P-870HN-51D sets up a WPS connection
with the wireless device.
Note: You must activate WPS in the P-870HN-51D and in another wireless device
within two minutes of each other. See Section 7.9.4 on page 121 for more
information.
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CHAPTER
2
Tutorials
2.1 Overview
This chapter describes:
• How to Set up a Wireless Network on page 27.
• Configuring the MAC Address Filter on page 36.
• Setting Up NAT Port Forwarding on page 37.
• Access the P-870HN-51D Using DDNS on page 38.
• Configuring Static Route for Routing to Another Network on page 40.
• Configuring QoS Queue and Class Setup on page 43.
Note: The tutorials featured in this chapter require a basic understanding of
connecting to and using the Web Configurator on your P-870HN-51D. For
details, see the included Quick Start Guide. For field descriptions of individual
screens, see the related technical reference in this User's Guide.
2.2 How to Set up a Wireless Network
This tutorial gives you examples of how to set up an access point and wireless
client for wireless communication using the following parameters. The wireless
clients can access the Internet through an AP wirelessly.
2.2.1 Example Parameters
SSID
SSID_Example3
Security
WPA-PSK
(Pre-Shared Key: ThisismyWPA-PSKpre-sharedkey)
802.11 mode
IEEE 802.11b/g/n Mixed
An access point (AP) or wireless router is referred to as “AP” and a computer with
a wireless network card or USB/PCI adapter is referred to as “wireless client” here.
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Chapter 2 Tutorials
We use the P-870HN-51D web screens and M-302 utility screens as an example.
The screens may vary slightly for different models.
2.2.2 Configuring the AP
Follow the steps below to configure the wireless settings on your AP.
1
Open the Network > Wireless LAN screen in the AP’s web configurator.
Figure 3 AP: Wireless LAN
28
2
Make sure the Active Wireless LAN check box is selected.
3
Enter “SSID_Example3” as the SSID and select Auto to have the P-870HN-51D
automatically determine a channel which is not used by another AP.
4
Set security mode to WPA-PSK and enter “ThisismyWPA-PSKpre-sharedkey” in
the Pre-Shared Key field. Click Apply.
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5
Click the Advanced Setup tab and select 802.11b/g/n Mixed in the 802.11
Mode field. Click Apply.
Figure 4 AP: Wireless LAN > Advanced Setup
6
Open the Status screen.Verify your wireless and wireless security settings under
Device Information and check if the WLAN connection is up under Interface
Status.
Figure 5 AP: Status
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7
Click the WLAN Station List hyperlink in the AP’s Status screen. You can see if
any wireless client has connected to the AP.
Figure 6 AP: Status: WLAN Station List
2.2.3 Configuring the Wireless Client
This section describes how to connect the wireless client to a network.
2.2.3.1 Connecting to a Wireless LAN
The following sections show you how to join a wireless network using the ZyXEL
utility, as in the following diagram. The wireless client is labeled C and the access
point is labeled AP.
C
AP
There are three ways to connect the client to an access point.
• Configure nothing and leave the wireless client to automatically scan for and
connect to any available network that has no wireless security configured.
• Manually connect to a network.
• Configure a profile to have the wireless client automatically connect to a specific
network or peer computer.
This example illustrates how to manually connect your wireless client to an access
point (AP) which is configured for WPA-PSK security and connected to the
Internet. Before you connect to the access point, you must know its Service Set
IDentity (SSID) and WPA-PSK pre-shared key. In this example, the SSID is
“SSID_Example3” and the pre-shared key is “ThisismyWPA-PSKpre-sharedkey”.
After you install the ZyXEL utility and then insert the wireless client, follow the
steps below to connect to a network using the Site Survey screen.
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1
Open the ZyXEL utility and click the Site Survey tab to open the screen shown
next.
Figure 7 ZyXEL Utility: Site Survey
2
The wireless client automatically searches for available wireless networks. Click
Scan if you want to search again. If no entry displays in the Available Network
List, that means there is no wireless network available within range. Make sure
the AP or peer computer is turned on or move the wireless client closer to the AP
or peer computer.
3
When you try to connect to an AP with security configured, a window will pop up
prompting you to specify the security settings. Enter the pre-shared key and leave
the encryption type at the default setting.
Use the Next button to move on to the next screen. You can use the Back button
at any time to return to the previous screen, or the Exit button to return to the
Site Survey screen.
Figure 8 ZyXEL Utility: Security Settings
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4
The Confirm Save window appears. Check your settings and click Save to
continue.
Figure 9 ZyXEL Utility: Confirm Save
5
The ZyXEL utility returns to the Link Info screen while it connects to the wireless
network using your settings. When the wireless link is established, the ZyXEL
utility icon in the system tray turns green and the Link Info screen displays
details of the active connection. Check the network information in the Link Info
screen to verify that you have successfully connected to the selected network. If
the wireless client is not connected to a network, the fields in this screen remain
blank.
Figure 10 ZyXEL Utility: Link Info
6
Open your Internet browser and enter http://www.zyxel.com or the URL of any
other web site in the address bar. If you are able to access the web site, your
wireless connection is successfully configured.
If you cannot access the web site, try changing the encryption type in the
Security Settings screen, check the Troubleshooting section of this User's Guide
or contact your network administrator.
2.2.3.2 Creating and Using a Profile
A profile lets you automatically connect to the same wireless network every time
you use the wireless client. You can also configure different profiles for different
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networks, for example if you connect a notebook computer to wireless networks at
home and at work.
This example illustrates how to set up a profile and connect the wireless client to
an access point configured for WPA-PSK security. In this example, the SSID is
“SSID_Example3”, the profile name is “PN_Example3” and the pre-shared key is
“ThisismyWPA-PSKpre-sharedkey”. You have chosen the profile name
“PN_Example3”.
1
Open the ZyXEL utility and click the Profile tab to open the screen shown next.
Click Add to configure a new profile.
Figure 11 ZyXEL Utility: Profile
2
The Add New Profile screen appears. The wireless client automatically searches
for available wireless networks, which are displayed in the Scan Info box. Click
on Scan if you want to search again. You can also configure your profile for a
wireless network that is not in the list.
Figure 12 ZyXEL Utility: Add New Profile
3
Give the profile a descriptive name (of up to 32 printable ASCII characters). Select
Infrastructure and either manually enter or select the AP's SSID in the Scan
Info table and click Select.
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4
Choose the same encryption method as the AP to which you want to connect (In
this example, WPA-PSK).
Figure 13 ZyXEL Utility: Profile Security
5
This screen varies depending on the encryption method you selected in the
previous screen. Enter the pre-shared key and leave the encryption type at the
default setting.
Figure 14 ZyXEL Utility: Profile Encryption
6
In the next screen, leave both boxes checked.
Figure 15 Profile: Wireless Protocol Settings.
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7
Verify the profile settings in the read-only screen. Click Save to save and go to the
next screen.
Figure 16 Profile: Confirm Save
8
Click Activate Now to use the new profile immediately. Otherwise, click the
Activate Later button.
If you clicked Activate Later, you can select the profile from the list in the Profile
screen and click Connect to activate it.
Note: Only one profile can be activated and used at any given time.
Figure 17 Profile: Activate
9
When you activate the new profile, the ZyXEL utility returns to the Link Info
screen while it connects to the AP using your settings. When the wireless link is
established, the ZyXEL utility icon in the system tray turns green and the Link
Info screen displays details of the active connection.
10 Open your Internet browser, enter http://www.zyxel.com or the URL of any other
web site in the address bar and press ENTER. If you are able to access the web
site, your new profile is successfully configured.
11 If you cannot access the Internet go back to the Profile screen, select the profile
you are using and click Edit. Check the details you entered previously. Also, refer
to the Troubleshooting section of this User's Guide or contact your network
administrator if necessary.
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2.3 Configuring the MAC Address Filter
Thomas noticed that his daughter Josephine spends too much time surfing the
web and downloading media files. He decided to prevent Josephine from accessing
the Internet so that she can concentrate on preparing for her final exams.
Josephine’s computer connects wirelessly to the Internet through the P-870HN51D. Thomas decides to use the Security > MAC Filter screen to grant wireless
network access to his computer but not to Josephine’s computer.
Thomas
Josephine
36
1
Click Status > Client List to open the following screen. Look for the MAC address
of Thomas’ computer.
2
Click Security > MAC Filter to open the MAC Filter screen. Select Active. Enter
the MAC address you found in the Client List screen. Click Apply.
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Thomas can also grant access to the computers of other members of his family
and friends. However, Josephine and others not listed in this screen will no longer
be able to access the Internet through the P-870HN-51D.
2.4 Setting Up NAT Port Forwarding
Thomas recently received an Xbox 360 as his birthday gift. His friends invited him
to play online games with them on Xbox LIVE. In order to communicate and play
with other gamers on Xbox LIVE, Thomas needs to configure the port settings on
his P-870HN-51D.
Xbox 360 requires the following ports to be available in order to operate Xbox
LIVE correctly:
TCP: 53, 80, 3074
UDP: 53, 88, 3074
Thomas can configure the port settings for Xbox 360.
2.4.1 Port Forwarding
Configure the ports for Xbox 360 by doing the following.
1
Click Network > NAT > Port Forwarding to open the following screen. Select
User define from the Service Name field.
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2
Configure the screen as follows to open TCP/UDP port 53 for Xbox 360. Click
Apply.
3
Repeat steps 2 and 3 to open the rest of the ports for Xbox 360. Use a different
service name for each port you want to add The port forwarding settings you
configured are listed in the Port Forwarding screen.
Thomas can then connect his Xbox 360 to the Internet and play online games with
his friends.
2.5 Access the P-870HN-51D Using DDNS
If you connect your P-870HN-51D to the Internet and it uses a dynamic WAN IP
address, it is inconvenient for you to manage the device from the Internet. The P-
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870HN-51D’s WAN IP address changes dynamically. Dynamic DNS (DDNS) allows
you to access the P-870HN-51D using a domain name.
http://zyxelrouter.dyndns.org
A
w.x.y.z
a.b.c.d
To use this feature, you have to apply for DDNS service at www.dyndns.org.
This tutorial shows you how to:
• Registering a DDNS Account on www.dyndns.org
• Configuring DDNS on Your P-870HN-51D
• Testing the DDNS Setting
Note: If you have a private WAN IP address, then you cannot use DDNS.
2.5.1 Registering a DDNS Account on www.dyndns.org
1
Open a browser and type http://www.dyndns.org.
2
Apply for a user account. This tutorial uses UserName1 and 12345 as the
username and password.
3
Log into www.dyndns.org using your account.
4
Add a new DDNS host name. This tutorial uses the following settings as an
example.
• Hostname: zyxelrouter.dyndns.org
• Service Type: Host with IP address
• IP Address: Enter the WAN IP address that your P-870HN-51D is currently
using. You can find the IP address on the P-870HN-51D’s Web Configurator
Status page.
Then you will need to configure the same account and host name on the P-870HN51D later.
2.5.2 Configuring DDNS on Your P-870HN-51D
1
Log into the P-870HN-51D's advanced mode.
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2
Configure the following settings in the Advanced > Dynamic DNS screen.
2a
Select WWW.DynDNS.ORG for the Service Provider.
2b
Type zyxelrouter.dyndns.org in the Host Name field.
2c
Select interface for which the DDNS applies.
2d
Enter the user name (UserName1) and password (12345).
2e
Click Apply.
2.5.3 Testing the DDNS Setting
Now you should be able to access the P-870HN-51D from the Internet. To test
this:
1
Open a web browser on the computer (using the IP address a.b.c.d) that is
connected to the Internet.
2
Type http://zyxelrouter.dyndns.org and press [Enter].
3
The P-870HN-51D’s login page should appear. You can then log into the P-870HN51D and manage it.
2.6 Configuring Static Route for Routing to
Another Network
In order to extend your Intranet and control traffic flowing directions, you may
connect a router to the P-870HN-51D’s LAN. The router may be used to separate
two department networks. This tutorial shows how to configure a static routing
rule for two network routings.
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In the following figure, router R is connected to the P-870HN-51D’s LAN. R
connects to two networks, N1 (192.168.1.x/24) and N2 (192.168.10.x/24). If
you want to send traffic from computer A (in N1 network) to computer B (in N2
network), the traffic is sent to the P-870HN-51D’s WAN default gateway by
default. In this case, B will never receive the traffic.
N1
A
R
N2
B
You need to specify a static routing rule on the P-870HN-51D to specify R as the
router in charge of forwarding traffic to N2. In this case, the P-870HN-51D routes
traffic from A to R and then R routes the traffic to B.
N1
A
R
N2
B
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This tutorial uses the following example IP settings:
Table 2 IP Settings in this Tutorial
DEVICE / COMPUTER
IP ADDRESS
The P-870HN-51D’s WAN
172.16.1.1
The P-870HN-51D’s LAN
192.168.1.1
A
192.168.1.34
R’s N1
192.168.1.253
R’s N2
192.168.10.2
B
192.168.10.33
To configure a static route to route traffic from N1 to N2:
1
Log into the P-870HN-51D’s Web Configurator in advanced mode.
2
Click Advanced > Static Route.
3
Click Add to add a new rule in the Static Route screen.
4
Configure the Static Route Setup screen using the following settings:
4a
Type 192.168.10.0 and subnet mask 255.255.255.0 for the destination
(N2).
4b
Select the WAN interface to which the rule applies. This example uses the
default WAN interface.
4c
Select Gateway Address and type 192.168.1.253 (R’s N1 address) in the
Gateway IP Address field.
4a
42
Click Apply.
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Now B should be able to receive traffic from A. You may need to additionally
configure B’s firewall settings to allow specific traffic to pass through.
2.7 Configuring QoS Queue and Class Setup
This section contains tutorials on how you can configure the QoS screen.
Let’s say you are a team leader of a small sales branch office. You want to
prioritize e-mail traffic because your task includes sending urgent updates to
clients at least twice every hour. You also upload data files (such as logs and email archives) to the FTP server throughout the day. Your colleagues use the
Internet for research, as well as chat applications for communicating with other
branch offices.
In the following figure, your Internet connection has an upstream transmission
bandwidth of 10,000 kbps. For this example, you want to configure QoS so that email traffic gets the highest priority with at least 5,000 kbps. You can do the
following:
• Configure a queue to assign the highest priority queue (7) to e-mail traffic from
the LAN interface, so that e-mail traffic would not get delayed when there is
network congestion.
• Note the IP address (192.168.1.23 for example) and/or MAC address
(AA:FF:AA:FF:AA:FF for example) of your computer and map it to queue 7.
Note: QoS is applied to traffic flowing out of the P-870HN-51D.
Traffic that does not match this class is assigned a priority queue based on the
internal QoS mapping table on the P-870HN-51D.
QoS Example
DSL
10,000 kbps
Your computer
IP=192.168.1.23
and/or
MAC=AA:FF:AA:FF:AA:FF
Email traffic: Highest priority
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A colleague’s computer
Other traffic: Automatic classifier
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1
Click Advanced > QoS > General and check Active. Set your WAN Managed
Upstream Bandwidth to 10,000 kbps (or leave this blank to have the P-870HN51D automatically determine this figure).
Tutorial: Advanced > QoS
2
Go to Advanced > QoS > Queue Setup. Click Add to create a new queue. In
the screen that opens, check Active and enter or select the following values:
• Name: E-mail
• Interface: LAN/WLAN
• Priority: 4 (High)
• Weight: 8
• Rate Limit: 5,000 (kbps)
Tutorial: Advanced > QoS > Queue Setup
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3
Go to Advanced > QoS > Class Setup. Click Add to create a new class. Check
Active and follow the settings as shown in the screen below.
Tutorial: Advanced > QoS > Class Setup
Class Name
Give a class name to this traffic, such as E-mail in
this example.
To Queue
Link this to an item in the Advanced > QoS >
Queue Setup screen, which is the E-mail queue
created in this example.
From Interface
This is the interface from which the traffic will be
coming from. Select Local.
Ether Type
Select IP to identify the traffic source by its IP
address or MAC address.
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MAC Address
Type the MAC address of your computer AA:FF:AA:FF:AA:FF. Type the MAC Mask if you
know it.
IP Address
Type the IP address of your computer 192.168.1.23. Type the IP Subnet Mask if you
know it.
This maps e-mail traffic coming from port 25 to the highest priority, which you
have created in the previous screen (see the IP Protocol field). This also maps
your computer’s IP address and MAC address to the E-mail queue (see the
Source fields).
4
Verify that the queue setup works by checking Advanced > QoS > Monitor. This
shows the bandwidth alloted to e-mail traffic compared to other network traffic.
Tutorial: Advanced > QoS > Monitor
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CHAPTER
3
Introducing the Web
Configurator
3.1 Web Configurator Overview
The web configurator is an HTML-based management interface that allows easy
device setup and management via Internet browser. Use Internet Explorer 6.0 and
later versions or Mozilla Firefox 3.6 and later versions. The recommended screen
resolution is 1024 by 768 pixels.
In order to use the web configurator you need to allow:
• Web browser pop-up windows from your device. Web pop-up blocking is enabled
by default in Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2.
• JavaScripts (enabled by default).
• Java permissions (enabled by default).
See Appendix C on page 299 if you need to make sure these functions are allowed
in Internet Explorer.
3.1.1 Accessing the Web Configurator
1
Make sure your P-870HN-51D hardware is properly connected (refer to the Quick
Start Guide).
2
Launch your web browser.
3
Type "https://192.168.1.1" as the URL.
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Chapter 3 Introducing the Web Configurator
4
A password screen displays. Enter the default admin user name admin and
default admin password 1234. The password displays in non-readable characters.
If you have changed the password, enter your password and click OK. Click
Cancel to revert to the default password in the password field.
Figure 18 Password Screen
3.2 Web Configurator Main Screen
Figure 19 Main Screen
A
B
C
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Chapter 3 Introducing the Web Configurator
As illustrated above, the main screen is divided into these parts:
• A - navigation panel
• B - main window
• C - status bar
3.2.1 Navigation Panel
Use the menu items on the navigation panel to open screens to configure P870HN-51D features. The following tables describe each menu item.
Table 3 Navigation Panel Summary
LINK
TAB
Status
FUNCTION
This screen shows the P-870HN-51D’s general device and network
status information. Use this screen to access the statistics and
client list.
Network
WAN
Layer 2
Interface
Use this screen to add or remove a DSL PTM (Packet Transfer
Mode) interface.
Internet
Connection
Use this screen to configure ISP parameters, WAN IP address
assignment, and other advanced properties.
LAN
IP
Use this screen to configure LAN TCP/IP, DHCP and IP alias
settings.
Wireless LAN
General
Use this screen to configure the wireless LAN settings, WLAN
authentication/security settings and MAC filtering rules.
More AP
Use this screen to configure multiple BSSs on the P-870HN-51D.
WPS
Use this screen to enable WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup) and view
the WPS status.
WPS Station
Use this screen to use WPS to set up your wireless network.
Advanced
Setup
Use this screen to configure the advanced wireless LAN settings.
Port
Forwarding
The NAT screens are available only when you enable NAT in a
WAN connection.
NAT
Use this screen to make your local servers visible to the outside
world.
Trigger Port
Use this screen to change your P-870HN-51D’s port triggering
settings.
DMZ Host
Use this screen to configure a default server which receives
packets from ports that are not specified in the Port Forwarding
screen.
ALG
Use this screen to allow SIP sessions to pass through the P870HN-51D.
Incoming
This screen shows a summary of the IP filtering rules, and allows
you to add or remove an incoming IP filtering rule that allows
incoming traffic from the WAN.
Security
Firewall
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Chapter 3 Introducing the Web Configurator
Table 3 Navigation Panel Summary
LINK
Certificate
TAB
FUNCTION
Local
Certificates
Use this screen to view a summary list of certificates and manage
certificates and certification requests.
Trusted CA
Use this screen to view and manage the list of the trusted CAs.
Advanced
Static Route
IP Static Route Use this screen to configure IP static routes to tell your device
about networks beyond the directly connected remote nodes.
Policy
Forwarding
Use this screen to configure policy routing on the P-870HN-51D.
RIP
Use this screen to configure RIP (Routing Information Protocol)
settings.
QoS
General
Use this screen to enable QoS.
Queue Setup
Use this screen to configure QoS queues.
Class Setup
Use this screen to define a classifier.
Policer Setup
Use this screen to specify the committed rate and committed
burst size for incoming packets.
Monitor
Use this screen to view QoS packets statistics.
Dynamic DNS
Remote
MGMT
This screen allows you to use a static hostname alias for a
dynamic IP address.
TR069
Use this screen to configure the P-870HN-51D to be managed by
an ACS (Auto Configuration Server).
TR064
Use this screen to enable management via TR-064 on the LAN.
ServiceControl
Use this screen to configure which services/protocols can access
which P-870HN-51D interface.
IP Address
Use this screen to configure from which IP address(es) users can
manage the P-870HN-51D.
UPnP
General
Use this screen to turn UPnP on or off.
Parental
Control
Time
Restriction
Use this screen to configure the days and times when the
restrictions are enforced.
URL Filter
Use this screen to prevent users of your netowrk from viewing
inappropriate web content.
Interface
Group
Use this screen to map a port to a PVC or bridge group.
Maintenance
System
Logs
Tools
50
General
Use this screen to configure your device’s name, domain name,
management inactivity timeout and password.
Time Setting
Use this screen to change your P-870HN-51D’s time and date.
View Log
Use this screen to view the logs for the level that you selected.
Log Settings
Use this screen to change your P-870HN-51D’s log settings.
Firmware
Use this screen to upload firmware to your device.
Configuration
Use this screen to backup and restore your device’s configuration
(settings) or reset the factory default settings.
Restart
This screen allows you to reboot the P-870HN-51D without
turning the power off.
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Chapter 3 Introducing the Web Configurator
Table 3 Navigation Panel Summary
LINK
TAB
FUNCTION
Diagnostic
General
Use this screen to test the connections to other devices.
802.1ag
Use this screen to configure CFM (Connectivity Fault
Management) MD (maintenance domain) and MA (maintenance
association), perform connectivity tests and view test reports.
3.2.2 Main Window
The main window displays information and configuration fields. It is discussed in
the rest of this document.
Right after you log in, the Status screen is displayed. See Chapter 4 on page 55
for more information about the Status screen.
3.2.3 Status Bar
Check the status bar when you click Apply or OK to verify that the configuration
has been updated.
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P ART II
Technical Reference
53
54
CHAPTER
4
Status Screens
4.1 Overview
Use the Status screens to look at the current status of the device, system
resources and interfaces (LAN, WAN and WLAN). The Status screen also provides
detailed information from DHCP and statistics from traffic.
4.2 Status Screen
Click Status to open this screen.
Figure 20 Status Screen
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Chapter 4 Status Screens
Each field is described in the following table.
Table 4 Status Screen
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Refresh Interval Enter how often you want the P-870HN-51D to update this screen.
Apply
Click this to update this screen immediately.
Device
Information
User Name
This field displays the P-870HN-51D system name. It is used for
identification. Click this to go to the screen where you can change it.
Model
Number
This is the model name of your device.
MAC
Address
This is the MAC (Media Access Control) or Ethernet address unique to
your P-870HN-51D.
Firmware
Version
This field displays the current version of the firmware inside the device.
It also shows the date the firmware version was created. Click this to go
to the screen where you can change it.
DSL
Firmware
Version
This field displays the current version of the device’s DSL modem code.
WAN
Information
Mode
This is the method of encapsulation used by your ISP.
IP Address
This field displays the current IP address of the P-870HN-51D in the
WAN.
IP Subnet
Mask
This field displays the current subnet mask in the WAN.
LAN
Information
IP Address
This field displays the current IP address of the P-870HN-51D in the
LAN. Click this to go to the screen where you can change it.
IP Subnet
Mask
This field displays the current subnet mask in the LAN.
DHCP
This field displays what DHCP services the P-870HN-51D is providing to
the LAN. Choices are:
Server - The P-870HN-51D is a DHCP server in the LAN. It assigns IP
addresses to other computers in the LAN.
Relay - The P-870HN-51D acts as a surrogate DHCP server and relays
DHCP requests and responses between the remote server and the
clients.
None - The P-870HN-51D is not providing any DHCP services to the
LAN.
Click this to go to the screen where you can change it.
WLAN
Information
Channel
56
This is the channel number used by the P-870HN-51D now.
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Table 4 Status Screen
LABEL
WPS Status
DESCRIPTION
This field displays the status of WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup). Click this
to go to the screen where you can change it.
AP Information
ESSID
This is the descriptive name used to identify the P-870HN-51D in this
wireless network. Click this to go to the screen where you can change
it.
Status
This shows the current status of the wireless network.
Security
This shows the level of wireless security the P-870HN-51D is using in
this wireless network.
System Status
System
Uptime
This field displays how long the P-870HN-51D has been running since it
last started up. The P-870HN-51D starts up when you plug it in, when
you restart it (Maintenance > Tools > Restart), or when you reset it
(see Section 1.6 on page 25).
Current
Date/Time
This field displays the current date and time in the P-870HN-51D. You
can change this in Maintenance > System > Time Setting.
System
Mode
This displays whether the P-870HN-51D is functioning as a router or a
bridge.
CPU Usage
This field displays what percentage of the P-870HN-51D’s processing
ability is currently used. When this percentage is close to 100%, the P870HN-51D is running at full load, and the throughput is not going to
improve anymore. If you want some applications to have more
throughput, you should turn off other applications (for example, using
QoS; see Chapter 14 on page 169).
Memory
Usage
This field displays what percentage of the P-870HN-51D’s memory is
currently used. Usually, this percentage should not increase much. If
memory usage does get close to 100%, the P-870HN-51D is probably
becoming unstable, and you should restart the device. See Section 22.4
on page 232, or turn off the device (unplug the power) for a few
seconds.
Interface Status
Interface
This column displays each interface the P-870HN-51D has.
Status
This field indicates whether or not the P-870HN-51D is using the
interface.
For the DSL interface, this field displays LinkDown (line is down) or Up
(line is up or connected).
For the LAN or Ethernet WAN interface, this field displays Up when the
P-870HN-51D is using the interface and NoLink when the line is
disconnected.
For the WLAN interface, it displays Up when WLAN is enabled or
Disabled when WLAN is not active.
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Table 4 Status Screen
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Rate
For the DSL interface, it displays the downstream and upstream
transmission rate.
For the LAN or Ethernet WAN interface, this displays the port speed and
duplex setting.
For the WLAN interface, it displays the maximum transmission rate.
More Status
WAN Service
Statistics
Click this link to view packet specific statistics of the WAN
connection(s). See Section 4.2.1 on page 58.
Route Info
Click this link to view the internal routing table on the P-870HN-51D.
See Section 4.2.2 on page 60.
WLAN
Station List
Click this link to display the MAC address(es) of the wireless stations
that are currently associating with the P-870HN-51D. See Section 4.2.3
on page 61.
VDSL
Statistics
Click this to check the VDSL status and detailed performance data.
LAN
Statistics
Click this link to view packet specific statistics on the LAN and WLAN
interfaces. See Section 4.2.5 on page 66.
Client List
Click this link to view current DHCP client information. See Section
4.2.6 on page 66.
4.2.1 WAN Service Statistics
Click Status > WLAN Service Statistics to access this screen. Use this screen to
view the WAN statistics.
Figure 21 Status > WAN Service Statistics
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 5 Status > WAN Service Statistics
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Interface
This shows the name of the WAN interface used by this connection.
A default name ipoa0, pppoa1, atmx (where x starts from 0 and is the
index number of ATM layer-2 interfaces using different VPI and/or VCI
values) or ptm0 indicates the DSL port. The pppx name (where x starts
from 0 and is the index number of PPP connection on the P-870HN-51D)
indicates a PPP connection via any one of the WAN interface. eth4
indicates the Ethernet WAN interface (the physical Ethernet WAN port).
The number after the dot (.) represents the VLAN ID number assigned to
traffic sent through this connection. The number after the underscore
(_) represents the index number of connections through the same
interface.
(null) means the entry is not valid.
Description
This shows the descriptive name of this connection.
0 and 35 or 0 and 1 are the default VPI and VCI numbers. The last
number represents the index number of connections over the same PVC
or the VLAN ID number assigned to traffic sent through this connection.
(null) means the entry is not valid.
Received
Bytes
This indicates the number of bytes received on this interface.
Pkts
This indicates the number of transmitted packets on this interface.
Errs
This indicates the number of frames with errors received on this
interface.
Drops
This indicates the number of received packets dropped on this interface.
Transmitted
Bytes
This indicates the number of bytes transmitted on this interface.
Pkts
This indicates the number of transmitted packets on this interface.
Errs
This indicates the number of frames with errors transmitted on this
interface.
Drops
This indicates the number of outgoing packets dropped on this interface.
Refresh
Interval
Enter the time interval for refreshing statistics in this field.
Set Interval
Click this button to apply the new poll interval you entered in the
Refresh Interval field.
Stop
Click Stop to stop refreshing statistics.
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Chapter 4 Status Screens
4.2.2 Route Info
Routing is based on the destination address only and the P-870HN-51D takes the
shortest path to forward a packet. Click Status > Route Info to access this
screen. Use this screen to view the internal routing table on the P-870HN-51D.
Figure 22 Status > Route Info
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 6 Status > Route Info
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Destination
This indicates the destination IP address of this route.
Gateway
This indicates the IP address of the gateway that helps forward this route’s
traffic.
Subnet
Mask
This indicates the destination subnet mask of this route.
Flag
This indicates the route status.
Up: The route is up.
!(Reject): The route is blocked and will force a route lookup to fail.
Gateway: The route uses a gateway to forward traffic.
Host: The target of the route is a host.
Reinstate: The route is reinstated for dynamic routing.
Dynamic (redirect): The route is dynamically installed by a routing daemon
or redirect
Modified (redirect): The route is modified from a routing daemon or
rederict.
Metric
60
The metric represents the "cost of transmission". A router determines the
best route for transmission by choosing a path with the lowest "cost". The
smaller the number, the lower the "cost".
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Table 6 Status > Route Info (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Service
This indicates the name of the service used to forward the route.
Interface
This indicates the name of the interface through which the route is
forwarded.
•
•
•
•
•
•
br0 indicates the LAN interface.
ptm0 indicates the VDSL WAN interface using IPoE or in bridge mode.
pppoa1 indicates the ADSL WAN interface using PPPoA.
ipoa0 indicates the ADSL WAN interface using IPoA.
ppp0 indicates the WAN interface using PPPoE.
eth4 indicates the Ethernet WAN interface using IPoE.
4.2.3 WLAN Station List
Click Status > WLAN Station List to access this screen. Use this screen to view
the wireless stations that are currently associated to the P-870HN-51D.
Figure 23 Status > WLAN Station List
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 7 Status > WLAN Station List
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
MAC
This field shows the MAC (Media Access Control) address of an associated
wireless station.
SSID
This field shows the SSID to which the wireless station is connected.
Interface
This field shows the wireless interface to which the wireless station is
connected.
Refresh
Interval
Enter the time interval for refreshing statistics in this field.
Set Interval
Click this button to apply the new poll interval you entered in the Refresh
Interval field.
Stop
Click Stop to stop refreshing statistics.
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4.2.4 VDSL Statistics
Click Status > VDSL Statistics to open the following screen. Use this screen to
check VDSL status and detailed performance data.
Figure 24 Status > VDSL Statistics
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 8 Status > VDSL Statistics
62
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
VDSL Training
Status
This shows whether the DSL port is connected (Showtime); idle (Idle);
not connected; is negotiating a connection with a COE device (G.994
Training); is under loop test (RUN_LD_INIT); or under channel
analysis(G.922 Channel Analysis).
VDSL Profile
This shows the name of the VDSL profile which is applied to the VDSL
port to which the P-870HN-51D is connected.
Traffic Type
This indicates whether the PTM interface is active (PTM Mode) or
inactive (Inactive).
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Chapter 4 Status Screens
Table 8 Status > VDSL Statistics (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
VDSL Port Details
These are the maximum Upstream and Downstream transfer rates for the ports that
belong to this profile. Upstream traffic refers to traffic from the P-870HN-51D to the
Central Organization Equipment (COE). Downstream traffic refers to traffic from the COE
to the P-870HN-51D.
Line Rate
This indicates the maximum upstream/downstream net data rate
currently attainable on this line.
Actual Net Line
Rate
This indicates the actual upstream/downstream data transmission rate.
Trellis Coding
Trellis coding is a modulation scheme which allows highly efficient
transmission of information over band-limited channels such as
telephone lines. N/A means Trellis coding is disabled or not used on the
P-870HN-51D.
SNR Margin
This indicates the upstream/downstream SNR margin.
Actual Delay
This indicates the actual upstream/downstream transmission delay (in
milliseconds).
Transmit
Power
This indicates the upstream/downstream transmission power of the line.
Receive Power
This indicates the upstream/downstream receiving power of the line.
Actual INP
This indicates the actual impulse noise protection (INP).
Total
Attenuation
This indicates the upstream/downstream attenuation.
Attainable Net
Data Rate
This indicates the maximum upstream/downstream net data rate
currently attainable on this line.
VDSL Band
Status
The fields in this section indicate the status for upstream bands 0, 1, 2, 3
(U0, U1, U2, U3) and downstream bands 1, 2, 3 (D1, D2, D3).
Line
Attenuation
This indicates the line attenuation status for each upstream and
downstream band. NA displays when the band is not used.
Signal
Attenuation
This indicates the signal attenuation status for each upstream and
downstream band. NA displays when the band is not used.
SNR Margin
This indicates the signal to noise ratio for each upstream and
downstream band. NA displays when the band is not used.
Transmit
Power
This indicates the line transmission power for each upstream and
downstream band. NA displays when the band is not used.
Since Link time This indicates VDSL performance information recorded since the
connection is up.
FEC
This indicates the number of Forward Error Correction Seconds (FECs)
failures since the last reset.
CRC
This indicates the number of CRC (Cyclic Redundant Check) error(s)
since the last reset.
ES
This indicates the number of port endpoint errored seconds (ESs) since
the last reset.
SES
This indicates the number of port endpoint severely errored seconds
(SESs) since the last reset.
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Chapter 4 Status Screens
Table 8 Status > VDSL Statistics (continued)
64
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
UAS
This indicates the number of UnAvailable Seconds (UAS) since the last
reset.
LOS
This indicates the number of Loss of Signal (LOS) failures since the last
reset.
LOF
This indicates the number of Loss of Framing (LOF) failures since the last
reset.
Latest 15
minutes time
This indicates VDSL performance information recorded since the last 15
minute time segment.
FEC
This indicates the number of Forward Error Correction Seconds (FECs)
failures since the last 15 minute time segment.
CRC
This indicates the number of CRC (Cyclic Redundant Check) error(s)
since the last 15 minute time segment.
ES
This indicates the number of port endpoint errored seconds (ESs) since
the last 15 minute time segment.
SES
This indicates the number of port endpoint severely errored seconds
(SESs) since the last 15 minute time segment.
UAS
This indicates the number of UnAvailable Seconds (UAS) since the last
15 minute time segment.
LOS
This indicates the number of Loss of Signal (LOS) failures since the last
15 minute time segment.
LOF
This indicates the number of Loss of Framing (LOF) failures since the last
15 minute time segment.
Previous 15
minutes time
This indicates VDSL performance information recorded within the last 15
minute time segment.
FEC
This indicates the number of Forward Error Correction Seconds (FECs)
failures within the last 15 minute time segment.
CRC
This indicates the number of CRC (Cyclic Redundant Check) error(s)
within the last 15 minute time segment.
ES
This indicates the number of port endpoint errored seconds (ESs) within
the last 15 minute time segment.
SES
This indicates the number of port endpoint severely errored seconds
(SESs) within the last 15 minute time segment.
UAS
This indicates the number of UnAvailable Seconds (UAS) within the last
15 minute time segment.
LOS
This indicates the number of Loss of Signal (LOS) failures within the last
15 minute time segment.
LOF
This indicates the number of Loss of Framing (LOF) failures within the
last 15 minute time segment.
Latest 1 day
time
This indicates VDSL performance information recorded since the last 1day period.
FEC
This indicates the number of Forward Error Correction Seconds (FECs)
failures since the last 1-day period.
CRC
This indicates the number of CRC (Cyclic Redundant Check) error(s)
since the last 1-day period.
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Table 8 Status > VDSL Statistics (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
ES
This indicates the number of port endpoint errored seconds (ESs) since
the last 1-day period.
SES
This indicates the number of port endpoint severely errored seconds
(SESs) since the last 1-day period.
UAS
This indicates the number of UnAvailable Seconds (UAS) since the last 1day period.
LOS
This indicates the number of Loss of Signal (LOS) failures since the last
1-day period.
LOF
This indicates the number of Loss of Framing (LOF) failures since the last
1-day period.
Previous1 day
time
This indicates VDSL performance information recorded in the past one
day.
FEC
This indicates the number of Forward Error Correction Seconds (FECs)
failures in the past one day.
CRC
This indicates the number of CRC (Cyclic Redundant Check) error(s) in
the past one day.
ES
This indicates the number of port endpoint errored seconds (ESs) in the
past one day.
SES
This indicates the number of port endpoint severely errored seconds
(SESs) in the past one day.
UAS
This indicates the number of UnAvailable Seconds (UAS) in the past one
day.
LOS
This indicates the number of Loss of Signal (LOS) failures in the past one
day.
LOF
This indicates the number of Loss of Framing (LOF) failures in the past
one day.
Total time
This indicates the number of packets transmitted/received through the
VDSL connection since the last reset.
FEC
This indicates the number of Forward Error Correction Seconds (FECs)
failures since the connection is up.
CRC
This indicates the number of CRC (Cyclic Redundant Check) error(s)
since the connection is up.
ES
This indicates the number of port endpoint errored seconds (ESs) since
the connection is up.
SES
This indicates the number of port endpoint severely errored seconds
(SESs) since the connection is up.
UAS
This indicates the number of UnAvailable Seconds (UAS) since the
connection is up.
LOS
This indicates the number of Loss of Signal (LOS) failures since the
connection is up.
LOF
This indicates the number of Loss of Framing (LOF) failures since the
connection is up.
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4.2.5 LAN Statistics
Click Status > LAN Statistics to access this screen. Use this screen to view the
LAN statistics.
Figure 25 Status > LAN Statistics
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 9 Status > LAN Statistics
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Interface
This shows the LAN or WLAN interface.
Received
Bytes
This indicates the number of bytes received on this interface.
Pkts
This indicates the number of transmitted packets on this interface.
Errs
This indicates the number of frames with errors received on this
interface.
Drops
This indicates the number of received packets dropped on this interface.
Transmitted
Bytes
This indicates the number of bytes transmitted on this interface.
Pkts
This indicates the number of transmitted packets on this interface.
Errs
This indicates the number of frames with errors transmitted on this
interface.
Drops
This indicates the number of outgoing packets dropped on this interface.
Refresh
Interval
Enter the time interval for refreshing statistics in this field.
Set Interval
Click this button to apply the new poll interval you entered in the
Refresh Interval field.
Stop
Click Stop to stop refreshing statistics.
4.2.6 Client List
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, RFC 2131 and RFC 2132) allows
individual clients to obtain TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a server. You can
configure the P-870HN-51D as a DHCP server or disable it. When configured as a
server, the P-870HN-51D provides the TCP/IP configuration for the clients. If
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DHCP service is disabled, you must have another DHCP server on your LAN, or
else the computer must be manually configured.
Click Status > Client List to open the following screen. The read-only DHCP table
shows current DHCP client information (including IP Address, Host Name and
MAC Address) of all network clients using the P-870HN-51D’s DHCP server.
Figure 26 Status > Client List
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 10 Status > Client List
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Host Name
This indicates the computer host name.
MAC Address
Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC (Media Access Control)
address. The MAC address is assigned at the factory and consists of six
pairs of hexadecimal characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02.
This indicates the MAC address of the client computer.
IP Address
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This indicates the IP address assigned to this client computer.
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CHAPTER
5
WAN Setup
5.1 Overview
This chapter discusses the P-870HN-51D’s WAN screens. Use these screens to
configure your P-870HN-51D for Internet access.
A WAN (Wide Area Network) connection is an outside connection to another
network or the Internet. It connects your private networks, such as a LAN (Local
Area Network), and other networks, so that a computer in one location can
communicate with computers in other locations.
Figure 27 LAN and WAN
LAN
WAN
See Section 5.6 on page 84 for advanced technical information on WAN.
5.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
• The Layer 2 Interface screen lets you view, remove or add a layer-2 WAN
interface (Section 5.4 on page 71).
• The Internet Connection screen lets you view and configure the WAN settings
on the P-870HN-51D for Internet access (Section 5.5 on page 73).
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Chapter 5 WAN Setup
Table 11 WAN Setup Overview
LAYER-2 INTERFACE
INTERNET CONNECTION
CONNECTION
INTERFACE MODE
WAN SERVICE
TYPE
PTM
PPPoE
PPP user name and
password, WAN IP address,
DNS server and default
gateway
IPoE
WAN IP address, NAT, DNS
server and default gateway
Bridging
N/A
Default Mode
VLAN MUX
Mode
MSC Mode
CONNECTION SETTINGS
5.2 What You Need to Know
Encapsulation Method
Encapsulation is used to include data from an upper layer protocol into a lower
layer protocol. To set up a WAN connection to the Internet, you need to use the
same encapsulation method used by your ISP (Internet Service Provider). If your
ISP offers a dial-up Internet connection using PPPoE (PPP over Ethernet), they
should also provide a username and password (and service name) for user
authentication.
WAN IP Address
The WAN IP address is an IP address for the P-870HN-51D, which makes it
accessible from an outside network. It is used by the P-870HN-51D to
communicate with other devices in other networks. It can be static (fixed) or
dynamically assigned by the ISP each time the P-870HN-51D tries to access the
Internet.
If your ISP assigns you a static WAN IP address, they should also assign you the
subnet mask and DNS server IP address(es) (and a gateway IP address if you use
the Ethernet or ENET ENCAP encapsulation method).
PTM
Packet Transfer Mode (PTM) is packet-oriented and supported by the VDSL2
standard. In PTM, packets are encapsulated directly in the High-level Data Link
Control (HDLC) frames. It is designed to provide a low-overhead, transparent way
of transporting packets over DSL links, as an alternative to ATM.
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5.3 Before You Begin
You need to know your Internet access settings such as encapsulation and WAN IP
address. Get this information from your ISP.
5.4 The Layer 2 Interface Screen
The P-870HN-51D must have a layer-2 interface to allow users to use the DSL
port to access the Internet.
Figure 28 Layer 2 Interface
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 12 Layer 2 Interface
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Interface
This is the name of the interface.
Connection Mode
This displays the connection mode of the layer-2 interface.
QoS
This displays whether QoS (Quality of Service) is enabled on the P870HN-51D.
Remove
Click the Remove button to delete this interface from the P-870HN51D. A window displays asking you to confirm that you want to delete
the interface.
Note: You cannot remove the layer-2 interface when a WAN
service is associated with it.
Add
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Click this button to create a new layer-2 interface.
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Chapter 5 WAN Setup
5.4.1 Layer 2 Interface Configuration
Click the Add button in the Layer 2 Interface screen to open the following
screen. Use this screen to create a new layer-2 interface. At the time of writing,
you can configure only one PTM layer-2 interface on the P-870HN-51D.
Figure 29 Layer 2 Interface Configuration: DSL PTM WAN
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 13 Layer 2 Interface Configuration
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Select
Connection Mode
Select Default Mode to allow only one WAN service over a single
virtual circuit.
Select MSC Mode to allow multiple WAN services over a single virtual
circuit. Each WAN connection has its own MAC address.
Select VLAN MUX Mode to allow multiplexing of multiple protocols
over a single virtual circuit. You need to assign a VLAN ID and priority
level to traffic through each WAN connection. All WAN connections
share one MAC address.
Enable Quality Of
Service
Select this option to activate QoS (Quality of Service) on this interface
to group and prioritize traffic. Traffic is grouped according to the VLAN
group.
The QoS setting applies to all WAN connections over the same PVC.
72
Back
Click this button to return to the previous screen without saving any
changes.
Apply/Save
Click this button to save your changes and go back to the previous
screen.
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Chapter 5 WAN Setup
5.5 The Internet Connection Screen
Use this screen to change your P-870HN-51D’s WAN settings. Click Network >
WAN > Internet Connection. The summary table shows you the configured
WAN services (connections) on the P-870HN-51D.
To use NAT, firewall or IGMP proxy in the P-870HN-51D, you need to configure a
WAN connection with PPPoE or IPoE.
Note: When a layer-2 interface is in VLAN MUX Mode or MSC Mode, you can
configure up to eight WAN services for each interface.
Figure 30 Internet Connection
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 14 Internet Connection
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Interface
This shows the name of the interface used by this connection.
A default name ipoa0, pppoa1 or ptm0 indicates the DSL port. The
pppx name (where x starts from 0 and is the index number of PPP
connection on the P-870HN-51D) indicates a PPP connection.
The number after the dot (.) represents the VLAN ID number assigned
to traffic sent through this connection. The number after the
underscore (_) represents the index number of connections through
the same interface.
(null) means the entry is not valid.
Description
This is the service name of this connection.
0 and 35 or 0 and 1 are the default VPI and VCI numbers. The last
number represents the index number of connections over the same
PVC or the VLAN ID number assigned to traffic sent through this
connection.
(null) means the entry is not valid.
Type
This shows the layer-2 interface type and method of encapsulation
used by this connection.
Rate
This shows the maximum data rate (in Kbps) allowed for traffic sent
through this connection. This displays N/A when there is no limit on
transmission rate.
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Chapter 5 WAN Setup
Table 14 Internet Connection
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Vlan8021p
This indicates the 802.1P priority level assigned to traffic sent through
this connection. This displays N/A when there is no priority level
assigned.
VlanMuxId
This indicates the VLAN ID number assigned to traffic sent through
this connection. This displays N/A when there is no VLAN ID number
assigned.
ConnId
This shows the index number of each connection. This displays N/A
when the interface used by the connection is in Default Mode.
IGMP
This shows whether IGMP (Internet Group Multicast Protocol) is
activated or not for this connection. IGMP is not available when the
connection uses the bridging service.
NAT
This shows whether NAT is activated or not for this interface. NAT is
not available when the connection uses the bridging service.
Firewall
This shows whether the firewall is activated or not for this connection.
The firewall is not available when the connection uses the bridging
service.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to configure the WAN connection.
Click the Remove icon to delete the WAN connection.
Add
Click Add to create a new connection.
5.5.1 WAN Connection Configuration
Click the Edit or Add button in the WAN Service screen to configure a WAN
connection.
5.5.1.1 WAN Interface
This screen displays when you add a new WAN connection.
Figure 31 WAN Configuration: WAN Interface
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 15 WAN Configuration: WAN Interface
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Select a layer 2
interface for this
service
Select a PTM interface to use the DSL port as the WAN port and use
the VDSL technology for data transmission.
Back
Click this button to return to the previous screen.
Next
Click this button to continue.
5.5.1.2 Service Type
Use this screen to configure how you want the P-870HN-51D to connect to the
Internet.
Figure 32 WAN Configuration: Service Type
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 16 WAN Configuration: Service Type
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Select WAN
service type
Select the method of encapsulation used by your ISP.
Enter Service
Description
P-870HN-51D User’s Guide
Choices are PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE), IP over Ethernet and
Bridging.
Specify a name for this connection or use the automatically generated
one.
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Chapter 5 WAN Setup
Table 16 WAN Configuration: Service Type
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Rate Limit
Enter the maximum transmission rate in Kbps for traffic sent through the
WAN connection. Otherwise, leave this field blank to disable the rate
limit.
This field is not available for an ATM connection.
MTU [1-1500]
Type the maximum size of each data packet, in bytes, that can move
through this interface. If a larger packet arrives, the P-870HN-51D
divides it into smaller fragments. Allowed values are 1 - 1500. Usually,
this value is 1500.
Tag VLAN ID
for egress
packets
Select this option to add the VLAN tag (specified below) to the outgoing
traffic through this connection.
Enter 802.1P
Priority
IEEE 802.1p defines up to 8 separate traffic types by inserting a tag into
a MAC-layer frame that contains bits to define class of service.
This field is available when the Connect interface is in VLAN MUX mode.
Type the IEEE 802.1p priority level (from 0 to 7) to add to traffic through
this connection. The greater the number, the higher the priority level.
This field is available when the Connect interface is in VLAN MUX mode.
Enter 802.1Q
VLAN ID
Type the VLAN ID number (from 1 to 4094) for traffic through this
connection.
This field is available when the PTM interface is in VLAN MUX mode.
Back
Click this button to return to the previous screen.
Next
Click this button to continue.
5.5.1.3 WAN IP Address and DNS Server
The screen differs by the encapsulation you selected in the previous screen. See
Section 5.6 on page 84 for more information.
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PPPoE
This screen displays when you select PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE) in the WAN
Service Configuration screen.
Figure 33 WAN Configuration: PPPoE
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 17 WAN Configuration: PPPoE
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
PPP User Name
Enter the user name exactly as your ISP assigned. If assigned a name
in the form user@domain where domain identifies a service name,
then enter both components exactly as given.
PPP Password
Enter the password associated with the user name above.
PPPoE Service
Name
Type the name of your PPPoE service here.
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Table 17 WAN Configuration: PPPoE
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Authentication
Method
The P-870HN-51D supports PAP (Password Authentication Protocol)
and CHAP (Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol). CHAP is
more secure than PAP; however, PAP is readily available on more
platforms.
Use the drop-down list box to select an authentication protocol for
outgoing calls. Options are:
AUTO - Your P-870HN-51D accepts either CHAP or PAP when
requested by this remote node.
CHAP - Your P-870HN-51D accepts CHAP only.
PAP - Your P-870HN-51D accepts PAP only.
MSCHAP - Your P-870HN-51D accepts MSCHAP only. MS-CHAP is the
Microsoft version of the CHAP.
Enable NAT
Select this option to enable NAT on the P-870HN-51D. You can also
select the NAT Type you want the P-870HN-51D to implement. The
choices are as follows:
•
•
•
•
78
Symmetric NAT (default) - Symmetric NAT maps requests from
the same private IP address and port to a different public source IP
address and/or port depending on the packet's destination IP
address.
Port Restricted Cone NAT - Restricted cone NAT maps all
requests from the same private IP address and port to the same
public source IP address and port.
Restricted Cone NAT - Restricted cone NAT maps all requests
from the same private IP address to the same public source IP
address.
Full Cone NAT - In full cone NAT, all requests from the same
private IP address and port are mapped to the same public source
IP address and port. Someone on the Internet only needs to know
the mapping scheme in order to send packets to a device behind
the NAT router.
Dial on Demand
Select this check box when you do not want the connection up all the
time and specify an idle time-out in the Inactivity Timeout field.
Inactivity
Timeout
Specify an idle time-out when you select Dial on Demand. The
default setting is 0, which means the Internet session will not timeout.
Use Static IPv4
Address
A static IPv4 address is a fixed IP that your ISP gives you. A dynamic
IP address is not fixed; the ISP assigns you a different one each time
you connect to the Internet. Select this if you want to use a static IP
address instead of a dynamic IP address.
IPv4 Address
Enter the static IP address provided by your ISP.
Enable PPP
Debug Mode
Select this option to display PPP debugging messages on the console.
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Table 17 WAN Configuration: PPPoE
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Bridge PPPoE
Frames Between
WAN and Local
Ports
Select this option to forward PPPoE packets from the WAN port to the
LAN ports and from the LAN ports to the WAN port.
In addition to the P-870HN-51D's built-in PPPoE client, you can select
this to allow up to ten hosts on the LAN to use PPPoE client software
on their computers to connect to the ISP via the P-870HN-51D. Each
host can have a separate account and a public WAN IP address.
This is an alternative to NAT for application where NAT is not
appropriate.
Clear this if you do not need to allow hosts on the LAN to use PPPoE
client software on their computers to connect to the ISP.
Enable IGMP
Multicast Proxy
Select this check box to have the P-870HN-51D act as an IGMP proxy
on this connection. This allows the P-870HN-51D to get subscribing
information and maintain a joined member list for each multicast
group. It can reduce multicast traffic significantly.
Back
Click this button to return to the previous screen.
Next
Click this button to continue.
IPoE
This screen displays when you select IP over Ethernet in the WAN Service
Configuration screen.
Figure 34 WAN Configuration: IPoE
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 18 WAN Configuration: IPoE
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Obtain an IP
address
automatically
A static IP address is a fixed IP that your ISP gives you. A dynamic IP
address is not fixed; the ISP assigns you a different one each time you
connect to the Internet. Select this if you want to get a dynamic IP
address from the ISP.
Enable DHCP
Option 60
Select this to identify the vendor and functionality of the P-870HN51D in DHCP requests that the P-870HN-51D sends to a DHCP server
when getting a WAN IP address.
Vendor Class
Identifier
Enable DHCP
Option 61
Enter the Vendor Class Identifier (Option 60), such as the type of the
hardware or firmware.
Select this to identify the P-870HN-51D in DHCP requests that the P870HN-51D sends to a DHCP server when getting a WAN IP address.
IAID
Enter the Identity Association Identifier (IAID) of the P-870HN-51D.
For example, the WAN connection index number.
DUID Type
Select Other to enter any string that identifies the P-870HN-51D in
the DUID field.
Select DUID-LL (DUID Based on Link-layer Address) to enter the P870HN-51D’s hardware address, that is the MAC address in the DUID
field.
Select DUID-EN (DUID Assigned by Vendor Based on Enterprise
Number) to enter the vendor’s registered private enterprise number.
DUID
Enter the DHCP Unique Identifier (DUID) of the P-870HN-51D.
Identifier
Enter a unique identifier assigned by the vendor.
This field is available when you select DUID-EN in the DUID Type
field.
Enable DHCP
Option 125
Manufacturer
OUI
Specify the vendor’s OUI (Organization Unique Identifier). It is usually
the first three bytes of the MAC address.
Product Class
Enter the product class of the P-870HN-51D.
Model Name
Enter the model name of the P-870HN-51D.
Serial Number
Enter the serial number of the P-870HN-51D.
Use the following
Static IP address
80
Select this to add vendor specific information to DHCP requests that
the P-870HN-51D sends to a DHCP server when getting a WAN IP
address.
Select this if you have a static IP address.
WAN IP
Address
Enter the static IP address provided by your ISP.
WAN Subnet
Mask
Enter the subnet mask provided by your ISP.
WAN gateway
IP Address
Enter the gateway IP address provided by your ISP.
Back
Click this button to return to the previous screen.
Next
Click this button to continue.
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5.5.1.4 NAT, IGMP Multicast and Firewall Activation
The screen is available only when you select IP over Ethernet in the WAN
Service Configuration screen.
Figure 35 WAN Configuration: NAT, IGMP Multicast and Firewall Activation
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 19 WAN Configuration: NAT, IGMP Multicast and Firewall Activation
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Enable NAT
Select this option to enable NAT on the P-870HN-51D. You can also
select the NAT Type you want the P-870HN-51D to implement. The
choices are as follows:
•
•
•
•
Symmetric NAT (default) - Symmetric NAT maps requests from
the same private IP address and port to a different public source IP
address and/or port depending on the packet's destination IP
address.
Port Restricted Cone NAT - Restricted cone NAT maps all
requests from the same private IP address and port to the same
public source IP address and port.
Restricted Cone NAT - Restricted cone NAT maps all requests
from the same private IP address to the same public source IP
address.
Full Cone NAT - In full cone NAT, all requests from the same
private IP address and port are mapped to the same public source
IP address and port. Someone on the Internet only needs to know
the mapping scheme in order to send packets to a device behind
the NAT router.
Enable Firewall
Select this check box to activate Firewall on this connection.
Enable IGMP
Multicast Proxy
Select this check box to have the P-870HN-51D act as an IGMP proxy
on this connection. This allows the P-870HN-51D to get subscribing
information and maintain a joined member list for each multicast
group. It can reduce multicast traffic significantly.
Back
Click this button to return to the previous screen.
Next
Click this button to continue.
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5.5.1.5 Default Gateway
The screen is not available when you select Bridging in the WAN Service
Configuration screen.
Figure 36 WAN Configuration: Default Gateway
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 20 WAN Configuration: Default Gateway: PPPoE, PPPoA, IPoE or IPoA
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Selected Default
Gateway
Interfaces
Select a WAN interface through which you want to forward the traffic.
Back
Click this button to return to the previous screen.
Next
Click this button to continue.
5.5.1.6 DNS Server
The screen is not available when you select Bridging in the WAN Service
Configuration screen.
Figure 37 WAN Configuration: DNS Server
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 21 WAN Configuration: DNS Server
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Obtain DNS info
from a WAN
interface
Select this to have the P-870HN-51D get the DNS server addresses
from the ISP automatically.
WAN Interface
selected
Select a WAN interface through which you want to obtain the DNS
related information.
Use the following
Static DNS IP
address
Select this to have the P-870HN-51D use the DNS server addresses
you configure manually.
Primary DNS
server
Enter the first DNS server address assigned by the ISP.
Secondary
DNS server
Enter the second DNS server address assigned by the ISP.
Back
Click this button to return to the previous screen.
Next
Click this button to continue.
5.5.1.7 Configuration Summary
This read-only screen shows the current WAN connection settings.
Figure 38 WAN Configuration: Configuration Summary
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 22 WAN Configuration: Configuration Summary
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Connection Type
This is the encapsulation method used by this connection.
Service Name
This is the name of the service.
Service Category
This is the ATM traffic class.
This field is blank for a PTM or Ethernet WAN conenction.
IP Address
This shows whether the WAN IP address is assigned by the ISP,
manually configured or not configurable.
Service State
This shows whether this service is active or not.
NAT
This shows whether NAT is active or not for this connection.
NAT Type
This shows the type of NAT implemented for this connection.
Firewall
This shows whether Firewall is active or not for this connection.
Quality Of
Service
This shows whether QoS is active or not for this connection.
IGMP Multicast
This shows whether IGMP multicasting is active or not for this
connection.
Back
Click this button to return to the previous screen.
Apply/Save
Click this button to save your changes.
5.6 Technical Reference
The following section contains additional technical information about the P-870HN51D features described in this chapter.
Encapsulation
Be sure to use the encapsulation method required by your ISP. The P-870HN-51D
can work in bridge mode or routing mode. When the P-870HN-51D is in routing
mode, it supports the following methods.
IP over Ethernet
IP over Ethernet (IPoE) is an alternative to PPPoE. IP packets are being delivered
across an Ethernet network, without using PPP encapsulation. They are routed
between the Ethernet interface and the WAN interface and then formatted so that
they can be understood in a bridged environment. For instance, it encapsulates
routed Ethernet frames into bridged Ethernet cells.
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PPP over Ethernet
Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE) provides access control and billing
functionality in a manner similar to dial-up services using PPP. PPPoE is an IETF
standard (RFC 2516) specifying how a personal computer (PC) interacts with a
broadband modem (DSL, cable, wireless, etc.) connection.
For the service provider, PPPoE offers an access and authentication method that
works with existing access control systems (for example RADIUS).
One of the benefits of PPPoE is the ability to let you access one of multiple network
services, a function known as dynamic service selection. This enables the service
provider to easily create and offer new IP services for individuals.
Operationally, PPPoE saves significant effort for both you and the ISP or carrier, as
it requires no specific configuration of the broadband modem at the customer site.
By implementing PPPoE directly on the P-870HN-51D (rather than individual
computers), the computers on the LAN do not need PPPoE software installed,
since the P-870HN-51D does that part of the task. Furthermore, with NAT, all of
the LAN's computers will have access.
IP Address Assignment
A static IP is a fixed IP that your ISP gives you. A dynamic IP is not fixed; the ISP
assigns you a different one each time. The Single User Account feature can be
enabled or disabled if you have either a dynamic or static IP. However the
encapsulation method assigned influences your choices for IP address and default
gateway.
Full Cone NAT
In full cone NAT, the NAT router maps all outgoing packets from an internal IP
address and port to a single IP address and port on the external network. The NAT
router also maps packets coming to that external IP address and port to the
internal IP address and port.
In the following example, the P-870HN-51D maps the source address of all
packets sent from the internal IP address 1 and port A to IP address 2 and port B
on the external network. The P-870HN-51D also performs NAT on all incoming
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packets sent to IP address 2 and port B and forwards them to IP address 1, port
A.
Figure 39 Full Cone NAT Example
1, A
2, B
Symmetric NAT
The full, restricted and port restricted cone NAT types use the same mapping for
an outgoing packet’s source address regardless of the destination IP address and
port. In symmetric NAT, the mapping of an outgoing packet’s source address to a
source address in another network is different for each different destination IP
address and port.
In the following example, the P-870HN-51D maps the source address IP address 1
and port A to IP address 2 and port B on the external network for packets sent to
IP address 3 and port C. The P-870HN-51D uses a different mapping (IP address
2 and port M) for packets sent to IP address 4 and port D.
A host on the external network (IP address 3 and port C for example) can only
send packets to the internal host via the external IP address and port that the NAT
router used in sending a packet to the external host’s IP address and port. So in
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the example, only 3, C is allowed to send packets to 2, B and only 4, D is allowed
to send packets to 2, M.
Figure 40 Symmetric NAT
3, C
2, B
4, D
1, A
2, M
4, E
5, B
Introduction to VLANs
A Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) allows a physical network to be partitioned
into multiple logical networks. Devices on a logical network belong to one group. A
device can belong to more than one group. With VLAN, a device cannot directly
talk to or hear from devices that are not in the same group(s); the traffic must
first go through a router.
In Multi-Tenant Unit (MTU) applications, VLAN is vital in providing isolation and
security among the subscribers. When properly configured, VLAN prevents one
subscriber from accessing the network resources of another on the same LAN,
thus a user will not see the printers and hard disks of another user in the same
building.
VLAN also increases network performance by limiting broadcasts to a smaller and
more manageable logical broadcast domain. In traditional switched environments,
all broadcast packets go to each and every individual port. With VLAN, all
broadcasts are confined to a specific broadcast domain.
Introduction to IEEE 802.1Q Tagged VLAN
A tagged VLAN uses an explicit tag (VLAN ID) in the MAC header to identify the
VLAN membership of a frame across bridges - they are not confined to the switch
on which they were created. The VLANs can be created statically by hand or
dynamically through GVRP. The VLAN ID associates a frame with a specific VLAN
and provides the information that switches need to process the frame across the
network. A tagged frame is four bytes longer than an untagged frame and
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contains two bytes of TPID (Tag Protocol Identifier), residing within the type/
length field of the Ethernet frame) and two bytes of TCI (Tag Control Information),
starts after the source address field of the Ethernet frame).
The CFI (Canonical Format Indicator) is a single-bit flag, always set to zero for
Ethernet switches. If a frame received at an Ethernet port has a CFI set to 1, then
that frame should not be forwarded as it is to an untagged port. The remaining
twelve bits define the VLAN ID, giving a possible maximum number of 4,096
VLANs. Note that user priority and VLAN ID are independent of each other. A
frame with VID (VLAN Identifier) of null (0) is called a priority frame, meaning that
only the priority level is significant and the default VID of the ingress port is given
as the VID of the frame. Of the 4096 possible VIDs, a VID of 0 is used to identify
priority frames and value 4095 (FFF) is reserved, so the maximum possible VLAN
configurations are 4,094.
TPID
User Priority
2 Bytes 3 Bits
CFI
VLAN ID
1 Bit
12 Bits
Multicast
IP packets are transmitted in either one of two ways - Unicast (1 sender - 1
recipient) or Broadcast (1 sender - everybody on the network). Multicast delivers
IP packets to a group of hosts on the network - not everybody and not just 1.
Internet Group Multicast Protocol (IGMP) is a network-layer protocol used to
establish membership in a Multicast group - it is not used to carry user data. IGMP
version 2 (RFC 2236) is an improvement over version 1 (RFC 1112) but IGMP
version 1 is still in wide use. If you would like to read more detailed information
about interoperability between IGMP version 2 and version 1, please see sections
4 and 5 of RFC 2236. The class D IP address is used to identify host groups and
can be in the range 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255. The address 224.0.0.0 is not
assigned to any group and is used by IP multicast computers. The address
224.0.0.1 is used for query messages and is assigned to the permanent group of
all IP hosts (including gateways). All hosts must join the 224.0.0.1 group in order
to participate in IGMP. The address 224.0.0.2 is assigned to the multicast routers
group.
At start up, the P-870HN-51D queries all directly connected networks to gather
group membership. After that, the P-870HN-51D periodically updates this
information.
DNS Server Address Assignment
Use Domain Name System (DNS) to map a domain name to its corresponding IP
address and vice versa, for instance, the IP address of www.zyxel.com is
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204.217.0.2. The DNS server is extremely important because without it, you must
know the IP address of a computer before you can access it.
The P-870HN-51D can get the DNS server addresses in the following ways.
1
The ISP tells you the DNS server addresses, usually in the form of an information
sheet, when you sign up. If your ISP gives you DNS server addresses, manually
enter them in the DNS server fields.
2
If your ISP dynamically assigns the DNS server IP addresses (along with the P870HN-51D’s WAN IP address), set the DNS server fields to get the DNS server
address from the ISP.
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CHAPTER
6
LAN Setup
6.1 Overview
A Local Area Network (LAN) is a shared communication system to which many
computers are attached. A LAN is usually located in one immediate area such as a
building or floor of a building.
The LAN screens can help you configure a LAN DHCP server and manage IP
addresses.
LAN
• See Section 6.4 on page 95 for more information on LANs.
• See Appendix E on page 321 for more information on IP addresses and
subnetting.
6.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
The LAN IP screen lets you set the LAN IP address and subnet mask of your
ZyXEL device and configure other LAN TCP/IP settings (Section 6.3 on page 93).
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6.2 What You Need To Know
IP Address
Similar to the way houses on a street share a common street name, so too do
computers on a LAN share one common network number. This is known as an
Internet Protocol address.
Subnet Mask
The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your P870HN-51D will compute the subnet mask automatically based on the IP address
that you entered. You don't need to change the subnet mask computed by the P870HN-51D unless you are instructed to do otherwise.
DHCP
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) allows clients to obtain TCP/IP
configuration at start-up from a server. This P-870HN-51D has a built-in DHCP
server capability that assigns IP addresses and DNS servers to systems that
support DHCP client capability.
DHCP Relay
You can also configure the P-870HN-51D to relay client DHCP requests to a DHCP
server and the server’s responses back to the clients.
RIP
RIP (Routing Information Protocol) allows a router to exchange routing
information with other routers.
Multicast and IGMP
Traditionally, IP packets are transmitted in one of either two ways - Unicast (1
sender - 1 recipient) or Broadcast (1 sender - everybody on the network).
Multicast delivers IP packets to a group of hosts on the network - not everybody
and not just 1.
IGMP (Internet Group Multicast Protocol) is a network-layer protocol used to
establish membership in a Multicast group - it is not used to carry user data.
There are two versions 1 and 2. IGMP version 2 is an improvement over version 1
but IGMP version 1 is still in wide use.
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DNS
DNS (Domain Name System) maps a domain name to its corresponding IP
address and vice versa. The DNS server is extremely important because without
it, you must know the IP address of a computer before you can access it. The DNS
server addresses you enter when you set up DHCP are passed to the client
machines along with the assigned IP address and subnet mask.
6.3 The LAN IP Screen
Click Network > LAN to open the IP screen. See Section 6.4 on page 95 for
background information. Use this screen to set the Local Area Network IP address
and subnet mask of your P-870HN-51D.
Figure 41 LAN > IP
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The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 23 LAN > IP
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
LAN TCP/IP
Group Name
Select the interface group for which you want to configure the LAN
TCP/IP settings. See Chapter 19 on page 213 for how to create a new
interface group.
IP Address
Enter the LAN IP address you want to assign to your P-870HN-51D in
dotted decimal notation, for example, 192.168.1.1 (factory default).
IP Subnet Mask
Type the subnet mask of your network in dotted decimal notation, for
example 255.255.255.0 (factory default).
DHCP Setup
Enable DHCP
Select this to have the P-870HN-51D act as a DHCP server or DHCP
relay agent.
Otherwise, deselect this to not have the P-870HN-51D provide any
DHCP services. The DHCP server will be disabled.
DHCP Server
Select this option to have the P-870HN-51D assign IP addresses and
provide subnet mask, gateway, and DNS server information to the
network. The P-870HN-51D is the DHCP server for the network.
When the P-870HN-51D acts as a DHCP server, the following items
need to be set:
IP Pool
Starting
Address
This field specifies the first of the contiguous addresses in the IP
address pool.
Pool Size
This field specifies the size, or count of the IP address pool.
DHCP Relay
Select this option to have the P-870HN-51D forward DHCP request to
the DHCP server.
Relay Server
If you select DHCP Relay, enter the IP address of the DHCP server.
DNS Servers Assigned by DHCP Server
Obtain DNS info
from a WAN
interface
When a LAN client sends a DNS query to the P-870HN-51D, the P870HN-51D forwards the query to the system DNS server configured
in the WAN interface you select.
If you do not configure DNS servers on the selected WAN inteface, the
P-870HN-51D uses the LAN IP address and tells the DHCP clients on
the LAN that itself is the DNS server.
Use the following Static DNS IP address
First DNS
Server
Enter the first DNS (Domain Name System) server IP address the P870HN-51D passes to the DHCP clients.
Second DNS
Server
Enter the second DNS (Domain Name System) server IP address the
P-870HN-51D passes to the DHCP clients.
IGMP Snooping
Enable IGMP
Snooping
Standard
Mode
94
Select this option to enable IGMP snooping. This allows the P-870HN51D to passively learn multicast group.
Select this to have the P-870HN-51D forward multicast packets to a
port that joins the multicast group and broadcast unknown multicast
packets from the WAN to all LAN ports.
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Table 23 LAN > IP
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Blocking Mode Select this to have the P-870HN-51D block all unknown multicast
packets from the WAN.
Enable IP Alias
Select the check box to configure another LAN network for the P870HN-51D.
IP Address
Enter the IP address of your P-870HN-51D in dotted decimal notation.
IP Subnet
Mask
Type the subnet mask of your network in dotted decimal notation, for
example 255.255.255.0 (factory default).
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the P-870HN-51D.
6.4 Technical Reference
The following section contains additional technical information about the P-870HN51D features described in this chapter.
LANs, WANs and the ZyXEL Device
The actual physical connection determines whether the P-870HN-51D ports are
LAN or WAN ports. There are two separate IP networks, one inside the LAN
network and the other outside the WAN network as shown next.
Figure 42 LAN and WAN IP Addresses
LAN
WAN
DHCP Setup
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, RFC 2131 and RFC 2132) allows
individual clients to obtain TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a server. You can
configure the P-870HN-51D as a DHCP server or disable it. When configured as a
server, the P-870HN-51D provides the TCP/IP configuration for the clients. If you
turn DHCP service off, you must have another DHCP server on your LAN, or else
the computer must be manually configured.
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IP Pool Setup
The P-870HN-51D is pre-configured with a pool of IP addresses for the DHCP
clients (DHCP Pool). See the product specifications in the appendices. Do not
assign static IP addresses from the DHCP pool to your LAN computers.
LAN TCP/IP
The P-870HN-51D has built-in DHCP server capability that assigns IP addresses
and DNS servers to systems that support DHCP client capability.
IP Address and Subnet Mask
Similar to the way houses on a street share a common street name, so too do
computers on a LAN share one common network number.
Where you obtain your network number depends on your particular situation. If
the ISP or your network administrator assigns you a block of registered IP
addresses, follow their instructions in selecting the IP addresses and the subnet
mask.
If the ISP did not explicitly give you an IP network number, then most likely you
have a single user account and the ISP will assign you a dynamic IP address when
the connection is established. If this is the case, it is recommended that you select
a network number from 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.0 and you must enable the
Network Address Translation (NAT) feature of the P-870HN-51D. The Internet
Assigned Number Authority (IANA) reserved this block of addresses specifically for
private use; please do not use any other number unless you are told otherwise.
Let's say you select 192.168.1.0 as the network number; which covers 254
individual addresses, from 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.254 (zero and 255 are
reserved). In other words, the first three numbers specify the network number
while the last number identifies an individual computer on that network.
Once you have decided on the network number, pick an IP address that is easy to
remember, for instance, 192.168.1.1, for your P-870HN-51D, but make sure that
no other device on your network is using that IP address.
The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your P870HN-51D will compute the subnet mask automatically based on the IP address
that you entered. You don't need to change the subnet mask computed by the P870HN-51D unless you are instructed to do otherwise.
Private IP Addresses
Every machine on the Internet must have a unique address. If your networks are
isolated from the Internet, for example, only between your two branch offices, you
can assign any IP addresses to the hosts without problems. However, the Internet
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Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) has reserved the following three blocks of IP
addresses specifically for private networks:
• 10.0.0.0
• 172.16.0.0
— 10.255.255.255
— 172.31.255.255
• 192.168.0.0 — 192.168.255.255
You can obtain your IP address from the IANA, from an ISP or it can be assigned
from a private network. If you belong to a small organization and your Internet
access is through an ISP, the ISP can provide you with the Internet addresses for
your local networks. On the other hand, if you are part of a much larger
organization, you should consult your network administrator for the appropriate IP
addresses.
Note: Regardless of your particular situation, do not create an arbitrary IP address;
always follow the guidelines above. For more information on address
assignment, please refer to RFC 1597, “Address Allocation for Private
Internets” and RFC 1466, “Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space”.
Multicast
Traditionally, IP packets are transmitted in one of either two ways - Unicast (1
sender - 1 recipient) or Broadcast (1 sender - everybody on the network).
Multicast delivers IP packets to a group of hosts on the network - not everybody
and not just 1.
IGMP (Internet Group Multicast Protocol) is a network-layer protocol used to
establish membership in a Multicast group - it is not used to carry user data. IGMP
version 2 (RFC 2236) is an improvement over version 1 (RFC 1112) but IGMP
version 1 is still in wide use. If you would like to read more detailed information
about interoperability between IGMP version 2 and version 1, please see sections
4 and 5 of RFC 2236. The class D IP address is used to identify host groups and
can be in the range 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255. The address 224.0.0.0 is not
assigned to any group and is used by IP multicast computers. The address
224.0.0.1 is used for query messages and is assigned to the permanent group of
all IP hosts (including gateways). All hosts must join the 224.0.0.1 group in order
to participate in IGMP. The address 224.0.0.2 is assigned to the multicast routers
group.
The P-870HN-51D supports both IGMP version 1 (IGMP-v1) and IGMP version 2
(IGMP-v2). At start up, the P-870HN-51D queries all directly connected networks
to gather group membership. After that, the P-870HN-51D periodically updates
this information. IP multicasting can be enabled/disabled on the P-870HN-51D
LAN and/or WAN interfaces in the web configurator (LAN; WAN). Select None to
disable IP multicasting on these interfaces.
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IP Alias
IP alias allows you to partition a physical network into different logical networks
over the same Ethernet interface. The P-870HN-51D supports three logical LAN
interfaces via its single physical Ethernet interface with the P-870HN-51D itself as
the gateway for each LAN network.
When you use IP alias, you can also configure firewall rules to control access
between the LAN's logical networks (subnets).
Note: Make sure that the subnets of the logical networks do not overlap.
The following figure shows a LAN divided into subnets A and B.
Figure 43 Physical Network & Partitioned Logical Networks
A: 192.168.1.1 - 192.168.1.24
Ethernet
Interface
B: 192.168.2.1 - 192.168.2.24
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CHAPTER
7
Wireless LAN
7.1 Overview
This chapter describes how to perform tasks related to setting up and optimizing
your wireless network, including the following.
• Turning the wireless connection on or off.
• Configuring a name, wireless channel and security for the network.
• Using WiFi Protected Setup (WPS) to configure your wireless network.
• Using a MAC (Media Access Control) address filter to restrict access to the
wireless network.
See Chapter 2 on page 27 for a tutorial showing how to set up your wireless
connection in an example scenario.
See Section 7.9 on page 117 for advanced technical information on wireless
networks.
7.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
This chapter describes the P-870HN-51D’s Network > Wireless LAN screens.
Use these screens to set up your P-870HN-51D’s wireless connection.
• The General screen lets you turn the wireless connection on or off, set up
wireless security and make other basic configuration changes (Section 7.4 on
page 102). You can also configure the MAC filter to allow or block access to the
P-870HN-51D based on the MAC addresses of the wireless stations.
• The More AP screen lets you set up multiple wireless networks on your P870HN-51D (Section 7.5 on page 112).
• Use the WPS screen and the WPS Station screen to use WiFi Protected Setup
(WPS). WPS lets you set up a secure network quickly, when connecting to other
WPS-enabled devices.
Use the WPS screen (see Section 7.6 on page 113) to enable or disable WPS,
generate a security PIN (Personal Identification Number) and see information
about the P-870HN-51D’s WPS status.
Use the WPS Station (see Section 7.7 on page 115) screen to set up WPS by
pressing a button or using a PIN.
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• The Advanced Setup screen lets you change the wireless mode, and make
other advanced wireless configuration changes (Section 7.8 on page 116).
You don’t necessarily need to use all these screens to set up your wireless
connection. For example, you may just want to set up a network name, a wireless
radio channel and some security in the General screen.
7.2 What You Need to Know
Wireless Basics
“Wireless” is essentially radio communication. In the same way that walkie-talkie
radios send and receive information over the airwaves, wireless networking
devices exchange information with one another. A wireless networking device is
just like a radio that lets your computer exchange information with radios
attached to other computers. Like walkie-talkies, most wireless networking
devices operate at radio frequency bands that are open to the public and do not
require a license to use. However, wireless networking is different from that of
most traditional radio communications in that there a number of wireless
networking standards available with different methods of data encryption.
Wireless Network Construction
Wireless networks consist of wireless clients, access points and bridges.
• A wireless client is a radio connected to a user’s computer.
• An access point is a radio with a wired connection to a network, which can
connect with numerous wireless clients and let them access the network.
• A bridge is a radio that relays communications between access points and
wireless clients, extending a network’s range.
Traditionally, a wireless network operates in one of two ways.
• An “infrastructure” type of network has one or more access points and one or
more wireless clients. The wireless clients connect to the access points.
• An “ad-hoc” type of network is one in which there is no access point. Wireless
clients connect to one another in order to exchange information.
Network Names
Each network must have a name, referred to as the SSID - “Service Set
IDentifier”. The “service set” is the network, so the “service set identifier” is the
network’s name. This helps you identify your wireless network when wireless
networks’ coverage areas overlap and you have a variety of networks to choose
from.
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Radio Channels
In the radio spectrum, there are certain frequency bands allocated for unlicensed,
civilian use. For the purposes of wireless networking, these bands are divided into
numerous channels. This allows a variety of networks to exist in the same place
without interfering with one another. When you create a network, you must select
a channel to use.
Since the available unlicensed spectrum varies from one country to another, the
number of available channels also varies.
Wireless Security
By their nature, radio communications are simple to intercept. For wireless data
networks, this means that anyone within range of a wireless network without
security can not only read the data passing over the airwaves, but also join the
network. Once an unauthorized person has access to the network she/he can
either steal information or introduce malware (malicious software) intended to
compromise the network. For these reasons, a variety of security systems have
been developed to ensure that only authorized people can use a wireless data
network, or understand the data carried on it.
These security standards do two things. First, they authenticate. This means that
only people presenting the right credentials (often a username and password, or a
“key” phrase) can access the network. Second, they encrypt. This means that the
information sent over the air is encoded. Only people with the code key can
understand the information, and only people who have been authenticated are
given the code key.
These security standards vary in effectiveness. Some can be broken, such as the
old Wired Equivalent Protocol (WEP). Using WEP is better than using no security at
all, but it will not keep a determined attacker out. Other security standards are
secure in themselves but can be broken if a user does not use them properly. For
example, the WPA-PSK security standard is perfectly secure if you use a long key
which is difficult for an attacker’s software to guess - for example, a twenty-letter
long string of apparently random numbers and letters - but it is not very secure if
you use a short key which is very easy to guess.
Because of the damage that can be done by a malicious attacker, it’s not just
people who have sensitive information on their network who should use security.
Everybody who uses any wireless network should ensure that effective security is
in place.
A good way to come up with effective security keys, passwords and so on is to use
obscure information that you personally will easily remember, and to enter it in a
way that appears random and does not include real words. For example, if your
mother owns a 1970 Dodge Challenger and her favorite movie is Vanishing Point
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(which you know was made in 1971) you could use “70dodchal71vanpoi” as your
security key.
Signal Problems
Because wireless networks are radio networks, their signals are subject to
limitations of distance, interference and absorption.
Problems with distance occur when the two radios are too far apart. Problems with
interference occur when other radio waves interrupt the data signal. Interference
may come from other radio transmissions, such as military or air traffic control
communications, or from machines that are coincidental emitters such as electric
motors or microwaves. Problems with absorption occur when physical objects
(such as thick walls) are between the two radios, muffling the signal.
7.3 Before You Begin
Before you start using these screens, ask yourself the following questions. See
Section 7.2 on page 100 if some of the terms used here do not make sense to
you.
• What wireless standards do the other wireless devices support (IEEE 802.11g,
for example)? What is the most appropriate standard to use?
• What security options do the other wireless devices support (WPA-PSK, for
example)? What is the best one to use?
• Do the other wireless devices support WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup)? If so, you
can set up a well-secured network very easily.
Even if some of your devices support WPS and some do not, you can use WPS to
set up your network and then add the non-WPS devices manually, although this
is somewhat more complicated to do.
• What advanced options do you want to configure, if any? If you want to
configure advanced options, ensure that you know precisely what you want to
do. If you do not want to configure advanced options, leave them alone.
7.4 The General Screen
Note: If you are configuring the P-870HN-51D from a computer connected to the
wireless LAN and you change the P-870HN-51D’s SSID or security settings,
you will lose your wireless connection when you press Apply to confirm. You
must then change the wireless settings of your computer to match the P870HN-51D’s new settings.
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Click Network > Wireless LAN to open the General screen.
Figure 44 Network > Wireless LAN > General
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 24 Network > Wireless LAN > General
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Active
Wireless LAN
Click the check box to activate wireless LAN.
Channel
Selection
Set the operating frequency/channel depending on your particular region.
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Select a channel or use Auto to have the P-870HN-51D automatically
determine a channel to use. If you are having problems with wireless
interference, changing the channel may help. Try to use a channel that is
as many channels away from any channels used by neighboring APs as
possible. The channel number which the P-870HN-51D is currently using
then displays next to this field.
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Table 24 Network > Wireless LAN > General
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Bandwidth
Select whether the P-870HN-51D uses a wireless channel width of 20MHz
or 40MHz.
A standard 20MHz channel offers transfer speeds of up to 150Mbps
whereas a 40MHz channel uses two standard channels and offers speeds
of up to 300 Mbps.
40MHz (channel bonding or dual channel) bonds two adjacent radio
channels to increase throughput. The wireless clients must also support 40
MHz. It is often better to use the 20 MHz setting in a location where the
environment hinders the wireless signal.
Select 20MHz if you want to lessen radio interference with other wireless
devices in your neighborhood or the wireless clients do not support
channel bonding.
This field is available only when you set the 802.11 Mode to 802.11n
Only or 802.11b/g/n Mixed in the Advanced Setup screen.
Network
Name (SSID)
The SSID (Service Set IDentity) identifies the service set with which a
wireless device is associated. Wireless devices associating to the access
point (AP) must have the same SSID. Enter a descriptive name (up to 32
printable 7-bit ASCII characters) for the wireless LAN.
Note: If you are configuring the P-870HN-51D from a computer
connected to the wireless LAN and you change the P-870HN51D’s SSID or wireless security settings, you will lose your
wireless connection when you press Apply to confirm. You
must then change the wireless settings of your computer to
match the P-870HN-51D’s new settings.
Hide Network
Name (SSID)
Select this check box to hide the SSID in the outgoing beacon frame so a
station cannot obtain the SSID through scanning using a site survey tool.
BSSID
This shows the MAC address of the wireless interface on the P-870HN-51D
when wireless LAN is enabled.
Security
Mode
See the following sections for more details about this field.
MAC Filter
Click this button to go to the MAC Filter screen to configure whether the
wireless devices with the MAC addresses listed are allowed or denied to
access the P-870HN-51D using this SSID.
Apply
Click this to save your changes back to the P-870HN-51D.
Reset
Click this to reload the previous configuration for this screen.
7.4.1 No Security
Select No Security to allow wireless devices to communicate with the access
points without any data encryption or authentication.
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Note: If you do not enable any wireless security on your P-870HN-51D, your network
is accessible to any wireless networking device that is within range.
Figure 45 Wireless LAN > General: No Security
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 25 Wireless LAN > General: No Security
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Security
Mode
Choose No Security from the drop-down list box.
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7.4.2 WEP Encryption
In order to configure and enable WEP encryption; click Network > Wireless LAN
to display the General screen. Select WEP from the Security Mode list.
Figure 46 Wireless LAN > General: Static WEP Encryption
The following table describes the wireless LAN security labels in this screen.
Table 26 Network > Wireless LAN > General: Static WEP Encryption
106
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Security
Mode
Choose WEP from the drop-down list box.
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Table 26 Network > Wireless LAN > General: Static WEP Encryption
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
WEP
Encryption
WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) provides data encryption to prevent
unauthorized wireless stations from accessing data transmitted over the
wireless network.
Select 64-bit or 128-bit to enable data encryption.
Key 1 to Key
4
The WEP key is used to secure your data from eavesdropping by
unauthorized wireless users. Both the P-870HN-51D and the wireless
stations must use the same WEP key for data transmission.
Only one key can be activated at any one time. Select a default key to use
for data encryption.
If you chose 64-bit in the WEP Encryption field, then enter any 5
characters (ASCII string) or 10 hexadecimal characters ("0-9", "A-F")
preceded by 0x for each key.
If you chose 128-bit in the WEP Encryption field, then enter 13
characters (ASCII string) or 26 hexadecimal characters ("0-9", "A-F")
preceded by 0x for each key.
7.4.3 WPA(2)-PSK
In order to configure and enable WPA(2)-PSK authentication; click Network >
Wireless LAN to display the General screen. Select WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK
from the Security Mode list.
Figure 47 Wireless LAN > General: WPA(2)-PSK
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The following table describes the wireless LAN security labels in this screen.
Table 27 Wireless LAN > General: WPA(2)-PSK
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Auto Generate
Key
This field is only available for WPA-PSK and WPA2-PSK.
Select this option to have the P-870HN-51D automatically generate an
SSID and pre-shared key. The SSID and Pre-Shared Key fields will
not be configurable when you select this option.
Security Mode
Choose WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK from the drop-down list box.
Active
Compatible
This field is only available for WPA2-PSK. Select this if you want the P870HN-51D to support WPA-PSK and WPA2-PSK simultaneously.
Encryption
Select the encryption type (TKIP, AES or TKIP+AES) for data
encryption.
Select TKIP if your wireless clients can all use TKIP.
Select AES if your wireless clients can all use AES.
Select TKIP+AES to allow the wireless clients to use either TKIP or
AES.
Pre-Shared Key
The encryption mechanisms used for WPA(2) and WPA(2)-PSK are the
same. The only difference between the two is that WPA(2)-PSK uses a
simple common password, instead of user-specific credentials.
Type a pre-shared key from 8 to 63 case-sensitive ASCII characters
(including spaces and symbols).
Group Key
Update Timer
The Group Key Update Timer is the rate at which the AP sends a new
group key out to all clients.
ReKey Method
Select Time to change encryption keys automatically using the time
interval specified in the Group Key Update Timer field. If no value is
entered in the said field, this feature is disabled.
Select None if you do not want to use this feature.
7.4.4 WPA(2) Authentication
Use this screen to configure and enable WPA or WPA2 authentication; click the
Wireless LAN link under Network to display the General screen. Select WPA or
WPA2 from the Security Mode list.
Note: WPA or WPA2 is not available if you enable WPS before you configure WPA or
WPA2 in the Wireless LAN > General screen.
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Note: If you select WPA or WPA2 in the Wireless LAN > General screen, the WDS
and WPS features are not available on the P-870HN-51D.
Figure 48 Wireless LAN > General: WPA(2)
The following table describes the wireless LAN security labels in this screen.
Table 28 Wireless LAN > General: WPA(2)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Security Mode
Choose WPA or WPA2 from the drop-down list box.
Active
Compatible
This field is only available for WPA2. Select this if you want the P870HN-51D to support WPA and WPA2 simultaneously.
Encryption
Select the encryption type (TKIP, AES or TKIP+AES) for data
encryption.
Select TKIP if your wireless clients can all use TKIP.
Select AES if your wireless clients can all use AES.
Select TKIP+AES to allow the wireless clients to use either TKIP or
AES.
Group Key
Update Timer
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The Group Key Update Timer is the rate at which the RADIUS server
sends a new group key out to all clients.
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Table 28 Wireless LAN > General: WPA(2)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
ReKey Method
Select Time to change encryption keys automatically using the time
interval specified in the Group Key Update Timer field. If no value is
entered in the said field, this feature is disabled.
Select None if you do not want to use this feature.
Authentication Server
IP Address
Enter the IP address of the external authentication server in dotted
decimal notation.
Port Number
Enter the port number of the external authentication server. The
default port number is 1812.
You need not change this value unless your network administrator
instructs you to do so with additional information.
Shared Secret Enter a password (up to 31 alphanumeric characters) as the key to be
shared between the external authentication server and the P-870HN51D.
The key must be the same on the external authentication server and
your P-870HN-51D. The key is not sent over the network.
7.4.5 MAC Filter
This screen allows you to configure the P-870HN-51D to give exclusive access to
specific devices (Allow) or exclude specific devices from accessing the P-870HN51D (Deny). Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC (Media Access Control)
address. The MAC address is assigned at the factory and consists of six pairs of
hexadecimal characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. You need to know the
MAC addresses of the devices to configure this screen.
Use this screen to change your P-870HN-51D’s MAC filter settings. Click the Edit
button in the Wireless LAN > General screen. The following screen displays.
Figure 49 Wireless LAN > MAC Filter
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 29 Wireless LAN > MAC Filter
LABEL
MAC Restrict
Mode
DESCRIPTION
Define the filter action for the list of MAC addresses in the table below.
Select Disabled to turn off MAC address filtering.
Select Allow to permit access to the P-870HN-51D, MAC addresses not
listed will be denied access to the P-870HN-51D.
Select Deny to block access to the P-870HN-51D, MAC addresses not listed
will be allowed to access the P-870HN-51D
#
This is the index number of the MAC address.
MAC
Address
This is the MAC addresses of the wireless devices that are allowed or denied
access to the P-870HN-51D.
Modify
Click the Remove icon to delete the entry.
Back
Click this to return to the previous screen without saving changes.
Add
Click this to create a new MAC filtering rule.
7.4.6 Adding a New MAC Filtering Rule
Click the Add button in the MAC Filter screen. The following screen displays.
Figure 50 Wireless LAN > MAC Filter > Add
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 30 Wireless LAN > MAC Filter > Add
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
MAC
Address
Enter the MAC addresses of the wireless devices that are allowed or denied
access to the P-870HN-51D in these address fields. Enter the MAC
addresses in a valid MAC address format, that is, six hexadecimal character
pairs, for example, 12:34:56:78:9a:bc.
Back
Click this to return to the previous screen without saving changes.
Apply
Click this to save your changes and go back to the previous screen.
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7.5 The More AP Screen
This screen allows you to enable and configure multiple wireless networks on the
P-870HN-51D.
Click Network > Wireless LAN > More AP. The following screen displays.
Figure 51 Network > Wireless LAN > More AP
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 31 Network > Wireless LAN > More AP
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
#
This is the index number of each SSID profile.
Active
Select the check box to activate an SSID profile.
SSID
An SSID profile is the set of parameters relating to one of the P-870HN51D’s BSSs. The SSID (Service Set IDentifier) identifies the Service Set
with which a wireless device is associated.
This field displays the name of the wireless profile on the network. When
a wireless client scans for an AP to associate with, this is the name that
is broadcast and seen in the wireless client utility.
112
Security
This field indicates the security mode of the SSID profile.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to configure the SSID profile.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the P-870HN-51D.
Reset
Click Reset to reload the previous configuration for this screen.
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7.5.1 More AP Edit
Use this screen to edit an SSID profile. Click the Edit icon next to an SSID in the
More AP screen. The following screen displays.
Figure 52 Network > Wireless LAN > More AP: Edit
See Section 7.4 on page 102 for more details about the fields in this screen.
7.6 The WPS Screen
Use this screen to configure WiFi Protected Setup (WPS) on your P-870HN-51D.
WPS allows you to quickly set up a wireless network with strong security, without
having to configure security settings manually. Set up each WPS connection
between two devices. Both devices must support WPS.
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Click Network > Wireless LAN >WPS. The following screen displays.
Figure 53 Network > Wireless LAN > WPS
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 32 Network > Wireless LAN > WPS
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
WPS Setup
Enable WPS
Select the check box to activate WPS on the P-870HN-51D.
PIN Number
This shows the PIN (Personal Identification Number) of the P-870HN51D. Enter this PIN in the configuration utility of the device you want to
connect to using WPS.
The PIN is not necessary when you use WPS push-button method.
Generate
WPS Status
Click this button to have the P-870HN-51D create a new PIN.
This displays Configured when the P-870HN-51D has connected to a
wireless network using WPS or Enable WPS is selected and wireless or
wireless security settings have been changed. The current wireless and
wireless security settings also appear in the screen.
This displays Unconfigured if WPS is disabled and there is no wireless
or wireless security changes on the P-870HN-51D or you click
Release_Configuration to remove the configured wireless and
wireless security settings.
Release_Co
nfiguration
This button is available when the WPS status is Configured but not
configurable if you disable WPS.
Click this button to remove all configured wireless and wireless security
settings for WPS connections on the P-870HN-51D.
Apply
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Click Apply to save your changes back to the P-870HN-51D.
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7.7 The WPS Station Screen
Use this screen to set up a WPS wireless network using either Push Button
Configuration (PBC) or PIN Configuration.
Note: If you select No Security in the Wireless LAN > General screen and click
Push Button in the WPS Station screen, the P-870HN-51D automatically
changes to use WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK mixed mode and generates a preshared key.
Click Network > Wireless LAN > WPS Station. The following screen displays.
Figure 54 Network > Wireless LAN > WPS Station
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 33 Network > Wireless LAN > WPS Station
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Push Button
Click this button to add another WPS-enabled wireless device (within
wireless range of the P-870HN-51D) to your wireless network. This
button may either be a physical button on the outside of device, or a
menu button similar to the Push Button on this screen.
Note: You must press the other wireless device’s WPS button within
two minutes of pressing this button.
Or input
station's PIN
number
Enter the PIN of the device that you are setting up a WPS connection
with and click Start to authenticate and add the wireless device to your
wireless network.
You can find the PIN either on the outside of the device, or by checking
the device’s settings.
Note: You must also activate WPS on that device within two minutes
to have it present its PIN to the P-870HN-51D.
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7.8 The Advanced Setup Screen
To configure advanced wireless settings, click Network > Wireless LAN >
Advanced Setup. The screen appears as shown.
Figure 55 Wireless LAN > Advanced Setup
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 34 Wireless LAN > Advanced Setup
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
802.11 Mode
Select 802.11b Only to only allow IEEE 802.11b compliant WLAN
devices to associate with the P-870HN-51D.
Select 802.11g Only to allow IEEE 802.11g compliant WLAN devices to
associate with the P-870HN-51D. IEEE 802.11b compliant WLAN devices
can associate with the P-870HN-51D only when they use the short
premble type.
Select 802.11n Only to only allow IEEE 802.11n compliant WLAN
devices to associate with the P-870HN-51D. This can increase
transmission rates, although IEEE 802.11b or IEEE 802.11g clients will
not be able to connect to the P-870HN-51D.
Select 802.11b/g Mixed to allow either IEEE 802.11b or IEEE 802.11g
compliant WLAN devices to associate with the P-870HN-51D. The P870HN-51D adjusts the transmission rate automatically according to the
wireless standard supported by the wireless devices.
Select 802.11 b/g/n mixed mode to allow both IEEE802.11b,
IEEE802.11g and IEEE802.11n compliant WLAN devices to associate with
the P-870HN-51D. The transmission rate of your P-870HN-51D might be
reduced.
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RTS/CTS
Threshold
Enter a value between 0 and 2432.
Fragmentation
Threshold
This is the maximum data fragment size that can be sent. Enter a value
between 256 and 2432.
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Table 34 Wireless LAN > Advanced Setup
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Number of
Wireless
Stations
Allowed
Specify the maximum number (from 1 to 64) of the wireless stations that
may connect to the P-870HN-51D.
Output Power
Set the output power of the P-870HN-51D. If there is a high density of
APs in an area, decrease the output power to reduce interference with
other APs. Select one of the following 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% or
100%.
802.11
Protection
Enabling this feature can help prevent collisions in mixed-mode networks
(networks with both IEEE 802.11b and IEEE 802.11g traffic).
Select Auto to have the wireless devices transmit data after a RTS/CTS
handshake. This helps improve IEEE 802.11g performance.
Select Off to disable 802.11 protection. The transmission rate of your P870HN-51D might be reduced in a mixed-mode network.
This field displays Off and is not configurable when you set 802.11
Mode to 802.11b Only.
Preamble
Select a preamble type from the drop-down list menu. Choices are Long
or Short. The default setting is Long. See the appendix for more
information.
This field is not configurable and the P-870HN-51D uses Short when you
set 802.11 Mode to 802.11g Only or 802.11n Only.
Apply
Click this to save your changes back to the P-870HN-51D.
Reset
Click this to reload the previous configuration for this screen.
7.9 Technical Reference
This section discusses wireless LANs in depth. For more information, see the
appendix.
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7.9.1 Wireless Network Overview
The following figure provides an example of a wireless network.
Figure 56 Example of a Wireless Network
AP
A
B
The wireless network is the part in the blue circle. In this wireless network,
devices A and B use the access point (AP) to interact with the other devices (such
as the printer) or with the Internet. Your P-870HN-51D is the AP.
Every wireless network must follow these basic guidelines.
• Every device in the same wireless network must use the same SSID.
The SSID is the name of the wireless network. It stands for Service Set IDentity.
• If two wireless networks overlap, they should use a different channel.
Like radio stations or television channels, each wireless network uses a specific
channel, or frequency, to send and receive information.
• Every device in the same wireless network must use security compatible with
the AP.
Security stops unauthorized devices from using the wireless network. It can also
protect the information that is sent in the wireless network.
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7.9.2 Additional Wireless Terms
The following table describes some wireless network terms and acronyms used in
the P-870HN-51D’s Web Configurator.
Table 35 Additional Wireless Terms
TERM
DESCRIPTION
RTS/CTS Threshold
In a wireless network which covers a large area, wireless devices
are sometimes not aware of each other’s presence. This may cause
them to send information to the AP at the same time and result in
information colliding and not getting through.
By setting this value lower than the default value, the wireless
devices must sometimes get permission to send information to the
P-870HN-51D. The lower the value, the more often the devices
must get permission.
If this value is greater than the fragmentation threshold value (see
below), then wireless devices never have to get permission to send
information to the P-870HN-51D.
Preamble
A preamble affects the timing in your wireless network. There are
two preamble modes: long and short. If a device uses a different
preamble mode than the P-870HN-51D does, it cannot
communicate with the P-870HN-51D.
Authentication
The process of verifying whether a wireless device is allowed to use
the wireless network.
Fragmentation
Threshold
A small fragmentation threshold is recommended for busy networks,
while a larger threshold provides faster performance if the network
is not very busy.
7.9.3 Wireless Security Overview
The following sections introduce different types of wireless security you can set up
in the wireless network.
7.9.3.1 SSID
Normally, the P-870HN-51D acts like a beacon and regularly broadcasts the SSID
in the area. You can hide the SSID instead, in which case the P-870HN-51D does
not broadcast the SSID. In addition, you should change the default SSID to
something that is difficult to guess.
This type of security is fairly weak, however, because there are ways for
unauthorized wireless devices to get the SSID. In addition, unauthorized wireless
devices can still see the information that is sent in the wireless network.
7.9.3.2 MAC Address Filter
Every device that can use a wireless network has a unique identification number,
called a MAC address.1 A MAC address is usually written using twelve hexadecimal
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characters2; for example, 00A0C5000002 or 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. To get the MAC
address for each device in the wireless network, see the device’s User’s Guide or
other documentation.
You can use the MAC address filter to tell the P-870HN-51D which devices are
allowed or not allowed to use the wireless network. If a device is allowed to use
the wireless network, it still has to have the correct information (SSID, channel,
and security). If a device is not allowed to use the wireless network, it does not
matter if it has the correct information.
This type of security does not protect the information that is sent in the wireless
network. Furthermore, there are ways for unauthorized wireless devices to get the
MAC address of an authorized device. Then, they can use that MAC address to use
the wireless network.
7.9.3.3 User Authentication
Authentication is the process of verifying whether a wireless device is allowed to
use the wireless network. You can make every user log in to the wireless network
before they can use it. However, every device in the wireless network has to
support IEEE 802.1x to do this.
For wireless networks, you can store the user names and passwords for each user
in a RADIUS server. This is a server used in businesses more than in homes. If you
do not have a RADIUS server, you cannot set up user names and passwords for
your users.
Unauthorized wireless devices can still see the information that is sent in the
wireless network, even if they cannot use the wireless network. Furthermore,
there are ways for unauthorized wireless users to get a valid user name and
password. Then, they can use that user name and password to use the wireless
network.
7.9.3.4 Encryption
Wireless networks can use encryption to protect the information that is sent in the
wireless network. Encryption is like a secret code. If you do not know the secret
code, you cannot understand the message.
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1.
Some wireless devices, such as scanners, can detect wireless networks but cannot use wireless networks.
These kinds of wireless devices might not have MAC addresses.
2.
Hexadecimal characters are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, and F.
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The types of encryption you can choose depend on the type of authentication.
(See Section 7.9.3.3 on page 120 for information about this.)
Table 36 Types of Encryption for Each Type of Authentication
NO AUTHENTICATION RADIUS SERVER
Weakest
No Security
Static WEP
WPA-PSK
WPA
Stronges
t
WPA2-PSK
WPA2
For example, if the wireless network has a RADIUS server, you can choose WPA
or WPA2. If users do not log in to the wireless network, you can choose no
encryption, Static WEP, WPA-PSK, or WPA2-PSK.
Usually, you should set up the strongest encryption that every device in the
wireless network supports. For example, suppose you have a wireless network
with the P-870HN-51D and you do not have a RADIUS server. Therefore, there is
no authentication. Suppose the wireless network has two devices. Device A only
supports WEP, and device B supports WEP and WPA. Therefore, you should set up
Static WEP in the wireless network.
Note: It is recommended that wireless networks use WPA-PSK, WPA, or stronger
encryption. The other types of encryption are better than none at all, but it is still
possible for unauthorized wireless devices to figure out the original information
pretty quickly.
When you select WPA2 or WPA2-PSK in your P-870HN-51D, you can also select
an option (WPA compatible) to support WPA as well. In this case, if some of the
devices support WPA and some support WPA2, you should set up WPA2-PSK or
WPA2 (depending on the type of wireless network login) and select the WPA
compatible option in the P-870HN-51D.
Many types of encryption use a key to protect the information in the wireless
network. The longer the key, the stronger the encryption. Every device in the
wireless network must have the same key.
7.9.4 WiFi Protected Setup
Your P-870HN-51D supports WiFi Protected Setup (WPS), which is an easy way to
set up a secure wireless network. WPS is an industry standard specification,
defined by the WiFi Alliance.
WPS allows you to quickly set up a wireless network with strong security, without
having to configure security settings manually. Each WPS connection works
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between two devices. Both devices must support WPS (check each device’s
documentation to make sure).
Depending on the devices you have, you can either press a button (on the device
itself, or in its configuration utility) or enter a PIN (a unique Personal Identification
Number that allows one device to authenticate the other) in each of the two
devices. When WPS is activated on a device, it has two minutes to find another
device that also has WPS activated. Then, the two devices connect and set up a
secure network by themselves.
7.9.4.1 Push Button Configuration
WPS Push Button Configuration (PBC) is initiated by pressing a button on each
WPS-enabled device, and allowing them to connect automatically. You do not need
to enter any information.
Not every WPS-enabled device has a physical WPS button. Some may have a WPS
PBC button in their configuration utilities instead of or in addition to the physical
button.
Take the following steps to set up WPS using the button.
1
Ensure that the two devices you want to set up are within wireless range of one
another.
2
Look for a WPS button on each device. If the device does not have one, log into its
configuration utility and locate the button (see the device’s User’s Guide for how to
do this - for the P-870HN-51D, see Section 7.7 on page 115).
3
Press the button on one of the devices (it doesn’t matter which). For the P-870HN51D you must press the WPS button for more than three seconds.
4
Within two minutes, press the button on the other device. The registrar sends the
network name (SSID) and security key through an secure connection to the
enrollee.
If you need to make sure that WPS worked, check the list of associated wireless
clients in the AP’s configuration utility. If you see the wireless client in the list,
WPS was successful.
7.9.4.2 PIN Configuration
Each WPS-enabled device has its own PIN (Personal Identification Number). This
may either be static (it cannot be changed) or dynamic (in some devices you can
generate a new PIN by clicking on a button in the configuration interface).
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Use the PIN method instead of the push-button configuration (PBC) method if you
want to ensure that the connection is established between the devices you specify,
not just the first two devices to activate WPS in range of each other. However, you
need to log into the configuration interfaces of both devices to use the PIN
method.
When you use the PIN method, you must enter the PIN from one device (usually
the wireless client) into the second device (usually the Access Point or wireless
router). Then, when WPS is activated on the first device, it presents its PIN to the
second device. If the PIN matches, one device sends the network and security
information to the other, allowing it to join the network.
Take the following steps to set up a WPS connection between an access point or
wireless router (referred to here as the AP) and a client device using the PIN
method.
1
Ensure WPS is enabled on both devices.
2
Access the WPS section of the AP’s configuration interface. See the device’s User’s
Guide for how to do this.
3
Look for the client’s WPS PIN; it will be displayed either on the device, or in the
WPS section of the client’s configuration interface (see the device’s User’s Guide
for how to find the WPS PIN - for the P-870HN-51D, see Section 7.6 on page 113).
4
Enter the client’s PIN in the AP’s configuration interface.
Note: If the client device’s configuration interface has an area for entering another
device’s PIN, you can either enter the client’s PIN in the AP, or enter the AP’s
PIN in the client - it does not matter which.
5
Start WPS on both devices within two minutes.
Note: Use the configuration utility to activate WPS, not the push-button on the device
itself.
6
On a computer connected to the wireless client, try to connect to the Internet. If
you can connect, WPS was successful.
If you cannot connect, check the list of associated wireless clients in the AP’s
configuration utility. If you see the wireless client in the list, WPS was successful.
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The following figure shows a WPS-enabled wireless client (installed in a notebook
computer) connecting to the WPS-enabled AP via the PIN method.
Figure 57 Example WPS Process: PIN Method
ENROLLEE
REGISTRAR
WPS
This device’s
WPS PIN: 123456
WPS
Enter WPS PIN
from other device:
WPS
START
WPS
START
WITHIN 2 MINUTES
SECURE EAP TUNNEL
SSID
WPA(2)-PSK
COMMUNICATION
7.9.4.3 How WPS Works
When two WPS-enabled devices connect, each device must assume a specific role.
One device acts as the registrar (the device that supplies network and security
settings) and the other device acts as the enrollee (the device that receives
network and security settings. The registrar creates a secure EAP (Extensible
Authentication Protocol) tunnel and sends the network name (SSID) and the WPAPSK or WPA2-PSK pre-shared key to the enrollee. Whether WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK
is used depends on the standards supported by the devices. If the registrar is
already part of a network, it sends the existing information. If not, it generates
the SSID and WPA(2)-PSK randomly.
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The following figure shows a WPS-enabled client (installed in a notebook
computer) connecting to a WPS-enabled access point.
Figure 58 How WPS works
ACTIVATE
WPS
ACTIVATE
WPS
WITHIN 2 MINUTES
WPS HANDSHAKE
REGISTRAR
ENROLLEE
SECURE TUNNEL
SECURITY INFO
COMMUNICATION
The roles of registrar and enrollee last only as long as the WPS setup process is
active (two minutes). The next time you use WPS, a different device can be the
registrar if necessary.
The WPS connection process is like a handshake; only two devices participate in
each WPS transaction. If you want to add more devices you should repeat the
process with one of the existing networked devices and the new device.
Note that the access point (AP) is not always the registrar, and the wireless client
is not always the enrollee. All WPS-certified APs can be a registrar, and so can
some WPS-enabled wireless clients.
By default, a WPS devices is “unconfigured”. This means that it is not part of an
existing network and can act as either enrollee or registrar (if it supports both
functions). If the registrar is unconfigured, the security settings it transmits to the
enrollee are randomly-generated. Once a WPS-enabled device has connected to
another device using WPS, it becomes “configured”. A configured wireless client
can still act as enrollee or registrar in subsequent WPS connections, but a
configured access point can no longer act as enrollee. It will be the registrar in all
subsequent WPS connections in which it is involved. If you want a configured AP to
act as an enrollee, you must reset it to its factory defaults.
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7.9.4.4 Example WPS Network Setup
This section shows how security settings are distributed in an example WPS setup.
The following figure shows an example network. In step 1, both AP1 and Client 1
are unconfigured. When WPS is activated on both, they perform the handshake. In
this example, AP1 is the registrar, and Client 1 is the enrollee. The registrar
randomly generates the security information to set up the network, since it is
unconfigured and has no existing information.
Figure 59 WPS: Example Network Step 1
ENROLLEE
REGISTRAR
SECURITY INFO
AP1
CLIENT 1
In step 2, you add another wireless client to the network. You know that Client 1
supports registrar mode, but it is better to use AP1 for the WPS handshake with
the new client since you must connect to the access point anyway in order to use
the network. In this case, AP1 must be the registrar, since it is configured (it
already has security information for the network). AP1 supplies the existing
security information to Client 2.
Figure 60 WPS: Example Network Step 2
REGISTRAR
EXISTING CONNECTION
AP1
CLIENT 1
ENROLLEE
YI
RIT
U
C
SE
O
NF
CLIENT 2
In step 3, you add another access point (AP2) to your network. AP2 is out of
range of AP1, so you cannot use AP1 for the WPS handshake with the new access
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point. However, you know that Client 2 supports the registrar function, so you use
it to perform the WPS handshake instead.
Figure 61 WPS: Example Network Step 3
EXISTING CONNECTION
CLIENT 1
E
N
TIO
EC
N
ON
GC
N
I
T
XIS
AP1
REGISTRAR
CLIENT 2
SE
CU
RIT
Y
ENROLLEE
INF
O
AP2
7.9.4.5 Limitations of WPS
WPS has some limitations of which you should be aware.
• WPS works in Infrastructure networks only (where an AP and a wireless client
communicate). It does not work in Ad-Hoc networks (where there is no AP).
• When you use WPS, it works between two devices only. You cannot enroll
multiple devices simultaneously, you must enroll one after the other.
For instance, if you have two enrollees and one registrar you must set up the
first enrollee (by pressing the WPS button on the registrar and the first enrollee,
for example), then check that it successfully enrolled, then set up the second
device in the same way.
• WPS works only with other WPS-enabled devices. However, you can still add
non-WPS devices to a network you already set up using WPS.
WPS works by automatically issuing a randomly-generated WPA-PSK or WPA2PSK pre-shared key from the registrar device to the enrollee devices. Whether
the network uses WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK depends on the device. You can check
the configuration interface of the registrar device to discover the key the
network is using (if the device supports this feature). Then, you can enter the
key into the non-WPS device and join the network as normal (the non-WPS
device must also support WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK).
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• When you use the PBC method, there is a short period (from the moment you
press the button on one device to the moment you press the button on the
other device) when any WPS-enabled device could join the network. This is
because the registrar has no way of identifying the “correct” enrollee, and
cannot differentiate between your enrollee and a rogue device. This is a possible
way for a hacker to gain access to a network.
You can easily check to see if this has happened. WPS works between only two
devices simultaneously, so if another device has enrolled your device will be
unable to enroll, and will not have access to the network. If this happens, open
the access point’s configuration interface and look at the list of associated
clients (usually displayed by MAC address). It does not matter if the access
point is the WPS registrar, the enrollee, or was not involved in the WPS
handshake; a rogue device must still associate with the access point to gain
access to the network. Check the MAC addresses of your wireless clients
(usually printed on a label on the bottom of the device). If there is an unknown
MAC address you can remove it or reset the AP.
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CHAPTER
8
Network Address Translation
(NAT)
8.1 Overview
This chapter discusses how to configure NAT on the P-870HN-51D.
Network Address Translation (NAT, RFC 1631) is the translation of the IP address
of a host in a packet, for example, the source address of an outgoing packet, used
within one network to a different IP address known within another network.
8.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
• The Port Forwarding screen lets you configure forward incoming service
requests to the server(s) on your local network (Section 8.3 on page 130).
• The Trigger Port screen lets you change the P-870HN-51D's trigger port
settings (Section 8.4 on page 133).
• The DMZ Host screen lets you configure a default server (Section 8.5 on page
137).
• The ALG screen lets you enable SIP ALG on the P-870HN-51D (Section 8.6 on
page 138).
8.2 What You Need to Know
The following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter.
NAT
In the simplest form, NAT changes the source IP address in a packet received from
a subscriber (the inside local address) to another (the inside global address)
before forwarding the packet to the WAN side. When the response comes back,
NAT translates the destination address (the inside global address) back to the
inside local address before forwarding it to the original inside host.
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Port Forwarding
A port forwarding set is a list of inside (behind NAT on the LAN) servers, for
example, web or FTP, that you can make visible to the outside world even though
NAT makes your whole inside network appear as a single computer to the outside
world.
8.3 The Port Forwarding Screen
This summary screen provides a summary of all port forwarding rules and their
configuration. In addition, this screen allows you to create new port forwarding
rules and delete existing rules.
You may enter a single port number or a range of port numbers to be forwarded,
and the local IP address of the desired server. The port number identifies a
service; for example, web service is on port 80 and FTP on port 21. In some
cases, such as for unknown services or where one server can support more than
one service (for example both FTP and web service), it might be better to specify
a range of port numbers. You can allocate a server IP address that corresponds to
a port or a range of ports.
Note: Many residential broadband ISP accounts do not allow you to run any server
processes (such as a Web or FTP server) from your location. Your ISP may
periodically check for servers and may suspend your account if it discovers any
active services at your location. If you are unsure, refer to your ISP.
To access this screen, click Network > NAT. The following screen appears.
Figure 62 NAT Port Forwarding
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 37 NAT Port Forwarding
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Service Name
Select a pre-defined service from the drop-down list box. The predefined service port number(s) and protocol will display in the External
port, Internal port and Protocol fields.
Otherwise, select User Define to open the Rule Setup screen where
you can manually enter the port number(s) and select the IP protocol.
WAN Interface
Select the WAN interface through which the service is forwarded.
You must have already configured a WAN connection with NAT enabled.
Server IP
Address
Enter the IP address of the server for the specified service.
External Port
Start
Enter the original destination port for the packets.
To forward only one port, enter the port number again in the External
Port End field.
To forward a series of ports, enter the start port number here and the
end port number in the External Port End field.
External Port
End
Enter the last port of the original destination port range.
To forward only one port, enter the port number in the External Port
Start field above and then enter it again in this field.
To forward a series of ports, enter the last port number in a series that
begins with the port number in the External Port Start field above.
Internal Port
Start
Enter the port number to which you want the P-870HN-51D to translate
the incoming port.
To forward only one port, enter the port number again in the Internal
Port End field.
For a range of ports, enter the first number of the range to which you
want the incoming ports translated.
Internal Port
End
Enter the last port of the translated port range.
Protocol
This is the transport layer protocol used for the service.
Add
Click this button to add a rule to the table below.
No.
This is the rule index number (read-only).
Active
This field indicates whether the rule is active or not.
Clear the check box to disable the rule. Select the check box to enable it.
Server Name
This field displays the name of the service used by the packets for this
virtual server.
WAN Interface
This field displays the WAN interface through which the service is
forwarded.
External Start
Port
This is the first external port number that identifies a service.
External End
Port
This is the last external port number that identifies a service.
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Table 37 NAT Port Forwarding (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Internal Start
Port
This is the first internal port number that identifies a service.
Internal End
Port
This is the last internal port number that identifies a service.
Server IP
Address
This field displays the inside IP address of the server.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to go to the screen where you can edit the port
forwarding rule.
Click the Remove icon to delete an existing port forwarding rule. Note
that subsequent rules move up by one when you take this action.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the P-870HN-51D.
Cancel
Click Cancel to return to the previous configuration.
8.3.1 The Port Forwarding Edit Screen
This screen lets you create or edit a port forwarding rule. Select User Define in
the Service Name field or click the rule’s Edit icon in the Port Forwarding
screen to open the following screen.
Figure 63 Port Forwarding Edit
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 38 Port Forwarding Edit
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Active
Clear the check box to disable the rule. Select the check box to enable it.
This field is not editable if you are configuring a User Define rule.
132
Service Name
Enter a name to identify this rule. This field is read-only if you click the
Edit icon in the Port Forwarding screen.
WAN Interface
Select a WAN interface for which you want to configure port forwarding
rules.
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Table 38 Port Forwarding Edit (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
External Start
Port
Enter the original destination port for the packets.
To forward only one port, enter the port number again in the External
End Port field.
To forward a series of ports, enter the start port number here and the
end port number in the External End Port field.
External End
Port
Enter the last port of the original destination port range.
To forward only one port, enter the port number in the External Start
Port field above and then enter it again in this field.
To forward a series of ports, enter the last port number in a series that
begins with the port number in the External Start Port field above.
Internal Start
Port
Enter the port number here to which you want the P-870HN-51D to
translate the incoming port. For a range of ports, enter the first number
of the range to which you want the incoming ports translated.
Internal End
Port
Enter the last port of the translated port range.
Server IP
Address
Enter the inside IP address of the virtual server here.
Protocol
Select the transport layer protocol supported by this virtual server.
Choices are TCP, UDP, or TCP/UDP.
Back
Click Back to return to the previous screen.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the P-870HN-51D.
Cancel
Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
8.4 The Trigger Port Screen
Some services use a dedicated range of ports on the client side and a dedicated
range of ports on the server side. With regular port forwarding you set a
forwarding port in NAT to forward a service (coming in from the server on the
WAN) to the IP address of a computer on the client side (LAN). The problem is
that port forwarding only forwards a service to a single LAN IP address. In order to
use the same service on a different LAN computer, you have to manually replace
the LAN computer's IP address in the forwarding port with another LAN
computer's IP address.
Trigger port forwarding solves this problem by allowing computers on the LAN to
dynamically take turns using the service. The P-870HN-51D records the IP
address of a LAN computer that sends traffic to the WAN to request a service with
a specific port number and protocol (a "trigger" port). When the P-870HN-51D's
WAN port receives a response with a specific port number and protocol ("open"
port), the P-870HN-51D forwards the traffic to the LAN IP address of the computer
that sent the request. After that computer’s connection for that service closes,
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another computer on the LAN can use the service in the same manner. This way
you do not need to configure a new IP address each time you want a different LAN
computer to use the application.
For example:
Figure 64 Trigger Port Forwarding Process: Example
Jane’s
Computer
Real Audio Server
1
Jane requests a file from the Real Audio server (port 7070).
2
Port 7070 is a “trigger” port and causes the P-870HN-51D to record Jane’s
computer IP address. The P-870HN-51D associates Jane's computer IP address
with the "open" port range of 6970-7170.
3
The Real Audio server responds using a port number ranging between 6970-7170.
4
The P-870HN-51D forwards the traffic to Jane’s computer IP address.
5
Only Jane can connect to the Real Audio server until the connection is closed or
times out. The P-870HN-51D times out in three minutes with UDP (User Datagram
Protocol) or two hours with TCP/IP (Transfer Control Protocol/Internet Protocol).
Click NAT > Trigger Port to open the following screen. Use this screen to view
and configure your P-870HN-51D’s trigger port settings.
Figure 65 Trigger Port
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 39 NAT Trigger Port
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Service Name
Select a pre-defined service from the drop-down list box. The predefined service port number(s) and protocol will display in the Trigger
port, Open port and Protocol fields.
Otherwise, select User Define to open the Rule Setup screen where
you can manually enter the port number(s) and select the transport
layer protocol.
WAN Interface
Select the WAN interface through which the service is forwarded.
Trigger Port
The trigger port is a port (or a range of ports) that causes (or triggers)
the P-870HN-51D to record the IP address of the LAN computer that
sent the traffic to a server on the WAN.
Start
This is the first port number that identifies a service.
End
This is the last port number that identifies a service.
Protocol
This is the transport layer protocol used for the service.
Open Port
The open port is a port (or a range of ports) that a server on the WAN
uses when it sends out a particular service. The P-870HN-51D forwards
the traffic with this port (or range of ports) to the client computer on the
LAN that requested the service.
Start
This is the first port number that identifies a service.
End
This is the last port number that identifies a service.
Protocol
This is the transport layer protocol used for the service.
Add
Click this button to add a rule to the table below.
No.
This is the rule index number (read-only).
Active
This field indicates whether the rule is active or not.
Clear the check box to disable the rule. Select the check box to enable it.
Server Name
This field displays the name of the service used by the packets for this
virtual server.
WAN Interface
This field displays the WAN interface through which the service is
forwarded.
Trigger Start
Port
This is the first trigger port number that identifies a service.
Trigger End
Port
This is the last trigger port number that identifies a service.
Trigger Proto.
This is the trigger transport layer protocol. 1 means TCP, 2 means UDP
and 3 means TCP/UDP.
Open Start
Port
This is the first open port number that identifies a service.
Open End Port
This is the last open port number that identifies a service.
Open Proto.
This is the open transport layer protocol. 1 means TCP, 2 means UDP
and 3 means TCP/UDP.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to go to the screen where you can edit the rule.
Click the Remove icon to delete an existing rule. Note that subsequent
rules move up by one when you take this action.
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Table 39 NAT Trigger Port (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the P-870HN-51D.
Cancel
Click Cancel to return to the previous configuration.
8.4.1 Trigger Port Configuration
This screen lets you create new port triggering rules. Click the Add icon in the
NAT - Trigger Port screen to open the following screen.
Figure 66 NAT > Trigger Port > Add
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 40 NAT > Port Triggering > Add
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Active
Clear the check box to disable the rule. Select the check box to enable it.
This field is not editable if you are configuring a User Define rule.
Service
Name
Enter a name to identify this rule. This field is read-only if you click the Edit
icon in the Trigger Port screen.
WAN
Interface
Select a WAN interface for which you want to configure port triggering rules.
Trigger
Start Port
The trigger port is a port (or a range of ports) that causes (or triggers) the
P-870HN-51D to record the IP address of the LAN computer that sent the
traffic to a server on the WAN.
Type a port number or the starting port number in a range of port numbers.
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Trigger End
Port
Type a port number or the ending port number in a range of port numbers.
Trigger
Protocol
Select the transport layer protocol from TCP, UDP, or TCP/UDP.
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Table 40 NAT > Port Triggering > Add
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Open Start
Port
The open port is a port (or a range of ports) that a server on the WAN uses
when it sends out a particular service. The P-870HN-51D forwards the
traffic with this port (or range of ports) to the client computer on the LAN
that requested the service.
Type a port number or the starting port number in a range of port numbers.
Open End
Port
Type a port number or the ending port number in a range of port numbers.
Open
Protocol
Select the transport layer protocol from TCP, UDP, or TCP/UDP.
Back
Click Back to return to the previous screen.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes to the P-870HN-51D.
Cancel
Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
8.5 The DMZ Host Screen
In addition to the servers for specified services, NAT supports a default server IP
address. A default server receives packets from ports that are not specified in the
NAT Port Forwarding Setup screen.
Figure 67 NAT > DMZ Host
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 41 NAT > DMZ Host
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Default Server
Enter the IP address of the default server which receives packets from
ports that are not specified in the NAT Port Forwarding screen.
Note: If you do not assign a Default Server, the P-870HN-51D
discards all packets received for ports that are not specified
in the NAT Port Forwarding screen.
Apply
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8.6 The ALG Screen
Some NAT routers may include a SIP Application Layer Gateway (ALG). A SIP ALG
allows SIP calls to pass through NAT by examining and translating IP addresses
embedded in the data stream. The SIP ALG translates the P-870HN-51D’s private
IP address inside the SIP data stream to a public IP address. You do not need to
use STUN or an outbound proxy if you enable the SIP ALG.
Use this screen to enable or disable the SIP (VoIP) ALG in the P-870HN-51D. To
access this screen, click NAT > ALG.
Figure 68 NAT > ALG
Each field is described in the following table.
Table 42 NAT > ALG
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Active SIP ALG
Select this check box to allow SIP sessions to pass through the P870HN-51D. SIP is a signaling protocol used in VoIP (Voice over IP), the
sending of voice signals over Internet Protocol.
Apply
Click Apply to save your customized settings.
8.7 Technical Reference
The following section contains additional technical information about the P-870HN51D features described in this chapter.
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Port Forwarding: Services and Port Numbers
The most often used port numbers are shown in the following table. Please refer
to RFC 1700 for further information about port numbers. Please also refer to the
Supporting CD for more examples and details on port forwarding and NAT.
Table 43 Services and Port Numbers
SERVICES
PORT NUMBER
ECHO
7
FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
21
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
25
DNS (Domain Name System)
53
Finger
79
HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer protocol or WWW, Web)
80
POP3 (Post Office Protocol)
110
NNTP (Network News Transport Protocol)
119
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)
161
SNMP trap
162
PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol)
1723
Port Forwarding Example
Let's say you want to assign ports 21-25 to one FTP, Telnet and SMTP server (A in
the example), port 80 to another (B in the example) and assign a default server IP
address of 192.168.1.35 to a third (C in the example). You assign the LAN IP
addresses and the ISP assigns the WAN IP address. The NAT network appears as a
single host on the Internet.
Figure 69 Multiple Servers Behind NAT Example
A=192.168.1.33
192.168.1.1
B=192.168.1.34
IP address assigned by ISP
C=192.168.1.35
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CHAPTER
9
Firewall
9.1 Overview
This chapter shows you how to enable and configure the P-870HN-51D firewall
settings.
The P-870HN-51D firewall is a packet filtering firewall and restricts access based
on the source/destination computer network address of a packet and the type of
application.
9.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
The Incoming screen lets you view and configure incoming IP filtering rules
(Section 9.3 on page 142).
9.2 What You Need to Know
The following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter.
Basics
Computers share information over the Internet using a common language called
TCP/IP. TCP/IP, in turn, is a set of application protocols that perform specific
functions. An “extension number”, called the "TCP port" or "UDP port" identifies
these protocols, such as HTTP (Web), FTP (File Transfer Protocol), POP3 (E-mail),
etc. For example, Web traffic by default uses TCP port 80.
When computers communicate on the Internet, they are using the client/server
model, where the server "listens" on a specific TCP/UDP port for information
requests from remote client computers on the network. For example, a Web
server typically listens on port 80. Please note that while a computer may be
intended for use over a single port, such as Web on port 80, other ports are also
active. If the person configuring or managing the computer is not careful, a hacker
could attack it over an unprotected port.
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Some of the most common IP ports are:
Table 44 Common IP Ports
21
FTP
53
DNS
23
Telnet
80
HTTP
25
SMTP
110
POP3
Default Filtering Policies
Filtering rules are grouped based on the direction of travel of packets to which
they apply.
The default rule for incoming traffic blocks all incoming connections from the WAN
to the LAN. If you wish to allow certain WAN users to have access to your LAN,
you will need to create custom rules to allow it.
Note: If you configure filtering rules without a good understanding of how they work,
you might inadvertently introduce security risks to the firewall and to the
protected network. Make sure you test your rules after you configure them.
These custom rules work by comparing the Source IP address, Destination IP
address and IP protocol type of network traffic to rules set by the administrator.
Your customized rules take precedence and override the P-870HN-51D’s default
rules.
9.3 The Firewall Screen
Click Security > Firewall > Incoming to display the following screen. This
screen displays a list of the configured incoming filtering rules.
Figure 70 Firewall > Incoming
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 45 Firewall > Incoming
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Active Firewall
Select this check box to enable the firewall on the P-870HN-51D. When
the firewall is enabled, the P-870HN-51D blocks all incoming traffic from
the WAN to the LAN. Create custome rules below to allow certain WAN
users to access your LAN or to allow traffic from the WAN to a certain
computer on the LAN.
Active
Select this check box to enable the rule.
Filter Name
This displays the name of the rule.
Interfaces
This displays the WAN interface(s) to which this rule is applied.
Protocol
This displays the transport layer protocol that defines the service to
which this rule applies.
Source Address
/ Mask
This displays the source IP addresses and subnet mask to which this
rule applies. Please note that a blank source address is equivalent to
Any.
Source Port
This is the source port number.
Dest. Address /
Mask
This displays the destination IP addresses and subnet mask to which
this rule applies. Please note that a blank destination address is
equivalent to Any.
Dest. Port
This is the destination port number.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to go to the screen where you can edit the rule.
Click the Remove icon to delete an existing rule. Note that subsequent
rules move up by one when you take this action.
Add
Click Add to create a new rule.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the P-870HN-51D.
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9.3.1 Creating Incoming Firewall Rules
In the Incoming screen, click Add to display this screen and refer to the following
table for information on the labels.
Figure 71 Firewall > Incoming: Add
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 46 Firewall > Incoming: Add
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Active
Select this check box to enable the rule.
Filter Name
Enter a descriptive name of up to 16 printable English keyboard
characters, including spaces.
To add a firewall rule, you need to configure at least one of the
following fields (except the Interface field).
144
Protocol
Select the transport layer protocol (TCP/UDP, TCP, UDP or ICMP)
and enter the protocol (service type) number in the port field. Select
NONE to apply the rule to any protocol.
Source IP
Address
Enter the source IP address in dotted decimal notation.
Source Subnet
Mask
Enter the source subnet mask.
Source Port
Enter a single port number or the range of port numbers of the source.
Destination IP
Address
Enter the destination IP address in dotted decimal notation.
Destination
Subnet Mask
Enter the destination subnet mask.
Destination Port
Enter the port number of the destination.
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Table 46 Firewall > Incoming: Add (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Interface
Select Select All to apply the rule to all interfaces on the P-870HN51D or select the specific WAN interface(s) to which this rule applies.
Back
Click Back to return to the previous screen.
Apply
Click Apply to save your customized settings and exit this screen.
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CHAPTER
10
Certificate
10.1 Overview
The P-870HN-51D can use certificates (also called digital IDs) to authenticate
users. Certificates are based on public-private key pairs. A certificate contains the
certificate owner’s identity and public key. Certificates provide a way to exchange
public keys for use in authentication.
10.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
• The Local Certificates screen lets you generate certification requests and
import the P-870HN-51D's CA-signed certificates (Section 10.4 on page 154).
• The Trusted CA screen lets you save the certificates of trusted CAs to the P870HN-51D (Section 10.4 on page 154).
10.2 What You Need to Know
The following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter.
Certification Authority
A Certification Authority (CA) issues certificates and guarantees the identity of
each certificate owner. There are commercial certification authorities like
CyberTrust or VeriSign and government certification authorities. The certification
authority uses its private key to sign certificates. Anyone can then use the
certification authority's public key to verify the certificates. You can use the P870HN-51D to generate certification requests that contain identifying information
and public keys and then send the certification requests to a certification
authority.
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10.3 The Local Certificates Screen
Click Security > Certificates to open the Local Certificates screen. This is the
P-870HN-51D’s summary list of certificates and certification requests.
Figure 72 Local Certificates
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 47 Local Certificates
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Name
This field displays the name used to identify this certificate. It is
recommended that you give each certificate a unique name.
In Use
This field displays how many applications use the certificate.
Subject
This field displays identifying information about the certificate’s owner,
such as CN (Common Name), OU (Organizational Unit or department),
O (Organization or company) and C (Country). It is recommended that
each certificate have unique subject information.
Type
This field displays what kind of certificate this is.
request represents a certification request and is not yet a valid
certificate. Send a certification request to a certification authority, which
then issues a certificate. Use the Load Certificate screen to import the
certificate and replace the request.
signed represents a certificate issued by a certification authority.
Action
Click the View button to open a screen with an in-depth list of
information about the certificate (or certification request).
Click the Load Signed button to import a valid certification to replace
the request.
Click the Remove button to delete the certificate (or certification
request). You cannot delete a certificate that one or more features is
configured to use.
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Table 47 Local Certificates (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Create
Certificate
Request
Click this button to go to the screen where you can have the P-870HN51D generate a certification request.
Import
Certificate
Click this button to open a screen where you can save the certificate
that you have enrolled from a certification authority from your
computer to the P-870HN-51D.
10.3.1 Create Certificate Request
Click Security > Certificates > Local Certificates and then Create Certificate
Request to open the My Certificate Create screen. Use this screen to have the
P-870HN-51D generate a certification request.
Figure 73 Create Certificate Request
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 48 Create Certificate Request
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Certificate Name
Type up to 31 ASCII characters (not including spaces) to identify this
certificate.
Common Name
Select a radio button to identify the certificate’s owner by IP address,
domain name or e-mail address. Type the IP address (in dotted
decimal notation), domain name or e-mail address in the field
provided. The domain name or e-mail address can be up to 31 ASCII
characters. The domain name or e-mail address is for identification
purposes only and can be any string.
Organization Name Type up to 127 characters to identify the company or group to which
the certificate owner belongs. You may use any character, including
spaces, but the P-870HN-51D drops trailing spaces.
State/Province
Name
Type up to 127 characters to identify the state or province where the
certificate owner is located. You may use any character, including
spaces, but the P-870HN-51D drops trailing spaces.
Country/Region
Name
Select a country to identify the nation where the certificate owner is
located.
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Table 48 Create Certificate Request (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Back
Click Back to return to the previous screen.
Apply
Click Apply to begin certificate or certification request generation.
After you click Apply, the Certificate Request Details screen displays. Click
Load Signed Certificate to import a certificate signed by the CA to replace the
request (see Section 10.3.4 on page 153). Otherwise, click Back to return to the
Local Certificates screen. See Section 10.3.3 on page 152 for field information.
Figure 74 Certificate Request Details
10.3.2 Import Certificate
Click Security > Certificates > Local Certificates and then Import
Certificate to open the Import Local Certificate screen. Follow the instructions
in this screen to save an existing certificate to the P-870HN-51D.
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Note: You must remove any spaces from the certificate’s filename before you can
import it.
Figure 75 Import Local Certificate
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 49 Import Local Certificate
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Certificate
Name
Type up to 31 ASCII characters (not including spaces) to identify this
certificate.
Certificate
Copy and paste the certificate into the text box to store it on the P-870HN51D.
Private
Key
Copy and paste the private key into the text box to store it on the P-870HN51D.
Back
Click Back to return to the previous screen.
Apply
Click Apply to save the certificate on the P-870HN-51D.
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10.3.3 Certificate Details
Click Security > Certificates > Local Certificates to open the My Certificates
screen (see Figure 72 on page 148). Click the View icon to open the Certificate
Details screen. Use this screen to view in-depth certificate information and
change the certificate’s name.
Figure 76 Certificate Details
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 50 Certificate Details
152
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Name
This field displays the identifying name of this certificate. If you want
to change the name, type up to 31 characters to identify this
certificate. You may use any character (not including spaces).
Type
This field displays general information about the certificate. signed
means that a Certification Authority signed the certificate. request
means this is a certification request.
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Table 50 Certificate Details (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Subject
This field displays information that identifies the owner of the
certificate, such as Common Name (CN), Organization (O), State (ST)
and Country (C).
Certificate
This read-only text box displays the certificate in Privacy Enhanced
Mail (PEM) format. PEM uses 64 ASCII characters to convert the
binary certificate into a printable form.
This displays null in a certification request.
You can copy and paste the certificate into an e-mail to send to
friends or colleagues or you can copy and paste the certificate into a
text editor and save the file on a management computer for later
distribution (via floppy disk for example).
Private Key
This read-only text box displays the private key in Privacy Enhanced
Mail (PEM) format. PEM uses 64 ASCII characters to convert the
binary certificate into a printable form.
You can copy and paste the private key into an e-mail to send to
friends or colleagues or you can copy and paste the certificate into a
text editor and save the file on a management computer for later
distribution (via floppy disk for example).
Signing Request
This read-only text box displays the request information in Privacy
Enhanced Mail (PEM) format. PEM uses 64 ASCII characters to
convert the binary certificate into a printable form.
This displays null in a signed certificate.
Back
Click Back to return to the previous screen.
Load Signed
Certificate
This button is available only in a certification request details screen
Click this to import a certificate signed by the CA to replace the
request.
10.3.4 Load Signed Certificate
Click Security > Certificates > Local Certificates and then Load Signed or
the Load Signed Certificate button in the Certificate Details screen of a
certification request to open the Load Certificate screen. Follow the instructions
in this screen to save a valid certificate to repalce the request.
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Figure 77 Load Certificate
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 51 Load Certificate
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Certificate
Name
This field is read-only and displays the identifying name of this certificate.
Certificate
Copy and paste the certificate into the text box to store it on the P-870HN51D.
Back
Click Back to return to the previous screen.
Apply
Click Apply to save the certificate on the P-870HN-51D.
10.4 The Trusted CA Screen
Click Advanced Setup > Certificates > Trusted CA to open the following
screen. This screen displays a summary list of certificates of the certification
authorities that you have set the P-870HN-51D to accept as trusted. The P870HN-51D accepts any valid certificate signed by a certification authority on this
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list as being trustworthy; thus you do not need to import any certificate that is
signed by one of these certification authorities.
Figure 78 Trusted CA
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 52 Trusted CA
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Name
This field displays the name used to identify this certificate.
Subject
This field displays information that identifies the owner of the
certificate, such as Common Name (CN), OU (Organizational Unit or
department), Organization (O), State (ST) and Country (C). It is
recommended that each certificate have unique subject information.
Type
This field displays general information about the certificate. ca means
that a Certification Authority signed the certificate.
Action
Click View to open a screen with an in-depth list of information about
the certificate.
Click Remove to delete the certificate.
Import
Certificate
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Click this button to open a screen where you can save the certificate of
a certification authority that you trust to the P-870HN-51D.
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10.4.1 View Trusted CA Certificate
Click the View button in the Trusted CA screen to open the following screen. Use
this screen to view in-depth information about the certification authority’s
certificate.
Figure 79 Trusted CA: View
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 53 Trusted CA: View
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Name
This field displays the identifying name of this certificate.
Type
This field displays general information about the certificate. ca means
that a Certification Authority signed the certificate.
Subject
This field displays information that identifies the owner of the
certificate, such as Common Name (CN), Organizational Unit (OU),
Organization (O) and Country (C).
Certificate
This read-only text box displays the certificate in Privacy Enhanced
Mail (PEM) format. PEM uses 64 ASCII characters to convert the binary
certificate into a printable form.
You can copy and paste the certificate into an e-mail to send to friends
or colleagues or you can copy and paste the certificate into a text
editor and save the file on a management computer for later
distribution (via floppy disk for example).
Back
156
Click this button to return to the previous screen.
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10.4.2 Import Trusted CA Certificate
Click the Import Certificate button in the Trusted CA screen to open the
following screen. The P-870HN-51D trusts any valid certificate signed by any of
the imported trusted CA certificates.
Figure 80 Trusted CA: Import Certificate
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 54 Trusted CA: Import Certificate
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Certificate Name
Enter the name that identifies this certificate.
Certificate
Copy and paste the certificate into the text box to store it on the P870HN-51D.
Back
Click this button to return to the previous screen.
Apply
Click this button to save your changes back to the P-870HN-51D.
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CHAPTER
11
Static Route
11.1 Overview
The P-870HN-51D usually uses the default gateway to route outbound traffic from
computers on the LAN to the Internet. To have the P-870HN-51D send data to
devices not reachable through the default gateway, use static routes.
For example, the next figure shows a computer (A) connected to the P-870HN51D’s LAN interface. The P-870HN-51D routes most traffic from A to the Internet
through the P-870HN-51D’s default gateway (R1). You create one static route to
connect to services offered by your ISP behind router R2. You create another
static route to communicate with a separate network behind a router R3
connected to the LAN.
Figure 81 Example of Static Routing Topology
A
R1
LAN
WAN
R3
R2
11.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
The Static Route screens let you view and configure IP static routes on the P870HN-51D (Section 11.2 on page 160).
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11.2 The Static Route Screen
Click Advanced > Static Route to open the Static Route screen.
Figure 82 Advanced > Static Route
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 55 Advanced > Static Route
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
#
This is the number of an individual static route.
Active
This field indicates whether the rule is active or not.
Clear the check box to disable the rule. Select the check box to enable it.
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Destination
This parameter specifies the IP network address of the final destination.
Routing is always based on network number.
Netmask
This parameter specifies the IP network subnet mask of the final
destination.
Gateway
This is the IP address of the gateway. The gateway is a router or switch
on the same network segment as the device's LAN or WAN port. The
gateway helps forward packets to their destinations.
Interface
This is the WAN interface through which the traffic is routed.
Remove
Click the icon to remove a static route from the P-870HN-51D. A window
displays asking you to confirm that you want to delete the route.
Add
Click this to create a new rule.
Apply
Click this to apply your changes to the P-870HN-51D.
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Chapter 11 Static Route
11.2.1 Static Route Edit
Click the Add button in the Static Route screen. Use this screen to configure the
required information for a static route.
Figure 83 Static Route: Add
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 56 Static Route: Add
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Destination IP
Address
This parameter specifies the IP network address of the final destination.
Routing is always based on network number. If you need to specify a
route to a single host, use a subnet mask of 255.255.255.255 in the
subnet mask field to force the network number to be identical to the host
ID.
IP Subnet
Mask
Enter the IP subnet mask here.
Use Interface
Select a WAN interface through which the traffic is sent. You must have
the WAN interface(s) already configured in the WAN screens.
Use Gateway
IP Address
Select this option and enter the IP address of the next-hop gateway. The
gateway is a router or switch on the same segment as your P-870HN51D's interface(s). The gateway helps forward packets to their
destinations.
Back
Click Back to return to the previous screen without saving.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the P-870HN-51D.
Cancel
Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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CHAPTER
12
Policy Forwarding
12.1 Overview
Traditionally, routing is based on the destination address only and the P-870HN51D takes the shortest path to forward a packet. Policy forwarding allows the P870HN-51D to override the default routing behavior and alter the packet
forwarding based on the policy defined by the network administrator. Policy-based
routing is applied to outgoing packets, prior to the normal routing.
You can use source-based policy forwarding to direct traffic from different users
through different connections or distribute traffic among multiple paths for load
sharing.
12.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
The Policy Forwarding screens let you view and configure routing policies on the
P-870HN-51D (Section 12.2 on page 163).
12.2 The Static Route Screen
Click Advanced > Policy Forwarding to open the Policy Forwarding screen.
Figure 84 Advanced > Policy Forwarding
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 57 Advanced > Policy Forwarding
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Policy Name
This is the name of the rule.
SourceIP
This is the source IP address.
Protocol
This is the transport layer protocol.
SourcePort
This is the source port number.
SourceMAC
This is the source MAC address.
Interface
This is the WAN interface through which the traffic is routed.
Remove
Click the icon to remove a rule from the P-870HN-51D. A window displays
asking you to confirm that you want to delete the rule.
Add
Click this to create a new rule.
12.2.1 Policy Forwarding Setup
Click the Add button in the Policy Forwarding screen. Use this screen to
configure the required information for a policy route.
Figure 85 Policy Forwarding: Add
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 58 Policy Forwarding: Add
164
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Policy Name
Enter a descriptive name of up to 16 printable English keyboard
characters, including spaces.
Source IP
Address
Enter the source IP address.
Protocol
Select the transport layer protocol (TCP or UDP).
Source Port
Enter the source port number.
Source Mac
Address
Enter the source MAC address.
Use Interface
Select a WAN interface through which the traffic is sent. You must have
the WAN interface(s) already configured in the WAN screens.
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Table 58 Policy Forwarding: Add
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Back
Click Back to return to the previous screen without saving.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the P-870HN-51D.
Cancel
Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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CHAPTER
13
RIP
13.1 Overview
Routing Information Protocol (RIP, RFC 1058 and RFC 1389) allows a device to
exchange routing information with other routers.
13.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
The RIP screen lets you set up RIP settings on the P-870HN-51D (Section 13.2 on
page 167).
13.2 The RIP Screen
Click Advanced > RIP to open the RIP screen.
Figure 86 Advanced > RIP
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Chapter 13 RIP
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 59 Advanced > RIP
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Interface
This is the name of the interface in which the RIP setting is used.
Version
The RIP version controls the format and the broadcasting method of the
RIP packets that the P-870HN-51D sends (it recognizes both formats
when receiving). RIP version 1 is universally supported but RIP version 2
carries more information. RIP version 1 is probably adequate for most
networks, unless you have an unusual network topology.
Operation
Select Passive to have the P-870HN-51D update the routing table based
on the RIP packets received from neighbors but not advertise its route
information to other routers in this interface.
Select Active to have the P-870HN-51D advertise its route information
and also listen for routing updates from neighboring routers.
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Enabled
Select the check box to activate the settings.
Apply/Save
Click Apply/Save to save your changes back to the P-870HN-51D.
P-870HN-51D User’s Guide
CHAPTER
14
Quality of Service (QoS)
14.1 Overview
Quality of Service (QoS) refers to both a network’s ability to deliver data with
minimum delay, and the networking methods used to control the use of
bandwidth. Without QoS, all traffic data is equally likely to be dropped when the
network is congested. This can cause a reduction in network performance and
make the network inadequate for time-critical application such as video-ondemand.
Configure QoS on the P-870HN-51D to group and prioritize application traffic and
fine-tune network performance. Setting up QoS involves these steps:
1
Configure classifiers to sort traffic into different flows.
2
Assign priority and define actions to be performed for a classified traffic flow.
The P-870HN-51D assigns each packet a priority and then queues the packet
accordingly. Packets assigned a high priority are processed more quickly than
those with low priority if there is congestion, allowing time-sensitive applications
to flow more smoothly. Time-sensitive applications include both those that require
a low level of latency (delay) and a low level of jitter (variations in delay) such as
Voice over IP (VoIP) or Internet gaming, and those for which jitter alone is a
problem such as Internet radio or streaming video.
This chapter contains information about configuring QoS and editing classifiers.
14.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
• The General screen lets you enable or disable QoS and set the upstream
bandwidth (Section 14.3 on page 170).
• The Queue Setup screen lets you lets you configure QoS queue assignment
(Section 14.4 on page 172).
• The Class Setup screen lets you add, edit or delete QoS classifiers (Section
14.5 on page 174).
• The Policer Setup screen lets you control ingress (or incoming) traffic (Section
14.6 on page 180).
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Chapter 14 Quality of Service (QoS)
• The Monitor screen lets you view the P-870HN-51D's QoS-related packet
statistics (Section 14.7 on page 183).
14.2 What You Need to Know
QoS versus CoS
QoS is used to prioritize source-to-destination traffic flows. All packets in the same
flow are given the same priority. CoS (class of service) is a way of managing traffic
in a network by grouping similar types of traffic together and treating each type as
a class. You can use CoS to give different priorities to different packet types.
CoS technologies include IEEE 802.1p layer 2 tagging and DiffServ (Differentiated
Services or DS). IEEE 802.1p tagging makes use of three bits in the packet
header, while DiffServ is a new protocol and defines a new DS field, which replaces
the eight-bit ToS (Type of Service) field in the IP header.
Tagging and Marking
In a QoS class, you can configure whether to add or change the DSCP (DiffServ
Code Point) value, IEEE 802.1p priority level and VLAN ID number in a matched
packet. When the packet passes through a compatible network, the networking
device, such as a backbone switch, can provide specific treatment or service
based on the tag or marker.
14.3 The Quality of Service General Screen
Use this screen to enable or disable QoS, set the upstream bandwidth for WAN
and downsteam bandwidth for LAN/WLAN.
Upstream bandwdith refers to resources alloted to traffic, which goes from the
LAN device to the WAN device. On the other hand, downstream bandwidth refers
to resources alloted to traffic that comes back from the WAN device to the LAN
device
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Click Advanced > QoS to open the screen as shown next.
Figure 87 QoS General
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 60 QoS General
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Active QoS
Select the check box to turn on QoS to improve your network
performance.
WAN Managed
Upstream
Bandwidth
Enter the amount of upstream bandwidth for the WAN interface that you
want to allocate using QoS.
The recommendation is to set this speed to match the interface’s actual
transmission speed. For example, set the WAN interface speed to
100000 kbps if your Internet connection has an upstream transmission
speed of 100 Mbps.
You can set this number higher than the interface’s actual transmission
speed. The P-870HN-51D uses up to 95% of the DSL port’s actual
upstream transmission speed even if you set this number higher than
the DSL port’s actual transmission speed.
You can also set this number lower than the interface’s actual
transmission speed. This will cause the P-870HN-51D to not use some of
the interface’s available bandwidth.
If you leave this field blank, the P-870HN-51D automatically sets this
number to be 95% of the DSL port’s actual upstream transmission
speed.
LAN/WLAN
Managed
Downstream
Bandwidth
P-870HN-51D User’s Guide
Enter the amount of downstream bandwidth for the LAN and WLAN
interfaces that you want to allocate using QoS.
This value depends on what the network adapter supports. If the
network adapter supports at least 100 Mbps, the effective value for the
field is any value between 1 Kbps to 100 Mbps. The default value is 100
Mbps.
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Chapter 14 Quality of Service (QoS)
Table 60 QoS General
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Upstream
traffic priority
will be
automatically
assigned by
This field is ignored if traffic matches a class you previously configured in
the Advanced > QoS > Class Setup screen.
If traffic does not match a class configured in the Class Setup screen,
the P-870HN-51D assigns priority to unmatched traffic based on what
you select in this field: Ethernet Priority, IP Precedence and/or
Packet Length. See Section 14.8.1 on page 185 for more information
on these traffic priority schemes.
If you do not configure this field, traffic which does not match a class is
mapped to queue two.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the P-870HN-51D.
Cancel
Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
14.4 The Queue Setup Screen
Click QoS > Queue Setup to open the screen as shown next. Use this screen to
configure QoS queue assignment.
Figure 88 QoS Queue Setup
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 61 QoS Queue Setup
172
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Add
Click this button to create a new entry.
No.
This is the index number of this entry.
Active
Select the check box to enable the queue.
Name
This shows the descriptive name of this queue.
Interface
This shows the name of the P-870HN-51D’s interface through which traffic
in this queue passes.
Priority
This shows the priority of this queue.
Weight
This shows the weight of this queue.
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Table 61 QoS Queue Setup
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Buffer
Management
This shows the queue management algorithm used for this queue.
Rate Limit
This shows the maximum transmission rate allowed for traffic on this
queue.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to go to the screen where you can edit the queue.
Queue management algorithms determine how the P-870HN-51D should
handle packets when it receives too many (network congestion).
Click the Remove icon to delete an existing queue. Note that subsequent
rules move up by one when you take this action.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the P-870HN-51D.
14.4.1 Adding a QoS Queue
Click the Add button or the edit icon in the Queue Setup screen to configure a
queue.
Figure 89 QoS Queue Setup: Add
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 62 QoS Queue Setup: Add
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Enable
Select to enable or disable this queue.
Name
Enter the descriptive name of this queue.
Interface
Select the interface to which this queue is applied.
Priority
Select the priority level (from 1 to 3) of this queue.
The smaller the number, the higher the priority level. Traffic assigned to
higher priority queues gets through faster while traffic in lower priority
queues is dropped if the network is congested.
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Table 62 QoS Queue Setup: Add
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Weight
Select the weight (from 1 to 8) of this queue.
If two queues have the same priority level, the P-870HN-51D divides the
bandwidth across the queues according to their weights. Queues with
larger weights get more bandwidth than queues with smaller weights.
Buffer
Management
This field displays Drop Tail (DT). Drop Tail (DT) is a simple queue
management algorithm that allows the P-870HN-51D buffer to accept as
many packets as it can until it is full. Once the buffer is full, new packets
that arrive are dropped until there is space in the buffer again (packets
are transmitted out of it).
Rate Limit
Specify the maximum transmission rate (in Kbps) allowed for traffic on
this queue.
Back
Click Back to return to the previous screen without saving.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the P-870HN-51D.
Cancel
Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
14.5 The Class Setup Screen
Use this screen to add, edit or delete QoS classifiers. A classifier groups traffic into
data flows according to specific criteria such as the source address, destination
address, source port number, destination port number or incoming interface. For
example, you can configure a classifier to select traffic from the same protocol
port (such as Telnet) to form a flow.
You can give different priorities to traffic that the P-870HN-51D forwards out
through the WAN interface. Give high priority to voice and video to make them run
more smoothly. Similarly, give low priority to many large file downloads so that
they do not reduce the quality of other applications.
Click QoS > Class Setup to open the following screen.
Figure 90 QoS Class Setup
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 63 QoS Class Setup
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Add
Click this button to create a new classifier.
Order
This field displays the index number of the classifier.
Active
Select the check box to enable the classifier.
Class Name
This is the name of the classifier.
Classification
Criteria
This shows criteria specified in this classifier, for example the interface
from which traffic of this class should come and the source MAC
address of traffic that matches this classifier.
Forward To
This is the interface through which traffic that matches this classifier is
forwarded out.
DSCP Mark
This is the DSCP number added to traffic of this classifier.
802.1P Mark
This is the IEEE 802.1p priority level assigned to traffic of this
classifier.
VLAN ID Tag
This is the VLAN ID number assigned to traffic of this classifier.
To Queue
This is the name of the queue in which traffic of this classifier is put.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to go to the screen where you can edit the
classifier.
Click the Remove icon to delete an existing classifier. Note that
subsequent rules move up by one when you take this action.
Apply
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Click Apply to save your changes back to the P-870HN-51D.
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14.5.1 QoS Class Edit
Click the Add button or the Edit icon in the Class Setup screen to configure a
classifier.
Figure 91 QoS Class Setup: Add
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 64 QoS Class Configuration
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Class
Configuration
Enable
Select to enable or disable this classifier.
Class Name
Enter a descriptive name of up to 20 printable English keyboard
characters, including spaces.
Classification
Order
Select an existing number for where you want to put this classifier to
move the classifier to the number you selected after clicking Apply.
Select Last to put this rule in the back of the classifier list.
Forward to
Interface
Select a WAN interface through which traffic of this class will be
forwarded out. If you select Unchange, the P-870HN-51D forward
traffic of this class according to the default routing table.
DSCP Mark
This field is available only when you select the Ether Type check box.
If you select Mark, enter a DSCP value with which the P-870HN-51D
replaces the DSCP field in the packets.
If you select Auto Mapping and there is a VLAN tag carried in the
matched packets, the P-870HN-51D will replace the IP ToS field with
the 802.1p priority field.
If you select Unchange, the P-870HN-51D keep the DSCP field in the
packets.
802.1p Mark
Select a priority level with which the P-870HN-51D replaces the IEEE
802.1p priority field in the packets.
If you select Unchange, the P-870HN-51D keep the 802.1p priority
field in the packets.
VLAN ID Tag
If you select Remark, enter a VLAN ID number (between 1 and 4095)
with which the P-870HN-51D replaces the VLAN ID of the frames.
If you select Remove, the P-870HN-51D deletes the VLAN ID of the
frames before forwarding them out.
If you select Add, the P-870HN-51D treat all matched traffic untagged
and add a second VLAN ID.
If you select Unchange, the P-870HN-51D keep the VLAN ID in the
packets.
To Queue
Select a queue that applies to this class.
You should have configured a queue in the Queue Setup screen
already.
Criteria Configuration
Use the following fields to configure the criteria for traffic classification.
Basic
From Interface
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Select from which Ethernet port or wireless interface traffic of this
class should come.
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Table 64 QoS Class Configuration (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Ether Type
Select a predefined application to configure a class for the matched
traffic.
If you select IP, you also need to configure source or destination MAC
address, IP address, DHCP options, DSCP value or the protocol type.
If you select 8021Q, you can configure an 802.1p priority level and
VLAN ID in the Others section.
Source
MAC Address
Select the check box and enter the source MAC address of the packet.
MAC Mask
Type the mask for the specified MAC address to determine which bits
a packet’s MAC address should match.
Enter “f” for each bit of the specified source MAC address that the
traffic’s MAC address should match. Enter “0“ for the bit(s) of the
matched traffic’s MAC address, which can be of any hexadecimal
character(s). For example, if you set the MAC address to
00:13:49:00:00:00 and the mask to ff:ff:ff:00:00:00, a packet with a
MAC address of 00:13:49:12:34:56 matches this criteria.
IP Address
Select the check box and enter the source IP address in dotted
decimal notation. A blank source IP address means any source IP
address.
IP Subnet
Mask
Enter the source subnet mask.
TCP/UDP Port
Range
If you select TCP or UDP in the IP Protocol field, select the check
box and enter the port number(s) of the source.
Exclude
Select this option to exclude the packets that match the specified
criteria from this classifier.
Destination
MAC Address
Select the check box and enter the destination MAC address of the
packet.
MAC Mask
Type the mask for the specified MAC address to determine which bits
a packet’s MAC address should match.
Enter “f” for each bit of the specified source MAC address that the
traffic’s MAC address should match. Enter “0“ for the bit(s) of the
matched traffic’s MAC address, which can be of any hexadecimal
character(s). For example, if you set the MAC address to
00:13:49:00:00:00 and the mask to ff:ff:ff:00:00:00, a packet with a
MAC address of 00:13:49:12:34:56 matches this criteria.
IP Address
Select the check box and enter the destination IP address in dotted
decimal notation. A blank source IP address means any source IP
address.
IP Subnet
Mask
Enter the destination subnet mask.
TCP/UDP Port
Range
If you select TCP or UDP in the IP Protocol field, select the check
box and enter the port number(s) of the source.
Exclude
Select this option to exclude the packets that match the specified
criteria from this classifier.
Others
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Table 64 QoS Class Configuration (continued)
LABEL
802.1P
DESCRIPTION
This field is available only when you select 802.1Q in the Ether Type
field.
Select this option and select a priority level (between 0 and 7) from
the drop down list box.
"0" is the lowest priority level and "7" is the highest.
VLAN ID
This field is available only when you select 802.1Q in the Ether Type
field.
Select this option and specify a VLAN ID number between 1 and 4095.
IP Protocol
This field is available only when you select IP in the Ether Type field.
Select this option and select the protocol (service type) from TCP,
UDP, ICMP or IGMP. If you select User defined, enter the protocol
(service type) number.
IP Packet
Length
DSCP
This field is available only when you select IP in the Ether Type field.
Select this option and enter the minimum and maximum packet
length (from 28 to 1500) in the fields provided.
This field is available only when you select IP in the Ether Type field.
Select this option and specify a DSCP (DiffServ Code Point) number
between 0 and 63 in the field provided.
TCP ACK
This field is available only when you select IP in the Ether Type field.
If you select this option, the matched TCP packets must contain the
ACK (Acknowledge) flag.
DHCP
This field is available only when you select IP in the Ether Type field.
Select this option and select a DHCP option.
If you select Vendor Class ID (DHCP Option 60), enter the Vendor
Class Identifier (Option 60) of the matched traffic, such as the type of
the hardware or firmware.
If you select User Class ID (DHCP Option 77), enter a string that
identifies the user’s category or application type in the matched DHCP
packets.
Exclude
Select this option to exclude the packets that match the specified
criteria from this classifier.
Back
Click Back to return to the previous screen without saving.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the P-870HN-51D.
Cancel
Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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Chapter 14 Quality of Service (QoS)
14.6 The Policer Setup Screen
A policer is a QoS policy.
Click QoS > Policer Setup to open the following screen. The P-870HN-51D can
control ingress (or incoming) traffic by dropping packets that exceed the
committed rate and/or committed burst size specified in this screen.
Figure 92 QoS > Policer
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 65 QoS > Policer Setup
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Add
Click this button to create a new policy.
No
This field displays the index number of the policy.
Active
Select the check box to enable the policy.
Name
This is the name of the policy.
Regulated
Classes
This shows to which classes the policy applies.
Meter Type
This shows the method that the P-870HN-51D uses for determining
which packets to pass, drop or mark (DSCP), whether it’s Simple
Token Bucket, Single Rate Three Color Meter or Two Rate Three
Color Meter. Refer to Section 14.8.2 on page 186 for information on
these meter types.
Parameter
Committed Rate - This shows the maximum committed rate for the
specified class/es.
Committed Burst Size - This shows the maximum committed burst
size for the specified class/es.
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Table 65 QoS > Policer Setup (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Action
Conforming Action - This shows the action that the P-870HN-51D
applies to packets that conform to the meter type selected, and can
be Pass, Drop or DSCP mark.
Non Conforming Action - This shows the action that the P-870HN51D applies to packets that do not conform to the meter type
selected, and can be Pass, Drop or DSCP mark.
•
•
•
Modify
Pass - the packet is allowed to flow to its destination.
Drop - the packet is discarded.
DSCP mark - the packet is given a DSCP mark and processed
accordingly. See Section 14.8.1 on page 185 for information on
DSCP mark.
Click the Edit icon to go to the screen where you can edit the
classifier.
Click the Remove icon to delete an existing classifier. Note that
subsequent rules move up by one when you take this action.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the P-870HN-51D.
14.6.1 Policer Setup Add/Edit
Figure 93 QoS > Policer: Edit
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 66 QoS > Policer Setup: Edit
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Enable
Select this to have the P-870HN-51D pass, drop or mark packets
Meter Type
Select the method that the P-870HN-51D uses for determining which
packets to pass, drop or mark (DSCP). Choices are: Simple Token
Bucket, Single Rate Three Color Meter and Two Rate Three
Color Meter. Refer to Section 14.8.2 on page 186 for information on
these meter types.
that exceed the committed rate and/or committed burst size
specified in this screen.
Committed
Rate
Enter the maximum committed rate for the specified class/es.
Committed
Burst Size
Enter the maximum committed burst size for the specified class/es.
Conforming
Action
Select the action that the P-870HN-51D applies to packets that
conform to the meter type selected. Choices are Pass, Drop and
DSCP mark.
•
•
•
Noncomforming
Action
Select the action that the P-870HN-51D applies to packets that do not
conform to the meter type selected. Choices are Pass, Drop and
DSCP mark.
•
•
•
182
Pass - the packet is allowed to flow to its destination.
Drop - the packet is discarded.
DSCP mark - the packet is given a DSCP mark and processed
accordingly. See Section 14.8.1 on page 185 for information on
DSCP mark.
Pass - the packet is allowed to flow to its destination.
Drop - the packet is discarded.
DSCP mark - the packet is given a DSCP mark and processed
accordingly. See Section 14.8.1 on page 185 for information on
DSCP mark.
Regularted
Classes Member
Setting
Use the Add and Remove buttons to select or deselect classes to
which the policy applies.
Available Class
This shows the available classes.
Selected Class
This shows classes to which the policy applies.
Back
Click Back to return to the previous screen without saving.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the P-870HN-51D.
Cancel
Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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14.7 The QoS Monitor Screen
To view the P-870HN-51D’s QoS packet statistics, click Advanced > QoS >
Monitor. The screen appears as shown.
Figure 94 QoS > Monitor
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 67 QoS > Monitor
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Refresh Interval
Enter how often you want the P-870HN-51D to update this screen.
Select No Refresh to stop refreshing statistics.
Interface Monitor
No.
This is the index number of the entry.
Name
This shows the name of the WAN interface on the P-870HN-51D.
Pass
This shows how many packets forwarded to this interface are
transmitted successfully.
Drop
This shows how many packets forwarded to this interface are
dropped.
Queue Monitor
No.
This is the index number of the entry.
Name
This shows the name of the queue.
Pass
This shows how many packets assigned to this queue are transmitted
successfully.
Drop
This shows how many packets assigned to this queue are dropped.
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14.8 Technical Reference
The following section contains additional technical information about the P-870HN51D features described in this chapter.
IEEE 802.1Q Tag
The IEEE 802.1Q standard defines an explicit VLAN tag in the MAC header to
identify the VLAN membership of a frame across bridges. A VLAN tag includes the
12-bit VLAN ID and 3-bit user priority. The VLAN ID associates a frame with a
specific VLAN and provides the information that devices need to process the frame
across the network.
IEEE 802.1p specifies the user priority field and defines up to eight separate traffic
types. The following table describes the traffic types defined in the IEEE 802.1d
standard (which incorporates the 802.1p).
Table 68 IEEE 802.1p Priority Level and Traffic Type
PRIORITY
LEVEL
TRAFFIC TYPE
Level 7
Typically used for network control traffic such as router configuration
messages.
Level 6
Typically used for voice traffic that is especially sensitive to jitter (jitter is the
variations in delay).
Level 5
Typically used for video that consumes high bandwidth and is sensitive to
jitter.
Level 4
Typically used for controlled load, latency-sensitive traffic such as SNA
(Systems Network Architecture) transactions.
Level 3
Typically used for “excellent effort” or better than best effort and would
include important business traffic that can tolerate some delay.
Level 2
This is for “spare bandwidth”.
Level 1
This is typically used for non-critical “background” traffic such as bulk
transfers that are allowed but that should not affect other applications and
users.
Level 0
Typically used for best-effort traffic.
DiffServ
QoS is used to prioritize source-to-destination traffic flows. All packets in the flow
are given the same priority. You can use CoS (class of service) to give different
priorities to different packet types.
DiffServ (Differentiated Services) is a class of service (CoS) model that marks
packets so that they receive specific per-hop treatment at DiffServ-compliant
network devices along the route based on the application types and traffic flow.
Packets are marked with DiffServ Code Points (DSCPs) indicating the level of
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service desired. This allows the intermediary DiffServ-compliant network devices
to handle the packets differently depending on the code points without the need to
negotiate paths or remember state information for every flow. In addition,
applications do not have to request a particular service or give advanced notice of
where the traffic is going.
DSCP and Per-Hop Behavior
DiffServ defines a new Differentiated Services (DS) field to replace the Type of
Service (TOS) field in the IP header. The DS field contains a 2-bit unused field and
a 6-bit DSCP field which can define up to 64 service levels. The following figure
illustrates the DS field.
DSCP is backward compatible with the three precedence bits in the ToS octet so
that non-DiffServ compliant, ToS-enabled network device will not conflict with the
DSCP mapping.
DSCP (6 bits)
Unused (2 bits)
The DSCP value determines the forwarding behavior, the PHB (Per-Hop Behavior),
that each packet gets across the DiffServ network. Based on the marking rule,
different kinds of traffic can be marked for different kinds of forwarding. Resources
can then be allocated according to the DSCP values and the configured policies.
14.8.1 Automatic Priority Queue Assignment
If you enable QoS on the P-870HN-51D, the P-870HN-51D can automatically base
on the IEEE 802.1p priority level, IP precedence and/or packet length to assign
priority to traffic which does not match a class.
The following table shows you the internal layer-2 and layer-3 QoS mapping on
the P-870HN-51D. On the P-870HN-51D, traffic assigned to higher priority queues
gets through faster while traffic in lower index queues is dropped if the network is
congested.
Table 69 Internal Layer2 and Layer3 QoS Mapping
LAYER 2
LAYER 3
PRIORITY
QUEUE
IEEE 802.1P
USER PRIORITY
(ETHERNET
PRIORITY)
TOS (IP
DSCP
PRECEDENCE)
0
1
0
000000
1
2
2
0
0
000000
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IP PACKET
LENGTH (BYTE)
>1100
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Table 69 Internal Layer2 and Layer3 QoS Mapping
LAYER 2
LAYER 3
PRIORITY
QUEUE
IEEE 802.1P
USER PRIORITY
(ETHERNET
PRIORITY)
TOS (IP
PRECEDENCE) DSCP
IP PACKET
LENGTH (BYTE)
3
3
1
250~1100
001110
001100
001010
001000
4
4
2
010110
010100
010010
010000
5
5
3
011110
<250
011100
011010
011000
6
6
4
100110
100100
100010
100000
5
101110
101000
7
7
6
110000
7
111000
14.8.2 Traffic Policing Meter Types
Traffic policing is the limiting of the input or output transmission rate of a class of
traffic on the basis of user-defined criteria. Traffic policing methods measure traffic
flows against user-defined criteria and identify it as either conforming, exceeding
or violating the criteria.
Simple Token Bucket is similar to tokens in a bucket to control when traffic can
be transmitted. The bucket is a buffer that temporarily stores outgoing packets
and transmits them at an average rate.
Single Rate Three Color Marker (SRTCM) and Two Rate Three Color Marker
(TRTCM) evaluate incoming packets and mark them with one of three colors which
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refer to packet loss priority (PLP) levels. High PLP level is referred to as red,
medium is referred to as yellow and low is referred to as green. The difference
between the two meters is the types of parameters used to evaluate packets.
SRTCM uses committed information rate (CIR), the committed burst size and the
excess burst size. TRTCM uses peak information rate (PIR), CIR, peak burst size
and a committed burst size. After SRTCM and TRTCM are configured and DiffServ
is enabled the following actions are performed on the colored packets:
• Red (high loss priority level) packets are dropped.
• Yellow (medium loss priority level) packets are dropped if there is congestion on
the network.
• Green (low loss priority level) packets are forwarded.
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CHAPTER
15
Dynamic DNS Setup
15.1 Overview
Dynamic DNS allows you to update your current dynamic IP address with one or
many dynamic DNS services so that anyone can contact you (in NetMeeting, CUSeeMe, etc.). You can also access your FTP server or Web site on your own
computer using a domain name (for instance myhost.dhs.org, where myhost is a
name of your choice) that will never change instead of using an IP address that
changes each time you reconnect. Your friends or relatives will always be able to
call you even if they don't know your IP address.
First of all, you need to have registered a dynamic DNS account with
www.dyndns.org. This is for people with a dynamic IP from their ISP or DHCP
server that would still like to have a domain name. The Dynamic DNS service
provider will give you a password or key.
15.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
Use the Dynamic DNS screen (Section 15.3 on page 190) to enable DDNS and
configure the DDNS settings on the P-870HN-51D.
15.2 What You Need To Know
DYNDNS Wildcard
Enabling the wildcard feature for your host causes *.yourhost.dyndns.org to be
aliased to the same IP address as yourhost.dyndns.org. This feature is useful if
you want to be able to use, for example, www.yourhost.dyndns.org and still reach
your hostname.
If you have a private WAN IP address, then you cannot use Dynamic DNS.
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15.3 The Dynamic DNS Screen
To change your P-870HN-51D’s DDNS, click Advanced > Dynamic DNS. The
screen appears as shown.
Figure 95 Advanced > Dynamic DNS
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 70 Advanced > Dynamic DNS
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Service
Provider
Select the name of your Dynamic DNS service provider.
Host Name
Type the domain name assigned to your P-870HN-51D by your Dynamic
DNS provider.
You can specify up to two host names in the field separated by a comma
(",").
190
Interface
Select the WAN interface to use for updating the IP address of the
domain name.
User Name
Type your user name.
Password
Type the password assigned to you.
Email
Enter the user name you used to register for this service.
Key
Enter the password you used to register for this service.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the P-870HN-51D.
Cancel
Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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CHAPTER
16
Remote Management
16.1 Overview
This chapter explains how to configure the remote management and access
control settings on the P-870HN-51D.
16.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
• The TR-069 screen lets you configure the P-870HN-51D’s TR-069 autoconfiguration settings (Section 16.3 on page 193).
• The TR-064 screen lets you enable management via TR-064 on the P-870HN51D (Section 16.3 on page 193).
• The Service Control screens let you configure through which interface(s) users
can use which service(s) to manage the P-870HN-51D (Section 16.4 on page
194).
• The IP Address screens let you configure from which IP address(es) users can
use a service to manage the P-870HN-51D (Section 16.5 on page 195).
16.2 The TR-069 Screen
TR-069 defines how Customer Premise Equipment (CPE), for example your P870HN-51D, can be managed over the WAN by an Auto Configuration Server
(ACS). TR-069 is based on sending Remote Procedure Calls (RPCs) between an
ACS and a client device. RPCs are sent in Extensible Markup Language (XML)
format over HTTP or HTTPS.
An administrator can use an ACS to remotely set up the P-870HN-51D, modify
settings, perform firmware upgrades as well as monitor and diagnose the P870HN-51D. You have to enable the device to be managed by the ACS and specify
the ACS IP address or domain name and username and password.
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Click Advanced > Remote MGMT to open the following screen. Use this screen
to configure your P-870HN-51D to be managed by an ACS.
Figure 96 TR-069
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 71 TR-069
192
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Inform
Select Enable to activate remote management via TR-069 on the
WAN. Otherwise, select Disable.
Inform Interval
Enter the time interval (in seconds) at which the P-870HN-51D sends
information to the auto-configuration server.
ACS URL
Enter the URL or IP address of the auto-configuration server.
ACS User Name
Enter the TR-069 user name for authentication with the autoconfiguration server.
ACS Password
Enter the TR-069 password for authentication with the autoconfiguration server.
WAN Interface
used by TR-069
client
Select a WAN interface through which the TR-069 traffic passes.
Display SOAP
messages on
serial console
Select Enable to show the SOAP messages on the console.
Connection
Request
Authentication
Select this option to enable authentication when there is a connection
request from the ACS.
Connection
Request User
Name
Enter the connection request user name.
If you select Multi_WAN, you should also select the pre-configured
WAN connection(s).
When the ACS makes a connection request to the P-870HN-51D, this
user name is used to authenticate the ACS.
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Table 71 TR-069 (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Connection
Request
Password
Enter the connection request password.
Connection
Request URL
This shows the connection request URL.
Apply/Save
Click this button to save your changes back to the P-870HN-51D.
Cancel
Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
When the ACS makes a connection request to the P-870HN-51D, this
password is used to authenticate the ACS.
The ACS can use this URL to make a connection request to the P870HN-51D.
16.3 The TR-064 Screen
TR-064 is a LAN-Side DSL CPE Configuration protocol defined by the DSL Forum.
TR-064 is built on top of UPnP. It allows the users to use a TR-064 compliant CPE
management application on their computers from the LAN to discover the CPE and
configure user-specific parameters, such as the username and password.
Click Advanced > Remote MGMT > TR064 to open the following screen.
Figure 97 TR-064
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 72 TR-064
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Enable TR064
Select the check box to activate management via TR-064 on the LAN.
Enable
Authenticator
Some TR-064 commands require authentication before it can be
executed. Select this to have the P-870HN-51D authenticate the user
before running the command.
Deselect this to disable authentication and have the P-870HN-51D run
all commands.
Apply
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16.4 The Service Control Screen
Click Advanced > Remote MGMT > Service Control to open the following
screen. Use this screen to decide what services you may use to access which P870HN-51D interface.
Figure 98 Service Control
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 73 Access Control: Services
194
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Service Control
Select Enable to turn on service control. Otherwise, select Disable.
#
This is the index number of the entry.
Services
This is the service you may use to access the P-870HN-51D.
LAN
Select the Enable check box for the corresponding services that you
want to allow access to the P-870HN-51D from the LAN.
WAN
Select the Enable check box for the corresponding services that you
want to allow access to the P-870HN-51D from the WAN.
Apply
Click this button to save your changes back to the P-870HN-51D.
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Chapter 16 Remote Management
16.5 The IP Address Screen
Click Advanced > Remote MGMT > IP Address to open the following screen.
Use this screen to specify the “trusted” computers from which an administrator
may use a service to manage the P-870HN-51D.
Figure 99 IP Address
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 74 IP Address
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Access Control
Mode
Select Enable to activate the secured client list. Select Disable to
disable the list without deleting it.
IP Address
This is the IP address of the trusted computer from which you can
manage the P-870HN-51D.
Remove
Select this check box and click the Remove button to delete this entry
from the P-870HN-51D.
Add
Click this button to create a new entry.
Remove
Click this button to delete the selected entry.
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16.5.1 Adding an IP Address
Click the Add button in the IP Address screen to open the following screen.
Figure 100 IP Address: Add
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 75 IP Address: Add
196
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
IP Address
Enter the IP address of the trusted computer from which you can
manage the P-870HN-51D.
Apply/Save
Click this button to save your changes back to the P-870HN-51D.
Back
Click this button to return to the previous screen without saving.
P-870HN-51D User’s Guide
CHAPTER
17
Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP)
17.1 Overview
Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) is a distributed, open networking standard that
uses TCP/IP for simple peer-to-peer network connectivity between devices. A
UPnP device can dynamically join a network, obtain an IP address, convey its
capabilities and learn about other devices on the network. In turn, a device can
leave a network smoothly and automatically when it is no longer in use.
17.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
The UPnP screen lets you enable UPnP on the P-870HN-51D (Section 17.3 on
page 198).
17.2 What You Need to Know
How do I know if I'm using UPnP?
UPnP hardware is identified as an icon in the Network Connections folder
(Windows XP). Each UPnP compatible device installed on your network will appear
as a separate icon. Selecting the icon of a UPnP device will allow you to access the
information and properties of that device.
NAT Traversal
UPnP NAT traversal automates the process of allowing an application to operate
through NAT. UPnP network devices can automatically configure network
addressing, announce their presence in the network to other UPnP devices and
enable exchange of simple product and service descriptions. NAT traversal allows
the following:
• Dynamic port mapping
• Learning public IP addresses
• Assigning lease times to mappings
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Windows Messenger is an example of an application that supports NAT traversal
and UPnP.
See the NAT chapter for more information on NAT.
Cautions with UPnP
The automated nature of NAT traversal applications in establishing their own
services and opening firewall ports may present network security issues. Network
information and configuration may also be obtained and modified by users in some
network environments.
When a UPnP device joins a network, it announces its presence with a multicast
message. For security reasons, the P-870HN-51D allows multicast messages on
the LAN only.
All UPnP-enabled devices may communicate freely with each other without
additional configuration. Disable UPnP if this is not your intention.
UPnP and ZyXEL
ZyXEL has achieved UPnP certification from the Universal Plug and Play Forum
UPnP™ Implementers Corp. (UIC). ZyXEL's UPnP implementation supports
Internet Gateway Device (IGD) 1.0.
See the following sections for examples of installing and using UPnP.
17.3 The UPnP Screen
Click Advanced > UPnP to display the screen shown next.
See Section 17.1 on page 197 for more information.
Figure 101 Advanced > UPnP
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The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 76 Advanced > UPnP
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Enable Universal Plug
and Play (UPnP) Feature
Select this check box to enable UPnP. Be aware that anyone
could use a UPnP application to open the web configurator's
login screen without entering the P-870HN-51D's IP address
(although you must still enter the password to access the web
configurator).
Apply/Save
Click this to save the setting to the P-870HN-51D.
17.4 Installing UPnP in Windows Example
This section shows how to install UPnP in Windows Me and Windows XP.
Installing UPnP in Windows Me
Follow the steps below to install the UPnP in Windows Me.
1
Click Start and Control Panel. Double-click Add/Remove Programs.
2
Click on the Windows Setup tab and select Communication in the
Components selection box. Click Details.
Figure 102 Add/Remove Programs: Windows Setup: Communication
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3
In the Communications window, select the Universal Plug and Play check box
in the Components selection box.
Figure 103 Add/Remove Programs: Windows Setup: Communication: Components
4
Click OK to go back to the Add/Remove Programs Properties window and click
Next.
5
Restart the computer when prompted.
Installing UPnP in Windows XP
Follow the steps below to install the UPnP in Windows XP.
200
1
Click Start and Control Panel.
2
Double-click Network Connections.
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3
In the Network Connections window, click Advanced in the main menu and
select Optional Networking Components ….
Figure 104 Network Connections
4
The Windows Optional Networking Components Wizard window displays.
Select Networking Service in the Components selection box and click Details.
Figure 105 Windows Optional Networking Components Wizard
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5
In the Networking Services window, select the Universal Plug and Play check
box.
Figure 106 Networking Services
6
Click OK to go back to the Windows Optional Networking Component Wizard
window and click Next.
17.5 Using UPnP in Windows XP Example
This section shows you how to use the UPnP feature in Windows XP. You must
already have UPnP installed in Windows XP and UPnP activated on the P-870HN51D.
Make sure the computer is connected to a LAN port of the P-870HN-51D. Turn on
your computer and the P-870HN-51D.
Auto-discover Your UPnP-enabled Network Device
1
202
Click Start and Control Panel. Double-click Network Connections. An icon
displays under Internet Gateway.
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2
Right-click the icon and select Properties.
Figure 107 Network Connections
3
In the Internet Connection Properties window, click Settings to see the port
mappings there were automatically created.
Figure 108 Internet Connection Properties
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4
You may edit or delete the port mappings or click Add to manually add port
mappings.
Figure 109 Internet Connection Properties: Advanced Settings
Figure 110 Internet Connection Properties: Advanced Settings: Add
5
204
When the UPnP-enabled device is disconnected from your computer, all port
mappings will be deleted automatically.
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6
Select Show icon in notification area when connected option and click OK.
An icon displays in the system tray.
Figure 111 System Tray Icon
7
Double-click on the icon to display your current Internet connection status.
Figure 112 Internet Connection Status
Web Configurator Easy Access
With UPnP, you can access the web-based configurator on the P-870HN-51D
without finding out the IP address of the P-870HN-51D first. This comes helpful if
you do not know the IP address of the P-870HN-51D.
Follow the steps below to access the web configurator.
1
Click Start and then Control Panel.
2
Double-click Network Connections.
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3
Select My Network Places under Other Places.
Figure 113 Network Connections
4
206
An icon with the description for each UPnP-enabled device displays under Local
Network.
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5
Right-click on the icon for your P-870HN-51D and select Invoke. The web
configurator login screen displays.
Figure 114 Network Connections: My Network Places
6
Right-click on the icon for your P-870HN-51D and select Properties. A properties
window displays with basic information about the P-870HN-51D.
Figure 115 Network Connections: My Network Places: Properties: Example
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CHAPTER
18
Parental Control
18.1 Overview
Parental control allows you to block web sites with the specific URL. You can also
define time periods and days during which the P-870HN-51D performs parental
control on a specific user.
18.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
• The Time Restriction screen lets you give different time restrictions to each
user of your network (Section 18.2 on page 209).
• The URL Filter screen lets you restrict home network users from viewing
inappropriate websites (Section 18.3 on page 211).
18.2 The Time Restriction Screen
Use this screen to view the schedules and enable parental control on a specific
user during certain periods.
Click Advanced Setup > Parental Control to open the following screen.
Figure 116 Parental Control > Time restriction
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The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 77 Parental Control > Time Restriction
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
#
This shows the index number of the schedule.
Active
Select the check box to enable the schedule.
username
This shows the name of the user.
MAC
This shows the MAC address of the LAN user’s computer to which this
schedule applies.
Mon ~ Sun
x indicates the day(s) on which parental control is enabled.
Start
This shows the time when the schedule starts.
Stop
This shows the time when the schedule ends.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to go to the screen where you can edit the
schedule.
Click the Remove icon to delete an existing schedule.
Add
Click Add to create a new schedule.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the P-870HN-51D.
18.2.1 Adding a Schedule
Click the Add button in the Time Restriction screen to open the following
screen. Use this screen to configure a restricted access schedule for a specific user
on your network.
Figure 117 Time Restriction Configuration
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The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 78 Time Restriction Configuration
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
User Name
Enter the name of the user.
MAC Address
Enter the MAC address of the LAN user’s computer to which this
schedule applies.
Days of the week Select check boxes for the days that you want the P-870HN-51D to
perform parental control.
Start Blocking
Time
End Blocking
Time
Enter the time period of each day, in 24-hour format, during which
parental control will be enforced.
Back
Click this button to return to the previous screen without saving any
changes.
Save/Apply
Click this button to save your settings back to the P-870HN-51D.
18.3 The URL Filter Screen
Use this screen to configure URL filtering settings to allow or block the users on
your network from accessing certian web sites.
Click Advanced Setup > Parental Control > URL Filter to open the following
screen.
Figure 118 Parental Control > URL Filter
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 79 Parental Control > URL Filter
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Enable URL Filter
Select the check box to enable URL filtering on the P-870HN-51D.
#
This is the index number of the rule.
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Table 79 Parental Control > URL Filter (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Active
Select the check box to enable the filtering rule.
Address
This is the URL of the web site in this rule.
Port
This is the port number the web server uses to forward HTTP traffic.
Modify
Click the Edit icon to go to the screen where you can edit the rule.
Click the Remove icon to delete an existing rule.
Add
Click Add to create a new rule.
Apply
Click this button to save your settings back to the P-870HN-51D.
18.3.1 Adding URL Filter
Click the Add button in the URL Filter screen to open the following screen.
Figure 119 URL Filter Configuration
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 80 URL Filter Configuration
212
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
URL Address
Enter the URL of web site to which the P-870HN-51D blocks or allows
access.
Port Number
Specify the port number the web server uses to forward HTTP traffic.
Back
Click this button to return to the previous screen without saving any
changes.
Save/Apply
Click this button to save your settings back to the P-870HN-51D.
P-870HN-51D User’s Guide
CHAPTER
19
Interface Group
19.1 Overview
By default, all LAN and WAN interfaces on the P-870HN-51D are in the same
group and can communicate with each other. You can create multiple groups to
have the P-870HN-51D assign the IP addresses in different domains to different
groups. Each group acts as an independent network on the P-870HN-51D.
19.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
The Interface Group screen lets you create multiple networks on the P-870HN51D (Section 19.2 on page 213).
19.2 The Interface Group Screen
You can manually add a LAN interface to a new group. Alternatively, you can have
the P-870HN-51D automatically add the incoming traffic and the LAN interface on
which traffic is received to the new group when its source MAC address or DHCP
option information matches the predefined filtering criteria.
Use the LAN screen to configure the private IP addresses the DHCP server on the
P-870HN-51D assigns to the clients in the default and/or user-defined groups. If
you set the P-870HN-51D to assign IP addresses based on the client’s source MAC
address or DHCP option information, you must enable DHCP server and configure
LAN TCP/IP settings for both the default and user-defined groups. See Chapter 6
on page 91 for more information.
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In the following example, the client that sends packets with the source MAC
address 00:19:cb:01:23:45 is assigned the IP address 192.168.2.2 and uses the
WAN interface ptm0_2.
Figure 120 Interface Grouping Application
Default: ETH 2~4
192.168.1.x/24
ptm0_1
ptm0_2
192.168.2.x/24
G2:00:19:cb:01:23:45
Click Advanced Setup > Interface Group to open the following screen.
Figure 121 Interface Group
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 81 Interface Grouping
214
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
#
This shows the index number of the entry.
Group Name
This shows the descriptive name of the group.
WAN Interface
This shows the WAN interfaces in the group.
LAN Interfaces
This shows the LAN interfaces in the group.
Criteria
This shows the filtering criteria for the goup.
Remove
Click the Remove icon to delete the group.
Add
Click this button to create a new group.
P-870HN-51D User’s Guide
Chapter 19 Interface Group
19.2.1 Interface Group Configuration
Click the Add button in the Interface Group screen to open the following screen.
Use this screen to create a new interface group.
Note: An interface can belong to a group only.
Figure 122 Interface Group Configuration
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 82 Interface Group Configuration
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Group Name
Enter a name to identify this group.
WAN Interfaces
used in the
grouping
Select a WAN interface to be used in this group.
Grouped LAN
Interfaces
Select a LAN or wireless LAN interface in the Available LAN
Interfaces and use the left-facing arrow to move it to the Grouped
LAN Interfaces to add the interface to this group.
Available LAN
Interfaces
Select None to not add a WAN interface to this group.
To remove a LAN or wireless LAN interface from the Grouped LAN
Interfaces, use the righ-facing arrow.
#
This shows the index number of the rule.
Filter Criteria
This shows the filtering criteria. The LAN interface on which the
matched traffic is received will belong to this group automatically.
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Table 82 Interface Group Configuration (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Remove
Click the Remove icon to delete this rule from the P-870HN-51D.
Add
Click this button to create a new rule.
Back
Click this button to return to the previous screen without saving any
changes.
Apply
Click this button to save your settings back to the P-870HN-51D.
19.2.2 Interface Grouping Criteria
Click the Add button in the Interface Grouping Configuration screen to open
the following screen.
Figure 123 Interface Grouping Criteria
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 83 Interface Grouping Criteria
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Source MAC
Address
Enter the source MAC address of the packet.
DHCP Option 60
Select this option and enter the Vendor Class Identifier (Option 60) of
the matched traffic, such as the type of the hardware or firmware.
DHCP Option 61
Select this and enter the device identity of the matched traffic.
IAID
216
Enter the Identity Association Identifier (IAID) of the device, for
example, the WAN connection index number.
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Chapter 19 Interface Group
Table 83 Interface Grouping Criteria (continued)
LABEL
DUID Type
DESCRIPTION
Select DUID-LLT (DUID Based on Link-layer Address Plus Time) to
enter the hardware type, a time value and the MAC address of the
device.
Select DUID-EN (DUID Assigned by Vendor Based upon Enterprise
Number) to enter the vendor’s registered enterprise number.
Select DUID-LL (DUID Based on Link-layer Address) to enter the
device’s hardware type and hardware address (MAC address) in the
following fields.
Select Other to enter any string that identifies the device in the DUID
field.
Hardware
type
Enter the 16-bit hardware type of the device from which the traffic
comes. For example, Ethernet is 1 and Experimental Ethernet is 2.
Time
Enter the time (in seconds since midnight (UTC), January 1, 2000) the
DUID is generated.
Link-layer
address
Enter the MAC address of the device.
Enterprise
number
Enter the vendor’s 32-bit enterprise number registered with the IANA
(Internet Assigned Numbers Authority).
Identifier
Enter a unique identifier assigned by the vendor.
DUID
Enter the DHCP Unique Identifier (DUID) of the device.
DHCP Option 125 Select this and enter vendor specific information of the matched
traffic.
Enterprise
number
Enter the vendor’s 32-bit enterprise number registered with the IANA
(Internet Assigned Numbers Authority).
Manufacturer
OUI
Specify the vendor’s OUI (Organization Unique Identifier). It is usually
the first three bytes of the MAC address.
Product Class
Enter the product class of the device.
Model Name
Enter the model name of the device.
Serial
Number
Enter the serial number of the device.
Back
Click this button to return to the previous screen without saving any
changes.
Apply
Click this button to save your settings back to the P-870HN-51D.
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CHAPTER
20
System Settings
20.1 Overview
This chapter shows you how to configure system related settings, such as system
time, password, name, the domain name and the inactivity timeout interval.
20.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
• The General screen lets you configure system settings (Section 20.2 on page
219).
• The Time Setting screen lets you set the system time (Section 20.3 on page
220).
20.2 The General Screen
Use the General screen to configure system settings such as the system
password.
Click Maintenance > System to open the General screen.
Figure 124 Maintenance > System > General
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Chapter 20 System Settings
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 84 Maintenance > System > Genera
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
UserName
Type the user name you use to access the system.
Old Password
Type the default password or the existing password you use to access the
system in this field.
New Password
Type your new system password (up to 30 characters). Note that as you
type a password, the screen displays a (*) for each character you type.
After you change the password, use the new password to access the P870HN-51D.
Retype to
Confirm
Type the new password again for confirmation.
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the P-870HN-51D.
Cancel
Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
20.3 The Time Setting Screen
To change your P-870HN-51D’s time and date, click Maintenance > System >
Time Setting. The screen appears as shown. Use this screen to configure the P870HN-51D’s time based on your local time zone.
Figure 125 Maintenance > System > Time Setting
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The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 85 Maintenance > System > Time Setting
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Current Time
Current Time
This field displays the time of your P-870HN-51D.
Each time you reload this page, the P-870HN-51D synchronizes the
time with the time server.
Current Date
This field displays the date of your P-870HN-51D.
Each time you reload this page, the P-870HN-51D synchronizes the
date with the time server.
Time and Date
Setup
Manual
Select this option to enter the time and date manually.
Get from Time
Server
Select this option to have the P-870HN-51D get the time and date from
the time server you specified below.
First NTP time
server
Select an NTP time server from the drop-down list box.
Second NTP
time server
Third NTP time
server
Otherwise, select Other and enter the IP address or URL (up to 20
extended ASCII characters in length) of your time server.
Select None if you don’t want to configure the time server.
Check with your ISP/network administrator if you are unsure of this
information.
Fourth NTP time
server
Fifth NTP time
server
Time zone offset Choose the time zone of your location. This will set the time difference
between your time zone and Greenwich Mean Time (GMT).
Apply
Click Apply to save your changes back to the P-870HN-51D.
Cancel
Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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222
P-870HN-51D User’s Guide
CHAPTER
21
Logs
21.1 Overview
This chapter contains information about configuring general log settings and
viewing the P-870HN-51D’s logs.
The web configurator allows you to choose which categories of events and/or
alerts to have the P-870HN-51D log and then display the logs or have the P870HN-51D send them to a syslog server.
21.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
• The View Log screen lets you see the logs for the categories that you selected
in the Log Settings screen (Section 21.2 on page 223).
• The Log Settings screen lets you configure to where the P-870HN-51D is to
send logs and which logs and/or immediate alerts the P-870HN-51D is to record
(Section 21.3 on page 224).
21.2 The View Log Screen
Click Maintenance > Logs to open the View Log screen. Use the View Log
screen to see the logs for the categories that you selected in the Log Settings
screen (see Section 21.3 on page 224).
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Chapter 21 Logs
The log wraps around and deletes the old entries after it fills.
Figure 126 Maintenance > Logs > View Log
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 86 Maintenance > Logs > View Log
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Display
Select a severity level of logs to view. The P-870HN-51D displays the logs
with the severity level equal to or higher than what you selected.
#
This field is a sequential value and is not associated with a specific entry.
Date/Time
This field displays the time the log was recorded.
Severity
This field displays the severity level of the log.
System
This field displays the system module from which the logs come.
Message
This field states the reason for the log.
21.3 The Log Settings Screen
Use the Log Settings screen to configure to where the P-870HN-51D is to send
logs and which logs and/or immediate alerts the P-870HN-51D is to record and
display.
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To change your P-870HN-51D’s log settings, click Maintenance > Logs > Log
Settings. The screen appears as shown.
Figure 127 Maintenance > Logs > Log Settings
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 87 Maintenance > Logs > Log Settings
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Active
Select to enable or disable system logging.
Log Level
Select the severity level of the logs that you want the P-870HN-51D to
display, record and send to the log server.
The P-870HN-51D displays and records the logs with the severity level
equal to or higher than what you selected.
Mode
Select Local to record the logs and store them in the local memory of the
P-870HN-51D only.
Select Remote to send logs to the specified log server.
Select Both to record the logs and store them in the local memory and
also send logs to the log server.
Syslog Server
IP Address
Enter the server name or the IP address of the log server.
Syslog Server
UDP Port
Enter the UDP port of the log server.
Apply
Click Apply to save your customized settings.
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CHAPTER
22
Tools
Do not interrupt the file transfer process as this may
PERMANENTLY DAMAGE your P-870HN-51D.
22.1 Overview
This chapter explains how to upload new firmware, manage configuration files and
restart your P-870HN-51D.
Use the instructions in this chapter to change the device’s configuration file or
upgrade its firmware. After you configure your device, you can backup the
configuration file to a computer. That way if you later misconfigure the device, you
can upload the backed up configuration file to return to your previous settings.
You can alternately upload the factory default configuration file if you want to
return the device to the original default settings. The firmware determines the
device’s available features and functionality. You can download new firmware
releases from your nearest ZyXEL FTP site (or www.zyxel.com) to use to upgrade
your device’s performance.
Only use firmware for your device’s specific model. Refer to the
label on the bottom of your P-870HN-51D.
22.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
• The Firmware screen lets you upload firmware to your device (Section 22.2 on
page 228).
• The Configuration screen lets you backup and restore device configurations
(Section 22.3 on page 230). You can also reset your device settings back to the
factory default.
• The Restart screen lets you restart your P-870HN-51D (Section 22.4 on page
232).
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Chapter 22 Tools
22.2 The Firmware Screen
Click Maintenance > Tools to open the Firmware screen. Follow the
instructions in this screen to upload firmware to your P-870HN-51D. The upload
process uses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) and may take up to two minutes.
After a successful upload, the system will reboot.
Do NOT turn off the P-870HN-51D while firmware upload is in
progress!
Figure 128 Maintenance > Tools > Firmware
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 88 Maintenance > Tools > Firmware
228
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Current
Firmware
Version
This is the present Firmware version and the date created.
File Path
Type in the location of the file you want to upload in this field or click
Browse ... to find it.
Browse...
Click Browse... to find the .bin file you want to upload. Remember that
you must decompress compressed (.zip) files before you can upload
them.
Upload
Click Upload to begin the upload process. This process may take up to
two minutes.
P-870HN-51D User’s Guide
Chapter 22 Tools
After you see the Firmware Upload in Progress screen, wait two minutes
before logging into the P-870HN-51D again.
Figure 129 Firmware Upload In Progress
The P-870HN-51D automatically restarts in this time causing a temporary network
disconnect. In some operating systems, you may see the following icon on your
desktop.
Figure 130 Network Temporarily Disconnected
After two minutes, log in again and check your new firmware version in the
Status screen.
If the upload was not successful, the following screen will appear. Click Tools to
go back to the Firmware screen.
Figure 131 Error Message
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Chapter 22 Tools
22.3 The Configuration Screen
Click Maintenance > Tools > Configuration. Information related to factory
defaults, backup configuration, and restoring configuration appears in this screen,
as shown next.
Figure 132 Maintenance > Tools > Configuration
Backup Configuration
Backup Configuration allows you to back up (save) the P-870HN-51D’s current
configuration to a file on your computer. Once your P-870HN-51D is configured
and functioning properly, it is highly recommended that you back up your
configuration file before making configuration changes. The backup configuration
file will be useful in case you need to return to your previous settings.
Click Backup to save the P-870HN-51D’s current configuration to your computer.
Restore Configuration
Restore Configuration allows you to upload a new or previously saved
configuration file from your computer to your P-870HN-51D.
Table 89 Restore Configuration
230
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
File Path
Type in the location of the file you want to upload in this field or click
Browse ... to find it.
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Chapter 22 Tools
Table 89 Restore Configuration
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Browse...
Click Browse... to find the file you want to upload. Remember that you must
decompress compressed (.ZIP) files before you can upload them.
Upload
Click Upload to begin the upload process.
Do not turn off the P-870HN-51D while configuration file upload is
in progress.
After you see a “restore configuration successful” screen, you must then wait one
minute before logging into the P-870HN-51D again.
Figure 133 Configuration Upload Successful
The P-870HN-51D automatically restarts in this time causing a temporary network
disconnect. In some operating systems, you may see the following icon on your
desktop.
Figure 134 Network Temporarily Disconnected
If you uploaded the default configuration file you may need to change the IP
address of your computer to be in the same subnet as that of the default device IP
address (192.168.1.1). See Appendix B on page 269 for details on how to set up
your computer’s IP address.
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Chapter 22 Tools
If the upload was not successful, the following screen will appear. Click Tools >
Configuration to go back to the Configuration screen.
Figure 135 Configuration Upload Error
Reset to Factory Defaults
Click the Reset button to clear all user-entered configuration information and
return the P-870HN-51D to its factory defaults. The following warning screen
appears.
Figure 136 Reset Warning Message
You can also press the RESET button on the rear panel to reset the factory
defaults of your P-870HN-51D. Refer to Section 1.6 on page 25 for more
information on the RESET button.
22.4 The Restart Screen
System restart allows you to reboot the P-870HN-51D without turning the power
off.
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Chapter 22 Tools
Click Maintenance > Tools > Restart. Click Restart to have the P-870HN-51D
reboot. This does not affect the P-870HN-51D's configuration.
Figure 137 Maintenance > Tools >Restart
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CHAPTER
23
Diagnostic
23.1 Overview
The Diagnostic screens display information to help you identify problems with the
P-870HN-51D.
The route between a CO VDSL switch and one of its CPE may go through switches
owned by independent organizations. A connectivity fault point generally takes
time to discover and impacts subscriber’s network access. In order to eliminate
the management and maintenance efforts, IEEE 802.1ag is a Connectivity Fault
Management (CFM) specification which allows network administrators to identify
and manage connection faults. Through discovery and verification of the path,
CFM can detect, analyze and isolate connectivity faults in bridged LANs.
23.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter
• The General screen lets you ping an IP address or trace the route packets take
to a host (Section 23.3 on page 236).
• The 802.1ag screen lets you perform CFM actions (Section 23.4 on page 237).
23.2 What You Need to Know
The following terms and concepts may help as you read through this chapter.
How CFM Works
A Maintenance Association (MA) defines a VLAN and associated Maintenance End
Point (MEP) ports on the device under a Maintenance Domain (MD) level. An MEP
port has the ability to send Connectivity Check Messages (CCMs) and get other
MEP ports information from neighbor devices’ CCMs within an MA.
CFM provides two tests to discover connectivity faults.
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Chapter 23 Diagnostic
• Loopback test - checks if the MEP port receives its Loop Back Response (LBR)
from its target after it sends the Loop Back Message (LBM). If no response is
received, there might be a connectivity fault between them.
• Link trace test - provides additional connectivity fault analysis to get more
information on where the fault is. If an MEP port does not respond to the source
MEP, this may indicate a fault. Administrators can take further action to check
and resume services from the fault according to the line connectivity status
report.
23.3 The General Diagnostic Screen
Click Maintenance > Diagnostic to open the screen shown next. Ping and
traceroute help check availability of remote hosts and also help troubleshoot
network or Internet connections.
Figure 138 Maintenance > Diagnostic > General
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 90 Maintenance > Diagnostic > General
236
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
TCP/IP
Address
Type the IP address of a computer that you want to ping in order to test a
connection or trace the route packets take to.
Ping
Click this button to ping the IP address that you entered.
Traceoute
Click this button to perform the traceroute function. This determines the
path a packet takes to the specified host.
P-870HN-51D User’s Guide
Chapter 23 Diagnostic
23.4 The 802.1ag Screen
Click Diagnostic to open the following screen. Use this screen to perform CFM
actions.
Figure 139 802.1ag
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 91 Maintenance > Diagnostic > 802.1ag
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
802.1ag
Connectivity
Fault
Management
Maintenance
Domain (MD)
Name
Type a name of up to 39 printable English keyboard characters for this
MD.
Maintenance
Domain (MD)
Level
Select a level (0-7) under which you want to create an MA.
Maintenance
Association (MA)
Name
Type a name of up to 39 printable English keyboard characters for this
MA.
P-870HN-51D User’s Guide
The combined length of the MD Name and MA name must be less or
equal to 44bytes.
The combined length of the MD Name and MA name must be less or
equal to 44bytes.
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Table 91 Maintenance > Diagnostic > 802.1ag (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Maintenance
Association (MA)
Format
Select the format which the P-870HN-51D uses to send this MA
information in the domain (MD). Options are VID, String and
Integer.
If you select VID or Integer, the P-870HN-51D adds the VLAN ID you
specified for an MA in the CCM.
If you select String, the P-870HN-51D adds the MA name you
specified above in the CCM.
Note: The MEPs in the same MA shoule use the same MA format.
Destination MAC
Address
Enter the target device’s MAC address to which the P-870HN-51D
performs a CFM loopback test.
Count
Set how many times the P-870HN-51D send loopback messages
(LBMs).
802.1Q VLAN ID
Type a VLAN ID (0-4095) for this MA.
Maintenance End
Point ID
Enter an ID number (1-8191) for this MEP port. Each MEP port needs a
unique ID number within an MD. The MEP ID is to identify an MEP port
used when you perform a CFM action
Status
Continuity Check
Message (CCM)
This shows how many Connectivity Check Messages (CCMs) are sent
and if there is any invalid CCM or cross-connect CCM.
Loopback
Message (LBM)
This shows how many Loop Back Messages (LBMs) are sent and if
there is any inorder or outorder Loop Back Response (LBR) received
from a remote MEP.
Linktrace
Message (LTM)
This shows the destination MAC address in the Link Trace Response
(LTR).
Save
Click this to save your changes back to the P-870HN-51D.
Enable CCM
Click this button to have the selected MEP send Connectivity Check
Messages (CCMs) to other MEPs.
Disable CCM
Click this button to disallow the selected MEP to send Connectivity
Check Messages (CCMs) to other MEPs.
Update CC status Click this button to reload the test result.
238
Send Loopback
Click this button to have the selected MEP send the LBM (Loop Back
Message) to a specified remote end point.
Send Linktrace
Click this button to have the selected MEP send the LTMs (Link Trace
Messages) to a specified remote end point.
P-870HN-51D User’s Guide
CHAPTER
24
Troubleshooting
This chapter offers some suggestions to solve problems you might encounter. The
potential problems are divided into the following categories.
• Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs
• P-870HN-51D Access and Login
• Internet Access
• Wireless LAN Troubleshooting
24.1 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs
The P-870HN-51D does not turn on. None of the LEDs turn on.
1
Make sure the P-870HN-51D is turned on.
2
Make sure you are using the power adaptor or cord included with the P-870HN51D.
3
Make sure the power adaptor or cord is connected to the P-870HN-51D and
plugged in to an appropriate power source. Make sure the power source is turned
on.
4
Turn the P-870HN-51D off and on.
5
If the problem continues, contact the vendor.
One of the LEDs does not behave as expected.
1
Make sure you understand the normal behavior of the LED. See Section 1.5 on
page 23.
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Chapter 24 Troubleshooting
2
Check the hardware connections. See the Quick Start Guide.
3
Inspect your cables for damage. Contact the vendor to replace any damaged
cables.
4
Turn the P-870HN-51D off and on.
5
If the problem continues, contact the vendor.
24.2 P-870HN-51D Access and Login
I forgot the IP address for the P-870HN-51D.
1
The default IP address is https://192.168.1.1.
2
If you changed the IP address and have forgotten it, you might get the IP address
of the P-870HN-51D by looking up the IP address of the default gateway for your
computer. To do this in most Windows computers, click Start > Run, enter cmd,
and then enter ipconfig. The IP address of the Default Gateway might be the IP
address of the P-870HN-51D (it depends on the network), so enter this IP address
in your Internet browser.
3
If this does not work, you have to reset the device to its factory defaults. See
Section 1.6 on page 25.
I forgot the password.
1
The default admin password is 1234 and the default user password is user.
2
If this does not work, you have to reset the device to its factory defaults. See
Section 1.6 on page 25.
I cannot see or access the Login screen in the web configurator.
1
Make sure you are using the correct IP address.
• The default IP address is https://192.168.1.1.
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• If you changed the IP address (Section on page 96), use the new IP address.
• If you changed the IP address and have forgotten it, see the troubleshooting
suggestions for I forgot the IP address for the P-870HN-51D.
2
Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as
expected. See the Quick Start Guide.
3
Make sure your Internet browser does not block pop-up windows and has
JavaScripts and Java enabled. See Appendix C on page 299.
4
Reset the device to its factory defaults, and try to access the P-870HN-51D with
the default IP address. See Section 1.6 on page 25.
5
If the problem continues, contact the network administrator or vendor, or try one
of the advanced suggestions.
Advanced Suggestions
• If your computer is connected to the WAN port or is connected wirelessly, use a
computer that is connected to an ETHERNET port.
• Try to access the P-870HN-51D using another service, such as Telnet. If you can
access the P-870HN-51D, check the remote management settings and firewall
rules to find out why the P-870HN-51D does not respond to HTTPS.
I can see the Login screen, but I cannot log in to the P-870HN-51D.
1
Make sure you have entered the user name and password correctly. The default
admin user name is admin and default admin password is 1234. The default user
name is user and the default user password is user. These fields are casesensitive, so make sure [Caps Lock] is not on.
2
Turn the P-870HN-51D off and on.
3
If this does not work, you have to reset the device to its factory defaults. See
Section 24.1 on page 239.
I cannot Telnet to the P-870HN-51D.
See the troubleshooting suggestions for I cannot see or access the Login screen in
the web configurator. Ignore the suggestions about your browser.
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I cannot use FTP to upload / download the configuration file. / I cannot use FTP to
upload new firmware.
See the troubleshooting suggestions for I cannot see or access the Login screen in
the web configurator. Ignore the suggestions about your browser.
I cannot access the P-870HN-51D again after configuring a new interface group.
Make sure your computer is connected to a LAN port in the default group.
Otherwise, you need to use the P-870HN-51D’s LAN IP address for the new group
to access the P-870HN-51D again.
24.3 Internet Access
I cannot access the Internet.
1
Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as
expected. See the Quick Start Guide and Section 1.5 on page 23.
2
Make sure you entered your ISP account information correctly in the WAN screens.
These fields are case-sensitive, so make sure [Caps Lock] is not on.
3
If you are trying to access the Internet wirelessly, make sure the wireless settings
in the wireless client are the same as the settings in the AP.
4
Disconnect all the cables from your device, and follow the directions in the Quick
Start Guide again.
5
If the problem continues, contact your ISP.
I cannot access the Internet through a DSL connection.
1
242
Check if you set the DSL/WAN switch (on the back of the P-2812HNU-51c) to the
DSL side to have the P-870HN-51D use the DSL port for Internet access.
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Chapter 24 Troubleshooting
2
Make sure you configured a proper ATM or PTM layer-2 interface and WAN services
with the Internet account information provided by your ISP.
3
If you set up a WAN connection using bridging service, make sure you turn off the
DHCP feature in the LAN screen to have the clients get WAN IP addresses directly
from your ISP’s DHCP server.
I cannot access the Internet through an Ethernet WAN connection.
1
Check if you set the DSL/WAN switch (on the back of the P-2812HNU-51c) to the
WAN side to have the P-870HN-51D use the Ethernet WAN port for Internet
access.
2
Make sure you connect the Ethernet WAN port to a DSL modem or router in your
netwrok.
3
Make sure you configured a proper Ethernet layer-2 interface and WAN services
with the Internet account information provided by your ISP.
4
If you set up a WAN connection using bridging service, make sure you turn off the
DHCP feature in the LAN screen to have the clients get WAN IP addresses directly
from your ISP’s DHCP server.
I cannot connect to the Internet using a second DSL connection.
ADSL and VDSL connections cannot work at the same time. You can only use one
type of DSL connection, either ADSL or VDSL connection at one time.
I cannot create multiple connections of the same type.
Your layer-2 interface must be in VLAN MUX Mode or MSC mode to create multiple
WAN serivces for each connection.
I cannot access the Internet anymore. I had access to the Internet (with the P870HN-51D), but my Internet connection is not available anymore.
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Chapter 24 Troubleshooting
1
Check the hardware connections, and make sure the LEDs are behaving as
expected. See the Quick Start Guide and Section 1.5 on page 23.
2
Turn the P-870HN-51D off and on.
3
If the problem continues, contact your ISP.
The Internet connection is slow or intermittent.
1
There might be a lot of traffic on the network. Look at the LEDs, and check Section
1.5 on page 23. If the P-870HN-51D is sending or receiving a lot of information,
try closing some programs that use the Internet, especially peer-to-peer
applications.
2
Check the signal strength. If the signal strength is low, try moving your computer
closer to the P-870HN-51D if possible, and look around to see if there are any
devices that might be interfering with the wireless network (for example,
microwaves, other wireless networks, and so on).
3
Turn the P-870HN-51D off and on.
4
If the problem continues, contact the network administrator or vendor, or try one
of the advanced suggestions.
Advanced Suggestions
• Check the settings for QoS. If it is disabled, you might consider activating it. If it
is enabled, you might consider raising or lowering the priority for some
applications.
24.4 Wireless LAN Troubleshooting
I cannot access the P-870HN-51D or ping any computer from the WLAN (wireless
AP or router).
244
1
Make sure the wireless LAN is enabled on the P-870HN-51D.
2
Make sure the wireless adapter on the wireless station is working properly.
P-870HN-51D User’s Guide
Chapter 24 Troubleshooting
3
Make sure the wireless adapter installed on your computer is IEEE 802.11
compatible and supports the same wireless standard as the P-870HN-51D.
4
Make sure your computer (with a wireless adapter installed) is within the
transmission range of the P-870HN-51D.
5
Check that both the P-870HN-51D and your wireless station are using the same
wireless and wireless security settings.
6
Check if MAC Filter is configured to deny wireless access to certain MAC addresses
to the P-870HN-51D. See Chapter 7 Wireless LAN in the User’s Guide for more
information.
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Chapter 24 Troubleshooting
246
P-870HN-51D User’s Guide
CHAPTER
25
Product Specifications
The following tables summarize the P-870HN-51D’s hardware and firmware
features.
25.1 Hardware Specifications
Table 92 Hardware Specifications
Dimensions
21.5 cm (L) x 12.3 cm (W) x 3.6 cm (D)
Weight
417 g
Power Specification
12 V DC 1.5A
Built-in Switch
Four auto-negotiating, auto MDI/MDI-X 10/100/1000 Mbps RJ-45
Ethernet ports
RESET Button
10 seconds: Restores factory defaults
Antennas
One attached external dipole antenna, 2dBi
One internal antenna , 2dBi
WPS Button
1 second: turn on or off WLAN
5 seconds: enable WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup)
Operation
Temperature
0º C ~ 40º C
Storage Temperature
-30º ~ 60º C
Operation Humidity
20% ~ 85% RH
Storage Humidity
20% ~ 90% RH
25.2 Firmware Specifications
Table 93 Firmware Specifications
Default IP Address
192.168.1.1
Default Subnet Mask
255.255.255.0 (24 bits)
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Chapter 25 Product Specifications
Table 93 Firmware Specifications (continued)
Default User Name
admin
Default Password
1234
DHCP Server IP Pool
192.168.1.33 to 192.168.1.65
Static Routes
16
Device Management
Use the web configurator to easily configure the rich range of
features on the P-870HN-51D.
Wireless
Functionality
Allow the IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g and/or IEEE 802.11n
wireless clients to connect to the P-870HN-51D wirelessly. Enable
wireless security (WEP, WPA(2), WPA(2)-PSK) and/or MAC filtering
to protect your wireless network.
(wireless devices
only)
Firmware Upgrade
Download new firmware (when available) from the ZyXEL web site
and use the web configurator to put it on the P-870HN-51D.
Note: Only upload firmware for your specific model!
Configuration Backup
& Restoration
Make a copy of the P-870HN-51D’s configuration. You can put it
back on the P-870HN-51D later if you decide to revert back to an
earlier configuration.
Port Forwarding
If you have a server (mail or web server for example) on your
network, you can use this feature to let people access it from the
Internet.
DHCP (Dynamic Host
Configuration
Protocol)
Use this feature to have the P-870HN-51D assign IP addresses, an
IP default gateway and DNS servers to computers on your
network. Your device can also act as a surrogate DHCP server
(DHCP Relay) where it relays IP address assignment from the
actual real DHCP server to the clients.
Dynamic DNS
Support
With Dynamic DNS (Domain Name System) support, you can use
a fixed URL, www.zyxel.com for example, with a dynamic IP
address. You must register for this service with a Dynamic DNS
service provider.
IP Multicast
IP multicast is used to send traffic to a specific group of
computers. The P-870HN-51D supports versions 1 and 2 of IGMP
(Internet Group Management Protocol) used to join multicast
groups (see RFC 2236).
NAT
NAT (includes multi-to-multi NAT)/SUA
NAT Server (port forwarding)
VPN (IPSec, PPTP, and L2TP) Pass Through
NAT friendly applications:
NetMeeting
Microsoft PPTP client
MSN Messenger
X-Box Live
TFTP, FTP, H.323, RTSP, SIP ALG
248
Time and Date
Get the current time and date from an external server when you
turn on your P-870HN-51D. You can also set the time manually.
These dates and times are then used in logs.
Logs
Use logs for troubleshooting. You can send logs from the P870HN-51D to an external syslog server.
P-870HN-51D User’s Guide
Chapter 25 Product Specifications
Table 93 Firmware Specifications (continued)
Universal Plug and
Play (UPnP)
A UPnP-enabled device can dynamically join a network, obtain an
IP address and convey its capabilities to other devices on the
network.
QoS (Quality of
Service)
You can efficiently manage traffic on your network by reserving
bandwidth and giving priority to certain types of traffic and/or to
particular computers.
Remote Management
This allows you to decide whether a service (HTTPS or FTP traffic
for example) from a computer on a network (LAN or WAN for
example) can access the P-870HN-51D.
PPPoE Support
(RFC2516)
PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet) emulates a dial-up
connection. It allows your ISP to use their existing network
configuration with newer broadband technologies such as ADSL.
The PPPoE driver on your device is transparent to the computers
on the LAN, which see only Ethernet and are not aware of PPPoE
thus saving you from having to manage PPPoE clients on individual
computers.
Other PPPoE Features PPPoE idle time out
PPPoE dial on demand
Packet Filters
Your device’s packet filtering function allows added network
security and management.
VDSL Standards
Maximum data rate (downstream/upstream): 100 Mbps/100 Mbps
VDSL line coding: ITU-T G.993.2 DMT modulation
Tranceivers: ITU-T G.993.1
DSL handshake procedure protocol: ITU-T G.994.1
DSL physical layer management protocol: ITU-T G.997.1
VDSL band plan: 997 and 998
Support U0 band
VDSL profiles: 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, 12a, 12b, 17a and 30a
VDSL speed: up to 100/100 Mbps@ 700 feet
Support Annex A, Annex B
Rate adaptation
OLR: Bit Swapping/ SRA (Seamless Rate Adaption)
Upstream power back-off (UPBO)
VDSL OAM communication channels: Indicator bits (IB) channel,
VDSL embedded operations channel (EOC) and VDSL overhead
control channel (VOC)
Erasure and Broadcom PhyR PHY Level Retransmission Technology
PTM mode
Trellis coding
INP capability: At least two symbols protection (INP_MIN = 2), up
to 16 symbols (INP_MIN = 16)
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Chapter 25 Product Specifications
Table 93 Firmware Specifications (continued)
Other Protocol
Support
PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) link layer protocol
Transparent bridging for unsupported network layer protocols
RIP I/RIP II
ICMP
ATM QoS
SNMP v1 and v2c with MIB II support (RFC 1213)
IP Multicasting IGMP v1 and v2
IGMP Proxy
Management
Embedded Web Configurator
Remote Firmware Upgrade
Telnet
Embedded FTP/TFTP Server for firmware upgrade and
configuration file backup and restore
CLI (Command Line Interpreter)
SSH (Secure Shell function)
Syslog
TR-069
TR-064
The following list, which is not exhaustive, illustrates the standards supported in
the P-870HN-51D.
Table 94 Standards Supported
250
STANDARD
DESCRIPTION
RFC 1058
RIP-1 (Routing Information Protocol)
RFC 1112
Internet Group Management Protocol, Version 1 IGMP v1
RFC 1305
Network Time Protocol (NTP version 3)
RFC 1631
IP Network Address Translator (NAT)
RFC 1661
The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)
RFC 1723
RIP-2 (Routing Information Protocol)
RFC 2236
Internet Group Management Protocol, Version 2 IGMP v2
RFC 2516
A Method for Transmitting PPP Over Ethernet (PPPoE)
RFC 2766
Network Address Translation - Protocol
IEEE 802.11
Also known by the brand Wi-Fi, denotes a set of Wireless LAN/
WLAN standards developed by working group 11 of the IEEE
LAN/MAN Standards Committee (IEEE 802).
IEEE 802.11b
Uses the 2.4 gigahertz (GHz) band
IEEE 802.11g
Uses the 2.4 gigahertz (GHz) band
IEEE 802.11n
Uses the 2.4 gigahertz (GHz) band
P-870HN-51D User’s Guide
Chapter 25 Product Specifications
Table 94 Standards Supported (continued)
STANDARD
DESCRIPTION
IEEE 802.11d
Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks: Media
Access Control (MAC) Bridges
IEEE 802.11x
Port Based Network Access Control.
IEEE 802.11e QoS
IEEE 802.11 e Wireless LAN for Quality of Service
ITU-T G.993.2
(VDSL2)
ITU standard that defines VDSL2.
TR-069
DSL Forum Standard for CPE Wan Management.
TR-064
DSL Forum LAN-Side DSL CPE Configuration
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Chapter 25 Product Specifications
252
P-870HN-51D User’s Guide
APPENDIX
A
Network Troubleshooting
Overview
The three most basic utilities for troubleshooting network connection issues are:
ipconfig, ping and tracert. This appendix gives a quick overview of them as
well as some common usage examples. Moreover, three slightly more advanced
utilities are also discussed: arp, route, and netstat.
Note: All command examples here use the Microsoft Windows operating system
version of the commands.
Before Getting Started
Before using the commands described in this section, ensure that you have the
TCP/IP networking component installed and properly configured for your network
adapter.
Click Start > Control Panel > Network Connections and then open a Local
Area Connection to display the following screen.
Figure 140 TCP/IP Networking Component
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Appendix A Network Troubleshooting
Note: Most operating systems ship with TCP/IP already installed and enabled. See
your Windows documentation for details on installing or configuring TCP/IP.
The Command Line Interface
To open the Windows command line interface:
1
Click Start > Run.
2
In the Run dialog box, enter cmd then click OK.
3
The Command Prompt window opens.
Command Syntax and Parameters
Command descriptions always indicate the default syntax you must use when
entering them on the command line. Some commands require additional
parameters in order to execute properly. Some may have optional parameters.
Parameters are displayed as follows: command [parameter]
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Appendix A Network Troubleshooting
For example, the date command has the optional /t and date parameters. If
you do not use either of them and enter just date by itself, then the system
shows you the date it is currently using and then prompts you to change it.
C:\>date
The current date is: 2009/10/21
Enter the new date: (mm-dd-yy)
However, if you use the /t parameter it just displays the date and nothing more.
C:\>date /t
2009/10/21
C:\>
To view the parameters for any given command, enter help [command].
ipconfig
The ipconfig command line utility allows you to display current network (TCP/IP)
configuration settings and, in some cases, adjust them. When you have network
connectivity problems, the first thing you should do is run this command to ensure
that your device or computer does in fact have an IP address as well as display the
source of that IP address (such as a default gateway).
Syntax: ipconfig
Parameters: ipconfig [/release] [/renew]
There are other parameters, but these are the only ones you need to use for now.
The following examples show the typical output of this command:
C:\>ipconfig
Windows IP Configuration
Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection:
Connection-specific
IP Address. . . . .
Subnet Mask . . . .
Default Gateway . .
DNS
. .
. .
. .
Suffix
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
.
.
.
.
:
:
:
:
example.com
192.168.1.1
255.255.255.0
1.1.1.4
C:\>
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Appendix A Network Troubleshooting
Here you can see that the device has IP address of 1.1.1.1 and example.com is its
Domain Name Server (DNS).
If the device is disconnected then you would see the following instead:
Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection:
Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected
If the device is connected but cannot get an IP address then you would see:
Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection:
Connection-specific
IP Address. . . . .
Subnet Mask . . . .
Default Gateway . .
DNS
. .
. .
. .
Suffix
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
.
.
.
.
:
: 0.0.0.0
: 0.0.0.0
:
In some cases, your computer may be properly connected to the network or the P870HN-51D but it is not receiving an IP address for whatever reason. Use the /
release parameter followed by /renew:
C:\>ipconfig /release
Windows IP Configuration
Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection:
Connection-specific
IP Address. . . . .
Subnet Mask . . . .
Default Gateway . .
DNS
. .
. .
. .
Suffix
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
.
.
.
.
:
: 0.0.0.0
: 0.0.0.0
:
.
.
.
.
:
:
:
:
C:\>ipconfig /renew
Windows IP Configuration
Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection:
Connection-specific
IP Address. . . . .
Subnet Mask . . . .
Default Gateway . .
DNS
. .
. .
. .
Suffix
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
zyxel.com
192.168.1.2
255.255.255.0
2.2.2.4
C:\>
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Appendix A Network Troubleshooting
ping
The ping command line utility allows you to verify the connection and latency
between your computer and either the P-870HN-51D or other devices on the
network. If you cannot reach a target using this command, then it may indicate
possible network trouble.
Syntax: ping target
The target can be an IP address or a host name.
Parameters: ping [-w timeout] target
The timeout parameter allows you to input the number of seconds (in
milliseconds) that your computer waits for a reply.
The following examples show the typical output of this command:
C:\>ping www.zyxel.com
Pinging a1524.g.akamai.net [203.69.113.18] with 32 bytes of data:
Reply
Reply
Reply
Reply
from
from
from
from
203.69.113.18:
203.69.113.18:
203.69.113.18:
203.69.113.18:
bytes=32
bytes=32
bytes=32
bytes=32
time=6ms
time=6ms
time=6ms
time=7ms
TTL=56
TTL=56
TTL=56
TTL=48
Ping statistics for 203.69.113.18:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 6ms, Maximum = 7ms, Average = 6ms
>
The number of bytes here indicates packet size. As most data is broken up into
smaller packets, this makes the ping test fairly representative of a typical network
connection. The default packet size on Windows is 32 bytes.
Time is the number of milliseconds the data requires to make the roundtrip
journey from your computer to the destination host and back again. The lower the
number, the faster the connection between the two points.
Note: Some hosts are deliberately configured to not respond to ping requests. As
such, we suggest pinging two or three hosts when performing your ping test.
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Appendix A Network Troubleshooting
If your ping test fails to get a response, then you may see a message like this:
C:\>ping www.example.com
Pinging www.example.com [192.0.32.10] with 32 bytes of data:
Request
Request
Request
Request
timed
timed
timed
timed
out.
out.
out.
out.
Ping statistics for 192.0.32.10:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 0, Lost = 4 (100% loss),
C:\>
When a request times out it may mean:
• your computer is not connected to the network
• your Internet access device is not connected to the network
• or the device which you are pinging is not connected to the network
If you think the destination is active but responding slowly, you can try increasing
the ping timeout value from its default of 4 seconds (4000 milliseconds) to
something like 8 seconds (or 8000 milliseconds).
C:\>ping -w 8000 www.example.com
Pinging www.example.com [192.0.32.10] with 32 bytes of data:
Reply
Reply
Reply
Reply
from
from
from
from
192.0.32.10:
192.0.32.10:
192.0.32.10:
192.0.32.10:
bytes=32
bytes=32
bytes=32
bytes=32
time=157ms
time=154ms
time=152ms
time=162ms
TTL=238
TTL=238
TTL=236
TTL=236
Ping statistics for 192.0.32.10:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 152ms, Maximum = 162ms, Average = 156ms
C:\>
A long ping response could indicate network problems:
• on your side of the connection
• between the start and end points of the connection
• on the receiving end
To determine where the slowdown is, you may need to use traceroute.
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Appendix A Network Troubleshooting
tracert
The tracert command line utility allows you to determine the network path
between your computer and a host you specify. When you communicate with
other devices on a network, the data is not often sent directly from point A to
point B; rather, it moves through a series of intermediate servers, passed along
until eventually the server closest to point B hands it off directly. This command
can be useful for helping determine whether your connection issues are happening
locally, somewhere in transit, or at the destination end.
• Each step in the chain of connections is called a ‘hop’.
• The time it takes for a server at any given hop to pass the data packet is called
‘latency’ and is measured in milliseconds.
When a tracert command is run, it sends out a burst of three data packets per
hop. The results table, therefore, always displays three values for latency in
addition to the IP address and domain name (where available) of the server on
that leg of the journey.
Syntax: tracert target
The target can be an IP address or a host name.
Parameters: tracert [-d] [-h maximumhops ] target
There are other parameters but these are the only ones you need to use for now.
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Appendix A Network Troubleshooting
The following examples show the typical output of this command:
C:\>tracert www.example.com
Tracing route to www.example.com [192.0.32.10]
over a maximum of 30 hops:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
<1
5
4
5
6
5
10
9
6
138
138
128
140
154
154
562
554
254
154
ms
ms
ms
ms
ms
ms
ms
ms
ms
ms
ms
ms
ms
ms
ms
ms
ms
ms
ms
<1
4
4
4
5
4
7
7
6
137
138
139
139
153
154
553
554
254
253
ms
ms
ms
ms
ms
ms
ms
ms
ms
ms
ms
ms
ms
ms
ms
ms
ms
ms
ms
<1
5
4
6
4
4
10
8
9
138
138
140
136
137
137
553
553
248
154
ms
ms
ms
ms
ms
ms
ms
ms
ms
ms
ms
ms
ms
ms
ms
ms
ms
ms
ms
172.23.x.x
172.23.x.x
172.23.x.x
219-87-158-97.static.tfn.tw [219.87.158.97]
10.42.232.150
hc-c12r2.router.tw [220.128.7.86]
tp-s2-c12r12.router.tw [220.128.2.90]
pr03-s2.tp.tw [220.128.4.181]
220-128-3-249.NET-IP.tw [220.128.3.249]
r11-pa.NET-IP.net [211.72.108.129]
po4-0.core01.sjc04.atlas.com [154.54.11.129]
te9-2.mpd01.sjc04.atlas.com [154.54.0.173]
61.58.33.173
xe-0-0-0.r20.gin.ntt.net [129.250.16.161]
as-2.r21.tokyjp01.jp.ntt.net [129.250.4.81]
38.106.6.34
po-2.r00.lsanca19.us.ntt.net [129.250.6.42]
204.1.254.150
192.0.32.10
Trace complete.
C:\>
Here, the tracert to www.example.com took 18 hops to reach its destination.
Looking at the latency data, you’ll see the first slow down happens at hop 10.
The extremely low latency on the first few hops indicates a network local to the
computer where the tracert command originated, such as a home or office LAN.
The packets then move onto the local WAN (such as your Internet Service
Provider’s network). Because of the close proximity of those servers to your
computer, the latency remains low.
Once the data packets move out of the regional network to the first international
server (at hop 10 in this example), the latency increases. This is because of the
distance between the regional and international servers - it physically takes longer
for the response to get back to your computer.
Finally, on transition hop 15 from the server in Japan to the server in California,
another latency spike occurs. If you were having connection problems, this would
most likely be the source of it. For whatever reason, the server in Japan has a less
than optimal connection with its counterpart in the United States.
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In this example, we abridge the tracert results table to show only server IP
addresses and not domain names by using the -d parameter. We also use the -h
parameter to limit the number of hops to 5 to test local connections only.
C:\>tracert -d -h 5 www.zyxel.com
Tracing route to a1524.g.akamai.net [203.69.113.16]
over a maximum of 5 hops:
1
2
3
4
5
<1
5
5
17
24
ms
ms
ms
ms
ms
<1
4
5
16
25
ms
ms
ms
ms
ms
<1
4
6
14
24
ms
ms
ms
ms
ms
172.23.31.254
172.23.6.113
172.23.6.253
218.160.188.254
10.42.232.150
Trace complete.
C:\>
arp
Local network transmission is based on MAC addresses. Data transmission
between two networks is based on IP addresses.
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a protocol that converts IP addresses into
MAC addresses. Before a computer transmits data to an IP address on the same
network, it will check whether the IP address exists in its ARP table. If it does, the
computer then sends the data directly to the mapped MAC address. If it does not,
the computer broadcasts an ARP request to the network. The host whose MAC
address maps to the IP address responds.
When you use ping to check the connection to a computer, no response does not
mean the computer is not alive on the network. The destination computer may be
configured not to respond to any ping requests. However, you can use the arp -a
command line utility to check the IP addresses and MAC addresses of your
neighboring computers or devices.
Syntax: arp -a
Parameters: arp [-d inet_addr] [-s inet_addr eth_addr]
The -d parameter can be use alone to remove all entries from an arp table or in
conjunction with an IP address to remove just that IP address (inet_addr). The s parameter allows you to add entries based on IP address (inet_addr) and/or
MAC address (eth_addr).
There are other parameters but these are the only ones you need to use for now.
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Appendix A Network Troubleshooting
To check the ARP table on a Windows XP computer:
1
Click Start > Programs > Accessories > Command Prompt. The Command
Prompt screen appears.
2
Type arp -a and press [Enter].
The following examples show the typical output of this command:
C:\>arp -a
Interface: 172.16.1.28 on Interface 0x1000003
Internet Address
Physical Address
172.16.1.5
00-00-aa-19-07-38
172.16.1.25
00-18-f3-f0-aa-34
172.16.1.44
00-0e-a6-2c-60-10
172.16.1.210
00-19-cb-e9-66-33
172.16.1.254
00-04-80-4c-a8-05
Type
dynamic
dynamic
dynamic
dynamic
dynamic
In this example, the Physical Address indicates the associated MAC address. A
Type entry with dynamic means it was dynamically learned through an ARP
response. Use the arp -s [inet_addr eth_addr] to manually add an ARP entry
if you want your computer to connect to the host with the specified MAC address
when you access the specified IP address.
You can additionally check whether the MAC address associated with the IP
address that you are looking for is correct. In some circumstances, your ARP table
may keep a wrong MAC address until the entry expires. You can then manually
update the ARP table.
To update the ARP table:
1
Type arp -d [inet_addr] or just use arp -d to remove all entries in the ARP
table. For example, type arp -d 172.16.1.5.
2
Type ping 172.16.1.5 and press [Enter].
3
Next, use the arp -a command again to check whether the MAC address matches
what you expected. If it does not, another computer may be using a duplicate IP
address on the network. Change the IP address on either computer to an unused
one to fix this problem.
route
The route command line utility allows you to display or adjust your computer’s
network table. The routing table on your computer contains the default gateway
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and other route information. When your computer wants to access an IP address
on another network, it references this table.
Syntax: route print
Parameters: For the purposes of this section, the print parameter is the most
important. If you enter route by itself, the command’s help page displays.
The following example shows the typical output of this command:
C:\>route print
===========================================================================
Interface List
0x1 ........................... MS TCP Loopback interface
0x1000003 ...00 02 e3 a1 b2 c3 ...... Broadcom NetXtreme Gigabit Ethernet
Driver
===========================================================================
===========================================================================
Active Routes:
Network Destination
Netmask
Gateway
Interface Metric
0.0.0.0
0.0.0.0
172.16.1.254
172.16.1.32
1
127.0.0.0
255.0.0.0
127.0.0.1
127.0.0.1
1
172.16.1.0
255.255.255.0
172.16.1.32
172.16.1.32
1
172.16.1.32 255.255.255.255
127.0.0.1
127.0.0.1
1
172.16.255.255 255.255.255.255
172.16.1.32
172.16.1.32
1
224.0.0.0
224.0.0.0
172.16.1.32
172.16.1.32
1
255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255
172.16.1.32
172.16.1.32
1
Default Gateway:
172.16.1.254
===========================================================================
Persistent Routes:
None
The following table describes labels shown in the command output:
Table 95 route print Command Output
OUTPUT
DESCRIPTION
Active Routes
This section lists all available routes that are automatically
learned from the network.
Network Destination
The destination IP address of packets that this route entry is to
route. The destination can be an IP address for a network or host,
0.0.0.0 for the default route or 127.0.0.0 for the loopback
interface which is used mainly for self-test.
The destination 224.0.0.0 is for multicasting packets or reserved
for testing. But if you are not using multicast applications, just
ignore it.
The destination 255.255.255.255 is used to find computers when
an IP address is not known. For example, before the DHCP IP
address of your computer is determined, your computer sends
packets with the destination looking for DHCP servers on the
network.
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Table 95 route print Command Output
OUTPUT
DESCRIPTION
Netmask
The destination subnet mask of packets that this route entry is to
route. The subnet mask can be the apropriate subnet mask for a
network, 255.255.255.255 for a host, or 0.0.0.0 for the default
route.
Gateway
The IP address of the gateway through which this computer
should send the matched packets.
Interface
The IP address of an physical interface on this computer used to
send the matched packets for this route entry.
Metric
The metric (hop count) of this route. Normally, the lower the
number, the faster to a destination.
Default Gateway
The IP address of the gateway through which this computer sends
all the rest packets if this computer cannot find any other
matched routes for the packets.
Persistent Routes
This section lists all routes that are manually configured.
In this example, the 172.16.1.0 is the network address. The 172.16.1.32 is the
address of the local computer. 172.16.1.255 is the network broadcast address
which sends broadcast packets to all computers on the 172.16.1.x network.
172.16.1.254 is the default gateway.
You may have more than one 0.0.0.0 entry if your computer has two or more
network cards installed. This may casue packets to be routed somewhere
unexpected. Delete all 0.0.0.0 entries except the one that you want to use for the
default gateway. In the following example, the computer uses the first 0.0.0.0
entry for the default gateway.
Network Destination
0.0.0.0
0.0.0.0
Netmask
0.0.0.0
0.0.0.0
Gateway
192.168.1.254
172.16.1.254
Interface
192.168.1.33
172.16.1.32
Metric
1
1
• To delete the route to the default route with the gateway of 192.168.1.254,
type: route delete 0.0.0.0 mask 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.254.
• To add a route to the destination 172.16.2.0 with the subnet mask of
255.255.255.0, the next hop address of 172.16.1.250, and the cost metric of 7,
type: route add 172.16.2.0 mask 255.255.255.0 172.16.1.250 metric 7.
• To add a persistent route to the destination 172.16.3.0 with the subnet mask of
255.255.255.0 and the next hop address of 172.16.1.252, type: route -p add
172.16.3.0 mask 255.255.255.0 172.16.1.252.
Note that the metric will be set to 1 if you do not specify any.
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netstat
The netstat command line utility is used to show Ethernet statistics and current
TCP/IP network connections.
Syntax: netstat
With no parameters, this command simply displays only active statistics for ports
that are currently in use by one process or another.
Parameter: netstat [-a] [-e]
The -a parameter displays all available listening ports and connections whether
they are active or not, while the -e parameter displays Ethernet statistics.
There are other parameters but these are the only ones you need to use for now.
The following examples show the typical output of this command:
C:\>netstat
Active Connections
Proto
TCP
TCP
TCP
TCP
TCP
TCP
TCP
TCP
TCP
TCP
TCP
TCP
TCP
TCP
TCP
Local Address
COMPUTERA:1056
COMPUTERA:1091
COMPUTERA:1120
COMPUTERA:3243
COMPUTERA:3244
COMPUTERA:3246
COMPUTERA:3247
COMPUTERA:5091
COMPUTERA:5152
COMPUTERA:27015
COMPUTERA:40000
COMPUTERA:3229
COMPUTERA:3234
COMPUTERA:3237
COMPUTERA:3240
Foreign Address
localhost:5091
localhost:27015
localhost:40000
localhost:3244
localhost:3243
localhost:3247
localhost:3246
localhost:1056
localhost:3245
localhost:1091
localhost:1120
172.20.0.201:http
172.16.1.29:1155
172.16.1.29:1155
172.16.1.29:1155
State
ESTABLISHED
ESTABLISHED
ESTABLISHED
ESTABLISHED
ESTABLISHED
ESTABLISHED
ESTABLISHED
ESTABLISHED
CLOSE_WAIT
ESTABLISHED
ESTABLISHED
CLOSE_WAIT
ESTABLISHED
ESTABLISHED
ESTABLISHED
C:\>
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Use the -a parameter to display all possible connections to your device, not just
the ones that are currently in use:
C:\>netstat -a
Active Connections
Proto
TCP
TCP
TCP
TCP
TCP
TCP
TCP
TCP
TCP
TCP
TCP
TCP
TCP
TCP
TCP
TCP
TCP
TCP
Local Address
COMPUTERA:http
COMPUTERA:http
COMPUTERA:2744
COMPUTERA:5152
COMPUTERA:5152
COMPUTERA:5354
COMPUTERA:27015
COMPUTERA:40000
COMPUTERA:40000
COMPUTERA:netbios-ssn
COMPUTERA:4177
COMPUTERA:4178
COMPUTERA:4180
COMPUTERA:4182
COMPUTERA:4317
COMPUTERA:4539
COMPUTERA:netbios-ssn
COMPUTERA:netbios-ssn
Foreign Address
COMPUTERA:0
172.16.x.x:4036
NAS:microsoft-ds
172.16.x.x.ZyXEL.com:0
localhost:4067
172.16.x.x.ZyXEL.com:0
172.16.x.x.ZyXEL.com:0
localhost:0
localhost:1120
172.16.x.x.ZyXEL.com:0
172.16.x.x:1155
172.16.x.x:1155
172.16.x.x:1155
172.16.x.x:1025
NAS:microsoft-ds
NAS:microsoft-ds
172.16.x.x:0
172.16.x.x:0
State
LISTENING
ESTABLISHED
ESTABLISHED
LISTENING
CLOSE_WAIT
LISTENING
LISTENING
LISTENING
ESTABLISHED
LISTENING
ESTABLISHED
ESTABLISHED
ESTABLISHED
ESTABLISHED
ESTABLISHED
TIME_WAIT
LISTENING
LISTENING
C:\>
The following table describes the three entries in the output example above:
Table 96 netstat -a Command Output
266
OUTPUT
DESCRIPTION
TCP
COMPUTERA:http
COMPUTERA:0
LISTENING
A web server is available on COMPUTERA as an HTTP
service is in a LISTENING state.
TCP
COMPUTERA:http
172.16.1.29:4036
ESTABLISHED
A computer with an IP address of 172.16.1.29 is accessing
the web service on the COMPUTERA.
TCP
COMPUTERA:2744
NAS:microsoft-ds
ESTABLISHED
COMPUTERA has established a TCP/IP NETBIOS
connection (microsoft-ds) with a NAS device.
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Additionally, you can use netstat -e to display Ethernet statistics as the following
example.
C:\ >netstat -e
Interface Statistics
Bytes
Unicast packets
Non-unicast packets
Discards
Errors
Unknown protocols
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Received
Sent
25250033
38838
38227
0
0
787
7060325
34744
175
0
35
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APPENDIX
B
Setting Up Your Computer’s IP
Address
Note: Your specific P-870HN-51D may not support all of the operating systems
described in this appendix. See the product specifications for more information
about which operating systems are supported.
This appendix shows you how to configure the IP settings on your computer in
order for it to be able to communicate with the other devices on your network.
Windows Vista/XP/2000, Mac OS 9/OS X, and all versions of UNIX/LINUX include
the software components you need to use TCP/IP on your computer.
If you manually assign IP information instead of using a dynamic IP, make sure
that your network’s computers have IP addresses that place them in the same
subnet.
In this appendix, you can set up an IP address for:
• Windows XP/NT/2000 on page 269
• Windows Vista on page 273
• Windows 7 on page 277
• Mac OS X: 10.3 and 10.4 on page 281
• Mac OS X: 10.5 and 10.6 on page 285
• Linux: Ubuntu 8 (GNOME) on page 288
• Linux: openSUSE 10.3 (KDE) on page 293
Windows XP/NT/2000
The following example uses the default Windows XP display theme but can also
apply to Windows 2000 and Windows NT.
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1
Click Start > Control Panel.
Figure 141 Windows XP: Start Menu
2
In the Control Panel, click the Network Connections icon.
Figure 142 Windows XP: Control Panel
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3
Right-click Local Area Connection and then select Properties.
Figure 143 Windows XP: Control Panel > Network Connections > Properties
4
On the General tab, select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and then click
Properties.
Figure 144 Windows XP: Local Area Connection Properties
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5
The Internet Protocol TCP/IP Properties window opens.
Figure 145 Windows XP: Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties
6
Select Obtain an IP address automatically if your network administrator or ISP
assigns your IP address dynamically.
Select Use the following IP Address and fill in the IP address, Subnet mask,
and Default gateway fields if you have a static IP address that was assigned to
you by your network administrator or ISP. You may also have to enter a Preferred
DNS server and an Alternate DNS server, if that information was provided.
7
Click OK to close the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window.
8
Click OK to close the Local Area Connection Properties window.
Verifying Settings
1
272
Click Start > All Programs > Accessories > Command Prompt.
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2
In the Command Prompt window, type "ipconfig" and then press [ENTER].
You can also go to Start > Control Panel > Network Connections, right-click a
network connection, click Status and then click the Support tab to view your IP
address and connection information.
Windows Vista
This section shows screens from Windows Vista Professional.
1
Click Start > Control Panel.
Figure 146 Windows Vista: Start Menu
2
In the Control Panel, click the Network and Internet icon.
Figure 147 Windows Vista: Control Panel
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3
Click the Network and Sharing Center icon.
Figure 148 Windows Vista: Network And Internet
4
Click Manage network connections.
Figure 149 Windows Vista: Network and Sharing Center
5
Right-click Local Area Connection and then select Properties.
Figure 150 Windows Vista: Network and Sharing Center
Note: During this procedure, click Continue whenever Windows displays a screen
saying that it needs your permission to continue.
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6
Select Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) and then select Properties.
Figure 151 Windows Vista: Local Area Connection Properties
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7
The Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties window opens.
Figure 152 Windows Vista: Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties
8
Select Obtain an IP address automatically if your network administrator or ISP
assigns your IP address dynamically.
Select Use the following IP Address and fill in the IP address, Subnet mask,
and Default gateway fields if you have a static IP address that was assigned to
you by your network administrator or ISP. You may also have to enter a Preferred
DNS server and an Alternate DNS server, if that information was
provided.Click Advanced.
9
Click OK to close the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window.
10 Click OK to close the Local Area Connection Properties window.
Verifying Settings
1
276
Click Start > All Programs > Accessories > Command Prompt.
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2
In the Command Prompt window, type "ipconfig" and then press [ENTER].
You can also go to Start > Control Panel > Network Connections, right-click a
network connection, click Status and then click the Support tab to view your IP
address and connection information.
Windows 7
This section shows screens from Windows 7 Enterprise.
1
Click Start > Control Panel.
Figure 153 Windows 7: Start Menu
2
In the Control Panel, click View network status and tasks under the
Network and Internet category.
Figure 154 Windows 7: Control Panel
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3
Click Change adapter settings.
Figure 155 Windows 7: Network And Sharing Center
4
Double click Local Area Connection and then select Properties.
Figure 156 Windows 7: Local Area Connection Status
Note: During this procedure, click Continue whenever Windows displays a screen
saying that it needs your permission to continue.
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5
Select Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) and then select Properties.
Figure 157 Windows 7: Local Area Connection Properties
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6
The Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties window opens.
Figure 158 Windows 7: Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties
7
Select Obtain an IP address automatically if your network administrator or ISP
assigns your IP address dynamically.
Select Use the following IP Address and fill in the IP address, Subnet mask,
and Default gateway fields if you have a static IP address that was assigned to
you by your network administrator or ISP. You may also have to enter a Preferred
DNS server and an Alternate DNS server, if that information was provided.
Click Advanced if you want to configure advanced settings for IP, DNS and WINS.
8
Click OK to close the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window.
9
Click OK to close the Local Area Connection Properties window.
Verifying Settings
280
1
Click Start > All Programs > Accessories > Command Prompt.
2
In the Command Prompt window, type "ipconfig" and then press [ENTER].
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3
The IP settings are displayed as follows.
Figure 159 Windows 7: Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties
Mac OS X: 10.3 and 10.4
The screens in this section are from Mac OS X 10.4 but can also apply to 10.3.
1
Click Apple > System Preferences.
Figure 160 Mac OS X 10.4: Apple Menu
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2
In the System Preferences window, click the Network icon.
Figure 161 Mac OS X 10.4: System Preferences
3
When the Network preferences pane opens, select Built-in Ethernet from the
network connection type list, and then click Configure.
Figure 162 Mac OS X 10.4: Network Preferences
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4
For dynamically assigned settings, select Using DHCP from the Configure IPv4
list in the TCP/IP tab.
Figure 163 Mac OS X 10.4: Network Preferences > TCP/IP Tab.
5
For statically assigned settings, do the following:
• From the Configure IPv4 list, select Manually.
• In the IP Address field, type your IP address.
• In the Subnet Mask field, type your subnet mask.
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• In the Router field, type the IP address of your device.
Figure 164 Mac OS X 10.4: Network Preferences > Ethernet
6
Click Apply Now and close the window.
Verifying Settings
Check your TCP/IP properties by clicking Applications > Utilities > Network
Utilities, and then selecting the appropriate Network Interface from the Info
tab.
Figure 165 Mac OS X 10.4: Network Utility
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Mac OS X: 10.5 and 10.6
The screens in this section are from Mac OS X 10.5 but can also apply to 10.6.
1
Click Apple > System Preferences.
Figure 166 Mac OS X 10.5: Apple Menu
2
In System Preferences, click the Network icon.
Figure 167 Mac OS X 10.5: Systems Preferences
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3
When the Network preferences pane opens, select Ethernet from the list of
available connection types.
Figure 168 Mac OS X 10.5: Network Preferences > Ethernet
4
From the Configure list, select Using DHCP for dynamically assigned settings.
5
For statically assigned settings, do the following:
• From the Configure list, select Manually.
• In the IP Address field, enter your IP address.
• In the Subnet Mask field, enter your subnet mask.
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• In the Router field, enter the IP address of your P-870HN-51D.
Figure 169 Mac OS X 10.5: Network Preferences > Ethernet
6
Click Apply and close the window.
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Verifying Settings
Check your TCP/IP properties by clicking Applications > Utilities > Network
Utilities, and then selecting the appropriate Network interface from the Info
tab.
Figure 170 Mac OS X 10.5: Network Utility
Linux: Ubuntu 8 (GNOME)
This section shows you how to configure your computer’s TCP/IP settings in the
GNU Object Model Environment (GNOME) using the Ubuntu 8 Linux distribution.
The procedure, screens and file locations may vary depending on your specific
distribution, release version, and individual configuration. The following screens
use the default Ubuntu 8 installation.
Note: Make sure you are logged in as the root administrator.
Follow the steps below to configure your computer IP address in GNOME:
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1
Click System > Administration > Network.
Figure 171 Ubuntu 8: System > Administration Menu
2
When the Network Settings window opens, click Unlock to open the
Authenticate window. (By default, the Unlock button is greyed out until clicked.)
You cannot make changes to your configuration unless you first enter your admin
password.
Figure 172 Ubuntu 8: Network Settings > Connections
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3
In the Authenticate window, enter your admin account name and password then
click the Authenticate button.
Figure 173 Ubuntu 8: Administrator Account Authentication
4
In the Network Settings window, select the connection that you want to
configure, then click Properties.
Figure 174 Ubuntu 8: Network Settings > Connections
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5
The Properties dialog box opens.
Figure 175 Ubuntu 8: Network Settings > Properties
• In the Configuration list, select Automatic Configuration (DHCP) if you
have a dynamic IP address.
• In the Configuration list, select Static IP address if you have a static IP
address. Fill in the IP address, Subnet mask, and Gateway address fields.
6
Click OK to save the changes and close the Properties dialog box and return to
the Network Settings screen.
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7
If you know your DNS server IP address(es), click the DNS tab in the Network
Settings window and then enter the DNS server information in the fields
provided.
Figure 176 Ubuntu 8: Network Settings > DNS
8
Click the Close button to apply the changes.
Verifying Settings
Check your TCP/IP properties by clicking System > Administration > Network
Tools, and then selecting the appropriate Network device from the Devices
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tab. The Interface Statistics column shows data if your connection is working
properly.
Figure 177 Ubuntu 8: Network Tools
Linux: openSUSE 10.3 (KDE)
This section shows you how to configure your computer’s TCP/IP settings in the K
Desktop Environment (KDE) using the openSUSE 10.3 Linux distribution. The
procedure, screens and file locations may vary depending on your specific
distribution, release version, and individual configuration. The following screens
use the default openSUSE 10.3 installation.
Note: Make sure you are logged in as the root administrator.
Follow the steps below to configure your computer IP address in the KDE:
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1
Click K Menu > Computer > Administrator Settings (YaST).
Figure 178 openSUSE 10.3: K Menu > Computer Menu
2
When the Run as Root - KDE su dialog opens, enter the admin password and
click OK.
Figure 179 openSUSE 10.3: K Menu > Computer Menu
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3
When the YaST Control Center window opens, select Network Devices and
then click the Network Card icon.
Figure 180 openSUSE 10.3: YaST Control Center
4
When the Network Settings window opens, click the Overview tab, select the
appropriate connection Name from the list, and then click the Configure button.
Figure 181 openSUSE 10.3: Network Settings
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5
When the Network Card Setup window opens, click the Address tab
Figure 182 openSUSE 10.3: Network Card Setup
6
Select Dynamic Address (DHCP) if you have a dynamic IP address.
Select Statically assigned IP Address if you have a static IP address. Fill in the
IP address, Subnet mask, and Hostname fields.
7
296
Click Next to save the changes and close the Network Card Setup window.
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8
If you know your DNS server IP address(es), click the Hostname/DNS tab in
Network Settings and then enter the DNS server information in the fields
provided.
Figure 183 openSUSE 10.3: Network Settings
9
Click Finish to save your settings and close the window.
Verifying Settings
Click the KNetwork Manager icon on the Task bar to check your TCP/IP
properties. From the Options sub-menu, select Show Connection Information.
Figure 184 openSUSE 10.3: KNetwork Manager
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When the Connection Status - KNetwork Manager window opens, click the
Statistics tab to see if your connection is working properly.
Figure 185 openSUSE: Connection Status - KNetwork Manager
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APPENDIX
C
Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts
and Java Permissions
In order to use the web configurator you need to allow:
• Web browser pop-up windows from your device.
• JavaScripts (enabled by default).
• Java permissions (enabled by default).
Note: Internet Explorer 6 screens are used here. Screens for other Internet Explorer
versions may vary.
Internet Explorer Pop-up Blockers
You may have to disable pop-up blocking to log into your device.
Either disable pop-up blocking (enabled by default in Windows XP SP (Service
Pack) 2) or allow pop-up blocking and create an exception for your device’s IP
address.
Disable Pop-up Blockers
1
In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Pop-up Blocker and then select Turn Off
Pop-up Blocker.
Figure 186 Pop-up Blocker
You can also check if pop-up blocking is disabled in the Pop-up Blocker section in
the Privacy tab.
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1
In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Internet Options, Privacy.
2
Clear the Block pop-ups check box in the Pop-up Blocker section of the screen.
This disables any web pop-up blockers you may have enabled.
Figure 187 Internet Options: Privacy
3
Click Apply to save this setting.
Enable Pop-up Blockers with Exceptions
Alternatively, if you only want to allow pop-up windows from your device, see the
following steps.
1
300
In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Internet Options and then the Privacy tab.
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2
Select Settings…to open the Pop-up Blocker Settings screen.
Figure 188 Internet Options: Privacy
3
Type the IP address of your device (the web page that you do not want to have
blocked) with the prefix “http://”. For example, http://192.168.1.1.
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4
Click Add to move the IP address to the list of Allowed sites.
Figure 189 Pop-up Blocker Settings
5
Click Close to return to the Privacy screen.
6
Click Apply to save this setting.
JavaScripts
If pages of the web configurator do not display properly in Internet Explorer, check
that JavaScripts are allowed.
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Appendix C Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions
1
In Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Security tab.
Figure 190 Internet Options: Security
2
Click the Custom Level... button.
3
Scroll down to Scripting.
4
Under Active scripting make sure that Enable is selected (the default).
5
Under Scripting of Java applets make sure that Enable is selected (the
default).
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Appendix C Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions
6
Click OK to close the window.
Figure 191 Security Settings - Java Scripting
Java Permissions
304
1
From Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Security
tab.
2
Click the Custom Level... button.
3
Scroll down to Microsoft VM.
4
Under Java permissions make sure that a safety level is selected.
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Appendix C Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions
5
Click OK to close the window.
Figure 192 Security Settings - Java
JAVA (Sun)
1
From Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Advanced
tab.
2
Make sure that Use Java 2 for Source Exif Data:
File Type : PDF File Type Extension : pdf MIME Type : application/pdf PDF Version : 1.4 Linearized : Yes Encryption : Standard V2.3 (128-bit) User Access : Print, Annotate, Fill forms, Extract, Print high-res Modify Date : 2010:10:06 10:09:09+08:00 Create Date : 2010:07:29 16:56:45Z Page Count : 364 Creation Date : 2010:07:29 16:56:45Z Mod Date : 2010:10:06 10:09:09+08:00 Producer : Acrobat Distiller 5.0.5 (Windows) Author : Metadata Date : 2010:10:06 10:09:09+08:00 Creator : Title : Page Mode : UseOutlines Has XFA : No Page Layout : OneColumnEXIF Metadata provided by EXIF.tools