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BELARUS MTZ Tractor Manuals PDF free download
BELARUS
1822.3/1822.3 2022.3/2022.3
2022.3-0000010 OM
OPERATOR'S MANUAL
2012
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The operator's manual was composed by an engineer of the first Department of Constructive and Experimental Work, A.V. Runov, with participation of key specialists of DCEW-1 of RUE "Minsk Tractor Works"
Publication responsible person Y.M. Korotky, head of engineering office of design documentation of the DCEW-1.
Executive editor A.G. Stasilevich, design manager of tractor production of PA "MTW".
Editor-in-chief I.N. Uss, PA "MTW" chief designer.
Operator's manual contains brief description and specifications of tractors Belarus1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3 produced by Minsk Tractor Works. The main tractors operating rules are set forth, the information about their adjustments and maintenance is provided.
Operator's manual is meant for tractor study, operation rules and servicing of tractors Belarus-1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3.
In view of P/A "MTW" policy directed to constant upgrading of produced goods, the construction of some units and parts of Belarus tractor may undergo changes which are not reflected in present edition. The detailed information may be obtained from "BELARUS" dealer.
© RUE "Minsk Tractor Works", 2012 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without writ-
ten permission of RUE "MTW".
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CONTENTS 1 TRACTOR DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION ..............................................................13
1.1 Tractor assignment .......................................................................................................... 13 1.2 Technical specifications................................................................................................... 15 1.3 Tractor composition ......................................................................................................... 18 1.4 Vibration level at operator's working place of tractor "BELARUS1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3"......................................................................................... 20 1.5 Noise level at operator's working place of tractor BELARUS1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3 .......................................................................................... 21 1.6 Tractor marking ................................................................................................................ 21 1.7 Packing ............................................................................................................................. 21 2 CONTROLS AND INSTRUMENTS ................................................................................22 2.1 Layout of controls and instruments of the tractor.......................................................... 22 2.2 Switches of instrument board.......................................................................................... 23 2.3 Upper shield unit of button switches .............................................................................. 26 2.4 Conditioner control........................................................................................................... 26 2.4.1 Conditioner control in conditioning mode ................................................................... 26 2.4.2 Conditioner control in heating mode ........................................................................... 27 2.4.3 Cab ventilation .............................................................................................................. 28 2.5 Instrument board .............................................................................................................. 28 2.6 Pilot lamps unit ................................................................................................................. 30 2.7 Integrated indicator and integrated indicator control panel.......................................... 31 2.7.1 General information ...................................................................................................... 31 2.7.2 Assignment and operation principle of integrated indicator gauges......................... 32 2.7.3 Pilot lamps of the integrated indicator......................................................................... 35 2.7.4 Description of testing the integrated indicator performance ..................................... 35 2.8 Steering............................................................................................................................. 35 2.8.1 General information ...................................................................................................... 35 2.8.2 Switching of reverse box valve on tractors "BELARUS-1822.3/2022.3" ............ 36 2.8.3 Steering wheel adjustments......................................................................................... 36 2.9 Parking brake control....................................................................................................... 37 2.10 Handle to kill the engine................................................................................................ 37 2.11 Handle for fuel feed manual control ............................................................................. 37 2.12 Tractor pedals ................................................................................................................ 38 2.13 Switching of ranges, gears and passes of the gearbox reduction unit.................................... 38 2.13.1 General information .................................................................................................... 38 2.13.2 Tractor velocity diagram............................................................................................. 39 2.14 Control panel for rear axle DL, FDA and FPTO drives. Rear power takeoff control............. 41 2.14.1 General information .................................................................................................... 41 2.14.2 Indication of the engaged pass of the reduction unit............................................... 41 2.14.3 Front power take-off shaft control.............................................................................. 42 2.14.4 FDA drive control ........................................................................................................ 42 2.14.5 Rear axle differential lock control .............................................................................. 43 2.14.6 Annunciation of emergency oil temperature in the hydraulic lift linkage ............... 44 2.14.7 Rear PTO control........................................................................................................ 44 2.15 Lift linkage controls ........................................................................................................ 45 2.15.1 General information on rules of rear lift linkage control .......................................... 45 2.15.2 RLL control panel........................................................................................................ 45 2.15.3 Remote buttons of RLL control system .................................................................... 48 2.15.4 Troubleshooting of RLL electronic control system .................................................. 48 2.15.5 Front lift linkage control .............................................................................................. 49 2.16 Controlling sections of the HLL valve group (remote cylinders).................................... 50 2.16.1 HLL pump control ......................................................................................................... 50
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2.17 Cutout fuses ................................................................................................................... 51 2.17.1 General information .................................................................................................... 51 2.17.2 Fuses for electrical equipment system ..................................................................... 52 2.17.3 Fuses of electronic control systems.......................................................................... 55 2.18 Cab locks and handles .................................................................................................. 56 2.18.1 Cab door locks ............................................................................................................ 56 2.18.2 Side glass opening ..................................................................................................... 56 2.18.3 Rear screen opening .................................................................................................. 56 2.18.4 Cab hatch opening ..................................................................................................... 57 2.19 Seat and its adjustments............................................................................................... 58 2.19.1 General information .................................................................................................... 58 2.19.2 Belarus seat adjustments........................................................................................... 58 2.19.3 BELARUS seat installation for operation on reverse .............................................. 59 2.19.4 "Grammer" seat adjustments..................................................................................... 60 2.20 Controlling drive of transmission hydraulic system pump .......................................... 61 2.21 Controlling pneumatic system compressor ................................................................. 61 2.22 Connector elements of the electrical equipment......................................................... 62 2.22.1 Socket to connect coupled agricultural equipment......................................................... 62 2.22.2 Connection of additional electrical equipment of coupled machines .............................. 62 2.23 Reverse post controls of BELARUS-1822.3/2022.3 ............................................. 63 2.24 Fuel tank valve control................................................................................................... 65 3 DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION OF TRACTOR CONSTITUENTS ...........................66 3.1 Engine and its systems.................................................................................................... 66 3.1.1 Engine............................................................................................................................ 66 3.1.1.1 General information................................................................................................... 66 3.1.1.2 Engine elements ........................................................................................................ 67 3.1.2 System of engine air cleaning ..................................................................................... 71 3.1.3 System of charged air cooling ..................................................................................... 73 3.1.4 Engine cooling system ................................................................................................. 74 3.2 Coupling............................................................................................................................ 75 3.2.1 Coupling clutch.............................................................................................................. 75 3.2.2 Peculiarities of clutch installation, dismantling and adjustment.................................. 76 3.2.2.1 General information................................................................................................... 76 3.2.2.2 Clutch dismantling ..................................................................................................... 77 3.2.2.3 Clutch installation....................................................................................................... 77 3.2.2.4 Adjustment of clutch release levers .......................................................................... 77 3.2.3 Clutch drive.................................................................................................................... 77 3.2.4 Clutch control adjustment............................................................................................. 80 3.2.4.1 Clutch control adjustment ......................................................................................... 80 3.2.4.2 Bleeding of the hydraulic system of clutch control ................................................. 80 3.2.4.3 Clutch check for purity of disengagement ............................................................... 81 3.2.5 Clutch case.................................................................................................................... 82 3.3 Gearbox ............................................................................................................................ 83 3.3.1 General information ...................................................................................................... 83 3.3.2 Mechanism of engine start-up lock with range engaged and mechanism of FDA disengagement when reversing ............................................................................................ 87 3.3.3 Gearbox control mechanism........................................................................................ 87 3.3.3.1 General information................................................................................................... 87 3.3.3.2 Speed shifting mechanism........................................................................................ 87 3.3.3.3 Range shifting mechanism ....................................................................................... 88 3.3.3.4 Mechanism of switching between the higher and the lower passes of the gearbox reduction unit .......................................................................................................................... 89 3.3.3.5 Gearbox control ......................................................................................................... 90
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3.4 Reduction unit electro-hydraulic control......................................................................... 91 3.5 Rear axle........................................................................................................................... 93 3.5.1 General information ...................................................................................................... 93 3.5.2 Main drive ...................................................................................................................... 94 3.5.3 Differential...................................................................................................................... 94 3.5.4 Rear-axle drive.............................................................................................................. 94 3.5.5 Final drive ...................................................................................................................... 94 3.5.6 Rear axle final drive adjustment .................................................................................. 95 3.5.7 Differential lock mechanism......................................................................................... 96 3.5.7.1 General information................................................................................................... 96 3.5.7.2 Differential lock mechanism adjustment.................................................................. 96 3.6 Rear power takeoff shaft ................................................................................................. 97 3.6.1 General information ...................................................................................................... 97 3.6.2 Rear PTO control .......................................................................................................... 99 3.7 Front power takeoff shaft............................................................................................... 100 3.8 Brakes ............................................................................................................................. 102 3.8.1 General information .................................................................................................... 102 3.8.2 Service brake control of "BELARUS-1822.3/2022.3" .............................................. 103 3.8.3 Service brake adjustment of "BELARUS-1822.3/2022.3"....................................... 104 3.8.4 Service brake control of "BELARUS-1822.3/2022.3"......................................... 106 3.8.5 Service brake adjustment of "BELARUS-1822.3/2022.3".................................. 108 3.8.6 Parking brake .............................................................................................................. 109 3.8.7 Parking brake adjustment .......................................................................................... 110 3.9 Pneumatic system.......................................................................................................... 111 3.9.1 General information .................................................................................................... 111 3.9.2 Single-line pneumatic drive of trailer brakes ............................................................ 111 3.9.3 Double-line pneumatic drive of trailer brakes........................................................... 112 3.9.4 Combined pneumatic drive of trailer brakes............................................................. 113 3.9.4.1 General information................................................................................................. 113 3.9.4.2 Check and adjustment of single-line and double-line brake valves of the pneumatic system.................................................................................................................................... 115 3.9.4.2.1 General information.............................................................................................. 115 3.9.4.2.2 Check and adjustment of the single-line brake valve actuator of the pneumatic system ................................................................................................................................... 115 3.9.4.2.3 Check and adjustment of the double-line brake valve actuator of the pneumatic system ................................................................................................................................... 116 3.9.5 Check and adjustment of pneumatic system pressure regulator ........................... 117 3.10 Transmission hydraulic system .................................................................................. 118 3.11 Front driving axle ......................................................................................................... 120 3.11.1 General information .................................................................................................. 120 3.11.2 Central reduction unit ............................................................................................... 120 3.11.3 Wheel gear group ..................................................................................................... 121 3.11.4 FDA drive................................................................................................................... 123 3.11.4.1 General information............................................................................................... 123 3.11.4.2 Adjustment of FDA drive automatic switch ......................................................... 124 3.12 Electronic system for rear-axle differential lock control, front driving axle drive control, and front power take off shaft control ................................................................... 125 3.12.1 Rear axle differential lock control ............................................................................ 125 3.12.2 FDA drive control ...................................................................................................... 126 3.12.3 Front PTO control ..................................................................................................... 127 3.13 Undercarriage and tractor wheels .............................................................................. 128 3.14 Hydrostatic steering control ........................................................................................ 129 3.14.1 General information .................................................................................................. 129
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3.14.2 Dosing pump ............................................................................................................. 131 3.14.3 Steering hydraulic cylinder....................................................................................... 132 3.14.4 HSC oil tank .............................................................................................................. 133 3.15 Hydraulic lift linkage (HLL) .......................................................................................... 134 3.15.1 General information .................................................................................................. 134 3.15.2 Oil tank....................................................................................................................... 137 3.15.3 HLL pump drive......................................................................................................... 137 3.15.4 Valve group ............................................................................................................... 138 3.15.5 Installation and adjustments of position and force sensors of RLL ECS ................ 139 3.15.5.1 General information ................................................................................................ 139 3.15.5.2 Installation and adjustment of the position sensor ............................................. 139 3.15.5.3 Force sensor installation....................................................................................... 140 3.16 Indication of emergency states of hydraulic lift linkage............................................ 141 3.17 Rear lift linkage ............................................................................................................ 142 3.17.1 General information .................................................................................................. 142 3.17.2 Turnbuckle................................................................................................................. 142 3.17.3 Arm............................................................................................................................. 143 3.18 Rear lift linkage electronic control system ................................................................. 144 3.19 Front lift linkage............................................................................................................ 146 3.19.1 General information .................................................................................................. 146 3.19.2 Rules of shifting FLL from operating position to transport position...................... 146 3.19.3 Rules for coupling agricultural machines with FLL ................................................ 147 3.20 All-purpose drawbar hitch ........................................................................................... 148 3.21 Electrical equipment .................................................................................................... 149 3.21.1 General information .................................................................................................. 149 3.21.2 Heating plug operation principle.............................................................................. 149 3.21.3 Order of integrated indicator programming ............................................................ 150 3.21.3.1 Control panel of integrated indicator.................................................................... 150 3.21.3.2 Algorithm of integrated indicator programming................................................... 150 3.21.4 Installation and adjustment of speed sensors and RPM sensor of rear PTO ...... 153 3.21.4.1 Speed sensor installation ...................................................................................... 153 3.21.4.2 Installation of rear PTO RPM sensor ................................................................... 153 3.22 Cab air conditioning and heating system................................................................... 154 3.23 Cab................................................................................................................................ 157 3.23.1 General information .................................................................................................. 157 3.23.2 Cab installation ......................................................................................................... 157 3.23.3 Doors.......................................................................................................................... 158 3.23.4 Side screens.............................................................................................................. 159 3.23.5 Rear screen............................................................................................................... 160 3.23.6 Outside mirrors ......................................................................................................... 161 3.23.7 Roof with opening hatch........................................................................................... 161 3.24 Marking of tractor components ................................................................................... 163 4 INTENDED USE OF TRACTOR...................................................................................165 4.1 Safety measures to be taken preparing tractor for operation .................................... 165 4.2 Tractor use...................................................................................................................... 166 4.2.1 Boarding the tractor .................................................................................................... 166 4.2.2 Preparing for start and starting the engine ............................................................... 166 4.2.3 Tractor motion start, GB shifting............................................................................... 167 4.2.4 Tractor stop ................................................................................................................. 169 4.2.5 Engine stop.................................................................................................................. 169 4.2.6 Getting off the tractor.................................................................................................. 169 4.2.7 PTO use....................................................................................................................... 169
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4.2.8 Selection of optimal inner pressure in tires depending on operational conditions and load on tractor axles, instructions for tire use............................................................. 171 4.2.8.1 Selection of optimal inner pressure in tires depending on operational conditions and load on tractor axles. .................................................................................................... 171 4.2.8.2 Instructions for tire use............................................................................................ 175 4.2.8.3 Permissible combination of front and rear tires .................................................... 176 4.2.8.4 Tire inflation.............................................................................................................. 176 4.2.9 Rear wheel track formation ........................................................................................ 177 4.2.10 Rear wheel twinning ................................................................................................. 178 4.2.11 Front wheel track formation ..................................................................................... 179 4.3 Safety measures to be taken when operating the tractor .......................................... 181 4.3.1 General safety measures to be taken when operating the tractor ......................... 181 4.3.2 Fire safety measures .................................................................................................. 184 4.4 Tractor final assembly and run-in ................................................................................. 185 4.4.1 Tractor final assembly ................................................................................................ 185 4.4.2 Technical maintenance before tractor run-in............................................................ 185 4.4.3 Tractor run-in............................................................................................................... 185 4.4.4 Technical maintenance during tractor run-in............................................................ 186 4.4.5 Technical maintenance after tractor run-in............................................................... 186 4.5 Actions in extreme conditions ....................................................................................... 187 5 COUPLING OF IMPLEMENTS.....................................................................................188 5.1 General information ....................................................................................................... 188 5.2 Types of implements coupled with tractor "BELARUS1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3"....................................................................................... 190 5.3 Lift linkage....................................................................................................................... 191 5.3.1 General information .................................................................................................... 191 5.3.2 Three-point rear lift linkage ........................................................................................ 191 5.3.3 Three-point front lift linkage ....................................................................................... 195 5.4 Drawbar hitches ............................................................................................................. 197 5.4.1 General information .................................................................................................... 197 5.4.2 Drawbar hitch DH-2V.................................................................................................. 198 5.4.3 Drawbar hitch DH-V ................................................................................................. 199 5.4.4 Drawbar hitch DH-2R ................................................................................................. 200 5.4.5 Drawbar hitch DH-1-01 ........................................................................................... 201 5.4.6 Drawbar hitch DH -1 ................................................................................................... 202 5.5 Usage patterns of tractor hydraulic system for driving of operated parts and other elements of unitized hydraulically operated machines and units..................................... 203 5.6. Selection of implements for coupling .......................................................................... 205 5.6.1 General instructions.................................................................................................... 205 5.6.2 Methods of selection of the implements for coupling .............................................. 205 5.6.2.1 Calculating method for selection of implements for coupling................................. 206 5.6.2.2 Experimental method for selection of implements for coupling............................. 206 5.7 Test of correctness of composition of the machine and tractor unit.......................... 209 5.8 Selection of ploughs ...................................................................................................... 210 5.9 Power take-off shaft ends.............................................................................................. 211 5.10 Determination of PTO shaft and cardan shaft applicability...................................... 212 5.11 Features of application of PTO shafts and cardan shafts........................................ 215 5.12 Ways of changing of drawbar features and passing ability of the tractors .................... 219 5.12.1 General information.................................................................................................... 219 5.12.2 Ways of changing of drawbar features and passing ability of the tractors................. 220 5.12.3 Application of hinge-mounted quick-detachable ballast........................................ 220 5.12.4 Filling up the tires with water (solution) for the purpose of adhesive weight increasing .............................................................................................................................. 220
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5.12.5 Procedure of filling with water or water solution .................................................... 222 5.12.6 Order of partial water or water solution drain from the wheels tires .................... 222 5.12.7 Order of full water or water solution drain from the wheels tires.......................... 223 5.12.8 Selection of the tires internal pressure ................................................................... 223 5.12.9 Application of rear axle differential blocking........................................................... 224 5.12.10 Doubling of wheels ................................................................................................. 224 5.13 Features of the tractor application in special conditions .......................................... 225 5.13.1 Tractor operation in areas with rugged topography. Possibility of the tractor application for haylage allocation for reserve. ................................................................... 225 5.13.2 Application of substances for the purpose of chemical treatment ....................... 225 5.13.3 Operation in a forest................................................................................................. 225 5.13.4 Driving on public roads and selection of speed ..................................................... 226 5.14 Finding of total weight, loads on the front and rear axles, tires holding capacity and required minimum ballast..................................................................................................... 227 5.15 Choice and installation of front loader ....................................................................... 229 5.15.1 General information .................................................................................................. 229 5.15.2 Safety measures by tractor "BELARUS-1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3" operation with loader installed............................................................................................. 231 5.15.3 Information about mounting holes........................................................................... 233 5.16 Usage peculiarities of special low-speed modification of 2022B.3 17/32 ........... 235 6 MAINTENANCE ...........................................................................................................235 6.1 General instructions....................................................................................................... 235 6.2 Providing access to the components for maintenance services................................ 237 6.2.1 Providing access to the components for maintenance service of tractors with facing consisting of the hood, mask and side pieces........................................................ 237 6.2.2 Providing access to the components for maintenance services of tractors with facing consisting of hood only. ............................................................................................ 238 6.3 Maintenance procedure................................................................................................. 240 6.4 Scheduled maintenance service operations................................................................ 243 6.4.1 Maintenance service on a shift basis (SBMS) in every 8 10 hours of operation or per shift.................................................................................................................................. 243 6.4.2 Maintenance service in every 125 hours of operation............................................. 249 6.4.3 Maintenance services in every 250 hours of operation........................................... 255 6.4.4 Maintenance services in every 500 hours of operation........................................... 264 6.4.5 Maintenance service in every 1000 hours of operation .......................................... 272 6.4.6 Maintenance service in every 2000 hours of operation .......................................... 279 6.4.7 Maintenance service that does not coincide with intervals of MS-1, 2MS-1, MS-2, MS-3 and special MS ........................................................................................................... 284 6.4.8 General maintenance services.................................................................................. 284 6.5 Seasonal maintenance services................................................................................... 287 6.6 Safety measures while maintenance service and repair operations......................... 287 6.6.1 General safety requirements ..................................................................................... 287 6.6.2 Safety precautions for exclusion of hazardous situations related to accumulator batteries and a fuel tank. ..................................................................................................... 287 6.6.3 Guidelines for safe use of leveling jacks and statement of proper places for their installation ............................................................................................................................. 288 6.7 Filling and lubrication of the tractor with fuel and lubrication materials .................... 290 7. POSSIBLE FAILURES AND INSTRUCTIONS FOR THEIR TROUBLESHOOTING..296 7.1 Possible engine failures and instructions for their troubleshooting ........................... 296 7.2 Possible clutch failures and instructions for their troubleshooting............................. 300 7.3 Possible failures in the gearbox and instructions for their troubleshooting............... 303
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7.4 Possible failures in the electronic control system for rear axle differential lock, front driving axle drive, front power take off shaft, GB reduction gear and instructions for their troubleshooting ..................................................................................................................... 304 7.5 Possible failures in rear axle and guidelines for troubleshooting .............................. 306 7.6 Possible failures in rear power take-off shaft and guidelines for troubleshooting.... 306 7.7 Possible failures in front power take-off shaft and guidelines for troubleshooting... 307 7.8 Possible failures of brakes and guidelines for troubleshooting ................................. 308 7.9 Possible failures in pneumatic system and guidelines for troubleshooting ............ 311 7.10 Possible failures of transmission hydraulic system and guidelines for troubleshooting ..................................................................................................................... 313 7.11 Possible failures of FDA and guidelines for troubleshooting ................................... 314 7.12 Possible failures of hydrostatic steering control and guidelines for troubleshooting ................................................................................................................................................ 317 7.13 Possible failures in the electronic control system of RLL and guidelines for troubleshooting ..................................................................................................................... 320 7.14 Possible failures of the hydraulic lift linkage and guidelines for troubleshooting... 326 7.14.1 General information .................................................................................................. 326 7.14.2 Guidelines for troubleshooting in HLL..................................................................... 326 7.14.3 Section R-23LS lowering valve disassembly procedure ................................. 328 7.15 Possible failures in the electrical equipment and guidelines for troubleshooting .. 329 7.15.1 General information .................................................................................................. 329 7.15.2 Search and elimination of failures in electrics power-supply................................ 329 7.15.3 Search and elimination of failures in engine start-up system............................... 331 7.15.4 Search and elimination of failures in lighting facilities ............................................. 333 7.15.5 Search and elimination of failures in air conditioner electrics................................ 334 7.15.6 Search and elimination of failures in operation of front and rear wiper, windscreen washer, acoustic alarm ........................................................................................................ 335 7.15.7 Search and elimination of failures in operation of heating plugs.......................... 336 7.15.8 Search and elimination of failures in test instruments operation located on the dashboard ............................................................................................................................. 336 7.16 Possible failures of air-conditioning and cab heating systems and guidelines for troubleshooting ..................................................................................................................... 343 8. TRACTOR STORAGE.................................................................................................346 8.1 General instructions....................................................................................................... 346 8.2 Requirements for inter-shift storage of machines ....................................................... 346 8.3 Requirements for short-term tractors storage ............................................................. 346 8.4 Requirements for outdoors long-term storage ............................................................ 346 8.5 Preservation.................................................................................................................... 347 8.6 Depreservation and represervation.............................................................................. 348 8.7 Putting tractor into operation after long-term storage................................................. 348 8.8 Safety requirements for preservation........................................................................... 349 9. TRACTOR TRANSPORTATION AND TOWING.........................................................350 9.1 Tractor transportation .................................................................................................... 350 9.2 Tractor towing................................................................................................................. 350 10. TRACTOR DISPOSAL ..............................................................................................351 SERVICE BULLETINS......................................................................................................... 352 Annex ................................................................................................................................. 348 (compulsory) ......................................................................................................................... 348 Annex B ................................................................................................................................. 350 (compulsory) ......................................................................................................................... 350
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2022.3-0000010 OM The present manual is designed for studying the structure, operation rules and maintenance of tractors "BELARUS-1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3". Scrutinize this manual. It will help you to study the rules of correct operation and maintenance. Failure to follow this instruction can lead to operator's injury or a breakdown of a tractor. Operation of a tractor, its maintenance and repair shall be carried out only by employees, familiar with all of its parameters and characteristics and informed about necessary safety requirements to prevent casualties. In connection with constant development of the tractor some changes, which are not depicted in the present manual, can be introduced in the structure of certain units and parts. Any arbitrary changes made by a consumer release the manufacturer from responsibility for possible further injuries to the operator and tractor breakdown.
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Adopted abbreviations and conventional notations:
ADL automatic differential lock; AB accumulator battery; DL differential lock; RADL rear axle differential lock; PLU pilot lamps unit; FB fuse block; FC fast coupling; PTO power takeoff shaft; PRS power reception shaft; HSC hydrostatic steering control; HLL hydraulic lift linkage; HS hydraulic system; FFVS frequency fuel volume sensor; STM shift-time maintenance; RPTO rear power takeoff shaft; SPTA spare parts, tools and accessories; RA rear axle; RLL rear lift linkage; II integrated indicator; GB gearbox; MTU machine and tractor unit; CC coupling clutch; LL lift linkage; CF cooling fluid; IAH inlet air heater; FDA front driving axle; FPTO front power takeoff; VC voltage converter; FLL front lift linkage; FDAD front driving axle drive; CM control module; IICP integrated indicator control module; HPH high pressure hoses; HP heating plugs; SM seasonal maintenance; MS maintenance service; MS1 maintenance service No1; MS2 maintenance service No2; MS3 maintenance service No3; DH drawbar hitch; ECS electronic control system; EE electrical equipment.
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The manufacturer uses standard international symbols, regarding application of instruments and control units.
Given below are the symbols with indication of their meanings.
-- see the manual ;
-- control manipulations;
-- brake; -- manual brake; -- audible beep;
-- fast; -- slowly; -- forward;
-- alarm signaling; -- fuel; -- coolant; -- heating plugs;
-- reverse; -- accumulator charging; -- cab roof light; -- parking lights;
-- engine speed; -- oil pressure in the engine;
-- temperature of engine coolant;
-- off / stop; -- on / start; -- gradual adjustment;
-- tractor turn indicator; -- trailer turn indicator; -- upper beam; -- low beam; -- working lights; -- differential lock; -- PTO engaged;
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-- front screen wiper; -- rear screen wiper and
washer; -- brake fluid level in main cyl-
inder tanks;
-- oil pressure in HSC
-- beacon -- oil pressure in gearbox
-- braking of gearbox -- air pressure in pneumatic system -- swivel lever up
-- swivel lever down
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-- front driving axle drive; -- fan; -- air filter clogged; -- engine start; -- road-train -- external cylinder retracting -- external cylinder protracting -- external cylinder floating -- engine stop
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1 TRACTOR DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION
1.1 Tractor assignment
The tractor "BELARUS-1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3" is intended for performance of various general purpose agricultural operations, for basic and preseeding treatment of soil, planting of crops and other cultures in a structure with wide-span and combined units, for harvesting operations in a structure with heavy-duty harvesting complexes that are designed for forage conservation, crop harvesting, for transport and loading operations.
Low-speed version of the reverse configuration 2022.3 17/32 of BELARUS2022.3 tractor is also intended to operate with units that have active working elements driven from the rear PTO and move at low operating speeds.
The version 2022.3 17/32 has the following differences from the basic version: - the reduced speed range of the front travel includes the speeds of 1,14 km/h to 24,32 km/h; - the speed range of the reverse travel includes the speeds of 1,60 km/h to 11,46 km/h; - to increase the clearance a smaller fuel tank is mounted under the lateral fuel tank; - there is a protection for the rear glass and lights; - rear wheels have protected valves.
The tractor "BELARUS-1822.3/2022.3" is a general-purpose wheeled tractor of traction class 3 with the wheel formula 4X4.
The tractor "BELARUS-1822.3/2022.3" is a general-purpose wheeled tractor of traction class 3 with the wheel formula 4X4 and a reversible control post.
Distinctive features of BELARUS-1822.3/1822.3 model compared to BELARUS-
2022.3/2022.3 model are listed in table 1.1.
BELARUS-1822.3/1822.3
BELARUS-2022.3/1822.3
Engine -260.9S2,
Engine D-260.4S2,
rated power 132,5 kW
rated power 156 kW
Ballast 1822.3-4235010 (without weights)
Ballast weight 2022-4235010 (with weights)
The rear PTO has only standard
The rear PTO has both standard
operation mode, the economy mode is missing
and economy operation modes
Supplementary ballast 2022-4235025- is missing
Supplementary ballast 2022-4235025- is installed on order
Front lift linkage and front PTO are not mounted
Front lift linkage and front PTO are not mounted on order
Set for rear wheel twinning is sup-
Set for rear wheel twinning is in-
plied on order
cluded into basic configuration
Appearance of BELARUS-1822.3/1822.3 tractor and BELARUS2022.3/2022.3 tractor with basic configuration is shown in figure 1.1.1.
Appearance of BELARUS-2022.3/2022.3 equipped with front PTO and FLL is shown n figure 1.1.2.
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Figure 1.1.1 Tractors BELARUS-1822.3/1822.3 and tractors BELARUS2022.3/2022.3 with basic configuration
Figure 1.1.2 Tractors BELARUS-2022.3/2022.3 equipped with FLL and front PTO (for the rest see fig. 1.1.1)
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1.2 Technical specifications
Main parameters and technical specifications of the chassis are given in table 1.2.
Table 1.2
Parameter (characteristics) title
1 Traction class as per GOST 27021 2 Rated traction force, kN 3 Engine 1)
) model b) engine type 2)
c) number and position of cylinders 2) d) displacement, l 2) e) engine power, kW:
1) rated 2) 2) normal f) crankshaft rated speed, min-1 2)
g) specific fuel consumption at normal power, g/(kW·h)
h) turning torque rated factor, % 2) i) max turning torque, N·m 2) 4 Power on rear PTO in PTO mode "1000 min-1", kW, not less than: 5 Specific fuel consumption at power on PTO in PTO mode "1000 min-1", g/(kW·h), not more than 6 Number of gears: ) for forward travel b) for backward travel 7 Tractor travel speed (design) at crankshaft rated speed, km/h: ) for forward motion:
1) least creeping 2) highest traveling b) for backward motion: 1) least 2) highest 8 Tractor weight, kg: ) structural
b) operating with ballast weight
c) operating without ballast weight
d) max. operating e) ex-works 5)
Parameter value for the tractor "BELARUS"
1822.3/1822.3 2022.3/2022.3 3 30
-260.9 S2
-260.4 S2
turbocharged with intercooling of the
charged air
six, in-line, vertical
7,12
132,0 124,6+5,2
156,0 148,0+3,7
2100
759,0 110,6
250±7 30
280
900,0 130,4
24 12
1,86 (1,14 3)) 39,70 (24, 32 3))
2,60 (1,60 3)) 18,40 (11,46 3))
6230±100 / 6300±100
-
6770±100 / 7840±100 10000 (11500 4)) 6380/6450
6680±100 / 6750±100 7220±100 / 7290±100 (7190±1003))
-
10000 (11500 4)) 6830 / 6900
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Table 1.2 continued
Parameter (characteristics) title
9 Distribution of operating weight on axles, kg:
) on front b) on rear 10 Permitted load on axles, kN: ) on front b) on rear 11 Max weight of the trailer, kg ) without brakes b) with independent brake c) with overrunning brake d) equipped with a brake system (trailer brakes are interconnected with tractor brakes) 12 Clearance, mm, (on tyres of basic configuration) not less than: ) under the rear axle body
b) under drawbar hitch bracket
Parameter value for the tractor "BELARUS"
1822.3/1822.3 2022.3/2022.3
2300 / 2310 4470 / 4530
3000 3100 10000 17000
2890 / 2900 4330 / 4390
50 85
3500 3500 12000 18000
540 410
13 Track dimensions (on tyres of basic configuration), mm:
) for front wheels
b) for rear wheels 14 Least radius of turning circle (with braking), m 15 Tractor base, mm 16 Crossed hindrances:
a) angle of climb without trailer, not less than
b) angle of climb with trailer, not less than
c) max fordable depth, m
17 Service life, years
18 Overall dimensions, mm: ) length with weights and rear lift link-
age in transport position b) length without weights and with rear lift
linkage in transport position c) width on rear wheel axle shaft ends d) width on rear twinned wheels (on
tyres of basic configuration) with the preset recommended track (1800 ±20mm)
e) width on rear wheel axle shaft ends with safety washers
f) height to the top of cab 19 Tyres (basic configuration):
) front wheels b) rear wheels
1620±20, 1725±20, 1790±20, 1890±20, 1940±20, 2040±20, 2105±20, 2205±20 1800±20 to 2010±20 and 2230±20 to 2500 ±20
5,3 2920±20
20º
12º
0,85 10
-
5230±50
4820±50 2400±20
3790±50
2450±20 3120±30
420/70R24 580/70R42
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Table 1.2 finished
Parameter (characteristics) title
20 Electrical equipment as per GOST 3940: ) rated supply voltage in on-board
power system, V b) rated ignition voltage, V
21 Hydraulic system: ) pump displacement under crankshaft
rated speed, l/min b) safety valve operation pressure, MPa c) conventional volume factor, not less
than 22 Working equipment: ) rear power take-off shaft: rated speed of PTO shaft end extension in the following modes, rpm: - stage I 540/540 (under 1929/1475 rpm
of engine crankshaft speed, respectively)
Parameter value for the tractor "BELARUS"
1822.3/1822.3 2022.3/2022.3
12 24
53 20-2 0,75
540 (590 6))
540 (590/770 6))
- II stage 1000/1000 (under 1909/1460 rpm of engine crankshaft speed, respectively)
b) front power takeoff shaft (against order):
rated speed of PTO shaft end extension (under 2050 rpm of engine crankshaft), rpm
c) rear lift linkage: 1) loading capacity of rear lift linkage on
suspension axis, kg, not less than
1000 (1100 6)) 1000 (1100/1460 6))
-
1000 (1025 6))
6500
2) time for raising rear lift linkage from lowermost position into uppermost position with test load on suspension axis, sec., not more than
d) front lift linkage (against order):
e) drawbar hitch:
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
6,5
In section 5 "Cou-
-
pling of imple-
ments"
In section 5 "Coupling of implements"
1) Engine parameters, not specified in the table 1.2, shall meet 260 S2 0000100 document.
2) For referential use. 3) For low-speed version of the tractor reverse configuration 4) When operating in traction-drive mode and speed limit to 15 km/h. 5) Specified depending on the configuration. 6) At 2100 rpm of engine crankshaft speed.
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1.3 Tractor composition
Tractor framework semi-frame.
Undercarriage: front and rear driving wheels, with pneumatic tyres of low pressure. Steering wheels are front wheels. The wheels are twinned by means of spacers.
The tractor is equipped with 4-stroke piston six-cylinder inner combustion engine with in-line vertical arrangement of cylinders, with direct injection of diesel fuel and compression ignition, corresponding to environmental requirements of Stage 2.
System of engine lubrication is combined, some parts are lubricated under pressure, some by spattering. The lubrication system consists of an oil sump, oil pump, liquid-oil heat exchanger, centrifugal oil filter and oil filter with paper filtering element.
The engine fuel supply system consists of a fuel pump, injectors, low-pressure pipes, high-pressure pipelines, fuel coarse filter, fuel fine filter.
System of engine start-up is electric starter. A means of start-up facilitation under low environmental temperatures is a heating plug.
System of air delivery consists of a turbocharger, air delivery pipeline and a system of charged air cooling.
The turbocharger is executed as follows: radial centripetal turbine and centrifugal single-stage compressor with cantilever arrangement of wheels in relation to supports.
The system of air purification consists of a dry-type air cleaner of "Donaldson" company FPG100318 with one paper filtering element P781039. This air cleaner has two stages of purification.
Cooling system for charged air is of a radiator type. The CAC radiator is intended for cooling the air, charged into the inlet collector.
System of engine cooling is closed-type with coolant compulsory circulation executed by a centrifugal pump. The water pump is driven by a V-belt from the crankshaft pulley. For acceleration of engine warming up after start-up and for automatic control of a temperature mode at various loadings and ambient temperatures there are two thermostats -107, mounted on the delivery line.
The coupling clutch is frictional, dry, two-disk, spring-loaded. The CC overlays are ceramic-metal. The coupling control drive is hydrostatic with a hydraulic booster.
The gearbox is 24F + 12R, mechanical, fixed-ratio, with constant-mesh gears. Shifting of 6 gears within each of four ranges of front motion and two ranges of reverse is executed by means of synchro-mesh units, switching between ranges is executed by toothed clutches and synchro-mesh units.
The rear axle: - with the main drive as a pair of bevel gears with circular teeth; - with a differential with a mechanical lock, with electrohydraulic control. - with final drives as a pair of cylindrical gears; - with hub drives of a planetary type;
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Brakes: Working brakes are multidisk, oil-lubricated, located on shafts of the driving gears of the final drives. Working brakes control is interlocked with a pneumatic drive of trailer brakes. The working brakes control drive is hydrostatic. The parking brake is brought into coincidence with the working brakes, it has an independent manual mechanical control. The control is interlocked with the pneumatic drive of trailer brakes. The trailer brakes control drive is either single-wire pneumatic or double-wire pneumatic, or combined pneumatic, interlocked with tractor brakes control. The rear power takeoff shaft of BELARUS-2022.3/2022.3 is continuous fourspeed, with soft start-up, it has two modes: basic and economy. The direction of rotation is clockwise when viewed from the shaft end face. The rear power takeoff shaft of BELARUS-1822.3/1822.3 is continuous twospeed, with soft start-up, it has only basic mode. The direction of rotation is clockwise when viewed from the shaft end face. The supply variant 1: The tractor is equipped with the PTO shaft end extension 3 (20 splines) as per GOST 3480, The tractor set of spare parts, tools and accessories is completed with the PTO shaft end extension 1c (8 splines) as per GOST 3480 and the PTO shaft end extension 2 (21 splines) as per GOST 3480 and ISO500.
The supply variant 2: The tractor is equipped with the PTO shaft end extension 2 (21 splines) as per GOST 3480 and ISO500 The tractor set of spare parts, tools and accessories is completed with the PTO shaft end extension 1 (6 splines) as per ISO500 and the PTO shaft end extension 3 (20 splines) as per ISO500.
The front PTO (mounted on BELARUS-2022.3/2022.3 against order) is continuous, single-speed with a PTO shaft end extension of type 2 (21 teeth) under GOST 3480. The direction of rotation is clockwise when viewed from the shaft end face.
The transmission hydraulic system provides for the following: switching of gearbox reduction unit passes, RPTO, FPTO and FDA drives, differential lock; filtration of transmission oil; pressure feed lubrication of gearbox bearings, planetary gear groups of the rear axle, FDA support; clutch hydraulic booster operation. Steering is hydrostatic. The feed pump is gear-type, the direction of rotation is left. The dosing pump is gerotor-type. The type of the rotation mechanism - two hydraulic cylinders of bidirectional operation and a steering linkage. The front driving axle is portal-frame, beam-type with planetary-cylindrical final gears. The main drive is a pair of bevel gears with circular teeth. The differential is selflocked, with increased friction. The FDA is driven from the gearbox through the frictional hydraulically-operated clutch and the crankshaft. The FDA control is electro-hydraulic. The hydraulic lift linkage is remote-cylinder, providing for the draft, position and combined and depth control of agricultural machinery, and suppression of vertical oscillation of agricultural implements in traveling position; with electrohydraulic system (EHR) of rear lift linkage automatic control. The system has three pairs of independent outlets. Free drain is available at the back of the tractor for operation with hydraulic units with constant delivery, hydraulic motors for instance. The rear lift linkage is a three-point linkage of category 3 under ISO 730 and a linkage 3 under GOST 10677. There are two cylinders 90x250.
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The front lift linkage (mounted on BELARUS-2022.3/2022.3 against order) is a three-point linkage of category 2 under ISO 730 and a linkage 2 under GOST 10677. There are two cylinders 90x250
Drawbar hitches of a lift type: - towing yoke DH 2V for coupling with semi-trailers and semi-trailed implements; - towing yoke DH 3V for coupling with trailers and trailed implements; - hydraulic hook DH-2 for coupling with semi-trailers and semi-trailed machines (against order); - pin DH-2R ("Pithon") for coupling with semi-trailers and semi-trailed machines (against order); - towing bar DH-1M-01 for coupling with semi-trailed and trailed agricultural machines; - cross member DH-1 for coupling with trailed and semi-trailed machines (against order).
The cabin is a one-seated with a protective rigid framework, having thermal, noise and vibration insulation, with a system of heating, air-conditioning and ventilation, equipped with a sprung seat adjustable for operator's height and weight, with rear-view mirrors, with a sun visor, with electrical wipers for front and rear screens, with front and rear screen washers, with a roof lamp and a place to install a radio set. The cab doors have got locks, there are keys for the left door. Upon request the tractor can be equipped with an additional seat.
The electrical equipment complies with GOST 3940. The rated power supply voltage for on-board network is 12V. The rated voltage for the start-up is 24V.
Instruments are a combination of devices; these are an integrated indicator; pilot lamps (glow lamps and light emitting diodes), located on the block of pilot lamps and the control panel of the rear axle differential lock and FDA drive.
1.4 Vibration level at operator's working place of tractor "BELARUS1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3"
The vibration level at the operator's seat complies with the Council Directive 78/764/(. Values of the vibration level are given in the EU type approval for each type of a seat.
Max. permitted vibration levels in vertical direction on operator's seat of tractors 1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3 are provided in table 1.3.
Table 1.3 Name of parameter
Octave band, Hz Average quadratic value of acceleration, m/s2
Average quadratic values of acceleration in vertical direction, m/s2, in octave bands with geometric mean frequencies, Hz
2,0
4,0
8,0
16,0
31,5
1,30
0,45
0,35
0,40
-
Max. permitted vibration levels in horizontal direction on operator's seat of tractors 1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3 are provided in table 1.4.
Table 1.4
Name of parameter
Octave band, Hz Average quadratic value of acceleration, m/s2
Parameter value in octave band with geometric mean frequencies, Hz
1,0 2,0 4,0 8,0 16,0 31,5 63,0
0,316 0,423 0,800 1,620 3,200 6,380 12,760
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Max. permitted levels of local vibration of tractors 1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3 are provided in table 1.5.
Table 1.5
Name of parameter
Octave band, Hz Average quadratic value of speed, m/s Speed rate, dB
Parameter value in octave band with geometric
mean frequencies, Hz
16,0
31,5
63,0 125,0 250,0
4,0·10-2 2,8·10-2 2,0·10-2 1,4·10-2 1,0·10-2
118
115
112
109
106
1.5 Noise level at operator's working place of tractor BELARUS1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3
Noise level at the operator's workplace conforms to the Directive 2009/76/, Appendix 2, and does not exceed the value of 86 dB (A). External noise level conforms to Directive 2009/63/ and does not exceed the value of 89 dB (A).
1.6 Tractor marking
Metal nameplate is fixed at the rear of the cab on the right side, as shown in fig. 1.6.1.
Additionally the tractor serial number is applied by means of percussion on the right side member and duplicated on the right plate of the front ballast weight.
Nameplate on tractors supplied to the countries, not being members of the EU
Nameplate on tractors supplied to EU countries
Figure 1.6.1 Place of application the tractor nameplate 1.7 Packing The tractor is dispatched to a consumer without packing.
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2 CONTROLS AND INSTRUMENTS
2.1 Layout of controls and instruments of the tractor Controls and instruments, located in the tractor cab, are presented in fig. 2.1.1.
Figure 2.1.1 Layout of controls and instruments of the tractor 22
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To the figure 2.1.1 Layout of controls and instruments of the tractor: 1 sun visor; 2 cab light with switch; 3 place for radio receiver (car stereo) installation; 4 conditioner control panel; 5 upper shield unit of button switches; 6 deflectors; 7 recirculation shutters; 8 supplementary switch of rear screen wiper; 9 accumulator battery remote disconnect switch; 10 starter and instruments switch; 11 left multifunctional underwheel switch; 12 steering wheel; 13 instrument board; 14 pilot lamps unit; 15 integrated indicator; 16 integrated indicator control panel; 17 right multifunctional underwheel switch; 18 emergency flashing switch; 19 central light switch; 20 switch of front working lights mounted on handgrips; 21 handle to stop the engine; 22 handle to engage rear PTO drive; 23 parking brake control lever; 24 clutch control pedal; 25 handle for steering column tilt fixation; 26 left brake control pedal; 27 right brake control pedal; 28 accelerator pedal; 29 range shifting lever; 30 lever to switch between gears and passes of the reduction gear unit; 31 rear lift linkage control console; 32 console to control rear axle DL and FDA drive; 33 handles to control the hydraulic lift linkage distributor; 34 rear PTO control lever; 35 handle to control fuel supply.
Notes recirculation shutters are installed on "BELARUS 1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3" tractor upon request. When FPTO is installed upon request, pos. 32 console to control rear axle DL, drives of FDA and FPTO.
2.2 Switches of instrument board
1 starter and instruments disconnect switch; 2 left multifunctional underwheel switch; 3 right multifunctional underwheel switch; 4 emergency flashing switch; 5 central light switch; 6 switch of front working lights mounted on handgrips; 7 accumulator battery remote disconnect switch.
Figure 2.2.1 Switches of instrument board
The starter and instruments disconnect switch 1 (see fig. 2.2.1) has four positions: - «0» off; - «I» instruments; pilot lamps unit, heating plugs are on; - «II» starter is on (non-fixed position); - «III» radio set is on. The layout of positions of starter and instruments disconnect switch is given in fig. 2.2.2 and in informational plate of the switch.
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Figure 2.2.2 Layout of positions of starter and instruments disconnect switch ATTENTION: THE REPEATED SWITCH-ON OF THE STARTER IS POSSIBLE ONLY AFTER RETURN OF THE KEY INTO POSITION "0" OF THE SWITCH. TO TURN THE STARTER AND INSTRUMENTS SWITCH INTO POSITION "III" IT IS NECESSARY TO PRESS IN THE KEY WHEN IN "0" POSITION AND TURN IT CONTRACLOCKWISE! The left multifunctional underwheel switch 2 (fig 2.2.1) provides for activation of turn blinkers, switching between upper and lower beam of headlights, upper beam blinking, audible beep. Turn blinkers are activated by moving a lever of the underwheel switch 2 from the middle position forward ("a" is a right turn) or backward ("" is a left turn) as in fig. 2.2.3. As the tractor has made a turn the lever automatically returns to the initial position. To switch on the road headlights set a central light switch 5 (fig. 2.2.1) into "III" position, as indicated below, and the lever of the underwheel switch into the middle position "" "lower beam" according to fig 2.2.3. "Upper beam" is switched on by pushing the switch lever against the stop ("" position). The lever positions "lower beam" / "upper beam" are fixed. When pulling the lever against the stop ("" position, fig 2.2.3) from the position of the "lower beam" the lever is set into a non-fixed position activating the "upper beam", called "upper beam blinking", irrespective of the position of the central light switch. The audible beep is activated by pressing the lever in axial direction (axis of the switching lever). The beep can be activated in any position of the switching lever.
Fig 2.2.3 Operational scheme of the left multifunctional underwheel switch The right multifunctional underwheel switch 3 (fig.2.2.1) provides for activation of a dual-speed wiper and a washer of the windscreen.
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2022.3-0000010 OM The windscreen wiper is activated by means of moving the underwheel switch lever 3 (fig. 2.2.1) from "off" position ("0" position according to fig. 2.2.4) into "a" position (first speed) or "" (second speed). All positions are fixed. The windscreen washer is activated (in a non-fixed position) by moving the switch lever upward from any of three positions of the switch.
Figure 2.2.4 Operational scheme of the right multifunctional underwheel switch Pressing the emergency flashing button 4 (fig. 2.2.1) activates the emergency flashing. A pilot lamp, built in the button, flashes simultaneously with the emergency flashing lights. Repeated pressing the button 4 deactivates the emergency flashing. The central light switch 5 (fig.2.2.1) has three positions: - position "I" "off" (the upper part of the button is pressed as in fig 2.2.1); - position "II" "front and rear parking lights, license plate lights, lighting of instruments on the dashboard and also parking lights on a trailed machine are on" (middle position); - position "III" "all consumers of "II" position and road headlights are on" (lower part of the button is pressed against the stop as in fig. 2.2.1). When pressing the button of front working lights switch 6 (fig. 2.2.1) two front working lights, located on front light brackets, are actuated together with a light indicator, built in the button. Pressing the button (non-fixed position) of the accumulator battery remote disconnect switch 7 (fig. 2.2.1) the accumulator batteries are powered, the repeated pressing deactivates the accumulator batteries. It is possible to activate and deactivate the accumulator battery by means of the accumulator battery manual switch 2 (figure 2.2.5) located in the area of the accumulator battery installation. To activate and deactivate the accumulator battery it is necessary to press the button 1.
1 button; 2 AB manual disconnect switch; 3 accumulator battery. Figure 2.2.5 Assembly the accumulator battery manual disconnect switch
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2.3 Upper shield unit of button switches Pressing the cut-out button 1 (fig 2.3.1) activates a flash beacon (if available). Pressing the cut-out button 2 activates two front working lights, mounted on the cab roof, and an indicating lamp, built in the button. Pressing the cut-out button 3 activates two rear working lights (inner) and an indicating lamp, built in the button. Pressing the cut-out button 4 activates two rear working lights (outer) and an indicating lamp, built in the button. Pressing the cut-out button 5 activates the rear screen wiper or the wiper and the washer of the rear screen simultaneously. The cut-out button 5 has three positions: - position "I" "off"; - position "II" "rear screen wiper is on" fixed position; - position "III" "rear screen wiper and rear screen washer are on simultaneously non-fixed. During tractor operation the cut-out switch 8 (fig. 2.1.1) shall be in "on" position (i.e. in upper position). Pressing the cut-out button 6 (fig. 2.3.1) activates "Road-train" signal lights and an indicating lamp, built in the button (the "Road-train" lights are installed against order).
1 flash beacon cut-out button; 2 cut-out button of front working lights, mounted on the cab roof; 3 cut-out button of rear inner working lights; 4 cut-out button of rear outer working lights; 5 cut-out button for rear screen wiper and washer; 6 cut-out button of "Road-train" signal lights.
Figure 2.3.1 Upper shield unit of button switches 2.4 Conditioner control 2.4.1 Conditioner control in conditioning mode The conditioner control unit 4 (figure 2.1.1) has switches 1 and 2 (figure 2.4.1).
1 Switch for air flow adjustment; 2 Conditioner cut-out switch and cooling capacity adjustment;
Figure 2.4.1 Conditioner control unit With the help of the switch 1 you can change air flow by changing fan speed. The switch 2 allows to change temperature of cold and dry air outcoming from deflectors 6 (fig. 2.1.1) in the conditioning mode.
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ATTENTION: THE AIR CONDITIONER CAN BE SWITCHED ON AND OPERATE ONLY WITH THE ENGINE ON!
To switch on the conditioner it is required to do the following: - turn the cut-out switch 2 (figure 2.4.1) clockwise to 180° until a blue scale begins; - then turn the switch 1 to one of three marked positions (the fan rotor has three kinds of rotation speed). After 3-5 minutes adjust a required temperature in the cab with the switch 2; - it is possible to adjust a mixture of outer air and recirculation air with recirculation shutters 7 (figure 2.1.1) if available;
To switch off the conditioner it is required to turn both switches 1 and 2 (figure 2.4.1) contraclockwise into "0" position.
ATTENTION: MAKE SURE THE CONDITIONER IS SWITCHED OFF BEFORE STOPPING THE ENGINE!
ATTENTION: WHEN THE CONDITIONER OPERATES IN THE COOLING MODE MAKE SURE THAT THE HEATER CONTROL VALVE IS SHUT OFF IN ORDER TO PREVENT THE SYSTEMS OF HEATING AND COOLING FROM SIMULTANEOUS OPERATION!
2.4.2 Conditioner control in heating mode
ATTENTION: REFILLING THE ENGINE COOLING SYSTEM SHALL BE CARRIED OUT ONLY WITH LOW-FREEZING LIQUID SPECIFIED IN THE SUBSECTION 6.7 "FILLING AND LUBRICATION OF THE TRACTOR WITH FUEL AND LUBRICATION MATERIALS"!
To set the conditioner into the heating mode do the following: - after refilling the cooling system with the cooling fluid start the engine and let the engine run at medium idle without opening the heater control valve to reach 70-80°C of cooling system temperature; - then open the heater control valve with a handle 2 (figure 2.4.2), to do this turn the handle 2 contraclockwise against the stop; - increase engine speed and let it run for one-two minutes until the heater radiator is filled up with the fluid. Make sure the fluid circulates through the heater. The heater radiator must warm up. Herewith the cooling fluid level in the cooling system radiator will decrease; - refill the cooling fluid through the filler of the expansion tank. Refill till the cooling fluid level in the expansion tank reaches 50...60 mm below the upper edge of the filler; - to warm up the cab quickly switch on the heater fan and open recirculation shutters; ATTENTION: WHEN OPERATING IN THE HEATING MODE THE SWITCH 2 (FIGURE 2.4.1) SHALL BE COMPLETELY OFF TO PREVENT THE COOLING SYSTEM AND THE HEATING SYSTEM FROM SIMULTANEOUS OPERATION!
1 sun visor, 2 handle of heater control valve; 3 upper shield unit of button switches.
Figure 2.4.2 Installation of heater control valve
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2.4.3 Cab ventilation
During the conditioner operation in the cooling and heating modes the cab ventilation is executed simultaneously. To make the conditioner operate only in the ventilation mode it is necessary to close the heater control valve, set the switch 2 (figure 2.4.1.) in position "0" and the switch 1 in any of three marked positions.
2.5 Instrument board The instrument board 13 (figure 2.1.1) includes six gauges with five signal lamps as shown in figure 2.5.1.
Variant 1
Variant 2
1 gauge to indicate oil pressure in the transmission system; 2 signal lamp of emergency air pressure in the pneumatic system; 3 gauge to indicate air pressure in the pneumatic system; 4 pilot lamp of additional accumulator battery charge with 24V; 5 voltage gauge; 6 signal lamp of reserve fuel volume in the tank; 7 gauge to indicate fuel volume in the tank; 8 signal lamp of emergency temperature of engine coolant; 9 gauge to indicate temperature of engine coolant; 10 gauge to indicate oil pressure in the engine lubrication system; 11 signal lamp of emergency oil pressure in the engine lubrication system;
Figure 2.5.1 Instrument dashboard
2.5.1 The gauge of oil pressure in the transmission hydraulic system 1 (figure 2.5.1) indicates oil pressure in the hydraulic system of friction clutches control in tractor transmission.
The scale of oil pressure gauge has three zones: - working -- from 800 to 1500 kPa (green color); - emergency (two) -- from 0 to 800 kPa and from 1500 to 1800 kPa (red color). The normal working oil pressure in the hydraulic system of the transmission is 900 to 1100 kPa. 2.5.2 The scale of the gauge of oil pressure in the pneumatic system has three zones: - working from 500 to 800 kPa (green color); - emergency (two) -- from 0 to 500 kPa and from 800 to 1000 kPa (red color). A signal lamp 2 (red color) is built in the gauge scale which lights up when the pressure in the pneumatic system drops below 500 kPa. 2.5.3 The voltage gauge 5 (figure 2.5.1) indicates accumulator batteries voltage with the engine stopped when the key of starter and instruments switch (figure 2.2.2) is set in position "I". With the engine running the voltage gauge indicates voltage on generator terminals. A pilot lamp 4 of red color is built in the scale of voltage gauge. It is used only with 24V starting system. It indicates the process of the additional battery charge with 24V it checks the workability of the voltage converter.
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The states of the power supply system depending on the position of the gauge pointer on the scale are given in table 2.1.
Table 2.1 The states of the power supply system
Zone on the voltage gauge
States of power supply system
scale 5 (figure 2.5.1), color with the engine running with the engine stopped
13,0 15,0 V green
normal mode of charge
-
10,0 12,0 V
the generator is out of or-
accumulator battery
red
der
discharged
12,0 13,0 V yellow
No AB charge (low charging voltage)
AB has a normal charge
15,0 16,0 V red white line in the yellow zone
AB recharge -
Rated AB electromotive force is 12,7 V
ATTENTION: IF THE VOLTAGE GAUGE INDICATES ABSENSE OF AB CHARGE, CHECK THE STATE AND TENSION OF THE GENERATOR DRIVE BELT!
2.5.4 The scale of the gauge indicating fuel volume in the tank 7 has the divisions "0-1/4-1/2-3/4-1". A signal lamp 6 (orange color) is built in the gauge scale, which lights up when fuel volume in the tank drops below 1/8 of the total tank volume.
ATTENTION: DO NOT LET THE TANK BECOME EMPTY (THE GAUGE POINTER IS IN THE ZONE OF ORANGE COLOR)!
2.5.5 The scale of engine coolant temperature gauge 9 has three zones: - working from 80 to 105 ° (green color); - informational from 40 to 80 ° (yellow color); - emergency from 105 to 120 ° (red color); An emergency temperature lamp (red color) 8 is built in the scale, which lights up with coolant values from 105° and above.
2.5.6 The oil pressure gauge in the engine lubricating system 10 has three zones: - working from 100 to 500 kPa (green color); - emergency (two) 0 to 100 kPa and from 500 to 600 kPa (red color). A signal lamp of emergency oil pressure drop 11 (red color) is built in the gauge scale and lights up when the pressure drops below 100 kPa.
ATTENTION: WHEN THE COLD ENGINE IS STARTED THE PRESSURE CAN BE 600 KPA AND HIGHER!
ATTENTION: IF THE EMERGENCY PRESSURE LAMP IS ON WITH THE ENGINE RUNNING, IMMEDIATELY STOP THE ENGINE AND ELIMINATE THE FAILURE!
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2.6 Pilot lamps unit The pilot lamps unit 14 (figure 2.1.1) includes five lamps. The allocation scheme is presented in figure 2.6.1.
1 pilot lamp to indicate that the air cleaner filter is clogged to the max. (orange color); 2 pilot lamp to indicate emergency oil pressure drop in the system of hydrostatic
power steering (red color); 3 pilot lamp to indicate rear axle differential lock (orange color); 4 pilot lamp to indicate operation of heating plugs (orange color) 5 pilot lamp to
indicate emergency brake fluid level (orange color). Figure 2.6.1 Pilot lamps unit
The operating principle of the pilot lamps of PLU is the following: - pilot lamp 1 to indicate that the air filter is clogged to the max. (figure 2.6.1) lights up when the max. permissible level of filter dirtiness is exceeded and the filter requires cleaning; - pilot lamp 2 to indicate emergency oil pressure drop in the system of hydrostatic power steering lights up when the oil pressure in the system of hydrostatic power steering drops below 0,08 MPa (periodic lighting up of the lamp 2 with engine minimal speed is assumed when revolutions are increased the lamp will go out); - pilot lamp 3 to indicate rear axle differential lock lights up when activating rear axle differential lock; - pilot lamp 5 to indicate emergency brake fluid lights up when brake fluid level in the tanks of master brake cylinders is below the permissible level. - pilot lamp of the heating plugs indicates heating plugs operation (functioning algorithm of the pilot lamp indicating heating plugs operation is provided in subsection 3.21.2 "Heating plugs operational principle" of this manual).
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2022.3-0000010 OM 2.7 Integrated indicator and integrated indicator control panel 2.7.1 General information The integrated indicator 15 (figure 2.1.1) (hereinafter II) and the integrated indicator control panel 16 (figure 2.1.1) (hereinafter IICP) display information on operational parameters of systems and units of the tractor and provide operator with data on violation of work or breakdown of any system. The II includes gauges and signal lamps as per figure 2.7.1.
1 velocity gauge (needle indicator); 2 engine speed gauge (needle indicator); 3 rear PTO speed gauge (light indicator); 4, 9 segments of rear PTO speed scale (yellow color); 5, 7, 8 segments of rear PTO speed scale (green color); 6 annunciator of "540 min-1" of rear PTO speed scale range (yellow color); 10 annunciator of "1000 min-1" of rear PTO speed scale range (yellow color); 11 pilot lamp to indicate headlights upper beam switching (blue color); 12 pilot lamp to indicate switching of trailer turn blinkers (green color); 13 pilot lamp to indicate switching of tractor turn blinkers (green color); 14 pilot lamp to indicate parking brake engagement (red color); 15 pilot lamp to indicate enhanced voltage in on-board system (red color); 16 multifunction display.
Figure 2.7.1 Integrated indicator The II control panel is presented in figure 2.7.2.
Figure 2.7.2 The integrated indicator control panel 31
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The control panel 16 (figure 2.1.1) allows to carry out manual programming with buttons «» ("Parameter") and «» ("Value") (see figure 2.7.2), and also to change the mode of showing data entered on the multifunctional display with «» ("Mode") button. The "" ("Mode") button is also used to enter a non-fixed parameter value when programming the device.
Rules on use of the IICP in the mode of displaying operational parameters and failure messages on the multifunctional display are given below in subsection 2.7.2 "Assignment and operation principle of II indicators".
Rules on use of IICP in the II programming mode are given in subsection 3.21.3 "Integrated Indicator programming order".
2.7.2 Assignment and operation principle of integrated indicator gauges
2.7.2.1 Velocity gauge 1 (figure 2.7.1) indicates a design speed of the tractor on a needle indicator. The design speed exceeds the actual one, as tractor skidding is not taken into account.
The velocity gauge 1 is actuated by signals coming from pulse sensors of rotation frequency of toothed gears of final drives of right and left rear wheels. The speed is indicated in accordance with the signal from the sensor installed on the final drive gear of the wheel, turning with a less speed.
In case one of the speed sensors is faulty the integrated indicator shows speed readings in accordance with the signal coming from the correct sensor. Specific faults of circuits or speed sensors when the signals from them are missing are displayed in the multifunctional indicator as "0" digit, characterizing the fault location to the right or to the left (see below).
2.7.2.2 The engine speed gauge 2 (figure 2.7.1) indicates rotation frequency of the engine crankshaft on a needle indicator.
Information on engine speed comes from the alternator phase winding. The range of speed readings is from 0 to 3500 (rpm).
2.7.2.3 Rear PTO speed gauge 3 (figure 2.7.1) displays the rear PTO speed on a light indicator.
The rear PTO speed gauge is actuated by signals coming from a pulse speed sensor, installed above the toothed washer of the rear PTO reduction unit.
Upon engaging the rear PTO in the mode of "540 min-1" the integrated indicator operates in the following way:
- the annunciator of "540 min-1" of rear PTO speed scale range 6 lights up; - as the speed of the rear PTO shaft end extension reaches 320 min-1 a lower segment of the rear PTO gauge 9 lights up in combination with the annunciator 6. - as the speed further increases, together with the annunciator 6 the rear PTO indicator segments light up successively from bottom upward in the following order: 8 7 5 4; - then in the process of the rear PTO operation the rear PTO speed is displayed on the indicator 3 in accordance with the upper lighting segment of the RPTO as per table 2.2.
The working order of the rear PTO speed indicator 6 when switching the mode "540 rpm efficient" is the same as for the mode "540 rpm".
Upon engaging the rear PTO in the mode of "1000 rpm" the integrated indicator operates in the following way:
- the annunciator of "540 rpm" of rear PTO speed scale range 6 lights up (figure 2.7.1);
- as the speed of the rear PTO shaft end extension reaches 320 rpm a lower segment of the rear PTO gauge 9 lights up in combination with the annunciator 6.
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- as the speed further increases, together with the annunciator 6 the rear PTO indicator segments light up successively from bottom upward in the following order: 8 7 5 4;
- as the speed of the RPTO shaft extension exceeds 750 rpm the annunciator 6 as well as the segments 9, 8, 7, 5, 4 go out. Then the annunciator 10 and the lower segment 9 light up;
- as the speed further increases, together with the annunciator 10 the rear PTO indicator segments light up successively from bottom upward in the following order: 8 7 5 4;
- then in the process of the rear PTO operation the rear PTO speed is displayed on the indicator 3 in accordance with the upper lighting segment as per table 2.2.
The working order of the rear PTO speed indicator 6 when switching the mode "1000 rpm efficient" is the same as for the mode "1000 rpm".
Note A precise value for the RPTO speed can be checked on the multifunctional display 16 (figure 2.7.1).
Table 2.2 Correspondence of parameters of the indicator 3 (figure 2.7.1) to the speed of the rear PTO end extension
Active annunciator of ranges of the rear PTO speed scale
Upper (as per fig. 2.7.1)
Annunciator 6 (figure 2.7.1) Annunciator 10 (figure 2.7.1)
"540 rpm" 1)
"1000 rpm"
active segment of the rear PTO speed scale
650
1150
4
580
1050
5
500
950
7
420
850
8
320
750 2)
9
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1) the annunciator of the range of "540 rpm" of the rear PTO speed scale is actu-
ated only if there is a signal from the sensor, and switches off when the annunciator of
the range of "1000 rpm" of the rear PTO speed scale turns on or when the signal from
the sensor is missing for more than 3 sec. 2) speed value, whereby the annunciator of the range of "1000 rpm" of the rear
PTO speed scale turns on.
2.7.2.4 The multifunctional display 16 (figure 2.7.1) is a liquid-crystal display that shows information in two fields 1 and 2 simultaneously (figure 2.7.3).
1 digital symbol of the gear engaged; 2 current numeric value of one of tractor system parameters.
Figure 2.7.3 Information fields of the multifunctional display
1 the digital symbol of the gear engaged (digits 0 to 6) is displayed only on tractors with the CECS. Due to absence of the CECS on "BELARUS 1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3" tractors the number of the gear engaged is not displayed on the multifunctional indicator. The informational field 1 displays letter "A".
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The following parameters are displayed in the information field 2 (figure 2.7.3): - total elapsed engine time; - remaining fuel volume; - rear PTO speed; - testing workability of speed sensors; - testing workability of frequency fuel volume sensor (FFVS); Switching between indication modes of "Total elapsed engine time", "Remaining fuel volume", "Rear PTO speed", and switching between messages on faults is effected with "Mode" button of the control panel (figure 2.7.2). Samples of displaying operating parameters of the tractor on the multifunctional display and their short description are given in table 2.3. Table 2.3 Samples of displaying operating parameters of the tractor on the multifunctional display
Parameter
Sample of displaying parameter on the multifunctional display
Parameter description
Total elapsed engine time, h
The counter accumulates information on the total elapsed engine time with uploading a message "engine speed" from the engine control unit and stores it when the power supply is off. The range of engine time indications is from 0 to 99999 hours.
Remaining fuel volume in the tank, l
This mode is available only when the tractor is stopped (i.e. when there are no signals from the speed sensors).
Rear PTO speed, rpm
In this mode a precise speed of the rear PTO shaft end extension depending on the signal from the rear PTO speed sensor is displayed.
Samples of displaying fault messages on the multifunctional display and a short description of the tractor fault displayed are given in table 2.4.
Table 2.4 Samples of displaying messages on tractor faults on the multifunctional display
Parameter tested Sample of fault displaying on the Integrated Indicator
Fault description
Testing workability and connection of speed sensors
In case there are no signals coming
left wheel
from the speed sensor for 10-12 sec. a
sensor message in the form of "0" digit is dis-
right
played on the multifunctional display
wheel
characterizing the location of the faulty
sensor
sensor (left or right) or breakage in the
circuit of the given sensor.
Testing workability of the frequency fuel volume sensor
If there is no signal coming from the frequency fuel volume sensor for two sec. a message "FUEL" is displayed on the screen.
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Each of the abovestated fault messages is displayed in priority on the information field 2 of the multifunctional display irrespective of the information currently displayed. With sequential pushing the "Mode" button of the integrated indicator control module the messages shall be listed in turn. After the last message has been viewed and the "Mode" button has been repeatedly pressed the multifunctional display changes into displaying the cyclic mode of the operating parameters specified before.
The fault messages are displayed on the LCD-screen every time the device is actuated until the cause is eliminated.
When the integrated indicator is powered-on the multifunctional display shows information in the indication mode which has been chosen before the moment of powering off the integrated indicator.
2.7.3 Pilot lamps of the integrated indicator The operating principle of pilot lamps on the integrated indicator is as follows: - pilot lamp to indicate switching on the road lights upper beam 11 (figure 2.7.1) lights up when switching on the upper beam; - indicators of tractor turns and trailer turns 13 and 12 operate in a flashing mode when actuated with the underwheel multifunctional switch 2 (figure 2.2.1) or when the emergency button 4 is pushed in; - pilot lamp to indicate the parking brake is enabled 14 (figure 2.7.1) operates in a flashing mode with 1 Hz frequency when the parking brake sensor goes off; - pilot lamp to indicate increased on-board voltage 15 gets activated when the tractor on-board supply voltage goes up above 19V and goes out when the voltage falls below 17V;
ATTENTION: WHEN THE TRACTOR ON-BOARD SUPPLY VOLTAGE GOES UP ABOVE 19V THE INTEGRATED INDICATOR FULLY GOES OUT AND RECOVERES WHEN THE ON-BOARD VOLTAGE FALLS BELOW 17V!
ATTENTION: PILOT SIGNALLING LAMS ARE ACTIVATED AND DEACTIVATED SYNCHRONOUSLY WITH CHANGING THE STATE OF SYSTEM SENSORS!
2.7.4 Description of testing the integrated indicator performance
Each time the power supply is on, performance testing of needle pointers and scale elements of the rear PTO indicator is carried out in the integrated indicator. Herewith the indicator needle pointers move away from zero marks for one second (or the pointers flutter for not more than one second on indicator zero marks) and also both annunciators of the rear PTO scale range 6 and 10 get actuated (figure 2.7.1) as well as all segments of the rear PTO scale.
2.8 Steering
2.8.1 General information BELARUS-1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3 tractors are equipped with hydrostatic steering control (HSC). When the engine is stopped the HSC feed pump, driven by the engine crankshaft, does not feed the hydraulic system of the HSC and it is automatically shifted to a manual mode, which requires application of a greater effort on the steering wheel in order to turn the tractor.
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2.8.2 Switching of reverse box valve on tractors "BELARUS-1822.3/2022.3"
1 handle for reverse box valve control; 2 engine. Figure 2.8.1 Switching of reverse box valve on tractors "BELARUS-1822.3/2022.3"
The steering hydraulic system (HSC) on tractors "BELARUS-1822.3/2022.3" is equipped with the reverse box valve which switches hydraulic liquid supply from the feeding pump to the dosing pump of forward travel or to the dosing pump of back drive.
The reverse box valve is mounted on the right in the under-hood space. The reverse box valve control is carried out by shifting handle 1 (figure 2.8.1) into one of two positions until its fixing in each of them: - to control the tractor while moving in the mode "forward travel", handle for reverse
box valve control 1 shall be uplifted until its full fixing; - to control the tractor while moving in the mode "back drive", handle for reverse
box valve control 1 shall be lowered until its full fixing. Note Figure 2.8.1 shows the position of the handle for reverse box valve control for moving in the mode "forward travel". ATTENTION: BEFORE ENGINE START, IT IS NECESSARY TO MAKE SURE THE HANDLE FOR REVERSE BOX VALVE CONTROL IS SET IN THE POSITION FOR TRACTOR MOVING IN THE REQUIRED MODE! ATTENTION: TO PROVIDE STEERING OPERATION IN THE REQUIRED DIRECTION OF TRACTOR MOVEMENT, SWITCHING OF REVERSE BOX VALVE SHALL BE CARRIED OUT ONLY WITH THE ENGINE STOPPED IN ORDER TO AVOID HSC FEED PUMP DAMAGE OR HIGH PRESSURE LEAD-IN HOSES AND OIL PIPELINES BREAKAGE! 2.8.3 Steering wheel adjustments The steering wheel has the following adjustments: - horizon tilt angle adjustment; - height adjustment, along steering shaft axis. To change height positioning of the steering wheel proceed as follows: - unscrew the chuck 2 (figure 2.8.2) by 3-5 revolutions; - set the wheel 1 to a position comfortable for work;
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2022.3-0000010 OM - screw in the chuck 2 with max. possible force of hand fingers. The range of the steering wheel height adjustment is 100 mm, stepless. To change the steering column tilt angle do the following: - pull the handle 3. - tilt the steering column to reach the position comfortable for work and releasing the handle 3 swing the steering column smoothly in longitudinal direction until fixed firmly. The steering column can be tilted and fixed in four positions from 25° to 40° with 5° interval. ATTENTION: HAVING FIXED THE STEERING COLUMN IN THE EXTREME FRONT POSITION SET THE GEAR SWITCH LEVER OF THE GEARBOX TO A NEUTRAL POSITION, DISENGAGE GEARS OF THE GEARBOX (SET "0" GEAR), START THE ENGINE AND WITH THE TRACTOR NOT MOVING MAKE SURE THE STEERING CONTROL OPERATES WELL!
1 steering wheel; 2 chuck; 3 handle to fix tilt of the steering column. Figure 2.8.2 Steering wheel adjustment
2.9 Parking brake control Upper position of the lever 23 (figure 2.1.1) parking brake "On"; Lower position of the lever 23 parking brake "Off".
2.10 Handle to kill the engine As you pull the handle of the red color 21 (figure 2.1.1) fuel stops to flow to the engine cylinders and the engine stops running. When released the handle returns to the initial position.
2.11 Handle for fuel feed manual control When the handle 35 (figure 2.1.1) is moved to the extreme front position, fuel is fed to the max, when the handle is moved to the extreme rear position fuel is fed to the min. in accordance with the minimum idle speed.
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2022.3-0000010 OM 2.12 Tractor pedals 2.12.1 Pressing the pedal 24 (figure 2.1.1) disengages the clutch. 2.12.2 Pressing the pedal 26 (figure 2.1.1) brakes the rear left wheel. 2.12.3 Pressing the pedal 27 (figure 2.1.1) brakes the rear right wheel. A joint plate of the brake pedals is intended for simultaneous braking with the right and left brakes. 2.12.4 Pressing the pedal 28 (figure 2.1.1) increases the engine speed.
2.13 Switching of ranges, gears and passes of the gearbox reduction unit 2.13.1 General information
1 lever to switch ranges of gearbox; 2 lever to switch gears and passes of the gearbox reduction unit; 3 diagram of switching gears and passes of the gearbox reduction unit; 4 diagram of switching gearbox ranges; 5 button to engage the lower (L) pass of the gearbox reduction unit; 6 button to engage the higher (H) pass of the gearbox reduction unit; 7 annunciator of the lower pass of the gearbox reduction unit (green color); 8 annunciator of the higher pass of the gearbox reduction unit (red color).
Figure 2.13.1 Gearbox control The required gear is set by means of the lever, shifting gears and passes of the gearbox reduction unit 2 (figure 2.13.1) as per the scheme 3. The required range is set by means of the range shifting lever 1 as per the scheme 4. Pressing the button 5 or 6 on the handle for shifting gears and passes of the reduction unit 2 engages the lower or the upper pass of the gearbox reduction unit, respectively. The annunciators 7 and 8 perform indication of the engaged pass of the reduction unit. Engaging of passes "L" and "H" of the reduction unit is possible only when the gear shifting lever 2 is set into "neutral" position.
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Figure 2.13.2 Velocity diagram for BELARUS-1822.3/1822.3/2022.3 and BELARUS-2022.3 of basic modification
2022.3-0000010 OM 2.13.2 Tractor velocity diagram The table of velocity diagram (figure 2.13.2) for BELARUS-1822.3/1822.3/2022.3 and BELARUS-2022.3 tractor of basic modification on tyres of basic configuration is attached to the cab right window and is shown in figure 2.13.2. The table of velocity diagram for tractor of low-speed variant of reverse modification (2022.3 17/32) on tyres of basic configuration is attached to the cab right window and is shown in figure 2.13.2.
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Figure 2.13.3 velocity diagram for tractor of low-speed variant of reverse modification (2022.3 17/32)
2022.3-0000010 OM 2.14 Control panel for rear axle DL, FDA and FPTO drives. Rear power takeoff control. 2.14.1 General information Elements of control panel of rear axle DL, FDA and FPTO drives (if available against order) are introduced in figure 2.14.1.
) Control panel for DL, FDA (with FPTO not mounted)
b) Control panel for DL, FDA and FPTO (if mounted against order)
1 acoustic signal button; 2 annunciator of FDA drive activation; 3 switch of FDA drive control; 4 annunciator of rear axle DL engagement; 5 switch of rear axle DL control; 6 annunciator of engagement of the reduction unit higher pass; 7 annunciator of engagement of the reduction unit lower pass; 8 annunciator of oil emergency temperature in the tank of the hydraulic lift linkage; 9 button to engage front PTO; 10 annunciator of
FPTO engagement; 11 FPTO control switch. Figure 2.14.1 Control panel for rear axle DL, FDA and FPTO drives 2.14.2 Indication of the engaged pass of the reduction unit After the engine has been started the lower pass of the reduction unit is engaged by default an annunciator 7 "turtle" (figure 2.14.1) lights up on the panel. With the tractor stopped, pressing the button 6 (figure 2.13.1) on the lever handle engages the higher pass of the reduction unit. Hereby the annunciator 7 (figure 2.14.1) "turtle" goes out and the annunciator 6 "hare" lights up. With the tractor stopped pressing the lower button on the lever handle switches back from the higher pass to the lower pass of the reduction unit. The annunciator 6 "hare" goes out and the annunciator 7 "turtle" lights up on the panel. Simultaneously with lighting up of the annunciators 7 and 6 corresponding annunciators on the lever of shifting gears and passes of the reduction unit light up. IT IS FORBIDDEN TO SHIFT REDUCTION UNIT PASSES DURING TRACTOR MOVEMENT!
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2.14.3 Front power take-off shaft control FPTO, if installed against order on "BELARUS-2022.3/2022B.3" tractors, is controlled with a switch 11 (figure 2.14.1) and a button 9. FPTO engagement indication is performed by an annunciator 10. In initial condition the FPTO drive is disengaged by default, the annunciator 10 does not burn. To engage the FPTO after the engine has been started it is required to set the switch 11 into position "Engaged" and press the button 9. After that the annunciator 10 will light up confirming that the FPTO is in engaged condition. To disengage the FPTO it is required to set the switch 11 into position "Disengaged", hereby the annunciator 10 will go out. To engage the FPTO repeatedly, first it is required to set the switch 11 into position "Engaged", then press the button 9. ATTENTION: AS THE ENGINE IS KILLED THE FRONT POWER TAKEOFF SHAFT IS AUTOMATICALLY DISENGAGED. TO ENGAGE THE FPTO AFTER THE ENGINE IS STARTED FOLLOW PROCEDURES ON THE FPTO ENGAGEMENT.
Note Additional information on the FPTO operation rules is given in subsection 4.2.7 "PTO use".
2.14.4 FDA drive control The FDA drive is controlled with a switch 3 (figure 2.14.1). Indication of the FDA drive operation is performed by an annunciator 2. The switch 3 has three fixed positions: - "FDA disengaged" middle position; - "FDA controlled automatically" upper position; - "FDA engaged positively" lower position.
The mode "FDA disengaged" is used for traveling when moving on roads with hard surface when the traveling speed is above 13 km/h in order to avoid increased wear of front wheels.
In position "FDA automatic control" the FDA drive is automatically engaged when the rear wheel skidding limit is exceeded and the tractor moves straightforward. The FDA drive is disengaged automatically as the rear wheel skidding drops below the limit or the guide wheels turn by more than 25 degrees to any side.
The annunciator 2 burns with the FDA drive engaged, and it goes out with the FDA drive disengaged.
The mode "FDA automatic control" shall be used at various field works.
ATTENTION: IN THE MODE OF "FDA AUTOMATIC CONTROL" WITH REAR WHEELS SKIDDING PREVENT FRONT WHEELS FROM TURNING AT ANGLES CLOSE TO 25°, AS IN THIS CONDITION A CONSTANT ANTOMATIC ENGAGEMENT AND DISENGAGEMENT OF FDA WILL TAKE PLACE, AND THIS CAN CREATE ABRUPT DYNAMIC LOADS IN TRANSMISSION AND FDA DRIVE!
If there is a necessity of FDAD positive engagement, irrespective of rear wheel skidding, front wheel turning angle, it is required to set the switch 3 into position "FDA engaged positively". The FDA drive is hereby permanently engaged and the annunciator 2 is on. To disengage the positive mode set the switch 3 into position "FDA disengaged", the annunciator 2 will go out.
ATTENTION: OPERATING ON REVERSE USE ONLY POSITIVE ENGAGEMENT OF FDA!
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ATTENTION: USE ONLY POSITIVE ENGAGEMENT OF FDA WHEN OPERATING THE TRACTOR UNDER BAD TYRE GRIPPING CONDITONS WHEN REAR WHEELS SKID INCLUDING TRACTOR TURNING, TO INSURE SMOOTH ENGAGEMENT OF FDA, FOR THIS DO THE FOLLOWING:
- STOP THE TRACTOR, HAVING DEPRESSED THE CLUTCH PEDAL; - ENGAGE THE FDA IN THE MODE "FDA DRIVE ENGAGED POSITIVELY"; - SMOOTHLY RELEASE THE CLUTCH PEDAL. ATTENTION: AUTOMATIC ENGAGEMENT OF FDA DRIVE, IRRESPECTIVE OF THE SET MODE (INCLUDING THE MODE "FDA DISENGAGED"), TAKES PLACE WHEN PRESSING THE INTERCONNECTED BRAKE PEDALS!
ATTENTION: WHEN OPERATING ON ROADS WITH HARD SURFACE IT IS NECESSARY TO DISENGAGE THE FDA DRIVE IN ORDER TO PREVENT INCREASED WEAR OF FRONT WHEEL TYRES!
ATTENTION: VIOLATION OF RULES FOR USING FDA DRIVE OPERATION MODES MAY RESULT IN BREAKDOWN OF FDA PARTS AND OTHER PARTS OF TRANSMISSION!
IT IS FORBIDDEN TO OPERATE THE TRACTOR WITH FDA DRIVE ENGAGED WHEN THE SPEED OF MOVEMENT IS ABOVE 13 KM/H!
2.14.5 Rear axle differential lock control The rear axle differential lock (DL) is controlled with a switch 5 (figure 2.14.1). Indication of rear axle DL operation is performed by an annunciator 4. The switch 5 has three positions: o "DL disengaged: - middle fixed; o "DL automatic control" upper fixed; o "DL engaged positively" lower non-fixed. To avoid increased wear of the rear wheel tyres and the rear axle differential use the mode "DL engaged" when traveling on roads with hard surface with the travel speed above 13 km/h. The mode "DL automatic control" with guide wheel position corresponding to linear movement, engages the rear axle DL and the annunciator 4 go off. The real axle DL is disengaged automatically when the guide wheels turn to the angle above 13° or when any or both brake pedals are depressed. Herewith the annunciator 4 goes out. The mode "DL automatic control" is disengaged by setting the switch 5 into position "DL disengaged". The annunciator 4 will go out. Use the mode "DL automatic control" when carrying out operations with significant relative skidding of rear wheels. If there is a necessity of rear axle DL positive engagement for short time, irrespective of front wheel turning angle, it is required to push the switch 5 and hold it depressed in position "DL engaged positively". The rear axle DL remains engaged during holding the switch 5 depressed. Simultaneously the annunciator 4 goes off. On releasing the switch 5 the RADL returns to its initial (disengaged) state and the annunciator 4 goes out.
IT IS FORBIDDEN TO OPERATE THE TRACTOR WITH RADL ENGAGED WHEN THE SPEED OF MOVEMENT IS ABOVE 13 KM/H!
IT IS FORBIDDEN TO OPERATE THE TRACTOR WHEN TRAVELLING ON ROADS WITH HARD SURFACE WITH RADL CONSTANTLY ENGAGED!
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2.14.6 Annunciation of emergency oil temperature in the hydraulic lift linkage The annunciator of emergency oil temperature in the hydraulic lift linkage tank 8 (figure 2.14.1) lights up when oil temperature in the hydraulic lift linkage tank exceeds the permissible temperature.
2.14.7 Rear PTO control The handle to engage the rear PTO drive 22 (figure 2.1.1) has two positions: - upper position "PTO drive engaged"; - lower position "PTO drive disengaged". The rear PTO control lever (figure 2.14.2) has two positions: - shifting the lever 2 from the rear extreme position to the front extreme position engages the rear PTO; - shifting the lever from the front extreme position to the rear extreme position disengages the rear PTO. Note The PTO control lever 2 in figure 2.14.2 is set into position "PTO disengaged".
1 instruction shield for rear PTO control; 2 rear PTO control lever. Figure 2.14.2 Rear PTO control lever
In BELARUS-2022.3/2022.3 tractors the shaft for switching modes of the rear PTO drive 38 (figure 3.2.7) is located to the left on the coupling clutch body under the HLL pump.
The rear PTO drive has two operation modes: - standard 540 and 1000 rpm; - economy 770 and 1460 rpm under engine rated speed. Switching between the modes of the rear PTO (standard and economy) shall be carried out only with the engine killed or with the engine min. speed. To do this it is required to loosen a fixing bolt 39 (figure 3.2.7) and turn the shaft 38 until engaged into the clutch, after that tighten the fixing bolt. To engage the standard mode it is necessary to turn the shaft contraclockwise against the stop, to engage the economy mode it is required to turn the shaft clockwise against the stop. In BELARUS-1822.3/1822.3 tractors the rear PTO economy mode and the shaft switching between the modes of the RPTO are missing. Switching between the rear PTO speeds of 540 and 1000 rpm is carried out exclusively by installing the corresponding PTO shaft end extensions, that have respective markings of "540" and "1000". BELARUS-1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3 tractors do not have a special switch between the speeds of 540 and 1000 rpm of the rear PTO.
Note The RPTO operation is controlled over the integrated indicator, as specified in subsection 2.7.2 "Assignment and operation principle of the integrated indicator gauges".
Note Additional information on the RPTO operation rules is given in subsections 4.2.7 "PTO use" and 5.9 "Power takeoff shaft ends".
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2.15 Lift linkage controls 2.15.1 General information on rules of rear lift linkage control The RLL is controlled with the control panel 31 (figure 2.1.1) and remote buttons 4 and 5 (figure 2.15.3). If there are failures in RLL electronic-hydraulic control system a diagnostics annunciator 9 (figure 2.15.1) displays information on the failure and, if necessary, operation of RLL control system is blocked. 2.15.2 RLL control panel RLL control panel, located on a side console in tractor cab, is presented in figure 2.15.1.
1 handle to adjust speed of lowering; 2 handle to select control method; 3 handle to adjust height limit of linkage uplifting; 4 handle to adjust depth of soil tillage; 5 annunciator of linkage uplifting (red color); 6 annunciator of linkage lowering (green color); 7 handle to control RLL; 8 retainer of blocking of RLL control handle; 9 troubleshooting annunciator (red color); 10 button to engage "dampening" mode; 11 annunciator of "dampening" mode activation (orange color).
Figure 2.15.1 RLL control panel
Order of RLL control is the following: - set a method of control depending on operation character using the handle 2 (figure 2.15.1). Turning of handle clockwise against the stop position method of control; contraclockwise against the stop draft control, in between combined control, the combined control is preferential; - set a required height of implement uplifting in transport condition with the handle 3. Turning the handle clockwise against the stop corresponds to max. uplifting, contraclockwise against the stop - to min. uplifting; - set tillage depth with the handle 4. Turning the handle clockwise against the stop corresponds to min. depth, contraclockwise up to "A" position corresponds to max depth; turning of the handle contraclockwise against the stop corresponds to floating position; - lower the linkage moving the handle 7 to a lower fixed position. Then during operation it is required to adjust a trailed implement for optimal operation conditions: - with the handle 2 combination of control means; - with the handle 4 depth of soil tillage. - with the handle 1 speed of RLL lowering and uplifting. Turning of the handle clockwise against the stop corresponds to the max. speed of lowering (uplifting), turning the handle contraclockwise corresponds to min. speed of lowering (uplifting). The handle 7 has four positions: ) middle position disengaged; b) upper position uplift;
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c) lower position lowering (in operation automatic control); d) moving the handle downward (nonfixed) from "" position implement penetration (herewith the automatic control is off); During RLL lowering or penetration the annunciator 6 turns on, and during uplifting the annunciator 5 turns on.
The system automatically limits a frequency of correction under draft control to an average of 2 Hz. In case of intensive heating of oil in hydraulic system it is necessary to reduce frequency of correction by moving the handle 2 towards the position method of control and the handle 1 towards "turtle". In a case of raising ("working out") of the agricultural implement when moving over consolidated soil or ruts, deepen the implement by pressing the handle 7 downwards. After releasing the handle 7 will come back to its fixed position of "lowering". Thus, the agricultural implement returns to the mode of the depth, set up before by the handle 4. The implement is raised by moving the handle 7 into the upper position.
When height adjustment of RLL is carried out during operation, the unnunciators 5 or 6 turn on.
ATTENTION: IN ORDER TO AVOID HLL PUMP FAILURE, IT IS FORBIDDEN TO OPERATE THE TRACTOR IF ANNUNCIATOR 5 DOES NOT GO OUT AFTER THE IMPLEMENT WAS UPLIFTED!
ATTENTION: AT THE EMERGENCY STOP OF THE TRACTOR, IN ORDER TO AVOID FURTHER PENETRATION OF THE AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENT, SHIFT THE HANDLE 7 INTO POSITION "DISENGAGED". AFTER STARTING TO MOVE SHIFT THE HANDLE INTO POSITION "LOWERING" THE IMPLEMENT WILL PENETRATE TO DEPTH, SET UP BEFORE!
It Is required to know the following operation peculiarities of RLL control system: - after the engine was started the diagnostics annunciator 9 lights up, indicating workability and blocking of the control system; - to unblock the system it is necessary to set the handle 7 into operating condition for one time (uplift or lowering). Hereby the diagnostics annunciator 9 goes out. - after the system is unblocked during first engagement automatic speed limitation for the RLL uplift and lowering is provided for safety's sake. Moving the handle 7 into position "Disengaged" and then into position "Uplift" or "Lowering" removes the speed limitation. Apart from the functions described above the RLL electronic control system has a mode "dampening" suppression of oscillations of the agricultural implement in a transport mode. Turn on the "dampening" mode in the following order: - set the handle 7 into "uplift" position herewith the RLL lifts up to the top extreme position and gets automatically deactivated; - push the button "dampening" 10 hereby the RLL moves from the top extreme position down by 3% of the full RLL stroke and the annunciator of "dampening" activation 11 turns on; - then to prevent accidental shifting of the handle 7 during transportation move the blocking retainer 8 to the rotation axis of the handle 7. Hereby the handle 7 will be mechanically blocked in the upper position ("uplift").
To turn off the "dampening" mode press the button 10. The annunciator of "dampening" deactivation will go out, and the RLL will return to its top position. Move the retainer 8 to its initial position.
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2022.3-0000010 OM ATTENTION: THE "DAMPENING" MODE IS ACTIVE ONLY WHEN THE HANDLE 7 IS IN THE "UPLIFT" POSITION! ATTENTION: DURING FIELD WORKS (TILLAGE, CULTIVATION) THE "DAMPENING" MODE SHALL BE TURNED OFF! Your tractor can be equipped with the RLL control console -03 manufactured by "Izmeritel" plant and introduced in figure 2.15.2.
1 handle to control the lift linkage (position 2 uplift; position 3 disengaged; position 4 lowering (in operation automatic control); position 5 mode of implement deepening in case it raises (non-fixed)); 6 detent to lock the lift linkage control handle; 7 handle to adjust depth of soil tillage; 8 handle to adjust height limit of linkage uplifting; 9 handle to select control method; 10 handle to adjust speed of lowering; 11 annunciator of linkage uplifting (red color); 12 annunciator of linkage lowering (green color); 13 troubleshooting annunciator (red color); 14 dampening button; 15 dampening annuncitor (green color); 16 RLL position indicator (green color, upper scale point RLL in max. raised position, lower scale point RLL fully lowered).
Figure 2.15.2 Rear lift linkage control console -03 Note RLL position indicator 16 (figure 2.15.2) is not used on BELARUS1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3 tractors. Rules on using the RLL control console -03 manufactured by "Izmeritel" plant are similar to rules on use of the RLL control console produced by "BOSCH" company, introduced in figure 2.15.1.
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2.15.3 Remote buttons of RLL control system Remote buttons of RLL control are used as a rule for coupling agricultural implements and machines to the rear lift linkage. Uplift and lowering of the rear lift linkage with the remote buttons on rear wheel fenders can be carried out at different control modes the handles 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 (figure 2.15.1) and similar handles of the RLL control console -03 can be left in any position, as the system of control from inside the cab is hereby blocked. To lift the RLL up, press any of the buttons 4 (figure 2.15.3) and hold it depressed. To lower the RLL, press any of the buttons 5 and hold it depressed. For safety's sake the control with the remote buttons is performed with interruption of work. Pressing the uplift button 4 (lowering button 5) and holding it depressed lifts up (lowers) the RLL for 5 sec., then it stops. For further uplifting (lowering) it is necessary to press the corresponding button once again and hold it depressed! Then after the implement has been attached, activation and work with HLL is performed in accordance with subsection 2.15.2.
WARNING: WHEN USING THE REMOTE BUTTONS OF RLL CONTROL DO NOT STAND BETWEEN THE TRACTOR AND ATTACHED IMPLEMENT! TO PREVENT ACCIDENTS IT IS FORBIDDEN TO USE BUTTONS OF MECHANICAL SHIFTING OF ELECTRIC VALVES OF REGULATOR EHR23-LS!
1 RLL remote control console; 2 shield on safety regulations; 3 shield on RLL control diagram; 4 RLL uplift button; 5 RLL lowering button.
Figure 2.15.3 RLL controlled with remote buttons
2.15.4 Troubleshooting of RLL electronic control system The electronic control system, installed on your tractor, has an option of self-testing and whenever failures are detected it provides the operator with code information by means of a troubleshooting annunciator 9 (figure 2.15.1) on RLL control console. After engine start, as specified in subsection 2.15.2, the annunciator 9 is burning continuously if no failures are detected in RLL control system. Moving the handle 7 up or down deactivates the annunciator 9. In case failures are detected in the system after the engine start, the annunciator 9 begins to show code information of the failure. If necessary the system gets blocked. The failure code is displayed as a two-digit number, where the first digit is equal to the number of flashings of the annunciator 9 after the first long pause, and the second digit is equal to the number of flashings after the second long pause. For example, the operation algorithm of the annunciator 9 is the following: - engine start;
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- continuous glowing; - after the system is unblocked the annunciator goes out; - three-time flashing of the annunciator; - long pause (glow missing); - six-time flashing of the annunciator. - long pause (glow missing). It means that the system has a failure with a code "36". If several failures are detected simultaneously the system indicates failure codes one after another dividing them with a long pause. All failures are divided by the system into three groups: complex, medium and light. If complex failures are detected the control is stopped and the system gets deactivated. The system is not controlled either with the control panel or with the remote buttons. The troubleshooting annunciator shows a failure code. After the failure has been eliminated and the engine started the system recovers. With medium failures the control is stopped and the system gets blocked. The system is controlled only with the remote buttons and is not controlled from the main console. The troubleshooting annunciator shows a failure code. After the failure has been eliminated and the engine started the system recovers. With light faults the troubleshooting annunciator shows a fault code, but the system remains controlled and is not blocked. In case of light faults the RLL control system operates improperly there is no correct soil sensing. After the fault has been eliminated the troubleshooting annunciator turns off. In case the system detects a failure relating to any group of complexity the following actions shall be taken: - read the code; - stop the engine; - eliminate the failure in accordance with instructions of subsection 7.13 "Possible failures in electronic control system of RLL and guidelines for troubleshooting"; - start the engine and if there are no faults get down to work. If the RLL control console -03 manufactured by "Izmeritel" plant is installed (troubleshooting annunciator 13 (figure 2.15.2), RLL control handle 1) troubleshooting of the RLL electronic control system is the same.
2.15.5 Front lift linkage control The front lift linkage, installed upon request, is controlled by a handle 2 and 3 (figure 2.16.2) that in their turn control the second and the third sections of the hydraulic valve group, respectively. Note Connection of the FLL control to the first section of the hydraulic valve group, having the fixed position "uplift", is not reasonable, as this section is intended to control the hydraulic units of coupled machines having a hydraulic drive with permanent oil circulation (hydraulic motor).
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2.16 Controlling sections of the HLL valve group (remote cylinders). 2.16.1 HLL pump control The HLL pump is located on the coupling clutch body to the left. The HLL pump switching shaft 1 (figure 2.16.1) has two positions: - "shaft on" the shaft is turned clockwise against the stop; - "shaft off" the shaft is turned contraclockwise against the stop. Before turning the shaft 1 to any of 2 two positions, loosen a bolt 3 by 1,5...2 revolutions and turn the shaft 1 together with a locking plate 2. Tighten the bolt 3.
1 shaft; 2 locking plate; 3 bolt; 4 pressure adjustor in pneumatic system. Figure 2.16.1 HLL pump control
Note The figure 2.16.1 shows the position "HLL pump on". ATTENTION: THE PUMP SHALL BE TURNED ON AND OFF ONLY WITH THE MIN. IDLE SPEED OF THE ENGINE! In case failures in HLL occur that lead to oil leakage out of the hydraulic lift linkage, the pump shall be turned off when moving the tractor to repair facilities.
2.16.2 HLL valve group section control The control handles are located on the right lateral console of the cab. The handles have the following positions: "neutral", "lowering", "floating" and "uplift". The handle 3 (figure 2.16.2) controls a left section of the valve group as viewed along tractor movement (left rear outlets of the hydraulic system). It can be fixed in positions "floating" and "neutral". When set into positions "lowering" and "uplift" the handle shall be held with a hand, when released the handle will automatically return to "neutral" position. The handle 2 controls a middle section of the valve group (middle rear outlets of the hydraulic system). It can be fixed in positions "floating" and "neutral". When set into positions "lowering" and "uplift" the handle shall be held with a hand, when released the handle will automatically return to "neutral" position. The handle 1 controls a right section of the valve group (right rear outlets of the hydraulic system). It can be fixed in positions "floating", "neutral" and "uplift". When set into position "lowering" the handle shall be held with a hand, when released the handle will automatically return to "neutral" position. For the valve group of "BOSCH" company the handle 1 will automatically return from the "uplift" position as the automatic return pressure is reached (17,5 to 19,5 MPa). Your tractor can be equipped with a valve group of the hydraulic unit 70-1523.1 where the handle 1 does not have a mechanism of automatic return from the "uplift" position. In this case as the uplift operation has been carried out, the handle 1 shall be returned to the "neutral" position manually.
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1, 2, 3 handles to control HLL valve group sections; 4 instruction shield with diagram of HLL valve group section control.
Figure 2.16.2 HLL valve group section control Instruction shield with a diagram of HLL valve group outlets connection to outer consumers is attached to the tractor valve group as per figure 2.16.3. The valve group outlets are equipped with fast couplings with color protective covers: red uplift, green lowering.
Figure 2.16.3 Diagram of HLL valve group outlets connection to outer consumers 2.17 Cutout fuses 2.17.1 General information Cutout fuses are intended for protection of electrical lines against overloads and short circuit. WARNING: TO AVOID BURNING OF TRACTOR WIRING NEVER USE FUSES WITH CURRENT RATING HIGHER THAN RATING SPECIFIED IN THIS SECTION. IF A FUSE OFTEN BURNS OUT, FIND OUT THE CAUSE AND ELIMINATE THE FAULT!
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2022.3-0000010 OM 2.17.2 Fuses for electrical equipment system To get access to cutout fuses located in the upper compartment of the cab on the right do a screw 2 out (figure 2.17.1) and remove a cover 3.
1 deflectors, 2 screw; 3 cover, 4 upper shield unit of button switches. Figure 2.17.1 Access to cutout fuses located in the upper compartment of the cab The fuses located in the upper compartment of the cab are shown in fig. 2.17.2.
1 15A cutout for rear lights (a pair of inner lights); 2 7.5A cutout for cab light and "road-train" light (if available); 3 7.5A cutout for rear screen washer and wiper; 4 15A cutout for front working lights (on the roof); 5 25A cutout for rear working lights (a pair of outer lights); 6 25A cutout for air conditioner control system;.
Figure 2.17.2 Cutouts, located in the upper compartment of the cab To get access to cutout fuses located under the dashboard, do a screw 2 out (figure 2.17.3) and remove a cover 3.
1 clutch pedal; 2 screw; 3 panel Figure 2.17.3 Access to cutout fuses located under the dashboard
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2022.3-0000010 OM The cutout fuses located under the dashboard are shown in figure 2.17.4.
1 15A cutout for brake lights; 2 15A cutout for front screen washer and wiper; 3 15A cutout for warning alarm; 4 25A cutout for portable lamp; 5 15A cutout for horn; 6 25A cutout for road light upper beam; 7 7.5A cutout for left marker lights; 8 15A cutout for right marker lights and for dashboard illumination; 9 7.5A cutout for lower beam of left road light; 10 7.5A cutout for lower beam of right road light; 11 7.5A cutout for flasher relay; 12 15A cutout for power supply circuit of instruments and reduction unit control line.
Figure 2.17.4 Cutouts located under the dashboard To get access to cutout fuses, located under on the facing frame, do a screw 2 (figure 2.17.5) out and remove a cover 3.
1 engine, 2 screw; 3 cover; 4 facing frame; 5 25A cutouts for heating plugs Figure 2.17.5 Access to cutout fuses, located on the facing frame
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2022.3-0000010 OM The cutouts, located on the facing frame, are shown in figure 2.17.6.
1 30A cutout for front working lights on the handgrips and for power supply to electrical equipment components, powered when the starter and instrument switch is set to position "instruments on";
2 7.5A cutout for vale of fuel fortifier; 3 30A cutout for power supply to electronic systems of DL, FDA, FPTO and RLL; 4 80A cutout for power supply to electrical equipment components, located on the cab roof; 5 60A cutout for power supply to electrical equipment components, powered when the starter and instrument switch is set to position "off"
Figure 2.17.6 Cutout fuses located on the facing frame The cutout for the voltage converter (VC) 2 (figure 2.17.7) is built into the voltage converter housing.
1 voltage converter; 2 20A cutout for voltage converter. Figure 2.17.7 Assembly of voltage converter with cutout The installation place for the voltage converter is shown in figure 3.17.8.
1 voltage converter; 2 battery manual disconnect switch; 3 battery. Figure 2.17.8 Voltage converter assembly
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2022.3-0000010 OM 2.17.3 Fuses of electronic control systems To get access to cutout fuses of electronic control systems (ECS) remove a screw 3 (figure 2.17.9) on a cover 2 of the side console 1 and open the cover.
1 side console; 2 cover; 3 screw. Figure 2.17.9 Access to ECS cutout fuses Fuses of electronic systems controlling DL, FDA, gearbox reduction unit, FPTO (if available) and RLL are provided in figure 2.17.10.
1 cutout for FDA drive control (7,5 ); 2 cutout for rear axle DL control (7,5 ); 3 cutout for FPTO control (7,5 ); 4 cutout for RLL control (7,5 ); 5 cutout for gearbox reduction unit control (15 ); 6 reserve cutout (7,5 ).
Figure 2.17.10 Cutouts for electronic control system
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2.18 Cab locks and handles 2.18.1 Cab door locks Left and right doors of tractor cab are secured with locks 4 (figure 2.18.1). The lever 5 serves to open the left and right cab doors from inside the cab. Moving the lever 5 backward unlocks the door. The locks of the right and left doors can be blocked from inside the cab. To block the lock from inside the cab it is needed to shift the detent 3 into the upper extreme position. To unblock the lock it is needed to shift the detent 3 into the lower extreme position, respectively. With the lock 4 unblocked the right and the left doors are opened from outside by pushing the button 2 of the handle. If the right door lock is blocked from inside, the right door could not be opened from outside. The lock of the cab left door can be opened and closed from outside. To close it from outside do the following: - insert a key 1 into the hole of the cylinder mechanism, which is located in the button 2; - without pushing the button 2 turn the key into position "closed". To open the left door lock outside the cab, it is necessary to insert the key 1 into the hole of the cylinder mechanism, which is located in the button 2 and without pushing the button 2 turn the key into position "opened", then press the button 2.
1 key; 2 button; 3 detent, 4 lock; 5 lever. Figure 2.18.1 Cab door lock
2.18.2 Side glass opening To open the side glass 1 (figure 2.19.2), right and left, rotate the handle 2 up and push it. Then fix the glass in an opened condition, for this it is necessary to push the handle 2 down. To close the side glass 1 press the handle 2 up, then pull the handle 2, then rotate it down until the side glass is fixed in a closed position.
) side glass closed
b) side glass opened
1 side glass; 2 handle.
Figure 2.18.2 Side glass opening
2.18.3 Rear screen opening To open the rear screen rotate a handle 1 (figure 2.18.3) to the left (along tractor movement) and holding a handgrip 2 push the rear screen 3 until the screen is fixed in an opened position. To close the rear screen pull the handgrip 2 until the screen 3 is fixed in a closed position.
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1 handle; 2 handgrip; 3 rear screen. Figure 2.18.3 Rear screen opening
2.18.4 Cab hatch opening Installation of two hatch variants for cab upper part is possible on tractors BELARUS-1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3: - hatch with a detent; - hatch with a handle. To open the hatch with the detent, pull the board 2 (figure 2.18.4) down, move the detent 3 forward along tractor movement, push the board 2 up until the hatch 1 is fixed in an opened position. To close the hatch 1 pull the board 2 down until the hatch is fixed in a closed position.
1 hatch; 2 board; 3 detent. Figure 2.18.4 Opening of hatch with detent To open the hatch with the handle move the handle 2 (figure 2.18.5) down and push it up. Then fix the hatch 1 in an opened position, pressing the handle 2 to the right along tractor movement. To close the hatch turn the handle 2 to the position "not fixed", pressing it to the left along tractor movement. Pull the handle 2 down, and then turn it to the right along tractor movement until the hatch is fixed in a closed position.
) hatch closed
b) hatch opened
1 hatch; 2 handle.
Figure 2.18.5 Opening of hatch with handle
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2.19 Seat and its adjustments 2.19.1 General information The seat has a mechanical suspension, consisting of two spiral torsion springs and a gas charged shock absorber of bidirectional operation. A "scissors"-type guiding mechanism ensures a strictly vertical movement of the seat. A dynamic seat stroke is 100 mm. ATTENTION: BEFORE STARTING TO OPERATE THE TRACTOR ADJUST THE SEAT TO REACH THE MOST COMFORTABLE POSITION. CARRY OUT ALL ADJUSTMENTS WHEN STAYING IN THE SEAT! THE SEAT IS CONSIDERED CORRECTLY ADJUSTED ACCORDING TO THE MASS IF IT MOVES HALF OF THE STROKE UNDER THE OPERATOR'S WEIGHT (THE SUSPENSION STROKE IS 100 MM)!
2.19.2 Belarus seat adjustments
) Seat BELARUS 80-6800010
b) Seat BELARUS 80-6800000
1 handle to adjust according to the weight; 2 handle for longitudinal adjustment; 3 handwheel to adjust the backrest tilt; 4 lever to adjust the backrest tilt.
Figure 2.19.1 Belarus seat adjustments
The BELARUS seat has the following adjustments: - adjustment according to the operator's weight. It is carried out by means of a handle 1 (figure 2.19.1) within the range from 50 to 120 kg. To adjust the seat for a bigger weight it is required to shift the pawl of the lever 1 into position "A" and tighten the springs with a reciprocal movement. To adjust the seat for a smaller weight it is required to shift the pawl into position "" and release the springs with a reciprocal movement.
- longitudinal adjustment. It is carried out by means of a handle 2 within the range of r 80 mm from the middle position. To move the seat forward-backward it is required to pull the handle 2 up, move the seat and then release the handle. The seat will automatically get fixed in a required position.
- adjustment of the backrest tilt angle. a) For BELARUS 80-6800010 seat the backrest tilt angle is adjusted by means of a handwheel 3 within the range from minus 15° to plus 20°. To increase the backrest tilt angle it is necessary to turn the handwheel clockwise, to decrease it contraclockwise. b) For BELARUS 80-6800000 seat the backrest tilt angle is adjusted by means of a lever 4 within the range from minus 15° to plus 25°. To adjust the backrest tilt angle it is necessary to move the lever 4 up against the stop, tilt the backrest in a required direction to a required angle and release the lever. The backrest will get secured in a set position.
- height adjustment. It is carried out within the range of r 30 mm from the middle position. The seat has three height positions: "lower", "middle" and "upper". To move the seat from the "lower" position to the "middle" position or from the "middle" position to the "upper" one it is required to lift the seat up smoothly till the arresting stop goes off (a specific click is heard). To move the seat from the "upper" position into the "lower" one it is necessary to lift the seat up against the stop with an abrupt movement and let it down. It is impossible to move the seat from the "middle" position to the "lower" one.
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2.19.3 BELARUS seat installation for operation on reverse
on reverse
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on forward motion
1 clamp; 2 jaw; 3 handle; 4 clamp. Figure 2.19.2 Seat installation for operation on reverse
Seat installation for operation on reverse is carried out in the following order: - release clamps 1 (figure 2.19.2) and take them aside, exempting jaws 2 of the upper base of the uplift mechanism; - pulling a handle 3 up, unlatch the rotation mechanism and rotate the seat by 180°; - applying force up and forward, move the seat to the extreme position against the stop; - carry clamps 4 into the jaws 2 and screw them in against the stop; The seat installation for operation on forward motion is carried out in a reverse order. Seat adjustments on reverse are carried out in the same way as on forward motion.
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2022.3-0000010 OM 2.19.4 "Grammer" seat adjustments Against order your tractor may be equipped with "Grammer" seat (figure 2.19.3).
1 handle for longitudinal adjustment; 2 handle to adjust according to the weight; 3 indicator of seat adjustment according to the weight; 4 lever to adjust the backrest tilt.
Figure 2.19.3 "Grammer" seat adjustments The "Grammer" seat has the following adjustments: - adjustment according to the operator's weight. It is carried out by means of a handle 2 (figure 2.19.3) within the range of 50 to 130 kg with weight indication in every 10 kg. To adjust the seat for a bigger weight it is required to turn the handle clockwise and to adjust the seat for a smaller weight contraclockwise. - longitudinal adjustment. It is carried out by means of a handle 1 within the range of r 75 mm from the middle position. To move the seat forward-backward it is required to pull the handle 1 up, move the seat and then release the handle. The seat will automatically get fixed in a required position. - adjustment of the backrest tilt angle. The backrest tilt angle is adjusted by means of a lever 4 within the range of minus 10° to plus 35°. To change the backrest tilt angle it is necessary to raise the lever up against the stop, tilt the backrest in a required direction by a required angle and release the lever. The backrest will automatically get fixed in a set position. - height adjustment. It is carried out within the range of r 30 mm from the middle position. The seat has three height positions: "lower", "middle" and "upper". To move the seat from the "lower" position to the "middle" position or from the "middle" position to the "upper" one it is required to lift the seat up smoothly till the arresting stop goes off (a specific click is heard). To move the seat from the "upper" position into the "lower" one it is necessary to lift the seat up against the stop with an abrupt movement and let it down. It is impossible to move the seat from the "middle" position to the "lower" one.
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2.20 Controlling drive of transmission hydraulic system pump The drive of the transmission hydraulic system pump is located on the left side of the gearbox body. A shaft 1 activating the drive of the transmission hydraulic system pump (figure 2.20.1) has two positions: - "pump on" the shaft is turned contraclockwise against the stop and is set on the detent; - "pump off" the shaft is turned clockwise against the stop and is set on the detent. To turn the shaft 1 to any of two positions, loosen a bolt 2 by 1,5...2 revolutions and turn the shaft 1 together with a plate 3. Tighten the bolt 2.
1 shaft; 2 bolt; 3 plate; 4 cover; 5 gearbox body. Figure 2.20.1 Controlling drive of transmission hydraulic system pump Note The figure 2.20.1 shows position "the transmission hydraulic system pump drive is on". If the cover 4 must be removed when doing maintenance, the shaft 1 shall be set into position "pump off". ATTENTION: TURN THE TRANSMISSION HYDRAULIC SYSTEM PUMP DRIVE ON AND OFF ONLY WITH THE ENGINE NOT RUNNING OR WITH MIN. IDLE SPEED OF THE ENGINE!
2.21 Controlling pneumatic system compressor Handle to turn the pneumatic system compressor 1 on (figure 2.21.2) has two positions: - left (the arrow on the handle is directed forward as viewed along tractor movement) "compressor off", - right (the arrow on the handle is directed backward to tractor cab) "compressor on". ATTENTION: TURN THE PNEUMATIC SYSTEM COMPRESSOR ON AND OFF ONLY WITH THE ENGINE NOT RUNNING OR WITH MIN. IDLE SPEED OF THE ENGINE!
off
on
1 handle to turn the pneumatic system compressor on; 2 pneumatic system compressor; 3 diagram of pneumatic system compressor control.
Figure 2.21.1 Pneumatic system compressor control Note The figure 2.21.1 shows position "pneumatic system compressor off".
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2.22 Connector elements of the electrical equipment 2.22.1 Socket to connect coupled agricultural equipment A standard seven-pin socket with an additional receiver to connect a portable lamp (figure 2.22.1) is intended to connect current consumers of a trailer or trailed agricultural implement. It is mounted on the rear cab support. A male plug of wire harness from a trailer or coupled agricultural implements is connected to the socket.
1 left turn indicator; 2 horn; 3 ground; 4 right turn indicator; 5 right marker light; 6 brake light; 7 left marker light; 8 receiver to connect a portable lamp or other electrical elements with useful current up to 8A.
Figure 2.22.1 assignment of seven-pin socket terminals with an additional receiver to connect a portable lamp.
2.22.2 Connection of additional electrical equipment of coupled machines To control the working process of coupled machines it is assumed to install control equipment (control consoles), which belongs to the coupled machine. Coupled machines are equipped with various electrical and electronic units, the activity of which can influence readings of tractor instruments. Thus, the applied electrical instruments shall have a certificate of electromagnetic compatibility as per international requirements. Connect electrical equipment of coupled machines to the following elements of tractor electrical equipment: 1. Seven-pin socket (type 12N, GOST 9200, figure 2.22.1) permissible input current is not higher than 10A, the electrical circuit is protected by a fuse in tractor electrical equipment:
- "+" to terminal No5 of the socket; - "" to terminal No3 of the socket (it is possible to connect the coupled machine electrical consumer with the parking lights of this machine on). 2. Two-pin socket (ISO 4165:2001), located on the body of the seven-pin socket (figure 2.22.1). - (terminal No8) permissible input current is not higher than 12A, the electrical circuit is protected by a fuse in tractor electrical equipment; 3. Tractor alternator. - "+" to terminal "+" of the alternator (terminal diameter = 8mm). - "" to engine housing.
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2022.3-0000010 OM The following total value of electrical power takeoff to supply coupled machines (with engine speed not less than 1 500 rpm) is stipulated by the tractor design: 1. In dark-time with all lighting on: - not more than 30A, with continuous running duty; - not more than 45A, with repeated short-time running duty with running duration below 15% of total time of tractor running; 2. It is assumed to increase the input power to the following values in day-time with lighting off: - not more than 50, with continuous running duty; - not more than 70A, with repeated short-time running duty with running duration below 15% of total time of tractor running. ATTENTION: THE ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT OF THE COUPLED MACHINE ELETRICAL EQUIPMENT CONNECTED TO THE ALTERNATOR SHALL HAVE FUSES WITH CORRESPONDING RATING!
2.23 Reverse post controls of BELARUS-1822.3/2022.3 BELARUS 1822.3/2022.3 is equipped with a reverse control post with the aim to increase opportunities of coupling with front-mounted agricultural machines. Elements of the reverse control are as follows: - reverse motion steering column with a dosing pump and a reverse valve; - duplicated pedal drives to control the coupling clutch, brakes and fuel feed; - seat reversing mechanism; - additional disconnect switch of rear screen wiper, horn button; - annunciator of emergency modes of engine operation (buzzer). ATTENTION: TRACTOR REVERSE CONTROL POST IS INTENDED ONLY FOR AGRICULTURAL OPERATIONS WHEN MOVING BACKWARDS! IT IS FORBIDDEN TO MOVE ON REVERSE ON PUBLIC ROADS, AND ALSO AT WORKS, NOT RELATED TO AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION! Supplementary controls of the reverse post are mounted at the rear of the cab, their location is shown in figure 2.23.1.
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1 duplicated clutch pedal; 2 additional disconnect switch of the rear screen wiper; 3 reverse steering column; 4 steering wheel; 5 duplicated brake pedal; 6 duplicated fuel feed pedal; 7 horn button; 8 steering column of forward motion.
Figure 2.23.1 Location diagram of reverse post supplementary controls Pressing the pedal 1 (figure 2.23.1) disengages the clutch. Removing the foot from the pedal engages the clutch. The disconnect switch 2 is designed to turn the rear screen wiper on / off. The steering wheel 4 for tractor turning is displaced from the steering column of forward motion 8 to the steering column of reverse motion 3. Pressing the pedal 5 engages both tractor brakes and a pneumatic drive of trailer brakes. Pressing the pedal 6 increases fuel feed. Pressing the button 7, located on control panel for the rear axle DL, FDA and FPTO, activates the horn. To operate the tractor on reverse, perform the following operations: - displace the steering wheel to the steering column of the reverse motion. To do this unscrew the steering wheel fixing clamp, displace the steering wheel and fix it at a required height; - mount the reverse seat to operate on reverse; - set a handle of the reverse valve control in HSC system into the extreme lower position; - push the button 7 (figure 2.9.1) to actuate the electronic foot pedal of engine control mode on reverse; - set the disconnect switch of the rear screen wiper and washer, located on the upper shield unit of button switches, into position "Rear screen wiper on". If necessary turn the rear screen wiper on/off with a supplementary rear screen wiper disconnect switch.
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2022.3-0000010 OM To change a tilt angle of the reverse motion steering column 3 (figure 2.23.1) located on reverse post do the following: - pull the handle 2 up (figure 2.23.2); - tilt the reverse motion steering column 1 to a position comfortable for operation, and releasing the handle 2, swing the steering column smoothly in a longitudinal direction to reach a secure fixation. The steering column can be tilted and fixed in seven positions. Herein: - in five positions from 25° to 45° with a 5° period to operate on reverse; - in two positions from 10° to 15° position to operate the tractor on forward motion.
1 steering column for reverse motion; 2 handle. Figure 2.23.2 Changing tilt angle of the steering column for reverse motion ATTENTION: WITH THE STEERING COLUMN FIXED IN THE EXREME FRONT WORKING CONDITION SET THE RANGE SHIFTING LEVER AS WELL AS THE GEAR AND PASS SHIFTING LEVER INTO A NEUTRAL POSITION, START THE ENGINE AND WITH THE TRACTOR NOT RUNNING MAKE SURE THE STEERING CONTROL OPERATES WELL! 2.24 Fuel tank valve control Fuel is taken into the engine directly from the tank 3 (figure 2.24.1). The valve is intended to shut fuel delivery from the tank 1 to the tank 3. Figure 2.24.1 shows position of the valve 2 handle, whereby fuel is not delivered from the tank 1 to the tank 3. To deliver fuel from the tank 1 to the tank 3 it is required to pull the handle of the valve 2 by 90q.
1 fuel tank, located under the cab; 2 valve handle; 3 lateral fuel tank. Figure 2.24.1 Fuel tank control
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3 DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION OF TRACTOR CONSTITUENTS
3.1 Engine and its systems
3.1.1 Engine
3.1.1.1 General information Note Subsection 3.1.1 "Engine" contains brief information on the engine and its elements. To get full information on the engine mechanism and its elements, it is necessary to buy from your dealer an operator's manual on engine 260 S2 0000100 OM made by "Minsk Motor Works". The engine 260.4 S2 with nominal power 156 kW mounted on tractors "BELARUS2022.3/2022.3" is equipped with a high pressure fuel pump 101i -3707 or 363.1111005-40.04. The engine -260.9 S2 with nominal power 132.5 kW mounted on tractors "BELARUS-1822.3/1822.3" is equipped with a high pressure fuel pump 101i -3708 or 363.1111005-40.09. Other units and systems of the engine -260.4 S2 and -260.9 S2 are unified.
The engine -260.4S2/-260.9S2 is a four-stroke piston six-cylinder internal combustion engine with a row vertical cylinder arrangement, with direct fuel injection and compression ignition.
The main engine assemblies are a cylinder block, cylinder heads, pistons, connector rods, a crankshaft and a flywheel.
To provide high technical-and-economic indexes on the engine -260.4S2/-260.9S2, a turbocharger with a charged air cooler is used.
Using a turbocharger with adjustable charging pressure on the engine -260.4S2/260.9S2 provides not only a reliable start and improved accelerating ability which is provided by increased turning torque values with low values of the crankshaft rate speed, but also a high level of compliance with the requirements to the content of harmful emissions in exhaust gases.
To provide a reliable start in the conditions of low ambient temperature, there are heating plugs in the engine heads and the mounted fluid-oil heat exchanger ensures quick getting of oil optimal temperature in the engine lubricating system and its maintaining on the required level during operation. Engine start is carried out by means of an electric starter causing crankshaft rotation through a flywheel mounted on the crankshaft flange.
The operating principle of the engine -260.4S2/-260.9S2 as well as of other internal combustion engines is conversion of thermal energy of the fuel burning in the operating cylinder, into mechanical energy. Air charge flows into the cylinder through the open inlet valve on the intake stroke while the piston moving down. After closing the inlet valve and the piston moving up, high air compression takes place. In this case air temperature starts to increase rapidly. At the end of compression stroke, fuel is injected into the cylinder under high pressure through the nozzle. In the process of injection, fuel is finely sprayed, mixed with hot air in the cylinder and evaporates forming air-and-fuel mixture.
Mixture ignition while engine operation is carried out as a result of high air compression up to the temperature of mixture self-ignition. To avoid premature ignition, fuel injection starts only at the end of compression stroke.
After burning of fuel-and-air mixture, the expansion process and cleaning of the cylinder from combustion products start through the discharge port.
Agreed opening and closing of inlet valves and discharge ports is controlled by the valve timing gear.
With start of engine operation, a turbocharger comes into action due to using discharge gases energy.
A water pump drive of the engine cooling system is carried out by means of belt-andpulley drive from the pulley wheel mounted on the crankshaft tail, to the pulley wheel mounted on the water pump weld bed. A pneumatic compressor drive and a rotary gear pump drive are carried out by means of a distributing gear tooth gear.
Takeoff of the energy (power) generated by the engine of the car on which it is mounted, for tractor drive is carried out from the flywheel through the clutch.
In the process of operation, the engine provides automatic power control for maintaining constant rpm (set or rated) by means of a rotating speed governor mounted on high pressure fuel pump.
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3.1.1.2 Engine elements The location of main engine elements is shown in figures 3.1.1 and 3.1.2. The diagram of the engine lubricating system is shown in figure 3.1.3.
1 oil crankcase; 2 oil pump; 3 torque vibration damper; 4 crankshaft pulley; 5 fan drive belt; 6 timing gear cover; 7 tensioning pulley; 8 alternator drive belt; 9 fan; 10 water pump; 11 thermostatic regulator housing; 12 piston pin; 1 connector rod, 14 piston; 15 sleeve; 16 cover cap (2 pieces); 17 covers for cylinder heads; 18 cylinder head (2 pieces.), 19 cylinder head gasket; 20 cylinder block; 21 back plate; 22 flywheel; 23 counterweight; 24 cover; 25 crankshaft; 26 piston cooling nozzle; 27 oil receiver.
Figure 3.1.1 Engine in section Cylinder block 20 (figure 3.1.1) is the main engine case-shaped part and is made as a monoblock and is represented as a rigid cast-iron casting. There are six dismountable sleeves 15 installed in the cylinder block bores. Cooling liquid circulates between cylinder block walls 20 and sleeves 15. Cylinder block has a lengthway oil passage from which oil through cross passages is supplied to crankshaft 25 main bearings, and then to cam shaft 1 bearing journals (figure 3.1.2) and nozzles 26 (figure 3.1.1) for cooling down pistons 14. Nozzles for cooling down pistons are mounted in the cylinder block in the upper part of the second, fourth and sixth crankshaft supports. There is a platform on the cylinder block water-distribution passage for mounting a fluid-oil heat-exchanger. Oil supply and oil offtake from the heat-exchanger are carried out through passages in the block. Cylinder block 20 is covered with oil crankcase 1 from below.
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1 cam shaft; 2 pusher; valve; 4 guide bushing; 5 wading rod; turbocharger; 7 rocking arm; 8 rocking arm axle; 9 disk; 10 dowels; 11 inner spring; 12 outer spring; 13 rack; 14 nozzle; 15 fuel pump; 16 pump for manual fuel supply; 17 plug for fuel pump head deaerating; 18 sealing cup; 19 heating plug; 20 starter.
Figure 3.1.2 Engine, front view 68
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Cylinder heads 18 (figure 3.1.1) (one head for three cylinders) are interchangeable. There are inlet and outlet passages in inner cavities of cylinder heads which are covered with valves 3 (figure 3.1.2). To provide heat output, cylinder heads have inner cavities where cooling liquid circulates. Valve seats are inserted into cylinder heads. Nozzles 14 (3 for each cylinder head), racks 13, rocking arms axles 8 with rocking arms 7, covers for cylinder heads 17 (figure 3.1.1) and cover caps 16 which cover the valve mechanism are mounted onto cylinder heads. There are three heating plugs (figure 3.1.2) installed at each cylinder head on the left.
Gasket 19 is mounted between cylinder heads 18 (figure 3.1.1) and cylinder block 20 for the connection thickening.
The main parts of the crank-and-rod mechanism are crankshaft 25 with main and connecting-rod bearings, flywheel 22, pistons 14 with piston rings and pins 12, connecting rods 13. Drive gear of valve timing gear (crankshaft gear) and drive gear of oil pump, drive pulley of oil pump, alternator, air conditioner compressor are mounted with force on the crankshaft front end. To reduce the level of the crankshaft torque vibrations, torque vibration damper 3 is mounted on the pulley hub. Piston 14 is made of aluminum alloy. A combustion chamber is installed in the piston-head. In the upper part of the piston there are three furrows compression rings are mounted into the first two furrows, and an oilscraper ring with an expander is mounted into the third furrow. Piston pin 12 is hollow, axial movement of the pin in the piston pin boss is limited by locking rings. Connecting rod 13 is steel of I section. A bushing is pressed into the connecting rod upper head. In the upper head of the connecting rod and the bushing there is a hole to provide piston pin lubrication. Flywheel 22 is fixed to the crankshaft flange by means of bolts. A steel toothed rim is pressed onto the flywheel.
Valve timing gear consists of gears, cam shaft 1 (figure 3.1.2), inlet and outlet valves and parts for their mounting and drive of pushers 2, wading rods 5, rocking arms 7, adjusting screws with nuts, disks 9, dowels 10, springs 11 and 12, racks 13 and rocking arms axles 8. A cam shaft is four-support, gets rotation from the crankshaft through timing gears located under cover 6 (figure 3.1.1). Valve timing gear jaw members are made with a slight taper due to which pushers perform circular movements during the operation process.
The engine lubricating system is combined: some parts are lubricated under pressure, some by spattering. Bearings of the cam and crankshafts, the idle gear bushing, rocking arms bushings, crankshaft rod bearings of the pneumatic compressor, the turbocharger shaft bearing are lubricated under pressure from oil pump. Sleeves, pistons, piston pins, wading rods, pushers, the cam shaft jaw members and the fuel pump parts are lubricated by spattering. The lubricating system consists of oil pump of gear type 3 (figure 3.1.3), oil filter with paper filter cartridge 4, centrifugal oil filter 7, fluid-oil heat exchanger 6.
There is overflow valve 5 in the oil pump adjusted for pressure from 0.7 to 0.75 MPa. If the pressure increases above the specified value, oil bleeds off from the decreasing space to the increasing space. The adjustment is carried out at the stand by means of adjusting washers. The oil pump through oil receiver 2 takes oil from oil crankcase 1 and through passages in the cylinder block supplies it to the full-flow oil filter with a paper filter cartridge, and the part of oil to the centrifugal oil filter for cleaning and succeeding discharge to the oil crankcase.
Non-adjustable safety valve 18 is built into filter 4 housing. It is intended for maintaining oil pressure in the main oil passage from 0.28 to 0.45 MPa. In case oil pressure exceeds 0.45 MPa, the safety valve opens and excess oil drains to the engine crankcase through the safety valve. Oil cleaned in oil filter 4 is supplied to the fluid-oil heat-exchanger which is built in the engine cylinder block. An oil filter cartridge has overflow valve 20. In case of paper filter cartridge excessive clogging or while starting the engine with cold oil when filter cartridge resistance increases over 0.13 to 0.17 MPa, the overflow valve opens and oil is supplied to the oil passage without entering filter paper. The overflow valve is non-adjustable.
Cooled oil is supplied from the fluid-oil heat-exchanger through passages in the cylinder block to the main oil passage from which it is supplied through passages in the cylin-
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2022.3-0000010 OM der block to all engine units and parts which require lubrication in accordance with the diagram of the engine lubricating system in figure 3.1.3.
Oil is supplied to turbocharger 15 bearing unit through the tube which is connected at the output of the oil filter with paper filter cartridge.
1 oil crankcase; 2 oil receiver; 3 oil pump; 4 paper oil filter; 5 overflow valve; 6 fluid-oil heat-exchanger; 7 centrifugal oil filter; 8 oil pressure indicator; 9 sensor of oil emergency pressure; 10 nozzles for cooling down pistons; 11 crankshaft; 12 cam shaft; 13 oil passage of rocking arms axles; 14 idle gear; 15 turbocharger; 16 air compressor; 17 high pressure fuel pump; 18 safety valve; 19 plug for oil drain; 20 overflow valve of paper oil cartridge.
Figure 3.1.3 Diagram of the engine lubricating system The engine feed system consists of the included into the engine package fuel pump 15 (figure 3.1.2), nozzles 14, low pressure pipes, high pressure fuel lines, inlet manifold, outlet manifold, turbocharger 6, coarse fuel filter 2 (figure 6.4.12), fine fuel filter 1 (figure 6.4.29) and also contains an air cleaner, fuel tanks, charged air cooler and a muffler mounted by MTW. High pressure fuel pump (HPFP) has a block construction consisting of six injection units in one housing, having plunger tappet drive and a spool-type dosing of cyclic fuel supply. HPFP is intended to supply measured amounts of fuel under high pressure to the engine cylinder combustion chambers at the specific time. Fuel pump camshaft drive is carried out from the engine crankshaft through timing gears. The fuel pump is combined into one device with an all-speed governor having a fuel supply corrector, an automatic fuel supply fortifier at startup rounds, a pneumatic smoking limiter and a fuel priming pump of piston type. High pressure fuel pumps PP6M10li manufactured by "Motorpal" plant are equipped with the startup solenoid which provides fuel supply increase while starting the engine. Priming pump 16 (figure 3.1.2) is mounted on the HPFP housing.
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Nozzle 14 is intended for fuel injection into the engine cylinder. It provides the required fuel spraying and limits the beginning and end of fuel supply.
Coarse-mesh filter serves for preliminary fuel purification from mechanical impurities and water. Fine filter serves for final fuel purification. While passing through shutters of the changeable paper filter cartridge, fuel is cleaned from impurities.
Air inlet pipe includes an air cleaner (see subsection 3.1.2 "System of engine air cleaning") and branch pipes connecting the air cleaner with the turbocharger, charged air cooler (see subsection 3.1.3 "System of charged air cooling") and the inlet manifold. Under the influence of depression created by the engine turbocharger, air is cleaned from dust passing through the air cleaner, and is supplied to the turbocharger discharge chamber from which it is supplied under pressure through the charged air cooler to the engine cylinders.
Cooling system is of closed type, with forced circulation of cooling liquid from the centrifugal pump. Water pump 10 (figure 3.1.1) starts rotational movements under the influence of cone belt from crankshaft 4 pulley. Two thermostatic regulators are mounted at the delivery line in the housing of thermostatic regulators 11, and serve for speeding up of the engine warm-up after startup and automatic adjustment of temperature mode at different loads and ambient temperatures.
Fan 9 of the cooling system is mounted on the shaft of water pump 10. An adjustable turbocharger using the energy of exhaust gases to boost air charging into the engine cylinders, is mounted onto engine -260.4S2 / -260.9S2. The principle of the turbocharger operation is that exhaust gases from the engine cylinders go under pressure through the outlet manifold to the turbine scroll passages. While expanding gases move the turbine wheel with the shaft, at the other end of which compressor wheel intakes air through the air cleaner and supplies it under pressure to the engine cylinders. Rotor speed, charged air supply and pressure depend on the engine operation mode. Charging adjustment is carried out by blowing-off part of exhaust gases past the turbine wheel while exceeding charging pressure of the specific value. Overflow valve is built into the turbine housing of adjustable turbocharger 6 (figure 3.1.2). The overflow valve lever is connected by means of adjustable rod with the actuating mechanism which is linked by means of the air pipeline with the compressor outlet. Regulator adjustment for specific pressure is carried out by the rod length adjustment. Changing of the rod length of the turbocharger actuating mechanism during the operation process is not allowed! The device of the engine startup consists of electric starter 20 with rated voltage of 24V. The starter is a direct current motor with compound excitation having an electromagnetic relay and the drive mechanism. To provide startup at low ambient temperature all engines are equipped with heating plugs 19 with rated voltage of 23V. Alternator serves for AB recharge and also for direct current supply to all electric energy consumers mounted on the tractor. Alternator drive is carried out by means of the cone belt from the crankshaft pulley. The alternator is mounted on the engine right side above the HSC operating pump. To provide the trailer pneumatic brakes drive and tire inflation, tractor engine is equipped with the piston single-stage pneumatic compressor of air cooling. The compressor is mounted on the distributor cap flange and has a drive from the compressor drive gear of the distribution mechanism. To provide HSC operation, a gear-type pump is mounted on the engine. The pump starts rotating under the influence of the drive from engine timing gears. The HSC operating pump is mounted on the right side of the engine, under the alternator.
3.1.2 System of engine air cleaning
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2022.3-0000010 OM The "BELARUS-1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3" tractor has an air purifier of "Donaldson" company FPG100318 of dry type using one paper filtering element P781039. This air purifier has two stages of cleaning: - preliminary inertia air cleaning (in-built cyclone). It is carried out inside the air purifier at the cost of tangential intake and centrifugal forces, emerging by air spiral rotation with relation to the axis of the case 1 (figure 3.1.4) of the air purifier. Dust is discharged through a rubber valve 5, mounted on the cover 4 of the air purifier, as the engine is stopped and started, at the cost of excess pressure, emerging inside the air purifier; - dry cleaning with a main filtering element 6. Air is fed through the air intake 3. Air is delivered to the turbocharger through the air pipeline by means of a delivery pipe 2.
1 case; 2 delivery pipe; 3 air intake; 4 cover; 5 rubber valve; 6 main filtering element (MFE).
Figure 3.1.4 Air purifier To indicate the air cleaner impurity there is a pilot lamp, located in the pilot lamp unit of the instrument dashboard. An electronic sensor of air cleaner impurity is mounted in the area of air delivery pipeline and responses as discharging reaches 7 kPa.
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2022.3-0000010 OM 3.1.3 System of charged air cooling Intermediate cooling of charged air is a means, increasing density of air charge, coming to engine cylinders, thus enabling more effective burning of a bigger amount of fuel in the cylinders and as a result ensuring increase of power with decrease of specific fuel consumption. An air-cooled cooling system is used in the engine, with a plate-fin air cooler (radiator) 5 (figure 3.1.5). The charged-air cooler 5 is mounted in front of the water radiator and is linked to the turbocharger and engine intake manifold through the system of air pipelines 3 and pipes 2, 4, joined by clamps 1. The CAC is an air heat exchanger, consisting of a core as finned aluminum pipes, tanks and connection tubes. Air is delivered to the CAC from the turbocharger, cooled inside it to improve power-efficient and ecological parameters of the engine and further comes to the engine air intake.
1 clamps; 2 heat-resistant silicone pipes; 3 air pipelines; 4 pipe; 5 charged air cooler;
Figure 3.1.5 Charged air cooling system
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2022.3-0000010 OM 3.1.4 Engine cooling system The system of engine cooling is a liquid closed-type, with forced coolant circulation from a centrifugal pump, two thermostats and a deaerating-compensation circuit. It includes a cooling jacket, a water pump, a radiator with an in-built deaeration system, a fan, an expansion tank, connection hoses, clamps, drain plugs, a plug of the expansion tank with steam and air valves. The engine thermal mode is controlled by a thermostat. The cooling system radiator is a ribbed-tube type. The operating range of the cooling system is 80 to 98°C. A short-time (up to 10 min.) increase of temperature to 100°C is allowed. Coolant temperature is controlled on the coolant temperature indicator and a pilot lamp of the engine coolant emergency temperature on dashboard. The pilot lamp of the engine coolant emergency temperature goes off within the temperature range 102 to 109°C. Information on the parameters mentioned is transmitted to master instruments via CAN cable from the electronic unit of engine control, that handles signals from sensors. Installation of elements of the engine cooling system is introduced in figure 3.1.6.
Arc to attach air purifier filter
1 tie-rod; 2 upper compactor; 3 side compactor; 4 radiator; 5 fan case; 6 deaeration tube; 7 pipe from engine water pump to water radiator; 8 feeding tube; 9 expansion tank; 10 expansion tank plug; 11 drain plug or tap; 12 pipe from water radiator to engine; 13 fan.
Figure 3.1.6 Installation of elements of engine cooling system 74
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2022.3-0000010 OM 3.2 Coupling 3.2.1 Coupling clutch A dry-friction double-disk spring-loaded coupling clutch is mounted on the engine flywheel 1 (figure 3.2.1). The clutch driving part is a flywheel 1, a pressure plate 3 and a center plate 2, having three tenons on outer surfaces, which intrude into special mortises of the flywheel 1. The clutch driven part consists of two driven plates 24 with torque vibration dampers 9, mounted on the heavy-duty shaft 7. Nine springs 22 provide for a required compression force of friction surfaces of driving and driven clutch parts. An elastic element is installed between a bushing 8, linked with a shaft to drive PTO 4, and a back plate 12. The center plate 2 has leverage mechanisms 11, providing for positioning the plate 2 on the equal distance from the friction surfaces of the flywheel 1 and the pressure plate 3 as the clutch is engaged. The release levers 10 rest on the forks 13 fixed on the back plate by means of adjusting nuts 15, locked by the washers 14. The coupling is engaged and disengaged by a shifter 17 with a throw-out bearing 16, moving on the bracket 18. A fork 19 of the shifter with a shaft 20 are linked with a clutch pedal through a hydrostatic drive. The throw-out bearing 16 is lubricated through a compression grease cup, screwed into the shifter pin. The grease cup is located on the clutch body left side. To have access to it, screw out the plug.
1 flywheel; 2 center plate; 3 pressure plate; 4 shaft to drive PTO; 5 hub; 6 bearing; 7 heavy-duty shaft, 8 bushing; 9 torque vibration damper; 10 release lever; 11 leverage mechanism; 12 back plate; 13 fork; 14 washer; 15 adjusting nut; 16 throw-out bearing; 17 shifter; 18 shifter bracket; 19 throw-out fork; 20 control shaft; 21 cage; 22 pres-
sure spring; 23 insulating washer; 24 driven disk. Figure 3.2.1 Coupling clutch
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2022.3-0000010 OM 3.2.2 Peculiarities of clutch installation, dismantling and adjustment
Workholder
3.2.2.1 General information 1 flywheel; 2 driven disk; 3 center plate; 4 pressure plate; 5 bushing; 6 release lever; 7 back plate; 8 fork; 9 adjusting nut; 10 lock plate; 11 cage; 12 pressure spring; 13 insulating washer; 14 bushing.
Figure 3.2.2 Installation, dismantling and adjustment of clutch release levers
Figure 3.2.3 Workholder 76
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3.2.2.2 Clutch dismantling Clutch is dismantled after the engine has been detached from the transmission in the following order: - mount three manufacturing bolts (M12x40), having screwed them into the pressure disk 4 (figure 3.2.2) through the manufacturing orifices of the back plate 7; - unscrew the nuts attaching the back plate to the flywheel and remove the clutch plate assembly (the back plate 7 together with the pressure plate 4); - remove the first driven disk 2; - remove the center plate 3; - remove the second driven disk 2.
ATTENTION: BEFORE STARTING TO DISMANTLE THE CLUTCH IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT YOU MAKE MARKS, IDENTIFYING MUTUAL ARRANGEMENT OF THE FLYWHEEL 1, THE CENTER PLATE 3 AND THE CLUTCH PLATE ASSEMBLY (THE BACK PLATE 7 TOGETHER WITH THE PRESSURE PLATE 4). ASSEMBLE THE CLUTCH IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE MARKS!
3.2.2.3 Clutch installation The clutch is installed in the following order: - mount a splined workholder in the bearing of the flywheel; - mount the first driven disk 2 (figure 3.2.2) on the workholder with the hub long end facing the flywheel 1; - mount the center plate 3 in the slots of the flywheel; - mount the second driven disk 2 on the workholder with the hub short end facing the flywheel;
- mount the clutch plate assembly (the back plate 7 with the pressure plate 4) on the flywheel pins with the bushings 14, fix with the nuts and unscrew the manufacturing bolts.
- adjust the position of the release levers 6.
3.2.2.4 Adjustment of clutch release levers - screwing the adjusting nuts 9 in or out (figure 3.2.2), adjust the position of the release levers for the dimension of (14±0,5) from the lever mounting surfaces to the face of the back plate hub. The dimensional difference for some levers shall not exceed 0,3 mm. - after adjustment mount the lock plates 10; - remove the workholder.
3.2.3 Clutch drive
The clutch drive is intended to control the coupling clutch. The clutch drive type is hydrostatic with a suspended pedal, with a hydraulic booster.
In BELARUS-1822.3/2022.3 tractors the clutch is controlled from the main control post, in BELARUS-1822.3/2022.3 from the main as well as from the reverse control posts.
The drive consists of the following basic components: a main cylinder for forward travel 11 (figure 3.2.6), a main cylinder for reverse 23 (for BELARUS-1822.3/2022.3 tractors); a suspended pedal for forward travel 7; a suspended pedal for reverse 24 (for BELARUS-1822.3/2022.3 tractors); an elbow fitting 45 (BELARUS-1822.3/2022.3 tractors have a tap 28 mounted instead of the elbow fitting 45, which is intended for automatic switching from tractor operation mode on forward travel to reverse mode and viceversa); an operating cylinder 34; a hydraulic booster 37; a lever 44; a tank 1; connecting pipelines and hoses.
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2022.3-0000010 OM The hydraulic booster 37 of a non-circulation type is intended to reduce force applied to pedals 7 and 24 in the course of clutch disengagement. The hydraulic booster is connected with a transmission hydraulic system pump by means of a hose 15, and by means of a hose 12 with drain to the clutch housing. When pressing the pedal 7 in BELARUS- 1822.3/2022.3 tractors, the braking fluid is delivered from the main cylinder 11 through the pipeline 29, the elbow fitting 45, the pipeline 27 to the operating cylinder 34, moving a rod 35. The rod 35 works on a pusher 36 of the hydraulic booster 37, as a result the hydraulic booster 37 goes off and moves out a piston and a pull bar 39, rotating a lever 44, linked with a clutch shifter through a shaft, resulting in engine detachment from the transmission. When pressing the pedal 7 on forward travel of BELARUS-1822.3/2022.3 tractors, the braking fluid is delivered from the main cylinder 11 through the pipeline 29 to the tap 28. In the tap 28 the piston moves to the extreme right position and shuts the entry of the pipeline 25. Then the braking fluid is delivered through the pipeline 27 to the operating cylinder 34, moving a rod 35. The rod 35 works on a pusher 36 of the hydraulic booster 37, as a result the hydraulic booster 37 goes off and moves out a piston and a pull bar 39, rotating a lever 44, linked with a clutch shifter through a shaft, resulting in engine detachment from the transmission. When pressing the pedal 24 on reverse the braking fluid is delivered from the main cylinder 23 through the pipeline 25 to the tap 28. In the tap 28 the piston moves to the extreme left position and shuts the entry of the pipeline 29. Then the braking fluid is delivered through the pipeline 27 to the operating cylinder 34, acting in a way described above.
1 compaction ring, 2 cuff; 3 piston; compensation port. Figure 3.2.4 Main cylinder for forward travel
1 compaction ring, 2 piston; 3 cuff; compensation port. Figure 3.2.5 Main cylinder for reverse (Belarus- 1822.3/2022.3)
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a) BELARUS-2022B.3 clutch control
b) BELARUS-2022.3 clutch control (components included into a section "I" are not mounted on BELARUS-2022.3)
1 tank; 2, 40 spring; 3, 21 bolt; 4, 8, 18, 31, 41 nut; 5, 19, 42 fork; 6, 14, 20, 43 pin; 7, 24 pedal; 9, 16, 36 pusher; 10, 26 piston; 11 main cylinder for forward travel; 12 hose; 13 plate; 15, 25, 27, 29 pipeline; 17 boot; 23 main cylinder for reverse; 28 tap; 30 rest; 32 protective cap; 33 overflow valve; 34 operating cylinder; 35 rod; 37 hydraulic booster; 38 bracket; 39 pull bar; 44 lever, 45 elbow fitting.
Figure 3.2.6 Clutch control
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3.2.4 Clutch control adjustment
3.2.4.1 Clutch control adjustment The clutch control is adjusted in the following order: 1. Adjusting a clearance gap "B" (figure 3.2.6) between the piston 10 and the pusher 9 of the main cylinder 11: - set the pedal 7 keeping to "" dimension by means of the bolt 3, tighten the nut 4; - screw the pusher 9 into the fork 5; - screwing the fork 5 in and out achieve the dimension "", defined as moving of the pedal 7 from the initial position to touching of the piston 10 by the pusher 9, measured at the center of the pedal casing; - tighten the nut 8 and forelock the pin 6.
2. Adjusting a clearance gap "" between the piston and the pusher 16 of the main cylinder 23 (BELARUS-1822.3/2022.3 :
- remove the casing 17 from the cylinder 23; - unlock the fork 19; - screw the pusher 16 into the fork 19, keeping to the dimension "K", tighten the nut 18; - screwing the bolt 21 in and out achieve the dimension "E", defined as moving of the pedal 24 from the initial position to touching of the piston by the pusher 16, measured at the center of the pedal casing; - tighten the nut 22, mount the casing 17; 3. Adjusting of a clearance gap "" between the rod 35 of the operating cylinder 34 and the pusher 36 of the hydraulic booster 37: - remove the operating cylinder 34 from the plate 13 by taking the pin 14 out; - set the rod 35 of the operating cylinder 34 into the extreme right position until the it stops against the cover; - set the operating cylinder 34 so that it lightly touches the pusher 26 of the hydraulic booster 27 and turning the rest 30 in or out bring the orifices of the rest and the plate 13 in coincidence, after that screw the rest 30 in by half-turn and mount the pin 14; - tighten the nut 31 and forelock the pin 14; Adjusting a clearance gap between the release bearing and the release levers of the clutch: - detach the pull bar 39 from the lever 34, having taken the pin 43 out; - unlock the fork 32; - turn the lever 34 contraclockwise until the release bearing stops against the release levers, and turning the fork 42 bring the orifices of the lever and the fork into coincidence, after that screw the fork in by 5...5,5 rev. (dimension M) and connect with the lever by means of the pin 43; - tighten the nut 41, forelock the pin 43. 5. Bleed the hydraulic system of clutch control in accordance with clause 3.2.4.2 of this manual.
3.2.4.2 Bleeding of the hydraulic system of clutch control Before bleeding fill in the tank 1 (figure 3.2.6) of the master cylinder 11 and the compensation chamber of the master cylinder 23 (for "BELARUS-1822B.3/2022B.3") with brake fluid. Then bleed the clutch control hydraulics for forward travel and for reverse in "BELARUS-1822B.3/2022B.3" tractors:
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1. Bleeding of the hydraulic system on forward motion: - fill the tank 1 with braking fluid up to "MAX" mark; - remove a protective cap 32 off the operating cylinder 34 and put a rubber hose on the head of the relief valve 33, immersing it in a container with braking fluid; - depress the clutch pedal for several times; - holding it depressed, unscrew the relief valve 33 by a quarter of a turn, relieving the braking fluid surplus with air bubbles to the container with the braking fluid; - screw the relief valve 33 in and release the clutch pedal; - bleed the system until air bubbles fully disappear in the braking fluid relieved; - remove the hose and put on the protective cap 32; - check the braking fluid level in the tank 1 and add, if necessary. ATTENTION: BLEEDING THE HYDRAULIC SYSTEM OF CLUTCH OPERATING CONTROL ON FORWARD MOTION, WATCH THE BRAKING FLUID LEVEL IN THE TANK 1 TO STAY BETWEEN "MIN" AND "MAX" MARKS! 2. Bleeding of the hydraulic system in reverse mode (for BELARUS1822.3/2022.3): - remove the casing 17 of the main cylinder 23; - check the braking fluid level in the balance chamber of the main cylinder 23, that must not go below the dimension "" from the top edge of the balance chamber; - the order of the hydraulic system bleeding is identical to the one on forward motion. ATTENTION: BLEEDING THE HYDRAULIC SYSTEM OF CLUTCH OPERATING CONTROL ON REVERSE, WATCH THE BRAKING FLUID LEVEL IN THE BALANCE CHAMBER OF THE MAIN CYLINDER 23 NOT TO GO BELOW THE DIMENSION "" FROM THE TOP EDGE OF THE BALANCE CHAMBER! Check bleeding of the hydraulic system on forward motion as per clause 1.
3.2.4.3 Clutch check for purity of disengagement
After the above stated adjustments on clutch control have been carried out, it is required to check the clutch for purity of disengagement, for this purpose do the following:
- engage the parking brake; - start the engine and set the engine speed to (1400±100) rpm; - fully depress the clutch pedal and not earlier than after five seconds engage the GB gears, which shall be "pure", i.e. without additional sounds and rasp. In case there are additional sounds and rasp, it is needed to carry out a check and, if necessary, make repeated adjustments, listed in clause 3.2.4.1. With the clutch pedal 7 fully depressed (figure 3.2.6) the lever 44 movement with the radius 105 mm shall make not less than the dimension "H".
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2022.3-0000010 OM 3.2.5 Clutch case In the clutch case 10 (figure 3.2.7) a drive of a dual-speed continuous rear PTO as well as a drive of oil pumps for HLL and hydraulic system transmission are located. A driving shaft 7 of the continuous PTO drive has a toothed rim, which is in constant mesh with a gear 24, and splines, on which a gear 12 is mounted. This gear engages a gear 20 of oil pump drive, and a lock ring prevents it from axial movement. The driving shaft rotates in a roller bearing 6, mounted by means of a gasket 5 and a collar in a shifter bracket 2, which is attached to the clutch case 10 by way of threaded bolts 3 through a gasket 4. Inside the shaft 7 there is a heavy-duty a shaft 1, which transfers torque to the gearbox input shaft through a splined bushing 13. The gear 12 is mounted on the case 10 through a ball bearing 11, which is prevented from axial movement by mounting a strap 8 and bolts 9. Switching between the rear PTO modes (standard and economy) is effected by a toothed clutch 23, a lever 22 and a switching shaft 38, having flattened surfaces for the wrench. To switch between the modes it is required to loosen a securing bolt 39 and turn the shaft 38 until the clutch is engaged, after that tighten the securing bolt. To switch the standard mode it is required to turn the shaft contraclockwise until it stops, to switch the economy mode it is needed to turn the shaft clockwise until it stops. The HLL oil pump is driven through the gears 12 and 32, and the transmission hydraulic system drive through the gears 12, 32 and shafts 31, 37. The driven gears 20, 24 are mounted through roller bearings 14 on a driven shaft 16 of the continuous PTO drive. The gear is prevented from axial movement by mounting a washer 15 and a lock ring on the shaft 16. The clutch engagement shifter is controlled by means of a fork 30, secured by a bolt 29. The BELARUS-1822.3/1822.3 transmission has the clutch case with a drive for a single-speed continuous rear PTO for RPTO operation in a standard mode. In this connection the clutch case has its own design peculiarities: on splines of the shaft 16 (figure 3.2.7) there is only one gear 24, which is secured by the lock ring. The gear 20 as well as the parts for the rear PTO switching such as the clutch 23, the lever 22, the shaft 38 are not mounted. The clutch case has no orifice for the shaft 38 installation.
1 heavy-duty shaft; 2 shifter bracket; 3, 26 threaded bolts; 4, 5, 17, 25, 34 gaskets; 6,11, 14, 27, 35 bearings; 7 driving shaft; 8 strap; 9, 18, 39 bolts; 10 clutch case; 12, 20, 24, 37 gear; 13 splined bushing; 15 washer; 16 driven shaft; 19, 33 cover; 21 securing bolt and wire; 22 lever; 23 toothed clutch; 28 lock ring; 29 securing bolt; 30 fork; 31 shaft-gear; 32 pump drive gear; 36 nut; 38 shaft. Figure 3.2.7 Coupling clutch case assembly
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2022.3-0000010 OM 3.3 Gearbox 3.3.1 General information The gearbox is mechanical, fixed-ratio with constant-mesh gears, range-type (four ranges for forward travel and two ranges for the reverse), six speeds within each range are shifted by means of synchronizers. The gearbox provides 24 speeds for forward travel and 12 speeds for the reverse, and also FDA drive. The gearbox layout is introduced in figure 3.3.1. ATTENTION: OIL LEVEL IN THE TRANSMISSION SHALL ALWAYS STAY AT THE MARK "" ±5 MM WHEN CHECKED OVER THE OIL-LEVEL GLASS. TO ENSURE NORMAL OPERATION OF THE GEARBOX AND THE COUPLING CLUTCH IT IS NECESSARY TO WATCH THE VALUE OF OIL OPERATING PRESSURE IN THE TRANSMISSION!
Figure 3.3.1 Gearbox layout (cuts and are shown in figure 3.3.2) 83
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2022.3-0000010 OM Main gearbox elements: - gearbox case; - speed group; - shaft of low speeds and reverse travel; - gear train; - secondary shaft; - control mechanism; - FDA drive shaft; - rear PTO shaft; - creeper drive gear; - hydraulic system (technical description is given in subsection 3.10 "Transmission hydraulic system").
Figure 3.3.2 (first part) Gearbox 84
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1 case of control mechanism; 2 throttle; 3, 30, 67, 111 fork; 4, 76, 68, 112, 120, 122, 124 bolt; 5, 7, 24, 40, 57, 63, 72, 82, 97, 100, 103, 106, 119 bushing; 6, 8, 9, 22, 23, 25, 33, 34, 35, 38, 39, 41, 56, 59, 62, 66, 71, 83, 88, 101 gear; 10, 29 tapered bearing; 11 adjusting washer; 12 secondary shaft; 13, 21, 36, 55, 61, 64, 70, 85, 104 needle bearing; 14, 37, 58, 69 synchronizer; 15, 46, 52, 109 roller bearing; 16, 42, 78, 95, 117 shaft; 17, 31, 45, 49, 75, 79, 94, 107 nut; 18, 80, 87, 99, 105, 128 lock ring; 19 threaded bolt; 20, 73, 108 washer; 26, 74, 81, 86, 93 roller bearing; 27, 115, 121, 123, 125, 126, 127 carrier; 28, 84 clutch; 32 spherical bearing; 43, 50, 53, 92, 96 cage; 44 PTO drive shaft; 47 dowel pin; 48 primary shaft; 51 angle piece; 54 gearbox case; 60, 91 gasket; 65 fork housing; 68 adjusting screws; 77 strap; 89, 102 ring; 90 cover; 98 creeper drive gear; 110 FDA friction coupling; 113 guide piece; 114 spring; 116 locking ball; 118 half-clutch; 129 plate; 130 center pin; 131 seal ring.
Figure 3.3.2 (second part) Gearbox 85
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The speed group consists of the primary shaft 48 (figure 3.3.2), on which the driving gears 56, 59, 66, 71 of the fifth, the sixth, the third and the fourth speed respectively are mounted on the needle bearings 55, 61, 64, 70. The toothed rim of the shaft 48 is the first speed, and the gear 62 is the second speed. Single-cone synchronizers that are controlled through forks, carriers and levers from the tractor cab are mounted on splines of the shaft 48. The synchronizer 58 provides for engagement of the fifth and the sixth speeds, the synchronizer 37 on the shaft 42 provides for engagement of the first and the second speeds. The primary shaft is mounted in the block of the roller bearing 74 in the gearbox case on the one side and the ball bearing 52 in the cage 53 on the other side. The axial movement of the parts on the shaft is prevented by mounting splined nuts 49, 75 on both sides of the shaft with their further locking. In the inner bore of the primary shaft 48 the throttle 2 is mounted, which also intrudes into the bore in the secondary shaft 12 and serves to supply lubricant over the bores from one shaft to the other.
The driven gears 41, 39, 34, 33 are mounted on the intermediate shaft 42, the gears 38, 35 of the first and the second speeds are mounted on the needle bearings 36. The shaft is located in the block of the ball bearing 46 on the one side and the spherical bearing 32 on the other side. On the toothed rim of the intermediate shaft 42 the clutch 28 is mounted, which provides for range "B" engagement through the fork, the carrier and the lever in the tractor cab (figure 3.3.7). Inside the intermediate shaft 42 (figure 3.3.2) there is a PTO drive shaft 44, which is linked to splines of the shaft in the coupling clutch with its one splined end, and on the other side with the parts of the PTO reduction unit.
On the needle bearings 13 of the secondary shaft 12 the welded gears 6, 8 are mounted as well as the double-cone synchronizer 14, which provides for engagement of the higher/lower pass of the gearbox reduction unit "H-L". Also the driving gear of the FDA drive is mounted on the shaft splines. The whole set of the shaft parts is tightened with the nut 31. The secondary shaft 12 is mounted in the bore of the cone bearings 10, 29 that are adjusted with adjusting washers, and the offset of the tapered toothed head of the shaft (19,4 -0,13) mm is assured by matching the adjusting washers 11.
On the splines of the shaft 16 in the gear train the gears 23, 25, the distance bushing 24 are mounted, and the FDA drive gear 22 is mounted on the needle bearings 21.
On the shaft of low speeds and reverse travel 78 the gears 83, 101 of the first and the second range of the forward and reverse travel are mounted, on the bushing 103 the clutch 84 is located which is shifted through the system of carrier fork lever from the tractor cab. On the bushing 100 the gear 88 is mounted, which engages the creeper drive gear 98, which in its turn is connected with the toothed rim of the intermediate shaft 42. The gear 88 on the bushing 100 is prevented form axial movement by mounting the lock ring 87. The shaft 78 is mounted in the block of the roller bearings 81, 86, and is secured by mounting the lock ring 80 in the gearbox case.
In the case 54 the shaft 117 with the half-clutch 118, the bushing 119 and the FDA friction coupling 110 is mounted.
In the case 54 on the carriers the fork 30 switching the toothed clutch 28, the fork 111 switching the toothed clutch 84 and the fork 3 switching the synchronizer 14 are mounted. The carriers are secured in the case by means of ball locks. In the fork housing 65 three carriers, the fork 67, the ball lock and parts of the mechanism that locks simultaneous engagement of two speeds (a ball, a pin) are mounted. The fork housing 65 is fastened on the gearbox case 54.
The shifting forks are mounted on the carriers 123, 126 and are fixed with adjusting bolts and further locked with wire.
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3.3.2 Mechanism of engine start-up lock with range engaged and mechanism of FDA disengagement when reversing
To prevent the possibility of engine start with the tractor speed engaged a special locking device is installed. It consists of a switch 6 (figure 3.3.3), a pin 8, a rod 2, axis 3, balls 4, 11. As the range is engaged the lock mechanism opens contacts of the switch 6 and breaks the circuit of interposing starter relay and the solenoid starter switch. To adjust the switch 6 it is necessary to mount a required number of adjusting shims 7; if the adjustment is not effected by mounting a required number of shims, then it is needed to replace the switch and repeat the adjustment.
ATTENTION: BEFORE STARTIING THE ENGINE SET THE RANGE SHIFTING LEVER INTO NEUTRAL POSITION!
To disengage the FDA as the tractor reverses there is a device, which consists of a pin 15, a spring 16, a switch 18.
When the range shifting lever is set into neutral and any range of forward travel is engaged (the range shifting lever is in front position), the contacts of the switch 18 are open.
As the reverse range is engaged (the range lever is in back position) the contacts of the switch 18 are closed and the FDA drive automatic control turns off, accordingly.
To adjust the switch 18 it is required to mount a required number of the adjusting shims 17, if the adjustment is not effected by mounting a required number of shims, then it is needed to replace the switch and repeat the adjustment.
1, 15 pin; 2 rod; 3 axis; 4, 11 ball; 5, 10, 14, 16 - spring; 6, 18 switch; 7, 17 adjusting shim; 8 pin; 9 guide member; 12 - washer; 13 bolt.
Figure 3.3.3 Mechanism of engine start-up lock with range engaged and mechanism of FDA disengagement when reversing
3.3.3 Gearbox control mechanism 3.3.3.1 General information The mechanism of gearbox control consists of a speed shifting mechanism and a range shifting mechanism with an electrohydraulic system of switching between the higher "H" and lower "L" passes of the gearbox reduction unit. 3.3.3.2 Speed shifting mechanism The speed shifting mechanism is mounted in the speed group, the fork housing 65 (figure 3.3.2) and in the control mechanism case 1. In the cage 53 carriers with the attached forks shifting the first, the second and the fifth, the sixth speeds are installed. The carriers are secured in the cover be means of ball locks. The fork position on the carriers is adjusted with the help of hexagon fit bolts and locked with wire.
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1 fork; 2 hood; 3 sphere; 4 spring; 5, 7 pins; 6 case; 8 cover; 9 shaft; 10 spring; 11 bolt; 12 bushing; 13 cover; 14 key; 15, 20 levers; 16 switch; 17 screw; 18 bushing; 19 lock ring.
Figure 3.3.4 Speed shifting mechanism
In supports of the cover 13 (figure 3.3.4) and the case 6 the shaft 9 is mounted, to which the lever 15 and the bushing 12 are attached; two bushings 18 and the spring 10 are mounted between the lock rings 19. The bushings rest against the screw 17 and the end of the case 6 with their end surfaces. This system serves to set the lever into a neutral position. By means of pins 5 and 7, the lever 20 the shaft 9 is connected with the fork 1, to which the speed shifting lever is attached. The fork 1 is mounted in the case 6 in the sphere 3 and is supported by the spring 4.
The switch 16 is mounted in the orifice of the control cover and is meant to prevent the synchronizer on the second shaft from engaging (passes "L=H" of the reduction unit) when the gearbox speed is engaged.
ATTENTION: TO ADJUST THE SWITCH 16 (FIGURE 3.3.4) IT IS NECESSARY TO MOUNT A REQUIRED NUMBER OF ADJUSTING SHIMS. IF THE ADJUSTMENT IS NOT EFFECTED BY MOUNTING A REQUIRED NUMBER OF SHIMS, THEN IT IS NEEDED TO REPLACE THE SWITCH AND REPEAT THE ADJUSTMENT.
3.3.3.3 Range shifting mechanism The range shifting mechanism is installed in the case 54 (figure 3.3.2) of the gearbox and in the control mechanism case 1. In the control mechanism in supports of the cover 12 (figure 3.3.5) and the case 18 the shaft 9 is mounted, to which the levers 10 are attached by means of keys. The shaft 9 is secured by the ball lock 14 and by means of the pins 5 and 7 and the laver 6 the shaft is connected with the fork 1, to which the range shifting lever is attached. The fork 1 is mounted in the case 18 in the sphere 3 and is supported by the spring 4.
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1 fork, 2 hood, 3 sphere, 4 spring, 5, 7 pins, 6, 10 levers, 8, 12 covers, 9 shaft, 11 sector, 13, 17 keys, 14 ball lock, 15 nut, 16 bolt, 18 case; 19 bracket.
Figure 3.3.5 Range shifting mechanism
3.3.3.4 Mechanism of switching between the higher and the lower passes of the gearbox reduction unit
The mechanism of switching between the higher and the lower passes of the gearbox reduction unit is mounted on the shifting mechanism cover and consists of "L-H" range controlling cylinder 11 (figure 3.3.6), mounted on the center 10, a double-end 14, a lever 18 mounted on the a shaft 5. A fork 16 is connected with the lever 18 by means of a pin 17. The lever of the shaft 5 engages the carrier of the fork 3 (figure 3.3.2) and as the shaft turns it moves the clutch of the synchronizer 14. The position of the shaft 18 (figure 3.3.6) is adjusted by changing the length of the double-end bolt 14 with further locking with the nut 13. The cylinder 11 is connected to the hydraulic system by means of the valve of the hydraulic valve group 7. The switch 6 connects the valve of the hydraulic valve group 7 to the electric circuit only when the speed shifting lever is in neutral position. A retracted position of the cylinder 11 rod corresponds to the lower "L" pass of the gearbox reduction unit. The pressure sensors 8 serve to index the engagement of the reduction unit passes.
ATTENTION: IF DURING OPERATION MALADJUSTMENT OF THE CYLINDER CONTROL ELEMENTS OCCURS OR THE SYNCHRONIZER ON THE SECONDARY SHAFT IS TURNED ON IMPROPERLY (HIGHER OR LOWER PASSES "L-H" OF THE REDUCTION UNIT), THEN IT IS REQUIRED TO CARRY OUT CYLINDER ADJUSTMENT!
To adjust the cylinder 11 (figure 3.3.6) proceed as follows: - move the piston inside the cylinder until it stops. - turn the shaft 18 contraclockwise, having engaged the step-down range of the gearbox reduction unit; - turn the double-end bolt 14 by 8-9 revolutions, lock with the nut 13; - turning the fork 16 in or out, bring the holes in the lever 18 and in the fork 16 in coincidence, lock with the nut 15; - turn the lever 18 clockwise, having engaged the higher pass of the gearbox reduction unit; - protract the cylinder 11 rod, bring the holes in the lever 18 and the fork 16 into coincidence. - join the lever 18 and the fork 16 by means of the pin 17, mount the washer and forelock; - screwing the bolt 20 in or out, stop the spherical part of the bolt against the lever 18, lock with the nut 19.
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1 speed shifting fork, 2 range switching fork, 3 bracket; 4, 20 bolt; 5 shaft; 6 switch; 7 hydraulic valve group; 8 pressure sensors; 9, 12 oil pipelines; 10 center pin; 11 control cylinder; 13, 15, 19 nut; 14 double-end bolt; 16 fork; 17 pin; 18 lever. Figure 3.3.6 Mechanism of switching between the higher and the lower passes of the reduction unit
3.3.3.5 Gearbox control The gearbox controls are located in the tractor cab: - the ranges are switched by means of a lever A (figure 3.3.7); - the speeds of forward and reverse travel are shifted by means of a lever B; - the lower and the higher passes "L-H" of the reduction unit are turned on by means of buttons on the speed shifting lever B.
Figure 3.3.7 Diagrams of shifting speeds and ranges of the gearbox 90
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3.4 Reduction unit electro-hydraulic control The electro-hydraulic control of the gearbox reduction unit consists of the following basic elements: - annunciators 15 and 14 (figure 3.4.2) on a control panel 1, located in the tractor cab; - a lever 3 for shifting the speeds and the passes of the gearbox reduction unit; - a sensor of GB neutral position 5; - sensors 7 and 8, installed in the hydraulic cylinder switching the gearbox reduction unit; - a valve group 6, located at the top on the GB cover; - connecting cables 4 with sockets 9. The system is powered from on-board electrical line through a fuse, located in the fuse block 2. The power supply voltage is delivered to the system after the starter and instrument switch has been turned into position "I" - Instruments on", but it is possible to shift the reduction passes only after the engine is started, with the hydraulic system pump on. On the lever 3 handle there are buttons 10 and 11 and annunciators (led-lamps) 13 and 12 of lower and higher reduction pass engagement, accordingly. On the panel 1 there are duplicate annunciators 15 and 14 of lower and higher reduction pass and reduction control relay. The systems allows switching reduction passes only with the lever 3 in neutral position (contacts of the sensor 5 of GB neutral position are closed). ATTENTION: SWITCH BETWEEN THE GB REDUCTION PASSES ONLY WITH THE TRACTOR STOPPED! Signals to the annunciators 13, 12 and 15, 14 come from the respective pressure sensors 8 and 7. After the engine start-up the lower reduction pass turns on. Hereby the annunciators 13 and 15 must stay on. The higher reduction pass shall be switched by pressing the button 11. Hereby the annunciators 13 and 15 must go out, and the annunciators 12 and 14 must light up. Switching from the higher reduction pass to the lower one is performed by pressing the button 10. The engine can be started only when the GB range shifting lever 1 (figure 2.13.1) is set into neutral position. The electrical circuit diagram of the reduction unit electro-hydraulic control is introduced in Annex A.
Figure 3.4.1 Allocation of components of reduction unit electro-hydraulic control on the gearbox
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2022.3-0000010 OM To figure 3.4.1 Allocation of components of reduction unit electro-hydraulic control on the gearbox: 1 sensor of the lower reduction pass engaged condition; 2 sensor of the higher reduction pass engaged condition; 3 reduction pass switching valve group; 4 gearbox "neutral" position sensor; 5 sensor of range reduction neutral position (engine start-up lock with a range engaged).
1 rear axle DL and FDA drive control panel; 2 fuse block; 3 lever for shifting speeds and reduction passes; 4 connecting cables; 5 sensor of gearbox neutral position; 6 gearbox reduction unit valve group; 7 pressure sensor of the higher reduction pass engaged state; 8 pressure sensor of the lower reduction pass engaged state; 9 carrier sockets; 10 button to engage the lower pass; 11 button to engage the higher pass; 12 led-lamp to indicate the higher pass; 13 led-lamp to indicate the lower pass; 14, 15 pilot lamps.
Figure 3.4.2 Gearbox reduction electro-hydraulic control
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2022.3-0000010 OM 3.5 Rear axle 3.5.1 General information The rear axle consists of the following elements: - main drive; - differential; - differential lock dog clutch; - rear-axle drives, located in the rear axle body; - final drives, located in the rear-axle tubes. The cross-sectional cut of the rear axle of "BELARUS1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3" is introduced in figure 3.5.1.
1 driven gear; 2 bolt; 3,13 axle shaft gear; 4, 17 brake; 5, 25 tube; 6, 19 pinion drive shaft; 7, 16 cage; 8 roller bearing; 9, 15 rear-axle drive pinion; 10, 11, 12 differential body; 11 differential cross; 12 satellite gear; 14 tapered roller bearing; 18 cover; 20 satellite gear; 21 roller; 22 satellite gear center; 23 driven gear; 24, 42 semi-axle; 26 washer; 27 set of gaskets; 28 bolt; 29 lock plate; 30 sun gear; 31 carrier; 32 crown wheel; 33 driven gear bushing; 34 movable dog clutch; 35 unmovable dog clutch; 36 rear axle body; 37 rear PTO; 38 driven gear; 39 driven gear bushing; 40, 43 shaft; 41, 44 cage; 45 bearing.
Figure 3.5.1 Rear axle (cross-cut)
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3.5.2 Main drive
The main drive is bevel with spiral teeth, it consists of a driving bevel gear, made as all-in-one piece together with the GB secondary shaft, and a driven gear 1 (figure 3.5.1), secured by bolts 2 between the differential bodies 10, 11a, 12a.
The main drive backlash shall stay within 0,25 to 0,55 mm. The tooth contact shall make not less than 50% of surface with print location in the tooth middle part or closer to cone vertex. The backlash shall be adjusted before installing the final drives by way of relocating gaskets from under the cage 7 and 16 flanges without changing their total number.
3.5.3 Differential
The differential is a closed-type, taper, it consists of three bodies 10, 11a and 12a (figure 3.5.1), joined by the bolts 2, the cross 11, four satellite gears 12 with spherical washers. The differential body assembly is installed in the rear axle body 36 on two tapered roller bearings 14. The rear axle differential is locked by electrohydraulicallycontrolled dog clutch (34, 35), installed on the bushings 33 and 39 of the drive pinions 9 and 15, which locks the axle-shaft gears 3 and 13 of the differential through the shafts 6, 19.
The tapered roller bearings 14 shall be adjusted with preload. Force, applied to the driven gear 1 tooth outer face, to turn the differential in the bearings shall make 30 to 50 N. The adjustment shall be carried out by changing the amount of gaskets the flanges of the cages 7 and 16.
3.5.4 Rear-axle drive
The rear-axle drive consists of two pairs of spur gears 9, 38 (figure 3.5.1) and 15, 23. The drive pinions 9, 15 are fitted on the splined shafts 6, 19, which are mounted on the roller bearings 8 in the cages 7, 16. The splined joints of the pinion drive shafts 6, 19 connect the differential side gears with the pinions of the axle shaft drive and disks of the brakes 4, 17. The driven gears 23 and 38 are fitted on the splined bushings 33 and 39, mounted on the roller bearings in the rear axle body 36 and the cages 41 and 44, accordingly. Between the flanges of the cages 7, 16 and the rear axle body 36 adjusting shims with a thickness of 0,2 mm and 0,5 mm are mounted, changing their amount it is possible to adjust the axial clearance in the roller bearings 14 as well as the backlash of the main drive gears.
3.5.5 Final drive
The final drive consists of two spur planetary drives, located in the tubes 5, 25 (figure 3.5.1) and the splined shafts 43, 40, joining the driven gears 23, 38 with the planetary drives.
The planetary drive consists of a stationary crown wheel 32, fitted on the teeth of the cage 44, the carrier 31, the sun gear 30, four satellite gears 20, rotating on the satellite gear centers 22 on the roller bearings 21.
The tapered roller bearings 45 of the semi-axles 24, 42 are adjusted by matching a set of gaskets 27 with a thickness of 0,2 mm and 0,5 mm, mounted between the semi-axle end and the washer 26.
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3.5.6 Rear axle final drive adjustment If it is required to replace the parts and assembly units of the final drives carry out the further assembly and adjusting operations in the following order: - press the inner ring of the outer bearing 10 on the axle shaft 9 (figure 3.5.2), having previously heated it in oil, until it stops against the bushing 7; - press the outer rings of the bearings 10, 11 in the tube 6 until they stop against the tube collar; - mount the axle shaft assembled with the inner ring of the outer bearing into the tube and fit the inner ring of the inner bearing 11 on the axle shaft; - fit the carrier assembly 12 on the axle shaft splines, mount the washer 5 without the shim pack and tighten the bolt 4 with a torque 500 to 550 N·m, release the bolt and tighten it again manually. - measure a distance from the axle shaft end to the outer surface of the washer 5 through its hole using a caliper; - deduct the washer thickness (12 mm) from the measured value and find out the clearance value between the washer and the axle shaft end; - untighten the bolt 4, remove the washer and fill the clearance with the shim pack. Mount the washer and tighten the bolt with a torque 500 to 550 N·m; - check the axle shaft turning torque. It shall make 16 to 21 N·m. If it exceeds the limits specified above, increase the shim pack and vice versa. The adjustment shall be carried out before mounting the crown wheel 2 and the cover 8 with sealing. - lock the bolt with the lock plate 3, having previously lubricated the plate surface, joining the washer with grease Lithol-24. The plate nibs shall enter the notches of the carrier 12. If necessary turn the bolt more to make the nib and the notch coincide. IT IS NOT PERMITTED TO UNTIGHTEN THE BOLT! - mount the crown wheel 2. - mount the sun gear 13 assembled with the shaft 1 into the planetary drive carrier and check the drive assembly for easiness of rotation. - mount the cover 8 assembled with the seal, having previously lubricated the seal and the rubber ring with grease Lithol-24. Tighten the bolt attaching the cover. The tapered bearings 10 and 11 shall be adjusted to have a clearance of 0,01 to 0,1 mm.
1 shaft; 2 crown wheel; 3 lock plate; 4 bolt; 5 washer; 6 tube; 7 bushing; 8 cover; 9 axle shaft; 10 bearing; 11 bearing; 12 carrier; 13 sun gear.
Figure 3.5.2 Rear axle final drive adjustments
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2022.3-0000010 OM 3.5.7 Differential lock mechanism 3.5.7.1 General information The electrohydraulically-controlled differential dog clutch is mounted on the splined bushings 2 and 6 (figure 3.5.3) of the driven gears 1, 7 of final drives and consists of a half clutch 4, secured on the bushing by a pin 3, and a shifting half-clutch 5, fitted on splines of a bushing 6 and contolled by the electrohydraulic system. The differential is locked by way of the half-clutch 5 shifting under the influence of the fork 13, moved by the piston 11 as the oil is supplied under pressure to channel "A" of the rear axle upper cover 14. The piston with the fork and Belleville springs 12 are mounted in a bracket 8, attached to the rear axle cover. As the half-clutches are turned on the splined bushings 2, 6 and the pinions of the planetary final drives close with each other. The differential is unlocked automatically under the influence of the Belleville springs 12 as the channel "A" opens into the drain (pressure relieved). 3.5.7.2 Differential lock mechanism adjustment The adjustments are not required during running. After carrying out repair operations adjust the clearance of 1,5 to 2,0 mm between the ends of the jaws of the halfclutches 4 (figure 3.5.3) and 5, proceeding as follows: -arrange the jaws of the half-clutch 4 against the jaws of the half-clutch 5 with the bracket 8 removed; - mount and fasten the bracket and loosen the lock screw 9; - undoing the screw 10, bring the shifting half-clutch 5 until is stops against the jaw end of the stationary half-clutch 4 and then do the screw in by 1...1,25 rev. to provide a required clearance, tighten the screw 9.
1, 7 driven gear; 2, 6 splined bushing; 3 pin; 4, 5 half-clutch; 8 bracket; 9 lock screw; 10 adjusting screw; 11 piston; 12 spring; 13 fork; 14 rear axle upper cover.
Figure 3.5.3 Differential lock mechanism
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3.6 Rear power takeoff shaft
3.6.1 General information
The rear PTO has a four-speed separate drive that provides two speed modes (standard and economy) by reduction switching in the coupling body, and two rotation speeds of the PTO end extension by replacing the end extension 16 (figure 3.6.1) in the rear PTO reduction unit. The PTO is driven by the engine through two pairs of spur constant-mesh gears in the coupling body, through the gearbox inner shaft, the friction clutch and the PTO reduction unit. The PTO drive is engaged and disengaged by a splined clutch 1.
The power takeoff shaft is installed in the rear axle body and consists of a driven 22 and drive 23 gears, located coaxially and interconnected by means of three equallylocated intermediate gears 9, fitted on the centers 7, pressed into the reduction housing 10.
The drive and driven gears have splined holes, by means of which they can be connected with splined journals of the respective end extensions depending on the shaft end extension turning speed required:
o 540 rpm with gear 22; o 1000 rpm with gear 23. The shaft end extensions have marks on their ends "540" and "1000", accordingly. The shaft end extensions are mounted on tapered roller bearings 18 and locked against axial movement with a thrust washer 13, secured by four bolts. Changing the extension remove the washer 13, change the extension 16 and fix the thrust washer 13. The PTO is engaged and disengaged by the multi-disk friction clutch and the PTO brake. On the outer splines of the friction clutch drive shaft 2 disks 3 with metal-ceramic linings are mounted, and in slots of a drum 5, connected with the reduction drive gear 23 by means of splines, steel disks 4 are mounted. As the PTO is engaged, a piston 26 compresses the disks under oil pressure, thus joining the PTO reduction unit with the drive shaft 2. As the friction clutch is disengaged the piston 26 returns to its initial position under the pressure of the springs 27. The PTO end extension is stopped by the PTO brake. The brake is mounted in the reduction housing 10 and consists of a piston 24, a friction disk 6 and a thrust disk 25. The friction disk 6 is installed on splines of the drum 5. As pressure is fed into the brake booster, the piston 24 compresses the disks 6 and 25, braking the drum and the PTO end extension. The axial clearance in the tapered roller bearings 18 shall not exceed 0,1 mm. The adjustment is carried out matching rings 19. The nut 21 is tightened with a torque of 220 Nm. Setting the PTO speed switch into position "standard mode" (figure 3.2.7) by replacing the end extensions, as specified above, two standard turning speeds of PTO extension are obtained (540 and 1000 rpm). Setting the PTO speed switch into position "economy mode" by replacing the end extensions two additional turning speeds of PTO extension are obtained (770 and 1460 rpm).
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1 switching clutch; 2 drive shaft; 3 friction clutch driven disk; 4 friction clutch drive disk; 5 drum; 6 brake driven disk; 7 intermediate center; 8 roller; 9 intermediate gear; 10 housing; 11 cage; 12 cover; 13 thrust washer; 14 casing; 15 cap; 16 changeable shaft end extension; 17 bushing; 18 tapered roller bearing; 19 ring; 20 washer; 21 nut; 22 driven gear; 23 drive gear; 24 brake piston; 25 thrust disk; 26 friction clutch piston; 27 spring.
Figure 3.6.1 Rear PTO
2022.3-0000010 OM 3.6.2 Rear PTO control The rear PTO is controlled with a control lever 1 of the switch 24 (figure 3.7.2), located on the side console. Moving the lever 1 by means of a cable 6 and a rod 12 turns a lever 22 of a cock controlling the oil flow, supplied to the PTO friction clutch piston and to the PTO brake piston. To make the friction clutch engage smoothly, a damping device 9 on a bracket 8 is mounted at the entry to the friction clutch. The lever 1 has two positions: - extreme front position "PTO engaged" (PTO friction clutch engaged); - extreme rear position "PTO disengaged" (PTO end extension brake engaged); The lever 22 of the oil flow control cock has two fixed positions upper "PTO engaged" and lower "PTO disengaged"; The PTO begins operating only with the engine running (i.e. when there is pressure in the transmission hydraulic system). The rear PTO control is adjusted as follows: - set the lever 1 of the switch 24 into the extreme rear position, and the lever 22 of the PTO control cock 13 into the lower position; - changing the length of the stem 5 of the cable (by way of screwing the fork 3 in or out, having previously loosened the lock nut 4) and the rod 12 (by screwing it on or off the stem, having previously loosened the lock nut 11) bring the holes in the fork 3 and the lever 23 of the switch 24 together, as well as the holes in the rod 12 and the lever 22 of the PTO control cock, connect them by pins 2 and splint. - after adjustment tighten the lock nuts 4; - check function of the control mechanism. Under the applied pressure of not more than 30 N the lever 1 of the switch shall move without seizure and clearly get fixed in two positions.
1 control lever; 2 pin; 3 fork; 4 lock nut; 5 cable stem; 6 cable; 7, 8, 14 bracket; 9 damping device; 10 drain hose; 11 lock nut; 12 rod; 13 rear PTO control cock; 15, 19 gasket; 16 brake hose; 17 friction clutch hose; 18 flange; 20 oil supply hose; 21 damping device hose; 22 lever of PTO control cock; 23 switch lever; 24 switch.
Figure 3.6.2 Rear PTO control.
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3.7 Front power takeoff shaft The front power takeoff shaft is mounted on the tractor upon request. The FPTO is intended to drive agricultural machines with active working units, located on the front lift linkage. The front PTO has an independent drive with clockwise rotation of the PTO shaft end extension when looked at its end, and provides 1000 rpm of shaft end extension speed under 2100 rpm of the engine crankshaft speed with 44 kW of power implementation. The front power take-off shaft is executed as an independent unit and is a planetary reduction unit with band brakes, mated with a parallel-shaft reduction gear unit. The torque to FPTO is transferred from a pulley 1 (figure 3.7.1) of the engine crankshaft to PTO reduction unit 9 through a spacer 2, secured on the crankshaft, an expansion clutch 3, installed in the spacer 2, and a splined shaft 4, secured in a clutch 5, which can be fixedly displaced in axial direction and which is mounted on the input shaft 8 of the PTO reduction unit. The power in the FPTO reduction unit 9 is transferred from the input shaft 8 to the end extension 12 by means of cylindrical meshing and planetary drive. The PTO planetary reduction unit 9 is controlled by a hydraulic cylinder 11, fastened on the reduction body and linked to a turn shaft 10, affecting band brake levers.
1 engine crankshaft pulley; 2 spacer; 3 expansion clutch; 4 splined shaft; 5 clutch; 6 spring; 7 bushing; 8 input shaft; 9 PTO reduction unit; 10 turning shaft; 11 hydraulic cylinder; 12 shaft end extension; 13 ball.
Figure 3.7.1 Front PTO (mechanical part)
To link the reduction unit to the crankshaft it is required to shift the bushing 7 (figure 3.7.1) to the engine side, having compressed the spring 6, and move the clutch 5 with the shaft 4, bringing it into mesh with the expansion clutch 3 until the balls 13 are fixed by the spring-loaded bushing 7 in groove A.
The shaft 4 is brought out of meshing with the expansion clutch 3, mounted on the engine crankshaft, in a similar way.
If the FPTO is not used on the tractor, its drive shall be disconnected from the engine crankshaft in order to reduce engine load and ensure long service life of the front PTO components.
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2022.3-0000010 OM The hydraulic cylinder rod is moved by changing the direction of oil flow in the valve group of the FPTO 4 (figure 3.7.2). Oil supplied through a pressure pipeline 1, is directed either to a pipeline 2, connected with the cylinder rod end (FPTO off rod retracted) or to a pipeline 3, connected with the bottom end of the cylinder (FPTO on rod protracted).
1; 2, 3 pipeline; 4 FPTO valve group; Figure 3.7.2 Front PTO (hydraulic part) When running the FPTO for a long time, check the extraction of the control cylinder rod (dimension "" in figure 3.7.2). If the rod extraction value in position "FPTO off" (50±3) mm or in position "FPTO engaged" (65±3) mm does not correspond to the above stated, adjust the band brakes. To do this it is required to remove the upper cover 3 (figure 3.7.3) of the PTO reduction unit and to adjust a clearance between the turning shaft 1 and the levers 5 of the bands of the FPTO brake 6. For this reason loosen the nuts 2, turning them clockwise, to choose a clearance between the bands and the brake drums, do the screws 4 in with a torque of (5+0,5) Nm, having retained horizontal position of the jaws of the shaft 1. After this release each screw 4 by 1 ... 1,5 revolution and lock with nuts 2. Put the cover 3 back.
1 shaft; 2 nut; 3 cover; 4 screw; 5 band levers; 6 brake; 7 protective cap.
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Figure 3.7.3 Band brake adjustment If the FPTO brake band linings have significant wear, when the above adjustment is not effective for the band brakes, replace the PTO brake bands.
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2022.3-0000010 OM 3.8 Brakes 3.8.1 General information The "BELARUS - 1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3" tractor is equipped with disk brakes operating in oil bath.
1 friction disk; 2 spring; 3 gasket; 4 cover; 5 roller bearing; 6 collar; 7 shaft; 8 ball; 9 intermediate disk; 10 pressure disk; 11 cam; 12 pusher; 13 spring; 14 bolt; 15 washer; «» hole for oil delivery.
Figure 3.8.1 Service brakes The left and the right service multi-disk brakes are installed on the pinion drive shafts of the rear axle drives. Each brake consists of the following components: - six friction disks 1 (figure 3.8.1) with metal-ceramic linings; - five intermediate disks 9; - two pressure disks 10, tightened with four springs 2; - six steel balls 8, located in drop-shaped cups of the pressure disks; - two pushers 12 with springs 13, a cam 11; - a shaft 7, mounted on two roller bearings 5 with a collar 6; - a cover 4 with gaskets 3, fixed with seven bolts to the rear axle tube. When pressing the service brake pedal, the force is transmitted to the shaft 7 through the hydraulic actuator system and the cam 11 turns, influencing the pushers 12. The pressure disks 9 turn relative to each other, and as a result the balls 8 run out of the cups and open the pressure disks. The brake disk pack (1,9, 10) is compressed and brakes the shaft, on which the brake is mounted. The brakes disk lubrication and cooling is effected by means of oil delivery from transmission lubrication system through the hole "A". The backlash in friction pairs (1,5 r 0,3) mm is ensured by mounting gaskets 3 in the amount up to 3 pcs.
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2022.3-0000010 OM 3.8.2 Service brake control of "BELARUS-1822.3/2022.3" The service brake control scheme of "BELARUS-1822.3/2022.3" is shown in figure 3.8.2.
1 right working cylinder; 2 right brake lever; 3, 4, 10, 13 - pipelines; 5 left brake pedal; 6 right brake pedal; 7 main cylinders; 8 left brake lever; 9 left working cylinder; 11, 12 flexible brake hoses.
Figure 3.8.2 Service brake control diagram of "BELARUS-1822.3/2022.3" The brakes control is intended for force transfer when braking from actuating devices (pedals) to executing mechanisms (brake working cylinders) by means of brake fluid supply. The type of the service brake actuator is hydrostatic with suspended pedals. The brake control provides independent service brake control by means of pedals 5, 6 (figure 3.8.2) and consists of two main cylinders 7, the rods of which are jointed with brake pedals; of two working cylinders 1 and 9, connected by means of pipelines 3, 4,10, 13 and hoses 11, 12 with the main cylinders 7. The rods of working cylinders are jointed with the levers 2, 8 of service brakes, respectively. When pressing the pedal 5, 6 the brake fluid comes from the main cylinders 7 through the pipelines 3, 4, flexible hoses 11, 12 and pipelines 10, 13 to the working cylinders 1, 9 moving cylinder pistons, that influence the levers 2, 8 through the rods. The levers turn and influence the brakes through the shafts 7 (figure 3.8.1). Brake fluid is used in the system of hydraulic brake actuator as working fluid.
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3.8.3 Service brake adjustment of "BELARUS-1822.3/2022.3"
1, 2 main cylinder; 3 fork; 4 nut; 5 bolt; 6 pin; 7 lock-nut; 8, 9 pedal; 10 pipeline from main cylinder to working cylinder
Figure 3.8.3 Adjustment of pedal free play and brake pedal position
To adjust the service brakes of the tractor proceed as follows: 1. Set pads of the pedals 8, 9 (figure 3.8.3) in one plane with a help of the stop adjusting bolts 5, screwing them in to 20r3 mm. Lock the nuts 4. 2. Adjust free play of the pedals 8, 9 within 4 ... 8 mm. To do this, proceed as follows:
- unsplint and remove the pins 6 and disconnect the forks 3 from the stems of the pedals 8, 9;
- turn the lock-nuts 7 off by several revolutions and by screwing the forks 3 in or out, shorten or lengthen the hydraulic cylinders 1, 2 rods, to meet the required free play of the pedals;
- lock the nuts 7, fit the pins 6 and cotter-pin them. The pedal free play of 4...8 mm corresponds to 0.6...1.3 mm clearance between the piston and the pusher in each main cylinder.
- the pedals should not be in contact with whatever components of the cab. The height position of the pedal pads can be adjusted, if required, with the bolts 5 and by changing the length of the hydraulic cylinder rods, providing the pedal free play within 4...8 mm.
3. Set the length of working cylinder 8 (figure 3.8.4) of the left brake to 205... 213 mm, if measured from the cylinder end face to the axis of the pin 4 which connects the lever 5 with the fork 3, with the cylinder piston fully drawn in. The pin 4 stroke should be in this case within the limits of 10 ...12 mm when applying force from 350 to 400 N on 60 mm arm to the lever 5.
Carry out the adjustment by means of a fork 3, having performed the following operations:
- disconnect the link 7 of the parking brake actuator from the lever 5; - loosen the lock-nut 2 on the cylinder rod by several turns; - turning the rod 1 of the working cylinder, adjust the cylinder length and pin stroke of the working cylinder fork within the necessary limits; - tighten the lock-nut 2, attach rod 7 of parking brake actuator.
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2022.3-0000010 OM If it is not possible to adjust necessary dimensions, it is necessary to remove the lever 5 from the brake shaft 6, having preliminary loosened the bolt of the lever 5 hub, then put it back, having turned by one spline in necessary direction (the turn by one spline changes dimensions by 8 mm). Adjust the length of right brake working cylinder in the same order.
1 rod; 2 lock-nut; 3 fork; 4 pin; 5 lever; 6 brake shaft; 7 link; 8 working cylinder; 9 relief valve.
Figure 3.8.4 Working cylinder length adjustment 4. Bleed the hydraulic system of brake control in the following order: - fill the tanks 3, 4 (figure 3.8.5) of the main brake cylinders 1, 2 with brake fluid to the "Max" marks on the tanks (to the level of 15r5 mm from the tank upper face). During bleeding watch the fluid level, avoiding its drop below the "Min" mark. - latch the brake pedals 5, 6 with the interlocking strap "A". - clean the relief valves of the brake working cylinders from dust and dirt, remove the caps from them, fit a tube onto the head of the relief valve 9 (figure 3.8.4) of the left working cylinder and put its free end into a transparent reservoir with a capacity of at least 0.5 l filled with brake fluid to half of its volume; - press the interlocked brake pedals for 4...5 times and, while holding them down, turn out the relief valve 9 of the left working cylinder by 1/2 ...3/4 revolution and when after a full pedal travel as a part of the fluid with air is bled from the system, turn the valve in and release the brake pedals. Press the pedal quickly, release smoothly! Repeat this operation several times until air is completely bled from the system. Remove the tube from the valve and put the protective cap. - bleed air from the hydraulic actuator of the right brake in the same order; - top up fluid in both tanks 3, 4 (figure 3.8.5) to the "Max" mark;
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- check the full travel of unlatched pedals under a force of (300±30) N applied. It shall be within 100...120 mm. If the full travel of the pedals falls outside these limits, readjust them proceeding as follows:
) turn out the locknut 2 (figure 3.8.4) on cylinder rod by several turns; b) turning rod 1 of working cylinder, adjust cylinder length and pin stroke of the working cylinder fork within the necessary limits; c) tighten the locknut 2.
1, 2 main cylinder; 3, 4 tank; 5, 6 pedal. Figure 3.8.5 Bleeding of brakes and adjustment of full pedal travel
5) Check the efficiency of the service brakes when the tractor moves on a dry hardsurface road with the clutch disengaged. When pressing the interconnected brake pedals with force of 590...600N the stopping distance shall not exceed 6.4 m at tractor speed of 20 km/h. Unstraightness of tractor movement during braking shall not exceed 0.5 m. If necessary, adjust simultaneity of breaking beginning, using the length of one of the break working cylinders, as indicated above.
3.8.4 Service brake control of "BELARUS-1822.3/2022.3" The service brake control scheme of "BELARUS-1822.3/2022.3" is shown in figure 3.8.6. The brakes control is intended for force transfer when braking on forward travel an on reverse from actuating devices (pedals) to executing mechanisms (brake working cylinders) by means of brake fluid supply. The type of brake actuator is hydrostatic with suspended pedals. The brake control of "BELARUS-1822.3/2022.3" consists of main cylinders 1, 7 (for forward travel) and 3 (for reverse), of suspended pedals 5, 6 (for forward travel) and 2 (for reverse), of valves 10, 12 (for automatic switch from tractor operation on forward travel to operation on reverse and vice versa), of brake working cylinders 16, 18, of levers 15, 17, of flexible hoses 14, of pipelines 8, 9 (for forward travel) and 4, 11, 13 (for reverse). In the mode of forward travel when pressing the pedal 5, 6 the brake fluid comes from the main cylinders 1, 7 through the pipelines 8, 9 to the valves 10, 12. In the valves the pistons move to the extreme position and shut inlets of the pipelines 11, 13. Then the brake fluid is fed to the working cylinders 16, 18 through the flexible hoses 14 and moves the pistons which work on the levers 15, 17 through the rods. The levers turns and work on the brakes through the shafts. In the reverse operation mode when pressing the pedal 2 the brake fluid comes from the main cylinders 3 through the pipelines 4, 11, 13 to the valves 10, 12. In the valves the pistons move in the opposite directions and shut inlets of the pipelines 8, 9. Then the brake fluid is fed to the working cylinders 16, 18 through the flexible hoses 14, performing actions similar the described above.
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1 left master brake cylinder; 2 brake pedal for reverse; 3 master brake cylinder for reverse; 4, 8, 9, 11, 13 - pipeline; 5 left brake pedal; 6 right brake pedal; 7 right master brake cylinder; 10, 12 valve 14 flexible hose; 15 left brake lever; 16 left working brake cylinder; 17 right brake lever; 18 right working brake cylinder.
Figure 3.8.2 Service brake control diagram of "BELARUS-1822.3/2022.3"
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3.8.5 Service brake adjustment of "BELARUS-1822.3/2022.3" Adjust the service brakes of "BELARUS-1822.3/2022.3" in the following order: - adjust and bleed the brakes for forward travel as specified in subsection 3.8.3 "Service brake adjustment of "BELARUS-1822.3/2022.3" - adjust and bleed the brakes for reverse having previously checked and adjusted the parking brake drive in accordance with the subsection 3.8.7 "Parking brake adjustment" ATTENTION: CARRY OUT ADJUSTMENT OF THE REVERSE ONLY AFTER INSPECTION AND ADJUSTMENT OF SERVICE BRAKES FOR FORWARD TRAVEL AND PARKING BRAKE DRIVE! To adjust the brakes for reverse proceed as follows: 1. Check and if required set the dimension 33r2 mm (see the figure 3.8.7). To do this undo the nut 8, do the thrust bolt 9 to a respective depth. Lock the nut 8. 2. Adjust free play of the pedal 1 (figure 3.8.7) within 6 to 12 mm, which corresponds to the clearance of 1 to 2 mm between the pusher 4 of the master brake cylinder 3 and the piston 2. To do this, proceed as follows: - unlock and remove the pin 7. - remove the protective boot 10 and undo the lock nut 5 by several revolutions. - doing the nut 6 on or off the pusher 4 set the pedal 1 free travel within the limits specified above. The pedal free travel shall make 90 to 110mm; - lock the nut 5 and forelock the pin 7.
1 pedal; 2 piston; 3 master brake cylinder for reverse 4 pusher; 5 locknut; 6 fork; 7 pin; 8 nut; 9 bolt; 10 boot.
Figure 3.8.7 Adjustment of service brakes of BELARUS-1822.3/2022.3 for reverse
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3. Fill (or add) the hydraulic system control circuit of reversing gear brakes with brake fluid and bleed it, doing the following operations:
- remove protective casing 2 (figure 3.8.8) and fill the compensation chamber "" of main brake cylinder of reversing gear 3 with brake fluid up to the level of 10...15mm from the upper edge of the chamber;
- take off caps from operating brake cylinders overflow valves, put a pipe on overflow valve 5 head of left operating cylinder 4, and a loose end of the pipe shall be put into a transparent container with capacity of at least 0.5l half filled with brake fluid;
- press reversing gear brake pedal 1 from four to five times and keeping the pedal pressed unscrew the left operating cylinder valve for 1/2... 3/4 revolutions, and after the pedal full travel when part of fluid with air disappears from the system, it is required to screw in the valve and release the pedal. Press the pedal quickly, release smoothly. Repeat this operation several times until complete air removal from the system. Take off the pipe from the valve and put on a protective cap.
- bleed the right brake drive in the same order; - fill the compensation chamber "" of main brake cylinder of reversing gear 3 with brake fluid up to the required level, put on protective casing 2. Check the hydraulic system bleeding for forward motion according to clause 4 of subsection 3.8.3 "Service brake adjustment of "BELARUS-1822.3/2022.3".
1 reversing gear brake pedal; 2 casing; 3 main brake cylinder of reversing gear; 4 left operating cylinder; 5 overflow valve head;
Figure 3.8.8 Hydraulic system control bleeding of reversing gear brakes
3.8.6 Parking brake As a parking brake the service brakes with independent manual rear wheel drive are used. The actuator consists of a drawing mechanism 5 (figure 3.8.9), mounted an axle 6, fixed on the side wall of the cab to the left of the operator's seat and of a mechanical gear, that includes a lever 2, which is free fitted on a brake shaft 10 with its hub, levers 11 and 20, keyed with the shaft. A plate 1 is welded to the lever 2, an adjusting bolt 4, screwed in the lever 20 of the left brake, is stopped against the plate. Levers 11 and 20 are connected by means of links 13 and 16 with double-arm levers 14 and 17, fixed on splined ends of the left and right brake shafts, the lower arms of this levers are connected with working cylinder 15, 18 rods. When drawing the rod 3 with the handle 9 of the drawing mechanism, the force is transferred to the lever 2 and from its stop member 1 to the bolt 4, hereby turning the lever 20 and the shaft 10 with the lever 1, interconnected with the lever 20 by means of a key, the links 13 and 16, the brake levers 14 and 17, thus moving the service brake pressure disks. Turning towards each other and running with tapered surfaces of profile grooves on the balls the pressure disks move apart, compressing the brake disk packs and braking the pinion gears of the rear axle drives.
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2022.3-0000010 OM As the handle 9 together with the rod 3 turns by an angle of 35 ...40° around its axis the toothed bar of the rod comes out of meshing with the latch 8 and the rod moves freely down, unbraking the pinion gears of the rear wheel drives.
1 stop plate; 2 lever; 3 rod; 4 adjusting bolt; 5 drawing mechanism; 6 axle; 7 latch pin; 8 latch; 9 handle; 10 brake shaft; 11, 20 lever; 12, 19, 21, 23 pin; 13, 16 link; 14, 17 brake lever; 15 right working cylinder; 18 left working cylinder; 22, 24 fork.
Figure 3.8.9 Parking brake 3.8.7 Parking brake adjustment ATTENTION: PRIOR TO ADJUSTMENT OF PARKING BRAKE ACTUATOR, ADJUST THE SERVICE BRAKES! To adjust the control of the manual mechanical brake actuator (parking brake), proceed as follows: - push the handle 9 (figure 3.8.9) with the rod 3 to the lowermost position. - adjust the length of the left brake link 16 and the length of the right brake link 13 so that the clearance between the pin 21 and the fork 22 of the left brake makes 3...4 mm, and the pin 23 touches face of the right brake fork 24 oval groove as the handle 9 of the brake is put into the lowermost position. - all the pins shall freely turn in connections "fork lever head" and move in the fork grooves without seizure. - carry out the final check and adjustment of the mechanical brake control with the tractor assembled. The tractor shall stop on 18% slope when the force of up to 400 N is applied to the control handle. - if necessary, correct the adjustment by changing the length of the links 13 and 16.
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2022.3-0000010 OM ATTENTION: ADJUSTING LINK LENGTH AVOID DECREASING OF LENGTH OF THE LINK PART THAT IS SCREWED INTO THE FORK BELOW 12 MM. TIGHTEN THE LINK FORK LOCKNUTS WITH A TORQUE OF 40 TO 45 N·M! 3.9 Pneumatic system 3.9.1 General information Upon order your tractor may be equipped with the following type of the trailer brake drive: - single-line pneumatic drive; - double-line pneumatic drive; - combined pneumatic drive of trailer brakes; Technical specifications and adjustments, carried out during operation, for each type of the trailer brake drives are given below. ATTENTION: BEFORE CONNECTING OR DISCONNECTING TRACTOR AND TRAILER PNEUMATIC LINES, ENGAGE PARKING BRAKE! IT IS ALLOWED TO CONNECT TRACTOR AND TRAILER PNEUMATIC LINES WHEN THERE IS NO PRESSURE IN TRACTOR PNEUMATIC SYSTEM! ATTENTION: PERFORM ADJUSTMENT OR TROUBLESHOOTING OF THE TRACTOR TRAILER BRAKE SYSTEM AND BRAKE DRIVE ONLY WHEN THE ENGINE IS SHUT OFF AND THE TRACTOR IS ON AN EVEN SURFACE, BLOCKED WITH BRAKE SHOES PUT UNDER THE WHEELS, WHICH EXCLUDE SPONTANEOUS MOVEMENT OF THE TRACTOR.
3.9.2 Single-line pneumatic drive of trailer brakes The single-line pneumatic drive of trailer brakes provides controlling brakes of trailers and agricultural machines, equipped with a single-line pneumatic drive, as well as tire inflation. A diagram for the single-line pneumatic drive is shown in figure 3.9.1.
1 compressor; 2 line from engine inlet manifold; 3 pressure regulator; 4 air bleed valve; 5 brake valve; 6 control line; 7 connecting head; 8 air pressure indica-
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tor; 9 emergency air pressure lamp; 10 pressure sensor; 11 emergency pressure sensor; 12 tank; 13 condensate drain valve.
Figure 3.9.1 Single-line pneumatic drive of trailer brakes Air is fed to the compressor 1 (figure 3.9.1) from the engine intake manifold through the line 2. The air is compressed in the compressor 1 and delivered through the pressure regulator 3 to the tank 12, from which the compressed air is fed to the brake valve 5. With the brake pedals not pressed air goes to the connecting head 7 through the brake valve 5 and the control line 6 and further to the trailer brake pneumatic drive. The pressure regulator 3 has an air bleed valve 4, which is used for tire inflation. Air pressure in the tanks 12 is controlled by the air pressure indicator 8 with an emergency air pressure lamp 9 (red color) in the instrument cluster as well as by pressure sensors 10 and emergency pressure sensors 11. To remove the condensate from the tank 12 there is a valve 13. The connecting head 7 is valve-type. The valve prevents compressed air from going out when using the pneumatic drive without a trailer attached (when inflating tires). The trailer brakes are controlled in two modes: direct and automatic. The direct control of the brakes is performed by means of pressure drop in the connecting line 6 when the tractor decelerates. In such case, delivery of compressed air to the trailer pneumatic system stops. The automatic control of the trailer brakes is performed in case of emergency disconnection of the trailer and the tractor due to pressure drop to zero in the trailer connecting line. Note Rules on checking and adjustment of the brake valve of the single-line pneumatic drive are given in clause 3.9.4.2.2.
3.9.3 Double-line pneumatic drive of trailer brakes The double-line pneumatic drive provides controlling brakes of trailers and agricultural machines, equipped with double-line pneumatic brake drives, as well as tire inflation. A diagram for the double-line pneumatic drive is shown in figure 3.9.2.
1- compressor; 2 line from engine intake manifold; 3 condensate drain valve; 4 brake valve; 5 feed line; 6, 7 connecting heads; 8 control line; 9 tank; 10 pressure regulator; 11 air bleed valve; 12 air pressure sensor; 13 emergency air pressure sensor.
Figure 3.9.2 Double-line pneumatic drive of trailer brakes
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Air is taken to the pneumatic drive from the engine intake manifold through the line 2 (Figure 3.9.2). The air is compressed in the compressor 1 and delivered to the tank 9 through the pressure regulator 10 maintaining required pressure in the tank. From the tank, compressed air goes to the brake valve 4 and to the feed line 5 with the connecting head 6 (with red cap) that is always under pressure. The brake valve 4 is connected through the control line 8 with the connecting head 7 (with yellow cap). There is no pressure in it. Brakes of trailers and agricultural machines are controlled in two modes: direct and automatic.
Direct control of the brakes is executed at the cost of pressure rise in the control line 8 to 0.65 - 0.8 MPa when the tractor decelerates. In such case, the feed line 5 remains under pressure, and delivery of compressed air to the trailer pneumatic system is retained.
Automatic control of the brakes (automatic braking) is executed in case of coupling break and disconnection of the trailer due to pressure drop in the trailer feed line.
At the end of the connecting lines the valve-type coupling heads 6 and 7 are installed. The coupling head valves prevent air loss in case of use of the pneumatic drive without a trailer (for example, for tire inflation). When the trailer brake lines are connected to the tractor lines, the coupling head valves open, ensuring passage of compressed air from the tractor pneumatic drive to the trailer. Hereby, it is recommended to connect the pneumatic lines with no pressure in the cylinder 9 of the tractor. Tires are inflated through the air bleed valve 11 of the pressure regulator 10.
Note Rules on checking and adjustment of the brake valve of the double-line pneumatic drive are given in clause 3.9.4.2.3.
3.9.4 Combined pneumatic drive of trailer brakes 3.9.4.1 General information The combined pneumatic drive provides brake control of trailers and agricultural machines, equipped both with single-wire and with two-wire pneumatic brake drive as well as tire inflation. A diagram for the combined pneumatic drive is shown in figure 3.9.3.
1 compressor; 2 line from engine intake manifold; 3 condensate drain valve; 4 brake valve (single-line); 5 connecting line; 6 feed line; 7, 8, 9 connecting heads; 10
control line; 11 brake valve (double-line); 12 tank; 13 pressure regulator; 14 air bleed valve; 15 air pressure sensor; 16 - emergency air pressure sensor. Figure 3.9.3 Diagram of combined pneumatic drive of trailer brakes
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If the trailer with single-line pneumatic drive should be connected, the trailer connecting head will be connected with the connecting head 8 (black color) and air will come to the trailer pneumatic drive. When pressing brake pedals or engaging parking brake compressed air will come out of the connecting line 5 to the atmosphere through the brake valve 4.
The air valve group in the trailer will be actuated, delivering compressed air from the trailer tanks to the brake chambers, and the trailer brakes. In case of emergency trailer detachment the connecting heads get disconnected, air from the trailer line comes out to the atmosphere and the trailer brakes automatically.
The direct brake control is effected at the cost of pressure drop in the connecting line 5 to 0 MPa as the tractor brakes. In such case, delivery of compressed air to the system stops.
Automatic brake control (automatic braking) happens in case of coupling break and trailer disconnection because of pressure loss in the trailer connecting line.
If the trailer with two-line pneumatic drive should be connected, the trailer connecting heads will be connected with the connecting heads 7 (with red cover) and 9 (with yellow cover), that means with feed line 6 and the control line 10. Herewith compressed air constantly comes to the trailer through the feed line 6. When pressing brake pedals or engaging parking brake, compressed air comes to the trailer through the brake valve 11 and the control line 10. The air valve group in the trailer will be actuated, delivering compressed air from the trailer tanks to the brake chambers, and the trailer brakes.
The direct brake control is effected at the cost of pressure rise in the control line 10 to 0,65...0,8 MPa as the tractor brakes. Hereby the feed line 6 remains under pressure and delivery of compressed air to the system is retained.
Automatic brake control (automatic braking) happens in case of coupling break and trailer disconnection because of pressure loss in the trailer feed line.
The connecting heads 7, 8, 9 of valve type are mounted at the connecting line ends. The valves of the connecting heads prevent compressed air outlet, if the pneumatic drive is used without a trailer (for example, for tire inflation). As the trailer brake lines are connected with the tractor brake lines 5, 6, 10, the valves of the connecting heads open, providing passage of the compressed air from the tractor pneumatic drive to the trailer. In this case it is allowed to connect the pneumatic lines of the tractor and the trailer, if there is no pressure in the tank 12 of the tractor.
Air pressure in the tanks 12 is controlled by the air pressure indicator and by the emergency air pressure lamp of red color (located in the instrument cluster), by the air pressure sensor 15 and by the emergency air pressure sensor 16.
The system is provided with a condensate drain valve 3 for drain of condensate from the tanks 12. The condensate is drained thanks to deviation of a pusher sideway and up by a ring.
The air is bled from the pneumatic drive (for tire inflation, etc) through the air bleed valve 14 of the pressure regulator 13.
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3.9.4.2 Check and adjustment of single-line and double-line brake valves of the pneumatic system
3.9.4.2.1 General information ATTENTION: MAKE ADJUSTMENT OF BRAKE VALVE DRIVES WITH THE SERVICE BRAKE PEDALS NOT PRESSED AND THE PARKING BRAKE COMPLETELY TURNED OFF, BOTH BEING PREVIOUSLY ADJUSTED! ATTENTION: CHECK AND IF NECESSARY ADJUSTMENT OF THE SINGLE-LINE AND DOUBLE-LINE BRAKE VALVES OF THE PNEUMATIC SYSTEM SHOULD BE CARRIED OUT AFTER ADJUSTMENT OPERATIONS OF SERVICE BRAKE CONTROL AND OF PARKING BRAKE CONTROL HAVE BEEN CARRIED OUT. 3.9.4.2.2 Check and adjustment of the single-line brake valve actuator of the pneumatic system
1 brake valve; 2 rod; 3 locknut; 4 fork; 5 pin; 6 lever. Figure 3.9.4 Adjustment of the single-line brake valve of the pneumatic system Check and, if necessary, adjustment of the brake valve actuator of single-line pneumatic drive shall be carried out in the following order: 1. Connect a pressure gage with scale division of not less than 1 MPa to the connecting head (with black cover) of the tractor pneumatic drive; 2. Start the engine and fill the tank with air to reach pressure of 0.77... 0.8 MPa as per the pneumatic system air pressure indicator, located on the dashboard. Stop the engine; 3. Air pressure according to the pressure gage connected to the connecting head shall not be lower than 0.77 MPa. If the pressure is lower, perform the following operations: - check length of the rod 2 assembly (figure 3.9.4); - the rod length shall ensure its free (without tension) connection to the lever 6 by means of the pin 5. If it is necessary, adjust its length by turning the fork 4. Lock the fork 4 with the lock-nut 3. 4. If air pressure according to the pressure gage connected to the connecting head, has not reached the required value, replace the brake valve 1. ATTENTION: IF THE BRAKE VALVE 1 (FIGURE 3.9.4) AND ITS ACTUATOR ARE ADJUSTED CORRECTLY, THE PRESSURE ACCORDING TO THE PRESSURE GAGE, CONNECTED TO THE CONNECTING HEAD WITH THE BLACK COVER, SHALL FALL TO ZERO AS THE INTERCONNECTED BRAKE PEDALS ARE FULLY DEPRESSED OR THE PARKING BRAKE FULLY ENGAGED!
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2022.3-0000010 OM 3.9.4.2.3 Check and adjustment of the double-line brake valve actuator of the pneumatic system
1 brake valve; 2 rod; 3 lock-nut; 4 fork; 5 - pin; 6 lever. Figure 3.9.5 Adjustment of the double-line brake valve of the pneumatic system Check and, if necessary, adjustment of the brake valve actuator of double-line pneumatic drive shall be carried out in the following order: 1. Connect a pressure gage with scale division of not less than 1 MPa to the connecting head (with yellow cover) of the tractor pneumatic drive; 2. Start the engine and fill the tank with air to reach pressure of 0.77... 0.8 MPa as per the pneumatic system air pressure indicator, located on the dashboard. Stop the engine; 3. Air pressure according to the pressure gage connected to the connecting head (with yellow cover) of the control line shall equal to zero. Shift the interconnected brake pedals to the max. travel. The pressure shall rise to 0.65...0.8 MPa. Release the brake pedals. Engage the parking brake, moving its handle to the max. value. The pressure shall rise to 0.65...0.8 MPa. If the pressure per the pressure gage, connected to the connecting head of the control line does not correspond to the stated above, perform the following operations: - check length of the rod 2 assembly (figure 3.9.5); - the rod length shall ensure its free (without tension) connection to the lever 6 by means of the pin 5. If it is necessary, adjust its length by turning the fork 4. Lock the fork 4 with the lock-nut 3. 4. If air pressure according to the pressure gage, connected to the connecting head, has not reached the required value, replace the brake valve 1. ATTENTION: IF THE BRAKE VALVE 1 (FIGURE 3.9.5) IS IN GOOD ORDER AND ITS ACTUATOR 1 IS ADJUSTED CORRECTLY, THE PRESSURE ACCORDING TO THE PRESSURE GAGE, CONNECTED TO THE CONNECTING HEAD (WITH THE YELLOW COVER) OF THE CONTROL LINE, SHALL RISE FROM ZERO TO 0.65...0.8 MPA AS THE INTERCONNECTED BRAKE PEDALS ARE FULLY DEPRESSED OR THE PARKING BRAKE LEVER DISPLACED TO THE MAX. VALUE!
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3.9.5 Check and adjustment of pneumatic system pressure regulator It is necessary to adjust the pneumatic system pressure regulator during maintenance MS3, and also when the pressure regulator operation is disturbed as well as after its disassembly for washing or for replacement of worn out parts. Check and adjustment of the pneumatic system pressure regulator should be made after adjustment of service brake control, of parking brake control and brake valve actuator. Check the pneumatic system pressure regulator in the following order: - connect the pressure gage (with scale factor of 0,01 ...0,02 MPa and scale at least up to1,6 MPa) to the connecting head with red cover; - take off a cap 1 (figure 3.9.6); - using a wrench screw a cover 2 to the casing against the stop; - turn the pneumatic compressor on; - start the engine and fill the tank with compressed air until a safety valve 7 is actuated at pressure of 0.85... 1 MPa. If the valve is actuated at pressure less than 0.85 MPa or more than 1 MPa, make its adjustment with a screw 9, having previously loosened and then having tightened a lock-nut 8. Adjust the pneumatic system pressure regulator in the following order: - gradually unscrewing of the cover 2, adjust force of springs 3 and 4 so that air pressure in the tank, at which a relief valve 6 opens, made 0.77 to 0.8 MPa; - mark this position of the cover 2 using paint applied on a treaded part of the casing and put the cap 1; - slightly open the condensate drain valve in the tank and reduce air pressure to 0.65 ...0.7 MPa. At this pressure values the valve 6 should close and switch the pneumatic compressor over to tank filling with compressed air; - disconnect the test pressure gage from the connecting head.
1 cap; 2 cover; 3 outer spring; 4 inner spring; 5 filter; 6 relief valve; 7 safety valve; 8 lock-nut; 9 adjusting screw.
Figure 3.9.6 Pneumatic system pressure regulator Note: Filter 5 (figure 3.9.6) is mounted only in the regulator 80-3512010. The other regulators of the pneumatic system do not have the filter mounted.
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3.10 Transmission hydraulic system
A transmission hydraulic system circuit diagram is shown in figure 3.10.1. A list of parts of the transmission hydraulic system (without FPTO), shown in figure 3.10.1, is introduced in table 3.1.
Table 3.1
Designation
Title
A1
Pump drive
Q-ty
Note
1
1
Transmission case
1
1
Gear pump
1
Mesh filter
1
Safety valve
1 Q=25sm³/rev.; p=2,5 MPa
1 2.5 mm 1 2.0-0,1 MPa
2
Coarse oil filter
2
Relief valve
2
Filtering element
1 1 0.35 MPa 1 80 m, 45 max
3 1 2
3
3
1 2 3 4
Distributing filter 80-1737110 Hydraulic system valve Lubrication valve
Filter valve
Rotor with center
Sensor of transmission oil pressure
Cock
Damping device
Valve group RH06101-012/00GAM
FDA engaging clutch DL clutch Brake Friction clutch
Hydraulic cylinder
1 1 1.0...1.2 MPa 1 0.20...0.25
MPa 1 0.77...0.83
MPa 1 0,025 mm
1 0...2.0 MPa
1
1
1
1 1 1 1
1
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Figure 3.10.1 Transmission hydraulic system circuit diagram (without FPTO) The hydraulic system is meant to ensure controlling the GB reduction unit, FDA drive, rear PTO, FPTO (if installed), rear axle DL, clutch hydraulic booster and also lubrication of transmission bearings, cooling of transmission components and cleaning of transmission oil. The gear oil pump 1 (figure 3.10.1) with a disengageable drive mechanism is mounted on the left side of the clutch body. The pump sucks oil from the transmission case 1 through the mesh suction filter 1 and supplies it to the system through the safety valve 1, adjusted for the pressure of 1.8...2 MPa, to the full-flow mesh filter A2 and further to the centrifugal distributing filter A3. Apart from filtering elements a ball valve 2 is mounted in the mesh filter A2 housing, it provides overflow of the working fluid when the inlet and outlet pressure difference exceeds 0.35MPa. The cleaned oil is supplied under the pressure of 0.9...1 MPa to electro-hydraulic valves P, controlling the FDA drive, the rear axle DL and the GB reduction unit, accordingly. The electrohydraulic valves are connected by means of oil pipelines with the executive mechanisms: FDA drive friction clutch 1 for FDA drive on/off; piston 2 for rear axle DL clutch on/off; hydraulic cylinder for engaging higher or lower passes of the GB reduction unit. Oil is also supplied under pressure to the cock KP controlling the rear PTO and to the clutch hydraulic booster. The cock directs the flow to the friction clutch 4 or the brake 3. For smooth engagement of the friction clutch 4 a damping device is mounted in the hydraulic line. The oil, cleaned by the centrifugal oil filter A3, is supplied to the lubrication system under the pressure of 0.2...2.5 MPa, maintained by the lubrication valve (lower valve of the distributing filter 2). Further the oil is delivered to bearings of the GB shafts, of the planetary reduction units: rear axle final drives, support of FDA drive sliding fork. The oil, drained through the lubrication valve and the middle valve of the distributing filter, lubricates the differential and the rear axle main drive.
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2022.3-0000010 OM 3.11 Front driving axle 3.11.1 General information The front driving axle is intended for torque transfer from the engine to front driving wheels of the tractor. The front driving axle consists of one-piece cast axle beam 3 (figure 3.11.1), a central reduction unit 4 with a main drive and a differential, attached to the FDA beam with the bolts, final drive reduction units 1, 7, connected with the axle beam by means of kingpin spindle 2. Turning of the wheel hub drives is controlled by a steering rod 5, linked with the cases of the final drive reduction units by means levers 6.
1, 7 left final drive reduction unit; 2 kingpin spindle; 3 frond driving axle beam; 4 central reduction unit; 5 steering rod; 6 lever.
Figure 3.11.1 Front driving axle
3.11.2 Central reduction unit A housing 5 (figure 3.11.2) of the central reduction unit is attached to the FDA beam with bolts. The housing includes bevel gears 12, 25 of the main drive and a limited-slip self-locking differential, including axle shaft gears 23, differential cages 15, disks 16, 17, pinions 21, pinion shafts 20, mounted in cases 13, 14, braced with bolts 11. The self-locking differential connects automatically both axle shafts 9, 22 into one piece at separated skidding of the front wheels. Under the influence of axial forces the cages 15 compress the disks 16, 17, bringing the axle shaft gears in contact with the differential cases. The differential gets locked at linear movement. As the tractor turns, outer forces exceed friction in the disks, that skid and the differential gets unlocked. Preload of the drive gear 25 tapered bearings 2, 4 shall make 0.01 to 0.04 and is adjusted by matching spacer rings 3 and tightening a nut 1 with a torque of 120 to 150 Nm. The preload shall correspond to the antitorque moment of the drive gear (without collars 26 installed) of 0.2 to 1.4 Nm. Preload of 0.01 to 0.08 Nm in bearings 6, 24 of the differential and clearance of 0.18 to 0.25 Nm in the meshing of gears of the main drive 12, 25 are adjusted by nuts 7, 19 with lock plates 18 and by bolts 10. The total antitorque moment with due account for preload in the bearings of the gear 25 shall make 0.8 to 7.4 Nm. Adjustments of the central reduction unit of the FDA are complicated operations and must be performed by dealers only.
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1 nut; 2,4 tapered roller bearing; 3 spacer rings; 5 housing; 6, 24 tapered roller bearing; 7,19 adjusting nut; 8 level/fill plug; 9,22 axle shaft; 10 locking bolt; 11 bolt; 12 driven gear; 13,14 differential case; 15 cage; 16,17 disks; 18 lock plate; 20 pinion shaft; 21 pinion; 23 axle shaft gear; 25 drive gear; 26 collar.
Figure 3.11.2 Central reduction unit 3.11.3 Wheel gear group The wheel gear group set is a parallel-shaft planetary reduction unit, which is meant for transfer and increase of torque from the FDA differential at various turning angles of the front driving wheels. The reduction unit consists of a double joint, a cylindrical and planetary drive, pivot connection and levers controlling front wheel turning. The double joint 21 (figure 3.11.3) is connected with the FDA differential by means of a shaft 17 from one side, and with a drive gear 9, meshed with a driven gear 27 of the cylindrical drive. The drive gear is mounted on tapered roller bearings 10. A toothed ring of the gear 27 is in constant mesh with a sun gear 2 of the planetary drive, which drives a front wheel flange 30 through pinions 4, shafts 3, a carrier 29 and a crown ring 5. The flange is installed in roller bearings 1 and 25, adjusted without a clearance. The bearings are adjusted by tightening the nut 32 with a torque of 180 to 200 Nm and its further undoing by the angle of 15 to 20°. The pivot connection is created by upper and lower pins 14, 24 and tapered roller bearings 16, 23, installed in bores of a knuckle housing 26 and an axle beam 18. Preload in the bearings 16, 23 is adjusted by shims 15. The force to turn the wheel group in relation to the pivot center, applied to the wheel group flange, shall make 60 to 80 Nm. Clearance in bearings 10 of the drive gear shall not exceed 0.05 mm, it is adjusted by shims 22.
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1, 25 tapered roller bearing; 2 sun gear; 3 shaft; 4 pinion; 5 crown ring; 6 plate; 7 breather; 8 bolt; 9 drive gear; 10 tapered roller bearing; 11 cage; 12 oiler; 13 bolt; 14 upper pivot pin; 15 shim; 16, 23 tapered roller bearing; 17 axle shaft; 18 axle beam; 19 cage; 20 collar; 21 doubled joint; 22 shim; 24 lower pivot pin; 26
housing; 27 driven gear; 28 drain plug; 29 carrier; 30 flange; 31 nut; 32 nut. Figure 3.11.3 Wheel gear group
The max. turning angle of the wheel group 1 housing (figure 3.11.4) from the position corresponding to the linear movement shall make 39 to 40°. Adjust with the screw 2, having previously undone the locknut 3. After the adjustment lock the screw 2 with the locknut 3.
1 wheel group of FDA final drive; 2 adjusting screw; 3 locknut. Figure 3.11.4 Adjustment of FDA wheel group turning angle 122
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3.11.4 FDA drive 3.11.4.1 General information
2022.3-0000010 OM
1 gear; 2 piston; 3 drum; 4 jaw semi-clutch; 5 spring; 6 shaft; 7 splined bushing; 8 torsion member; 9 cardan shaft fork; 10 housing; 11 electro-hydraulic valve group; 12 pusher; 13 switch; 14 plug.
Figure 3.11.5 FDA drive
The FDA drive is intended for torque transfer from the gear box secondary shaft through the FDA drive gear, a multidisk frictional hydraulically-operated clutch, a torsion member and a cardan shaft to the front driving axle.
FDA drive is engaged (disengaged) with a help of a hydraulic clutch according to a signal from the sensor, which is influenced by a free wheel mechanism depending on the rear wheel skidding. The FDA drive is located in the gearbox body to the right as viewed along tractor movement; hereby the torsion shaft crosses the coupling clutch case. The support for the cardan shaft sliding fork is mounted in the coupling clutch case.
The drive consists of the following parts and components: The shaft 6 (figure 3.11.5) is installed in the gearbox body on roller bearings. The gear 1, staying in constant meshing with the FDA drive gear, is running freely on the shaft (with the clutch disengaged). With the clutch engaged, the gear 1 is connected with the drum 3 of the hydraulic clutch with friction disk pack, the disks are pressed by the piston 2 under oil pressure. The drum and the jaw half-clutch 4 of the free wheel mechanism are mounted on splines of the shaft 6, hereby the splined connection allows the drum to turn in respect of the shaft by 45°. The half-clutch is constantly pressed to the drum jaws by the spring 5 and can displace in axial direction, influencing the pusher 12, which in its turn influences the ball of FDA drive automatic switch. The torsion member 8 connects the shaft 6 with the cardan shaft sliding fork through the splined bushing 7. As the tractor moves forward without skidding, the shaft 6, connected with the FDA wheels, has a bigger speed than the gear 1, and the drum 3 turns in respect of the shaft. The drum 3 jaws move the half-clutch on the shaft splines in axial direction, compressing the spring 5. Hereby contacts of the FDA drive automatic switch 13 are opened and the electromagnet of the hydraulic valve group 11 is de-energized, there is no pressure in the friction clutch booster.
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As the rear wheel skidding exceeds the preset value, the shaft 6 speed decreases to such extent that the drum 3 turns in an opposite direction and the spring 5 returns the half-clutch 4 into its initial position. The half-clutch displaces the pusher 12 with its tapered part, the switch 13 closes the electrical circuit of the hydraulic valve group 11 electromagnet, oil is supplied to the clutch booster under pressure, thus moving the piston 2. Hereby the disk pack gets compressed, locking the gear 1 and the drum 3 and ensuring torque transfer.
As the FDA is positively engaged, oil is supplied to the clutch booster irrespective of the rear wheel skidding. As the FDA is disengaged the valve group overlaps the charging line, and oil goes from the clutch booster for drain. For checking pressure in the drive clutch booster there is a testing hole, shut with a plug 14. The switch 13 and the electro-hydraulic valve group 11 are guarded with a housing 10.
Rules for FDA drive control are provided in section 2 "Controls and instruments". 3.11.4.2 Adjustment of FDA drive automatic switch
1 drum; 2 half-clutch; 3 pusher; 4 shim; 5 switch; 6 cover. Figure 3.11.6 Adjustment of FDA drive automatic switch
The adjustment of the switch 5 (figure 3.11.6) shall be carried out after the hydraulic clutch has been assembled and the cover 6 has been mounted on the transmission in the following order:
- turn the drum 1 and set put it into position "I", when the jaws of the half-clutch 2 and the drum 1 are fully closed, the pusher 3 is projected into the extreme position;
- mount the initial number of the adjusting shims 4 (five or six pieces) under the end surface of the switch 5;
- removing one adjusting shim 4, achieve the switch position, when its contacts are closed;
- put the half-clutch 2 into position "II", when the jaws of the half-clutch 2 and the drum 1 are fully opened, the pusher 3 is recessed to the extreme position;
- check opening of the switch 5 contacts in position "II". The switch is considered correctly adjusted if its contacts are closed in position "I" and opened in position "II". Check per the pilot lamp. It is possible to check per the annunciator on the dashboard, with the FDA drive control button in the upper position. ATTENTION: IN POSITION "I" THE DIMENSION "A" FROM THE PUSHER 3 END SURFACE (FIGURE 3.11.6) TO THE SWITCH 5 END SURFACE BEING BELOW 11,5 MM IS NOT PREMITTED! VIOLATION OF THIS REQUIREMENT MAY RESULT IN SWITCH BREAKDOWN!
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2022.3-0000010 OM 3.12 Electronic system for rear-axle differential lock control, front driving axle drive control, and front power take off shaft control 3.12.1 Rear axle differential lock control Elements of electronic rear axle DL control system are shown in figure 3.12.1.
1 control panel; 2 rear axle DL control switch; 3 rear axle DL "on" annunciator; 4 fuse block; 5 rear axle DL control valve group; 6 sensor of guide wheels turning angle; 7 bracket activating/deactivating sensor of guide wheels turning angle; 8 bracket for attaching sensor of guide wheel turning angle.
Figure 3.12.1 Rear axle DL control The rear axle DL control system consists of the following elements: - a button switch 2 (figure 3.12.1) of real axle DL control and a rear axle DL "on" annunciator 3, located on the control panel 1; - a sensor of guide wheel turning angle 6, mounted on the FDA at its left; - two sensors of service brakes "on" state, located in the cab over the brake pedals; - a valve group 5, mounted on the GB cover to its right and hydraulically linked with the rear axle DL clutch engagement cylinder, connecting cables. The system is powered from the tractor on-board electrical circuit through the fuse block 4. The rear axle DL control system gets powered after the engine has been started. The switch 2 has three positions: - "Automatic lock" (upper part of the button is pressed fixed position); - "Positive lock" (lower part of the button is pressed non-fixed position); - "Lock off" (middle position). In position of the switch 2 "Lock off" the rear axle DL clutch is connected with drain. In position of the switch 2 "Automatic lock" the valve group 5 turns on, it directs oil flow under pressure to the clutch working cavity and the rear axle DL is locked. The differential is unlocked automatically when the front wheels are turned to the angle of more than 13° to any direction from the straightline position or when one or both service brakes are engaged.
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If it is necessary to lock the rear wheel for short time, irrespective of any conditions, including turning, set the switch 2 into position "Positive lock" and hold it down in this position. As the rear axle DL is on, the annunciator 3 lights up. Releasing the switch unlocks the DL ("Lock off"), the annunciator 3 goes out.
ATTENTION: TRACTOR TRAVEL SPEED WITH DL LOCK ON SHALL NOT EXCEED 13 KM/H!
IT IS FORBIDDEN TO RUN THE TRACTOR WITH DL LOCK CONSTANTLY ENGAGED WHEN MOVING ON ROADS WITH HARD SURFACE!
3.12.2 FDA drive control The FDA drive control system consists of the following elements: - a button switch 2 (figure 3.12.2) of FDA control and FDA drive "on" annunciator 3, located on the control panel 1; - a sensor of guide wheel turning angle 7, mounted on the FDA at its right; - two sensors of service brakes "on" state, located in the cab over the brake pedals; - a sensor 6 of FDA drive automatic engagement; - a valve group 5, located on the GB cover to its right, connecting cables.
1 control panel; 2 FDA drive control switch; 3 FDA drive "on" annunciator; 4 fuse block; 5 FDA drive control valve group; 6 sensor of FDA drive automatic engagement; 7 sensor of guide wheel turning angle; 8 bracket for attaching sensor of guide wheel turning angle; 9 bracket activating/deactivating sensor of guide wheels turning angle.
Figure 3.12.2 FDA drive control
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The system is powered from the tractor on-board electrical circuit through the fuse block 4. The FDA drive control system gets powered after the engine has been started.
The switch 2 has three positions: - "FDA automatic control" (upper fixed position); - "FDA engaged positively" (lower fixed position); - "FDA off" (middle fixed position). In position of the switch 2 "FDA off" the FDA drive clutch is connected with drain and FDA drive is off. In position of the switch 2 "FDA automatic control" the FDA drive is automatically engaged as the tractor moves forward by the sensor 6, sending enabling signal, depending on the rear wheel skidding. Herewith, oil flow is supplied under pressure to the FDA drive engaging clutch. The FDA drive is disabled automatically when the front wheels are turned to the angle of more than 25° to any direction from the straight line position. As the tractor reverses and the FDA is controlled automatically, the FDA drive always disengages. When the switch 2 is set into position "FDA engaged positively" the FDA drive is forcedly engaged at forward motion as well as at reverse irrespective of the front wheel turning angle and skidding. ATTENTION: PRESSING THE INTERCONNECTED BRAKE PEDALS ENGAGES THE FDA DRIVE IRRESPECTIVE OF THE SWITCH 2 POSITION! ATTENTION: DRIVING ON ROADS WITH HARD SURFACE THE FDA SHALL BE DISENGAGED TO AVOID INCREASED WEAR OF FRONT TYRES AND PARTS OF THE DRIVE! ATTENTION: IT IS FORBIDDEN TO ENGAGE THE FDA POSITIVELY WHEN TRACTOR SPEED EXCEEDS 13 KM/H!
3.12.3 Front PTO control The FPTO is mounted on "BELARUS - 2022.3/2022.3" tractor against order. Elements of the electrical part of FPTO control are introduced in subsection 2.14 "Control panel for rear axle DL, FDA and FPTO drives. Rear power takeoff control." An electric circuit diagram of the FPTO control system is introduced in figure 3.12.3. Elements of the hydraulic part of FPTO control are introduced in subsection 3.7 "Front power takeoff shaft".
1 FPTO switch; 2 two-position FPTO switch; 3 FPTO "on" annunciator; 4 relay; 5 diode; 6 electromagnet of FPTO valve group; 7 junction block.
Figure 3.12.3 Electric circuit diagram of the FPTO control system
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3.13 Undercarriage and tractor wheels
The tractors BELARUS-1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3 are equipped with front and rear wheels with low-pressure pneumatic tires:
- 580/70R42 rear tires (doubled basic configuration for 2022.3/2022.3, single basic configuration for 1822.3/1822.3);
- 420/70R42 front tires basic configuration; The following tires can be installed against order: - 480/65R24 front tires, installed only together with rear tires 580/70R42; - 11.2R42 rear tires, used only in a doubled set completed with front tires 11.2R24; - 11.2R24 front tires, installed only in a set completed with rear tires 11.2R42.
Parameters of tires used with tractors BELARUS-1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3 are shown in table 3.2.
Table 3.2 Tire parameters
Tire size
Sectional width, mm
Rolling radius, mm 1)
580/70R42
577
908
11.2R42
284
740
420/70R24
420
--
480/65R24
475
--
11.2R24
284
--
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1) In present section rolling radiuses are given only for rear tires, which are
necessary for programming speed of integrated indicator as it is specified in subsec-
tion 3.21.3 "Programming order of the integrated indicator".
The front wheels of the tractor are mounted on flanges of FDA wheel reduction units.
Rear wheels of the tractor are mounted on hubs, which consist of split tapered inserts 3 and 4 (figure 3.13.1) and a hub body 2.
The inserts are tightened in the hub body with eight bolts 1 (M20) with a torque of 550 to 600 N·m and thus they clench the axle shaft.
1 tie bolts; 2 hub body; 3 upper insert; 4 lower insert; 5 dismantling holes. Figure 3.13.1 Rear wheel hub
Tire operating rules, selection of best internal pressure in tires depending on working conditions and tractor axes loading and also methods of track adjustment and of wheel doubling are described in subsection 4.2 "Tractor use".
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3.14 Hydrostatic steering control
3.14.1 General information
The hydrostatic steering control (HSC) is intended for turning guide wheels, for steering effort decrease as the tractor turns.
The HSC hydraulic circuit diagram for BELARUS-1822.3/2022.3 tractors is shown in figure 3.14.1.
The HSC of BELARUS-1822.3/2022.3 consists of a dosing pump 2 (figure 3.14.1), two differential hydraulic cylinders 1, making a turn, a feed pump 3 driven by the engine, an oil tank 5 and hydraulic fittings.
The oil tank 5 with a 25 micron coarse filter 4 serve as an oil reservoir. The valve 6 is installed in the system, it ensures operation of the HSC emergency oil pressure sensor.
The dosing pump 2 is mounted on the steering column, the hydraulic cylinders of the turn 1 are mounted on the front driving axle of the tractor, the feed pump 3 is mounted on the engine. The dosing pump 2 is linked with cavities of the hydraulic cylinders of the turn, with the feed pump and the oil tank 5 by means of oil pipelines. At linear movement the cavities of the cylinder 1 are locked by spool lands of the dosing pump 2, and oil from feed pump 5, arriving to the dosing pump 2, comes back into the oil tank 5. As you rotate the steering wheel, the spool of the dosing pump 2 displaces, ensuring oil supply into one of the cavities of the hydraulic cylinder of the turn 1 in the volume that corresponds to the turning angle of steering wheel. Oil from the other cavity of the hydraulic cylinder 1 comes back through the dosing pump 2 into the oil tank 5.
The HSC hydraulic circuit diagram for BELARUS-1822.3/2022.3 tractors is shown in figure 3.14.2.
The HSC of BELARUS-1822.3/2022.3 consists of two dosing pumps 2 and 3 (figure 3.14.2), a reverse tap 4, two differential hydraulic cylinders 1, making a turn, a feed pump 5 driven by the engine, hydraulic fittings.
The reverse tap is installed to ensure HSC operation at forward travel and at reverse. The reverse tap is installed under the bonnet. The reverse tap 4 is controlled by moving the handle into any of two positions until it is secured in each of them.
The oil tank 7 with a 25 micron coarse filter 6 serve as an oil reservoir. The valve 7 is installed in the system, it ensures operation of the HSC emergency oil pressure sensor.
The dosing pumps 2 and 3 are mounted on the steering columns, the hydraulic cylinders of the turn 1 are mounted on the front driving axle of the tractor, the feed pump 5 is mounted on the engine. The dosing pumps 2 and 3 are linked with cavities of the hydraulic cylinders of the turn, with the feed pump and the oil tank by means of oil pipelines. At linear movement the cavities of the cylinder 1 are locked by spool lands of the dosing pump 2 or 3, and oil from feed pump 5, arriving to the dosing pump 2 or 3, comes back into the oil tank. As you rotate the steering wheel, the spool of the dosing pump 2 or 3 displaces, ensuring oil supply into one of the cavities of the hydraulic cylinder of the turn 1 in the volume that corresponds to the turning angle of steering wheel. Oil from the other cavity of the hydraulic cylinder 1 comes back through the dosing pump 2 or 3 into the oil tank.
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1 hydraulic cylinders; 2 dosing pump; 3 feed pump; 4 filter; 5 oil tank; 6 valve; charging; drain; L left turn; R right turn.
Figure 3.14.1 HSC hydraulic circuit diagram for BELARUS-1822.3/2022.3 tractors 130
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1 hydraulic cylinders; 2 dosing pump; 3 feed pump for reverse; 4 reverse tap; 5 feed pump; 6 filter; 7 oil tank; 8 valve; charging; drain; L left turn; R right turn.
Figure 3.14.2 HSC hydraulic circuit diagram for BELARUS-1822.3/2022.3 tractors 3.14.2 Dosing pump The dosing pumps for forward and reverse motion are gerotor-type pumps with
¨open center¨ and with no reaction to steering wheel. The dosing pump includes a tilting unit I (figure 3.14.3), a valve group II, a return valve 9, two anti-shock valves 7, a safety valve 6 and two air-inlet valves 8.
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1 stator; 2 rotor; 3 spool; 4 driving shaft; 5 sleeve; 6 safety valve; 7 antishock valves; 8 air-inlet valves; 9 return valve; 10 casing. I tilting unit; II valve group
Figure 3.14.3 Dosing pump The gerotor tilting unit I (figure 3.14.3) consists of stator 1, which is attached to the casing 10, and of a rotating rotor 2 connected with spool 3 through the driving shaft 4. The valve group II consists of a casing 10, a sleeve 5 and a spool 3, having a splined connection with the driving shaft end extension of the steering column. The safety valve 6 limits max. pressure in the charging line within the limits of 14,0... 14,5 MPa. The anti-shock valves 7 limit pressure in the cylinder lines under impact load. Pressure of anti-shock valves is to be adjusted within 20 and 22 MPa. The air inlet valves 8 provide for the necessary delivery of the working liquid to the hydraulic cylinder at emergency operation and as the anti-shock valves go off. 3.14.3 Steering hydraulic cylinder The tractor is equipped with FDA with two hydraulic cylinders 3 (figure 3.14.4) and a steering tie rod, mounted behind the FDA. Cylinder rods are connected with pivoted levers 2 of the wheel gear group housings through cone pins 1, and the hydraulic cylinder bodies are connected with a cylinder bracket 6, which is mounted on the FDA casing. Spherical joints 4, that require periodical lubrication through grease cups 5, are installed in the eyes of the hydraulic cylinder bodies and in the rod heads.
1 cone pin; 2 lever of wheel gear group; 3 hydraulic cylinder; 4 sperical joint; 5 grease cup; 6 cylinder bracket.
Figure 3.14.4 FDA with two hydraulic cylinders in the steering linkage and a steering tie rod.
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2022.3-0000010 OM The steering hydraulic cylinder consists of a body 3 (figure3.14.5), a rod 4, a piston 1, a cover 6 and a cap nut 8. The piston is fixed on the rod with a nut 15, which is locked by punching of the land in rod 4 slots. In eyes of the body and the rod, spherical bearings 7, that have channels in the inner race for lubrication of friction surfaces through the oiler in the pin, are installed. In the cover 6 a seal 9 (wiper seal), rod guides 13, that exclude friction of the rod and the cover, and rod packings 10 are installed. An integrated seal 14, that excludes friction of the piston and cylinder liner, is mounted on the piston.
1 piston; 2, 12 sealing ring; 3 body; 4 rod; 5 lock screw; 6 front cover; 7 spherical bearing; 8 cap nut; 9 rod seal; 10 rod packings; 11 safety ring, 13 rod guide, 14 piston packing; 15 piston nut.
Figure 3.14.5 Steering hydraulic cylinder 3.14.4 HSC oil tank The oil tank of a welded design with a 6L capacity is mounted behind the storage batteries. It has an in-built drain filter 2 (figure 3.14.6) with a replaceable paper filtering element of 25 micron fineness. Oil is filled through a filler neck with a plug 3. The oil filter is equipped with a safety valve 5. Oil lever is checked by means of a dipstick 4. For oil drain there is a drain plug 1
1 drain plug; 2 filter; 3 filler neck; 4 oil dipstick; 5 safety valve. Figure 3.14.6 HSC oil tank
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2022.3-0000010 OM 3.15 Hydraulic lift linkage (HLL) 3.15.1 General information The hydraulic lift linkage ensures operation of the linkage and hydraulic working units of agricultural implements coupled with the tractor. It provides a possibility of using depth, draft, position or combined means for adjusting running depth of agricultural machines and implements. The rear lift linkage is operated by a regulator with electromagnetic control, that ensures draft, position, combined means of control when operating with mounted and semi-mounted implements. The hydraulic lift linkage shown includes the following main components: o a welded oil tank 2 (figure 3.15.1) with a filler neck 1, mounted on the upper surface of the coupling body; o arms 4, controlling spools of the sections of the "BOSCH" integrated unit 5; o a gear-type oil pump 14 with a drive 15, proving 1890 rpm of the pump at rated speed of the engine, it is mounted on the left of the coupling body; o high pressure hose 12; o drain oil filter 10 with a free drain clutch 9 (free drain is provided to meet the requirement of coupling the agricultural machines that have a hydraulic drive for working unit constant operation (hydraulic motor), for example seeders); o low-pressure pipelines 7, 8, 11. Drainage from the RLL hydraulic cylinder rod end is provided to prevent environmental discharge of oil. Note A hydraulic unit 70-1523.1 may be installed instead of "BOSCH" integrated unit.
1 filler neck of HLL tank; 2 HLL oil tank; 3 oil level gage; 4 arms to control HLL valve group sections; 5 valve group ("BOSCH" integrated unit); 6 pressure pipe; 7, 8,11 low-pressure oil pipelines; 9 free-drain clutch; 10 drain oil filter; 12 high-pressure delivery hose; 13 oil pipeline for hydraulic cylinder drain; 14 HLL oil pump; 15 oil pump drive; 16 oil tank breather.
Figure 3.15.1 Location of lift linkage components on the tractor 134
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2022.3-0000010 OM Hydraulic circuit diagram of "BELARUS-1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3 HLL with "Bosch" hydraulic units is shown in figure 3.15.2.
Figure 3.15.2 Hydraulic circuit diagram of HLL for tractors with "Bosch" hydraulic units 135
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2022.3-0000010 OM Hydraulic circuit diagram of BELARUS-1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3 HLL with the hydraulic unit 70-1523.1 is shown in figure 3.15.3.
Figure 3.15.3 Hydraulic circuit diagram of HLL for tractors with hydraulic unit 70 -1523.1. 136
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2022.3-0000010 OM 3.15.2 Oil tank The tractor has an oil tank 2 installed (figure 3.15.1) with a capacity of 35±0,5 liters, which is equipped with a breather 16 and oil an oil level gage 3. Oil is filled through a filler neck 1. For oil drain there is a plug on the tank lower surface. The tank has an HLL emergency oil temperature indicator installed, as specified in subsection 3.16 "HLL emergency state indication". 3.15.3 HLL pump drive The HLL oil pump is gear-type, with right-side rotation. The pump drive is disengageable, coupling clutch independent, mounted on the left side of the coupling clutch body. The HLL pump drive consists of a housing 1 (figure 3.15.4), a gear 2, mounted on splines of a shaft 3, rotating on two roller bearings. Balls 4, placed in the hole of the shaft 3, close or open the shaft and a splined bushing 5 by means of a sleeve 6. The sleeve 6 is controlled by a yoke through a tetrahedron of a shaft 7. The gear 2 is permanently meshed with the PTO drive gear. In a disengaged position the sleeve 6 is displaced to the extreme right position, the balls 4 come out of meshing with the bushing 5 under the influence of centrifugal forces, and the shaft 3 and the gear 2 are freely rotating on the bearings. In engaged position (the sleeve is displaced into the extreme left position) the balls 4 are driven into the holes of the bushing 5 by cone part of the sleeve 6, and rotation is transferred to the pump shaft from the gear 2 through the shaft 3 and the splined bushing 5. The drive provides 1890 rpm of the pump 10 shaft at engine rated speed, and the ball-type clutch (members 3, 4, 5, 6) allows to turn the pump on/off with the engine running at min. idle speed. Rules of turning the HLL pump on/off are given in clause 2.16.1.
1 drive housing; 2 gear; 3 shaft; 4 balls; 5 pump shaft bushing; 6 sleeve; 7 shifting shaft; 8 lock plate; 9 bolt; 10 HLL pump.
Figure 3.15.4 Pump drive
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2022.3-0000010 OM 3.15.4 Valve group The HLL valve group in its basic configuration is an integrated unit of "BOSCH" company. The integrated unit "BOSCH" consists of a spool hydraulic valve 3 (figure 3.15.5) and a regulator 2 with lift linkage electromagnetic control. The hydraulic valve 3 is three-section, four-position, open-centre, of "BOSCH" company. The second and third section spools can be fixed in positions "neutral" and "floating". The first section spool can be fixed in positions "uplift", "neutral" and "floating", it is equipped with a device of automatic return from the position "uplift" to the position "neutral" as the preset value is achieved. The discharge openings of the valve sections are used for rear outlets of the hydraulic system, in case the front lift linkage is mounted the hydraulic cylinders are powered from a middle section of the valve with use of high-pressure hoses. The valve spools are operated by two-directional cables 5, providing control of the valve spools 4 by means of control levers 7, which are located on a panel to the right of the operator's seat. The cable braiding is fixed by means of nuts in a bracket 6 from one side, and in adapters 4 of the valve. Shifting the lever from "neutral" position forward along tractor movement sets the spools into positions "lower" and "floating"; backward into position "uplift".
1 high-pressure hoses; 2 regulator R-23 LS; 3 hydraulic valve; 4 spools (adapters); 5 operating cables; 6 bracket; 7 control levers; 8 hydraulic cylinder 90250; «I» first spool lever; «II» second spool lever; «III» third spool lever.
Figure 3.15.5 HLL valve control
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Instead of the "BOSCH" integrated unit your tractor may be equipped with a hydraulic unit 70-1523.1, introduced in figure 3.15.6.
If the tractor is equipped with the hydraulic unit 70-1523.1, the first section spool, that can be fixed in positions "uplift", "neutral" and "floating", doesn't have the option of automatic return from the position "uplift" to the position "neutral" as the preset pressure is achieved. With the hydraulic unit 70-1523.1 installed, it is required to return the lever to the "neutral" position manually after the "uplift" operation has been carried out.
1 1-; 2 70-8-0-; 3 70-20. 3.15.6 70-1523.1
3.15.5 Installation and adjustments of position and force sensors of RLL ECS 3.15.5.1 General information A position sensor 8 (figure 3.18.1) and force sensors 10 and 11 serve to ensure position, draft and combined control of the RLL, as specified in subsection 3.18 "Rear lift linkage electronic control system". 3.15.5.2 Installation and adjustment of the position sensor The BELARUS 1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3 tractor may be equipped with position sensors of "BOSCH" company or with position sensors -01 manufactured by "Izmeritel" plant. The position sensor 6 (figure 3.15.7 and 3.15.8), be it "BOSCH" or -01 of "Izmeritel" plant, is screwed into a hole in a cover 4 of the rear axle and is controlled by a cam 3, attached to a turn shaft 2. To install the "BOSCH" sensor proceed as follows: o raise the RLL to the extreme upper position, herewith the sensor ball shall stay opposite a mark "A" or a little displaced to a mark "" (figure 3.15.7); o if this is not effected; release a screw 1 and turn the cam 3 by a required angle, tighten the screw 1; o screw the sensor 6 in manually to the end of its thread, then turn it out by 0.5...1.0 rev. and lock with a nut 5. If the sensor is installed correctly, the indicator of the RLL uplift goes out as the RLL reaches its extreme uplift position. ATTENTION: DO NOT WRENCH THE NUT 5 OFF IN ORDER NOT TO DAMAGE THE SENSOR 6, MADE OF ALLUMINIUM ALLOY! ATTENTION: OPERATION OF "BOSCH" SENSOR IS POSSIBLE ONLY IN A SET WITH A CAM OF "BOSCH" COMPANY!
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1 screw; 2 turn shaft; 3 cam; 4 cover; 5 lock nut; 6 position sensor; «» mark on ascending part of the cam; «» mark on descending part of the cam.
Figure 3.15.7 Installation and adjustment of "BOSCH" position sensor To install the sensor -01 of "Izmeritel" plant, proceed as follows: o raise the RLL to the extreme upper position; o thread a positioning screw 7 (figure 3.15.8) into the rear axle cover 4 against the stop, directing it to a hole "A" on a working surface of a cam 3; o tighten a bolt 1; thread the positioning screw 7 out of the rear axle cover; o screw the sensor 6 in until it stops against the cam, then turn it out by 1 rev. and lock with a nut 5. If the sensor is installed correctly, the pilot lamp of the RLL uplift goes out as the RLL reaches its extreme uplift position. ATTENTION: OPERATION OF THE SENSOR -01 OF "IZMERITEL" PLANT IS POSSIBLE ONLY IN A SET WITH A CAM OF "IZMERITEL" PLANT!
1 bolt; 2 turn shaft; 3 cam; 4 rear axle cover; 5 lock nut; 6 position sensor; 7 positioning screw; installation hole.
Figure 3.15.8 Installation and adjustment of position sensor -01 of "Izmeritel" plant 3.15.5.3 Force sensor installation Force sensors 5 (figure 3.15.9) are executed as force-measuring pins, which are put into a bracket 3 and serve as an attachment center for lower links 4. An angular position of the pin in the bracket is determined by a clamp 1. The position sensor (pin) enters with its flattened surfaces a groove of the clamp 1, secured on the bracket 3 with bolts 2.
1 clamp; 2 clamp mounting bolt; 3 bracket; 4 lower link; 5 force sensor. Figure 3.15.9 Force sensor installation 140
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2022.3-0000010 OM 3.16 Indication of emergency states of hydraulic lift linkage The indicator of emergency oil temperature in the HLL tank 8 (figure 2.14.1) lights up as oil temperature in the HLL tank exceeds a permitted value, i.e. when the sensor 2 goes off (figure 3.16.1). In case the sensor of emergency oil temperature in the HLL tank goes off, stop working, find out and eliminate reasons for emergency state in order to avoid breakdown of HLL components.
1 HLL tank; 2 sensor of emergency oil temperature in HLL tank. Figure 3.16.1 Installation of sensor of emergency oil temperature in HLL tank
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3.17 Rear lift linkage 3.17.1 General information The rear lift linkage is used for coupling mounted and semi mounted agricultural implements to the tractor. The agricultural implements are attached to the tractor in three points: to lower link pivots and to top link or with a help of automatic coupler. On rear axle tubes brackets 11 are mounted (figures 3.17.1), on which two hydraulic cylinders 4 are mounted with a help of pins 10. Cylinder rods are connected with external levers 3 (left and right) by means of pins 3a. The external levers 2 are mounted on a shaft 2 that is installed in the rear axle cover 1, with their splined openings. The levers 3 are connected with lower links 7 by means of arms 5. The lower links are mounted in brackets 14 (right and left) with their front pivots on special pins 13, which are draft control sensors. The brackets 12 are fixed on side faces of the rear axle under the tube flanges. The lower links have eyelets 8, on which turnbuckles 9 are mounted with their forked part by means of pins. The turnbuckles limit cross travel of lower links in operating and transport positions.
1 rear axle cover; 2 turn shaft; 3 external levers (left and right); hydraulic cylinder rod pins; 4 hydraulic cylinders; 5 arms; 6 top link; 7 lower links; 8 eyelets; 9 turnbuckles; 10 pins; 11 brackets; 12 turnbuckle brackets; 13 pins (position sensors); 14 brackets.
Figure 3.17.1 Rear lift linkage 3.17.2 Turnbuckle The turnbuckles 9 (figure 3.17.1) are attached to the eyelets 8 of the lower links 7 with their one end. The other end of the turnbuckle with a pivot is installed in the turnbuckle brackets 12. The turnbuckle brackets12 are fastened on a bottom part of the rear axle tubes. The turnbuckle consist of a screw 1 (figure 3.17.2), a guide 2, a slide piece 4 and a linch pin 3. The guide 2 has a through groove on its side face and a through opening at a plane perpendicular to it. The slide piece 4 has two through openings in one plane. The turnbuckles have to be adjusted with agricultural machine, mounted on rear ends of lower links and put down on its supporting surface. The setup "turnbuckle locked" shall be carried out in the following order: - match the hole for the linch pin 3 in the guide 2 with the hole in slide piece 4; - in case of mismatch turn the guide 2 clockwise or contraclockwise till the holes match; - put the linch pin 3 in the hole and secure with a spring clip.
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2022.3-0000010 OM The setup "turnbuckle unlocked" shall be carried out in the following order: - turn the guide by 90° and match the groove on the guide 2 with the hole in the slide piece 4; - turning the guide 2 place the hole in the slide piece 4 on the center of the groove (adjust the right and the left turnbuckles); - put the linch pin 3 in the hole and secure with the clip.
1 screw; 2 guide; 3 linch pin; 4 slide piece. Figure 3.17.2 Turnbuckle
ATTENTION: AS THE TRACTOR OPERATES WITH A PLOUGH IT IS NECESSARY TO USE THE SETUP "TURNBUCKLE UNLOCKED", AT TRANSPORT OPERATIONS THE SETUP "TURNBUCKLE LOCKED" SHALL BE USED!
IT IS PROHIBITED TO USE THE TURNBUCKLE WITHOUT SECURING THE SLIDE PIECE IN THE GUIDES BY MEANS OF THE LINCH PIN!
3.17.3 Arm The arm consists of a screw with a joint 1, a tube 2, a yoke 3, a forelock 4, a pin 5, a washer 6, lock nuts 7 (figure 3.17.3). The adjustment of the arm length is carried out in the following order: - turn the lock nut 7 off; - change the arm length by turning the tube 2 clockwise or contraclockwise; - as the arm length is adjusted, lock the screw connection with the lock nut 7. The arm is adjusted in the following way: - when the tractor operates with all mounted and semi-mounted agricultural machines and implements (except for wide-cut), the RLL links shall not freely move in vertical direction in the arm yokes; For this reason the arm pin 5 shall be mounted into one of the holes of the yoke 3. The pins 5 shall be equally mounted on the right and on the left arms; - as the tractor operates with wide-cut mounted and semi-mounted agricultural machines it is required to mount the pins 5 in the grooves (slots) "A" of the arm yokes 3 to ensure vertical displacement of the links with respect to the arm yoke.
1 screw with joint; 2 tube; 3 yoke; 4 forelock; 5 pin; 6 washer; 7 lock nut. Figure 3.17.3 Arm
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3.18 Rear lift linkage electronic control system
2022.3-0000010 OM
1 RLL control console; 2 RLL electronic control unit; 3 fuse of RLL ECS in the fuse block; 4 cab harness of RLL ECS; 5 remote buttons; 6 transmission harness of RLL ECS; 7 electromagnet for lowering; 8 position sensor; 9 electromagnet for uplift; 10 right force sensor; 11 left force sensor.
Figure 3.18.1 Allocation diagram of RLL electronic control system components
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The electronic part of rear lift linkage control includes the following components: - RLL control console 1 (figure 3.18.1); - remote buttons 5 for RLL control; - RLL electronic control unit 2; - force sensors 10 and 11; - RLL position sensor 8; - electromagnetic valves for uplift 9 and lowering 7; - RLL ECS connecting harnesses with electrical connectors 4 and 6; - fuse of RLL ECS 3, located in the fuse block.
The electronic part of rear lift linkage control operates in the following way. After the engine is started, the supply voltage comes to the electronic control unit 2 of RLL ECS. The electronic control unit inquires sensors, system controls and after analysis gives necessary commands to electromagnets of the regulator. The system is controlled either with the control console 1, located in the cabin, or with a help of the remote control buttons 5, situated on rear wheel fenders.
According to the position sensor the electronic control system of RLL identifies the position of RLL relative to the tractor and by position control ensures holding the mounting implement in a set position relative to the tractor.
According to the force sensors the RLL electronic control system defines the force applied during operation to lift linkage in horizontal axial direction from the coupled implement. By draft control the tillage depth is kept in proportion to resistance force of the implement. Therefore, for example at tillage, in the mode of draft control, the RLL ECS raises the implement up in the area with tight soil and puts the implement deeper in the areas with soft soil, receiving signals from position and force sensors.
By combined control the RLL control electronic system takes into account signals from position and force sensors in proportion to the balance set with a handle to select the control mode 2 (figure 2.15.1) on the control console.
Note The rules of RLL control are described in subsection 2.15 "Rear lift linkage control". The electric circuit diagram of real lift linkage electronic control system is given in subsection 7.13 "Possible failures in the electronic control system of RLL and guidelines for troubleshooting". The rules of installation of the force sensors and of the position sensros are given in subsection 3.15.5 "Installation and adjustments of position and force sensors of RLL ECS".
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2022.3-0000010 OM 3.19 Front lift linkage 3.19.1 General information The front lift linkage is installed on the tractor against order. The front lift linkage is intended for operation of the tractor with complex units and serves for coupling the tractor with mounted agricultural machines, located in front of the tractor, and also for installation of ballast weights. The tractor with FLL is equipped with a continuous power takeoff shaft, that is mounted on a front plane of a bracket 4 (figure 3.19.1). The FLL is mounted on a front plane of a beam 3 and is attached with additional plates 2 to the side beam surface. In a lower part of the bracket 4 of the FLL there are two eyelets to which two turnbuckles 11 are attached. The other ends of the turnbuckles are attached to two brackets 1, which are mounted on strengthening strips. High-pressure hoses 10 connect one section of the valve group, located behind the tractor cab, with hydraulic cylinders 7 of the lift linkage. The double-action hydraulic cylinders are attached to the bracket 4 on the one end, and their rods are connected to a lower link unit 8, mounted on a shaft in the lower part of the bracket 4. The upper link 5 is attached to the upper part of the FLL bracket 4 with a pin.
1,4 bracket; 2 plate; 3 beam; 5 upper link; 6 towing device; 6 hydraulic cylinder; 8 lower link unit; 9 linch pin; 10 high-pressure hose; 11 turnbuckle.
Figure 3.19.1 Front lift linkage 3.19.2 Rules of shifting FLL from operating position to transport position The FLL is shifted from the operating position to the transport one in the following order: - remove the upper link 4 (figure 3.19.2) from the bracket 3 and mount in a bracket 5, located on the left side strengthening strip 6; - remove pins 8 from the hole ¨A¨ of the lower link unit 7; - turn the links 2 with grips around the pin 1 till the holes ¨A¨ in rotating ends of the links match with the holes ¨¨ in the link unit; - put the pin 8 into the matched holes "".
1 pin; 2 link; 3,5 bracket; 4 upper link; 6 strip; 7 lower link unit; 8 pin. Figure 3.19.2 Transport position 146
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2022.3-0000010 OM 3.19.3 Rules for coupling agricultural machines with FLL Coupling of agricultural machines with FLL is the same as with RLL. The pivot joints of lift linkage lower links should be placed on a lower axle of the agricultural machine. Drive slowly to the machine with max. lowered grips of the lower links till the grip mouth is situated under the joints on axle of the machine. For coupling it is necessary to lift up front ends of the links until the pivot joints are fixed in lower links grips. Mount the linch pin 9 (figure 3.19.1). Attach the upper link 5 (figure 3.19.3) with the pin 4 to the agricultural machine, simultaneously screwing in or out the screwed parts with pivot joints from the tube 2, having previously loosened the lock nuts 1, 3. Further adjustment of the machine operating position is carried out with the machine coupled at the expense of changing the length of the upper link 5 (figure 3.19.1) turning the tube 2 (figure 3.19.3) by the handle. After adjustment tighten the lock nuts 1 and 3.
1,3 lock nut; 2 tube; 4 pin. Figure 3.19.3 FLL upper link
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3.20 All-purpose drawbar hitch In basic configuration of "BELARUS 1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3" tractor the drawbar hitch of lift type includes a yoke TSU-3V and a yoke TSU-2V. Against order the tractor may be equipped with a draw bar TSU-1M-01 and a "Python" unit (TSU-2R). The yoke TSU-3V is intended for operation with two-wheel and four-wheel trailers. It consists of a towing yoke 4 (figure 3.20.1) with a kingpin 5 and side bars 2. The yoke is secured in a bracket 1 by means of a pin 3 with a key. The yoke position can be changed up/down by means of moving in the guides of the bracket, and also by way of turning the TSU3V round the horizontal axis by 180°. The yoke TSU-2V is intended for operation with heavy-duty two-wheel and four-wheel trailers and semi-trailers. It consists of a yoke body 7 and a kingpin 6. The yoke position can be changed up/down by way of moving it in the slits of the bracket 1. The yoke is secured by the pin 3 with the key in one of the bracket 1 grooves. The draw bar TSU-1M-01 is intended for coupling the tractor with agricultural trailed and semi-trailed machines. It consists of a bracket 18, located at the bottom of the rear axle body, a link 16 and a kingpin 8 with a splint pin 9. The front end of the link is fixed in the bracket 18 with a pin 17, and its middle part rests against a crossbar 12. The link is secured against lateral movements in the crossbar 12 by means of a brace 11. The link 16 can be adjusted for the dimension of 400 and 500 mm from the PTO end to the trailer attachment place by means of re-mounting the pin 17 in the link grooves. The "Python" unit (TSU-2R) is used for tractor coupling with agricultural semi-trailed machines and two-wheel trailers. The unit 15 is mounted in the bracket 1 guides and is secured with bolts 14. To attach a trailer it is necessary to take a pin 13 out, put the trailer hitch iron on the abutment 10 and mount the pin 13 back, it prevents the trailer brace from detaching. As a rule, the "Python" unit (TSU-2R) is mounted to the places of draw bar installation. Therefore, before mounting the TSU-2R it is required to dismount the link 16 with the crossbar 12.
1 bracket; 2 side bar; 3 pin; 4 yoke; 5, 6, 8 kingpin; 7 yoke body; 9 splint pin; 10 abutment; 11 brace; 12 crossbar; 13 pin; 14 bolt; 15 unit; 16 link; 17 pin; 18 bracket.
Figure 3.20.1 All-purpose drawbar hitch The basic parameters and connection dimensions of the TSU are given in section 5 "Tractor coupling".
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3.21 Electrical equipment 3.21.1 General information The electric circuit diagram of tractors BELARUS-1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3 is shown in annex B. 3.21.2 Heating plug operation principle As a means of start facilitation heating plugs are used in tractors "BELARUS 1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3, they are mounted in the cylinder head. For individual control of heating plug operation modes, indication of their operation a heating plug control unit is used. The heating plugs are activated automatically as the key of starter and instrument switch is turned from position "0" (off) into position "I" (Instruments on) and the key stays in this position for more than 2 sec. Hereby the heating plug pilot lamp 4 (figure 2.6.1) lights up in the pilot lamp unit of the dashboard. The heating plug operation time (pre-start heating time) makes about 20 sec. The engine is to be started after the lamp 4 transfers to the standby mode. i.e. flashing with 1 Hz frequency. If the engine is not started up within 30 sec. after the pilot lamps turn to flashing, the heating plugs turn off and the pilot lamp goes out. After the engine start-up, the heating plugs remain on for about 180 sec., hereby the pilot lamp is off. If the key of starter and instrument switch is turned from position "I" (Instruments on) into position "II" (Engine start-up) within 2 sec., the heating plugs and the pilot lamp will not turn on the engine will start up without being heated. The engine shall be starter without advance heating when the temperature is positive or when the engine is warmed up. The heating plug operation algorithm has the following emergency modes: - as the key of starter and instrument switch is turned from position "0" (Off) into position "I" (Instruments on) and the heating plugs complete the entire operation cycle the heating plug pilot lamp starts to flash continuously with 2 Hz frequency. This means that there is a failure in the heating plug operation closed circuit (fritting) of heating plugs relay. Should this failure be left unrepaired the storage battery may get discharged and broken. - flashing of the pilot lamp during the entire operation cycle in the mode of one activation with a duration of 0.5 sec. in 3 sec. period informs of non-closure of the relay contacts (break of control wires, break of power supply wire, failure of the heating plugs relay, etc.). Should this failure be left unrepaired, the engine could be difficult or impossible to start. IT IS FORBIDDEN TO OPERATE THE TRACTOR UNTIL FAILURES OF THE HEATING PLUG SYSTEM ARE FOUND OUT AND ELIMINATED, AS IT MAY LEAD TO DISCHARGE OF ACCUMULATOR BATTERIES!
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3.21.3 Order of integrated indicator programming 3.21.3.1 Control panel of integrated indicator
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Figure 3.21.1 Control panel of integrated indicator
The control panel 16 (figure 2.1.1) makes it possible to perform manual programming of the indicator by means of "Parameter" and "Value" buttons (figure 3.21.1) and to change the mode of displaying the parameters to be shown on the LCD.
A diagnostic connector 1, located on the front surface of the control panel, makes it possible to perform automatic programming (reprogramming) of the integrated indicator (II) by means of a special device (if provided). Should such a device be unavailable, the programming shall be performed by means of the above mentioned buttons. On "BELARUS1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3" tractors, the 1 connector is not enabled.
3.21.3.2 Algorithm of integrated indicator programming Choosing a fixed value of a parameter when programming of the Integrated Indicator shall be done in the following way: - first pushing of the button "Parameter" (figure 3.21.1) switches the multifunctional Indicator 16 (figure 2.7.1) into the mode of viewing a designation of a programmable parameter and its numeric value. Repeated pushings of the button "Parameter" changes parameters in a cyclic way; - sequential pushing of the button "Value" changes a numeric value of a preset programmable parameter; - the programming mode is exited automatically when the buttons "Parameter" and "Value" are not pushed within seven seconds. When the programming mode is exited the last parameter values chosen with the button "Value" are stored. To choose a non-fixed value of a parameter of the Integrated Indicator programming the following shall be done: - with the button "Parameter" (figure 3.21.1) choose a parameter, the value of which is to be set; - push the button "Mode" twice, after that on the multi-functional indicator 16 (figure 2.7.1) the least significant digit of a numeric value will start flashing; - the flashing digit of a parameter is changed by pushing the button "Value"; - transit to the more significant digit is carried out by pushing the button "Parameter"; - the mode of programming a non-fixed value of any parameter is exited by double pressing the button "Mode"; - after the given mode is exited (input of a non-fixed parameter value) digits of the set parameter value stop flashing; A newly entered value is set last in the list of parameter values permitted for programming. At single pressing the button "Mode" in the programming mode entering an arbitrary value of a parameter is not possible. If the buttons "Mode", "Parameter", "Value" are not pressed within seven seconds in the mode of entering a non-fixed value, the Integrated Indicator transits automatically into the main operation mode of the multifunctional indicator, storing the set parameter values. It is allowed to enter one non-fixed value within the following ranges: - for "Z"parameter: from 23 to 69; - for "I"parameter: from 1.000 to 4.000; - for "R"parameter: from 400 to 1000; - for "K" parameter: from 2.360 to 4.000; - for "KV2"parameter: from 0.346 to 0.600; - for "ZV"parameter: from 12 to 99; - for "V"parameter: from 0 to 1000.
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A list of programmable parameter values for the tractor "BELARUS 1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3", except for the low-speed modification 2022B.3 17/32 (graphic samples of displaying parameters and their values on the multi-functional indicator in the programming mode) is given in the table 3.3.
Table 3.3 Parameter «Z»
Z number of teeth of gears of final shafts of driving wheels (left and right), above which speed sensors are mounted.
Parameter «I» I is a step-up index of wheel-hub drive ratio.
Parameter «R» R is a rear wheel rolling radius, mm. In case of reprogramming this parameter may be changed with resolution of 5 mm. 1)
Parameter «K» K - is an alternator drive ratio.
Parameter «KV2» KV2 is a PTO ratio. 2)
Parameter «ZV» ZV is a number of teeth of a washer, above which a PTO speed sensor is mounted
Parameter «V» V is a fuel tank volume, l 3)
Also, if the button "Parameter" is pressed in the programming mode, an independent parameter "T" of the revised content of the counter of total apparent time of engine operation is displayed in the list of programmable parameters. This parameter is not available for alteration, it represents a precise value (up to 1/10 of an hour) of engine operation time.
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1) "910" is a value for tyres 580/70R42. If other types of tyres are mounted it is necessary to set a value of the parameter "R", corresponding to the rolling radius of the tyres mounted.
2) On tractors "BELARUS 1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3" rear PTO speed is calculated basing on the signal from PTO speed sensor. In this connection any value except figure "000" is set in parameter "KV2".
3) In tractors "BELARUS-1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3" only a value of a side tank (230 liters) is entered, so information about the volume of remaining fuel is formed without regard to fuel volume in the tank, which is situated under the tractor cab (its volume is 130 liters).
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A list of programmable parameter values for the low-speed modification 2022B.317/32 (graphic samples of displaying parameters and their values on the multi-functional indicator in the programming mode) is given in the table 3.4.
Table 3.4
Parameter «Z» Z number of teeth of gears of final shafts of driving wheels (left and right), above which speed sensors are mounted.
Parameter «I» I is a step-up index of wheel-hub drive ratio.
Parameter «R» R is a rear wheel rolling radius, mm. In case of reprogramming this parameter may be changed with resolution of 5 mm. 1)
Parameter «K» K - is an alternator drive ratio.
Parameter «KV2» KV2 is a PTO ratio. 2)
Parameter «ZV» ZV is a number of teeth of a washer, above which a PTO speed sensor is mounted
Parameter «V» V is a fuel tank volume, l 3)
Also, if the button "Parameter" is pressed in the programming mode, an independent parameter "T" of the revised content of the counter of total apparent time of engine operation is displayed in the list of programmable parameters. This parameter is not available for alteration, it represents a precise value (up to 1/10 of an hour) of engine operation time.
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1) "910" is a value for tyres 580/70R42. If other types of tyres are mounted it is necessary to set a value of the parameter "R", corresponding to the rolling radius of the tyres mounted.
2) On tractors "BELARUS 2022.3-17/32" rear PTO speed is calculated basing on the signal from PTO speed sensor. In this connection any value except figure "000" is set in parameter "KV2".
3) In tractors "BELARUS-2022.3-17/32" only a value of a side tank (125 liters) is entered, so information about the volume of remaining fuel is formed without regard to fuel volume in the tank, which is situated under the tractor cab (its volume is 130 liters).
During operation, it is permitted to vary the values of the parameter "wheel rolling radius R", which is determined on the basis of tyres fitted on the tractor wheels by measuring the distance from the wheel centre to the bearing surface.
IT IS PROHIBITED TO CHANGE THE ENTERED VALUES OF THE OTHER PARAMETERS (FACTORY SETTINGS)!
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3.21.4 Installation and adjustment of speed sensors and RPM sensor of rear PTO 3.21.4.1 Speed sensor installation For installation of speed sensor (either right or left) the following shall be done: - put a driven gear 7 (figure 3.21.2) with tooth against a hole in the rear axle cover 6; - to ensure free play S it is required to measure a dimension H and to put a neces-
sary quantity of shim washers 1, as per table 3.5; - put a ground wire 3 of the sensor 2 under any of bolts 4; - seal the bolts 4 with sealing paste and tighten with a torque of 10...15 Nm.
1 shim washer; 2 speed sensor; 3 ground wire; 4 bolt 8; 5 spring washer; 6 rear axle cover; 7 driven gear.
Figure 3.21.2 Installation of speed sensor Table 3.5 Speed sensor installation
, mm
65,50-66,60 66,70-67,65
Q-ty of shim washers 1 (figure 3.21.2) 3 2
S, mm
1,50-2,60 1,70-2,65
3.21.4.2 Installation of rear PTO RPM sensor For installation of rear PTO RPM sensor the following shall be done: - put a toothed washer 7 (figure 3.21.3) with a tooth against the hole in the rear PTO housing 6; - to ensure free play S1 it is necessary to measure a dimension H1 and to put a required quantity of shim washers 5 as per table 3.6; - put a ground wire 2 of the sensor 1 under any of bolts 3; - seal the bolts 3 with sealing paste and tighten with a torque of 10...15 Nm.
1 RPM sensor of PTO; 2 ground wire; 3 bolt 8; 4 spring washer; 5 shim washer; 6 rear PTO housing; 7 toothed washer.
Figure 3.21.3 Installation of rear PTO RPM sensor Table 3.6 Installation of rear PTO RPM sensor
1, mm
62,50-63,40 63,5-65,00 65,10-66,00
Q-ty of shim washers 5 (figure 3.21.3) 6 5 4
S1, mm
1,50-2,40 1,50-2,00 2,10-3,00
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2022.3-0000010 OM 3.22 Cab air conditioning and heating system The cab air conditioning and heating system is intended for creating and keeping a normal microclimate in the tractor cab. The air conditioning system consists of two circuits heating and cooling. The system diagram is shown in figure 3.22.1. The cooling circuit includes a compressor, a condenser, a filter-drain with a pressure sensor, a monoblock unit of evaporator and heater radiator (heater/cooler), a heater/cooler fan, connecting hoses, a set of quick-couplings (against order), electric cables, air filters, a cold air regulator and a fan switch. The heating circuit is supplemented with hoses, connected with the engine cooling system of the tractor and with a shut-off valve.
Figure 3.22.1 Cab air conditioning and heating system The compressor 7 (figure 3.22.2) is located to the left at the top of the engine, the condenser 6 - in front of the charged air cooling radiator, the filter-drain 3 - on a bracket, attached to the water radiator, the pressure sensor 4 - on the filter-drain 3, the heatercooler 8 - under the roof above a ventilation box panel, the cold air regulator and the fan switch are located on the upper compartment panel, the service valves - on fittings near the compressor 7 and the filter-drain 3.
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1 coolant supply line from condenser to filter-drain; 2 coolant supply line from compressor to condenser; 3 filter-drain; 4 pressure sensor; 5 coolant supply line from filter-drain to cooler-heater; 6 condenser; 7 compressor; 8 cooler-heater; 9 quick couplings (against order); 10 coolant supply line form cooler-heater to compressor; 11 coolant drain line from cooler-heater to engine cooling system; 12 coolant supply line from engine cooling system to cooler-heater.
Figure 3.22.2 Allocation of main components of cab air conditioning and heating system
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The climatic unit starts to operate in a conditioning mode with running engine, when required fan speed is set with a switch 1 (figure 2.4.1) and the switch 2 is set in the beginning of a blue scale.
Hereby, power is supplied to the electromagnetic clutch of the compressor 7 through the control circuit (figure 3.22.2). The clutch engages and transmits rotation from the engine crankshaft pulley to the compressor shaft. The compressor pumps coolant through the components of the conditioning system. Herewith, the coolant absorbs heat of air, passing through the heater/cooler 8, then giving up heat to the atmosphere through the condenser 6.
The conditioning system can automatically maintain a preset temperature, that is set by turning the switch 2 (figure 2.4.1), which controls the thermostat. Clockwise turning decreases the temperature and contraclockwise turning increases it. The protection against critical conditions is ensured by the pressure sensor 4 (figure 3.22.2) and by the thermostat. The pressure sensor 4 cuts the system off at excessive (more than 2,6+0,2MPa) or insufficient (less than 0,21±0,03 MPa) pressure. The thermostat cuts the system off at excessive temperature fall in the freon radiator of the cooler-heater 8. The system performance is adjusted by fan rpms and by the thermostat. The compressor 7 can operate in this case either constantly or periodically.
Main parameters and specifications of the cab air conditioning and heating system are given in the table 3.7.
Table 3.7
Parameter (specification) description Cooling performance, kW Heating performance, kW Operating voltage, V Electrical power consumption, W Mechanical power consuption, kW Coolant
Value 6,4 8,7 12 260
1,4 ... 8,0 R134a, ozone-friendly
At irregular operation it is recommended to switch on the system in the cooling mode (when the outside temperature is above +15°C) for 15...20 min once in fifteen days for keeping the air conditioning system in operating condition
Irrespective of operating conditions it is necessary to check the air conditioning system operation once a year at a service station using special equipment.
When putting the tractor for short-time storage no preparatory works are needed for the conditioning system. During the short-term storage it is necessary to switch on the conditioner for 15...20 min. once in fifteen days with the engine running. Hereby, air temperature in the tractor cab should be below +20°.
When putting the tractor for a long-time storage it is necessary to check the air conditioning system operation using special equipment. If it is necessary, top up the coolant. During storage no service works are to be carried out.
After long-term storage it is necessary to carry out maintenance of the conditioning system in a specialized service station using diagnostic equipment.
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2022.3-0000010 OM 3.23 Cab 3.23.1 General information The cab of the tractors "BELARUS-1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3" provides comfortable working conditions, heat and noise insulation, corresponds to safety and observability requirements. The cab has the following emergency exits: - doors left and right; - rear screen; - lateral screen right and left. Natural ventilation of the cab is realized through the opening side and rear screens and through the roof hatch. The cab glass is safety and has a bend form. ATTENTION: DURING OPERATION AND REPAIR WORKS AVOID CAB GLASS KNOCKS! 3.23.2 Cab installation The cab is mounted on tractor frame through vibration isolators 3 (figure 3.23.1). In case of cab dismantling the following shall be done: - unlock splint pins 5; - do nuts 4 off; - dismount bolts 3; - take off the cab with a help of a beam-crane with a capacity not lower than 1000 kg and using 3 eye screws M16, which are mounted on upper surface of the roof at places ¨A¨ (figure 3.23.2).
1 bracket to attach cab to coupling clutch housing; 2 bolt; 3 vibration isolator, 4 nut; 5 splint pin; 6 bracket to attach cab to rear axle shaft body.
Figure 3.23.1 Cab installation on vibration isolators
Figure 3.23.2 Places of eye screw installation on the roof
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2022.3-0000010 OM 3.23.3 Doors The cab has two doors opening backwards that makes easier access to operator's position. The doors are hinged to the frame. The door in an open position is fixed by pneumatic lifts. The left and the right doors are opened from outside by pressing a handle button 3 (figure 3.23.4). From inside the door is opened by shifting a lock lever 2 (figure 3.23.3). The locks of the left and right door are blocked only from inside the cab by putting a detent 1 (figure 3.23.4) in up position with the door closed. From outside the left door can be opened turning the key 2 by 180° and pushing the button 3. To lock the left door from outside it is necessary to turn the key by 180° in an opposite direction. To adjust the door positioning relative to the door aperture the following shall be done: - loosen bolts 1 (figure 3.23.5) fastening hinges 2 to the cab frame supports, find an effective position of the door (a positive minimum allowance between the door contour and the door aperture contour should be 2 mm), tighten the bolts. - adjust position of the catch 4 (figure 3.23.4), having loosened bolts 3 (figure 3.23.3), moving the catch in a vertical plane achieve optimal up/down position relative to the lock. Adjust the door adjoining to the door aperture in a horizontal plane, moving the catch to or from the lock (there should be no gaps between door weather strip and the door aperture). Turning a pusher 6 (figure 3.23.4) together with a key 2 by 180° (shifting of the door locking device into position "Open" or "Close") no contact of the pusher 6 with the screw 5 head is allowed. The lock unlocking should be done only in position "Open" of the door locking device by pushing the button 3 of the handle. In position "Closed" of the door locking device when pushing the button 3 no contact of the handle parts with the screw 5 head is allowed. Make adjustment with a help of the screw 5, then lock the screw 5 with a nut 7.
1 - handle; 2 lever; 3 bolt. Figure 3.23.3 Door locking device (view from outside the cab)
1 detent; 2 key; 3 button; 4 catch; 5 screw; 6 pusher; 7 nut. Figure 3.23.4 Door locking device (top view)
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1 - bolt; 2 hinge; 3 center support of cab frame; 4 plane. Figure 3.23.5 Door fastening to cab frame
If necessary, the equal adjoining of the door to the door aperture can be achieved by installation of additional plates 4 (figure 3.23.5) between the center support 3 of the cab and the hinges 2.
3.23.4 Side screens The side screens are open-type, hinged to the cab frame. The screen in open and closed conditions is secured with a handle 1 (figure 3.23.6). If necessary, the equal adjoining of the side glass to the window aperture is ensured by installation of additional washers 3 between the screen and a bracket 4 of the screen clamper.
1 handle; 2 center support of cab frame; 3 washers; 4 bracket. Figure 3.23.6 Fixation of side screen
For side screen position adjustment the following shall be done: - take off a cap 5; - loosen a nut 6; - turning an eccentric bushing 4 (figure 3.23.7) find necessary screen position (between the side glass contour and the screen aperture contour a minimum positive clearance shall make 2mm), tighten the nut 6, put the cap 5. - for equal adjoining of the side screen to the window aperture change a quantity of washers 1, installed between the screen 2 and the hinge 3.
1 washer; 2 screen; 3 hinge; 4 eccentric bushing; 5 cap; 6 nut, 7 rear support of cab frame; 8 fixation pin.
Figure 3.23.7 Side screen adjustment 159
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2022.3-0000010 OM 3.23.5 Rear screen The rear screen is open-type, which is hinged to the cabin frame. The rear screen in a closed position is secured by a lock 1 (figure 3.23.9), in an opened position it is secured by two pneumatic lifts. For rear screen position adjustment the following shall be done: - take off a cap 3 (figure 3.23.8); - loosen a nut 4; - turning an eccentric bushing 1 find necessary position of the screen (between the rear glass contour and the screen aperture contour a minimum positive clearance shall make 2 mm), tighten the nut 4, put the cap 3. - adjust the position of a lock 1 (figure 3.23.9), taking off a cover 2, loosening bolts 3, then moving the lock in horizontal plane (in axial and cross directions) achieve an optimal position relative to a pin 4, tighten the bolts 3, put the cover 2.
1 eccentric bushing; 2 rear upper cross member; 3 cap; 4 nut. Figure 3.23.8 Rear screen adjustment
1 lock; 2 cover; 3 bolt; 4 pin; 5 rear screen. Figure 3.23.9 Rear screen fixation
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2022.3-0000010 OM 3.23.6 Outside mirrors For position adjustment of a mirror in horizontal plane it is necessary to loosen a bolt 1 (figure 3.23.10), move out a tube 2 to a required length and tighten the bolt 1.
1 bolt; 2 tube Figure 3.23.10 Mirror position adjustment in horizontal plane The mirror rotation angle in horizontal plane is adjusted by turning a bracket. Turning the mirror body, other mirror positions can be achieved (left right, down-up). 3.23.7 Roof with opening hatch There are two modifications of the roof: In the first modification: - the hatch in a closed position is secured by a detent 1 (figure 3.23.11) of a panel 2; - the hatch in an opened position is secured by pneumatic lifts 1 (figure 3.23.12).
1 detent; 2 panel. Figure 3.23.11 Roof hatch fixation (first modification) in closed position
1 pneumatic lift; 2 hatch. Figure 3.23.12 Roof hatch fixation (first modification) in opened position
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2022.3-0000010 OM In the second modification the roof hatch is fixed in opened and closed position by a detent 2 (figure 3.23.13), mounted on the hatch 1.
1 hatch; 2 detent; Figure 3.23.13 Roof hatch fixation (second modification) in opened and closed position
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2022.3-0000010 OM 3.24 Marking of tractor components 3.24.1 Engine marking The nameplate of the engine attached to the cylinder block contains the following data: - name of the manufacturing plant and its brandname; - make (model) of the engine; - serial number of the engine; - inscription "Made in Belarus" (in English). The cylinder block contains the engine serial number, which is identical to the number, specified in the nameplate, and engine configuration in accordance with specs. Engines that are given national certificates of conformity of the Republic of Belarus or CIS countries, has conformity signs from national certification systems of the countries, that issue this certificate. The conformity certificates are located near the nameplate or above it. 3.24.2 Cab number A metal plate with cab designation and cab number is attached to the cab rear wall at its right, under the name plate with tractor number, as shown in figure 3.24.1.
Figure 3.23.1 Location of cab marking plate 3.24.3 Front driving axle number The FDA number is stamped on a pad at the back of the FDA beam as shown in figure 3.24.2.
Figure 3.24.2 Location of FDA number
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2022.3-0000010 OM 3.23.4 Clutch housing number Location of the coupling clutch housing number is shown in figure 3.24.3
Figure 3.24.3 Location of coupling clutch housing number 3.24.5 Gear box number Location of the gear box number is shown in figure 3.24.4.
Figure 3.24.4 Location of gear box number 3.24.6 Transmission number The transmission serial number is stamped on a lower pad of the rear axle hosing, at its right, as shown in figure 3.24.5.
Figure 3.24.5 Location of transmission number. 3.24.7 Rear axle number The rear axle number corresponds to the transmission number.
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4 INTENDED USE OF TRACTOR
4.1 Safety measures to be taken preparing tractor for operation
Strict observance of safety requirements ensures safe operation of the tractor and improves its reliability and durability.
Only persons not younger than 17, holders of a tractor driving license to operate a tractor of 3.0 traction class, who have been briefed on accident and fire prevention, may be admitted to operate the tractor.
Prior to operating the tractor, scrutinize the Operator's Manual. Insufficient knowledge of tractor controls and servicing is a potential of likely accidents.
When performing depreservation of the tractor and optional equipment, follow the fire prevention instructions and sanitary requirements when dealing with chemicals, rag wastes and oiled paper.
Before starting to operate the tractor replace special nuts of rear wheel hubs (one at each hub), used for tractor fastening on the vehicle platform, with the nuts of basic hub configuration, attached in a set pf spare parts, tools and accessories. Tighten the nuts with a torque of 700...750 Nm.
The tractor should be run in, in accordance with the requirements under subsection 4.4 "Tractor final assembly and run in".
The tractor should be completely outfitted and in good working order. Do not allow dismantling of design-stipulated protective enclosures or safeguards from the tractor, as well as other parts and assembly units which affect its safe operation (protective guard of the fan, front and rear PTO enclosure, etc.) The technical condition of the braking system, steering controls, lighting and indication devices and the drive system should conform to safety requirements of relevant standards and the present Manual. The trailed agricultural machines and harvest trailers shall be fitted with rigid coupling which excludes swaying and colliding thereof with the tractor during the transportation. The tractor controls shall be provided with reliable locking in their operative positions. Keep all the warning tabs of the tractor clean and readable. If damaged or lost, replace them with new ones. Tractor use without availability of the accumulator battery in the electrical equipment system is not allowed. The first aid kit shall be completed as per regulations, adopted in the territory of the state, where the tractor is used.
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4.2 Tractor use
4.2.1 Boarding the tractor
The tractor is boarded through the cab left door. To make tractor boarding easier there is a foot step.
4.2.2 Preparing for start and starting the engine
To start the engine of "BELARUS-1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3" tractor carry out the following actions:
- engage the tractor parking brake; - if required, fill in fuel and bleed the fuel delivery system to remove air; - set the fuel feed control handle into the position corresponding to the max. fuel supply; - make sure that the electronic pedal of fuel feed control is in its initial position and it is not affected by physical influence. Do not press the fuel feed control pedal when starting the engine; - set the rear PTO drive handle into position "PTO drive off", and the rear PTO control lever into position "off". - the handles of the hydraulic system valve group control shall stay in "neutral" position, the rear lift linkage control handles shall stay in the middle position, the switches of the rear axle DL, FDA drive, FPTO drive (if installed) shall stay in "off" position; - set the levers shifting the GB ranges and speeds into a neutral position; - turn on the accumulator battery switch; - turn the key of the starter and instruments switch from "0" position into position "I". Herewith: 1) On the integrated indicator both RPTO scale range annunciators as well as all RPTO scale segments will turn on for not more than one second, and the needles of engine speed and rpm indicators deviate from their initial positions (or the needles "shake" on indicator zero marks for not more than one second) thus confirming workability of LED annunciators and needle indicators. 2) On the pilot lamp unit a pilot lamp of emergency oil pressure in HSC will light up. On the dashboard a signal lamp of oil emergency pressure in engine lubrication system (and a buzzer sounds), a signal lamp of air emergency pressure in the pneumatic system (if it is below the accepted value), a signal lamp of fuel reserve capacity in the tank (when reserve volume of fuel remains in the tank), a pilot lamp of 24V charging the additional battery light up. On the integrated indicator a pilot signal annunciator of engaged parking brake will turn on in a flashing mode with 1 Hz frequency. 3) Two seconds after the key of the starter and instrument switch is turned from "0" position to the position "I" a pilot lamp that indicates heating plug operation will light up on the pilot lamp unit. - after the heating plug pilot lamp goes out, start the engine, to do this it is required to depress the clutch pedal and turn the key of the starter and instruments switch from "I" position ("instruments on") into the position "II" (engine start). If there is no necessity to turn the heating plugs on (the ambient temperature is positive or the engine is warmed up), it is required to turn the key of the starter and instruments switch from "I" position to the position "II" within no more than two seconds before the heating plugs pilot lamp lights up. In this case the engine will be started without heating plugs activation. - hold the key of the starter switch turned until the engine is started, but not longer than 15...20 seconds; if the engine has not started, a repeated start-up shall be carried out not earlier than after one minute; - after the engine is started, release the clutch pedal, check function of all signal lamps and gauge indications (coolant temperature, oil pressure in the engine, on-board circuit voltage, etc.). Let the engine run at low rpm until pressure stabilizes within gauge operation range. Actually measured parameters and operation states of tractor systems and units are displayed on the integrated indicator, on the dashboard, on the pilot lamp
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unit, on the control panel of the rear axle DL, of FDA drive, of FPTO drive (if installed). On RLL control panel the annunciator of testing electronic systems controlling RLL, lights up, thus indicating the workability and blocking of the RLL control system;
- after the engine is started, a LED lamp of green color lights up on the handle of the lever shifting speeds and passes of the reduction unit; and on the control panel of the rear axle DL, FDA drive and FPTO drive (if installed) the annuncitor of a lower pass of the gearbox reduction units, informing that a lower pass of the reduction unit is engaged;
- the pilot lamp of additional battery charging with 24V shall go out after the engine is started, indicating that the additional battery is being charged with 24V through a voltage converter. If the pilot lamp of charging stays on after the engine is started, this means, that the additional battery is not being charged, this failure is to be eliminated.
IT IS FORBIDDEN TO OPERATE THE TRACTOR IN CLOSED ROOMS WITHOUT A REQUIRED VENTILATION (AIR EXCHANGE). EXHAUST GASES MAY LEAD TO A LETHAL OUTCOME!
IT IS FORBIDDEN TO RUN THE ENGINE WITH THE SYSTEMS OF COOLING AND ENGINE LUBRICATION UNFILLED!
ATTENTION: THE TRACTOR CAB IS EQUIPPED WITH A SINGLE-OCCUPANCY SEAT AND THE OPERATOR IS THE ONLY PERSON TO STAY IN!
ATTENTION: START THE ENGINE AND INSPECT GAUGES ONLY WHEN STAYING IN THE OPERATOR'S SEAT!
ATTENTION: KEEP IN MIND THAT THE ENGINE START IS POSSIBLE ONLY WHEN THE RANGE SHIFTING LEVER IS SET INTO A NEUTRAL POSITION!
ATTENTION: START THE ENGINE BY TOWING ONLY AT EMERGENCY SITUATUIONS AND ONLY IN THE TRACTOR THAT HAS PASSED A FULL 30-HOUR RUN-IN.
4.2.3 Tractor motion start, GB shifting ATTENTION: YOUR TRACTOR IS EQUIPPED WITH TURBOCHARGED ENGINE. HIGH SPEED OF THE TURBOCHARGER REQUIRES GOOD LUBRICATION AT ENGINE START. AFTER ENGINE START WARM THE ENGINE UP TO ATTAIN A STABLE OPERATION UNDER 700-900 RPM OF THE CRANKSHAFT (FOR 2-3 MIN), THEN LET THE ENGINE RUN AT INCREASED RPM, GRADUALLY ADDING TO THE SPEED UP TO 1600 RPM (NO MORE) UNTIL THE COOLANT TEMPERATURE REACHES 40°C.
TRACTOR OPERATION IS FORBIDDEN, IF THE ENGINE EMERGENCY OIL PRESSURE LAMP IS ON WITH THE ENGINE RUNNING, STOP THE ENGINE IMMEDIATELY!
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Before starting to move define a necessary speed of tractor movement. The speed diagram of the tractor "BELARUS-1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3" with tires of basic configuration is given in the instruction table attached to the right glass of the cab and also in subsection 2.13.2. "Tractor velocity diagram".
To put the tractor in motion the following shall be done: - reduce engine speed; - depress the clutch pedal; - set a required gearbox range using the range shifting lever as per the range shifting diagram; - if required, press the button of the reduction unit higher pass (H). Hereby a LED lamp of red color will light up on the speed and pass shifting handle, and also the higher pass annunciator will light up on the control panel of the rear axle DL, FDA drive and FPTO drive (if installed), informing that a higher pass of the reduction unit is engaged; - set a desired speed, for this shift the speed and pass shifting lever from neutral ("N") into any of positions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, as per the speed shifting diagram; - disengage the parking break, slowly release the clutch pedal, increasing at the same time fuel feed. The tractor will start moving.
IT IS FORBIDDEN TO START MOVEMENT WITH BIG TRACTION LOAD!
IT IS FORBIDDEN TO MOVE THE TRACTOR WITH THE DOOR OPEN!
ATTENTION: SHIFT RANGES, REDUCTION PASSES AND SPEEDS ONLY WITH THE TRACTOR STOPPED AND THE CLUTCH PEDAL FULLY DEPRESSED! PERFORMING TRANSPORT OPERATIONS IT IS PERMITTED TO SHIFT SPEEDS WITHIN A RANGE DURING TRAVEL. THE SHIFTING SHALL BE CARRIED OUT AS THE TRACTOR COASTS AND THE CLUTCH PEDAL FULLY DEPRESSED!
ATTENTION: THE REDUCTION PASSES "L" AND "H" CAN BE ENGAGED ONLY AFTER THE SPEED SHIFTING LEVER IS SET INTO NEUTRAL POSITION!
ATTENTION: DON'T HOLD THE FOOT ON THE CLUTCH PEDAL DURING TRACTOR OPERATION, BECAUSE IT CAN LEAD TO CLUTCH SLIPPING, ITS OVERHEATING AND FAILURE!
ATTENTION: TO ENGAGE THE SPEED SMOOTHLY, WITHOUT SHARP PUSHES, MOVE THE SPEED AND PASS SHIFTING LEVER ACCORDING TO THE DIGRAM AND HOLD IT PRESSED UNTIL THE SPEED IS FULLY ENGAGED!
ATTENTION: STARTING TO MOVE, MAKE SURE THE PARKING BRAKE IS DISENGAGED!
ATTENTION: WITH THE DIFFERENTIAL LOCK ENGAGED THE TRACTOR MOVEMENT SHALL NOT EXCEED 13 KM/H!
ATTENTION: OPERATING ON ROADS WITH HARD SURFACE IT IS NECESSARY TO SWITCH THE FDA DRIVE OFF TO AVOID INCREASE WEAR OF FRONT WHEELS!
ATTENTION: IT IS ALLOWED TO USE THE ENGINE AT FULL LOAD ONLY WHEN THE COOLANT TEMPERATURE REACHES 70°C.
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4.2.4 Tractor stop
To stop the tractor do the following: - decrease engine speed; - fully press the clutch pedal; - set the range switching lever and the speed and pass shifting lever into neutral position; - release the clutch pedal; - stop the tractor by means of service brakes; - engage the parking brake. ATTENTION: FOR TRACTOR EMERGENCY STOP SHARPLY PRESS THE CLUTCH AND BREAK PEDALS TOGETHER!
4.2.5 Engine stop
ATTENTION: BEFORE STOPPING THE ENGINE, MOVE DOWN THE IMPLEMENTS UNTIL THEY REACH GROUND, IF THEY ARE UPLIFTED; LET THE ENGINE RUN AT (1000±100) RPM FOR 3 TO 5 MINUTES. THIS WILL ALLOW TO REDUCE ENGINE COOLANT TEMPERATURE!
To stop the engine do the following: - set the rear PTO control lever into position "off" and the rear PTO drive activation handle into position "PTO drive off"; - disengage the rear axle differential lock, the FDA drive, the FPTO drive (if installed); - shift the handles of the hydraulic lift linkage valve group control into a neutral position; - set the handle to control the lift linkage into "disengaged" position; - turn the conditioner off; - pull the engine stopping lever; - deactivate the accumulator battery when the engine is stopped for a long time. ATTENTION: FOR ENGINE EMERGENCY STOP PULL THE ENGINE STOPPING LEVER! 4.2.6 Getting off the tractor
Getting off the tractor is carried out through the cab left door. Rules on getting off the tractor at emergency situations are given in clause 4.5.3 of subsection 4.5 "Emergency actions".
Getting off the tractor, make sure that all actions, listed in subsection 4.2.5 "Engine stop" have been performed, lift linkages of the tractor and of coupled implements have been lowered.
4.2.7 PTO use
The rules on engagement and disengagement of front (in installed) and rear power take off shafts are described in subsection 2.14 "Control panel for rear axle DL, FDA and FPTO drives. Rear power takeoff control".
The rear power take off shaft operation is controlled by means of the integrated indicator as described in subsection 2.7.2 "Assignment and operation principle of integrated indicator gauges".
The rules of FPTO and RPTO coupling with different types of agricultural machines and implements are described in section 5 "Coupling of implements".
ATTENTION: OPERATING WITH FPTO AND RPTO OBSERVE ALL SAFETY MEASURES OF PTO OPERATION, WHICH ARE LISTED IN THE THIS OPERATION MANUAL!
ATTENTION: POWER TAKE OFF THROUGH THE REAR PTO AT SPEED MODE OF 540 RPM SHALL NOT EXCEED 60 kW!
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To exclude impact loads engage the rear PTO at engine speed close to minimum (between 1000 and 1100 rpm), then engine speed should be increased.
There are 6 exchangeable shat end extensions of RPTO. One shaft end extension (type 3, 20 splines, 45mm or type 2, 21 splines, 35mm) is mounted on the tractor, the other shaft end extensions of RPTO are attached to the set of spare parts, tools and accessories against order.
It is necessary to use a type of shaft end extension correctly depending on the power takeoff value on PTO shaft according to the instructions of section 5 "Coupling of implements".
The RPTO modes (standard mode and economy mode) shall be switched between only with the engine killed or at min. idle speed of the engine. For this purpose release the fixing bolt 39 (figure 3.2.7) and turn the shaft 38 until engages with the clutch, after that tighten the fixing bolt. To switch on the standard mode it is necessary to turn the shaft contraclockwise against the stop, to switch on the economy mode it is necessary to turn the shaft clockwise against the stop. Detailed description of RPTO operation principle is given in subsection 3.6 "Rear power take-off shaft".
For operation with rear PTO, take off a protective cap 3 (figure 4.2.1), that protects a shaft end extension 4, for this unscrew two fixing bolts 1. After finishing to operate with RPTO it is obligatory that you put the protective cap back.
To exchange the shaft end extension proceed as follows: - take off a cap 3, having unscrewed two bolts 1; - unscrew four bolts 5 and remove a thrust washer 2; - remove the shaft end extension 4 from the opening of a bushing 7; - mount the other shaft end extension into the spline opening, having greased a center pilot 6 with grease lubricant; - mount the thrust washer 2 and fix it with four bolts 2; - put the PTO cap 3 back, secure it with the bolts1.
1 bolt; 2 thrust washer; 3 protective cap; 4 exchangeable shaft end extension; 5 bolt; 6 center pilot; 7 bushing.
Figure 4.2.1 Protective cap removal and exchange of RPTO shaft end extension.
For operation with front PTO, in installed, remove the protective cap 7 (figure 3.7.3), for this it is necessary to squeeze the protective cap at its bottom and pull down. After finishing to operate with FPTO it is obligatory that you put the protective cap back, to do this it is required to put the cap on the shaft end extension and to press it lengthway till the cap is securely fixed in the aperture of the safeguard.
Detailed description of FPTO operation principle is given in subsection 3.7 "Front power takeoff shaft".
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4.2.8 Selection of optimal inner pressure in tires depending on operational conditions and load on tractor axles, instructions for tire use
4.2.8.1 Selection of optimal inner pressure in tires depending on operational conditions and load on tractor axles.
Selection of optimal air pressure in tires of wheeled tractors and rate of its influence on gripping abilities depend on soil type and load, applied to tractor axles. Air pressure in tires influences the wheel point being in contact with soil, and affects its gripping abilities as well as tractor operational performance depending on soil conditions. Rates of loads on tires to select operation mode at various inner pressures and speeds are set forth by a tire manufacturer and are provided in table 4.1.
The pressure value depends on travel speed and weight loads on tractor axles, created by weight of coupled implements with due account for tractor own weight and ballast weight and also operation conditions.
Inner pressure in tires for each specific case of tractor coupling with implements is different. Therefore if tractor operational conditions are changed it is required to check and if necessary adjust pressure value in tires. Failure to comply with pressure rates decreases tire life significantly.
Tractor operation with tire pressure set below the required rate results in the following wheel failures:
- tire turning on rims; - wearing of tire bead against rim edge; - occurrence of cracks on tire sides; - ply separation or rupture of a tire; - tear-out of tire valve (for tubed tires); Operation with tire pressure higher than the rated pressure results in the following wheel failures: - noticeable increased wear of tires; - stretching of carcass layers and decrease of tire flexibility; - increased skidding of wheels; - increased sensitivity to impacts and cuts. Extra duty operation resulting in excess of max. load capacity (for given pressure and speed) of tires and tractor axles is a reason for failures and damages not only to the undercarriage (tire carcass rupture, etc.) but also to other units and parts of the tractor, which can lead to accidents and decrease of the tractor life span in general. ATTENTION: ALWAYS SET TIRE PRESSURE WITH DUE ACCOUNT FOR LOADS AND SPEEDS EFFECTIVE FOR THE KIND OF PERATION BEING CARRIED OUT! Correct choosing tire pressure as well as identifying if it is necessary to mount ballast weights, their mass and type is possible only after defining a load value on tractor axles. The exact load value for a specific case of tractor use, which is applied to front and rear wheels of the tractor, can be determined only by way of practical weighing the tractor with the implement coupled. The method of identifying load on front and rear wheels of the tractor by way of weighing is presented in section 5 "Coupling of implements". To check tire pressure use properly-functioning devices with scale interval not more than 10 kPa. This will ensure adequacy of measurements. The permissible limit deviations for tire pressure are ± 10 kPa according to pressure gage readings.
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Table 4.1 Rates of loads on tractor single tires for selection of operational modes at various speeds and tire inner pressures
Spee d,
Tire stan- km/h dard size
Load on a single tire, kg, and a corresponding pressure, kPa
80 100 120 140 160 180 200 240
11.2R24 420/70R24
10* 1275* 1395* 1515* 1650* 1770* 20 1045 1140 1240 1350 1450 30 905 995 1080 1175 1260 40 850 930 1010 1100 1180
10 1875 2050 2230 2405 2585 2850 20 1720 1845 2030 2210 2335 (190 30 1500 1605 1765 1925 2035 ) 40 1400 1500 1650 1800 1900
Rate of solution for one tire, l
(at 75% filling) 75
(at 40% filling) 40
183
97
480/65R24 580/70R42
10 1980 2170 2350 2530 2680 3090
20 1870 2000 2225 2390 2530 (200
30 1630 1780 1930 2080 2200 ) 40 1520 1670 1810 1950 2060
10
4250** 4750 5175 5595 5970 6375
20
3970** 4415 4830 5225
30
3845 4205 4550
40
3590 3930 4250
205 109 507 270
10* 1250* 1425* 1595* 1735* 1860* 2005* 2135* 2380* 135
72
11.2R42
20 1070 1220 1365 1485 1600 1715 1830 2040 30 895 1020 1140 1240 1335 1435 1525 1700
*- inner pressure shall be increased by 25 % ** - values can be applied only for outer tires when tires are used in a twinned variant.
Notes: 1. Pressure shall be set in "cold" tires. 2. Performing operations, requiring large pulling force on the hook, set the pressure as for the speed of 30 km/h. When performing transport operations on roads with solid surface increase the pressure by 30 kPa. 3. Tractor operation with twinned tires is permitted only at the speed of 20 km/h. 4. Total loading capacity of twinned tires shall not exceed the loading capacity of a single tire by more than 1,7 times; 5. When twinning, make sure the pressure of outer tires is 1,2 1,25 times lower, than the pressure of inner tires.
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Table 4.2 Rates of pressure in front tires of basic configuration for tractors "BELARUS-1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3" with effective load and speed
Tractor configu- Load, applied
ration
to front axle, kg
Speed, km/h
Pressure in tires, kPa Single tires 420/70R24
Tractor without implements
(tractor mass is equal to operational mass as per technical require-
ments)
2900
V d 10 10V d 30
30V d 40 V d 10
100 100
100 100*
Tractor with additional load when coupled with ag-
ricultural machines
3500 4000
10V d 30 30V d 40
V d 10 10V d 30
30V d 40
120 140 100* 160 Not permitted
V d 10
130*
4500
10V d 30
Not permitted
30V d 40
Not permitted
Tractor with max. permitted load (as per technical requirements)
5000
V d 10 10V d 30 30V d 40
(160-180)* Not permitted
____________________________________________________________________________________________
--
ATTENTION: VALUES, MARKED WITH INDEX "*" SHALL BE APPLIED ONLY
IN THOSE CASES WHEN A TIRE IS NOT EXPOSED TO A CONTINUOUS USE
WITH HIGH TURNING TORQUES. AT FIELD WORKS AND OTHER CONDITIONS
OF CONTINUOUS USE WITH HIGH TURNING TORQUES THE VALUES, CORRE-
SPONDING TO THE SPEED OF 30 KM/H, ARE USED!
ATTENTION: AT TRANSPORT OPERATIONS ON ROADS WITH HARD
SURFACE INCREASE THE PRESSURE BY 30 KPA, BUT NOT MORE THAN TO
190 KPA!
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Table 4.3 Rates of pressure in rear tires of basic configuration for tractors "BELARUS-1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3" with effective load and speed
Tractor configura- Load, applied Speed,
tion
to front axle, km/h
kg
Tractor without
V d 10
implements (tractor mass is equal to opera-
4390
10V d 20
tional mass as per technical require-
20V d 40
ments)
V d 10
5000
10V d 20
20V d 40
V d 10
5500
10V d 20
20V d 40
V d 10
6000
10V d 20
Tractor with additional load when
coupled with
6500
20V d 40 V d 10
10V d 20
agricultural machines
20V d 40 V d 10
7000
10V d 20
20V d 40
V d 10
Pressure in tires, kPa
Single 580/70R42
Twinned
Inner
Outer
580/70R42 580/70R42
120
120
100
120
120
100
120
Not permitted
120* 120 120 120* 120 120 120* 120 120 120* 100 120 120* 120 120 120*
120*
100*
120
100
Not permitted
120*
100*
120
100
Not permitted
120*
100*
120
100
Not permitted
120*
100*
120
100
Not permitted
120*
100*
120
100
Not permitted
120*
100*
7500 8000
10V d 20
20V d 40 V d 10
10V d 20
120
120 120* 120
120
100
Not permitted
120*
100*
120
100
20V d 40
160
Not permitted
Tractor with max.
V d 10
120*
120*
100*
permitted load (as per Technical
requirements)
8500
10V d 20
120
20V d 40 160
120
100
Not permitted
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
ATTENTION: VALUES, MARKED WITH INDEX "*" SHALL BE APPLIED ONLY
IN THOSE CASES WHEN A TIRE IS NOT EXPOSED TO A CONTINUOUS USE
WITH HIGH TURNING TORQUES. AT FIELD WORKS AND OTHER CONDITIONS
OF CONTINUOUS USE WITH HIGH TURNING TORQUES THE VALUES, CORRE-
SPONDING TO THE SPEED OF 30 KM/H, ARE USED!
ATTENTION: AT TRANSPORT OPERATIONS ON ROADS WITH HARD
SURFACE INCREASE THE PRESSURE BY 30 KPA, BUT NOT MORE THAN TO
200 KPA!
Note The pressure is chosen with due account for the following principles:
- tractor operation with twinned tires is allowed only at the speed up to 20 km/h;
- total loading capacity of twinned tires shall not exceed the loading capacity of a
single tire by more than 1,7 times;
when twinning, make sure the pressure of outer tires is 1,2 1,25 times lower,
than the pressure of inner tires.
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4.2.8.2 Instructions for tire use To prevent premature wear of tires and tractor breakdown due to wrong use of tires, follow the below instructions for tire use: - carry out operations in technical maintenance of tires and wheels in due time; - keep tires away from fuel, oil and other oil products; - data on loads for 10 km/h (in table 4.1) are used only in conditions, requiring low traction force: when coupling seeder and harvesting units. For operations requiring large turning torque (tillage, etc.) use instructions for speed of 30 km/h; - do not operate the tractor with tire inner pressure not corresponding to a regulation rate for each specific case of its use; - keep to the established rates of tire inner pressure in accordance with the instructions of this manual; - when it is necessary to check and inflate tires during operation do not do it straight after the tractor is stopped: time gap is required to let tires cool off; - control air pressure in tires in cold condition with tire gage, which is to be periodically tested for precision of indications at stations or centers of service for any mechanical vehicles; - if air pressure drop is constantly observed in tires, be sure to find out the fault and eliminate it; - check pressure in tires, filled with a solution, with the valve staying in the extreme upper position; - when rear twinned wheels are mounted, inner pressure shall be provided in accordance with the instructions of the table 4.3; - use of tire sizes, not specified in the manual, is only possible upon agreement with the plant; - choosing and buying new tires follow the instructions of this manual. - wrong mounting and dismounting of tires results in damage to elements of tire structure. In household conditions tires are mounted and dismounted in a specially allocated area or in a room. As a rule, tires are mounted/dismounted on a special stand, but manual mounting/dismounting of tires is also possible (by means of tire levers and other fixtures). Mount tires of the same size, model and design on one axis. Periodical wheel rearrangement precludes their uneven wear. Do not mount wheels with various wear rates on one axis. Use of old tubes for new tires is not recommended; - comply with a permitted axial load to reach max. pulling force in particular operational conditions during tillage and also to reach least soil compaction; - when making a track it is obligatory to provide equal distances for counter wheels with relation to a vertical plane, crossing the center of the tractor. Mounting wheels remember of a correct direction of tire rotation and of a safe distance between the wheel and other elements of tractor design; - do not use twin tires to increase lifting power: twin tires are used to improve gripping parameters of the tractor when operating with heavy agricultural implements on soils having low bearing capacity; - do not operate the tractor with long wheel skidding and overload on the wheels: with heavy implements (having weight exceeding the values permitted for the tractor) or with soil processing implements, having resistance which is too much for the tractor in the given soil conditions. - avoid abrupt taking off, hard braking, sharp turns, long wheel skidding as the tractor gets trapped. IT IS FORBIDDEN TO OPERATE THE TRACTOR AND TO PUT IT FOR LONGTERM PARKING WITH TIRES DAMAGED OR DEFLATED.
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4.2.8.3 Permissible combination of front and rear tires
ATTENTION: A CORRECTLY CHOSEN COMBINATION OF FRONT AND REAR TIRES IS TO BE USED ON "BELARUS-1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3". THE CORRECT COMBINATION OF FRONT AND REAR TIRES WILL ENSURE MAX. OPERATION PERFORMANCES OF THE TRACTOR, INCREASE TIRE LIFE AND DECREASE WEAR OF POWER TRAIN COMPONENTS. COMBINATION OF WORN-OUT AND NEW TIRES OR TIRES WITH DIFFERENT DIAMETERS OR DIFFERENT ROLLING RADIUS MAY RESULT IN EXCESSIVE WEAR OF TIRES AND BREAKDOWN OF FDA PARTS. THE TABLE 4.4 PROVIDES PERMITTED COMBINATION OF TIRES FOR FRONT AND REAR WHEELS!
Table 4.4 Permissible combination of front and rear tires
Rear tires
580/70R42 11.2R42
420/70R24 + -
Front tires 480/65R24 + -
11.2R24 +
4.2.8.4 Tire inflation Inflate tires through an air bleed valve of a pressure regulator 1 (figure 4.2.2), for this do the following: - let air out of a balloon 3 of the pneumatic system through a condensate removing valve; - unscrew a winged nut 2 of the air bleed valve cap; - connect a pipe to inflate tires to the air bleed valve cap and to a tire valve; - start the engine and inflate the tire to reach a required pressure, controlling it with a pressure gage; - detach the pipe from the tire valve and from the air bleed valve cap; - screw the winged nut back on the air bleed valve cap.
ATTENTION: AS PRESSURE IN THE BALLON GOES UP TO 0.77 MPA, THE COMPRESSOR IS SWITCHED TO IDLE RUNNING BY THE PRESSURE REGULATOR AND TIRE INFLATION STOPS AUTOMATICALLY. FOR THIS REASON CHECK THE PRESSURE OVER THE INDICATOR ON THE DASHBOARD FROM TIME TO TIME AND, IF NECESSARY, REDUCE IT THROUGH THE CONDENSATE REMOVING VALVE!
1 pressure regulator; 2 winged nut; 3 balloon of the pneumatic system. Figure 4.2.2 Tire inflation
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4.2.9 Rear wheel track formation
The rear wheel track with the wheels of basic configuration 580/70R42 is changed by moving the hub together with the wheel over the axle shaft and by replacing the wheels from one sideboard to the other one.
To change the rear wheel track perform the following operations: - put the tractor on a level ground, put the stops under the front and rear wheels, clean the axle shafts from dirt; - jack up the corresponding axle tube; - release four tie bolts 1 (figure 3.13.1) of the inserts 3 and 4 (two on each insert) by three full revolutions. The other bolts are to be screwed out. Screw the bolts of the inserts in the thread holes for disassembly; - if it is impossible to squeeze the inserts out by means of disassembly bolts 1, fill kerosene or other liquid penetrant in places where inserts are detached from the hub body, wait for some time and then screw the disassembly bolts in, simultaneously knocking on the hub body until the inserts fully squeeze out; - move the hub to a required track (use the table 4.5 to set the track "K" (figure 4.2.3) by way of measuring the dimension "L" from the axle shaft end to the insert end face); - screw the tie bolts out of the disassembly holes and screw them into the inserts. Tighten the bolts with a torque of 550 to 600 N·m in several stages until all bolts are tightened with the required torque; - set the track for the other wheel by analogy; - check and tighten the tie bolts after the first operation hour, then after the first eight ten operation hours and after every consecutive 125 hours of operation. If the wheels were removed during changing the rear wheel track, mounting them back tighten the securing nuts with a torque of 700 to 750 N·m and check the wheel securing nuts for tightening after the first operation hour, after the first eight ten operation hours and every subsequent 125 hours of operation. ATTENTION: AFTER TIGHTENING THE BOLTS MAKE SURE THE END SURFACES OF THE UPPER AND LOWER INSERTS DON'T JUT OUT WITH RESPECT TO EACH OTHER BY A VALUE OF 1...2 MM!
DIAGRAM 1
DIAGRAM 2
Figure 4.2.3 Rear wheel track setting
Table 4.5 Rear wheel track setting
Tire size 580/70 R42
Diagram No (figure 4.2.3)
1 2
"K" track dimensions, mm
1800...2010 2230...2500
The installation dimension from the end surface of the hub insert to the axle shaft end "L",
mm 105...0 202...67
ATTENTION: EX-WORKS DELIVERED REAR WHEELS ARE SET TO A TRACK UNDER THE DIAGRAM 1 (FIGURE 4.2.3)!
ATTENTION: TO RECEIVE INFORMATION ON THE RULES OF REAR WHEEL TRACK SETTING WITH TIRES 11.2R42, PLEASE CONTACT YOUR DEALER!
IT IS FORBIDDEN TO OPERATE THE TRACTOR AT THE SPEED OF 20KM/H WITH THE TIRES 11.2R42 INSTALLED.
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4.2.10 Rear wheel twinning
With an aim to improve gripping properties of the tractor when coupled with heavy agricultural implements on soils with low bearing capacity, rear wheel twinning with use of spacers is provided.
The additional wheels are mounted one by one, in the following way: - set a permissible track for the main rear wheels, as specified in subsection 4.2.9 "Rear wheel track formation"; - put stops under the front and the rear wheels; - jack up the tractor rear part; - unscrew the nuts fastening the right and the left rear wheels to the hub and put them aside; - put washers 2, included into the spacer kit, on bolts 1 (figure 4.2.4); - secure the inner wheel with special bolts 3, included into the spacer kit, with a torque of 700 to 750 N·m; - mount a spacer on special bolts and tighten it with nuts 4 with a torque of 700 to 750 N·m; - mount an additional (outer) wheel on the spacer and tighten nuts 5, which were previously used to fasten the main wheel, with a torque of 700 to 750 N·m; - mount the other supplementary wheel by analogy;
1 hub bolt; 2 washer; 3 special bolt; 4 nut; 5 wheel nut.
Figure 4.2.4 Diagram of rear wheel twinning Dimensions for recommended track of the rear twinned wheels are given in table 4.6.
Table 4.6 Dimensions for recommended track of the rear twinned wheels
Size of tires in a set
1), mm 1), mm 1, mm 2, mm L, mm
580/70R42+spacer 2522-3109030+ 580/70R42
383
127 1800 3214 105
11.2R42+spacer 2022-3109030 2)+ 11.2R42
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________-
191
171 1800 2710 135
1) Referential dimensions 2) The spacer 2022-3109030 is used only in a set with tires 11.2R42 for inter-row
width of 450 mm.
Information on choosing optimal inner pressure for tires when operating the tractor with rear wheels twinned is presented in subsection 4.2.8 of this manual.
Operation peculiarities of tractors with twinned wheels are provided in section 5 "Coupling of implements".
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4.2.11 Front wheel track formation
The front wheel track is adjusted stepwise both by displacing the wheels from one sideboard to the other, and by changing a position of the wheel disk relative to the rim.
The front wheel track may have the following dimensions: 1620, 1725, 1790, 1890, 1940, 2040, 2105, 2205.
Installation diagrams and track dimensions for tires 420/70R24 (basic configuration) are given in table 4.7.
Table 4.7 Front wheel track adjustment
Variants of mounting the disk and the rim
Disk offset , mm
Tractor track , mm
(tire 420/70R24)
Description of mounting method
+140
1620
Main position. The inner surface of the disk mates with the gear group flange, and the disk is located from the outer side of the wheel support
Ex-works condition.
The rim is displaced relat-
+90
1725
ing to the disk. The inner surface of the support
mates with the disk.
The rim is turned by 180°.
-18
1940
The disk mates with the support inner surface.
Standard disk mounting with rim displacement
The rim is turned by 180°.
-68
2040
The disk mates with the support outer surface.
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Table 4.7 continued
Variants of mounting the Disk offset ,
disk and the rim
mm
Tractor track , mm
(tire 420/70R24)
Description of mounting method
+56
1790
The disk mates with the support outer surface.
Displacement of the disk and the rim
+6 -102
1890
The disk mates with the support inner surface.
2105
The rim is turned by 180°. The disk mates with the support inner surface.
-152
2205
The rim is turned by 180°. The disk mates with the support outer surface.
To set a required track proceed as follows: - brake the tractor using the parking brake. Put stop members at the front and at the back of the rear wheels; - jack up the tractor front part (or front wheels one by one), ensuring clearance between the wheels and the ground; - to obtain the track by displacing the wheel from one sideboard to the other one without changing disk position with respect to the rim, unscrew the nuts fastening the wheel disk to the gear group flange, take the wheels off and change from one sideboard to the other one, - to obtain the track by changing disk position relative to the rim with the wheels taken off the tractor, unscrew the nuts fastening the wheel rim to the disk and depending on the track required, set mutual arrangement of the rim and the disk as shown in the diagram in table 4.7. - torques of tightening screwed connections that fasten the wheels are given in subsection 6.4.2 "Maintenance services in every 125 hours of operation". Mounting the wheels make sure the wheel rotation direction coincides with an arrow direction on a tire side.
ATTENTION: AFTER YOU HAVE MOUNTED THE WHEELS CHECK NUTS FOR TIGHTENING AFTER THE FIRST OPERATION HOUR, AFTER 10 OPERATION HOURS AND EVERY 125 HOURS OF OPERATION!
ATTENTION: AFTER YOU HAVE CHANGED THE FRONT WHEEL TRACK CARRY OUT CHECK AND ADJUSTMENT OF FRONT WHEEL TOE-IN. BEFORE CHECKING THE TOE-IN MAKE SURE TO CHECK AND, IF NECESSARY, ADJUST PLAY IN STEERING JOINTS!
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4.3 Safety measures to be taken when operating the tractor
4.3.1 General safety measures to be taken when operating the tractor Do not operate the tractor in a closed room without required ventilation. Exhaust gas may result in lethal outcome. Tractor start-up and operation with the hood opened is not allowed. It is forbidden to open the hood when the engine is running. Do not start the engine when staying outside the operator's seat. Starting the engine and manipulating the controls, always stay inside the cab in the operator's seat. Start the engine by way of towing only at emergency situations and only on the tractor that has passed a 30-hour run-in. Before starting the engine, engage the parking brake, the front and the rear PTOs shall be engaged, the range shifting lever shall be in "Neutral" position. During tractor start there shall be no people under the tractor, in front of it or behind, as well as between the tractor and the coupled implement or trailer. Before setting on the move warn people around including those operating the coupled implements using the horn, make sure the parking brake is off and start moving slowly. Use safety harnesses (supplied against order) at hauling operations. Passenger staying in the cab during tractor operation is strictly forbidden. (Passenger may stay in the cab only when an additional seat is installed and hauling operations are carried out). Do not leave the tractor on the move. Performing hauling operations observe traffic regulations, adopted in your country. Hauling operations may be carried out by operators with not less than two years of tractor operation experience and those who have passed exams in traffic regulations. Drive the tractor on slippery roads with automatic DL engaged only at a speed not higher than 10 km/h. Using the tractor for hauling operations do the following: - set a track (1940 r 20) mm for front and rear wheels; - check operation of brakes; interlock brake pedals, check and if necessary adjust the brakes for simultaneity of operation; - check operation of the parking brake; - check a condition of devices for light and sound annunciation; hauling trailers shall have rigid hitches and be linked with a safety chain or a cable; - never move downhill with the gear disengaged. Move uphill and downhill at the same gear; It is forbidden to operate with a trailer without independent brakes, if its weight exceeds a half of a total actual weight of the tractor. The faster you move and the more weight you tow, the bigger safety distance shall be. It is forbidden to drive the tractor with twinned wheels on public roads! Hauling people inside trailers is forbidden. Before getting down to work with a trailer turn the compressor on, check the condition of the trailer brake pneumatic drive and air pressure in the system. Remove the failures detected. Make sure to connect the trailer brake pneumatic drive. Carry out connection of the trailer connecting head to the tractor connecting head with the parking brake engaged.
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Trailers attached to the tractor shall have a braking system, ensuring: - trailer brake on movement;
- brake engagement in case of trailer detachment from the tractor; - holding the trailer when staying on slopes;
- prevention of trailer from pushing the tractor when the travel speed is changed abruptly.
The trailer shall be linked to the tractor by means of a safety chain. It is required to check operation of the braking system of tractor-trailer train at a speed of 3 to 5 km/h. The travel speed at access ways and at passways shall not exceed 10 km/h. It is forbidden to drive on reverse to public roads. Loading (unloading) the trailer engage the parking brake of the tractor. The tractor, which is used with the trailer on public roads, shall operate with a roadtrain sign on in accordance with "Traffic regulations". Driving on public roads turn on a flashing beacon, if available. Do not stop the tractor on slopes. If there is a necessity to stop the tractor engage the parking brake. Working on the slopes increase the tractor track to the max. Working on the slopes with an angle of more than 20° set rear wheel track to the max.. Before exiting the cab disengage the front and rear PTOs, stop the engine, engage the parking brake and remove the key from the starter switch. If the engine or the steering are broken down, immediately stop the tractor. Keep in mind that with the engine stopped it is required to apply much greater force to the steering wheel to operate the tractor. In case a failure occurs, immediately stop the tractor and eliminate the fault. Avoid leakage of electrolyte, coolant, fuel, oil and braking fluid. Use summer and winter grades of fuel correctly. Fill in the fuel tank at the end of each day to decrease night condensation of moisture. Fill the tractor only with grades of oil and lubricants recommended by the manufacturer. It is strictly forbidden to use other lubricants. It is forbidden to turn off the system of electrical equipment by means of the battery disconnect switch with the engine running. Operate the tractor at night-time with lighting devices on and being in good order. If put to a wrong use, your tractor can be dangerous for you as well as for third persons. Avoid using equipment not intended for installation on the tractor. Make sure any additional equipment or auxiliary units are mounted correctly and that they are intended to be used with your tractor. To prevent the tractor from turning over, keep up with the following precaution measures when operating the tractor: - choose safe speed, corresponding to road conditions, especially when moving cross-country, when crossing ditches, slopes and by sharp turns; - turn round corners with a speed not higher than 5 km/h, on a slippery road not higher than 3 km/h. - move down the hill with first or second gear engaged. Note This list of precaution measures is not exhaustive. To avoid turning over, be always careful when operating the tractor. It is forbidden to use the tractor at works where the tractor may turn over. Do not operate the tractor with gauges out of order. It is not admitted to inflate tires without pressure control. Coupling the tractor with agricultural implements comply additionally with safety measures concerning use of these implements. Before coupling the tractor with agricultural implements make sure the automatic grips of the lower and upper links of the RLL are clean and faultless. It is forbidden to operate with the automatic grips out of order, their inner cavities stuffed with dirt and foreign particles. If the tractor front part rises off the ground when heavy implements are hinged on the mechanism of the rear lift linkage, mount front ballast weights.
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Do not work under raised agricultural implements. Do not leave implements uplifted when stopping for a long time.
Before lifting and lowering a hinged agricultural implement and also when turning the tractor make sure there is no danger of catching somebody or stumbling on the hurdle.
The mounted and semi-mounted machine is to be lowered into its operating position and up lifted into the hauling position only with a straight-line motion of the assembly unit.
To avoid breakdown of the tractor or the agricultural implement, drive and turn the tractor assembly with the agricultural implement uplifted only after you make sure the front and rear PTOs are disengaged.
Linking and hinging the agricultural machines and implements on the tractor the rear operator shall stay at a safety distance until the operation is fully stopped. The linkage (hinge) shall be started only after the tractor operator gives a command.
Engaging the rear PTO move the control rod smoothly from "off" position to "on" position, in order to avoid breakdown of the drive shaft, gears of the gear group and the rear PTO end extension.
Linking the machine cardan shaft to the RPTO, disengage the RPTO, stop the tractor by means of the parking brake and stop the engine.
After disconnecting the machines driven by the rear or the front PTO, remove cardan drives and cover the PTO end extensions with protective caps.
Cardan shafts, transferring torque from the front and rear PTOs of the tractor to the implement working units shall be safeguarded.
Operating with stationary machines, driven by the front and rear PTOs, always engage the parking brake and lock the rear wheels at the front and at the back. Make sure the machine is securely fixed.
Make sure the safeguards of the front and rear PTOs are mounted and, if the PTO is not used, put back the cap of the PTO shaft end extension.
Do not wear loose clothes when working with the front and rear PTOs or near rotating equipment.
To avoid breakdown of the tractor or the agricultural machine, turning the tractor assembly is possible only after the working units of the machine have been fully raised from the ground.
When the tractor assemblies are operating in a column, they shall have an interval not less than 30 m between each other.
Depending on operation conditions use natural ventilation of the cab or the unit of air cooling and heating.
During tractor operation the operator shall use standard means of protection for hearing organs.
In case the tractor assembly is operated or is driven in an area of power transmission lines, a distance between the top of the tractor assembly and wires shall conform to table 4.8.
Table 4.8
Line voltage, V, up to Horizontal distance, m, not less than Vertical distance, m, not less than
11 20-25 110 154-220 330-500
1,5 2
4
6
9
1
2
3
4
6
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4.3.2 Fire safety measures The tractor shall be equipped with fire fighting equipment, i.e. a shovel and a fire extinguisher. Operating the tractor without fire fighting equipment is forbidden. Never fuel the tractor with the engine running. Do not smoke when fueling in the tractor. Do not fuel the tank to the max. Leave some volume for fuel to expand. Never add petrol or mixtures to engine fuel. This combination may create increased danger of inflammation or explosion. Places for tractor parking, storing of fuel and lubricants shall have a plowed around band of not less than 3 m width and also be provided with fire extinguishing means. The tractor must be filled with fuel and lubricants by a mechanic way and with the engine stopped. Use lighting at night time. It is not recommended to fill in tanks using buckets. Carrying out repair operations in field conditions using electric/gas welding, clean parts and assembly units from plant remains. Prevent the manifold and muffler from getting dirty with fuel, thatch, etc. Avoid thatch winding around rotating parts of the implements coupled with the tractor. Washing parts and assembly units with kerosene or gasoline take care to exclude a possibility of inflammation of flushing fluid vapor. Do not operate the tractor in places subjected to fire risk with the hood and other protective units removed from hot parts of the engine. Do not use open fire to warm up oil in the engine sump, to fill in fuel tanks, to burn out dirt in a radiator cell. In case a fire bed occurs, pour some sand onto it, cover with canvas cloth, sackcloth or other dense texture. Use a carbon-dioxide fire extinguisher. Do not pour water over burning fuel and oil. Make sure there are no flammable materials near the exhaust manifold and the muffler during engine running. Harvesting hay and thatch, operating at places with enhanced danger of fire, avoid amassment of inflammable materials on a muffler guard and on gas links. Turn the power disconnect switch off when finishing to operate the tractor.
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4.4 Tractor final assembly and run-in
4.4.1 Tractor final assembly The "BELARUS-1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3" tractors are supplied to a consumer ready assembled, final assembly is not required.
4.4.2 Technical maintenance before tractor run-in Before placing a new tractor in operation do the following: - wash the tractor, remove preservative lubricant (if any on the tractor); - carefully inspect the tractor, check it for completeness and availability of instruction manuals; - remove accumulator batteries, set them into working condition and mount back; - check outer threaded joints for tightness and tighten if necessary; - check oil level in the engine oil sump, in the transmission, in FDA case, in cases of FDA wheel gear groups, in HLL and HSC oil tanks, in the FPTO gear group and, if necessary, add as per section 6 "Maintenance"; - drain the available fuel from the fuel tank and fill the fuel tank with new settled fuel: in winter winter grade, in summer summer grade; - check the braking fluid level in tanks of main cylinders of clutch hydrostatic drives and working brakes and if necessary add as per section 6 "Maintenance"; for BELARUS1822.3/2022.3 tractors check the brake fluid level in the master cylinder housings for clutch and brakes control on reverse and add if required; - fill the engine cooling system with cooling fluid through the extension tank filler. Fill until the cooling fluid level in the extension tank is 50...70 mm below the top edge of the filler; - check and, if necessary, set a desired pressure in tires according to tables 4.2 and 4.3; - make sure there are protective guard shields (for RPTO, FPTO, etc.); - check engine running, operability of lighting and warning devices, action of brakes and steering control, and also check functioning of the other systems and units of the tractor over on-board control gauges; Before starting to run in, check tightness of nuts attaching rear wheels to the hub (the torque shall make 700 to 750 N·m), nuts attaching front wheels to FDA gear group flanges (the torque shall make 280 to 320 N·m) and nuts attaching the front wheel disks to the rim brackets (the tightening torque shall make 180 to 240 N·m).
4.4.3 Tractor run-in ATTENTION: THE FIRST 30 HOURS OF TRACTOR OPERATION HAVE GREAT INFLUENCE ON OPERATIONAL PARAMETERS AND LIFE SPAN OF THE TRACTOR. YOUR TRACTOR WILL FUNCTION PROPERLY FOR A LONG TIME PROVIDING YOU CARRY OUT THE RUN-IN CORRECTLY AND PERFORM OPERATIONS IN TECHNICAL MAINTENANCE IN TERMS SPECIFIED IN SECTION 6 "MAINTENANCE"! ATTENTION: IT IS OBLIGATARY THAT YOU CARRY OUT TRACTOR RUN-IN FOR 30 HOURS! LOAD THE TRACTOR UP TO 80 % OF ITS RATED POWER BEFORE THE FIRST TECHNICAL MAINTENANCE (TM-1) (125 HOURS)!
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Start the engine. Let the engine run at idle speed for five minutes gradually increasing the speed to 1600 rpm, then run in for 30 hours under load.
Carrying out the 30-hour run-in follow the below instructions: - constantly inspect gauge indications, operation of lubrication system, cooling system and power supply system. Control levels of oil and fluids in refill capacities; - check outer fastening links for tightness and tighten them; - do not overload the engine, avoid engine smoking and speed decrease. The features of overload are sharp decrease of speed, smoking and absence of engine reaction to increase of fuel feed. Operation at high gear under load results in excessive wear of friction parts of the engine; - tractor operation at lower gear under small load and with increased speed of the engine will result in fuel overconsumption. Right selection of the gear for each specific condition of operation ensures fuel economy and reduces engine wear-out; - avoid prolonged engine operation without load in a mode of max. or min. speed of the engine; - for correct break-in of the clutch friction parts during the run-in process engage the clutch more often and more smoothly.
4.4.4 Technical maintenance during tractor run-in After the first operation hour check tightening of nuts attaching rear wheels to the hub, nuts attaching front wheels to FDA gear group flanges and nuts attaching the front wheel disks to the rim brackets. Then inspect the wheel tightening every eight hours during the run-in. In the run-in process regularly carry out operations in shift-time technical maintenance according to the instructions, set forth in section 6 "Maintenance" of this manual.
4.4.5 Technical maintenance after tractor run-in After the tractor run-in do the following: - inspect and wash the tractor; - listen to the operation of all tractor constituents; - check tightening of nuts attaching rear wheels to the hub, nuts attaching front wheels to FDA gear group flanges and nuts attaching the front wheel disks to the rim brackets; - tighten two lock nuts M27x1,5 (with left and right thread) of the steering link tube with a torque of 100 to 140 N·m and two crown nuts M20x1,5 of the steering link ball pins. To tighten the crown nuts, remove the cotter pin first, tighten each crown nut with a torque of 100 to 140 N·m, then turn each crown nut until the nearest notch on the nut coincides with a hole in the ball pin and then fasten with a cotter pin. - check and if necessary tighten outer threaded links; - drain condensate from the pneumatic system receivers; - drain sediment from fuel tanks and the fine and coarse filters; - check the state of accumulator batteries, clean terminal connections and ventilation holes; - check and if required adjust free movement of the clutch pedal, of the brake pedal and the pneumatic drive; - drain oil from the transmission. Then clean the rotor of the gearbox centrifugal oil filter and the gearbox net filter. Fill the transmission with new oil; - replace oil in the housings of the wheel gear groups and in the FDA housing; - replace oil in the housing of the front PTO reduction unit, if available; - replace oil in the engine sump; - clean the rotor of the centrifugal oil filter; - replace the engine oil filter; - check and tighten the cylinder head fastening bolts if required; - check and adjust the clearance between the valves and the rocker arms; - check lubrication in all assembly units according to clause 3 of table 6.4. Where required lubricate or replace the lubricant; - check and if necessary restore hermiticity of the air cleaner and inlet line;
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2022.3-0000010 OM - check and adjust tension of the drive belts of the alternator and the engine water pump; - control engine running, steering, brakes, operation controls, lighting and warning systems; 4.5 Actions in extreme conditions 4.5.1 To stop the tractor immediately, sharply depress clutch and brake pedals. 4.5.2 For emergency stop of the engine pill the engine stopping handle. 4.5.3 In case of an accident immediately stop the engine, brake the tractor, deactivate accumulator batteries and get off the tractor through one of emergency exits, having opened left or right cab door, depending on the tractor position, or rear screen, or one of lateral screens. To open the lateral screens it is required to move the screen opening handle to an operating condition (operating condition screen opened), then press this handle in the direction, which is contrary to the tractor forward motion, until the guide pin fully comes out from the handle, and then open the screen completely. If it is not possible to open the emergency exits, break the screen of one of the emergency exits with a heavy subject at hand and leave the tractor cab. Note Emergency exit allocation is given in subsection 2.18 "Cab locks and handles". 4.5.4 In case the engine crankshaft speeds up excessively, kill the engine and brake the tractor immediately. 4.5.5 In case a fire bed occurs, stop the engine, brake the tractor, turn off the accumulator battery switch. Pour some sand onto the fire bed, cover with canvas cloth, sackcloth or other dense texture. Use a carbon-dioxide fire extinguisher. Do not pour water over burning fuel and oil.
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5 COUPLING OF IMPLEMENTS
5.1 General information
In section 5 "Coupling of implements" necessary instructions and data on features of application of an agricultural tractor "BELARUS -1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3" are given.
Permitted field of application of tractor "BELARUS-1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3" includes places with unrestricted air exchange, sufficient flotation and overall passing ability.
Tractors "BELARUS-1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3" are designed for performance of the mechanized works in plant growing and fodder production.
Tractors "BELARUS-1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3" are packaged with necessary work equipment for coupling of implements i.e. lift linkage and drawbar hitches (RLL, FLL, DH), PTO, hydraulic outlets, pneumatic heads and electrical outlet receptacles. The tractor implements listed above allow coupling of implements of various machines in structure of MTU (machine and tractor unit or tractor-mounted units).
ATTENTION: THE TRACTORS "BELARUS-1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3" ARE DESIGNED FOR COUPLING OF MOUNTED, SEMIMOUNTED, SEMITRAILED AND TRAILED IMPLEMENTS IN STRUCTURE OF U ONLY, TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WHICH, RELATED TO ABILITY TO BE COUPLED, ARE COMPARABLE TO TRACTOR SPECIFICATIONS! OTHER APPLICATION OF TRACTOR IS NOT ALLOWED!
APART FROM OPERATION WITH AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS THE LOW SPEED MODIFICATION OF THE REVERSE CONFIGURATION (2022B.3 17/32) CAN BE USED FOR OPERATION WITH MULCHERS, SOD PEAT DIGGING MACHINES AND OTHER MACHINES WITH ACTIVE WORKING ELEMENTS DRIVEN FROM ERAR PTO AND USED AT LOW OPERATION SPEEDS!
Note: Usage peculiarities of the low-speed modification of the reverse configuration of the tractor (2022.3 17/32) are given in subsection 5.16.
Selection and buying of agricultural implements (fertilizer distributors, ploughs, motor cultivators, harrows, seeding machines, rotary tooling and other implements) for tractors "BELARUS-1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3" is carried out by the customer itself according to its needs, and with consideration of the implement and tractor performance specifications, and also local conditions i.e. agrotechnical requirements, soil conditions, personal experience, guidelines of corresponding regional advisory centers and institutions for agricultural industry.
ATTENTION: GUIDELINES AND DATA ON SPECIFIC ASPECTS OF USAGE OF IMPLEMENTS WITH A TRACTOR AND DATA ON THE RECOMMENDED TRACTOR PERFOMANCE SPECIFICATIONS ARE PRESENTED IN OPERATIONAL DOCUMENTATION FOR IMPLEMENTS COUPLED!
Possibilities of agricultural tractors applications (including the low-speed modification of the reverse configuration of the tractor (2022.3 17/32)) in the specified use environment are limited by tolerance range of force, exerted on hook rating and engine power, tractor maximum permissible load, roadhold of chassis, frictional sliding, operation driving speed, size power takeoff value and operating weight of the implements coupled.
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ATTENTION: WHILE OPERATING TRACTOR IN STRUCTURE OF U IT IS REQUIRED TO STUDY AND FOLLOW THE INSTRUCTIONS SET FORTH IN THE OPERATIONAL DOCUMENTATION OF IMPLEMENTS COUPLED WITH A TRACTOR CAREFULLY! PERSONNEL NOT HAVING STUDIED DOCUMENTATION AND SAFE MACHINE OPERATING PROCEDURES, AND HAVING NO DOCUMENTS ON-SITE, IS NOT ALLOWED
ATTENTION: WHEN COUPLING OF MOUNTED, SEMIMOUNTED, SEMITRAILED
AND
TRAILED
IMPLEMENTS
WITH
TRACTORS
"BELARUS-
1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3", INSTALLATION OF AUTOMATED CONTROL SYS-
TEMS, BEING THE PART OF THE MACHINE KIT, FOR TRACING OF OPERATIONS
SEQUENCE IN THE CABIN, AND ITS CONNECTION TO THE BOARD NETWORK IS
ALLOWED IF IT IS PROVIDED FOR IN THE OPERATIONAL DOCEMENTS FOR THE
IMPLEMENTS.
Tractors "BELARUS-1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3" belong to the category of motor vehicles covered by traffic regulations proceedings and other regulatory documents on the operation of off-track vehicles.
Tractor operator is personally liable for abidance by traffic regulations and safe operation requirements, and safety measures and correctness of tractor "BELARUS1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3" operation, set forth in this operation manual.
Service stuff qualification requirements for tractor "BELARUS1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3" operation:
- only qualified personnel that is aware of safety arrangement and precautions matters, having license documents of due form, determined by the legislation for tractor driving and having got admission to operate certain tractor, is allowed.
- if tractor owner (or any person liable for tractor operation) does not operate the tractor himself, he must ensure that before starting operations all persons related to the tractor have been duly instructed on safety operation requirements and on correct coupling of implements with the tractor, and have studied the operation manuals for the tractor and the engine enclosed.
ATTENTION: OWNERS AND OFFICIALS OR OTHER PERSONS MUST NOT ALLOW THE TRACTOR FOR ROAD TRAFFIC AND COUPLING WITH IMPLEMENTS, OR ADMIT OPERATORS FOR DRIVING THE TRACTOR IN CONTRAVENTION OF CURRENT TRAFFIC REGULATIONS AND THE PRESENT OPERATION MANUAL!
ATTENTION: BEFORE STARTING THE TRACTOR IN STRUCTURE OF MTU ENSURE THAT THERE ARE NO PEOPLE IN CLOSE VICINITY TO THE TRACTOR INCLUDING THE AREA BETWEEN THE TRACTOR AND IMPLEMENTS OR TRAILERS (SEMITRAILERS) COUPLED!
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5.2 Types of implements coupled with tractor "BELARUS1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3"
According to the type of coupling with tractors «BELARUS1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3» the implements are divided into the following types:
- mounted implement is fixed in three points to the upper and lower draft arms of LL. The tractor can carry weight of an implement in full. Implement structural components at carry is not in touch with ground contact area. While changing the implement position from operating to transport the point in which the implement is connected to the tractor is forcedly displaced to the new point along the full vertical extent;
- semimounted implement is fixed in three points to the upper and lower draft arms of LL or just in two points to the lower draft arms of LL only. The tractor can carry weight of an implement in part and mostly by its traveling wheels (usually by one or two wheels). While changing the implement position from operating to transport, the point in which the implement is connected to the tractor is forcedly displaced to the new point along the full vertical extent. Two-point articulated linkage is effected by way of connection of suspension axis link pin to the lower draft arms hinges of LL (upper draft arm is not used). It is also possible to use a cross bar from the tractor or implement kit.
- semitrailed implement is usually fixed in one point by means of tractor drawbar clevis to the DH. It is also possible to use a two-point connection with lift linkage (upper draft arm is not used). The tractor can carry weight of an implement in part and mostly by its traveling wheels (usually not less than by two). While changing the implement position from operating to transport, position of the point in which the implement is connected to the tractor remains unchanged. Semitrailed implements include various vehicles for general and special purposes: general purpose semitrailers, tank semitrailers and dampers, and special purpose semitrailed vehicles for mechanizing of technological process in the agricultural sector.
- trailed implement is usually fixed in one point by means of tractor drawbar clevis to the DH. It is also possible to use a two-point connection with lift linkage (upper draft arm is not used). The chassis can carry weight of an implement in full, hitch mechanism (DH or LL) is loaded only by weight of implement connector. While changing the implement position from operating to transport, position of the point in which the implement is connected to the tractor remains unchanged. Semitrailed implements include various vehicles for general and special purposes: general purpose semitrailers, tank semitrailers, and dampers, and special purpose semitrailed vehicles for mechanizing of technological process in the agricultural sector.
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5.3 Lift linkage
5.3.1 General information While operating front and rear lift linkage via the ground control console the operator shall stay beyond the reach of three-point lift linkage and take to the account the external dimensions of projecting parts of the lifted implement.
ATTENTION: BEFORE LEAVING THE TRACTOR FOR ANY TIME PERIOD, THE LINKED IMPLEMENT SHALL BE PUT ON THE GROUNG INDISPENSABLY!
ATTENTION: MAXIMUM LIFTING POWER VALUE OF A HINGE MECHANISM (FLL OR RLL) AT THE SUSPENSION AXIS DETERMINATES TECHNICAL OPERABILITY OF THE LIFT LINKAGE, BUT NOT PERMISSIBLE MASS OF THE IMPLEMENT COUPLED THROUGH IT. PERMISSIBLE MASS OF THE IMPLEMENT DEPENDS ON THE CENTROID OVERHANGING LENGTH AGAINST THE SUSPENSION AXIS, AND IT IS LIMITED BY PERMISSIBLE LOADS ON THE TRACTOR AND BY CONTROLLABILITY CRITERION!
The RLL and the FLL provide semiautomatic coupling of agricultural implements. The RLL and the FLL correspond to ISO 4254-3.
5.3.2 Three-point rear lift linkage The three-point rear lift linkage of "BEARUS-1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3" is made according to State Standard GOST 10677 and ISO 730. Basic parameters of RLL, specified in Table 5.1 and in Figures 5.3.1, 5.3.2, are given with standard rear tires (580/70R42 both single and doubled), mounted on the tractor and with standard static radius, specified by the manufacturer. Rear lift linkage as defined by subsection 3.17 "Rear lift linkage", consists of three links (upper one and two lower links) with front ends articulated via hinged joint with the tractor, and with rear ends articulated with free hinged joint for the purpose of connection to the attachment pins of the implements coupled. The RLL is designed for connection of implements for tail positioning to a tractor, for link power transfer during operation and adjustment of their position during operation, or run at transport position. The RLL provides for coupling of the following types of implements and instruments: - mounted implement fixed in three points (upper one and lower links); - semimounted (lower links); - semimounted with a cross arm to the suspension axis of lower links.
ATTENTION: MOUNTING OF A CROSS BAR OR TRAILING SUSPENSION AXIS, BEING THE PART OF IMPLEMENTS SET FOR COUPLING OF SEMIMOUNTED, SEMITRAILED AND TRAILED IMPLEMENTS FOR FULFILLMENT OF DIFFERENT WORKS WHEN SPEED DOES NOT EXCEEDS 15 KM/H, TO THE ENDS OF LOWER LINKS OF REAR LIFT LINKAGE!
Sizes and structure of RLL of tractors "BELARUS-1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3" make it possible to couple all implements, having the corresponding dimensions of attachment elements of connection triangle shown in RLL diagram
Rear lift linkage diagram of type "LL-3" is shown in Figure 5.3.1. Rear lift linkage diagram of type "LL-2" is shown in Figure 5.3.2.
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In construction of rear LL there is a possibility of use of an adjusting rod which by fixing of the lower links of a certain size among themselves ensures necessary length of a suspension axis and facilitates their connection to an implement. For protection of coupled implements from rocking length adjustable limit external rods are used.
To ensure the implement is in the right position the following adjustments of RLL by means of the upper link, lifting rods and limit turnbuckles are provided in vertical and horizontal plane:
1 Modification of length of upper link It is carried out in order to ensure equal penetration of operative parts (alignment of running depth of operative parts located one after another along the tractor run). If mounted plough carriage reaches forward along the tractor run and the front plough body cuts deeper than the rear one, extend the upper link; and if the front plough body cuts for the more shallow depth than the rear one, the upper link shall be shortened.
2 Modification of length of left or right lifting rod. The modification is carried out in the following cases: - to ensure the implement is in the horizontal plane; - to ensure the even depth processing with operative parts of tractor-mounted machine across the width of cut;
3 Modification of length of both lifting rods, upper link for transport position of the implement.
The modification is carried out in the following cases: - to ensure the road clearance is not less than 300 mm; - to ensure the sufficient safe clearance between the elements of the tractor and the implement, excluding the contact of parts of the tractor implements (clearance is not less than 100 mm). 4. Modification of length of both turnbuckles. The modification is carried out in the following cases: - during transportation of the implement, the turnbuckles shall be blocked for the limitation of the implement rocking at run for the avoidance of the tractor elements damaging in case of an incidence; - during operation of mounted, semimounted tilling machines with passively operated parts for the full processing (share and chisel ploughs, shallow ploughs, rippers and other implements), free movement in horizontal plane (rocking) shall be ensured, and the fasteners shall be unblocked as indicated in subsection 3.17.2 "Turnbuckle";
IT IS FORBIDDEN TO OFFSET THE LONGITUDINAL AXIS OF THE IMPLEMENT, CONCERNING THE LONGITUDINAL AXIS OF THE TRACTOR BY MEANS OF ADJUSTMENT OF TURNBUCKLES.
Note Rules on adjustment of the lifting rods and turnbuckles are specified in subsection 3.17 "Rear lift linkage".
ATTENTION: LENGTH OF THE LEFT LIFTING ROD OF THE REAR LIFT LINKAGE MAKES 770 MM, WHICH SHALL NOT BE CHANGED WITHOUT PARTICULAR NEED. IT IS USUALLY THE RIGHT LIFTING ROD THAT IS LENGH ADJUSTABLE. WHEN THE CROSSBAR IS USED ON THE SUSPENSION AXIS AND WHEN REVERSIBLE PLOUGH IS USED THE LENGH OF THE LIFTING RODS SHALL BE ALL THE SAME!
ATTENTION: NONCOMPLIANCE WITH THE REQUIREMENTS FOR ADJUSTMENT OF TURNBUCKLES AND LIFTING RODS MAY RESULT IN TURNBUCKLE OR SUPPORT BRACKET BREAK OR OTHER BREAKAGE!
ATTENTION: ESSENTIAL FEATURES AND WAYS OF ADJUSTMENT OF POSITION OF THE IMPLEMENT COUPLED WITH MOUNTED DEVICES ACCORDING TO THE PECULIARITIES OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS EXECUTION AND AGROTECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS ARE SPECIFIED IN OPERATIONAL DOCUMENTATION OF SUCH IMPLEMENTS. IF THERE IS NO INFORMATION IN OPERATIONAL DOCUMENTATION, YOU SHALL OBTAIL IT FROM THE MANUFACTURER OR SELLER OF THE IMPLEMENT!
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During operation of wide-cut implements in order to facilitate crossover contour following (planting cultivator and etc.,) and reduction of load on the RLL, free movement in vertical plane of one lower link relative to another is to be ensured. To achieve this you have to adjust the lifting rods in order to make one lower link move freely in vertical plane relative to another. Such an adjustment is made by exchange of pins, mounted on the fork as set forth in subsection 3.17.3 "Lifting rod". RLL is controlled by RLL control panel located in the cabin and via the remote buttons on rear wheels panel ensuring positioning of lower links of rear LL at the required height. Operator chooses the way to adjust the position of the rear lift linkage in manual mode by turning the lever of adjustment on the control panel of RLL. Remote RLL control buttons allow the operator to maintain prompt control of RLL during coupling of assembly unit.
Electronic system for the rear lift linkage control provides the following performance capabilities for RLL:
- adjustment of lower links lifting and lowering speed; - limiting of lower links rising height; - choice of the required way of adjustment of lower links positions; - adjustment of soil processing depth; - possibility to work with implements with depth control of operated parts movements (depth adjustment is carried out by an implement support wheel). Note Rules on RLL control are specified in subsection 2.15 "Lift linkage control". RLL control system provides for the following ways of adjustment of mounted and semimounted implements and their operated parts: 1 For the implements and units having no support wheels: - draft control (depth adjustment is carried out according to link resistance of the implement); - position control (the implement is hold in the predetermined position in relation to the tractor frame); - mixed control (draft with position control in any combination); 2 For the implements and units, having support wheels: - mixed type (draft with position control in any combination).
Figure 5.3.1 Rear lift linkage diagramm of "LL-3" type
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Figure 5.3.2 Rear lift linkage diagramm of "LL-2" type
Table 5.1 Basic parameters and coupling dimensions of RLL
Standard size (configuration) of the device 1 Category (acc. to ISO 730-1) 2 Design features
3 Purpose
"LL-3"2)
"LL-2"
(Figure 5.3.1)
(Figure 5.3.2)
Category 3
Category 2
Device consisting of three links (upper one and two
lower ones), pivot-connected with the tractor; coupling
elements of the implement during operation
free ends of links with hinge pivots are coupled during
implement coupling with the implement elements
To connect (mount) or coupling of mounted, semi-
mounted implements
4 Lower links
Solid with FC and changeable hinge joints
5 Length of lower links, mm
1060
1060
6 Hinged joint width of the upper (lower) link, mm
51 (45)
51 (45)
7 Diameter of a pin of a rear-end hinged joint of the upper link, mm
32
25
8 Diameter of holes in rear hinge joints of lower links, mm
37
28,7
9 Distance between PTO shaft
end extension face and suspen-
660
672
sion axis, mm
10 Strut height 1), mm
685
610
11 Length of the suspension axis along the shoulders 1), mm
12 Lifting power of the device, kN 3):
) on the suspension axis;
b) at overhang of 610 mm from the suspension axis
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
965
65 45
825
65 45
1) Dimension refers to the implement coupled. 2) Basic variant recommended for the general application. 3) It is not allowed to apply loads to the RLL, exceeding the tire loading rates, specified in table 4.1.
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5.3.3 Three-point front lift linkage Optionally the tractor "BELARUS-2022.5".may have FLL installed. Front lift linkage with dimensions corresponding to standard size "LL-2", is similar on critical parameters to the rear lift linkage. The front lift linkage is designed for the following purposes: - forming of combined units (tiller is in front of the machine, and seeder is behind and etc.); - forming of echelon linkage mounting (front and side-cut mower, etc.); - transportation of individual implements detached from the combined units located in the rear end during long-distance transportation; - for mounting of front hanging ballast. The front lift linkage of a tractor is used with tilling machines only in a propelling condition, the FLL is not designed for use with tilling machines on reverse.
IT IS PROHIBITED TO OPERATE FLL WITH LOGGING BLADES, AND FOR JACKING OF TACTOR FRONT ELEMENT.
Note Rules on coupling of implements with FLL, guidance on changing of FLL operating position into the transport position, and also the general information about the design of FLL are set forth in subsection 3.19 "Front lift linkage.
Figure 5.3.3 Front lift linkage diagram
Table 5.2 Basic parameters and coupling dimensions of FLL
Standard size (configuration) of the device
"LL-2"
1 Category (acc. to ISO 730-1)
Category 2
2 Design features
Device consisting of lower link and upper links unit. The lower ends of the links are
articulated with coupling elements of the
implement during operation
3 Purpose
To connect (mount) or couple with mounted, and semimounted implements
and quick-detachable linkage-mounted
loads
4 Lower links
Solid with FC and changeable hinge joints
5 Length of lower links, mm
775
6 Hinged joint width of the upper (lower) link, mm
51 (45)
7 Diameter of a pin of a rear-end hinged joint of the upper link, mm
25
8 Diameter of holes in rear hinge joints of lower links, mm
28,7
9 Distance between PTO shaft end extension face and suspension axis, mm
637
10 Strut height 1), mm
610
11 Length of the suspension axis along the shoulders 1), mm
825
12 Lifting power of the device, kN 2):
) on the suspension axis;
b) at overhang of 610 mm from the suspen-
48
sion axis
30
Dimension refers to the implement coupled. 1) __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2) It is not allowed to apply loads to the FLL, exceeding the tire loading rates, specified in table
4.1.
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Scheme of installation of linkage-mounted ballast weights to FLL assembled with linkage-mounted supporting bracket is shown in Figure 5.3.4. Information about installation of the linkage-mounted ballast weights on the RLL is given in Table 5.2a.
Figure 5.3.4 Scheme of installation of linkage-mounted ballast weights to FLL
Table 5.2 Information about installation of linkage-mounted ballast weights to FLL
1 Equipment title
2 Primary purpose
3 Design features
4 Type of LL (accord. to GOST 10677) 1) 5 Category (accord. to ISO 730-1) 1) 6 Maximum weight of bracket with ballast weights, kg 7 Minimum weight of bracket with ballast weights, kg 8 Weight of bracket without ballast weights, kg
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1) Refers to the coupling dimensions of mounted bracket.
Linkage-mounted ballast weights kit assembled with mounted bracket Additional loading of front driving axle, facilitating the tractor weight distribution by coupling to a tractor lift linkage It consists of ballast weights kit assembled with mounted bracket
LL-2 Category 2
640 460 105
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2022.3-0000010 OM 5.4 Drawbar hitches 5.4.1 General information Drawbar hitches of "BELARUS-1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3" can be packaged with drawbar hitches DH-2V, DH -V, DH -2R, DH -2 and DH -1-01, ensuring coupling and transporting of trailed and semitrailed implements coupling devices of which correspond to the following requirements: - compatibility according to the coupling dimensions; - implements are equipped with rigid drawbar hitch; - draft poles are equipped with a device making the procedure of coupling/uncoupling with drawbar hitch of a tractor easier; - drawbar hitches of semitrailers have an adjustable support. The tractor "BELARUS - 1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3" has a special-purpose rear mounting device of lift type in the form of guide plates with several borings fixed to the rear joint face of a rear axle body. The device is meant for mounting of drawbar hitches and allows height adjustment of DH-2V, DH-2R and DH-3V. Installation variants scheme of DH-2V is shown in Figure 5.4.1. Installation variants scheme of DH-V is shown in Figure 5.4.2. Installation variants scheme of DH-2R is shown in Figure 5.4.3. Installation scheme of DH-1-01 is shown in Figure 5.4.4. Installation scheme of DH -1 is shown in Figure 5.4.5. Basic parameters of drawbar hitches shown in Tables 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5,6, 5.7 and in Figures 5.4.1, 5.4.2, 5.4.3, 5.4.4, 5.4.5 are given with standard rear tires (580/70R42 both single and dual mounted to the tractor) and with standard static radius, specified by the manufacturer. Note General information about DH is set forth in subsection 3.20 "All-purpose drawbar hitch".
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5.4.2 Drawbar hitch DH-2V
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Figure 5.4.1 Installation variants scheme of DH-2V
Table 5.3 Basic parameters and coupling dimensions of DH-2V
Standard size (configuration)
DH-2V (Towing yoke)
1 Variant
Yoke acc. to ISO Yoke acc. to GOST
2 Mounting location
Rear lifting device
3 Design features
Nonrotational, hight adjustable
4 Purpose
For connection and coupling of trailed, semitrailed implements with traveling wheels including of tractor semitrailer type
5 DH yoke dimensions, mm: ) connecting pin diameter b) yoke gap height c) yoke gap width d) yoke position 1) for the implements driven by
rear PTO shaft
40 85 70
Lowermost position
e) distance between PTO shaft end extension and connection pin axis, mm
110
160
6 Trailing appliance for connection to DH: ) type
Rigid, with tractor drawbar clevis
b) vertical load in hitch point, kN, not more than
25
c) trailing appliance steering angle in horizontal plane, degrees, not less than
d) protective mean type
±60 Safety chain (rope) 2)
e) connection point of protective mean to the tractor
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
1) Recommended. 2) Implement accessories.
Lifting device bore
ATTENTION: IT IS FORBIDDEN TO PUT DH-2V YOKE TO A POSITION WHERE ITS BODY OVERHANGS THE DH SUPPORTING BRACKET END FOR MORE THAN 15 !
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5.4.3 Drawbar hitch DH-V
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Figure 5.4.2 Installation variants scheme of DH-V
Table 5.4 Basic parameters and coupling dimensions of DH-V
Standard size (configuration) 1 Mounting location 2 Design features
DH -3V (yoke) Rear lifting device
Rotational, height adjustable
3 Purpose
For connection and coupling of trailed
implements, including of tractor trailers
equipped with drawbar clevises
4 DH yoke dimensions, mm:
) connecting pin diameter
40
b yoke position 1) for the implements driven Lowermost position as it is shown in
by rear PTO shaft
Figure 5.4.2
c) distance between PTO shaft end exten-
sion and connection pin axis
400
5 Trailing appliance for connection to DH:
) type
Rigid, with tractor drawbar clevis
b) vertical load in hitch point, kN, not more than
20
c) trailing appliance steering angle in horizontal plane, degrees, not less than
d) protective mean type
±60 Safety chain (rope) 2)
e) connection point of a protective mean to
the tractor
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
Lifting device bores
1) Recommended. 2) Implement accessories.
ATTENTION: IT IS FORBIDDEN TO PUT DH-3V YOKE TO A POSITION WHERE ITS BODY OVERHANGS THE DH SUPPORTING BRACKET END FOR MORE THAN 15 !
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5.4.4 Drawbar hitch DH-2R
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Figure 5.4.3 Installation variants scheme of DH -2R
Table 5.5 Basic parameters and coupling dimensions of DH -2R
Standard size (configuration) 1 Mounting location 2 Design features
DH -2R (python) Rear lifting device
Cantilever fitted connection pin, vertically adjustable
3 Purpose
4 Distance between PTO shaft end extension and connection pin axis, mm
For coupling of semitrailed implements, and implements of tractor semitrailer types having also hitch clevis
108
5 Connecting pin diameter, mm
40
6 Vertical load on DH in hitch point, kN, not more than 7 Protective mean type
25 Safety chain (rope) 1)
8 Connection point of a protective mean to the tractor
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1) Implement accessory.
Lifting device bore
ATTENTION: IT IS FORBIDDEN TO PUT THE DEVICE TO A LOWERMOST POSITION, WHERE IT OVERHANGS THE DH SUPPORTING BRACKET END!
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5.4.5 Drawbar hitch DH-1-01
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Figure 5.4.4 Installation variants scheme of DH-1-01
Table 5.6 Basic parameters coupling dimensions of DH -1-01
Standard size (configuration) 1 Variant 2 Mounting location 3 Purpose
4 Design features
5 Distance between PTO shaft end extension and connection pin axis, mm
DH -1-01 (draw bar) First position Second position At the bottom of the rear axis body and rear lifting device For connection and coupling of trailed, semitrailed implements with traveling wheels excluding tractor trailers and semitrailers Drawbar with possibility to change its horizontal position against PTO shaft end butt
400
500
6 Vertical load on DH in hitch point, kN, not more than 7 Trailing appliance steering angle in horizontal plane, degrees, not less than 8 Connecting pin diameter, mm 9 Protective mean type 10 Connection point of a protective mean to the tractor
15
12
±60 30 Safety chain (rope) 1) Lifting device bore
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1) Implement accessory.
ATTENTION: MOUNTING OF COVER PLATE TO DRAWBAR BOTTOM (WITH OVERTURN) TO REDUCE HEIGHT OF YOKE POSITIONING AGAINST SUPPORTING SURFACE IS NOT ALLOWED!
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5.4.6 Drawbar hitch DH -1
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Figure 5.4.5 Installation scheme of DH -1 Table 5.7 Basic parameters coupling dimensions of DH -1
Standard size (configuration) 1 Mounting location
2 Design features
DH -1 (crossbar) On a suspension axis of rear lift linkage Draw crossbar on suspension axis of rear lift linkage
3 Purpose
4 Distance between PTO shaft end extension and connection pin axis, mm 5 Diameter of crossbar holes for connecting pin, mm 6 Vertical load on DH in hitch point, kN, not more than 7 Protective mean type 8 Connection point of a protective mean to the tractor
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1) Implement accessory.
For connection and coupling of trailed, semitrailed and semimounted implements, equipped with towing yokes
668
32,5
3,5 Safety chain (rope) 1)
Lifting device bore
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5.5 Usage patterns of tractor hydraulic system for driving of operated parts and other elements of unitized hydraulically operated machines and units
Hydraulic control system for implements mounted on tractor "BELARUS1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3" provides means for oil extraction for operation of the implements coupled. Meanwhile the following variants are possible:
- oil extraction by unilateral and bidirectional hydraulic cylinders (hereinafter referred to as hydraulic cylinders);
- replenishment of oil volume in a tank caused by flooding of cylinder and fittings chambers shall be assured after trial performance of the hydraulic system of the tractor with an implement;
- oil extraction for hydraulic motors drives (hereinafter referred to as hydromotors). While operating hydraulically operated machines with hydraulic motor its drain pipe must be connected to a special tractor output to ensure free oil drain into the tank bypassing integrated unit.
ATTENTION: FOR ENSURING OF THE REQUIRED ROTATIONAL SPEED OF THE HYDROMOTOR OF THE IMPLEMENTS COUPLED CERTAIN OIL SUPPLY IS NECESSARY. HYDRAULIC FLUID FEEDING ON THE TRACTOR "BELARUS1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3" DEPENDS ON THE ENGINE RPM, THEREFORE IMPLEMENT HYDRAULIC DRIVE MUST BE EQUIPPED WITH ITS OWN FLOW ADJUSTING VALVE!
In case of use of outputs of tractor hydraulic system for maintenance of the implement coupled, it is necessary to ensure the required volume of oil in a tank. Extraction of oil by cylinders of the implement coupled should not exceed 10 liters.
Excessive oil extraction during coupling causes load increase on hydraulic system of a tractor. At long-term use of a hydraulic drive it is necessary to track a temperature range in a hydraulic system.
Level check in a tractor hydraulic tank and its refill shall be carried out with retracted cylinder of the implements coupled. You must not fill in the oil when working attachments of the implement coupled are in raised position as it can result in the tank overflow and blow-out of elements of a hydraulic drive by the excessive oil being displaced from cylinders at the subsequent landing of the working attachments.
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Major characteristics of tractor "BELARUS-1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3" HLL to drive working attachments of other components of the hydraulically operated implements and units coupled are shown in Table 5.8.
Table.5.8 Characteristics of tractor "BELARUS-1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3" hydraulic drive
Parameter Description
1 Paired hydraulic outputs (free)
2 Oil drain line for hydromotors (free drain line)
3 Total oil consumption through hydraulic outputs, l/min
4 Rated minimum diameter of oil pipeline, mm:
- oil pressure pipeline - oil drain pipeline - free-drain
5 Hydraulic system working pressure, MPa 6 Pressure relief cracking pressure, MPa 7 Allowable extraction of hydraulic fluid from a tank, l, not more than 8 Allowable hydrostatic power take-off (GSPTO) kW, not more than 9 Coupling thread of fast-coupling joint sleeves, mm:
- oil pressure pipeline and oil drain pipeline - free-drain oil pipeline
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1) At rated engine rpm
Parameter
Value (characteristic)
Front
Rear
-
Three pairs
-
One item
up to 53 1)
12,0 16,0 25,0 16,0 20-2
10,0
12,0
20u1,5 24u1,5
ATTENTION: INSTALLATION OF ADDITIONAL COMPONENTS AND CHANGE OF HYDRAULIK LIFT LINKAGE PIPELINES ROUTE IS ALLOWED ONLY AFTER CONSULTATION WITH THE PLANT OR THE DEALER!
Note Scheme of connection of hydraulic lift linkage outputs to an external consuming system is shown in Figure 2.16.3.
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5.6. Selection of implements for coupling
5.6.1 General instructions
ATTENTION: IMPLEMENTS OF IDENTICAL APPLICATION BUT OF VARIOUS MANUFACTURERS MAY DIFFER IN COUPLING CHARACTERISTICS, HAVE VARIOUS TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND REGULATIONS. WHEN SELECTING AN IMPLEMENT PAY SPECIAL ATTENTION TO VARIABLE CHARACTERISTICS OF WORKING CONDITIONS OF THE IMPLEMENTS IN FIELD CONDITIONS!
In the operation documentation of the implements not only matters of accurate application of the implements for the purpose specified are considered, but also guidelines about selection and coupling of the tractor implements are made. Anyway the manufacturer (seller) of the implement shall give on your request the information on the minimum basic characteristics of the tractor which shall ensure possibility of the implements coupling.
To make the machine and tractor unit (U) on the basis of a tractor means to define, how many machines and with what performance characteristics are required for coupling with your tractor, what type of hitch should be applied when required, what additional working attachments should be used, what adjustments and customizations should be made, and what gear it should work in. But for this purpose you need to buy implements at first. An order of units assembly based on a tractor, and features of operation are specified in manuals for equipment coupled. In all cases it is necessary to check up conformity according to connecting components, lifting capacity of lift linkages and tires, a permissible load on DH and tractor axles.
Tractors "BELARUS-1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3" work with tilling machine with average resistance of working attachment of 30.0 N. Unit grasp width and processing depth basically depend on unit drafts of soils determining a range of working speeds with regard to agricultural requirements. The more soil is heavy textured, the higher the resistance is. Change of speed by 1 km/h results in unit draft change by 1 ... 2 %.
ATTENTION: IT IS VERY IMPORTANT TO RECEIVE FROM THE MANUFACTURER (SELLER) OF THE IMPLEMENT THE SUFFICIENT INFORMATION ON TRACTOR PERFORMANCE WHICH WILL ENSURE OPERATION OF THE IMPLEMENT. IF SUCH INFORMATION WAS NOT PRESENTED, IT IS RECOMMENDED NOT TO OPERATE (NOT TO BUY) SUCH IMPLEMENT TO AVOID POSSIBLE SERIOUS PROBLEMS DURING OPERATION WHICH MAY RESULT IN TRACTOR FAILURE!
5.6.2 Methods of selection of the implements for coupling There are the following methods of selection of the implements for coupling: - calculating method; - experimental method
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5.6.2.1 Calculating method for selection of implements for coupling If a calculating method is used on the basis of input data and help technical literature, evaluation by corresponding formulas (listed in the reference books), comparison of corresponding performance characteristics of a tractor and an implement, selection of the implements are carried out, and then based on the data received the conclusion about possibility of coupling with tractors "BELARUS-1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3". This method may be recommended for approximate calculations when there is no experimental data or when it is necessary to know immediately approximate structure of the machine and tractor unit. As average values are used at calculations and all features of coupling are not always considered, the unit made in such a way on the basis of a tractor may sometimes appear not efficient and its may require further development in course of operation in field conditions. If a calculating method is used on the basis of reliable data and all power consumption and environment are considered, it is possible to check carefully enough the possibility of coupling of the implements with a tractor. It is recommended to do such operational calculations before purchasing of a new implement.
5.6.2.2 Experimental method for selection of implements for coupling When an experimental method for selection of implements and further composition of units by practical inspection on the basis of the available operation documentation, standardized and reference data, and also by taking into account accumulated experience in the field of units composition directly in the given economy or the enterprise. Reference data for selection of implements for coupling with tractors "BELARUS1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3" is the following: - type and characteristics of processed soil and cultivated crops; - fields sizes and relief; - agrotechnical requirement for work being done (operational speed, agrotechnical clearance, track, tires width, advance direction, operating weight; - coupling method, vertical load on the device attached; - drawbar resistance and power requirements of machine tool; - haulage capacity and tractor power. When coupling of machine and tractor unit it is extremely important to select a right gear which the tractor should work in. Certainly, it is beneficial to work at high speed, with wide grasp of and deep processing by working attachment of the implements mounted. But, unfortunately, it is impossible to increase the speed of movement of the unit simultaneously with enhancement of width and depth. The higher the operating speed, the worse tractive effort of the tractor, hence it is necessary to diminish grasp width and depth of processing, and on the contrary. Do not forget that operating speed and depth of processing of the implements are restricted to agrotechnical requirements! Definition and assessment of possibility of coupling of the implements with tractors "BELARUS-1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3" is made in several steps.
1. First step. Preparation and collection of data Read the operation manual carefully. Determine main technical characteristics and parameters of the tractor: - drawbar category, nominal drawbar power; - engine power; - allowable power of mechanical and hydraulic extraction; - type and coupling dimensions of DH or LL, PTO shaft end extension, hydraulic outputs, appliance receptacles, pneumatic drive of trailer brakes; - mutual bracing of PTO shaft end extension against axis suspension center of LL or connection pin of DH; - speed ranges - admissible track width, - availability of the required operating equipment; - max. permissible weight of the tractor; - gross weight of trailer towed; - axle and tires weight limit.
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Read the operation manual carefully. Determine main technical performance characteristics of the implement: drawbar resistance, power of mechanical (PRS), electrical and hydraulic extraction, coupling dimensions and type (hinge strain of draft pole /or stub pole, connection triangle, PRS end, hydraulic outputs, electrical plug, pneumatic head), mutual bracing of PRS end butt against suspension axle center of conjunction triangle or hinge strain of draft pole /or stub pole, modifiability of PRS end type configuration and direction of PRS end rotation, operation speed ranges, full operating weight with technologic load, availability of brakes, availability of cardan shaft (type, length, availability and type of protection clutch). Consult the seller (manufacturer) as may be required. Require missing data on the implement when required.
2. Second step. Assemblability check Perform assessment of design retrieval of coupling components of tractors (drawbar hitch, tree-point lift-linkages; hydraulic, electrical junctions; pneumatic head; PTO shaft end extension) with corresponding components of the implement including conformance of track and wheels standard sizes with requirements of the carried out work technology, location of PTO shaft, PRS and cardan shaft of the machine, and ability of mounting of automated control for technological process maintenance and control board installation in the cabine from the implement set. Check for availability of the required equipment for the implements coupling at completing units of the tractor: - the required type of drawbar hitch; - pneumatic heads; - appliance receptacles; - the required type of the PTO shaft end extension; - wheel tires of the standard size required for doubling, - front or rear LL, - spacers or wheels doubling mechanism, - coupling hose availability, - fast cutoff clutches availability.
Missing equipment can be purchased additionally. After availability check and additional installation of necessary operating equipment if it is required, compose and prepare MTU taking into account requirements and instructions of the operation documentation on equipment coupled.
When purchasing new implements for tractor it is necessary to specify the required kitting with the corresponding operating equipment appropriate for coupling with tractor "BELARUS-1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3".
For the implements driven from the rear PTO it is necessary to order a cardan shaft of the required length and type according to the coupling dimensions. The implements driven from the rear PTO have technical capability of integration with the reducing gear ensuring the cardan shaft rotation clockwise and counterclockwise. Therefore when purchasing the implement explain to the firm representative the necessity to complete the implement with the reducing gear driven from the cardan shaft with PRS shaft rotating counterclockwise, viewed from the side of the implement drive to the end cardan shaft yoke end.
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3 Third step. Test for vertical stationary load on DH or LL lifting power compliance with the load imposed by the implement with regard to the technological load weight.
Ensure possibility to lift or land the implement coupled by the lift linkage with full operating weight. Note that the load imposed by the implement shall not exceed the LL lifting power values and permissible vertical load on DH specified in the operation manual.
4. Forth step. Test for vertical stationary load on tractor axles including controllability criterion for additional ballasting requirement.
Determine by calculation and an experiment the total weight of the tractor together with the implement, load on tractor axles and maximum permissible load on tires, the required ballast and technological load weight. Tractor weight in structure of MTU imposed on the tractor axis shall not exceed the permitted values. In any case the load on the front and rear axles shall not exceed the maximum permitted accumulated lifting power of the tires corresponding to the permitted accumulated lifting power of rear and front wheels.
5. Fifth step. Test for possibility to driving the tractor coupled with the implement including inspection of steering angle degree and maximum LL lifting hight until the implement components abut against the tractor components, length sufficiency and the cardan shaft working clearance zones on turn and transfer into the transport position
6. Sixth step. Assessment of accordance of tractor energy capacity and the implement demand (drawbar resistance, power consumption including via the PTO shaft).
It can be assessed by calculation if the reference data is available or according to the test report.
7. Seventh step. Test for possibility to operate the implement coupled with the tractor.
Carry out a trial coupling for performance of the technological operations according to the implement purpose with indispensable observance of the safety requirements.
8. Eighth step. Check for road passing ability, aslope static stability, breaks efficiency in local conditions:
- ability to cross ups and downs with the implement mounted with process material; - ability to move on a slope ground. Assess the road clearance and tractor controllability in structure of the assembly unit. Front wheels of the tractor shall not be detached from the road surface when the tractor is moving. In any case of application the load on the front tractor axis shall be at least 20% of the load of its own operating weight.
9. Ninth step. Carrying out of control shifts for the purpose of determination of operational and technical data:
- labor coefficient for composition of MTU; - average operation speed; - productivity per one hour of basic (shift and exploitation) time; - activity consumption quantity for the control period of time; - fuel flow per hour (specific).
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5.7 Test of correctness of composition of the machine and tractor unit
It is not recommended to allow tractor operation with the implements coupled both with
over and underload. In the first instance wear and tear of tractor parts, and excess fuel flow
will be increased, and productivity of the units will be decreased, in the second instance de-
crease in economic indicators and particularly in productivity, and increase of fuel consump-
tion. Therefore the operator shall first of all ensure that the unit is composed correctly and its
recommended driving speed is optimal.
In course of the tractor operation two basic speed modes operating and optional -
are used.
The operating mode is basic. Change of operating speed influences the quality of
technological process performance according to agrotechnical requirements. In the imple-
ments operation manuals operation speed tolerance ranges are specified for each individ-
ual implement model. Any change of operating driving speed of the tractor with the imple-
ment coupled, including operative maneuvering at working operation, is allowed only within
the limits determined by agrotechnical requirements. Usually reference operation speed
within the given limits is established in combination with width of cut and depth of process-
ing (planting) of the implement.
The optional mode is defined by the tractor driving speed with the implement coupled on
the nearest transportation facilities (at idle speed on turns and crossings) with working attach-
ments disengaged. Speed mode of the tractor with the implement on the nearest transportation
facilities is limited by safety requirements mostly. As a result of relatively short duration of turns,
necessity to comply with instructions on traveling speed limitation during crossing from one field
to the other, relative tractor traveling speed at idle speed is often close to the operating speed.
In case the implement for coupling is determined the only thing to do is to determine
operating speed and the corresponding gear.
Operating speed of the tractors during their operation in the field is first of all limited
by the performance quality. Besides as for traction machine the operating speed is limited
by drawbar features of the tractor, and as for the drawbar-driven units the operating speed
is limited by permissible PTO shaft, hydraulic extraction power, and capacity of the imple-
ments.
The
main
condition
for
optimal
tractors
"BELARUS-
1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3" coupling is proper use of the engine power defined by
loading factor indicating the degree of the tractor rated engine power use required for
technological processes by the implements coupled. For each group of agricultural tasks
there are approximate values of degree of utilization of engine rated brake power. Average
reserve power shall make 10-15 % of the engine rated power.
Adequately chosen tractor operating mode means such coupling of the tractor subject to
all guidelines and operation limitations at which not only task performance in compliance with
agrotechnical requirements for the tasks performed the engine load mode, the unit speed con-
trol, permissible slipping mode, but also all the instructions on safe tractor operation (speed
choice, mode of loading) are complied with.
The engine load efficiency can be changed by reducing or increasing in number of im-
plements, alteration of grasp width, depth of processing, and driving speed in coarse of the unit
working operation. If due to change of number of the implements and operation speed the rea-
sonable engine load is impossible then in order to save the fuel you have to choose the appro-
priate fragmentary operating mode by throttling down the fuel.
The engine load efficiency is determined by crankshaft rotation speed. Operation
shall be carried out at a bit faster crankshaft rotation speed than the nominal speed (indi-
cated in tachospeedometer). If the operating speed is more than the required speed then
the lower gear shall be actuated.
Permissible slipping mode for tractors "BELARUS-1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3"
makes 16 %. Assembly of MTU and choice of speed mode within the limits of permissible slip-
ping. Excessive slipping of tractor driving machine results in destruction of soil structural particles
with subsequent development of wind erosion and water erosion processes.
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2022.3-0000010 OM 5.8 Selection of ploughs Matching of share plough is carried out with regard to the permissible range of drawbar powers generated by the tractors "BELARUS-1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3" in stubble field within the range from 27 to 36 kN. Tilling is the most power-consuming type of the activities. According to the traction indexes of the tractor "BELARUS-1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3" in the original configuration can be coupled with seven-bodied share plough with overall grasp width from 30 to 40 cm and processing width from 15 to 22 cm on well-moistured soils of average density. Plough type and grasp width (number of shells) depends on the soil, its mechanical composition, stone infestation of soil, tilling depth. Power of about 15-20 kW is needed per one plough shell on the soils of average density with processing depth up to 20 cm and grasp width 35 cm. To achieve flat breaking reversible or turning ploughs are used ensuring unilateral soil overturning. Despite of plough design variety there are general principles and procedures of their preparation to operate with the tractor: Plough design is determined according to the drawbar power range generated by the tractor, and with regard to soil type and processing depth. It is recommended to carry out inspection of the plough working attachments arrangement and adjustment on specially equipped representative area with hard surface and markings corresponding to the regular layout of the working attachments. In the field conditions only testing having applied string or long direct staff will be enough. If plough share blades are located in different height and plough body are in different plains then the plough will move unstable and drawbar power and fuel consumption will increase.
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5.9 Power take-off shaft ends
Shaft ends drives (Figure 5.9.1) of the front and rear power take-off shafts (FPTO and RPTO) of the tractors "BELARUS-1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3" correspond in design and arrangement to regulatory document and standards covering power take-off shafts of the agricultural tractors. Shaft ends parameters and FPTO shaft and RPTO drives specifications are shown in Table 5.9
Front PTO shaft, which is installed against order in BELARUS-2022.3/2022.3 is packaged with PTO shaft end extension of type 2.
The rear PTO shaft is packaged with PTO shaft end extension of type 3 (mounted on tractor when it is delivered). Changing shaft ends of RPTO of type 1 and 2 shall be put into the SPTA kit of the tractor.
ATTENTION: APPLICATION OF THE CORRESPONDING SHAFT ENDS DURING COUPLING OF TRACTOR "BELARUS-1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3" WITH IMPLEMENTS DESIGNED FOR TRANSMITTING POWER EXCEEDING THE VALUE SPECIFIED IN THE TABLE 5.9 IS NOT ALLOWED!
Figure 5.9.1 Power take-off shaft end
Table 5.9
FPTO shaft and RPTO shaft
end extensions and drives parameters
Type11)
Power take-off shaft end type Type1 Type2 Type Type21) Type211)
1 Splines lengths L, mm
76
78
64
89
78
76
2 External diameter DH, mm
35
38
35
45
38
35
3 Spline quantity, n
6
8
21
20
8
6
4 Rear PTO shaft end extension rotation frequency, rpm (standard mode), 3)
540 (590) 2)
540 1000 1000 1000 1000 (590) 2) (1100) 2) (1100) 2) (1100) 2) (1100) 2)
5 Rear PTO shaft end extension rotation frequency, rpm (economy mode 3))
540 (770) 2)
540 1000 1000 1000 1000 (770) 2) (1460) 2) (1460) 2) (1460) 2) (1460) 2)
6 Power transmitted by RPTO
shaft end extension, kW, not 60
60
92
130 92
92
more than 4)
7 Type of drive
Independent drive
8 Direction of PTO shaft end
extension rotation (see the
butt)
_________________________________________________________________________________________
1) Package against order
Clockwise
2) PTO shaft end extension rotation frequency when the rated frequency of the
engine crankshaft is 2100 rpm.
3) For BELARUS-2022.3/2022.3 tractors
4) For front PTO shaft at 2050 rpm of the engine crankshaft 1000 (1025 rpm
when the rated frequency of the engine crankshaft) the power transmitted by the front
PTO shaft end extension, kW, not exceeding 44 kW
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2022.3-0000010 OM 5.10 Determination of PTO shaft and cardan shaft applicability Critical parameters for determination of possibility of application of rear or front PTO shaft of the tractor, and cardan shaft and safety clutch performances also in the course of the implements selection for coupling with the tractor are the following: coupling method; distance from a connection point to PTO shaft end butt and PRS shaft end; PTO shaft rotational speed, PRS torque and power consumption of the implement.
Figure 5.10.1 Nomographic chart for torque test on PRS Manufacturers of the implements with active working attachments designed for tillage and grass cutting (rotary tooling, mulchers, mowing machines and other implements) usually present data on the implement coupling method, PRS rotation speed, gear transmission ratio of the implement mechanical drive, minimum take-off value and maximum required tractor horsepower ensuring the implement operation.
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For the purpose of torque test on PRS and in case you know PTO shaft rotation speed and PRS takeoff power nomographic chart (Figure 5.10.1) or the following formula can be used:
where M is torque, Nm; P is PRS takeoff power, kW; n is PTO shaft rotation speed, rpm.
ATTENTION: NOMINAL ROTATION SPEED OF PRS END OF THE IMPLEMENT COUPLED SHALL NOT EXCEED 1000 RPM!
If there is a need to specify the PRS rotation speed or rotation speed of working attachments for the implements coupled the following formula can be used:
npic = uns where npic is PRS rotation speed, min-1; ns is working attachments rotation speed, min-1; u is gear transmission ratio of the implement drive. To avoid failures of PTO shaft and PRS in several implements with active working attachments (tilling rotary implements, combine harvester, mowers, cattle-feeders, pickup balers and etc.) mechanical safety clutches are used. Functional purpose of the safety clutch is automated gear deactivation or limitation of the torque value transmitted from the PTO shaft to PRS under overloads caused by large starting moment, overload of (locks) the working attachments and loads fluctuations on the PRS drive. Response time of the implement cardan shaft safety clutch can be by the following formula:
= k·1PTO
where PTO is maximum permissible PTO shaft torque, Nm; is response time of the safety clutch, after which the implement shall not operate, Nm; 1 is nominal operating torque, permissible for the implement drive in the specified operating conditions, Nm; k = 1.25...1.5 is design factor (smaller values are taken for low-duty conditions and the bigger ones for heavy conditions).
ATTENTION: THE IMPLEMENT COUPLED SAFETY CLUTCH RESPONSE TIME SHALL EXCEED THE NOMINAL OPERATING TORQUE ACTING FOR A LONG TIME IN THE IMPLEMENT DRIVE, BUT BE ALWAYS EQUAL TO OR LESS THAN THE MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE PTO SHAFT TORQUE! IF THE IMPLEMENT SAFETY CLUTCH RESPONSE TIME EXCEEDS THE PERMISSIBLE PTO SHAFT TORQUE SUCH IMPLEMENT MUST NOT BE COUPLED WITH THE TRACTOR.
Among safety clutches there are cam clutch, frictional clutch, disk clutch, they can be subdivided to two basic types with destructible and indestructible working components. Clutches with a destructible component are used as unlikely overload control device.
ATTENTION: IT IS NOT RECOMMENDED TO USE CARDAN SHAFTS WITH SAFETY CLUTCHES WITH A DESTRUCTIBLE COMPONENT FOR IMPLEMENTS COUPLING WITH TRACTORS "BELARUS-1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3"!
In several implements freewheeling clutches are used. The freewheeling clutches (sprag clutches) are automatically closed if the rotating direction is straight, and are unclosed if the rotating direction is opposite. The freewheeling clutches ensure operation of the implements with the increased inertia moment of the implement rotating masses to prevent it from the drive failure when the PTO shaft is switched off.
There are also combination safety clutches. A combination safety clutch is the safety clutch which is structurally combined with a clutch of other type, for example with a freewheeling clutch.
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2022.3-0000010 OM ATTENTION: MANUFACTURER OF THE IMPLEMENT CARDAN-DRIVEN FROM THE TRACTOR PTO SHAFT SHALL INFORM YOU IN ADVANCE ABOUT THE NECESSITY OF APPLICATION OF A SAFETY CLUTCH, CLUTCH DESIGN FEATURES AND CONSEQUENSES OF THE IMPLEMENTS APPLICATIONS WITHOUT THE SAFETY CLUTCH! When you need to decide on the purchase or operation of the cardan shaft follow the implements and cardan shaft manufacturers' guidelines first of all. It is recommended to apply with the tractor the implements with active working attachments where the length between the articulations of the fully off-set cardan shaft does not exceed 1 m.. When coupling the implements with RLL or FLL (Figure 5.10.2), the length of the cardan shaft is determined by distance L (fully off-set cardan shaft) with the lower links placed horizontally. Shaft extension occurs when the implement is lifted therefore in up position it is necessary to check overlapping of extensible components. In joint of the cardan shaft large angularity appears in transport position of the implement when the tractor PTO shaft is disabled. Cardan joints are not large and equal to each other in operating position, and usually L1=L2 is assured. Therefore in this case an extensible cardan shaft with gimbal joint with guard housing can be used.
Figure 5.10.2 Cardan shaft length finding scheme in course of the tractor coupling with the implements connected via RLL and FLL
In course of the implements coupling via DH-1-01, DH -1 or DH-3V (Figure 5.10.3), where PTO shaft and PRS axles are parallel and not shifted relative to each other in foreand-aft plane (right and left), distances A and B from the connection point to PTO shaft and to PRS are approximately equal, and maximum length of cardan shaft L is determined when the implement turns around maximum angle turn relative to the tractor, an extensible cardan shaft with gimbal joint with guard housing can be used.
Figure 5.10.3 Cardan shaft length finding scheme in course of the implements coupling via DH-1-01, DH -1 or DH-3V
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In course of the implements coupling via DH-2V, DH-2 or DH-2R (Figure 5.10.4), when distance equality from the implement connection point to PTO shaft and PRS is not maintained, PTO shaft and PRS axles are shifted relative to each other in fore-and-aft plane (right and left) when the implement turns the cardan shaft length is varied lengthwise, an extensible cardan shaft with gimbal joint and constant-velocity universal joint with guard housing shall be used. Meanwhile the constant-velocity universal joint shall be located on the part of PTO shaft.
Figure 5.10.4 Shaft length finding scheme in course of the tractor coupling with the implements connected via DH-2V, DH-2 or DH-2R.
5.11 Features of application of PTO shafts and cardan shafts WARNING: BE CAREFUL WHEN PTO SHAFT IS ACTIVATED AND THE CARDAN SHAFT OF THE IMPLEMENT COUPLED IS ROTATING. IN CASE THERE ARE PEOPLE IN AREA OF OPERATION OF PTO SHAFT THEY OR THEIR CLOTH CAN BE CLAMPED BETWEEN THE IMPLEMENT ROTATING PARTS AND OTHER MOVING MACHINERY, THAT CAN RESULT IN PERMANENT INJURY INCLUDING WITH FATAL OUTCOME, THEREFORE BEFORE STARTING THE PTO SHAFT ENSURE THERE IS NO PEOPLE IN DANGEROUS AREA BETWEEN THE TRACTOR AND THE IMPLEMENT. WORKS ASSOSIATED WITH MAINTENANCE SERVICES (ADJUSTMENT, GREASING AND ETC.), MOUNTING AND DISMOUNTING OF THE CARDAN SHAFT SHALL BE CARRIED OUT WHEN THE TRACTOR PTO SHAFT AND ENGINE ARE DISABLED. BEFORE STARTING THE CARDAN SHAFT MOUNTING, STOP THE ENGINE, GET THE IGNITION KEY OUT OF STARTER SWITCH AND THE DEVICES, AND SET THE PARKING BRAKE! ATTENTION: TRACTOR MANUFACTURER SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR THE IMPLEMENTS COUPLED CARDAN SHAFTS FAILURES. CARDAN SHAFTS SPECIFICATIONS AND DESIGN ARE IN SPHERE OF RESPONSIBILITY OF THE IMPLEMENTS AND CARDAN SHAFT MANUFACTURERS! ATTENTION: CARDAN SHAFT OF IMPLEMENT COUPLED MUST ENSURE TRANSFER OF RATED-LOAD TORQUE WHEN ROTATION FREQUENCY IS NOT LESS THAN 540 RPM OR 1000 RPM, DEPENDING ON THE SET MODE! ATTENTION: DO NOT USE THE CARDAN SHAFTS WITHOUT THE APPROPRIATE PROTECTIVE DEVICES AND IF THEY ARE SELF-MANUFACTURED OR DAMAGED! ATTENTION: BE CAREFUL WHEN COUPLING OF THE IMPLEMENTS WITH THE CARDAN DRIVE: DEFLECTION ANGLES OF THE CARDAN SHAFT ARE LIMITED BY THE TRACTOR STRACTURAL COMPONENTS, FOR EXAMPLE, BY LIFTING DEVICE GUIDING RODS OR TRACTOR WHEELS. DUE TO MUTUAL TOUCH-DOWN OF THE CARDAN SHAFT AND OTHER STRACTURAL COMPONENTS, SOME BREACKAGE OF THE IMPLEMENT TRAILING APPLIANCE CAN OCCURE OR, FOR EXAMPLE, TRACTOR TIRES OR THE CARDAN SHAFT DAMAGE!
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ATTENTION: WHEN THE IMPLEMENT IS OPERATED WITH THE CARDAN SHAFT THERE IS A HAZARD OF PROCESS MATERIAL OR THE IMPLEMENT COMPONENTS RELEASE, THEREFORE IT IS NESESSARY TO OBSERVE SAFE DISTANCE!
When the implement cardan shaft is coupled to the PTO shaft end extension the following rules and requirements shall be observed:
1. Check the engaged PTO shaft speed mode ("540" or "1000") for compliance according to tractor PTO shaft end extension type and implement PRS installed;
2. Before engagement detach the cardan shaft into two parts. 3. Inspect the cardan shaft, PTO shaft and PRS for absence of mechanical damage and for completeness of the set. Clear the PTO shaft end extensions of dirt when needed, and lubricate it according to the lubrication chart, specified in the implement operation manual. 4. The cardan shaft part having the icon of "Tractor" on it, shall be coupled to the PTO shaft end extension, and the second part to the implement PRS accordingly. Do not forget to fasten contactor splined bushings on the PTO and PRS shaft ends properly: fastening method shall be specified by the cardan shaft manufacturer. 5. The implement cardan shaft end yoke from the side of PTO shaft and PRS shall be in the same plane as indicated in Figure 5.11.1.
Figure 5.11.1 Cardan shaft mounting scheme 6. Safety clutch, as indicated in Figure 5.11.2, shall be installed only from the side of PRS of the drive of the implement coupled, other method of mounting will not ensure the excess of timely protection of the tractor PTO shaft from the maximum permissible torque. After lengthy downtime check the implement safety clutch technical condition.
Figure 5.11.2 Safety clutch mounting scheme 7. Mounting of the cardan shaft with guard housing together with PTO shaft and PRS protective devices, with retaining chains both from the side of the PTO shaft and of the PRS, as indicated in Figure 5.11.3, ensures cardan joint safety.
Figure 5.11.3 Safety cardan shaft mounting scheme
8. When the cardan shaft is used for the first time it is necessary to check the cardan shaft length, and to adjust it to the operating conditions with tractors "BELARUS1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3" when needed. For more detailed guidelines on cardan shafts see the technical documentation enclosed. Contact the cardan shaft manufacturer when needed.
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9. The length of the cardan shaft maximum extended (which is permitted for operation) shall be of such type when the one part of the cardan shaft enters another for not less than L2=150 mm. If the value is below L2=150 mm (Figure 5.11.4, view ) the cardan shaft must not be operated. Sufficiency of overlapping L2 can be checked by rotation or lifting of the implement coupled.
Figure 5.11.4 Choice of the cardan shaft length
10. If the tractor and the implement coupled are positioned linearly when the cardan shaft is pushed in full, check if there is a sufficient clearance L1 (Figure 5.11.4, view C) between tube face and universal joint yoke end butt. Minimum permissible clearance L1 shall make not less than 50 mm
11. After the cardan shaft coupling regularize all the protective devices, meanwhile fix the guard shaft housing from rotation with the chains as indicated in Figure 5.11.3.
12. Limit the RLL or FLL lifting to the uppermost position along with the implement lifting when needed. It is essential for slope angle decrease, for exclusion of possibility of contact and damage of the cardan shaft, and for providing of safety clearance between the tractor and the implement.
13. Maximum permissible slope angles and steering angle (Figure 5.11.5) of the cardan shaft hinged joints are shown in Table 5.10.
Figure 5.11.5 Maximum permissible slope angles and steering angle of the cardan shaft hinged joints
Table 5.10 Tractor power take-off shaft position
Maximum permissible slope angles (steering angle) max1) , in degrees
Cardan shaft hinged joints type
Universal
Equivalent angular rates
"On" position:
- under load
20
25
- no-load 2)
50
50
" Off" position 3)
50
50
_________________________________
1) Other variations are possible (see the cardan shafts and the implements manufacturers' documentation).
2) In the short run, for the PTO shaft operated with no load. 3) For the implements transport position when the PTO shaft is disabled.
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14. In case of mounted and semimounted implements operation with the cardan drive, block the lower links of the lift linkage.
15. After the cardan shaft dismounting it is necessary to put guard hoods on the PTO shaft end extensions and PRS!
16. After the PTO shaft is disabled consider the hazard of the cardan shaft and individual mechanisms of the implement coupled coasting. Therefore the dangerous area between the tractor and the implement can be entered only after the PTO shaft is completely despinned!
17. Check for operation of the implement with the cardan shaft mounted to the PTO shaft and PRS at the minimum and maximum rpm of the tractor engine shaft.
18. At transporting of the tractor with the trailed, semitrailed and semimounted implements for considerable distances, including from one field to another, disconnect the cardan shaft from the tractor and from the implement
19. Maintenance, cleaning and repair services of the implement with the cardan drive coupled to the tractor shall be carried out only when the PTO shaft and the tractor engine are disabled.
The PTO shaft shall be disabled in the following cases: - after the tractor has been stopped, but only after the implement coupled has come full duty cycle; - on turns, when the implement is lifted to the transport position; - when moving on the sharp climb and sharp descent.
Do not engage PTO shaft in the following cases: - when the tractor engine is disengaged; - the implement coupled to the tractor is in transport position; - when the working attachments are sunken into the soil; - if a process material overlays the implement working attachments or if the working attachments are clogged or wedged; - if the slope angle (refraction angle) in any plane of cardan shaft hinged joint is a considerable.
During operation of the rotation tilling machine with the active working attachments comply with the following guidelines:
- do not engage the PTO shaft when the implement is grounded. The PTO shaft shall be engaged only when the ready-to operate implement is lowered down with the working attachments staying off the ground with clearance making not less than 20...35 mm;
- lowering down of the implement with rotating working attachments shall be carried out in a smooth manner when the tractor is moving forward;
- prevent the tractor from moving in the direction not corresponding to the implement working travel during operation, when the working attachments are sunken with engaged and disengaged PTO shaft;
- during operation on strong soils at first carry out processing of cross ranges for moving in the disclosure, and than the lengthwise tillage can be started;
- it is recommended to work at minimum processing depth, required for the specific crop. It is necessary for load on the tractor PTO shaft reduction and reduction of fuel consumption during the tractor operation. Particularly it is important to consider it at the tractor operation with multiple-purpose tilt-plant units.
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5.12 Ways of changing of drawbar features and passing ability of the tractors
5.12.1 General information
Most of the technical processes in agricultural industry are carried out by tractors "BELARUS -1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3" in running order by the direct drafting of the implements and instrument due to the adhesion of pneumatic tyres with surface. Estimated figures of the towing performance are drawbar power at operation range speeds, rated drawbar power at standard operating weight, and permissible sliding.
Tractive effort generated on a tyre rim is directly proportional to the tractor adhesive weight. Therefore in certain conditions drawbar indexes and passing ability increases together with increase of the tractor operating weight.
Tractors "BELARUS - 1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3" are designed for operation with definite values of weight loads on the tractor body and chassis. Compliance with the recommendations on additional ballasting according to operational environment ensures safe and proper operation without extreme loads on the tractor through not less than the specified service life.
Tire capacity depending on tires standard size and internal pressure practically serves as the limit of adhesive weight increase. The manufacturer shall specify the permissible maximum loads on the two-speed drive axles at the maximum traveling speed.
Note Pneumatic pressure rates for the front and rear tires of the tractors "BELARUS -1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3" under the actual load are shown in subsection 4.2.8 "Selection of the optimal inflation pressure of tire depending on operating environment and load on the tractor axles, and depending on tires operation rules".
Drawbar features and passing ability of the tractor "BELARUS 1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3" in the specific operating environment depend on the following factors:
- tractor adhesive weight and ballast used in a specific set; - tractor, ballast and implement weight distribution along the axles in structure of the unit; - standard size and pressure of the tires used; - technical condition and operability of the tractor chassis; - adequate and timely application of recommendations of the manufacturing works on improvement of the tractor drawbar features; - status and features of the supporting surface; - wheels tires adhesion to the supporting surface coefficient. A distinction is made between flotation and cross-section passing ability of an agricultural tractor. Basic flotation defines possibility to move on soils with various structure and firmness: usually in road conditions in the early spring or in the autumn, on peat-bog soils, a snowy virgin soil. Cross-sectional passing ability defines possibility of the tractor movement according to a vertical road clearance and fordable depth.
Agricultural tractors application is limited by terrain relief described by slope and configuration of the field cuts, and their altitude. The field cut height influence coefficients are the atmosphere pressure and the ambient temperature. Engine power is decreased by 1.0% per each 100.0 m of height exceeding sea level and the fuel consumption is increased quite as much.
Tractors «BELARUS-1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3» are designed primary for flat conditions and restrictedly for terrain with significant slope gradient and altitude.
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Drawbar features and flotation of the agricultural tractors depend not only on their features and technical condition, but on the type and state of the soil in the field cut. The tractor power is decreased significantly in soils prepared for seeding, as compared with the same values on stubble fields of average humidity.
Change in the passing ability parameter and in drawbar features of the tractor "BELARUS-1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3" by virtue of increase in operating weight within tolerable limits, is the most effective in circumstances where the deeper is the track the bigger is the soil supporting capacity. For example, when the tractor weight is increased due to additional ballasting, the draft power of the tractor on winter stubble field, on mineral soils is also increased by 8.8...28.3 % depending on the soil moisture.
Qualification and experience of the tractor operator are of great significance for providing of possibility to move in the field with variable physical and mechanical composition, or in road sections with variable relief or when the weather conditions are changed.
As a rule, on the peat-bog soils the soil supporting capacity declines with depth increasing. It can be seen in perennial grasses mattal, winter stubble field and in sites with high level of ground waters. In this conditions when the tractor operating weight is increased by ballasting and additional loading of the implement coupled, depth of the track, rolling and slipping resistance escalates sharply, that is drawbar features are reduced along with the track deepening.
5.12.2 Ways of changing of drawbar features and passing ability of the tractors Drawbar features of the tractor "BELARUS-1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3" can be changed as follows: - increase in adhesive weight of the tractor; - increase in tire traction to the ground.
Increase in adhesive weight of the tractor can be achieved by virtue of: - application of hinge-mounted quick-detachable ballast; - filling up the tires with water (solution);
Increase in tire traction to the ground can be achieved by virtue of: - selection of optimal tire pressure depending on the operation conditions and load on the tractor axles; - application of the rear axis differential blocking; - wheels doubling.
5.12.3 Application of hinge-mounted quick-detachable ballast Hinge-mounted quick-detachable factory-made ballast weights are usually used for additional loading of the front driving axis and for providing of adequate tractor weight distribution during operation with various agricultural implements.
5.12.4 Filling up the tires with water (solution) for the purpose of adhesive weight increasing
Filling up the tires with water (solution) is carried out for the purpose of adhesive weight increasing (increase in the tractor drawbar power).
ATTENTION: HOWEVER THE LOADING OF A TIRE SHAL BE DECREASED ACCORDING TO THE FIILED IN WATER!
ATTENTION: IN CONDITIONS OF SATISFACTORY AND SUFFICIENT TIRE TRACTION TO THE GROUND, FILLING UP THE TIRES WITH LIQUID IS NOT RECOMMENDED BECAUSE OF THE TRANSMISSION OVERLOAD!
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ATTENTION: ADDITIONAL WHEELS LOADING BY FILLING TIRES UP WITH WATER (SOLUTION) SHALL BE USED ONLY IN CASE WHEN THE TIRE TRACTION TO THE GROUND IS POOR IN ADVERSE CONDITIONS (ON SANDY, WATERLOGGED SOILS ETC.). TIRES FILLED UP WITH LIQUID IMPAIR THE TRACTOR TRAVELLING COMFORT AT A SPEED EXCEEDIND 20 KM/H, AND IN CASE IF THE TIRE RUNS INTO ANY OBSTACLE, CARCASS BREAK CAN HAPPEN!
ATTENTION: YOU MUST NOT FILL IN THE TIRES WITH WATER (SOLUTION) FOR MORE THEN 75% OF THEIR VOLUME AS OVERSIZE AMOUNT OF LIQUID CAN RESULT IN TIRES BREAK-DOWN!
If water (solution) is used in front or rear tires, tire stiffness, track depth and firming of soil is improved. If it is essential to use water (solution), it is recommended to fill in all tires up to equal levels not exceeding 40%.
Water (solution) volume per one tire for 40% and 75% fillup is shown in Table 5.11.
ATTENTION: FILLING IN THE TIRES WITH WATER (SOLUTION FOR MORE THAN 40% SHALL BE APPLIED AS AN ULTIMATE ALTERNATIVE!
Table 5.11 Water (solution) volume per one tire
Tire
Water (solution) volume, l Water volume (solution), l
(at 75% fillup)
(at 40% fillup)
11.2R24
75
40
420/70R24
183
97
480/65R24
205
109
580/70R42
507
270
11.2R42
135
72
In cool spell, when the temperature is below plus 5º , to avoid water freezing risk it is necessary to make solution by means of adding calcium chloride into the water according to Table 5.12.
Table 5.12 Calcium chloride volume is necessary for production of solution needed for filling in the tires when the ambient temperature is below plus 5º .
Ambient temperature From plus 5º to minus 15º From minus 15º to minus 25º From minus 25º to minus 35º
Calcium chloride volume, gram per liter of water 200,0
300,0
435,0
WARNING: MAKING THE SOLUTION OF LIQUID BALLAST YOU SHOULD ALWAYS ADD CALCIUM CHLORIDE INTO THE WATER AND MIX UNTILL THE CALCIUM CHLORIDE IS DISSOLVED! NEVER ADD WATER INTO THE CALCIUM CHLORIDE! MAKING THE SOLUTION, WEAR PROTECTIVE GLASSES! IN CASE THE SOLUTION CONTACT WITH EYES, RINSE WITH PURE COLD WATER DURING FIVE MINUTES! SEEK MEDICAL HELP AS SOON AS POSSIBLE!
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2022.3-0000010 OM 5.12.5 Procedure of filling with water or water solution Filling in of the liquid shall be carried out in the following order: - jack the tractor; - round the wheel 2 (Figure 5.12.1) in such way that the vent 1 is in the above position; - screw out the spool and insert in its place a compound "air-water" vent 2 (Figure 5.12.2), through which simultaneous filling in with water (solution) and tire venting is carried out; - perform filling in with water (solution); - after filling in, withdraw the compound vent and screw in the spool, meanwhile adjust pressure to the standard tire operating pressure. ATTENTION: WATER (SOLUTION)-FILLED TIRES PRESSURE SHALL BE CHECKED ONLY WHEN THE VENT IN THE ABOVE POSITION OTHERWISE THE WATER ENTERING THE TIRE PRESSURE GAUGE CAN RESULT IN PRESSURE GAUGE FAILURE! ATTENTION: FILL IN LIQUID ONLY INTO THE INNER TIRES OF THE DOUBLED WHEELS AND FOR NOT MORE THAN 40% OF THE TIRE VOLUME!
1 vent; 2 wheel. Figure 5.12.1 Position of the wheel during filling up of the liquid
1 tire; 2 compound "air-water" vent Figure 5.12.2 Liquid filling-up scheme 5.12.6 Order of partial water or water solution drain from the wheels tires For partial liquid drain the following shall be carried out: - unload the wheel with liquid jack the wheel in order it not to touch the ground; - set the wheel in such a way that the vent is in the bottom; - screw out the spool and drain the water or non-freezing solution up to the level of vent positioned at the bottom.
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5.12.7 Order of full water or water solution drain from the wheels tires For full liquid drain dismount the wheel from the tractor and perform the following: - deflate the tire and drain the liquid; - unbend both tire beads from rim seats into its cave from the side opposite to vent positioning; - insert two installation shoulder blades between a tire bead and a rim from the side of the vent at approx. 100 mm to be from it; - pull over through a rim edge a part of the rim bead at first and than the bead in full; - withdraw the vent from the opening of the rim in a way ensuring the tube is undamaged and the vent is not torn off; - remove the tube from the tire; - drain the water from the tire, twirling it with hands; - then, perform the tire mounting on the wheel rim in compliance with assembly rules and with the required safety measures; - remove the cap and pump up a tire with air to achieve to normal pressure according to the provisions of subsection 4.2.8 "Choice of the tires optimal internal pressure according to the operating conditions, load on the tractor axles, and instructions for tire use"; - put the vent cap on and fix the wheel on the tractor.
5.12.8 Selection of the tires internal pressure Internal air pressure in the tractor wheels tires depends on their design, number of cord plies, permissible vertical load on a wheel and permissible driving speed according to the manufacturer instructions. In case the operating conditions have been changed, adjust the tire pressure. Maintenance of the adequate internal pressure in the tires effects significantly drawbar features, passing ability and tire life. Internal tire pressure reduction promotes extension of contact area on the tire with ground, reduction of the tractor ground pressure, and improvement of drawbar features. Therefore when the tractor is operated on mellow soils with low supporting capacity it is recommended to reduce tire pressure up to the minimum value permissible for such load. Noncompliance with pressure norm reduces significantly tires life. Use of tire standard sizes unspecified by the manufacturer, operation of the chassis with overload caused by excess of the tires and tractor axles maximum bearing capacity (at given pressure and speed) can result in failure and damage not only to the chassis (a tire carcass break, etc.,), but also to other tractor units, or can cause an accident and the overall tractor operating life reduction. Check the tires pressure and an adjust it if necessary with regard to specific load and selected driving speed, loads and speeds! Permissible loads on the tractors tires and internal air pressure values corresponding to them depending on the driving speed are specified in 4.2.8 "Choice of the tires optimal internal pressure according to the operating conditions, load on the tractor axles, and instructions for tire use". In the specified case of the tractor application, exact amount of load fallen on the front and rear wheels shall be determined by practical weighing of the tractor with the implement coupled. Load per one independently taken wheel shall be determined by halving of load amount, fallen within the front and rear tractor axis accordingly. Then on the basis of the received load amount and driving speed the required pressure is selected.
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Change of rated loading per tire depending on the speed is applied in cases when the tire is not operated for a long time with high torque on the driving wheels. At field works and other conditions of continuous operation under high torque you should use figures corresponding to the speed of 30 km/h. Tire pressure in excess of 0.16 MPa and under 0.09 MPa shall better not be used.
5.12.9 Application of rear axle differential blocking The tractor rear axle differential provide means for driving wheels rotation with different rate that is necessary for moving along the curvilinear trajectory and along the rough road, when right and left rear driving wheels travel over different distance for the same time period. The disadvantage of the differential is that it distributes the torque on the wheels in inverse proportion to gripping abilities of the wheels. If one of the wheels gets in the area with a low gripping ratio (to ice, for instance) it will skid, rotating with a higher speed whereby the second wheel will rotate slowly. The tractor will move with a low speed. To eliminate this drawback there is differential blocking (prevention from running) in an automatic and positive modes. Tractor operation with differential blocked on a firm and dry surface results in increased loads of transmission components and chassis, and impedes maneuvering.
THE TRACTOR MUST NOT BE OPERATED WITH REAR AXLE DIFFERENTIAL BLOCKING ENGAGED WHEN THE DRIVING SPEED IS IN EXCESS OF 13 KM/H!
THE TRACTOR MUST NOT BE OPERATED IN TRANSPORT POSITION ON THE HARD-SURFACE ROADS WITH CONSTANTLY ENGAGED REAR AXIS DIFFERENTIAL BLOCKING!
5.12.10 Doubling of wheels To improve the passing ability and drawbar features during operation on boggy areas on mellow soils (on waterlogged soils, in fields, prepared for seeding), doubling of the tractor wheels is used. Doubling of wheels in combination with minimum ballasting in standard soil conditions allows coupling with heavy-duty compound implements in fields with different slope. ATTENTION: DOUBLE TIRES SHALL NOT BE USED FOR IMPROVEMENT OF LIFTING AND DRAWBAR POWER AS THEY SERVE FOR PRESSURE RELIEVE DURING OPERATION IN FIELD! Effect of wheels doubling on the tractor drawbar dynamix on mellow soils appears as follows. In the area of the nominal drawbar power and at slow speed slipping is decreasing by 1.4 times and drawbar power is increasing. When operated with low hook drawbar power and at high speed, the drawbar power of the double-wheeled tractor is less than of single-wheeled tractor due to the increased rolling resistance. ATTENTION: IT IS RECOMMENDED NOT TO USE TRACTOR COMPLETED WITH DOUBLE WHEELS WITH TIRES FILLED WITH WATER SOLUTION AND WITH HINGED BALLAST LOADS FOR OPERATION WITH THE IMPLEMENTS OF TRAILERS AND SEMI-TRAILERS TYPE! USE OF INDIVIDUAL BRAKES DURING OPERATION ON DOUBLED REAR WHEELES IS FORBIDDEN! Accumulated carrying capacity of dual tires shall not be 1.7 times larger than carrying capacity of a single tire. ATTENTION: DOUBLING OF FRONT WHEELS SHALL BE USED ONLY IN EXCEPTIONAL CASES. IN CASE OF DOUBLING OF FRONT WHEELS CONSULT YOUR DEALER! Note Instructions on wheels doubling are set forth in subparagraph 4.2.10 "Rear wheels doubling".
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5.13 Features of the tractor application in special conditions
5.13.1 Tractor operation in areas with rugged topography. Possibility of the tractor
application for haylage allocation for reserve.
Operator working in the fields and roads with a slope coming downwards or up-
wards, shall be very careful.
Technical characteristics of the general-purpose implement coupled in the structure
of MTU ensure its safe and proper operation on working field spaces with a slope not ex-
ceeding 9 degrees.
ATTENTION: TRACTORS "BELARUS-1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3" ARE UN-
APPROPRIATED FOR OPERATION WITH THE GENERAL-PURPOSE IMPLEMENTS AT
UPLAND ENVIRONMENT INCLUDING ON SHARP INCLINES. THEREFORE TRAC-
TORS ARE NOT COMPLETED WITH SPECIAL-PURPOSE DEVICES, FOR EXAMPLE
INCLINATION OF THE FRONT PART SIGNALLING DEVICE!
ATTENTION:
APPLICATION
OF
TRACTORS
"BELARUS-
1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3" FOR GRASS STACKING (SILAGE OR HAYLAGE) IN
TRENCHES AND PITS IS NOT ALLOWED!
5.13.2 Application of substances for the purpose of chemical treatment
The cabin is equipped with ventilation, heating and conditioning system according to
GOST 12.2.120. In ventilation system there are four paper filters with performance capa-
bilities according to GOST ISO 14269-5. Cabin design ensures its proofness under GOST
ISO 14269.
ATTENTION:
CABIN
OF
THE
TRACTOR
"BELARUS-
1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3" CAN NOT PROTECT FROM POSSIBLE DAMAGING
EFFECT OF SUBSTANCES USED FOR CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF AGRICULTURAL
PLANTS AND SOILS INCLUSIVE OF SPRAY TREATMENT. THEREFORE, WHEN
TREATING CHEMICAL SUBSTANSES, THE OPERATOR SHALL WEAR INDIVIDUAL
PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT IN ACCORDANCE WITH OPERATING CONDITIONS!
IT IS FORBIDDEN TO PLACE SUBSTANSES USED FOR CHEMICAL TREAT-
MENT OF AGRICULTURAL PLANTS AND SOILS IN THE CABIN.
THE OPERATOR MUST NOT ENTER THE CABIN WEARING CLOTHES OR
SHOES CONTAMINATED WITH SUBSTANCES USED FOR CHEMICAL TREATMENT
OF AGRICULTURAL PLANTS AND SOILS.
For safe and proper application of the specified substances it is necessary to comply with instructions written on the labels and documents accompanying the substances.
All individual protective equipment and specialized clothing (knockabout suit and foot gear, etc), corresponding to the operating conditions and current safety requirements are required.
If the use of a breathing mask inhaler is required for chemical treatment by the application data sheet of the substance, it shall be used inside the tractor cabin.
5.13.3 Operation in a forest It is forbidden to use tractor "BELARUS-1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3" for performance of any work in a forest, including coupling with clamshell loader, trailing equipment, special-purpose forestry machinery designed for gathering, loading, and transport of trees, and their unloading, sorting and warehousing. ATTENTION: ACCORDING TO THE PURPOSE THE TRACTOR "BELARUS1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3" IS DESIGNED FOR, SPECIAL OPERATOR POSITION PROTECTION DEVICE (OPS) IS NOT PROVIDED IN ITS DESIGN, INCLUSIVE OF SPECIAL ATTACHING POINT FOR THE DEVICE. THEREFORE THE TRACTOR SHALL NOT BE OPERATED IN CONDITIONS WHEN THERE IS A HAZARD OF TREES, ITS BRANCHES, AND SINGLE PARTS OF THE EQUIPMENT COUPLED PENETRATION INTO THE OPERATOR'S CABIN!
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5.13.4 Driving on public roads and selection of speed ATTENTION: WHEN DRIVING ON PUBLIC ROADS, THE OPERATOR SHALL OBEY NATIONAL TRAFFIC REGULATIONS RULES! Before the tractor starts moving in structure of MTA on public roads transfer in transport position all corresponding structural components, including working attachments, of the implement coupled (RLL, FLL and etc.). The agricultural implements coupled with the tractor shall not be applied for hauling of goods and people. Hauling of goods shall be carried out by means of trailers, semitrailers and other analogous vehicles. Implements with width exceeding tractor dimensions shall be equipped with identification signs according to traffic regulation rules. The implements which are coupled with the tractor hide light alarms, shall be equipped with their own light alarms.
ATTENTION: DO NOT TRANSPORT TRAILERS, SEMITRAILERS, SEMIMOUNTED, SEMITRAILED AND TRAILED IMPLEMENTS WITH TECHNOLOGICAL LOAD (FERTILIZER DISTRIBUTORS, SEEDERS, TRACTOR-DRAWN COMBINED HARVESTER AND OTHER), NOT EQUIPPED WITH BREACKS, ACTUAL WEIGHT OF WHICH ISN`T EXCEED 3500 KG!
For more complete use of the tractor power during hauling operations, several vehicles can be used simultaneously, number of which is conditioned by the tractor technical capabilities. Such structure is called "tractor-trailer train" and is placed special demand on. Tractor coupling in structure of a train is permitted only on dry roads with hard surface with very small slope. On an ice-slick and slippery roads the tractor shall be stopped.
Usually "tractor-trailer train" is formed as follows: "a tractor + semitrailer + trailer". Semitrailer is connected directly to the tractor. Other procedure of a semitrailer usage in a "tractor-trailer train" is not provided.
ATTENTION: DO NOT EXCEED MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE TRANSPORTATION SPEED OF THE IMPLEMENTS AND EQUIPMENT. TRACTORS «BELARUS1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3» CAN MAKE MORE SPEED THAN IT IS PERMISSIBLE FOR MOST IMPLEMENTS COUPLED!
Selecting a speed, the operator shall consider the intensity of traffic, features and state of the implements coupled and the load transported, maximum permissible speed of the implements coupled, road and meteorological conditions with regard to capabilities and restrictions imposed by Traffic regulation rules. Maximum permissible traveling speed of the tractor in structure of MTU specified in Table 5.13.
Table 5.13 Maximum permissible travelling speed of the tractor in structure of MTU
Traffic conditions
Description of the technical means coupled
Travelling
speed, km/h, not more
Public roads
Tractor general-purpose trailers and semitrailers,
special-purpose vehicles (fertilizer distributors and
transporters, semitrailed spraying machines) with
brake system
40
Trailed, semitrailed and semimounted implements
with brake system
30
Trailed, semitrailed and semimounted implements
without brake system; mounted implements,
compound mounted units
20
Travelling off the public General and special-purpose vehicles; trailers,
roads, inclusive of techno- semitrailers, semimounted implements
logic travelling from one field to another, delivery of the
20
implements to the working Mounted implements, compound mounted units
15
place
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5.14 Finding of total weight, loads on the front and rear axles, tires holding capacity and required minimum ballast
Amount of load on the tractor axles in structure of MTU may be found by means of proximate weighting on truck scales of the corresponding carrying capacity.
Tractor weighting allows possibility to consider weight distribution of MTU masses along the tractor axles completed by you in different operating conditions: "main operation" and "transport". During load sensing on the tractor axles, the technological load weight, for example weight of seeds, distributed by a seeder, must be considered.
ATTENTION: TO REDUCE OVERLOAD OF THE REAR WHEELS AND FDA DURING COMPOUND UNITS COUPLING TOGETHER WITH USE OF RLL AND FLL, IT IS NECESSARY TO LIFT RLL WITH THE IMPLEMENT FIRST, AND FLL WITH THE IMPLEMENT NEXT. GROUNDING SHALL BE CARRIED OUT IN REVERSE ORDER.
For finding of a load on the tractor axis by means of weighting on truck scales, it is necessary to place the measured axis wheels of the tractor on a weighing platform, and other axis wheels shall be kept out of the area of weighting on a level with the platform.
The following formula is used for load sensing , where
- is load, ; - M is mass, kg, and - g=9.8 is gravity acceleration, m/s2
Calculation of load on the front tractor axis H
, where - f is load on the front tractor axis, ; - is amount of the tractor operating weight with ballast (unit installed), distributed on the tractor front axis, kg; - g=9.8 is gravity acceleration, m/s 2.
Calculation of load on the rear tractor axis
, where z is load on the rear tractor axis, ;
is amount of the tractor operating weight with unit installed (ballast), distributed on the tractor rear axis, kg.
- g=9.8 is gravity acceleration, m/s 2
Calculation of load acting on one front or one rear tractor wheel for selection of pressure in tires:
) during operation of tires on single wheels
G f
Tf 2
;
G Z
TZ 2
, where G f
and GZ are loads, acting on one front or one rear
tractor tire accordingly.
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b) during operation of tires on doubled wheels: (considering a permissible load on a tire during operation of tires on doubled wheels):
1.7 G f doubl.= G f
1.7 GZ doubl.= GZ
G f
doubl.=
Gf 1,7
G Z
doubl.=
GZ 1,7
where G f doubl. and GZ doubl. are calculated loads for pressurization of tires during operation of tires on doubled wheels.
Further according to the calculated loads from Table 4.1 of loading instructions, tire pressure shall be determined (subsection 4.2.8 "Selection of tires internal pressure in depending on operating conditions and load on the tractor axles, and tires operating rules").
For operator convenience tables 4.2 and 4.3 tire pressure standard during operation on doubled wheels distribution of load on accuracy degrees and indication of the corresponding value of tires pressure.
Tractor controllability criterion calculation: - without water solution in front tires
- with water solution in front tires
, where f is load on the tractor front axis, ; kf is tractor controllability criterion; M is tractor operating weight (during calculation ballasts weights in the tractor operating weight are not taken into account), kg; m3 weight of water solution in front tires of tractor, kg. g is a value equal to 9.81 m/s 2
ATTENTION: COUPLING OF THE IMPLEMENTS TO THE TRACTOR SHALL NOT RESULT IN EXCESS OF PERMISSIBLE AXIS LOADING AND LOADS ON THE TRACTOR TIRES!
ATTENTION: MINIMUM WEIGHT OF THE IMPLEMENTS COUPLED AND BALLAST WEIGHTS USED SHALL ALWAYS MAKE NOT LESS THAN VALUES AT WHICH LOAD ON THE FRONT TRACTOR WHEELS IN STRUCTURE OF MTU SHOULD ALWAYS MAKE NOT LESS THAN 20% OF THE TRACTOR OPERATING WEIGHT, AND THE CONTROLABILITY CRETERION SHOULD MAKE NOT LESS THAN 0.2!
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5.15 Choice and installation of front loader
5.15.1 General information
When choosing, buying and mounting of mounted front loaders (hereinafter referred to as loaders) pay attention to conditions specified in the present tractor operation manual and in Table 5.14.
able 5.14
Name of indicator (characteristics)
Indicator (characteristics) value
Standard size of tractor "BELARUS1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3" wheel tires to which installation of loader is possible Tractor wheel tire pressure
Tractor wheel track, m, not less : - for front wheels
- for front wheels
Tractor axle weight limit (with regard to tractor and loader weights), kN, not more than:
420/70R24 front, 580/70R42 rear (i.e. tires of basic configuration or imported tires of the same type) Internal tire pressure of rear wheels set as pressure for 30km/h speed
Not less than 1890±20 Rear wheels track is set at maximum permissible width
- for front axle;
50
- for rear axle
85
Loader assembly weight, kg, not more than Push force in cutting mode, kN, not more than Overloading protection while in cutting mode
Speed of tractor movement with loader installed, km/h, not more than: - operation speed with load - operation speed without load - traveling speed
Tractor ballasting with loader installed (when necessary) Places of loaders fastening to a tractor: - loader mounting frame
- loader push rods Shift-time control (testing parameters, in addition to STMS operations, listed in tractor and loader operation manual) Connection of loader hydraulic system Pressure-relief valve adjustment pressure (if any) of loader hydraulic system, MPa
1760
27 Automated protection in loader design
6 12 25 1. Ballast weight on rear lift linkage. 2. Water solution in rear tires
Front beam, longeron, clutch case Semi-axle tubes, GB and rear axle casings 1. Tightness of fasteners of loader mounting frame and tractor wheels. 2. Tractor tire pressure
Tractor hydraulic outputs
20-2
ATTENTION: FORK LOAD DEPENDS ON OVERHANG AND DESIGN OF LOADER WORKING ATTACHMENTS, AND SPECIFICATIONS OF LIFTED LOAD!
IT IS FORBIDDEN TO USE WITH LOADER A TRACTOR HAVING NO CAB OR CANOPY TENT, NO NOTWILLED MOVEMENT LIMITING SYSTEM (SEAT BELT), AND ALSO IN CONFIGURATION WITH FRONT AND REAR TIRES OF IRREGULAR CONFIGURATION.
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2022.3-0000010 OM For installation of the complete set of the loading equipment bores on a front beam, longerons and a tractor clutch coupling case are used. For the purpose of unloading of a semiframe and a tractor clutch coupling case use adjustable bars or other constructive elements connected to rear semi-axles tubes of rear axle transferring a part of push force to tractor rear axle. For rigidity maintenance it is desirable, that the right and left parts of loader mounting frame have been rigidly connected among themselves. Loader installation scheme is shown in Figure 5.15.1.
1 loading equipment kit for tractor; 2 crossed linkage of loader frame; 3 tapped rod; 4 loader bucket; 5 rear ballast weight.
Figure 5.15.1 Loader installation scheme To ensure sufficient drawbar power generated by tractor rear wheels, it is necessary to create adequate load on rear axle equal or exceeding 60 % of tractor operational weight with regard to installed loader weight. Right proportion of loads on axles can be achieved by rear axle ballasting by means of loads, solution, filled in wheel tires, rear counterweight (hook-on bucket with ballast load), attached to rear lift linkage. ATTENTION: IN LOADER OPERATION MANUAL DESIGNED FOR CONSUMER, LOADER MOUNTING ORDER SHALL BE SET FORTH WITH PICTURES INCLUSIVE OF DATA ON SHIFTING AND DISMOUNTING OF TRACTOR COMPONENTS. In a loader design safety and interlocking devices (fast coupling clutches, slowingdown valves, overload limiter and another), should be provided excluding conflicting motions of gears, overloads and breakages in operation on excess of admissible pressure values in hydraulic system, nominal load capacity or drawbar power. In mode of ground cutting it is necessary to provide protection of tractor and loader chassis and from overload. Loader working attachment overturning (bucket and etc.), due to special valve actuation integrated in loader system may be one of the variants. In order to avoid breakages for the purpose of loader lowering speed limitation, the loader should be equipped with slowing-down valves in lifting cavity of loader hydraulic cylinders.
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Loader design is to provide possibility of fixing working attachments in transport position.
To exclude contact and/or tractor and loader damages the minimum distances between fixed members of tractor and loader components attached to it should be not less than 0.1 m, and in case of moving member not less than 0.15 m.
The loader should bear marks "Maximum speed limitation", and also necessary warning labels, for example: to "Fix". On loader operating equipment limit values of loadcarrying capacity should be specified on the fore.
ATTENTION: INSTALLATION ON THE TRACTOR "BELARUS1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3" OF MOUNTED FRONT LOADERS OF VARIOUS MANUFACTURERS IS ALLOWED IN CASE IT IS PROVIDED FOR IN LOADERS TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION!
ATTENTION: FRONT LOADERS WHICH ARE NOT DESIGNED FOR USE TOGETHER WITH TRACTOR "BELARUS-1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3" MUST NOT BE INSTALLED ON THE TRACTOR!
Depending on replaceable operating equipment installed two modes of loader operation "Loader" and "Bulldozer" are possible.
ATTENTION: PROVIDING CONSUMER WITH ALL KINDS OF NECESSARY TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION, INCLUDING CONFIRMATION OF POSSIBILITY OF COUPLING OF LOADER WITH TRACTOR "BELARUS-1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3", COMES WITHIN DUTIES OF THE MANUFACTURER OF THE LOADER!
5.15.2 Safety measures by tractor "BELARUS-1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3" operation with loader installed
During loader operation it is necessary to check on shift-time basis tightening of fasteners of mounting frame of loader and wheeled tractor, and pressure in tires.
During loader operation observe safety requirements listed in subsection 4.3 "Safety measures to be taken when operating the tractor".
Additionally during loader operation it is forbidden to: - carry load with weights exceeding those specified in loader OM; - fill loader bucket amain, to work on soft soils; - place bucket outside slope crest when throwing off soil aslope (in order to avoid tractor slipping); - transport load in bucket at maximum boom length; - work with cracks on rims and with tires damaged up to the cord or perforation damage; - to leave a tractor with lifted load; - to make all types of turns and reverse movements with working attachments buried; - work with faulty light, signalling system, steering and brakes; - carry out operations at night with faulty electrical equipment and insufficient light of a working area, - lift people by means of loader; - lift and move loads if there are people in dangerous zone (danger line is near the moving members and working attachments of loader is within 5 m unless other exclusive requirements are specified in specification or manufacturer's instruction); - carry out tractor maintenance with loader arm raised; - make loading and unloading operations under electric power lines; - carry loader bucket over a car cabin.
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ATTENTION: TO IMPROVE LONGITUDINAL STABILITY AND RELIEF OF LOAD ON FRONT AXLE, TRACTOR COUPLED WITH LOADER CAN BE EQUIPPED WITH REAR LINKAGE-MOUNTED BALANCE WEIGHTS!
OPERATION OF LOADER ON THE SLOPE MORE THAN 8 DEGREES IS FORBIDDEN!
Tractor service brake control pedal should be blocked during loader operation. Avoid abrupt start, braking, sharp turns and longterm frictional slip of tires by tractor operation with loader. When tractor with loader travels along the public roads traffic regulations should be observed. Traveling speed of tractor with loader must not exceed 25 km/h. Operation speed of tractor with loader must not exceed 10 km/h. Before starting traveling along the public roads, raise loader in transport position and fix it properly. It may be a problem of spontaneous lowering of loader. In this respect loader should be shifted in lowermost position and loader hydraulic control mechanism levers should be fixed in a proper manner after end of operation and before leaving the cab. Mounting and dismounting of loader should be carried out on a lever ground hard pad. Driver operating tractor with loader, housing of which is fell under load, must lower working attachment in a lowermost position, stop the engine, switch AB off and leave the cab urgently avoiding touching loader housing metal parts. Before starting loading and unloading operations operator should carry out preparatory inspection of place of work, and take a look at rules and methods of operation depending on specific conditions. It is forbidden to let other person to drive tractor with loader. Before starting to drive or engage reverse it is necessary to set the signal and ensure there are no people in the area of loader operation. Take special care while traveling in the enterprise territory (maximum speed should be determined by enterprise standards). When driving tractor with loader keep watch over obstacles located over-head (wires, pipelines, archs and etc.). When loader bucket is full avoid striking against obstacle behind load. Taking of bulk materials should be carried out by slow cutting in stock pile and simultaneous turn of loader bucket. Operator is not allowed to start operation on loads handling in the following cases: - load weight is unknown; - poor light in the area of operation, loads can hardly bee seen; - loader is not operated on solid hard and smooth surface (asphalt, concrete, paving blocks and etc.), or the territory is not cleaned from snow and ice, ice-covered ground is not sanded or covered with special agent in winter; - slope of work area, where loader is to be operated exceeds 8 grades. Stop loader operation in the following cases: - tire puncture or insufficient tire pressure; - detection of failure in steering, hydraulic and breaking system; - availability of extraneous noises and slap noises in engine, chassis, loader working attachments.
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5.15.3 Information about mounting holes In the present subsection data on availability of mounting holes of tractor which can be used by manufacturers of front loaders for loader installation, and also by manufacturer of tractors for installation of various equipment are set forth. The mounting holes arrangement scheme for tractor "BELARUS-1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3" is shown in Figure 5.15.2. Parameters of mounting holes are listed in Table 5.15.
Table 5.15 Parameters of
1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3"
Denomination
1
2
Diameter **
16-7H
16-7H
Length
22
10
mounting holes
3 16-7H
10
of tractor
4 18 13,5
"BELARUS-
5 16-6H
14
Denomination Diameter ** Length
6 16-6H
14
7 16-6H
14
8 16-6H
14
9 16-6H
14
10 16-6H
14
Denomination Diameter ** Length
11 16-6H
14
12 16-6H
14
13 16-6H
14
14 16-6H
14
15 16-6H
14
Denomination Diameter ** Length
16 16-6H
28
17 18 8
18 18 8
19 18 8
20 18 8
Denomination Diameter ** Length
21 18 8
22 18 8
23 18 8
24 18 8
25 18 8
Denomination Diameter ** Length
26 18 8
27 16-7H
18
28 16-7H
18
29 16-7H
18
30 16-7H
23
Denomination Diameter ** Length
31 16-7H
23
32 16-7H
23
33 16
12
34 16
12
35 20 13,5
Denomination Diameter ** Length
36 20 13,5
37* 18 13,5
38* 18 13,5
39* 221,5-6h
50
40* 221,5-6h
50
Denomination Diameter ** Length
41* 221,5-6h
50
42* 221,5-6h
50
43* 10
15
44* 10
15
45* 20
32
Denomination Diameter ** Length
46* 20
32
47* 20
32
48* 20
32
49* 20 16
50* 20
40
Denomination
51*
52*
Diameter **
20
20
Length
40
40
___________________________________________________________
* Bottom hole
** Thread parameters for a screw hole.
53* 20 28
54* 20 28
NOTES: Sizes in Table 5.15 are given in mm. Holes 1...26 , 38...49 right and left. Holes 49, 53 54 for installation of pins. Holes 1...31 (odd numbers) upper row. Holes 2...32 (even numbers) low row. In course of mounted components installation ensure safety of bushings in holes 1, 6 and 14. It is not recommended to use holes with bushings meant for coupling.
ATTENTION: IT IS NOT RECOMMENDED TO USE SIDE HOLES WITH BUSHINGS! MOUNTED LOADER COMPONENTS SHOULD NOT CAUSE BUSHING DESTRUCTION!
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1 bracket; 1 front beam; 1 right longeron; 2 right longeron; D1 right plate; D2 left plate; 1 left rear-axle tube; 2 right rear-axle tube; rear-axle body.
Figure 5.15.2 Mounting holes arrangement scheme of tractor "BELARUS1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3" 234
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5.16 Usage peculiarities of special low-speed modification of 2022B.3 17/32
ATTENTION: ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED IN SECTION 5 "COUPLING OF IMPLEMENTS" REGARDING COUPLING OF IMPLEMENTS WITH THE BASIC MODIFICATION OF THE TRACTOR WILL ALSO APPLY TO THE LOW-SPEED MODIFICATION WITH THE REVERSE CONTROL POST 2022.3 - 17/32!
When selecting implements operating in the low-speed range define their operating speed range and compare it with the tractor permissible speed. If you fail to do this then later you might have problems with operation of the tractor coupled with the selected implement.
When driving at low speeds drawbar pull of the tractor increases greatly. If you try to use this increased drawbar pull for the increase of the tractor load, the tractor is very likely to get broken.
6 MAINTENANCE
6.1 General instructions Maintenance service (MS) is necessary for maintaining the tractor in operable state during operational processes. Failure to observe the specified intervals of MS and bad quality of MS may result in reduction of tractor life significantly, increase of failures, engine power loss and increase in expenses for tractor operation. An operator shall carry out daily inspection of the tractor, checking fasteners for tightening, fuel, liquid, and oil leakage, dirt and other deposits accumulation, which can cause operating troubles, ignition or accidents. Notes about performance of maintenance services shall be made in the tractor service book. Observe storage precautions and waste recovery rules. Never discharge used liquid to the ground. Use special tanks for safe storage of waste.
WARNING: WHILE CARRYING OUT MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR SERVICES, ALWAYS COMPLY WITH SAFETY PRECAUTIONS, LISTED IN SUBSECTION 6.6 "SAFETY PRECAUTIONS WHILE MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR SERVICES"!
ATTENTION: IF THERE ARE NO SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS, BEFORE STARTING ANY MAINTENANCE OR ADJUSTMENT SERVICES, ETC., STOP THE ENGINE AND ENGAGE PARKING BRAKES. IN CASE SAFETY GUARDS AND COVERS ARE OFF, MAKE SURE THEY ARE MOUNTED BACK AFTER CONDUCTING MAINTENANCE SERVICES, BEFORE YOU START OPERATING THE TRACTOR!
In the process of conducting maintenance services of the hydraulic lift system, steering, and the transmission hydraulic system, it is strictly required to observe oil change and filter replacement intervals. It is not allowed to use oil for filling (refilling), not specified in the tractor operation manual.
Before refilling, replacing or cleaning filter cartridges, it is necessary to clean filler plugs, necks and caps, and adjoining surfaces from dirt and dust. While filter cartridge replacement, wash internal surfaces of filter housings and caps with the diesel fuel. While tractor coupling with hydraulically-operated implements, it is necessary to clean clutches, couplings, adapting pipes and other connecting parts of the implement and the tractor thoroughly.
In case the hydraulic system is operated with hydraulically-operated implements filled with oil origin of which is unknown, the oil in the implement shall be replaced by the oil filled into the tractor hydraulic lift system.
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Purity of oil in the hydraulic system ensures its fail-safe operation.
Types of scheduled maintenance service are shown in table 6.1.
Table 6.1 Types of scheduled maintenance service
Types of maintenance service Maintenance service while operational run-in 1)
Shift-time (STMS) First maintenance service (MS-1) Additional maintenance service (2MS-1) Second maintenance service (MS-2) Third maintenance service (MS-3) Special maintenance service General maintenance service
Seasonal maintenance service (MS-SS and MSAW)
Maintenance service not corresponding to the set intervals with MS-1, 2MS-1, MS-2, MS-3 and special MS Maintenance service in special operating conditions Maintenance service during storage 2)
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Intervals, h MS before, during and after tractor run-in (after 30 hours of operation) 8-10 125 250 500 1000 2000 As required While transfer to autumn and winter operation (MS-AW) and spring and summer (MS-SS)
During preparation of tractor operation in special conditions In case of long-term storage
1) Information on maintenance services carried out by the operator before, during and after tractor run-in is given in subsection 4.4 "Tractor final assembly and run-in".
2) Information on maintenance services carried out by the operator during long storage of the tractor is given in section 8 "Tractor storage" of this operation manual.
Deviation of +10% for MS-1, 2MS-1 and MS -2 and +5% for MS -3 from the set intervals of MS are permitted (early or late MS) depending on the operating conditions for the chassis.
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6.2 Providing access to the components for maintenance services 6.2.1 Providing access to the components for maintenance service of tractors with facing consisting of the hood, mask and side pieces. Before starting maintenance service operations, it is required to remove both side pieces 10and 18 (figure 6.2.1), open and fix tractor hood 8. To get an access to the units located under mask 1, it is required to open, then fix tractor mask 1 with the hood being closed.
IT IS FORBIDDEN TO OPEN THE HOOD AND THE MASK AT THE SAME TIME!
To remove side pieces 10, 18, it is required to do the following: - open four locks 2; - release detents 12 from support 11; - remove side pieces 10, 18. To open hood 8, it is required to do the following: - pulling cable control handle 9, release clinch 7 from linking with lock 8; - open hood 6; - fix it in the open position by setting link 4 in bracket 3; - make sure hood 8 is securely fixed in the open position. To open mask 1, it is required to do the following: - pull mask 1 forward to release supports 15 from clinch 16; - uplift mask 1; - fix it in the open position by setting link 13 in plate 17; - make sure mask 1 is securely fixed in the uplift position. To close the hood, it is required to do the following: - slightly open hood 6 to release link 4 from bracket 3; - fix link 4 in clip 5; - lower hood 6 in the extreme lower position until a specific click is heard (lock 2 comes into action). To close mask 1, it is required to do the following: - slightly uplift mask 1 to release link 13 from plate 17; - fix link 13 in clip 14; - lower mask 1 in the lower position until a specific click is heard (supports 15 are fixed in clip 16). To mount side pieces 10, 18, it is required to do the following: - set detents 12 into supports 11; - fix side pieces 10, 18 by means of locks 2.
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1 mask; 2 lock; 3 bracket; 4 link; 5 clip; 6 hood; 7 clinch; 8 lock; 9 cable control handle; 10 side piece; 11 support; 12 detent; 13 link; 14 clip; 15 support; 16 clip; 17 plate; 18 side piece.
Figure 6.2.1 Opening and closing of hood and mask, removal of side pieces
6.2.2 Providing access to the components for maintenance services of tractors with facing consisting of hood only.
Before starting maintenance service, it is required to open hood 3 (Figure 6.2.2). Hood 3 can be opened and fixed in two positions.
To open hood 3 in the first position, it is necessary to do the following: - open lock 2 by pulling control cable handle 1; - open hood 3; - fix it in the open position by means of link 4 in bracket 5; - ensure that hood 3 is fixed properly in the uplift position. To open hood 3 in the second position, it is necessary to do the following: - open lock 2 by pulling control cable handle 1; - uplift hood 3; - fix it in the open position by means of link 4 in bracket 5; - disconnect highlight cable from the engine cable; - slightly uplift hood 3 to release link 4 from bracket 5; - set link 4back to its place; - holding hood 3 by a hand, pull locking mechanism 7 along the tractor longitudinal axis from the cabin; - open hood 3 into the second position; - fix it in an open position by means of link 8 in bracket 9. To close the hood, it is required to do the following:
- slightly uplift hood 3 to release link 4 or 8 from corresponding bracket 5 or 9 depending on the position hood 3 is opened;
- set link 4 or 8 back to its place; - lower hood 3 in a lower position until a specific click is heard (lock 2 comes
into action). To get a better access to the master cylinders tanks of hydraulic drives of clutch and breaks control systems, installed on the tractor cab, it is necessary to open hatch 6.
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a) the first position
a) the second position
1 control cable handle; 2 lock; 3 hood; 4 link; 5 bracket; 6 hatch; 7 locking mechanism; 8 link; 9 bracket.
Figure 6.2.2 Opening and closing of the hood
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6.3 Maintenance procedure Contents of scheduled servicing operations for tractors "BELARUS1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3" in course of operation are listed in Table 6.2.
Table 6.2
Operation No
Operation description
8-10
Periodicity, h 8-10
1 Check oil level in the engine crankcase
X
2 Check oil level in the transmission line
X
3 Check oil level in an tank of HLL
X
4 Check oil level in an tank of HSC
X
5 Check hydraulic-brake fluid level in tanks of X master cylinders of hydraulic drive of clutch and breaks operating control
6 1) Check hydraulic-brake fluid level in master cyl- X inders housings of clutch and brake control on reverse
7 Check cooling liquid level in the engine cooling X
system
8 Check tires state
X
9 Check air conditioner hose fixtures
X
10 Inspect hydraulic system components
X
11 Inspect/clean air conditioner drainage pipes
X
from condensate water
12 Inspect/clean air conditioner condenser
X
13 Inspect/clean engine water radiator and engine X
CAC-radiator
14 Check/rinse of gripper tools of FLL and RLL 1)
X
15 Check brakes functioning in running order, en-
gine, steering, light/alarm devices operability.
Check the condition of the engine compartment
electric cables
X
16 Drain condensate water from the pneumatic sys- X tem balloon
17 18 3) 19
Drain condensate water from the radiator tanks X X
of CAC
win- sum
ter mer
Check threaded joint torquing of wheels mount- X X
ing
Wash the tractor and clean cabin inside surfaces
20 Check bolts torquing of air duct clamps of CAC
X
21 4) Check pneumatic pressure in tires
X
22 Check/adjust clutch operating control
X
23 Drain sediment from a fuel tank
X
24 Drain sediment from coarse fuel filter
X
25 Clean filter cartridges of ventilation and air heat-
X
ing systems
26 Check /adjust alternator belt tension and water
X
pump drive belt
27 Check oil level in the main gear housing and
X
wheel-hub drive of the FDA
28 Lubricate holding-down clip bearings of FDA
X
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29 Lubricate pivot axis bearing of FDA
X
30 Check/adjust air conditioner compressor drive
X
belt tension
Table 6.2 continued
Operation No
Operation description
31 5) Carry out maintenance of AB
Periodicity, h 8-10 125 250 500 10002000
X
32 2) Check oil level in FPTO reducing gear
33 Lubricate HSC hydraulic cylinders hinged joints
X
34 Rinse mesh filter of transmission hydraulic sys-
X
tem
35 Check/adjust clearances in steering link joints
X
36 37 38 39 40
41 42 43 44
45 46 47
48
49
50 51 52
53 54 2) 55
56 57 6)
58 6)
59 60
Check and adjustment of wheels toe-in Lubricate clutch release yoke bearing Clean rotor wheel of centrifugal oil filter of GB Change engine oil filter Clean rotor wheel of centrifugal oil filter of the engine Change oil in the engine crankcase Drain sediment from fine fuel filter Carry out maintenance of alternator and starter Clean filter cartridge of air pressure regulating filter in the pneumatic system Adjust service brake control
Adjust parking brake control Check pneumatic system main pipes for tightness Check/adjust drives of pneumatic system brake valves Check all joints of air cleaner and inlet pipe for tightness Lubricate bushings of the RLL turning shaft Check/adjust wheel-hub drive bearings of FDA Check clearance spaces in reducing gear flange bearing of FDA Rinse HLL oil tank breather Clean and lubricate spline joints of FPTO shaft Check/adjust the clearances between engine valves and rocking arms Replace filter cartridge of fine fuel filter Replace exchangeable filter cartridge of HSC tank Replace exchangeable filter cartridge of HSC tank Change oil in HLL tank Change oil in HSC tank
X X X X X
X X X
X
X X X
X
X
X X X X X X
X XX
XX
X X
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Table 6.2 finished
Operation No
Operation description
Periodicity, h 8-10 125 250 500 10002000
61 Change oil in transmission line
X
62 Check oil in the main gear housing and in
X
wheel-hub drives housings of FDA
63 2) Change oil in FPTO reducing gear
X
64 Change hydraulic-brake fluid in clutch operating
X
control drive
65 Change hydraulic-brake fluid in brake control
X
drive
66 2) Lubricate pivot axis bushings of FLL front links
X
67 Change lubricant in the steering hinge joints and
X
wash the parts of the steering hinge joints
68 Check/adjust pneumatic system pressure regu-
X
lator
69 Tighten cylinder heads tension bolts
X
70 Rinse coarse fuel filter
X
71 Check / retorque tractor external threaded joints
X
72 Change filter cartridges of ventilation system
X
and cab heating
73 Wash the engine cooling system and change
X
cooling liquid in the engine cooling system
74 Wash engine breather
X
75 Check / adjust the fuel pump on the stand
X
76 Check nozzles for pressure at the beginning of
X
injection and the quality of fuel spraying
77 Check / adjust fuel injection advance angle
X
78 Replace filter-drier of the air-conditioning system Every 800 hours of operation or
once in a year
79 Adjust valves of GB centrifuge
Every 800 hours of operation or once in a year
80 Carry out maintenance of engine air cleaner
As it becomes dirty
__________________________________________________________________________________________
1) The operation shall be carried out only on tractors «BELARUS-
1822.3/2022.3»
2) The operation shall be carried out if FLL and FPTO are installed against order
3) The operation shall be carried out once during the first maintenance on a shift
basis (in every 8-10 hours of operation), which is carried out by the customer and then
in every 125 hours of tractor operation
4) Control and bringing to the internal pressure norm in the tractor tires is carried out each time when one mode of the tractor operation is changed in another operation
mode, and when the implements and tools coupled with the tractor are replaced
5) AB inspection and maintenance shall be carried out once per 3 months and not
less
6) First and second change is carried out in 500 hours of tractor operation. Then
the change shall be carried out in every 1000 hours of operation simultaneously with oil
change
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2022.3-0000010 OM 6.4 Scheduled maintenance service operations 6.4.1 Maintenance service on a shift basis (SBMS) in every 8 10 hours of operation or per shift 6.4.1.1 General instructions Every 8 10 hours of tractor operation or at the end of shift (depending on which comes first), do the following operations: 6.4.1.2 Operation 1. Check of oil level in the engine crankcase Check oil level putting the tractor on a flat surface and not earlier than in 3-5 min after the engine is off, when the oil completely flows to the crankcase. To check oil level in the engine crankcase, do the following: - take dipstick 3 out (figure 6.4.1), wipe it clean and then put it back against the stop; - take dipstick 3 out and define the oil level. The oil level shall stay between the upper and lower marks of the dipstick. If required, top up the oil through neck 1 after removing cap 2; - put cap 2 back.
1 oil filler neck; 2 cap; 3 dipstick. Figure 6.4.1 Check of oil level in the engine crankcase ATTENTION: DO NOT RUN THE ENGINE WITH THE OIL LEVEL BELOW THE LOWER MARK ON THE DIPSTICK! ATTENTION: DO NOT TOP OIL ABOVE THE UPPER MARK OF THE DIPSTICK. THE OIL BURNS OUT CREATING WRONG IMPRESSION OF LARGE OIL CONSUMPTION 6.4.1.3 Operation 2. Check of oil level in the transmission Check oil level visually according to oil level indicator 1 (figure 6.4.2), located on the right side of the transmission housing. Oil shall be at the level not lower than 10mm from the mark "". If necessary, take off oil filler neck cap 3 (figure 6.4.44) of the oil filler neck and refill the oil up to the required mark "". Normal oil level shall be within r 5 from the mark «».
1 oil level indicator; 2 GB centrifugal oil filter Figure 6.4.2 Check of oil level in the transmission
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2022.3-0000010 OM 6.4.1.4 Operation 3. Check of oil level in the HLL tank Before checking oil level, set the tractor on the flat horizontal ground. Lower RLL links to the extreme lower position. Stop the engine and engage the parking brakes. HLL tank is located on the left side of the clutch coupling housing. Check the oil level visually according to oil level indicator 3 (figure 6.4.3) on the tank. The level shall be between the marks "O" and "" of the oil level indicator. If necessary, refill the oil up to the "" mark through an oil filler hole, for which turn off plug 1. While operating the tractor coupled with implements requiring higher oil consumption, fill the oil up to the mark "C" on the oil level indicator with the hydraulic cylinder retracted rods of the implement coupled with the tractor.
1 oil filler hole plug; 2 HLL tank; 3 oil level indicator. Figure 6.4.3 Check of oil level in the HLL tank
ATTENTION: OIL LEVEL CHECKING OPERATION IN THE HYDRAULIC LIFT LINKAGE TANK SHALL BE CARRIED OUT ONLY WITH THE RETRACTED RODS OF RLL HYDRAULIC CYLINDERS AS WELL AS OF THE IMPLEMENTS COUPLED WITH THE TRACTOR!
6.4.1.5 Operation 4. Check of oil level in the HSC tank Before checking the oil level in the HSC tank 3 (figure 6.4.4), it is required to set the tractor on flat horizontal ground. Stop the engine and engage the parking brakes. The HSC oil tank is located on the right side of the clutch coupling housing. Check the oil level visually according to dipstick 1. The oil level shall be between the upper and lower marks of the dipstick. If necessary, refill oil up to the required level of the dipstick for which unscrew plug 2 of the oil filler neck. Then put plug 2 back on its back.
. 1 dipstick; 2 plug; 3 HSC tank. Figure 6.4.4 Check of oil level in HSC tank
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6.4.1.6 Operation 5. Check of hydraulic-brake fluid level in the tanks of main cylinders of hydraulic drive of clutch and brake control
Carry out visual inspection of fluid level in tank 4 (figure 5.4.6) of the main clutch coupling cylinder and tanks 1, 2 of the main brake cylinders. The level shall be between "min" and "max" marks, made on the tank housings. If necessary, add hydraulic-brake fluid up to the "max" mark, turning off tank caps 3.
1, 2 main brake cylinder tank; 3 tank cap; 4 tank of the main cylinder clutch. .
Figure 6.4.5 Check of hydraulic-brake fluid level in the tanks of main cylinders of hydraulic drive of clutch and brake control
6.4.1.7 Operation 6. Check of hydraulic-brake fluid level in the tanks of main cylinders of hydraulic drive of clutch and brake control on reverse
Note this operation shall be carried out only on tractors "BELARUS1822.3/2022.3". If the tractor "BELARUS-1822.3/2022.3" is used only for transport operations, this operation can be carried out with less periodicity.
To check hydraulic-brake fluid level in the tanks of main cylinders of clutch 23 (figure 3.2.6) and brakes 3 (figure 3.8.6) control on reverse, it is required to open tank casings. Fluid level shall be not lower than 10...15 mm from the top edge of the main cylinder tank on reverse which corresponds to size "" in figures 3.2.6 and 3.8.6. If necessary, refill hydraulic-brake fluid up to the required level. Put casings back to their places.
6.4.1.8 Operation 7. Check of cooling liquid level in the engine cooling system Remove plug 10 (figure 3.1.6) of the expansion tank 9 and visually check the cooling liquid level which shall be 50...60 mm lower than the level of the filler neck top edge. If necessary, refill the liquid through the expansion tank filler neck up to the required level. . WARNING: THE ENGINE COOLING SYSTEM WORKS UNDER PRESSURE WHICH IS MAINTAINED BY A VALVE LOCATED IN THE EXPANSION CHAMBER PLUG. IT IS DANGEROUS TO REMOVE THE PLUG WHEN THE ENGINE IS HOT. IF IT IS REQUIRED TO REMOVE THE WATER RADIATOR PLUG, LET THE ENGINE COOL DOWN FIRST, COVER THE PLUG WITH DENSE TEXTURE AND TURN IT SLOWLY TO REDUCE PRESSURE SMOOTHLY BEFORE REMOVING THE PLUG. AVOID BURNS BY HOT FLUID!
6.4.1.9 Operation 8. Check of tire state
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Carry out visual inspection of tires outside appearance and conditions in order to detect faults or objects getting stuck in the tires (tacks, rocks and etc.). If necessary, clear the tires of foreign objects. In case the tires have defects going up to the tire fabric or cracks going through the whole tire thickness, dismount the tire and send it to the special repair workshop for retreading. If the tires have defects beyond repair, replace the tire. A defective tire shall be sent to recycling.
6.4.1.10 Operation 9. Check of air conditioner hose fixtures Carry out visual inspection of air conditioner hose fixtures. Air conditioner hoses shall be properly fixed with coupling clamps. The hoses shall not be in contact with moving parts of the tractor.
6.4.1.11 Operation 10. Check of the hydraulic system elements Carry out inspection of the tractor hydraulic system elements. In case condensation and down-flows are detected, eliminate them by means of threaded joints tightening. Change failed hoses and high pressure hoses.
6.4.1.12 Operation 11. Check/cleaning of air conditioner drainage pipes from condensate water
Light-blue drain pipes are placed to the right and to the left of the heating and cooling device under the ceiling panel. To avoid clogging, the drain pipes shall be checked and cleaned, if necessary. Cleanliness of a drain pipe is indicated by water dripping when the air conditioner operates in hot weather.
6.4.1.13 Operation 12. Check/cleaning of an air conditioner condenser
Check cleanliness of the air conditioner condenser core. If it is clogged, it is neces-
sary to clean the condenser with compressed air. Open the hood and direct the air flow
perpendicular to the condenser plane from top downward. Jammed finning shall be
straightened by means of a special comb or a plastic (wooden) plate. In case of severe
condenser clogging, rinse it with hot water under pressure of not more than 0.2 MPa and
blow it off by compressed air. Condenser cores shall be cleaned both from the hood mask
side and from the engine fan side.
To clean the condenser from the fan side, it is required to do the following:
-
unscrew four nuts 1 (figure 6.4.6);
-
carefully uplift condenser 2 with brackets 3 and 4 and filter drain 5
mounted on it, without letting fitting pieces rotate;
-
carry out cleaning of the condenser as it is stated above;
-
if necessary, carry out cleaning of CAC radiator;
-
mount the air conditioner condenser back to its place.
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1- bolt; 2- condenser; 3, 4- brackets; 5 filter drain; 6 -fitting piece. Figure 6.4.6 Air conditioner condenser uplift
CORROSIVE DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS SHALL NOT BE USED!
6.4.1.14 Operation 13. Check/cleaning of the engine water radiator and the engine CAC-radiator
Check cleanliness of the hood mask, engine CAC-radiator core and engine water radiator. In case it is clogged, do the following actions:
- uplift the air conditioner condenser as it is stated in clause 6.4.1.13; - carry out CAC-radiator cleaning with compressed air. Direct the air flow perpendicular to the CAC-radiator plane from top downward. In case of severe CAC-radiator clogging, rinse it with hot water under pressure of not more than 0.2 MPa and blow it off by compressed air; - put the air conditioner condenser back to its place; - carry out water radiator cleaning with compressed air. Direct the air flow perpendicular to the water radiator plane from top downward. In case of severe water radiator clogging, rinse it with hot water under pressure of not more than 0.2 MPa and blow it off by compressed air; - radiator cores shall be cleaned both from the hood mask side and from the engine fan side. ALKALINE SOLUTIONS AND CORROSIVE DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS SHALL NOT BE USED! .
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2022.3-0000010 OM 6.4.1.15 Operation 14. Check /rinse of RLL and FLL gripper tools It is required to check the cavity where the hinge joint locking mechanism in gripper tools 1 (figure 6.4.7) of the RLL is located (and FLL if it is mounted). In case of dirt accumulation, clean internal cavities in gripper tools and rinse them with water.
1 gripper tool; 2 link. Figure 6.4.7 RLL (FLL) gripper tool
6.4.1.16 Operation 15. Check of brakes functioning on the move, the engine, steering, light/alarm devices operability. Check of electrical cables condition in the engine compartment
The following tractor operating parameters shall be ensured: - the engine shall operate properly in all modes; - controls, light warning and acoustic alarm devices shall operate properly; - simultaneous engagement of the right and left service brakes. In case the above mentioned conditions are not observed, make the required adjustments or repair of the corresponding tractor systems. Check the condition of the electric wiring and cable harnesses in the engine compartment for presence of abrasion, melting or external insulation destruction. In case the above mentioned failures are detected, it is required to do the following: - restore the damaged parts by means of adhesive polymerized vinyl chloride tape; - eliminate the reason which caused insulation damage (as a rule, insulation damage is caused by violation of electric wiring fixing). 6.4.1.17 Operation 16. Drainage of condensate water from the pneumatic system balloons To drain condensate from balloon 2 (figure 6.4.8) of the pneumatic system, pull ring 1 of the drain valve installed on balloon in the horizontal direction to any side, and hold it till the full drainage of condensate.
1 ring; 2 pneumatic system balloon. Figure 6.4.8 Drainage of condensate water from the pneumatic system balloon
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2022.3-0000010 OM 6.4.1.18 Operation 17. Drainage of condensate water from the radiator tanks of diesel CAC The operation shall be carried out in autumn and winter period every 8-10 hours of tractor operation or on a shift-time basis, and in spring and summer period every 125 hours of tractor operation. In order to drain condensate water from the radiator tank of diesel CAC, it is necessary to do the following actions: - unscrew two plugs 1 (figure 6.4.9) in the lower part of charged air cooler 2; - drain condensate water; - screw in plugs 1.
1 plug; 2 charged air cooler. Figure 6.4.9 Drainage of condensate water from the radiator tanks of diesel CAC
6.4.2 Maintenance service in every 125 hours of operation 6.4.2.1 General instructions Carry out previous operations and the operations specified in subsection 6.4.2.
6.4.2.2 Operation 18. Check of threaded joint tightening of wheel fixing The operation on check of threaded joint tightening of wheel fixing shall be carried out once during the first MS on a shift basis (in 8-10 hours of operation) carried out by a customer and then every 125 hours of operation. Check the tightening of wheel and hub bolt retaining nuts and if necessary, tighten them up: - tightening torque for bolts 3 (figure 6.4.10) of rear wheel hubs shall be from 550 to 600 N·m; - tightening torque of nuts 2 for rear wheels mounting on hubs shall be from 700 to 750 N·m; - tightening torque of nuts 1 for front wheels mounting on reducing gear flanges of FDA shall be from 280 to 320 N·m; - tightening torque of nuts 4 for front wheel disks mounting on rim brackets shall be from 180 to 240 N·m.
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1 nuts for front wheels mounting on reducing gear flanges of FDA; 2 nuts for rear wheels mounting on hubs; 3 bolt for fastening rear wheel hubs; 4 nuts for front wheels mounting on brackets of rim parts.
Figure 6.4.10 Check of threaded joint tightening of wheel mounting
6.4.2.3 Operation 19. Washing of the tractor and cleaning of the cabin interiors Wash the tractor and clean the cabin inside. Before washing the tractor with water jet, stop the engine, put the battery disconnect switch in "OFF" position. While tractor washing, it is necessary to take steps to protect electric and electronic components, plugs and sockets against entry of water jets. It is forbidden to direct water jet onto electric and electronic work-pieces and cable connectors. Maximum water temperature shall not exceed 500. It is forbidden to add corrosive agents (detergents) into water for washing. After tractor washing, clean the electric and electronic work-pieces and cable connectors with compressed air.
6.4.2.4 Operation 20. Check of bolt tightening of CAC air duct clamps Check and if necessary, tighten clamp bolts 1 (figure 3.1.5) of CAC air ducts with torque from 10 to 15 Nm. ATTENTION: AFTER CHECK OF CLAMP BOLTS TIGHTENING TORQUE, IT IS REQUIRED TO CHECK HERMITICITY OF ALL JOINTS OF CAC DUCT. TO DO THIS, INSPECT THE JOINTS OF ALL AIR PIPELINES AND SILICONE CONNECTING PIPES OF THE CAC SYSTEM FOR DAMAGES AND LEAKAGES. IN CASE OF DETECTION ANY FAILURES AND DAMAGES, IT IS REQUIRED TO FIND OUT THE REASON FOR THEIR APPEARANCE AND TAKE MEASURES TO ELIMINATE THEM! IT IS FORBIDDEN TO OPERATE THE TRACTOR WITH THE CAC SYSTEM FAULTY!
6.4.2.5 Operation 21. Check of pneumatic pressure in tires Value pressure in front and rear tires shall be chosen according to the load per single tire, driving speed and operations performed. If it is necessary, bring tire pressure to the required value according to subsection 4.2.8 "Selection of optimal internal pressure in tires, depending on operating conditions and load on tractor axles". ATTENTION: CONTROL AND BRINGING TIRE INTERNAL PRESSURE TO THE NORMAL VALUE, WHEN NEEDED, SHALL BE CARRIED OUT EACH TIME THE TRACTOR CHANGES ONE OPERATION TO ANOTHER AND CHANGES IMPLEMENTS AND MACHINES COUPLED!
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2022.3-0000010 OM 6.4.2.6 Operation 22. Check / adjustment of clutch control Check the condition of the expansion tank, main (forward motion, reverse) and operating cylinders, hydraulic booster and crane. Hydraulic-brake fluid or oil drain is not allowed! Clean the control drive and pedals of clutch control from dirt and foreign objects. Check and adjustment of clutch control if necessary, shall be carried out in accordance with clause 3.2.4.1 "Adjustment of clutch control". Note Adjustment of clutch control shall be carried out when the engine is off, by force of two people. 6.4.2.7 Operation 23. Drainage of sediment from the fuel tank To drain sediment from the fuel tank, it is necessary to do the following: - screw out tank adapter 1 with screw key S 17 (figure 6.4.11), located at the bottom of fuel tank 2; - drain sediment until clean fuel appears; - after clean fuel without water and dirt appears, screw in tank adapter 1.
1 adapter; 2 fuel tank. Figure 6.4.11 Drainage of sediment from the fuel tank
6.4.2.8 Operation 24. Drainage of sediment from the coarse fuel filter To drain sediment from the coarse fuel filter, it is necessary to do the following: - open drain valve 1 (figure 6.4.12) of coarse fuel filter 2; - drain sediment until clean fuel appears, collect the sediment into a special container; - after appearing of clean fuel without water and dirt, close drain valve 1. .
1 drain valve of coarse fuel filter; 2 coarse fuel filter. Figure 6.4.12 Drainage of sediment from the coarse fuel filter
6.4.2.9 Operation 25. Cleaning of filter cartridges of the cab ventilation and air heating systems
The ventilation system filters are mounted at both sides of the tractor cab, as shown in figure 6.4.13. The filter consists of two filter cartridges. .
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To clean the cab ventilation and heating systems filter, it is necessary to do the following: - to get an access to the filter, put a support or a small ladder; - remove two filter caps 1 (figure 6.4.13) from bolts 2 and two filter caps 3 from bolts 4 under the protrusive edge of the cab roof; - remove protection net 5, for which unscrew two bolts 2; - remove frame 8 with filter cartridges 7, for which unscrew two bolts 4 and one bolt 6; - take filter cartridges 7 out of frame 8; - clean the filter cartridge with compressed air under the pressure of not more than 0,1MPa. It is required to hold the pipe head at the distance not closer than 300mm from the filter cartridge in order not to damage it; - mount filter cartridges 7 into frame 8, then mount frame 8 and protection net 5 onto the cab, put caps 1 and 3 on bolts 2 and 4 correspondingly; - perform the above mentioned operations for the filter located at the other side of the tractor cab.
View A
1, 3 filter cap; 2, 4, 6 bolt; 5 protection net; 7 filter cartridge; 8 frame. Figure 6.4.13 Cleaning of the cab ventilation and air heating systems filter
ATTENTION: DO NOT SWITCH ON THE FAN BEFORE CLEANING THE FILTERS AT HIGH HUMIDITY OF THE ENVIRONMENT, FOR EXAMPLE IN THE MORNING, AS IT IS DIFFICULT TO REMOVE DUST FROM A WET PAPER FILTER CARTRIGE!
ATTENTION: DURING TRACTOR OPERATION IN HEAVY DUSTING CONDITIONS, CLEAN THE FILTER EVERY 8-10 HOURS OF OPERATION, I.E. ON A SHIFT BASIS!
6.4.2.10 Operation 26. Check / adjustment of generator and water pump drive belt tension
Generator belt tension is considered normal if its deflection on the crankshaft pulley branch the generator pulley is located within 13-18 mm when pressing it by force of 40±2 N.
Release generator fixing for belt tension adjusting. Adjust belt tension by turning the generator housing. Tighten the tension bolt of the plank and the nuts of generator tension bolts. Belt deflection of the water pump drive shall be within 9-18 mm when pressing the branch water pump pulley crankshaft pulley by force of 39,2±2,0 N.
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2022.3-0000010 OM 6.4.2.11 Operation 27. Check of oil level in the main gear housing and wheelhub drive of the FDA To check oil level in the housings of the main gear and FDA wheel-hub drives, perform the following: - place the tractor at the level horizontal ground, engage the parking brake and lock the wheels against movement by means of anti-recoil limit stops, excluding tractor selfmovement. The engine shall be stopped. - unscrew level check/fill plugs 2 (figure 6.4.14) in the wheel-hub drives casings 3 and a level check/fill plug 5 in the main gear housing; - oil level in the wheel-hub drives and the main gear casings shall reach the lower edges of threaded openings in the plugs 2 and 5 accordingly; - if necessary, refill the oil up to the lower edges of threaded openings in plugs 2 and 5; - insert plugs 2 and 5 in their places.
1, 6 drain plug; 2, 5 level check/fill plug; 3 wheel-hub drive casing; 4 FDA beam
Figure 6.4.14 Check of oil level and change of oil in at FDA reduction gear housing
6.4.2.12 Operation 28. Lubricating of FDA oscillation pin bearings To lubricate bearings 2 (figure 6.4.15) of FDA oscillation pin, it is required to do the following: - clean lubricating box 1 from accumulated dirt and consolidated lubricant; - squirt lubricating box 1 with lubricant until lubrication appears from the clearance spaces between the bearing and the oscillation pin.
1 - lubricating box; 2 - bearings; 3 FDA oscillation pin. Figure 6.4.15 Lubricating of FDA oscillation pin bearings
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2022.3-0000010 OM 6.4.2.13 Operation 29. Lubricating of pivot axis bearing of FDA To lubricate pivot axis bearing 3 of FDA, do the following: - remove caps 1 (figure 5.4.14) from four lubricating boxes 2 of bearings 3; - clean lubricating boxes 2 from accumulated dirt and consolidated lubricant; - squirt lubricating boxes 2 with lubricant making form four to six injections.
1 cap, 2 lubricating box; 3 bearing Figure 6.4.16 Lubricating of pivot axis bearing of FDA 6.4.2.14 Operation 30. Check / adjustment of air conditioner compressor drive belt tension 1. Check of air conditioner compressor drive belt tension: Belt 2 tension (figure 6.4.17) is considered normal if deflection of its side "tension lever pulley compressor pulley" measured in the middle is within 4 to 6 mm when pressing it by force of (39.2r2.0) N. In case this condition is not observed, it is necessary to adjust air conditioner compressor drive belt tension. 2. Adjustment of air conditioner compressor drive belt tension: Adjustment of belt 2 tension (figure 6.4.17) of conditioner compressor 3 shall be carried out by turning tension lever 1 on rotational axis and threaded joint chuck B in slot C of plate D. Belt deflection in response to force of (39.2+2.0) N applied perpendicular to the center of belt side shall be within 4 to 6 mm.
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1 tension lever; 2 belt; 3 compressor. Figure 6.4.17 Adjustment of air conditioner compressor drive belt tension
6.4.3 Maintenance services in every 250 hours of operation 6.4.3.1 General instructions Carry out previous operations and the operations specified in subsection 6.4.3.
6.4.3.2 Operation 31. Maintenance of accumulator batteries Maintenance shall be carried out in every 250 hours of tractor operation, but not less than once in three months. To carry out AB maintenance, perform the following actions: - open the tractor hood; - clean the battery from dirt and dust; - check state of terminals 2 (figure 6.4.18) of the output pin connectors, placed under the protecting cover "A" (figure 6.4.18), and ventilating openings in plugs 1. If necessary, grease the terminals with technical petroleum jelly and clean the ventilating openings; - unscrew plugs 1 of accumulator batteries filler openings and check the following:
1. Electrolyte level if necessary refill the distilled water in order to increase the electrolyte level by 10...15 mm above the protective grid or up to the level of mark on the battery casing.
2. Degree of battery discharge by the electrolyte density - recharge the battery if necessary Degree of battery discharge shall not be lower than 50% in summer and 25% in winter. .
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1 terminal of output pin connector; 2 filler plug. Figure 6.4.18 Maintenance of accumulator batteries
6.4.3.3 Operation 32. Check of oil level in FPTO reducing gear To check the oil level in FPTO reducing gear, perform the following: - place the tractor at the flat horizontal ground, engage the parking brake and lock the wheels against movement by anti-recoil limit stops, excluding tractor self-movement. The engine shall be stopped. - unscrew the level check plug 1 (figure 6.4.19); - oil level shall reach lower edges of the threaded opening of plug 1; - if necessary, unscrew the hook and three bolts for cap 3 fastening, remove cap 3 and refill new oil up to the lower edge of the level check plug 1; - insert plug 1 and mount cap 3 in its place.
1 level check plug; 2 drain plug; 3 cap; 4 FPTO reducing gear. Figure 6.4.19 Check of oil level and oil change in FPTO reducing gear 6.4.3.4 Operation 33. Lubricating of HSC hydraulic cylinders hinge joints To lubricate HSC hydraulic cylinders hinge joints, perform the following: - clean four lubricating boxes 5 (figure 3.14.4), located on hydraulic cylinders hinge joints 3 from accumulated dirt and consolidated lubricant; - squirt lubricating boxes 5 with lubricant until the lubricant appears from the holes. 6.4.3.5 Operation 34. Rinsing of mesh filter of transmission hydraulic system The place of transmission hydraulic system mesh filter location is shown in Figure 3.3.1. To rinse the mesh filter, perform the following actions: - unscrew cap 1 (Figure 6.4.20) of the mesh filter and withdraw the filter assembly pulling the bracket 6;
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2022.3-0000010 OM - disassemble the filter by wrenching counter nut 7 and bracket 6 one-by-one off stud-bolt 9. Remove washer 8, spring 4, piston 5, O-ring 2, filter cartridges 3, and O-ring 2; - rinse the components with diesel fuel until they become clean; - assemble the filter in reverse order, paying attention to obligatory installation of Orings 2 on both sides of filter cartridges set. ATTENTION: SCREW BRAKET 6 (FIGURE 6.4.20) ON STUD-BOLT 9 UNTIL WASHER 8 FULLY FITS PISTON 5 END!
1 cap; 2 O-ring; 3 filter cartridges; 4 spring; 5 piston; 6 bracket; 7 counter nut; 8 washer; 9 stud-bolt.
Figure 6.4.20 Rinsing of mesh filter of transmission hydraulic system
6.4.3.6 Operation 35. Check/adjustment of clearances in steering hinge joints To check the backlash and clearances in steering hinge joints 1 (figure 6.4.22) of the steering link 4, it is necessary to turn the steering wheel to both side when the engine is running. In case the steering wheel angular play is more than 25° as indicated in Figure 6.4.21, it is required to eliminate the steering hinge joints play performing the following actions: - stop the engine; - remove locking wire 3 (figure 6.4.22); - screw threaded plug 2 to remove the steering hinge joints play; - locknut plug 2 with wire 3. If the steering joints play can not be eliminated by tightening of threaded joints, take the hinge joint to pieces and replace worn-out parts. Besides, weak tightening of castle nuts of cone-shaped pins may be a reason for increased steering wheel play angle of HSC hydraulic cylinders.
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Figure 6.4.21 Check of clearance in steering hinge joints
1 hinge joint; 2 plug; 3 locking wire; 4 steering link. Figure 6.4.22 Maintenance of steering hinge joints
6.4.3.7 Operation 36. Check and adjustment of wheels toe-in Adjustment of front wheels toe-in is carried out to prevent the front tires from premature breakdown. ATTENTION: CHECK AND ADJUSTMENT OF FRONT WHEELS TOE-IN SHALL BE CARRIED OUT IN EVERY 250 HOURS OF TRACTOR OPERATION, AND AFTER EACH TIME THE FRONT WHEELS TRACK WIDTH IS CHANGED. BEFORE CHECKING THE FRONT WHEELS TOE-IN, CHECK AND ADJUST, IF NECESSARY, THE STEERING JOINTS PLAYS! To make adjustments, perform the following: 1. Ensure that there is no clearance space in the steering joints, centre bearings and wheels. 2. Set the front wheels in straight position by way of running the tractor straight ahead for not less than 3 meters along the horizontal flat ground. Engage the parking break to avoid tractor movement.
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2022.3-0000010 OM 3. Measure distance "" (figure 6.4.23) between rim edges of front wheels 1 and 5 (figure 6.4.23) on wheel centre level at the front and make visible marks in locations of measurements. 4. Disengage the parking brake, drive the tractor ahead in a way that the front wheels turn by half revolution and measure distance "B" between rim edges on wheel centre level from behind in the point determined and marked before. 5. If the value ("B"-"") ranges within 0 to 8 mm that means that the toe-in is correctly adjusted. If the value ("B"-"") is lower 0 or more than 8 mm, perform the following: ) leaving the tractor position unchanged, unscrew nuts 2 and 4; b) rotating steering link tube 3 try to get value ("B"-"") ranging within 0 to 8 mm; c) repeat operations, described in subclauses 4 and 5. d) if value ("B"-"") falls within the limits of 0 to 8 mm, tighten steering link nuts 2 and 4 with torque of 100 to 140 N·m, leaving steering link length unchanged.
B
1, 5 front wheel rim edge; 2, 4 lock nuts; 3 adjusting pipe. Figure 6.4.23 Front wheels toe-in adjustment scheme
6.4.3.8 Operation 37. Lubrication of clutch release yoke bearing To lubricate clutch release yoke bearing perform the following: - unscrew plug 1 (figure 6.4.24) of the left side of clutch case 2; - insert a tip of grease gun into the hole; - perform from 4 to 6 injections of grease through the lubrication box screwed into body of clutch release for lubrication of clutch release bearing, specified in table 6.4 of this manual.
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Figure 6.4.24 Lubrication of clutch release yoke bearing ATTENTION: DO NOT INJECT TOO MUCH GREASE AS EXCESSIVE GREASE WILL ACCUMULATE INSIDE THE CLUTCH CASE AND MAY GET INTO FRICTION SURFACE OF DRIVEN DISK FRICTION FACINGS!
6.4.3.9 Operation 38. Cleaning of rotor wheel of centrifugal oil filter of GB Unscrew nut 1 (figure 6.4.25) and remove cap 2. By screw key 4 and screwdriver 5 remove rotor bowl 3. Remove cover 6, propeller 7 and mesh filter 8. Rinse mesh filter 8 with diesel fuel. Remove sediment layer from inner walls of rotor bowl 3. Lubricate rubber O-ring with engine oil. During assembly match index line and rotor body. Tighten nut 1 with torque from 35 to 50 N·m.
1 nut; 2 cap; 3 rotor bowl; 4 key; 5 screwdriver; 6 cover; 7 propeller; 8 mesh filter.
Figure 6.4.25 Cleaning of rotor wheel of centrifugal oil filter of GB ATTENTION: CENTRIFUGAL OIL FILTER OF GB IS CONSIDERED TO BE PROPERLY OPERATING IF AFTER THE HEATED-UP DIESEL ENGINE HAS BEEN STOPPED, SOUND FROM ROTOR ROTATION IS HEARD FOR 30 TO 60 SECONDS!
6.4.3.10 Operation 39. Change of engine oil filter Oil filter change shall be carried out together with oil change in the diesel crankcase in the following order: - unscrew filter 035-1012005 from adapter 3 (figure 6.4.26) using a special key or other devices at hand; - screw in a new filter 035-1012005 onto the adapter. While mounting a filter onto the adapter, it is required to grease gasket 4 with engine oil. After the gasket touches filter casing 1 bearing surface, screw in the filter again for 3/4 revolutions. The filter shall be mounted onto the casing with manual efforts only. For filter changing, an oil filter 035-1012005 shall be primarily used. Instead of filter 035-1012005 it is possible to mount filters of non-dismountable type having in their construction anti-drainage and overflow valves with basic overall dimensions: - diameter - 95...105 mm; - height - 140...160 mm; - thread - .3/4"-16UNF.
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1 filter casing; 2 filter; 3 adapter; 4 filter gasket; 5 anti-drainage valve; 6 spring; 7 overflow valve.
Figure 6.4.26 Oil filter
6.4.3.11 Operation 40. Cleaning of centrifugal oil filter rotor of the engine Cleaning of centrifugal oil filter rotor of the engine shall be carried out together with oil change in the diesel crankcase. To clean the centrifugal oil filter rotor, it is required to do the following: - unscrew nut 1 (figure 6.4.27) and remove cover 2; - insert screwdriver 5 or a cane between filter casing and rotor bottom to prevent
rotor 9 from rotating, and turning the rotor nut by means of key 4, remove rotor bowl 3; - remove cap 6, propeller 7 and mesh filter 8 of the rotor; - remove sediment from inner walls of the rotor bowl by means of a non-metallic scraper; - clean all the parts, rinse them in a cleaning solution and blow them with compressed air; - assemble the filter performing disassembling operations in the reverse order. Before assembling rotor casing and bowl, grease the O-ring with engine oil; - match the balance marks on the rotor casing and bowl; - screw in the bowl retaining nut with little effort until the bowl fully sets onto the rotor; - the rotor shall rotate freely, without jamming; - mount cover 2 and tighten nut 1 with the torque from 35 to 50 Nm. Note After the engine stop, noise from the rotating rotor shall be heard for 30-60 sec which indicates that the filter is operating normally.
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1 nut; 2 cover; 3 rotor bowl; 4 nut key, 5 screwdriver (cane); 6 cap; 7 propeller; 8 mesh filter; 9 rotor.
Figure 6.4.27 Cleaning of centrifugal oil filter rotor of the engine 6.4.3.12 Operation 41. Oil change in the engine Before oil change, it is required to heat the engine up to the normal operating temperature (at least 70° ), set the chassis on the level ground, stop the engine and brake the chassis with the parking brake. For oil change in the engine crankcase, it is required to do the following: - remove cap 2 (figure 6.4.28) of oil filler neck and unscrew drain plug 4; - drain oil into the container for exhaust oil storage; - put drain plug 4 to its place and fill fresh clean engine oil (winter oil in accordance
with table 6.4 in winter, summer oil in summer) through oil filler neck 1 up to the top mark of dipstick 3; - put cap 2 of the oil filler neck to its place; - start the engine and let it work during one or two minutes; - in ten minutes after the engine stop, check oil level by means of dipstick 3; - if necessary, refill oil to the engine crankcase.
1 oil filler neck; 2 cap; 3 oil gauge, 4 drain plug Figure 6.4.28 Oil change in the engine
WARNING: BE CAUTIOUS TO AVOID ANY CONTACT WITH HOT OIL!
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gine way:
6.4.3.13 Operation 42. Drainage of sediment from the fine fuel filter of the en-
Drainage of sediment from the fine fuel filter shall be carried out in the following
- release plug for air outlet 2 (figure 6.4.29) for 1...2 revolutions; - unscrew plug 3 in the lower part of the filter and drain sediment until clean fuel
appears, sediment shall be collected into a special container; - screw in plugs 2 and 3; - fill the system with fuel (bleed the fuel system) in accordance with clause 6.4.4.14
"Operation 56. Change of the cartridge in the fine fuel filter ".
1 fine fuel filter; 2 plug for air outlet; 3 plug for sediment drainage. Figure 6.4.29 Drainage of sediment from the fine fuel filter of diesel
6.4.3.14 Operation 43. Alternator and starter maintenance Clean the alternator and the starter from accumulated dirt and dust. Check the tension of the starter retaining bolts, if necessary tighten them. Skin wire ends to the starter terminals and tighten their fixing. Check and if necessary tighten retaining bolts 2 (figure 6.4.30) of alternator 3. Check the state and tightening force of three terminal joints 1 of the alternator. If required, skin and tighten them.
1 terminal joints; 2 alternator retaining bolts; 3 alternator. Figure 6.4.30 Alternator maintenance
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2022.3-0000010 OM 6.4.4 Maintenance services in every 500 hours of operation 6.4.4.1 General instructions Carry out previous operations and the operations specified in subsection 6.4.4. 6.4.4.2 Operation 44. Cleaning of filter cartridge of air pressure regulating filter To clean filter cartridge of air pressure regulating filter 3 (Figure 6.4.31) in the pneumatic system, perform the following actions: - unscrew bolts 1 and remove cap 2; - withdraw the filter cartridge, rinse it with cleaning solution and blow it off with compressed air; - insert the filter cartridge and then mount the cap in its place.
1 bolt, 2 cap; 3 air pressure regulator in the pneumatic system. Figure 6.4.31 Cleaning of filter cartridge of air pressure regulating filter Note Cleaning of filter cartridge of air pressure regulating filter of pneumatic system is carried out only on regulator 80-3512010. Designation mark of air pressure regulating valve is located on the top side of the regulating valve housing.
6.4.4.3 Operation 45. Adjustment of service brake control Check and adjust if necessary service brake control. The rules for adjustment of service brake control of tractor "BELARUS1822.3/2022.3" are given in subsection 3.8.3 "Adjustment of tractor "BELARUS1822.3/2022.3" service brake". The rules for adjustment of service brake control of tractor "BELARUS1822.3/2022.3" are given in subsection 3.8.5 "Adjustment of tractor "BELARUS1822.3/2022.3" service brake".
6.4.4.4 Operation 46. Adjustment of parking brake control Check and adjust if necessary parking brake control, as specified in subsection 3.8.7 "Adjustment of parking brake actuator".
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6.4.4.5 Operation 47. Check of the pneumatic system main lines hermiticity To check the pneumatic system main lines hermiticity, perform the following: - adjust pressure in the pneumatic system up to the value of 0.6 to 0.65 MP (according to the air pressure gauge mounted on the gauge board) and stop the engine; - if a double-line or combined actuator is installed, connect a manometer scaled not less than 1 MPa to a coupling head with red cap; - if a single-line actuator is installed, connect a manometer scaled not less than 1 MPa to a coupling head with black cap; - check according to the manometer that the air pressure drop does not exceed 0.2 MPa during 30 min. Otherwise it is required to detect air leakage and correct the trouble.
6.4.4.6 Operation 48. Adjustment of pneumatic system brake valve actuators Check and adjust if necessary brake valve actuators, as specified in subsection 3.9.4.2 "Check and adjustment of single-line and double-line pneumatic system brake valve actuators".
6.4.4.7 Operation 49. Check of all air cleaner joints and inlet chain hermiticity To check hermiticity of all air cleaner joints and inlet chain, it is required to use the device -4870 GOSNITI. In case this device is not available, check hermiticity visually. Damaged joining elements shall be replaced. ATTENTION: TRACTOR OPERATION WITH NON-TIGHT INLET CHAIN IS FORBIDDEN. Depressurizing of air supply circuit to the turbocharger can have negative influence on the clogging indicator data reliability in the result of which a significant amount of unclean air containing high dust concentration can get into the cylinders through the turbocharger. Dust ingress into oil leads to increased wear of the engine cylinder-piston group.
6.4.4.8 Operation 50. Lubricating of RLL turning shaft bushings To lubricate RLL turning shaft bushings, perform the following actions: - clean lubricating boxes 1 and 3 (figure 6.4.32) mounted in the upper cover of rear axle from accumulated dirt and consolidated lubricant; - squirt lubricating boxes 1 and 3 with a lubricant until the lubricant appears from the holes.
1, 3 lubricating boxes; 2 electrohydraulic unit. Figure 6.4.32 Lubricating of RLL turning shaft bushings
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2022.3-0000010 OM 6.4.4.9 Operation 51. Check/adjust wheel-hub drive bearings of FDA The clearance between bearings 1, 9 (figure 6.4.33) of driving gear 2 shall not exceed 0.05 mm. If necessary, make adjustment by changing the quantity of slitted gaskets 4 between bowl 3 and the housing. Bearings 8, 10 of pivot axle 6, 11 shall have standoff. If necessary, adjust in the following way: - unscrew four bolts 5 and screw two of them in disassembly holes in axle 6 in order to put the axle forward and release gaskets 7; - remove the required number of gaskets and mount axle 6 back in its place, tightening bolts 5. Bearings standoff shall ensure that effort for cam turning applied to flange 12 is within 60 to 80 N.
1 bearing; 2 driving gear; 3 bowl; 4 slitted gaskets; 5 bolt; 6 pivot axle; 7 gaskets; 8, 9, 10 bearing; 11 pivot axle; 12 flange.
Figure 6.4.33 Check/adjustment of wheel-hub drive bearings of FDA 6.4.4.10 Operation 52. Check of clearance spaces in reducing gear flange bearings of FDA Hang out the front wheel and swinging it back and forth ensure that it has no axial clearance in bearings 1 and 3 (figure 6.4.34) of flange 4. In case axial clearance is detected, carry out adjustment of bearings by tightening nut 2 with torque from 180 to 200 N·m with further turning it for the angle from 15° to 20°. Nut collar 2 shall be centerpunched into flange groove 4.
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1, 3 bearings; 2 nut, 4 flange Figure 6.4.34 Check of clearance spaces in reducing gear flange bearing of FDA
6.4.4.11 Operation 53. Rinse of HLL oil tank breather Perform the following actions: - clean the place of breather installation on HLL oil tank 4 (figure 6.4.35); - disassemble breather by turning plug 2, withdraw washers 1 and filter 3. - rinse the abovementioned parts in pure diesel fuel; - blow off plug and washers, squeeze and dry filter; - put the parts back in their places, tighten plug with torque from 25 to 35 N·m.
1 washers; 2 plug; 3 filter; 4 HLL tank. Figure 6.4.35 Rinse of HLL oil tank breather 6.4.4.12 Operation 54. Cleaning and lubricating the FPTO sline joints Lubricate spline joints "", "B" and "C" (figure 6.4.36) with graphite grease according to GOST 3333-80 or similar.
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B
C
Figure 6.4.36 Scheme of lubricating the FPTO spline joints
6.4.4.13 Operation 55. Check / adjustment of clearances between the engine
valves and rocking arms
It is required to check clearances between the valves and engine rocking arms and
adjust them if necessary after every 500 hours of operation as well as after removing cyl-
inders head, tightening of cylinder head retaining bolts and when valve knock appears.
The clearance between the rocking arm head and the valve stem end when check-
ing at cold diesel (CL and oil temperature not more than 60 q) shall be:
1) inlet valves - 0,2500,,1005 mm;
2) outlet valves -
0,45
0,05 0,10
mm.
While making adjustments, the clearance between the valve stem end and the rocking arm head on cold diesel shall be set:
1) inlet valves 0,250,05 mm; 2) outlet valves - 0,450,05 mm.
The adjustment shall be made in the following order: - remove covers of cylinder head caps and check tightening of retaining bolts and nuts of
rocker arm shaft supports; - turn the crankshaft until the valves in the first cylinder overlap (the first cylinder inlet
valve starts to open, and the outlet valve starts to close); - adjust the clearances in the third, fifth, seventh, tenth, eleventh and twelfth valves
(starting to count from the fan), then turn the crankshaft for one revolution setting overlap in the sixth cylinder, and adjust the clearances in the first, second, forth, sixth, eighth and ninth valves.
To make adjustments, release safety nut 2 of adjusting screw 3 according to figure 6.4.37, and by turning up and off the screw set the required clearance according to clearance gauge 1 between the rocking arm head and the valve stem end.
After setting the clearance, tighten the nut and check the clearance by means of the gauge again turning the bar. Upon finishing clearance adjustment in the valves, put the covers of cylinder head caps back in their places.
Valves can also be adjusted on each cylinder with the shaft being located in the top dead center.
For doing this, turn the crankshaft until the first cylinder shaft sets into the top dead center which corresponds to the end of compression stroke (the adjusting pin pointer on
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2022.3-0000010 OM the cap of gas distribution gears and the mark of top dead center on the scale of torque vibration damper housing match), and adjust the clearance in the first cylinder valves.
Turn the crankshaft for 1/3 of a revolution and adjust the clearance in the fifth cylinder valves, i.e. clearance in the valves shall be adjusted in the order corresponding to the cylinder operation procedure (1-5-3-6-2-4), turning the crankshaft clockwise for 1/3 of a revolution.
1 clearance gauge; 2 safety nut; 3 adjusting screw. Figure 6.4.37 Adjustment of clearance in the valves
6.4.4.14 Operation 56. Change of fine fuel filter cartridge Change of fine fuel filter cartridge shall be carried out in the following order: - drain fuel from the filter by removing plug 4 (figure 6.4.38) in the lower part of the
housing, unscrew retaining nuts of the cap and remove cap 1; - withdraw filter cartridge 2 from the housing; - rinse the internal space of filter housing 3 with diesel fuel; - assemble the filter with the new filter cartridge; - fill the system with fuel (bleed the fuel system).
1 filter cap; 2 filter cartridge; 3 filter housing; 4 plug. Figure 6.4.38 Change of fine fuel filter cartridge
Note While carrying out MS-3, change of fine fuel filter cartridge shall be made only after cleaning coarse fuel filter.
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To fill fuel system, it is required to discharge air from it (bleed the fuel system), for which do the following:
- unscrew plug 4 (figure 6.4.39) on the cap of filter 3. Bleed the system by means of priming pump 2. When fuel without air bubbles appears, screw in plug 4;
- unscrew plug 1 on the fuel pump housing. Bleed the system by means of priming pump 2. When fuel without air bubbles appears, screw in plug 1.
Fuel drain into the tank
Fuel drain into the tank
FIPG manufactured by "Motorpal"
FIPG manufactured by "YAZDA"
1 plug for air discharge on fuel injection pump group (FIPG); 2 priming pump; 3 dismountable fuel filter; 4 plug.
Figure 6.4.39 Bleeding of fuel system
6.4.4.15 Operation 57. Change of HLL exchangeable filter cartridge The first and second change of HLL exchangeable filter cartridges shall be carried out in every 500 hours of tractor operation. Further change shall be carried out in every 1000 hours of operation simultaneously with change of oil. To change HLL exchangeable filter cartridge, it is required to perform the following: - unscrew retaining bolts 2 (figure 6.4.40) of caps 4 and remove cap 4 assembled with plug 3, valve 1 and clutch of free drain; - withdraw filter cartridge 5; - disconnect tube 7; - clean the internal space of bowl 6; - insert a new filter cartridge 5; - put cap 4 back in its place assembled, tightening bolts 3; - check oil level in HLL tank as specified in clause 6.4.1.4, refill the oil if necessary; - connect tube 7. .
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1 valve; 2 bolt; 3 plug; 4 cap; 5 filter cartridge; 6 bowl; 7 tube. Figure 6.4.40 Change of HLL exchangeable filter cartridge
6.4.4.16 Operation 58. Change of HSC tank exchangeable filter cartridge The first and second change of exchangeable filter cartridges of HSC tank shall be carried out in every 500 hours of tractor operation. Further change shall be carried out in every 1000 hours of operation simultaneously with change of oil. To change HSC tank exchangeable filter cartridge, it is required to perform the following: - unscrew four bolts 4 (figure 6.4.41) and remove cover 2 with the filter cartridge and bowl assembled; - unscrew two bolts 3 and disconnect the filter cartridge from the bowl; - clean the internal space of the bowl; - insert a new filter cartridge and assemble a cover with the filter cartridge and the bowl fixing them by means of bolts 3; - insert the filter cartridge assembled into the oil tank housing and tighten bolts 4; - check oil level and if necessary refill the oil removing plug 1.
1 plug; 2 cover; 3,4 bolt; 5 HSC tank. Figure 6.4.41 Change of HSC tank exchangeable filter cartridge
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2022.3-0000010 OM 6.4.5 Maintenance service in every 1000 hours of operation 6.4.5.1 General instructions Carry out previous operations and the operations specified in subsection 6.4.5. 6.4.5.2 Operation 59. Change of oil in HLL tank Before changing oil, in order to warm up the oil in HLL systems up to standard operating temperature, run the engine and set any of the hydraulic outputs control levers in the "Uplift" position and keep it in this position until the oil in HLL is warmed up. To change the oil in the HLL tank, perform the following actions: - put the tractor on level flat surface, set the RLL links into the extreme lower position, engage the parking brakes on and stop the engine; - unscrew the plug of the oil filler 2 (figure 6.4.42) and drain plug 1 of the oil tank, drain the oil into a special tank for exhaust oil; - insert drain plug 1 back in its place and fill the system with new oil up to the required mark "" according to oil-level gauge 3; - insert oil filler plug 2 back in its place.
1 drain plug; 2 oil filler plug; 3 oil-level gauge. Figure 6.4.42 Change of oil in HLL tank
If the tractor operates with implements which require increased oil consumption, fill oil up to mark "" of oil-level gauge with the rods of the coupled implement hydraulic cylinders being retracted.
ATTENTION: OIL CHANGE OPERATION IN THE HLL SYSTEM TANK SHALL BE CARRIED OUT ONLY WITH RLL AND FLL CYLINDER RODS AS WELL AS THE RODS OF THE COUPLED WITH THE TRACTOR IMPLEMENTS BEING RETRACTED!
WARNING: BE CAREFUL IN ORDER TO AVOID CONTACT WITH HOT OIL!
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6.4.5.3 Operation 60. Change of oil in HSC tank Before changing oil, in order to warm up the oil in HSC system set the steering wheel into the extreme position with the engine running and keep it in this position until the oil is warmed up to the temperature not less than 45 °. To change the oil in HSC tank, perform the following actions: - put the tractor on level flat surface, engage the parking brakes and stop the engine; - unscrew filler plug 2 (figure 6.4.43) and drain plug 4 of the oil tank, drain the oil into a special tank for exhaust oil; - insert drain plug 4 back in its place and fill the system with new oil up to the top mark on oil dipstick 1; - insert oil filler plug 2 back in its place.
1 oil dipstick; 2 - plug; 3 HSC tank; 4 drain plug. Figure 6.4.43 Change of oil in HSC tank
WARNING: BE CAREFUL IN ORDER TO AVOID CONTACT WITH HOT OIL!
6.4.5.4 Operation 61. Change of oil in the transmission line Note Change of oil in the transmission line is carried out during seasonal maintenance service, but not less than in 1000 hours of tractor operation.
Before changing oil, warm up the transmission line up to the normal operating temperature by means of driving the tractor.
To change the oil in the transmission line, perform the following actions: - place the tractor on level horizontal ground, engage the parking brake and lock the wheels against movement with anti-recoil limit stops, excluding tractor self-movement. The engine shall be stopped; - remove cover 3 of oil filler neck, located on the right side of clutch housing; - unscrew drain plugs 1 of the transmission (figure 6.4.44) and drain plugs of semiaxle tubes 2, drain oil from gear-box housings, rear axle and final drive tubes; - insert drain plugs 1 and 2 back in their places; - fill the system with new oil through the oil filler neck up to the required mark "" according to the oil-level gauge and place cover 3 back in its place; - warm up the transmission line up to the normal operating temperature by means of driving the tractor and check oil level. Refill new oil up to mark "" if necessary.
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1 transmission drain plugs; 2 semi-axle tube drain plug; 3 filler neck cover.
Figure 6.4.44 Change of oil in the transmission line WARNING: BE CAREFUL IN ORDER TO AVOID CONTACT WITH HOT OIL!
6.4.5.5 Operation 62. Change of oil in the main gear housing and wheel-hub drive housings of FDA
Before changing oil, warm up the main gear housing up to the normal operating temperature by means of driving the tractor.
To change oil in the housings, perform the following actions: - place the tractor on level horizontal ground, engage the parking brake and lock the wheels against movement with anti-recoil limit stops excluding tractor self-movement. The engine shall be stopped; - unscrew level check/fill plug 5 (figure 6.4.14) and drain plug 6 of the main gear housing, drain the oil from the main gear housing; - unscrew level check/fill plugs 2 and drain plugs 1 of wheel-hub drive housings 3, drain the oil from wheel-hub drive housing 3; - screw drain plugs 1 and 6; - fill in new oil through the hole in the level check/fill plug 5 up to the lower edge of the hole in plug 5 in the main gear housing; - fill in new oil through the hole in the level check/fill plug 2 up to the lower edge of the hole in plug 2 in the wheel-hub drive casing; - screw in plugs 2 and 5.
WARNING: BE CAREFUL IN ORDER TO AVOID CONTACT WITH HOT OIL!
6.4.5.6 Operation 63. Change of oil in the FPTO reducing gear Before changing oil ensure that FPTO reducing gear is connected to the engine crankshaft. Warm up the oil in FPTO reducing gear up to the normal operating temperature by means of starting the engine and warming it up to the standard operating temperature. To change the oil in the FPTO reducing gear, perform the following actions: - place the tractor on level horizontal ground, engage the parking brake and lock the wheels against movement with anti-recoil limit stops excluding tractor self-movement. The engine shall be stopped. - unscrew plugs 1 and 2 (figure 6.4.19), remove cap 3 by unscrewing four bolts, then drain the oil from the FPTO reducing gear; - screw in drain plug 2; - fill in new oil through the hole in plug 3 up to the lower edge of the level check plug hole 1; - screw in level check plug 1 and the put cap 3 back in its place. WARNING: BE CAREFUL IN ORDER TO AVOID CONTACT WITH HOT OIL!
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6.4.5.7 Operation 64. Change of hydraulic-brake fluid in the clutch control drive
WARNING: EXCLUDE CONTACT OF HYDRAULIC-BRAKE FLUID WITH EYES AND UNCOVERED SKIN AREAS!
ATTENTION: EXCLUDE INGRESS OF MINERAL OIL, PETROLEUM, KEROSINE AND DIESEL FUEL INTO HYDRAULIC-BRAKE FLUID, AS THESE SUBSTANCES RESULT IN SWELL OF RUBBER GASKETS!
To change hydraulic-brake fluid in the clutch control drive of tractors "BELARUS1822.3/2022.3", it is required to do the following:
1. Drain hydraulic-brake fluid from the hydraulic system performing the following actions:
- unscrew tank cap 1 (figure 3.2.6) of the forward motion main cylinder 11 and open casing 17 of reverse main cylinder 23;
- dismount safety cap 32 from bypass valve 33; - put the rubber hose on the bypass valve dipping its loose end into an empty container; - turn bypass valve 33 for one revolution; - press clutch pedal for forward motion 7 several times until the hydraulic-brake fluid is fully extracted from the forward motion hydraulic system; - press reverse clutch pedal 24 several times until the hydraulic-brake fluid is fully extracted from the reverse hydraulic system; - screw in bypass valve 33, dismount the hose, put on safety cap 32 back in its place. 2. Fill tank 1 of forward motion main cylinder 11 with hydraulic-brake fluid up to mark "Max" on the tank and the compensation chamber of reverse main cylinder 23 with hydraulic-brake fluid up to the level 10...15mm from the compensation chamber upper edge. 3. Bleed the hydraulic system of clutch control according to clause 3.2.4.2 of subsection 3.2.4 "Clutch control adjustment" 4. Put tank cap 1 and casing 17 back in their places. Change of hydraulic-brake fluid in the clutch control drive on tractors "BELARUS1822.3/2022.3" is carried out in a similar way with the exception of the actions connected with hydraulic-brake fluid draining and filling, and bleeding of the clutch control hydraulic system for reverse for the reason of absence of the reverse control station on tractors "BELARUS-1822.3/2022.3" and accordingly absence of clutch control hydraulic system circuit for reverse.
6.4.5.8 Operation 65. Change of hydraulic-brake fluid in the brake control drive
WARNING: EXCLUDE CONTACT OF HYDRAULIC-BRAKE FLUID WITH EYES AND UNCOVERED SKIN AREAS!
ATTENTION: EXCLUDE INGRESS OF MINERAL OIL, PETROLEUM, KEROSINE AND DIESEL FUEL INTO HYDRAULIC-BRAKE FLUID, AS THESE SUBSTANCES RESULT IN SWELL OF THE RUBBER GASKETS!
To change hydraulic-brake fluid in brake control hydraulic system on tractors "BELARUS-1822.3/2022.3", perform the following:
1. Drain hydraulic-brake fluid from the hydraulic system performing the following actions:
- unscrew tank caps 3, 4 (figure 3.8.5) of main brake cylinders 1 and 2; - remove safety caps from the adapters of left and right operating brake cylinders 1 and 9 (figure 3.8.2);
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- put the hoses on both adapters one by one (beginning from the left) or synchronously, dipping their loose ends into empty containers;
- turn both adapters for ½ of a revolution; - press pedals 5 and 6 (figure 3.8.5) synchronously until the fluid is fully extracted from the hydraulic system; - screw in both adapters, dismount the hoses, put on safety caps back in their places. 2. Fill tanks 3, 4 of main brake cylinders 1 and 2 with the hydraulic-brake fluid up to mark "Max" on the tanks. 3. Bleed the hydraulic system of brake control according to Operation No.4 of subsection 3.8.3 "Service brake adjustment of "BELARUS-1822.3/2022.3". 4. Put the tank caps of main brake cylinders back in their places.
To change hydraulic-brake fluid in brake control hydraulic system on tractors "BELARUS-1822.3/2022.3", perform the following:
1. Drain hydraulic-brake fluid from the hydraulic system performing the following actions:
- unscrew tank caps 3, 4 (figure 3.8.5) of main brake cylinders 1, 2 and remove protective cover 2 (figure 3.8.8) of main brake cylinder for reverse 3;
- remove safety caps from the adapters of left and right operating brake cylinders 16 and 18 (figure 3.8.6);
- put the hoses on both adapters one by one (beginning from the left) or synchronously, dipping their loose ends into empty containers;
- turn both adapters for ½ of a revolution; - press pedals 5 and 6 (figure 3.8.5) synchronously until the fluid is fully extracted from the hydraulic system; - press reverse pedal 1 (figure 3.8.8) of main brake cylinder for reverse 3 until the fluid is fully extracted from the hydraulic system; - screw in adapters of right and left operating brake cylinders, dismount the hoses, put safety caps back in their places. 2. Fill tanks 3, 4 (figure 3.8.5) of main brake cylinders 1 and 2 with the hydraulicbrake fluid up to mark "Max" on the tanks. 3. Fill compensation chamber "B" of main brake cylinder for reverse 3 (figure 3.8.8) with hydraulic-brake fluid up to the level of 10...15mm from the upper edge. 4. Bleed the hydraulic systems of brake control for forward motion and for reverse according to Operation No.4 of subsection 3.8.3 "Service brake adjustment of "BELARUS1822.3/2022.3" and Operation No.3 of subsection 3.8.5 "Service brake adjustment of "BELARUS-1822.3/2022.3" correspondingly. 5. Put tank caps of main brake cylinders back on their places and put the protective cover of the main brake cylinder for reverse.
6.4.5.9 Operation 66. Lubrication of bushings of FLL front link oscillation pin To lubricate bushings of FLL front link oscillation pin, perform the following: - clean two lubricating boxes 1 (figure 6.4.45), located on the block of FLL lower links 2, from accumulated dirt and consolidated lubricant; - squirt lubricating boxes 1 with a lubricant until the lubrication appears from the holes.
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1 lubricating boxes; 2 oscillating pin of FLL front links. Figure 6.4.45 Lubrication of FLL turning shaft bushings
6.4.5.10 Operation 67. Change of lubrication in steering joints To change lubrication in steering joints, it is required to do the following: - remove locking wire 3 (figure 6.4.22); - unscrew threaded plug 2; - remove lubrication from joints 1; - fill joints with new lubrication specified in table 6.4; - screw in threaded plug 2 so that there is no clearance space in the hinge joint; - lock plug 2 with wire 3.
6.4.5.11 Operation 68. Check and adjustment of pneumatic system pressure regulator
Check and adjust if necessary pneumatic pressure regulator as indicated in subsection 3.9.5 "Check and adjustment of pneumatic system pressure regulator".
6.4.5.12 Operation 69. Tightening of cylinder head retaining bolts Tightening of cylinder head retaining bolts shall be carried out on the warmed-up engine in the following order: - remove covers and caps of cylinder heads; - remove rocking arm shafts with rocking arms and supports; - carry out tightening of all cylinder head retaining bolts by means of a torque
wrench, releasing them for 1/6 of a revolution before that, with the torque 210r10 N·m in the order specified in figure 6.4.46. After tightening cylinder head retaining bolts, put rocking arm shafts back on their places and adjust the clearance between rocking arms and valves in accordance with clause 6.4.4.13 "Operation 55. Check / adjustment of clearances between the engine valves and rocking arms." Put cylinder head caps and cap covers back on their places.
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Figure 6.4.46 Sequence scheme of cylinder head retaining bolts tightening
6.4.5.13 Operation 70. Rinse of coarse fuel filter Rinse of coarse fuel filter shall be carried out in the following order: - unscrew the nuts of the bowl retaining bolts; - remove bowl 1 (figure 6.4.47); - take off deflector with a net 2 by means of a key; - remove the disperser; - rinse the deflector with a net, the disperser and fuel bowl in diesel fuel and put them back on their places.
1 bowl; 2 deflector with a net; 3 filter housing Figure 6.4.47 Rinse of coarse fuel filter
According to clause 6.4.4.14 "Operation 56. Change of fine fuel filter cartridge", change the fine fuel filter cartridge and fill the system with fuel (bleed the fuel system).
6.4.5.14 Operation 71. Check/retorque of tractor external threaded joints Check and tighten up if necessary the following most important threaded joints: 1 engine -- semi-frame; 2 - semi-frame -- clutch housing; 3 - rear plate clutch housing; 4 - clutch housing -- gearbox housing; 5 - gearbox housing -- rear axle body; 6 - rear axle body --semi-axis tubes; 7 - RLL buckle brackets -- rear axle semi-axis tubes; 8 - eye end fastenings in RLL lower links; 9 - cab front and rear supports; 10 - FDA body -- central reducing gear; 11 - pivot axis -- wheel-hub drive; 12 hydraulic steering cylinder pins; 13 - ball pins of steering link; 14 - locking nuts of the steering link tube.
1. Check and tighten up if necessary two bolts M16 (by one bolt on each side) fastening the engine to the semi-frame with torque of 160 to 200 Nm.
2. Check and tighten up if necessary six accessible bolts 16 fastening the semiframe to the clutch case with torque of 160 to 200 Nm.
3. Check and tighten up if necessary four bolts 12 fastening rear plate to the clutch case with torque from 70 to 80 N·m.
4. Check and tighten up if necessary nine bolts 20 and one nut at the joint of the gearbox case and the clutch case with torque of 300 to 400 Nm.
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5. Check and tighten up if necessary nine accessible bolts 18 and three nuts at the joint of the gearbox case and the rear axle housing with torque of 315 to 400 Nm.
6. Check and tighten up if necessary thirty six bolts 16 at both joints of the rear axle housing and the semi-axle tube (by eighteen bolts on each side) with torque from 160 to 200 Nm.
7. Check and tighten up if necessary eight bolts 20 (by four bolts on each side) fastening RLL brace brackets to rear semi-axle tubes with torque from 250 to 300 Nm;
8. Check and tighten up if necessary two castle nuts 27 (by one nut on each link) fastening eye ends to the lower link, for which perform the following actions:
- unfasten cotter pins holding castle nuts; - tighten up two castle nuts with torque from 30 to 50 Nm, - then turn each castle nut further till the nearest slot on the nut matches the pin bore, and then fasten it with a cotter pin. 9. Check and tighten up if necessary the accessory fastening the cab mounting supports (front and rear) to the tractor frame. Sixteen bolts M16 shall be tightened with torque from 160 to 200 Nm (by four bolts per each supporting bracket). Visually inspect the reliability of locking with a locking pin of the castle nut M20 fastening the cab vibration isolator (four places). 10. Check and tighten up if necessary twelve bolts 12 fastening FDA housing to the central reducing gear with torque from 60 to 75 Nm. 11. Check and tighten up if necessary sixteen bolts 16 (by eight bolts on each side) fastening the pivot axle and wheel-hub drive axle with torque from 110 to 140 N·m. 12. Check and tighten up if necessary four castle nuts 271.5 of cone-shaped pins of the hydraulic steering cylinder, for which perform the following actions: - unfasten the cotter pin holding castle nuts; - tighten up four castle nuts with torque from 180 to 200 Nm; - then turn each castle nut further to the moment when the nearest slot on the nut matches the pin bore, and fasten it with a cotter pin then. 13. Check and tighten up if necessary two castle nuts 201.5 of steering link ball pins, for which perform the following actions: - unfasten the cotter pin holding castle nuts; - tighten up each castle nuts with torque of 100 to 140 Nm; - then turn each castle nut further to the moment when the nearest slot on the nut matches the pin bore, and fasten it with a cotter pin then. 14. Check and tighten up if necessary two locking nuts 271.5 (with left and rightheaded thread) of steering link tube with torque from 100 to 140 Nm.
6.4.6 Maintenance service in every 2000 hours of operation
6.4.6.1 General instructions Carry out previous operations and the operations specified in subsection 6.4.6.
6.4.6.2 Operation 72. Change of filter cartridges in the cab ventilation and air heating systems
Replace filter cartridges of cab ventilation and air heating systems. Method of removing and installation of filter cartridge on the tractor is specified in clause 6.4.2.9 "Operation 25. Cleaning of filter cartridges of the cab ventilation and air heating systems".
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6.4.6.3 Operation 73. Rinse of the engine cooling system and change of cooling liquid
To change cooling liquid (CL) in the engine cooling system, it is required to place the tractor on level horizontal ground, engage the parking brake and lock the wheels against movement with anti-recoil limit stops excluding tractor self-movement. The engine shall be stopped.
WARNING: THE ENGINE COOLING SYSTEM OPERATES UNDER PRESSURE WHICH IS MAINTAINED BY MEANS OF THE VALVE IN THE EXPANSION TANK PLUG. IT IS DANGEROUS TO TAKE OFF THE PLUG WHEN THE ENGINE IS HOT! LET THE ENGINE COOL DOWN. PUT SOME MATERIAL HAVING DENSE TEXTURE ON THE PLUG AND SLOWLY TURN IT IN ORDER TO REDUCE THE PRESSURE GRADUALLY BEFORE COMPLETE PLUG REMOVAL. BE CAREFUL IN ORDER TO EXCLUDE CONTACT WITH HOT LIQUID WHICH CAN CAUSE BURNS!
To rinse the engine cooling system and change the cooling liquid (CL), it is required to do the following:
- open plug 10 of expansion tank 9 (figure 3.1.6); - unscrew drain plug or tap 11 of water radiator 4, unscrew drain tap on the cylinder block on the right and drain the CL; - screw in drain plug or tap 11 of water radiator, screw in the drain tap on the cylinder block; - through the filler neck of expansion tank 9 fill the engine cooling system with two liters of kerosine and fill the system with the prepared solution (solution for rinsing the engine cooling system from 50 to 60 g of soda ash for one liter of water) up to the level of 50-70mm lower than the filler neck upper edge; - start the engine and run it from 8 to 10 hours after which drain the solution; - through the expansion tank filler neck pour clean water into the engine cooling system, start the engine and warm it up to the normal operating temperature (at least 70°) after which drain the water from the cooling system; - fill CL through the neck of expansion tank 9. Filling shall be carried out up to the moment when the level of CL in the expansion tank is 50-70mm lower than the filler neck upper edge; - start the engine. Warm it up to the moment when the CL temperature reaches 92...95°. Stop the engine. - check the uniformity of upper and lower radiator tanks warming-up as well as the radiator core. Let the engine cool down; - check the CL level (it shall be 50...60mm lower than the filler neck upper edge of the expansion tank), refill the LC if necessary, screw in plug 9 of expansion tank 10.
6.4.6.4 Operation 74. Rinse of the engine breather Wash the engine breathers with diesel fuel. For doing this, it is required to remove breather housings, withdraw breathers from cap covers of cylinder heads, rinse them and blow off with compressed air. Put the breathers and breather housings back on their places.
6.4.6.5 Operation 75. Check and adjustment of fuel pump on the stand Dismount the fuel pump from the engine and send it to the specialized repair shop.
ATTENTION: FUEL PUMP ADJUSTMENT SHALL BE CARRIED OUT BY DEALERS IN A SPECIALIZED REPAIR SHOP USING SPECIAL EQUIPMENT!
ATTENTION: FUEL PUMP MOUNTING AND DISMOUNTING ON/FROM THE ENGINE SHALL BE CARRIED OUT ONLY BY QUALIFIED SPECIALISTS!
After fuel pump mounting on the engine, it is required to adjust the fuel injection timing advance adjusting angle in accordance with clause 6.4.6.7.
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2022.3-0000010 OM 6.4.6.6 Operation 76. Check of nozzles for pressure at the beginning of injection and for quality of fuel spraying The nozzle is considered properly operating if it sprays fuel in the form of fog from all five openings of a sprayer, without separately outgoing drops, solid jets and condensation. The beginning and end of the injection shall be distinct, drops emerging at the sprayer end shall not be allowed. ATTENTION: CHECKING AND IF NECESSARY ADJUSTMENT AND CLEANING OF NOZZLES SHALL BE CARRIED OUT ONLY ON THE STAND AT THE SPECIALIZED DEALER REPAIR SHOP! Remove the nozzles from the engine, for which do the following: - before disconnecting or weakening of any parts of the fuel system, adjoining working surface shall be fully cleaned; - unscrew nuts 4 (figure 6.4.48) and disconnect fuel pipes of high pressure 5 from nozzles 3 and the fuel pump; - unscrew four bolts 1 of drain main pipe and remove backleak 2. Sort out sealing copper washers (by two washers for each bolt "banjo"); - take off nozzle retaining bolts 6 and remove nozzles 3; - send the nozzles to the dealer repair shop for service; - mount checked, cleaned and adjusted nozzles performing the abovementioned operations in the reverse order; - bleed the fuel system as specified in clause 6.4.4.14 "Operation 56. Change of fine fuel filter cartridge" of the present operation manual. ATTENTION: EACH TIME WHILE NOZZLE ASSEMBLY, NEW COPPER WASHERS SHALL BE USED! Note It is recommended to have a spare set of checked and adjusted nozzles for their quick mounting on the engine.
1 bolt; 2 backleak; 3 nozzle; 4 nut; 5 fuel pipe of high pressure; 6 nozzle retaining bolt.
Figure 6.4.48 Dismounting of nozzles from the engine
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2022.3-0000010 OM 6.4.6.7 Operation 77. Check and adjustment of fuel injection timing advance adjusting angle When the engine start is difficult, while smoky exhaust as well as while changing and mounting of the fuel pump after checking on the stand in 2000 hours of tractor operation or while engine repair, it is required to check fuel injection timing advance adjusting angle on the engine. On the engines -260.4S2 and -260.9S2 with the fuel pump 101i the fuel injection timing advance adjusting angle shall be 6±0,5 degrees of the crankshaft turn to the top dead center. Angle check shall be carried out in the following order: - set the regulator control levers into the position corresponding to max fuel supply; - disconnect the high pressure pipe from the first pump section adapter and instead of it connect the ignition tester (coupling nut with a short pipe to which by means of a rubber pipe, a glass pipe is connected having inner diameter of 1...2mm, see figure 6.4.49);
1 glass pipe; 2 rubber connecting pipe; 3 high pressure pipe section; 4 washer; 5 nut.
Figure 6.4.49 Ignition tester - turn the engine crankshaft with the key clockwise until fuel without air bubbles appears from the ignition tester glass pipe; - remove part of fuel from the glass pipe by shaking it; - turn the engine crankshaft (contraclockwise) for 30-40°; - slowly rotating the engine crankshaft clockwise, observe the fuel level in the pipe, at the moment when fuel starts to uplift stop rotating the crankshaft; - determine the position of the degree scale on the damper housing (figure 6.4.50) in relation to pin 3 which is fixed on the distribution cap 1.
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1 distribution cap (hatch cover is removed); 2 silicon damper; 3 setting pin; 4 pulley.
Figure 6.4.50 Setting of fuel injection timing angle If the pin indicates on the scale the value which does not correspond to the value 6±0,5 degrees, make adjustments for which do the following: - rotating the crankshaft, match the value 6±0,5 degrees on the degree scale of the damper housing with the setting pin; - remove hatch cover 1 (figure 6.4.51); - release nuts 2 for fixing the fuel pump drive gear to the drive half coupling for 1...1,5 revolutions; - remove part of fuel from the ignition tester glass pipe if there is such; - by means of a key turn the fuel pump spindle behind nut 4 to both sides within the grooves located on the butt end of the fuel pump drive gear until the ignition tester glass pipe is filled with fuel; - set the fuel pump spindle into the extreme (contraclockwise) position within the grooves; - remove part of fuel from the glass pipe; - slowly turn the fuel pump spindle clockwise, at the moment when fuel starts to uplift in the glass pipe stop rotating the spindle and tighten the nuts for fixing drive gears to the drive half coupling; - carry out the repeated check of the fuel supply start moment; - disconnect the ignition tester and mount the high pressure pipe and hatch cover back to their places.
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2022.3-0000010 OM Hatch cover, pos.1, not shown
1 hatch cover; 2 nut; 3 stud pin; 4 special nut; 5 drive half coupling; 6 fuel pump drive gear.
Figure 6.4.51 Fuel pump drive ATTENTION: CHECK AND ADJUSTMENT OF FUEL INJECTION TIMING ADVANCE ADJUSTING ANGLE ON THE ENGINE SHALL BE CARRIED OUT ONLY BY QUALIFIED SPECIALISTS! On the engines -260.4S2 and -260.9S2 with the fuel pump manufactured by "YAZDA", fuel injection timing angle shall be 6±0,5 degrees of the crankshaft revolution to the top dead center. If your tractor is equipped with the fuel pump manufactured by "YAZDA", contact your dealer for performing operations on check and adjustment of the fuel injection timing angle on the engine.
6.4.7 Maintenance service that does not coincide with intervals of MS-1, 2MS1, MS-2, MS-3 and special MS
6.4.7.1 Operation 78. Change of the air-conditioning system filter-drier Change of filter-drier shall be carried out in every 800 hours of operation or once a year, whichever comes first. ATTENTION: TO CHANGE A FILTER-DRIER, CONTACT SPECIAL SERVICE STATION. CHANGE SHALL BE CARRIED OUT USING SPECIAL EQUIPMENT! 6.4.8 General maintenance services 6.4.8.1 General instructions Maintenance service operations specified in subsection 6.4.8 shall be carried out as required (i.e. according to the data of corresponding pressure or clogging indicators).
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2022.3-0000010 OM 6.4.8.2 Operation 79. Adjustment of GB driven centrifuge valves Adjusting valve of the transmission hydraulic system operating pressure 2 maintains oil pressure in the transmission hydraulic system within the range 0.9 to 1.1 MPa. In case pressure falls below the specified limit, it is required to adjust valve 2 by means of installation of auxiliary washers 5 (figure 6.4.52) between spring 3 and plug 6. Valve 7 maintains oil pressure before the centrifuge rotor. It shall be from 0.77 to 0.83 MPa and can be adjusted by means of installation of washers 9. Lubrication valve 12 is adjusted for pressure from 0.2 to 0.25 MPa and maintains oil pressure in the GB lubricating system. Valve adjustment can be performed by means of washers 11. To increase pressure, it is required to increase the number of washers, to reduce pressure - decrease the number of washers.
1 GB driven centrifuge; 2 adjusting valve of the transmission hydraulic system operating pressure; 3 spring; 4 housing; 5 washer; 6 plug; 7 rotor valve; 8 spring; 9 washer; 10 spring; 11 washer; 12 lubrication valve.
Figure 6.4.52 Adjustment of GB driven centrifuge valves ATTENTION: IF PRESSURE FALLS BELOW 0.7 MPA, STOP THE TRACTOR AND CORRECT THE FAILURE IN THE TRANSMISSION HYDRAULIC SYSTEM!
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6.4.8.3 Operation 80. Maintenance of the engine air cleaner Maintenance of the engine air cleaner shall be performed when the indicating lamp of the air cleaner filter maximum clogging flashes on, which is located in the control indicator unit on the instrument board. If the indicating lamp flashes on, it is required to replace the main filter cartridge (MFC). To replace the MFC, perform the following: - open the tractor hood mask to get an access to the air cleaner; - pull yellow locking device 1 (figure 6.4.53), turn cover 2 counterclockwise and remove it; - withdraw main filter cartridge 3 carefully; - clear inside and sealing surface of the housing with wet cloth from dust and dirt. It is necessary to prevent air duct from dust and dirt ingress; - assembly of the air cleaner shall be carried out in the reverse order; - make sure that MFC installation is carried out correctly and close locking device 1; - put the tractor hood mask back to its place.
ATTENTION: MANUFACTURER OF THE AIR CLEANER STRONGLY RECOMMENDS TO CARRY OUT MFC CHANGING RATHER THAN CLEANING, TO AVOID ENGINE DAMAGING AND TO PROVIDE ITS MAXIMUM PROTECTION!
1 locking device; 2 cover; 3 main filter cartridge (MFC). Figure 6.4.53 Check of the engine air cleaner
If filter clogging indicating lamp flashes on and there is no possibility to replace MFC at once, clearing of MFC is allowed.
To clean MFC, perform the following: - blow off the main filter cartridge carefully with dry compressed air inside-out until dusting is stopped. To avoid paper shutter breakage, air pressure shall be from 0.2 to 0.3 MPa. Air stream shall be pointed at the direct angle to the filter cartridge surface. During maintenance it is necessary to protect the filter cartridge from mechanical damage and oiling; - check MFC for possible failures (shutter breakage, bottom coming unstuck); - wipe the MFC O-ring with wet cloth and install the MFC into the air cleaner housing. Cleaned MFC does not have the same service life as a new one.
IT IS FIRBIDDEN TO BLOW OFF MAIN FILTER CARTRIDGE WITH EXHAUST GASES, RINSE IT AND DUST!
ATTENTION: AFTER AIR CLEANER ASSEMBLY, IT IS NECESSARY TO CHECK ALL INLET CHAIN JOINTS FOR HERMITICITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH CLAUSE 6.4.4.7. "OPERATION 49. CHECK OF ALL AIR CLEANER JOINTS AND INLET CHAIN HERMITICITY". DAMAGED JOINING ELEMENTS SHALL BE REPLACED!
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6.5 Seasonal maintenance services
Carrying out seasonal maintenance service shall be combined with the performance of operations of regular maintenance services. The scope of work which shall be carried out during seasonal maintenance service is given in table 6.3.
Table 6.3 Seasonal maintenance services
Scope of work
When changing into autumn-winter period When changing into spring-summer period
(with fixed daily average temperature be- (with fixed daily average temperature above
low +5q)
+5q)
Replace in accordance with table 6.4, Replace in accordance with table 6.4, sum-
summer oil grades by winter in transmis- mer oil grades by winter in transmission
sion
Replace in accordance with table 6.4, Replace in accordance with table 6.4, sum-
summer oil grades by winter in the engine mer oil grades by winter in the engine crank-
crankcase
case
6.6 Safety measures while maintenance service and repair operations 6.6.1 General safety requirements While carrying out maintenance service and repair operations, it is necessary to provide safety measures observation according to GOST 12.2.019. It is forbidden to dismount the hood side panels and/or open the tractor hood or the mask of the hood with the engine running. Maintenance (repair) operations shall be carried out only if the engine is not running and the FPTO and RPTO ends are disengaged. Hinged implements of the machine shall be in a lower position, the tractor shall be stopped with the parking brake. Observe safety requirements while using lift-and-carry means of transport. During inspection of units under control and adjustment, use the portable lamp with voltage of not more than 36V. The lamp shall be protected by wire guard. Tools and accessories for MS shall be in a proper operating condition, correspond to their assignment and ensure safe operation. In order to avoid injury and burns, be careful while draining (refilling) the coolant from/to the engine cooling system, hot oil from the engine, hydraulic systems of LL and HSC, transmission bodies, FDA and PTO reducing gears. Avoid contact with hot surfaces of the above mentioned units. Mounting and dismounting of the engine shall be carried out by means of a rope, fastened to eye-bolts on the engine. Do not make alterations in the tractor or its separate parts design without sanction of the manufacturing works. Otherwise the tractor after-sales service warranty shall be no longer valid.
6.6.2 Safety precautions for exclusion of hazardous situations related to accumulator batteries and a fuel tank.
During maintenance of the accumulator battery, do the following: - avoid skin contact with electrolyte; - clean the batteries with wiping material moistened with aqua ammonia solution (ammonium hydroxide); - while checking the electrolyte level, refill distilled water only; - do not check the battery charge by means of the terminal short circuit;
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- do not connect the accumulator battery with reversed polarity. In order to avoid damaging of the electronic units of the electrical facilities and electrical control systems, observe the following safety precautions: - do not disconnect AB outputs with the engine running. It will cause peak voltage in charging circuit and will result in inevitable failure of the diodes and transistors; - do not disconnect electric wires when the engine is running and electric switches are on; - do not cause short circuit by incorrect wire connection. Short circuit or incorrect polarity will result in failure of the diodes and transistors; - do not connect the AB in the electrical facilities system until the outputs/inputs polarity and voltage are checked; - do not check the electric current by spark test as it can result in immediate breakdown of transistors. Repair operations connected with application of electric welding for the tractor shall be carried out while the AB switch is off. To avoid ignition or explosion hazard, prevent the fuel tank, engine fuel system and accumulator batteries from being close to the open flame sources.
6.6.3 Guidelines for safe use of leveling jacks and statement of proper places for their installation
Use leveling jacks to lift tractor, and after lifting insert backing blocks and limit stops under the front axle beam, rear wheel semi-axles, or base components of the tractor frame.
Places for leveling jack installation on the tractor are marked by a sign shown in figure 6.6.1.
Figure 6.6.1 Sign of a place for leveling jack installation
To lift tractor rear elements, set leveling jacks (or a single jack) under the rear semiaxle tube as illustrated in figure 6.6.2.
) Tractor rear view
b) Tractor view underneath
Figure 6.6.2 Scheme of leveling jack installation for lifting tractor rear elements
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2022.3-0000010 OM To lift tractor front elements, set leveling jacks (or a single jack) under the front driving axle beam tube, as illustrated in figure 6.6.3.
Figure 6.6.3 Scheme of leveling jack installation for lifting tractor front elements When using leveling jacks, observe the following safety requirements: - while lifting tractor "BELARUS-1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3", use properly
operating leveling jacks with lifting capacity of at least 5 tons; - before tractor jacking, stop the engine and engage the parking brake; - while jacking tractor front elements, put cotters under rear wheels; - while jacking tractor rear elements, engage the gear and put cotters under front
wheels; - do not put the jack on soft or slippery surface as it may cause the tractor falling off
the jack. When needed, use steady and relatively large support; - after lifting the tractor, put the limit stops under the front axle beam, rear wheel
semi-axles, or tractor frame base components to exclude tractor falling or rolling movement.
IT IS FORBIDDEN TO START THE ENGINE WHEN THE TRACTOR IS JACKED. ATTENTION: ONLY PERSONNEL PROPERLY INSTRUCTED ON LEVELING JACK SAFE USE AND METHODS OF LEVELING JACK SAFE OPERATION ARE ALLOWED TO OPERATE LEVELING JACK!
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6.7 Filling and lubrication of the tractor with fuel and lubrication materials In Table 6.4 titles and trademarks of fuel and lubrication materials (FLM) used during the tractor operation and maintenance are listed with indication of their quantity and change intervals.
Table 6.4 List of FLM for tractors «BELARUS-1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3»
Name and designation of fuel and lubrication materials
Item reference Title of the assembly unit Quantity of assembly units, items. Basic components Backup components Auxiliary components Foreignmade Weight (volume) of FLM, Filled in the tractor when change or reChange intervals FLM, hours Remarks
1
2
1 Fuel
1.1 1) Fuel tank
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
2
At ambient temperature of 0º and more
(360±2) Filled in1822..3/1822..3
Diesel fuel
Not Biodiesel fuel Diesel fuel
every 2022.3/2022.3
1658-2006 available -10, 590:2004
with sulfur content not exceeding 350 mg/kg (0,035%) Grade B
-50 with sulfur con BY tent not exceed500036524. ing 350 mg/kg 121-2008 (0.035%)
At ambient temperature of minus 5 º and more
shift (255±2)
Except for models 2022.3-17/32
Diesel fuel
Not
Biodiesel Diesel fuel
1658-2006 available fuel
590:2004
with sulfur content not exceeding 350 mg/kg (0,035%) Grade C
-F-10, with sulfur con-F-50 tent not exceed BY ing 350 mg/kg 500036524. (0.035%) 121-2008
model 2022.3-17/32
At ambient temperature of minus 20 º and more
Diesel fuel
Not
Biodiesel Diesel fuel
1658-2006 available fuel
590:2004
with sulfur content
-F-10, with sulfur con-
not exceeding
-F-50 tent not exceed-
350 mg/kg (0,035%) Grade F
BY ing 350 mg/kg 500036524. (0.035%) 121-2008
2 Oils 2.1 Engine oil 1
In summer
(18,0±0,1 250
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crankcase 2)
Engine oil
Engine Not avail-
«Lukoil-Avangard» oil
able
SAE 15W-40
-10,
-10
GOST
8581-78
Castrol Turbo- 8)
max SAE 15W- and filter
40
(1r0,05 l)
Hessol Turbo Diesel SAE 15W40
Essolube XD-3 +Multigrate
Shell Rimula TX
Shell Rimula Plus
Teboil Super NPD (power)
Royal Triton QLT (U 76)
Neste Turbo LE
Mobil Delvac 1400 Super
Engine oil «Lukoil-Super» SAE 5W-40
In winter
Engine Not
oil
available
-8,
-8
8581-78
Ursa Super TD (Texaco)
Shell Helix Diesel Ultra SAE 5W-40
Hessol Turbo Diesel SAE 5W-40 API CF-4
Table 6.4 continued
1
2
3
2.2 High pres- 1
sure fuel
pump
4
5
6
7
Engine oil is the same as in the diesel crankcase
8
(0,36±0,01 )
(0,23±0,01)
2.3 Transmission housing (CC, GB and RA)
1 Engine oil
Engine oil Engine Engine oil (54±0,5)
-102
-102
oil is the SAE 15W-
GOST 8581-78 GOST 8581- same as 40
(in summer) 78
in the (in sum-
diesel mer)
Engine oil
Engine oil crankcase
-82
-10
SAE 5W-
GOST 8581-78 (in summer)
40
(in winter) GOST 8581-
(in winter)
78
9
Each season, but not
less 1000
10 While mounting a new or repaired pump manufactured by "Motorpal" PP6M10P1i
While mounting a new or repaired pump manufactured by «YAZDA»
Engine oil -8 (in winter) GOST 858178
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2.4 FDA body 1 Transmission Transmis- Not
HESSOL (4,5±0,04) 1000
oil
sion oil
available BECHEM
-15
17,
HYPOID
23652- -15
SAE
79
23652-
80W-90
79
API
GL5; GL4
-15 38.401-
58-305-2002
2.5 Wheel-
2 Transmission Transmis- Not
HESSOL (4,0±0,04) 1000
hub drive
oil
sion oil
available BECHEM
casing of FDA
-15
17,
GOST 23652- -15
79
HYPOID SAE 80W-90
23652-79,
API
GL5; GL4
-15 38.401-
58-305-2002
2.6 FPTO
1 Transmission Transmis- Engine oil HESSOL (2,1±0,2) 1000
reducing gear 3)
oil -15,
sion oil -102 17,
BECHEM HYPOID
-15
-15, 8581-78 SAE
GOST
23652-
80W-90
23652-79
79;
API
GL5; GL4
-15 38.401-
58-305-
2002
2.7 HLL tank 1 All-weather oils: Not avail- Not
Not avail- (35,0±0,5) 1000
with hy-
able
available able
(first
draulic
hydraulic. BE-
change
units
CHEM
500)
Staroil 32,
68
ADDINOL Hydraulikol HLP 32, HLP 68
hydraulic HLP 32, HLP 68
2.8 HSC tank with hydraulic units
HYDROL HLP 32, HLP 68
4)
1 All-weather oils: Not availhydraulic BE- able CHEM Staroil 32, 68
Not available
Not avail- (7,5±0,35) 1000
able
(first
change
500)
ADDINOL Hydraulikol HLP 32, HLP 68
Hydraulic HLP 32, HLP 68
HYDROL HLP 32, HLP 68
4)
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Table 6.4 continued
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
3 Lubricants
3.1 Hinged joint 4 Lubricant
of the steer-
Lithol -24
BECHEM Not available BECHEM 0,05 250
LCP-GM
LCP-GM ±0.003
ing hydraulic
GOST
cylinder
21150-87
3.2 Hinged joint 2 Lubricant
of the steer-
Lithol -24
ing link
GOST
21150-87
BECHEM LCP-GM
Not available BECHEM 0,02 1000 LCP-GM ±0,001
3.3 Bushing of 2 Lubricant BECHEM Lubricant
BECHEM
0,02
500
the turning
Lithol -24 LCP-GM Solid oil C LCP-GM ±0,001
shaft of the
GOST
GOST 4366-
rear lift link-
21150-87
76
Mobil
age
or
Grease MP
Lubricant
Solid oil ISO-L-
GOST 1033- XDCIB2
79
3.4 Clutch
1 Lubricant BECHEM Lubricant
BECHEM
0,02
250
release yoke
Lithol -24 LCP-GM Solid oil C LCP-GM ±0,001
bearing
GOST
GOST 4366-
21150-87
76
or
Lubricant
Solid oil
GOST 1033-
79
3.5 Oscillating
pin bushing
of the front
link of the FLL 3)
2 Lubricant Lithol -24 GOST 21150-87
3.6 Oscillating pin bearing of FDA
1 Lubricant Lithol -24 GOST 21150-87
BECHEM LCP-GM
BECHEM LCP-GM
Lubricant
BECHEM
Solid oil C LCP-GM
GOST 4366- Mobil
76
Grease MP
or
ISO-L-
Lubricant
XDCIB2
Solid oil
GOST 1033-
79
Lubricant
BECHEM
Solid oil C LCP-GM
GOST 4366-
76 or
Lubricant
Solid oil
GOST 1033-79
0,02 ±0,001
0,08 ±0,004
1000 125
3.7 Front drive 2 shaft spider bearing of the twin hinged joint
3.8 FDA drive 1 universaljoint bearing
Lubricant 158 38.30140-25-94
Lubricant 158 38.30140-25-94
Lubricant AZMOL 158 00152365. 118-2000 Lubricant AZMOL 158 00152365. 118-2000
Not available Not available
0,0112 One±0.001 time
Filled by the manufacturer, and refill during the operation is not required
0,056 One±0.001 time
Filled by the manufacturer of cardan shaft
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3.9 FDA reduc- 4 Lubricant BECHEM Lubricant
BECHEM 0,12 125
ing gear
Lithol -24 LCP-GM Solid oil C LCP-GM ±0.006
pivot axle
GOST
GOST 4366-76
bearing
21150-87
or
Lubricant
Solid oil
GOST 1033-
79
Table 6.4 finished
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
3.10 Spline
3 Graphite grease
Not avail-
Not Not avail- 0,01 500
joints of FPTO 3)
GOST 3333-80
able
avail- able
able
±0,001
4 Special-purpose liquids
4.1 Clutch cou- 1 Hydraulic-brake fluid
pling hy-
"Neva-"
draulic drive
2451-053-
reservoir 2 36732629-2003
and cylin-
ders
4.2 Brake hy- 2 Hydraulic-brake fluid
draulic drive
"Neva-"
reservoir and 2451-053-
cylinders 3 36732629-2003
Not available
Not available
Not available
DOT3, DOT4 (Germany)
(0,4±0,1) 1000 (0,8±0,2)
1822.3/2022.3 1822.3/2022.3
Not available
DOT3; DOT4 (Germany)
(0,8±0,1) (1,2±0,3)
1000 1822.3/2022.3 1822.3/2022.3
4.3 Engine cooling system
1 Low-freezing cooling Cooling liquid Not avail- MIL-F-5559 (39,5±0,5) Once
liquid
-40 (up to able
(BS 150),
in 2
«Tosol Dzerzhinsky minus 40°),
(USA)
years
-40» (up to minus -65 (up to
FL-3 Sort
40 °),
minus 65°),
S-735,
«Tosol Dzerzhinsky GOST 28084-
(England)
-65» (up to minus 89
65 °)
2422-050-
36732629-2003
__________________
__________________
__________________
________
Low-freezing cooling
liquid
-40 (up to minus
40 °)
GOST 28084-89.
__________________
__________________
__________________
________
Low-freezing cooling
liquid
«SIBUR-PREMIUM»
-40 (up to minus
40 °),
-65 (up to minus
65 °)
2422-054-
52470175-2006
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__________________________________________
1) It is allowed to use fuel with sulfur content not exceeding the standard set for diesel of level Tier 2 (according to Directive 97/68/ and Regulations of EEC of UN 96 (02) (Review 1) up to 2 g/kg (0,2 %). 2) Usage of engine oil depending on operating conditions: ) summer (plus 5 ° and higher) SAE 30; SAE 10W-40 (30); SAE 15W-40 (30); SAE 20W-40 (30); b) winter (minus 10 ° and higher) SAE 20; SAE 10W-40 (30); c) winter (minus 20 ° and higher) SAE 10W-20 (30, 40); SAE 5W-30 (40); d) winter (below -20 °) SAE 5W-30 (40); SAE 0W-30 (40). It is allowed to use engine oils of other manufacturers complying with classes CF-4, CG-4, CH-4, CI-4 according to classification API and 3-96, 4-99, 5-02 according to classification ASEA, viscosity according to classification SAE with ambient temperatures at the place of engine operation 3) While mounting FPTO and FLL against order. 4) Hydraulic oils HLP 68, 68 are applied for tractors supplied to Venezuela.
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7. POSSIBLE FAILURES AND INSTRUCTIONS FOR THEIR TROUBLESHOOTING
7.1 Possible engine failures and instructions for their troubleshooting
The list of possible engine failures and instructions for their troubleshooting are shown in table 7.1.
Identification of engine and turbocharger failures is given in table 7.1b.
Table 7.1
Failure, external manifestations, cause
Troubleshooting
Engine fails to start
Air in the fuel system
Bleed the system with the manual pump of fuel
supply. Eliminate air ingress in the fuel system
Faulty fuel pump
Remove the fuel pump from the engine and send it
to the repair shop for service
Clogged fuel filters
Rinse the coarse fuel filter and replace the fine fuel
filter cartridge
Engine fails to develop power
Fuel pump control lever fails to Adjust fuel pump control links
reach the bottom
Clogged fine fuel filter cartridge
Replace fine fuel filter cartridge
Faulty nozzles
Detect faulty nozzles, wash them and adjust
Wrong adjustment of fuel injection Set the recommended fuel injection advance angle
advance angle
Clogged engine air cleaner
Carry out maintenance service of the air cleaner
Faulty fuel pump
Remove the fuel pump from the engine and send it
to the repair shop for service
Decrease in charging pressure
Remove the turbocharger from the engine and
send it to the repair shop for service
Hermiticity breakage of charge air Determine the reason for depressurization and
cooler
eliminate it
Engine smokes in all operation modes black smoke appears from the ex-
haust pipe
Clogged engine air cleaner
Carry out maintenance service of the air cleaner
Injector nozzle needle gets stuck Detect the faulty nozzle, wash or replace the injec-
tor, adjust the nozzle
Faulty fuel pump
Remove the fuel pump from the engine and send it
to the repair shop for service
Engine smokes in all operation modes white smoke appears from the ex-
haust pipe
Engine operates with overcooling Warm up the engine, during the operation maintain
the cooling liquid temperature within 85-95°
Water ingress into the fuel
Change the fuel
No clearance between the valves Adjust the clearance between the valves and the
and the rocking arms
rocking arms
Wrong adjustment of fuel injection Set the recommended fuel injection advance angle
advance angle
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Table 7.1 continued
Failure, external manifestations, cause
Troubleshooting
Engine smokes in all operation modes blue smoke appears from the ex-
haust pipe
Oil ingress into the combustion Replace worn-out piston rings, pistons and bush
chamber as a result of piston rings, rings
pistons and bush rings wear
Excess oil in the engine crankcase Drain excess oil, set the level according to the oil
gauge stick upper mark
Engine overheats
Insufficient amount of cooling liquid Refill the cooling liquid into the radiator up to the
in the cooling system
required level
Dirty radiator from outside
Clean the radiator
Presence of scale crust in the cool- Clean and wash the cooling system from scale
ing system due to water use
crust. Fill the system with cooling liquid
Thermostat valve fails to fully open Replace the thermostat
Insufficient fan belt tension
Tighten the belt
Oiling of fan and pulley drive belt Take off the drive belt, remove signs of oil from the
surface of the belt and pulleys
Oil pressure on the warmed-up engine is lower than it is required
Faulty oil pressure sensor or indica- Replace the oil pressure sensor or indicator if nec-
tor in the engine
essary after oil pressure check by means of a con-
trol kit
Hermiticity breakage of oil pipe Detect the place of hermiticity breakage and re-
joints
store it
Faulty engine oil pump
Detect the failure and eliminate it
Oil level in the engine crankcase is Refill oil to the oil gauge stick upper mark
lower than it is required
Jamming of safety valve in the oil Rinse the valve and the bushing, adjust the pres-
filter housing
sure in the lubrication system
Wear limit in joints "crankshaft Eliminate the failure
journals main (crankshaft) fit-
ting strips
Engine overspeeds
Stop the engine immediately by cutting fuel or air supply. Remove the fuel pump from
the engine and send it to the specialized repair shop for determining the reason and its
troubleshooting
Oil ingress into the cooling system, or cooling liquid ingress into the oil
Remove and check the liquid-oil heat-exchanger for hermiticity. Replace rubber sealing
rings
Table 7.1 continued
Failure, external manifestations, cause
Troubleshooting
While starter activation, the engine crankshaft fails to rotate or rotates very
slowly
Weak tightening of accumulator Slim the ends and tighten the terminals
terminals or oxidation of wire ends
AB discharge lower than the per- Recharge or replace the AB
missible limit
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Dirty manifold and brushes
Clean the manifold and the brushes
Poor contact of brushes with the Take off the starter from the engine, clean the
manifold. Wear of brushes more manifold, eliminate hanging of brushes or replace
than it is permissible
them if they are worn out
Burn of contact bolts and contact Slim starter relay contacts or mount contact bolts in
plate surfaces in the starter relay the cover slots by turning around the axis for 180°,
interacting with each other while and mount the contact plate with the reverse side
activation
Starter drive is out of order
Replace the starter drive
After the engine start, the starter stays in the activated state
The contact plate got stuck to con- Stop the engine, disconnect the battery, then slim
tact bolts of starter relay
the starter relay contacts or mount contact bolts in
the cover slots by turning around the axis for 180°,
and mount the contact plate with the reverse side
Starter armature rotates with high frequency without turning the engine
crankshaft
Teeth breakage of the flywheel rim Replace the flywheel rim
Starter drive is out of order
Replace the starter drive
Starter relay operates with stoppages (it turns on the starter and turns it off immedi-
ately)
Breakage of the relay holding Replace the relay
winding
AB discharge
Recharge or replace the accumulator battery
Drive gear fails to couple with the flywheel rim from time to time while the
relay is operating properly
Front wear of the flywheel toothed Relieve the teeth of the rim or replace the flywheel
rim relieved part
rim
Drive gear jamming on the rotor Clean the drive and the shaft from old lubricant,
shaft due to absence of lubrication apply lubricant -201/203/221
or its low quality
Front wear of drive gear toothed rim Relieve the teeth or replace the drive
relieved part
Voltmeter fails to show charge after diesel start and further during all opera-
tion time
If the corresponding electric cir- Remove the alternator and send it to the repair shop
cuits of the equipment are properly
operating (Annex B), then the al-
ternator is faulty
Alternator fails to give full power
Faulty alternator
Remove the alternator and send it to the repair shop
Accumulator battery gets recharged from time to time
Faulty regulator of alternator volt- Remove the alternator and send it to the repair shop
age
Alternator noise
Drive belt slip or its excessive tension Adjust the alternator drive belt tension
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Identifier
Cause
To be checked
XXXX
X Air shortage
Air filter for cleanness. The air delivery hose is X
too tight, the joints are not tights (loose)
XX
X Boost pressure drop
Tight (damaged, leaky) connection between
the turbocharger and the engine
XX
X Exhaust pressure drop
The outlet pipeline (sealing) is loose, dam-
aged, leaky
XX
X X High pressure in outlet pipeline Obstacles in the outlet pipeline, the outlet
pipeline is damaged
XX
High pressure of crankcase
Engine breather for cleanness.
X
fumes
X
X Insufficient lubrication
Delivery pipeline of the turbocharger for
cleanness.
XXX
Excessive lubrication
Pipeline removing oil from the turbocharger is X
tight
XX
Low compression
State of valves, pistons and piston rings
XXX
Oil in combustion chamber
State of valves and valve guides, piston rings X
for wearoff
XX
Poor injection
Fuel pump and injection nozzles
XX
X Presence of foreign particles
Air cleaner (for complete set, for cleanness)
XX
X Foreign particles in exhaust
The turbine housing is damaged, the turbine
wheel part is missing
X Vibration
Accuracy of turbocharger installation on the
engine
X X X X X X Turbocharger got faulty
Dismount the turbocharger and send for repair X
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Identifier X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Power drop Black smoke Blue smoke Excessive consumption of oil Presence of oil in exhaust pipeline Torbocharger is noisy Presence of oil in turbine housing Presence of oil in compressor housing Compressor wheel is damaged Turbocharger service wheel is damaged Bearing housing is polluted with carbon
Engine faulty
Table 7.1b Identification of diesel and turbocharger failures 299
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Turbocharger faulty
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7.2 Possible clutch failures and instructions for their troubleshooting
The list of possible clutch failures and instructions for their troubleshooting are shown in table 7.2.
Table 7.2
Failure, external manifestation, cause
Method of troubleshooting
Clutch coupling does not transmit full torque ("clutch skidding")
There is no clearance between the Adjust clearance space between clutch release
clutch release bearing and release bearing and release levers according to clause
levers "clutch is half disengaged" 3.2.4.1 « Adjustment of clutch control»
(insufficient clutch pedal free
travel)
Partial engagement of clutch cou- Detect and eliminate the cause as indicated in Ta-
pling (clutch arm 44 (figure 3.2.6) ble 7.2b «Possible failures in clutch coupling con-
does not return to initial position) trol and guidelines for troubleshooting»
when the clutch pedal is released,
due to failure in clutch operation
control
Clutch driven disk facings are worn Change facings or driven disks assembled
out
Clutch driven disk facings are Detect and eliminate the cause of oil ingress into
oiled-up due to ingress of oil into dry compartment
dry section
Poor compression spring force Change compression springs
(spring shrink due to continuous
skidding and clutch overheating)
Clutch coupling can not be fully disengaged ("clutch grabs and shudders")
Clearance space between clutch Adjust the clearance between the clutch release
release bearing and release lever is bearing and release lever according to clause
increased (substantial clutch-pedal 3.2.4.1 «Adjustment of clutch control »
clearance)
Insufficient clutch lever 44 (figure Provide full stroke of clutch lever and accordingly,
3.2.6) when the clutch pedal is fully full stroke of the hydraulic booster piston when fully
depressed
pressing the clutch pedal not less than size «» as specified in table 7.2b "Possible clutch failures and
instructions for their troubleshooting"
Misalignment of release levers
Adjust the position of release levers according to
clause 3.2.2.4 «Adjustment of clutch coupling re-
lease levers»
Excessive warping of driven disks Check the butt beats of driven disk facings in rela-
tion to hub spline outer diameter the value shall
be not more than 0.8mm at radius 165mm. If it is
impossible to adjust, the disks shall be replaced
Blocking of driven disk hub on
Skin the splines providing free movement of disks
transmission shaft splines
on the transmission shaft
Damaged transmission shaft sup- Replace the bearing
port bearing in the flywheel
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The list of possible clutch failures and instructions for their troubleshooting are shown in table 7.2b.
Table 7.2b
Failure, external manifestation, cause
Troubleshooting
Clutch lever 44 (figure 3.2.6) fails to go back to its initial position when the
clutch pedal is released
There is no clearance between the Adjust the clearance between main cylinder piston
main cylinder piston and piston fol- and piston follower according to clause 3.2.4.1 "Ad-
lower
justment of clutch control"
There is no clearance between op- Adjust the clearance according to clause 3.2.4.1 erating cylinder rod 34 (figure 3.2.6) "Adjustment of clutch control" and hydraulic booster push rod 37
Sticking of the main cylinder piston Use of incorrect hydraulic-brake fluid or ingress of (fails to go back to its initial posi- mineral oil, petroleum, kerosene, diesel fuel into tion) for forward motion 11 (figure hydraulic-brake fluid. Rinse the hydraulic drive sys-
3.2.6) or for reverse 23 due to pis- tem with hydraulic-brake fluid. Replace damaged ton cup expansion and(or) sealing cups and O-ring in the main and operating cylin-
ring that leads to compensation ders. Replace hydraulic-brake fluid. Bleed the hyport "A" closure (figures 3.2.4, draulic system with hydraulic-brake fluid for for-
3.2.5)
ward motion and on tractors "BELARUS-
Blocking of the main cylinder piston 1822.3/2022.3" for reverse
due to piston cup expansion
On
tractor
"BELARUS-
1822.3/2022.3" piston of valve
28 (figure 3.2.6) sticks due to seal-
ing ring expansion
Hydraulic cylinder piston strokes are carried out with difficulty
Detect and eliminate the reason for tight hydraulic cylinder piston strokes. The effort for hydraulic booster piston start and stroke shall be not more than 120 N
Hydraulic booster, operating cylin- Provide coaxiality of the hydraulic booster, operat-
der and lever 44 (figure 3.2.6) are ing cylinder and lever 44 by shifting before tighten-
mounted out-of-alignment
ing bolts of bracket 38, plate 13
Clogging of compensating port in Unclog the compensating port of main cylinder and the main cylinder for forward motion bleed the hydraulic system of clutch control and(or) on tractors "BELARUS1822.3/2022.3" for reverse Loss of pullback spring power 40 Replace pullback spring 40
(figure 3.2.6) The pedal bears dashboard skirt
against
the By means of bolt 3 (figure 3.2.6) eliminate pedal bearing against the dashboard skirt. Adjust the clearance between the piston and the main cylinder piston follower for forward motion according to clause 3.2.4.1 "Adjustment of clutch control"
Full clutch lever 44 (figure 3.2.6) stroke can not be achieved when the clutch pedal is depressed
The clearance between the main Adjust the clearance between the piston and the cylinder piston and the main cylin- main cylinder piston follower for forward motion der piston follower for forward mo- and for reverse according to clause 3.2.4.1 "Adtion and(or) on tractors "BELARUS- justment of clutch control" 1822.3/2022.3" for reverse is not properly adjusted
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The clearance between operating Adjust the clearance between the operating cylinder cylinder rod 34 (figure 3.2.6) and follower and the hydraulic booster follower according hydraulic booster 37 follower is in- to clause 3.2.4.1 «Adjustment of clutch control» creased Air presence in the clutch control Bleed the hydraulic system for forward motion and hydraulic system for forward motion for reverse and(or) on tractors "BELARUS1822.3/2022.3" for reverse
Table 7.2b finished
Failure, external manifestation, cause
Insufficient level of hydraulic-brake
fluid in the hydraulic system tank or
on
tractors
"BELARUS-
1822.3/2022.3» in the main cylin-
der housing for reverse
Hermiticity breakage of the main
and operating cylinder working
cavities due to damage and wear of cups or sealing rings (valve damage is possible on tractors "BELARUS-1822.3/2022.3")
Hydraulic-brake fluid leakage in joints or pipelines in the hydraulic drive system. Air inflow into the
clutch control hydraulic system
Clogging of opening in the tank fitting (for forward motion) or on tractors
"BELARUS-1822.3/2022.3" in the
piston (for reverse) causing depression in the main cylinder, as a result of which air leaks into the cylinder through sealings
Clogging of pipelines of the hydraulic drive system due to dent or blockage
Oil leakage through O-rings of the hydraulic booster
Not full enough stroke of clutch
pedal (the pedal bears against the
cab wall)
No clutch pedal force
Troubleshooting
Bring hydraulic-brake fluid level to the norm in the main cylinder tank or in the main cylinder housing for reverse. Bleed the hydraulic system for forward motion and for reverse
Replace the cups O-rings in the main and operating cylinder in case they are worn out. Check if the cylinder bearing surface has sharpened edges, ridges, or pits. Bleed the clutch control hydraulic system for forward motion and for reverse
Tighten up joints, replace damaged parts. Bleed the clutch control hydraulic system for forward motion and for reverse
Unclog the opening. Bleed the hydraulic system for forward motion and for reverse
Replace pipelines. Bleed the clutch control hydraulic system with brake fluid
Replace O-rings in the hydraulic booster
Adjust the clearance between the piston and the main cylinder piston follower for forward motion and on tractor "BELARUS-1822.3/2022.3" for reverse according to clause 3.2.4.1 "Adjustment of clutch control". Bleed the hydraulic system with brake fluid for forward motion and for reverse. The hydraulic booster piston stroke and accordingly, clutch lever 44 stroke (figure 3.2.6) when fully depressing the pedal shall be at least 28mm Air presence in the hydraulic system or the cups and an O-ring in the main and operating cylinder are worn out. On tractors "BELARUS1822.3/2022.3" the valve can be damaged. Replace the cups and an O-ring in the main and operating cylinder, the valve. Check if cylinder bearing surface has sharpened edges, ridges, or pits.
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Hydraulic booster, operating cylinder and lever 44 (figure 3.2.6) are mounted out-of-alignment
Bleed the clutch control hydraulic system for forward motion and for reverse Provide coaxiality of the hydraulic booster, operating cylinder and lever 44 by shifting before tightening bolts of bracket 38, plate 13
7.3 Possible failures in the gearbox and instructions for their troubleshooting
The list of possible failures in gearbox and instructions for their troubleshooting are shown in Table 7.3.
Table 7.3
Failure, external manifestation, cause
Troubleshooting
Tractor fails to start in any gear, the transmission hydraulic system
operates properly
Wear of clutch shaft spline joint, Disconnect the tractor, disassemble the clutch primary shaft or a coupling bushing case and gear-box casing, replace worn-out parts
A gear can not be engaged
Wear of transmission yoke plate or Disconnect the tractor, dismount the gearbox and
clutch
replace worn-out parts
Synchronizer damage
Disconnect the tractor, dismount the gearbox and
replace worn-out parts
"L-H" pass of GB reduction unit can not be engaged on tractors with GB
Sticking or failure of the hydraulic Rinse the valve spool. Replace the valve if neces-
cylinder valve for control of switch- sary
ing of GB reduction unit pass
Increased noise
Not enough oil in the transmission Refill oil up to the required level mark
Wear or damage of bearings and Replace worn-out bearings and other damaged
other transmission components
parts
The engine fails to start when the range shifting lever is set in neutral posi-
tion or starts when a range is engaged
Faulty switch for engine start-up Replace the switch for engine start-up lock with the
lock with the range engaged
range engaged
The switch for engine start-up lock Adjust the switch for engine start-up lock with the
with the range engaged is not ad- range engaged as specified in subsection 3.3.2
justed
"Mechanism for engine start-up lock with the range
engaged and mechanism of FDA engagement at
reverse motion"
A range can not be engaged or becomes self-disengaged
Wear of transmission yoke plate or Disconnect the tractor, dismount the gearbox and
clutch
replace worn-out parts
Noisy gear shifting
Incomplete clutch coupling disen- Adjust clutch coupling according to subsection 6.1 gagement (clutch grabs and shud-
ders) Wear of synchronizer conic sur- Replace worn-out parts faces
Oil leakage in the dry compartment of the clutch coupling casing
Oil leakage through connection: Disconnect the tractor in order to detach the enbowl - cover - case, or through con- gine from clutch coupling case and stop leakage nection: shifter bracket - shaft clutch coupling case (see figure 3.2.7)
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Oil leakage through the cups
Disconnect the tractor in order to detach from clutch coupling case and replace cups
7.4 Possible failures in the electronic control system for rear axle differential lock, front driving axle drive, front power take off shaft, GB reduction gear and instructions for their troubleshooting
The list of possible failures in the electronic system for rear axle DL, FDA drive, FPTO (if mounted), GB reduction gear (if mounted) and instructions for their troubleshooting are shown in Table 7.4.
Table 7.4
Failure, external manifestation, cause
Troubleshooting
FDA drive or rear axle DL can not be engaged in the forced mode, or GB reduction unit can not be shifted to the higher pass, FPTO drive can not be engaged
Power supply voltage is not trans- Check according to the electric circuit diagram
ferred to the respective distribution (Annex ) if the power supply voltage is transferred
valve solenoid
to the respective distribution valve solenoid
Jamming of the respective distribu- Rinse the distribution valve
tion valve spool
None of the drives (FDA, rear axle DL, FPTO) can be engaged and GB reduc-
tion unit can not be shifted to the high gear
There is no pressure in the trans- Eliminate the failure in the transmission hydraulic
mission hydraulic system
system
When the front PTO drive is engaged, indicating lamp lights up but the PTO
shaft end extension fails to rotate
Make sure that the cylinder pin is If the cylinder rod is moving, FPTO shaft electric
moving while engagement
control is operating in a proper manner
Check the adjustment of FPTO
Adjust if necessary
brake band tightening
Rear axle DL can not be engaged in an automated mode when guide wheels are in
the forward motion position
Big clearance between the bracket Adjust the clearance within 3±0,2 mm by rotating
and the butt end of left or corre- nuts 6 and 7 as shown in figure 7.4.1 spondingly right sensors 3
of guide wheels turning angle
Breakage in the electric "minus" Check electric circuits according to the electric
circuit of power supply or in the connections diagram (Annex ). "signal" circuit of left or corre-
spondingly right sensor of turning angle
Left or correspondingly, right sensor of Replace faulty sensor turning angle is faulty
Rear axle DL or FDA drive is constantly activated in the automatic mode
(fail to get deactivated while guide wheels turning)
Breakage in the "plus" circuit of Check "plus" circuit of sensor power supply accord-
power supply of left or correspond- ing to the electric connections diagram (Annex ) ingly right sensor of turning angle
While tractor slowing down (depressing both brake pedals simultaneously), FDA drive can not be engaged and rear axle DL can not be disengaged (depress-
ing either of the brake pedals)
Faulty one or both brake actuation Simulate sensor actuation one-by-one by means of
sensors 12-21 (actuation of contact closure in cable sockets to the sensors.
brake pedals)
Replace the faulty sensor
Cable of connection to sensors Check the cable for operability according to the
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12-21 is faulty Faulty relay in FDA drive actuation circuit and rear axle DL deactivation circuit while slowing down
electric circuit diagram (Annex A) Replace the relay
Table 7.4 finished
Failure, external manifestations, cause
Troubleshooting
After engine start-up, indicator of the reducing unit first gear engagement
does not light up, or after reducing unit top gear is engaged indicator of the re-
ducing unit top gear engagement does not light up
Oil pressure in pilot hydraulic sys- Check oil pressure value according to oil pressure
tem is below 0.8 MPa
indicator in transmission, located on gauge board.
Correct hydraulic system failure or make adjust-
ment of hydraulic relief valve
Faulty pressure sensor "" Replace faulty components (pressure sensor or
of GB reducing unit first or top gear indicating lamp or led lamp)
accordingly, or burned-out lamp
indicating GB reducing unit en-
gagement, or burned-out GB re-
ducing unit led lamp.
Opening of circuit leading from Check according to the electric circuit diagram
sensor to indicating lamp or open- (Annex B) operability of circuit "sensor indicating
ing of circuit from sensor to led lamp" or "sensor led lamp" and correct opening
lamp
in faulty circuit
FDA drive is permanently engaged in any of three positions of the switch The FDA drive control valve spool Rinse the FDA drive control valve was blocked abroach
1, 3, 4 brackets; 2 angular position sensor (±13°, DL); 5 angular position sensor (±25°, FDA); 6 outer nut; 7 inner nut; 8 front axle (top view).
Figure 7.4.1 Directive wheels angular position sensors 3 adjustment
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7.5 Possible failures in rear axle and guidelines for troubleshooting
List of possible failures in rear axle and guidelines for troubleshooting are shown in Table 7.5.
Table 7.5
Failure, external manifestations, cause
Troubleshooting
Increased noise of the main gear
Improper adjustment of gears en- - adjust of gears engagement of main gear accord-
gagement of main gear according ing to through tooth-contact pattern;
to through tooth-contact pattern - adjust side clearance in engagement of main pair
and side clearance
(0.25...0.55 mm).
Improper adjustment of conical Adjust bearing preload
bearings of main gear
Not enough oil in transmission
Refill oil up to oil level mark
Gear teeth damage
Check the condition of gear tooth ring. There shall
not be any chippage and damage. Gears with
damaged teeth shall be replaced in pairs
Differential lock does not work
Low pressure of oil running in work Check oil pressure. In case it is below 900 kPa,
space of hydraulic cylinder piston find and correct the trouble in transmission hydrau-
of lock-up clutch
lic system operation
Electrical hydraulic distribution Check differential lock ECS, ease of spool move-
valve for lockout control doesn't ment, correct the trouble
operate
7.6 Possible failures in rear power take-off shaft and guidelines for troubleshooting
List of possible failures of rear power take-off shaft and guidelines for troubleshooting are shown in Table 7.6.
Table 7.6 Failure, external manifestations,
cause
Troubleshooting
Rear PTO shaft end extension does not rotate upon start-up
PTO mode selection handle is not shifted in independent drive position
Check and shift the handle in up position
Improper adjustment of valve control
Adjust valve control
Oil pressure loss at valve input Check pressure at control valve input, in case there is no
or at valve output to PTO friction pressure correct the trouble of transmission hydraulic sys-
coupling
tem. In case there is no pressure at valve output to PTO
friction coupling replace the control valve
Rear PTO shaft does not transmit full torque ("skidding")
Improper adjustment of valve control
Adjust valve control
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Low oil pressure in transmission hydraulic system
Low oil pressure at valve output to PTO friction coupling due to excessive internal leakage
Friction coupling operating trouble due to piston deadlock or wear and tear of frictional disks
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Adjust pressure reducing valve of transmission hydraulic system or correct other troubles in the transmission hydraulic system
Check pressure of oil running in PTO friction coupling, replace friction coupling O-rings if necessary
Rinse friction coupling components in pure diesel fuel, replace frictional disks if necessary
When PTO brake is engaged the end extension is still rotating
Oil pressure loss at valve input Check pressure at control valve input, in case there is
or at output leading to PTO no pressure correct the trouble of transmission hydraulic
brake
system. In case there is no pressure at valve output to
PTO brake replace the control valve
Low oil pressure at output leading to PTO brake due to excessive internal leakage
Check pressure of oil running in PTO brake, replace friction coupling O-rings if necessary
Brake operating trouble due to piston deadlock or wear and tear of frictional disks
Rinse brake components in pure diesel fuel, replace frictional disks if necessary
Bent fracture of PTO shaft end extension
Heavy bending load on shaft end extension from the implement coupled drive (out-of-limit angles of cardan shaft and etc.,)
Eliminate break of coupling requirements. Correct troubles in the machine, replace PTO shaft end extension
Twisting of splines (teeth) of PTO shaft end extension
Shock stress generated by implement coupled that is transmitted to the PTO shaft end extension
Check availability and operability of safety elements of the implement coupled (torque-limiting clutch, shear bolt) and correct the trouble, replace PTO shaft end extension
Application of PTO shaft end type coordinated by horsepower capacity with implement coupled drive
Install PTO shaft end of horsepower capacity required by the implement drive (from the set supplied with SPTA)
7.7 Possible failures in front power take-off shaft and guidelines for troubleshooting
List of possible failures of front power take-off shaft and guidelines for troubleshooting are shown in Table 7.7.
Table 7.7 Failure, external manifestations,
cause
Troubleshooting
Front PTO shaft can not be engaged and its end extension does not rotate When the FPTO is engaged in- Comply with instructions of subsection 7.4 "Possi-
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dicating lamp does not light up, unit does not operate or FPTO can be engaged only for a very short period
Pressure loss in FPTO control channel
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ble failures in the electronic system for rear axle differential lock, front driving axle drive, front power take off shaft control, GB reducing gear and guidelines for troubleshooting"
FPTO control valve spool jamming is possible. Check control valve operability by pressing the rubber cap of electromagnet. After pressing the cap cylinder rod must be shifted. If cylinder spool does not move replace the control valve. If the control valve spool moves and cylinder rod remains fixed then check tractor transmission hydraulic fluid pressure. Working pressure should be within 0.9 to 1.2 MPa. In case pressure is below the required value eliminate transmission hydraulic system failure as provided by subsection 7.10 "Possible failures of transmission hydraulic system and guidelines for troubleshooting"
Front PTO does not transmit required power, FPTO shaft end extension is rotating
Operation at lower pressure in transmission hydraulic system, skidding of FPTO band-brake
Operation with FPTO at lower pressure in transmission hydraulic system is excluded. Eliminate transmission hydraulic system failure as provided by subsection 7.10 "Possible failures of transmission hydraulic system and guidelines for troubleshooting"
Control cylinder rod is moving but FPTO does not transmit full torque or after FPTO shaft disengagement PTO shaft end extension is still rotating. Cylinder rod overstroke
Adjust clearance spaces in bend-brake
FPTO does not transmit full torque or after FPTO shaft disengagement PTO shaft end extension is still rotating
If clearance spaces in bendbrakes are adjusted, then it gives evidence of significant wear of bend-brakes
Replace bends of PTO shaft
Noise in FPTO reducing gear
Reducing gear parts breakdown Dismount reducing gear from tractor, replace bearings and parts causing failure
7.8 Possible failures of brakes and guidelines for troubleshooting
List of possible brakes failures and guidelines for troubleshooting are shown in Table 7.8.
Table 7.8 Failure,
Troubleshooting
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external manifestations, cause
Inefficient braking
Increased pedal free travel (in- Adjust pedal free travel as indicated in clause
creased clearance space between 3.8.3 "Service brake adjustment of "BELARUS-
piston and main cylinder piston fol- 1822.3/2022.3" and for reverse according to clause
lower) for forward motion and(or) 3.8.5 "Service brake adjustment of "BELARUS-
on
tractors
"BELARUS- 1822.3/2022.3"
1822.3/2022.3" for reverse
Presence of air in hydraulic brake Circulate hydraulic-brake fluid through the hydrau-
control system for forward motion lic brake control system for forward motion and on
and(or) on tractors "BELARUS-
tractors "BELARUS-1822.3/2022.3" for reverse
1822.3/2022.3" for reverse
Hydraulic-brake fluid shortage in Bring hydraulic-brake fluid in the main cylinders
hydraulic brake control system reservoirs to the required level then circulate brake
tanks or on tractors "BELARUS- fluid through the hydraulic brake control system.
1822.3/2022.3" in the main cyl- Circulate the hydraulic system for forward motion
inder housing for reverse
and on tractors "BELARUS-1822.3/2022.3" for
reverse
Loss of sealing of work spaces of Replace main and operating cylinders cups and O-
main and operating cylinders due rings in case they are worn out. Check if cylinder
to damage, wear and tear of cups bearing surface has sharpened edges, ridges, or
and O-rings (on tractors "BELA- pits. Circulate hydraulic-brake fluid through the hy-
RUS-1822.3/2022.3" damage of draulic system for forward motion and on tractors
valves is possible)
"BELARUS-1822.3/2022.3" for reverse
Hydraulic-brake fluid leakage in Tighten up junctions, replace damaged parts, then
junctions or pipelines in hydraulic circulate hydraulic-brake fluid through the hydraulic
drive system. Air inflow in hydraulic system for forward motion and on tractors "BELA-
brake control system
RUS-1822.3/2022.3" for reverse
Clogging of openings in tank fit- Unclog the opening. Circulate hydraulic-brake fluid
tings (for forward motion) or on through the hydraulic system for forward motion
tractors
"BELARUS- and on tractors "BELARUS-1822.3/2022.3" for
1822.3/2022.3" in the piston (for reverse
reverse) causing depression in
main cylinder, as a result of which
the air leaks into cylinder through
sealing
Clogging of pipelines of hydraulic Replace pipelines. Circulate hydraulic-brake fluid
drive system due to dent or clog- through the hydraulic system for forward motion
ging
and on tractors "BELARUS-1822.3/2022.3" for
reverse
Insufficient brake pedal travel or Adjust clearance space between piston and piston
the pedal strikes against cab wall follower of main cylinder as indicated in 3.8.3 "Ser-
vice brake adjustment on tractors "BELARUS-
1822.3/2022.3" and for reverse according to clause
3.8.5 "Service brake adjustment on tractors "BEL-
ARUS-1822.3/2022.3". Circulate the hydraulic
system for forward motion and for reverse. Stroke
of operating brake cylinders 16,18 (figure 3.8.6)
and correspondingly levers 15, 17 while pressing
the unlocked brake pedals separately with effort
(300±30) N shall be from 10 to 12 mm.
Continuation of the Table 7.8
Failure, external manifestations, cause
No effort on brake pedals
Troubleshooting
Presence of air in the hydraulic system or cups and rings in the main and operating brake cylinders are
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worn out. On tractors "BELARUS1822.3/2022.3" valves can be damaged. Replace the cups and O-rings in the main and operating cylinders, and valves. Check if cylinder bearing surface has sharpened edges, ridges, or pits. Bleed the clutch control hydraulic system for forward motion and on tractors "BELARUS1822.3/2022.3" for reverse Increased operating stroke of Disassemble brakes, replace worn-out disks. Adbrake pedals which can not be ad- just clearance space in friction couple and pedal justed wear problem of break operating stroke disks
Sticking of brakes
Pedal free travel is nil (clearance Adjust pedal free travel as indicated in clause 3.8.3
between piston and piston follower "Service brake adjustment on tractors "BELARUS-
of main cylinder is nil) for forward 1822.3/2022.3" and for reverse according to clause
motion and(or) on tractors "BELA- 3.8.5 "Service brake adjustment on tractors "BEL-
RUS-1822.3/2022.3" for reverse ARUS -1822.3/2022.3"
Sticking of main cylinder pistons Rinse hydraulic drive system with hydraulic-brake
(does not go back in its initial posi- fluid. Replace damaged cups and O-ring in the
tion) due to piston cup and O-ring main and operating cylinders. Replace hydraulic-
expansion, resulting in closure of brake fluid. Circulate hydraulic-brake fluid through
compensating port by reason of the hydraulic system for forward motion and on
use of incorrect hydraulic-brake tractors "BELARUS-1822.3/2022.3" for reverse
fluid or ingress of mineral oil, pe-
troleum, kerosene, diesel fuel into
hydraulic-brake
Sticking of main cylinder pistons
due to piston cups expansion
On
tractors
"BELARUS-
1822.3/2022.3" cylinder pistons
stick due to O-rings expansion
Loss of elasticity of the main and Replace the springs
operating brake cylinder springs
Clogging of compensating port of Unclog the compensating port of main cylinder and
main cylinder
deaerate the system
Table 7.8 finished
Failure, external manifestations, cause
Troubleshooting
Uneven braking of left and right wheels
Faulty adjustment of service Adjust brake control for forward motion according
brakes
to clause 3.8.3 "Adjustment of service brakes on
tractors "BELARUS-1822.3/2022.3" and for reverse
according to clause 3.8.5 "Adjustment of service
brakes on tractors "BELARUS-1822.3/2022.3"
Malfunctioning of leveling valves of Disconnect tube connecting two main brake cylin-
main brake cylinders
ders, turn back fittings and dismount leveling
valves. Replace worn-out parts. Circulate hydrau-
lic-brake fluid through the hydraulic system for for-
ward motion and tractors" for reverse
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Clogging or crumpling of brake Clean or replace pipelines. Circulate hydraulic-
control pipelines in one of the cir- brake fluid through the hydraulic system for for-
cuits or pipelines of main brake ward motion and on tractors "BELARUS-
cylinders leveling valves
1822.3/2022.3" for reverse
Sticking of main cylinder pistons Rinse hydraulic drive system with hydraulic-brake
(does not go back in its initial posi- fluid. Replace damaged cups and O-ring in the
tion) due to piston cup and O-ring main and operating cylinders. Replace hydraulic-
expansion, resulting in closure of brake fluid. Circulate hydraulic-brake fluid through
compensating port by reason of the hydraulic system for forward motion and on
use of incorrect hydraulic-brake tractors "BELARUS-1822.3/2022.3" for reverse
fluid or ingress of mineral oil, pe-
troleum, kerosene, diesel fuel into
hydraulic-brake
Sticking of main cylinder pistons
due to piston cups expansion
On
tractors
"BELARUS-
1822.3/2022.3» valve pistons
stick due to O-rings expansion
Low efficiency of parking brake drive
Wrong adjustment of parking brake Adjust as specified in subsection 3.8.7 "Adjustment
drive
of parking brake drive"
7.9 Possible failures in pneumatic system and guidelines for troubleshooting
List of possible failures in pneumatic system and guidelines for troubleshooting are shown in Table 7.9.
Table 7.9
Failure, external manifestations, cause
Troubleshooting
Increase of pressure in balloon is slow
Air leakage from pneumatic system
by the following reasons:
- undertightened or damaged pipe- Detect leakages and correct them by retorque of line, fittings nuts, and coupling junctions or replacement of damaged parts band
- damaged rubber gasket of cou- Replace damaged gasket pling head
- coupling head O-ring nut torque Draw up the nut got loose
- dirt entry under coupling head Clean valve
- contact of dust cover with cou- Correct pling head valve plug
- faulty adjustment of brake valve actuator
Adjust brake valve actuator as indicated in clause 3.9.4.2 "Check and adjustment of single-line and
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- impaired performance of pressure control valve - pressure control valve filter is clogged
double-line pneumatic system brake valves" Dismount pressure control valve from tractor and send it to repair workshop Rinse pressure control valve filter
- faulty pneumatic compressor
Contact your dealer
Increase of pressure in balloon is slow
Faulty pneumatic compressor
Contact your dealer
Rapid decrease of pressure in balloon when the engine is stopped Air leakage through coupling Stop the leakage member of pneumatic system
Rapid decrease of pressure in balloon when break pedal is depressed
Faulty brake valve
Replace brake valve
Increased oil slobbering into pneumatic system by pneumatic compressor
Faulty pneumatic compressor
Contact your dealer
insufficient air pressure in balloon
Faulty location of pressure control Adjust pressure control valve as specified in sub-
valve adjusting cap
section 3.9.5 "Check and adjustment of pneumatic
system pressure control valve"
Faulty pneumatic compressor
Contact your dealer
Table 7.9 finished
Failure, external manifestations, cause
Troubleshooting
Pressure control valve engages compressor for idle stroke when pressure is below 0.77...0.80 MPa, and for operating stroke when pressure is below 0.65 MPa and over
0.70 MPa
Dirt accumulation in cavities and Rinse and clear pressure control valve
channels of pressure control valve
Faulty location of pressure control Adjust pressure control valve as specified in sub-
valve adjusting cap
section 3.9.5 "Check and adjustment of pneumatic
system pressure control valve"
Damaged rubber parts of pressure Replace damaged parts or send them to repair
control valve, spring shrinkage
workshop
Tilting, deadlock of spool of adjust- Ensure freedom of the spool movement, lubricate it
ing part of pressure control valve or refer pressure control valve to repair workshop
Pressure control valve gets actuated frequently (engages pneumatic compressor) without air bleeding from receiver tank
Air leakage from pneumatic sys- Detect and stop the air leakages tem or pressure control valve, failure of back-pressure valve
Pressure control valve operates in mode of pressure-relief valve
Pressure control valve adjusting Adjust pressure control valve as specified in sub-
cap is turned for too much
section 3.9.5 "Check and adjustment of pneumatic
system pressure control valve"
Pressure control valve dummy pis- Disassemble pressure control valve and correct
ton seizure
seizure
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Clogged outlet ports in pressure Unclog the outlet ports control valve adjusting cap
Air feeding in connecting hose through air bleed valve of pressure control valve is nil
Insufficient sinking of air bleed Pot the nut of connecting hose on outlet and valve rod in pressure control valve. tighten it
Pressure control valve changes Decompress receiver tank to the value below 0.65 pneumatic compressor for idle MPa stroke
Ineffective operation of trailer brake
Brake valve actuator got out of ad- Adjust brake valve actuator as indicated in clause
justment
3.9.4.2 "Check and adjustment of single-line and
double-line pneumatic system brake valves"
Brake valve failure
Replace brake valve
Failure of trailer brake system
Correct trouble in trailer brake system
Trailer brake are slowly released
Brake valve actuator got out of ad- Adjust brake valve actuator as indicated in clause
justment
3.9.4.2 "Check and adjustment of single-line and
double-line pneumatic system brake valves"
Brake valve failure
Replace brake valve
Failure of trailer brake system
Correct trouble in trailer brake system
ATTENTION: WHILE PNEUMATIC SYSTEM TROUBLESHOOTING ALL SELFMAINTAINED OPERATIONS RELATED TO PRESSURE CONTROL VALVE ADJUSTMENT AND REPAIR, ARE ALLOWED AFTER THE TRACTOR GUARANTEE PERIOD TERMINATION. OTHERWISE PRESSURE CONTROL VALVE WILL BE WITHDRAWN FROM AFTER-SALES SERVICE. TO REPAIR OR ADJUST YOUR PRESSURE CONTROL VALVE (INCLUDING MS3) DURING TRACTOR GUARANTEE PERIOD CONTACT YOUR DEALER!
7.10 Possible failures of transmission hydraulic system and guidelines for troubleshooting
List of possible failures in transmission hydraulic system and guidelines for troubleshooting are shown in Table 7.10.
Table 7.10
Failure, external manifestations, cause
Troubleshooting
Low oil pressure in transmission hydraulic system
Insufficient oil level in transmission Check oil level in transmission as indicated in sec-
tion 6 "Maintenance service". Refill oil up to the re-
quired level if necessary.
Clogging of distributor-filter bypass Rinse distributor-filter bypass valve
valve
Clogging of full-flow mesh filter
Rinse full-flow mesh filter
Clogging of distributor-filter
Remove cap and rinse distributor-filter
Oil leakage through pressure-relief Replace pressure-relief valve
valve on pump actuator
Shrinkage of distributor-filter by- Adjust pressure by means of adjusting washers. If
pass valve spring
it is not possible replace the spring
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Oil pressure loss in transmission hydraulic system
Breakdown of gear wheel pump in Replace gear wheel pump of transmission hydraulic
transmission hydraulic system
system
Transmission hydraulic system Engage transmission hydraulic system pump ac-
pump actuator
tuator
Damaged parts of transmission hy- Replace damaged parts of transmission hydraulic
draulic system pump actuator
system pump actuator
High oil pressure in transmission hydraulic system Oil does not corresponds to the Fill in corresponding seasonal oil current season (ambient temperature) Deadlock of distributor-filter by- Rinse distributor-filter bypass valve pass valve
Increased noise Insufficient oil level in transmission Check oil level in transmission as indicated in sec-
tion 6 "Maintenance service". Refill oil up to the required level if necessary. Wear or breaking of bearings of Replace bearings other transmission components
7.11 Possible failures of FDA and guidelines for troubleshooting
List of possible failures of front driving axle and guidelines for troubleshooting are shown in Table 7.11.
Table 7.11
Failure, external manifestations, cause
Troubleshooting
increased wear and delaminating of front tires
Faulty toe-in
Adjust toe-in as indicated in section 6 "Maintenance
service".
Noncompliance of pressure in tires Adjust pressure in tires as indicated in subsection
to the recommended standards
4.2.8 "Choice of optimal inflation pressure of tire
depending on operating conditions and tractor axle
load, and tires operating rules"
Drive clutch does not transmit torque
Pressure loss in clutch booster
Disassemble distribution valve, rinse case and
spool
Failure of system electrics
Detect and correct trouble in ECS of FDA
Insufficient value of torque transferred
Low pressure in transmission hy- Adjust pressure in transmission hydraulic system
draulic system
up to the value 0.9 to 1.0 MPa
Increased leakage in drive control
hydraulic system:
- wear of O-rings of piston and Replace O-rings drum;
- wear of mating surfaces sleeve Replace worn-out parts drum hub, drum piston;
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- wear of disk packs.
Replace worn-out parts
Drive does not operate in automated mode
In automated mode FDA drive can Detect and correct trouble in ECS of FDA not be engaged when guide wheels are in "forward" position FDA drive is permanently engaged Detect and correct trouble in ECS of FDA in automated mode (can not be disengaged when guide wheels are turned) Disconnect switch of FDA drive Adjust disconnect switch of FDA drive automatic automatic switching-on sensor got switching-on sensor out of adjustment
Increased noise generated by main gear
Increased clearance in driving gear Check and adjust if necessary conical bearing pre-
bearing of reducing gear and dif- load of central gearbox and differential driving gear,
ferential
as indicated in subsection 3.12.2 "Central gearbox"
Lateral clearance space in main Adjust lateral clearance space in main twin of cen-
twin of central gearbox got out of tral gearbox
adjustment
Breaking of differential bearings Disassemble, replace failed items
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Table 7.11 finished
Failure, external manifestations, cause
Troubleshooting
Oil leakage through wheel-hub drive
Worn-out or damages wheel-hub Replace sealings
drive flange sealings
Increased clearance in wheel-hub Make adjustment as indicated in section 6 "Mainte-
drive flange bearings
nance service"
Increased oil level in wheel-hub Set the required level of oil in wheel-hub drive as
drive
indicated in section 6 "Maintenance service"
Oil leakage through central gearbox Worn-out or damages flange seal- Replace sealing ings of driving gear of main gear
Oil leakage from FDA beam Worn-out or damages double Replace sealing hinge pivot sealing
ATENTION: AFTER ANY DISMOUNTING OF STEERING LINK AND ITS SUBSEQUENT INSTALLATION, HAVING MADE ALL NECESSARY ADJUSTMENTS, TIGHTEN TWO CASTLE NUTS 201.5 OF BALL PINS WITH TORQUE FROM 100 TO 140 Â, AND FASTEN THEM BY COTTER (WITH MATCHING OF NUT SLOT AND OPENING OF BALL PIN TURNING OFF OF THE NUT IT IS NOT ALLOWED) AND TWO LOCKING NUTS 271.5 (WITH THE LEFT AND RIGHT-HAND THREAD) OF STEERING LINK PIPE WITH TORQUE OF 100 TO 140 N·M!
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7.12 Possible failures of hydrostatic steering control and guidelines for troubleshooting
List of possible failures of hydrostatic power steering and guidelines for troubleshooting are shown in Table 7.12.
Table 7.12
Failure, external manifestations, cause
Troubleshooting
Great efforts at steering wheel
Pressure loss or insufficient pres-
sure in steering control hydraulic
system (it must be from 14.0 to14.5
MPa (steering wheel is turned up to
the stop)) due to the following rea-
sons:
- HSC wasn't bled
Bleed air from the HSC hydraulic system by turning steering wheel with movement of guide wheels from left-most to the right-most position (stop stop-to-stop position) for 2-3 times
- faulty adjustment of dosing pump Contact the dealer. Adjust pressure relief valve for pressure relief valve (low pressure) the required pressure1). Operation is performed only
by maintenance department
- faulty feed pump
Contact the dealer. Pump does not generate pump
due to low efficiency coefficient
Hard abrasion or blocking up in Stop abrasion in steering column, for which per-
steering column mechanical com- form the following:
ponents
- loosen upper nut;
- lubricate friction surfaces of plastic bushings;
- eliminate contact of universal-joint fork with
steering column bracket walls
Increased torque of FDA reducing Make repair of FDA
gear turn
Steering wheel is rotating without turn of steerable wheels
There is no oil in the tank
Fill the tank with oil up to the required level and
bleed air from the hydraulic system of HSC
Disadjustment of dosing pump Contact the dealer. Adjust pressure-relief valve and
valves. Adjusting pressure of pres- anti-shock valves up to the required pressure. Op-
sure-relief valve exceeds pressure eration is performed only by maintenance department
of anti-shock valves
1)
Worn-out sealing of hydraulic cylin- Repair or replace hydraulic cylinder
der piston
When steering wheel is rotated the steerable wheels turn right-about Incorrect high-pressure hose connec- Connect high-pressure hoses to the pocket corretion to the corresponding pocket of sponding to direction of steering wheel turning dosing pump or hydraulic steering cylinder Wrong adjustment of the dosing Contact the dealer. Washing and adjustment of pump safety valve (adjusted for low safety valve up to the required pressure shall be pressure or hung up in the open po- carried out by the maintenance department 1) sition due to clogging)
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Table 7.12 continued
Failure, external manifestations, cause
Troubleshooting
Steering if too slow and too hard in course of quick turning of steering wheel
Hard abrasion or blocking up in Stop abrasion in steering column, for which perform
steering column mechanical com- the following:
ponents
- loosen upper nut; - lubricate friction surfaces of plastic bushings;
- eliminate contact of universal-joint fork with
steering column bracket walls
"Motoring" of the dosing pump
(steering wheel continue to rotate after turning)
Gripping of sleeve with spool
Contact the dealer. Rinse of dosing-pump compo-
(perhaps due to dirt accumulation) nents is required. Assembly and check of operability
should be is performed only by maintenance department in accordance with manufacturer's instruction 1)
Spool recentering springs of dos- Contact the dealer. Replacement of springs, assembly
ing pump have lost spring power or and check of operability should be is performed only
are broken
by maintenance department in accordance with manufacturer's instruction 1)
Permanent adjustment of steering wheel is required (steering wheel does not follow selected direction)
Spool recentering springs of dos- Contact the dealer. Replacement of springs, assembly
ing pump have lost spring power or and check of operability should be is performed only
are broken
by maintenance department in accordance with manufacturer's instruction 1)
One of anti-shock valves setting Contact the dealer. Replacement of faulty compo-
springs is broken or gerotor twin is nents assembly and check of operability should be is
worn-out
performed only by maintenance department in accordance with manufacturer's instruction 1)
Worn-out sealing of hydraulic cyl- Replace faulty components of cylinder
inder piston
Increased clearance of steering wheel
Cone-shaped pins of HSC hydrau- Tighten pin nuts as indicated in section 6 "Mainte-
lic cylinders have not been tight- nance service"
ened
Clearance in steering joints
Correct clearance in steering joints, as indicated in
section 6 "Maintenance service"
Worn-out steering column splines Replace lower universal-joint fork
shank
Worn-out steering column cardan Replace cardan shaft
shaft
Spool recentering springs of dos- Contact the dealer. Replacement of springs, assembly
ing pump have lost spring power or and check of operability should be is performed only
are broken
by maintenance department in accordance with manufacturer's instruction 1)
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Table 7.12 continued
Failure, external manifestations, cause
Troubleshooting
Wobbling of steerable wheels when moving
Cone-shaped pins of HSC hy- Tighten pin nuts as indicated in section 6 "Mainte-
draulic cylinders have not been nance service"
tightened
Clearance in steering joints
Correct clearance in steering joints, as indicated in section 6 "Maintenance service"
Worn-out mechanical joints or Replace worn-out components
bearings
Air in HSC hydraulic system
Bleed air from the HSC hydraulic system by turning
steering wheel with movement of guide wheels from left-most to the right-most position (stop stop-to-
stop position) for 2-3 times
Break of dosing pump air tightness throughout spool shank, socket casing
- gerotor twin cover
Wear of spool sealing
Contact the dealer. Replacement of faulty sealing,
assembly and check of operability should be is per-
formed only by maintenance department in accordance with manufacturer's instruction 1)
Loose dosing-pump cover bolt Tighten bolts with torque of 30 to 35 N·m
Damaged sealing disks under Replace sealing disks
dosing-pump cover bolt heads
Different minimum minimal radius of tractor turning to the left and to the right
Faulty toe-in of front wheels
Adjust toe-in of front wheels according to section 6
Partial steering angle of steerable wheels Insufficient pressure in HSC hydraulic system due to the following reasons:
- faulty adjustment of dosing pump pressure relief valve (low pressure)
Contact the dealer. Adjust pressure relief valve for the required pressure1). Operation is performed only by maintenance department.
- Faulty feed pump
Contact the dealer.
Increased FDA reducing gear Make repair of FDA
steering torque
High pressure in HSC hydraulic system due to the following reasons:
Breakdown of feed pump
- Incorrect high-pressure hose Connection should be carried out in strict corre-
connection
spondence to operation manual
- locking of back-pressure valve Contact the dealer. Rinse of dosing-pump compo-
or dosing pump pressure relief nents is required. Assembly and check of operabil-
valve (perhaps due to dirt accu- ity should be is performed only by maintenance de-
mulation)
partment in accordance with manufacturer's instruc-
tion 1)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
1) Considering baffling complexity and responsibility of dosing pump from the point of view of
steering system safety, its assembly and disassembly can be carried out only by servicing per-
sonnel of manufacturing company (or other authorized maintenance department), properly
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7.13 Possible failures in the electronic control system of RLL and guidelines for troubleshooting
Cables and control system of RLL connecting diagrams is shown in Figures 7.13.1, 7.13.2. Rules of failure diagnostics of the RLL ECS are specified in clause 2.15.4 "Troubleshooting of RLL electronic control system" of subsection 2.15 "Lift linkage controls". Possible RLL electronic control system errors codes and guidelines for troubleshooting are shown in Table 7.13.
ATTENTION: DISCONNECTION OF THE ELECTRIC SOCKETS OF THE REAR LIFT LINKAGE ELECTRONIC CONTROL SYSTEM SHALL BE CARRIED OUT WHEN THE ENGINE IS NOT RUNNING ONLY!
ATTENTION: ALTERATIONS OF THE SPECIFIED VOLTAGE VALUES SHALL BE DONE WITH THE ENGINE RUNNING, WITH DUE ATTENTION TO THE SAFETY MEASURES IF OPERATING WITH ELECTRIC UNITS ON LOAD!
ATTENTION: TERMINALS IN THE CABLE SOCKETS ARE NUMBERED ON THE SOCKETS SHELLS!
ATTENTION: REPAIR OPERATIONS OF THE REAR LIFT LINKAGE AND FRONT LIFT LINKAGE ELECTRONIC CONTROL SYSTEM SHALL BE CARRIED OUT ONLY BY DEALERS. OTHERWISE THE WARRANTY FOR THE REAR LIFT LINKAGE AND FRONT LIFT LINKAGE CONTROL SYSTEM BECOMES INVALID!
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Table 7.13
Error code 11
12
13 14 15
Description, anticipated problem
Failure in the electromagnetic lift valve control circuit 9 (Figure 3.18.1). Break in the solenoid coil or in solenoid control cable
Failure in the electromagnetic lowering valve control circuit. Break in the solenoid coil 7 (Figure 3.18.1) or in solenoid control cable
Failure in the electromagnetic lowering valve or lift valve control circuit. Short circuit in one of the solenoids or short circuit of the solenoids control wires in the cable (Figure 3.18.1)
Failure in remote control buttons for lift 4 (Figure 2.15.3). Short circuit of wires or sticking of a remote control buttons for lift
Failure in remote control buttons for lowering 5 (Figure 2.15.3). Short circuit of wires or sticking of a remote control buttons for lowering
Failure inspection method
Complex defects
Disconnect the cable from the solenoid and test the solenoid with a testing apparatus to detect a break. Solenoid resistance shall not exceed 2...4 Ohm. In case the solenoid failure is not detected check the solenoid control cable for mechanical damage, and check the wire with the testing apparatus to detect if there is a break between the solenoid socket terminal and the terminal 2 of 25-pole socket of the electronic unit (Figures 7.13.1, 7.13.2) Disconnect the cable from the solenoid and test the solenoid with a testing apparatus to detect a break. Solenoid resistance shall not exceed 2...4 Ohm. In case the solenoid failure is not detected check the solenoid control cable for mechanical damage, and check the wire with the testing apparatus to detect if there is a break between the solenoid socket terminal and the terminal 14 of 25-pole socket of the electronic unit (Figures 7.13.1, 7.13.2) Disconnect the cable from the solenoid and test the solenoid with a testing apparatus to detect a short circuit. Solenoid resistance shall not exceed 2...4 Ohm. Or measure the solenoid useful current applying the current of 6 V. The current shall not exceed 3.2A. Disconnect the socket from the electronic unit, check the terminals 2 and 14 for a short circuit (the solenoids shall be disconnected during this procedure) (Figures 7.13.1, 7.13.2) Check the remote control buttons cables for mechanical damage by lift of RLL. Disable each button for lift one-by-one until the failure is gone. Stop the engine when you disable the buttons. If the failure is still not eliminated, disconnect the socket from the electronic unit and ring out the terminals 10 and 12 for a short circuit by testing apparatus (Figures 7.13.1, 7.13 Check the remote control buttons cables for mechanical damage by lift of RLL. Disable each button for lift one-by-one until the failure is gone. Stop the engine when you disable the buttons. If the failure is still not eliminated, disconnect the socket from the electronic unit and ring out the terminals 20 and 12 for a short circuit by testing apparatus (Figures 7.13.1, 7.13
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Continuation of Table 7.13
Error code
Description, anticipated problem
Failure inspection method
Failure in electronic unit. Disconnect the main control panel from the common
Stabilized power supply cable. Measure stabilized power supply voltage of the
voltage, powering the terminals 6 (minus) and 4 (plus) of the control panel
control panel is lower socket, which shall make 9.5 - 10 V (with the engine
than the required level. running). If the supply voltage is low or in absence of it,
16 Short circuit may occur in check the reliability of electronic unit socket connec-
the force and position tion. Disconnect the force sensor and the position sen-
sensors sockets of RLL sor of RLL one-by one (Figures 3.18.1, 7.13.2)
(Figure 3.18.1) caused
by water entering the
sockets
Moderate defects
1. Faulty adjustment of the position sensor.
Failure of the position Disconnect the cable socket from the sensor. Unscrew
sensor 8 (Figure 3.18.1). the sensor. Lift the LL in an uppermost position by re-
Break of the sensor wire, mote buttons or button "lift" on the solenoid (bottom so-
the sensor was not con- lenoid). Screw the sensor in by hand as far as it may go
nected or adjusted
and unscrew by 2 turns. Connect the cable socket to
the sensor. Lower and lift in an uppermost position the
LL by means of the control panel. Lift indicator shall be
out. If the indicator is still flashing, make the position
sensor further by 1/6 of a turn. Check the system op-
eration again. If it is necessary (lift indicator is not out in
an uppermost position), make the position sensor a lit-
tle bit further and try to check again. If the adjustment
was made in a proper manner, LL shall be lowered and
lifted by means of the control panel to the extreme posi-
tions. The lift indicator shall be out in an uppermost po-
sition
. Failure of the position sensor.
2.1 To check the operability of "BOSCH" position sen-
22
sor, dismount it from the tractor. According to the elec-
tric circuit diagram of the RLL control system (figure
6.12.2, the position sensor connection), it is required to
supply voltage of 10V (in case the power supply unit is
not available, voltage of 12V can be supplied from the
accumulator battery for a short moment) to: output 1
"load" (minus) and to output 3 "+" (plus) and pressing
the sensor migrating rod by a finger, measure the volt-
age at the sensor output by the testing apparatus: be-
tween output 2 "signal" and output 1 "minus". While
the full sensor rod (core) shifting, the voltage at the
sensor output shall be measured within the limits from
0.2 to 0.75 of the value of voltage supplied to the sen-
sor. If the specified parameters are broken, it is re-
quired to mount a new sensor on the tractor and adjust
it properly. Numbers of sensor outputs are indicated on
the cable socket connector which is attached to the
position sensor.
2.2 It is impossible to check the -01 sensor manu-
factured by the works "Izmeritel", operability by means
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of dismounting it from the tractor. If carrying out ad-
justments failed to eliminate the -01 sensor failure, it is required to mount a new -01 sensor on the tractor and adjust it properly. 3. Failure (break) in the cable in the sensor circuit. Check the cable according to the diagram (Figure 7.13.2)
Table 7.13 finished
Error code
Description, anticipated problem
Failure inspection method
Failure of the control Check the reliability of the control panel sockets and
panel. Potentiometer of electronic unit connection, and check the cable for
23 the depth control lever is mechanical damage. Check the voltage output ac-
damaged
cording to the electrical connections diagram (Figure
7.13.2)
Failure of the control Check the reliability of the control panel sockets and
panel. The RLL upper- electronic unit connection, and check the cable for
24 most end position lever mechanical damage. Check the voltage output ac-
is damaged
cording to the electrical connections diagram (Figure
7.13.2)
Failure of the control Check the reliability of the control panel sockets and
panel. The RLL operation electronic unit connection, and check the cable for
28 lever 7 (Figure 2.15.1) is mechanical damage. Check the voltage output ac-
damaged
cording to the electrical connections diagram (Figure
7.13.2)
31
Failure of the right force sensor 10 (Figure 3.18.1). Cable breaking or the sensor short circuit
To check if it is failure of the sensor or the cable (in circuit to the sensor), disconnect the sockets from the cable to the sensors (left and right) and interchange their positions (the socket from the left sensor to the right sensor channel and the socket from the right
32
Failure of the left force sensor 11 (Figure 3.18.1). Cable breaking or the sensor short circuit
sensor to the left sensor channel). If after that the error code has changed (31 was replaced by 32 or 32 was replaced by 31), that means that the sensor is out of order, if the error code is still the same, that means that the cable is out of order
Easy defects
Failure of the control Check the reliability of the control panel sockets and
panel. Potentiometer of electronic unit connection, and check the cable for
34 the RLL speed control mechanical damage. Check the voltage output ac-
lever is damaged
cording to the electrical connections diagram (Figure
7.13.2)
Failure of the control Check the reliability of the control panel sockets and
panel. Potentiometer of electronic unit connection, and check the cable for
36 tilling modes combination mechanical damage. Check the voltage output ac-
lever: force mode point- cording to the electrical connections diagram (Figure
to-point operation mode 7.13.2)
Code is Spontaneous lift of RLL "Lift" forward/reverse spool was blocked abroach.
not dis- after the engine start Disconnect the cable sockets from the "Lifting" and
played
"Lowering" solenoids. If the failure is still displayed,
eliminate the failure in the RLL hydraulic system.
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Figure 7.13.1 RLL electronic control system cables
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Figure 7.13.2 Electrical circuit diagram of RLL control system
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7.14 Possible failures of the hydraulic lift linkage and guidelines for troubleshooting
7.14.1 General information IT IS FORBIDDEN TO DISASSEMBLE THE SECTION OF THE DISTRIBUTION VALVE AND THE INTEGRAL UNIT DURING PERIOD OF WARRANTY. OTHERWISE THE WARRANTY FOR DISTRIBUTION VALVE SECTION AND THE INTEGRAL UNIT BECOMES INVALID!
ATTENTION: REPAIRMENT OF EHS DISTRIBUTION VALVE AND EHS DISTRIBUTION VALVE SECTIONS ELECTRONIC CONTROL SYSTEM SHOULD BE CARRIED OUT ONLY BY DEALERS. OTHERWISE THE WARRANTY FOR DISTRIBUTION VALVE SECTION AND THE INTEGRAL UNIT BECOMES INVALID!
IT IS FORBIDDEN TO ROTATE THE SPOOL ABOUT ITS AXES. SUCH ROTATION CAN RESULT IN BREAKDOWN OF THE HYDRAULIC COMPONENTS IN THE DISTRIBUTION VALVE SECTION.
7.14.2 Guidelines for troubleshooting in HLL
Possible failures in HLL and guidelines for troubleshooting are shown in Table 7.14.
Table 7.14
Failure, external manifestations, cause
Troubleshooting
LL hydraulic-system pressure loss (RLL can not be lifted, pressure loss or no
pressure of pressure at external outputs), overheating and/or foaming of hydraulic oil
takes place
Loss of pump efficiency
Replace the pump
Air inflow in the hydraulic system Check and tighten the suction line clamps if neces-
suction line
sary. If the failure can not be eliminated, replace
the oil suction line
Check integrity and replace if necessary suction
line hose pipe.
Check and replace if necessary O-ring under foot
pipe
Water in HLL tank (oil became red- Change oil
whity)
Lighting up of the lift indicator lo- Perform the RLL position sensor adjustment ac-
cated in the RLL control panel after cording to the Table 7.12 (code 22)
the lifting is completed means that
the RLL position sensor is not ad-
justed
One or more distribution valve con- Adjust lever hub on axis, ensuring their free
trol levers are not in neutral posi- movement
tion. Levers don't go back to neutral
position after they were taken off
from fixed operating position
Low oil level in HLL tank
Refill oil up to the required level
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Continuation of Table 7.14
Failure, external manifestations, cause
Troubleshooting
Overheating of HLL oil in course of tractor operation with an implement with
hydraulic oil motor coupled
Wrong choice of hydraulic motor for Adjust engine rpm or change hydraulic motor or in-
the implement. Hydraulic motor oil stall hydraulic fluid cooler on hydraulic motor drain
consumption should be by 10...15%
below pump output flow at engine
operating speed
Implement delivery pipe or drain Replace pipes by the recommended ones accord-
pipe have restricted flow passages ing to subsection 5.5 "Features of tractor hydraulic
system use for actuation of mover working attach-
ments and other components of coupled hydrauli-
cally operated implements and units" of this opera-
tion manual
Hydraulic motor of the implement Replace worn-out hydraulic motor
lost efficiency coefficient
Oil drain from hydraulic motor Ensure oil drain from hydraulic motor through trac-
through active section of distribu- tor spare drain
tion valve
HLL pressure loss (RLL can not be lifted, pressure loss or no pressure of pressure at external outputs), hydraulic system overheating does not occur
Locking of differential pressure Perform the following actions: control valve (overload relief valve) - rinse the valve in access cap of integrated unit) - check pressure at any external output, which
should be 20.0-2.5 MPa - valve rinsing should be carried out at the dealers
center by specially trained personnel
Spontaneous lowering of RLL (lowering without a command received from the instrument panel or remote control buttons) Deadlock of the lowering valve of a Failure can be eliminated only by a dealer in a serregulatory section R -23LS (if vice centre in the following manner: integrated unit BOSCH is installed) - dismount the electro hydraulic section (ER), by
unscrewing the nuts of the stud-bolts of the integral unit. During dismounting procedure pay attention to integrity of the O-rings and the shuttle valve (OR VALVE), both in the regulatory section and in the distribution valve neighboring section; - disassemble the lowering valve R-23LS and rinse its components according to subsection 7.14.3 "Lowering valve of the section R-23LS disassembly procedure; - put the electro hydraulic section (ER) back in its place Deadlock of the lowering valve of a To eliminate failure contact your dealer regulatory section (if hydraulic unit 70-1523.1 is installed)
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End of Table 7.14 Failure, external manifestations,
cause
Troubleshooting
Spontaneous lifting of RLL (lifting without a command received from the in-
strument panel or remote control buttons)
Deadlock of the lift spool of a regu- Elimination of failure should be carried out directly
latory section R-23LS (if inte- in tractor, without the need of integrated unit disas-
grated unit BOSCH is installed)
sembly, for which perform the following:
- thread out four screws fastening lower solenoid
13 (Figure 7.14.1) then withdraw the solenoid ;
- withdraw the lift spool 14 and the spring 15, rinse
the mentioned components and the bore in the
section housing;
- assemble the lift valve in reverse sequence
Deadlock of the lift spool of a regu- To eliminate failure contact your dealer
latory section (if hydraulic unit
70-1523.1 is installed)
Failure diagnostics signaling device located on the RLL control panel reports numerical error codes Damage in electrical wiring, sole- Eliminate the failure according to the subsection noids, corrosion of terminals, sen- 7.13 "Possible failures in the electronic control syssors failure (force or position) of tem of RLL, and guidelines for troubleshooting" RLL ECS.
7.14.3 Section R-23LS lowering valve disassembly procedure
1 counter nut; 2 worm; 3 worm gear wheel; 4 washer; 5 spring; 6 lock nut; 7 lowering valve assembled; 8 solenoid; 9 screw; 10 section housing; 11 cap; 12 coil; 13 solenoid; 14 lift spool; 15 spring.
Figure 7.14.1 Regulatory section R-23LS
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Lowering valve R-23LS disassembly is carried out according to the procedure stated below::
1. Unscrew four screws.9 (figure 7.14.1) by hexagon wrench 3 mm, removing the coil 12 before by unscrewing the cap 11, withdraw the upper solenoid 8 from the section housing 10.
2. Measure the dimension "" with accuracy of not less than 0.1 mm. 3. Unscrew the counter nut 1 of the warm 2 locking, screw the warm out (hexagon wrenches with 6mm head). 4. Screw the worm gear wheel 3 in up to the stop, ensuring the reduction of spring pressing up force 5 by a hexagon wrench with 16mm head. 5. Remove the lock ring 16 and the washer 4 from the valve spindle 7. 6. Withdraw the spring from the valve 5. 7. Screw out the worm gear wheel 3 from the section housing by hexagon wrench with 17 mm head. 8. Screw out the lock nut 6 of the lowering valve assembled from the section housing 10 hexagon wrench with 17 mm head. 9. Withdraw the lowering valve assembled 7 from the section housing 10. 10. Disassemble the lowering valve assembled 7. 11. Rinse all the components withdrawn from the section housing 10, and rinse the section housing with the diesel fuel or petroleum also. 12. Assemble all components in reverse sequence, ensuring the dimension "A" value. Measured before disassembly procedure.
ATTENTION: SECTION R-23LS LOWERING VALVE DISASSEMBLY PROCEDURE SHALL BE CARRIED OUT ONLY BY DEALERS!
7.15 Possible failures in the electrical equipment and guidelines for troubleshooting
7.15.1 General information Marking of all electrical equipment components GB1, FU1, 1, QS1, SA1 and etc.), corresponds to electric circuit diagram for "BELARUS-1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3" that is enclosed to the present operation manual (Annex B). Blowing of a fuse elements FU in switching unit (SU) is indicated by red led lamps upon switching of any load. When faulty fuse element is replaced install properly operating fuse element of the same specific power, otherwise switching unit and tractor electrics can be damaged. Purpose of any fuse element and switching unit relay is specified in labels put on plastic cover of the SU and in clause 2.17.2 "Fuses of the electrical equipment".
7.15.2 Search and elimination of failures in electrics power-supply
7.15.2.1 Absence of power supply to the whole system power ) Test fuse element 60 on a fuse block F1 located in a battery compartment for operability. Replace in case of failure. b) Test power circuit breaker QS1 for operability by testing its switching ability in manual mode. If power circuit breaker does not operate in manual mode replacement is needed. If power circuit breaker operates in manual mode, check operability of remote battery disconnect switch SA11 in instrument board and circuit operability from key SA11 to terminal "3" of circuit breaker QS1, including fuse element FU29 (15) operability 7.15.2.2 AB (GB1) charge is nil with the motor running, generator does not operate ) Test generator G1 for operability for what connect testing apparatus to terminal "+' and generator housing. Test voltage it should be about 12 12.7 V before engine startup, and 13.5 15 V after engine start-up. If these conditions (at standard AB (GB1) charge) are not observed, contact your dealer for generator repair.
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b) It is necessary to check voltage terminal "" of the generator with gauges engaged (SA10 switch key is in the first position "I") and with the motor stopped. Voltage should be from 0.8 to 1.2 V, in case it differs correct the trouble in added resistance circuit R1 (located in SU).
ATTENTION: TEST OF GENERATOR OPERABILITY BY MEANS OF BATTERY DISCONNECTION, CONNECTION OF TERMINAL "+" TO TRACTOR FRAME WITH THE MOTOR RUNNING CAN RESULT IN GENERATOR BREAKDOWN!
7.15.2.3 Auxiliary AB (GB2) charge is nil with the motor running Absence of charge (nonoperability of voltage converter UZ1) of auxiliary accumulator battery GB2 can show through low frequency of engine cranking by starter while other tractor systems and units are properly operating. Other types of failures and troubleshooting methods are possible: 1. Indicating lamp (red led lamp) on value indicating scale in on-board circuit in instrument cluster 2 does not light up after engine start. It indicates failure of charging rate in auxiliary AB (GB2). Perform the following actions: - assure oneself of generator G1 operability as indicated in cl. 7.14.2.2. - assure oneself of ground on the converter housing UZ1. - test fuse element FU34 operability with specific power of 20 in the converter housing UZ1. - test voltage on terminals "" and "- 2" UZ1 in reference to the converter housing with the motor running and generator properly operating G1. Voltage shall be from 13.5 to 15 V; if voltage is below the specified value restore corresponding circuits "" and "- 2" from generator to voltage converter. - measured voltage on terminals of auxiliary AB (GB2) in 5 minutes after engine start-up, the voltage should be within the range from 13.5 to 15 V. If it is below the required value check circuit continuity from terminal "+ 2" of the converter to terminal"30" of the starter. If the circuit does not operate properly replace the converter UZ1. Note Test charging rate from voltage converter can be executed by means of multimeter connection in current measurement mode (measurement range is up to 10A) instead of fuse element, installed on the converter housing. Test should be carried out after some period of operation, when charging rate is decreased in converter output circuit up to . Meanwhile in converter output circuit current of 10A should be displayed (depending on AB charging rate (GB2). 2. Indicating lamp in voltmeter scale in instrument cluster 2 does not light up after engine start when instruments are engaged with motor not running. Perform the following: ) check presence of ground on the converter housing, if there is no "ground" draw a wire from tractor transmission housing. b) provide "ground" for terminal "" of the converter UZ1, if indicating lamp does not light up check circuit "" for continuance within the range from the converter UZ1 to instrument cluster 2, if the circuit is operational check instrument cluster 2 or replace the converter UZ1.
3. Main reasons for nonoperability of properly operating converter UZ1: - voltage on terminal "" of generator is below 5.5 V; - voltage of on-board circuit is below 12.4 V; - voltage of on-board circuit exceeds 15.6 V; - overheating VC at temperature exceeding 110 °. - load current at terminal "+2 (28 V)" is below 15 m (bad contact in charging circuit, terminal corrosion of converter fuse block installation); Note Current decrease in charging circuit of auxiliary AB (GB2) is below 15 m can give evidence of standard accumulator charging, when this happens the converter shuts down and charge indicating lamp lights up in voltage indicator of ob-board circuit.
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Voltage in terminals of AB (GB1 and GB2) in proper operating charge system should be much the same and correspond to generator voltage and make from 13 to 15
7.15.2.4 Simultaneously all working lamps fail to operate on the cab roof, lamps of the sign "Road-train", air conditioner, dome lamp, window wiper and rear window washer. ) Check fuse 80A operability on the fuse block F3. In case of failure, replace the fuse. b) If fuse 80A operates properly, check the operability of the electric circuit from the fuse block F3 to the fuse block F2.
7.15.3 Search and elimination of failures in engine start-up system
7.15.3.1 Starter makes low rpm (if winter operating conditions are observed) ) Correct possible unfastening or corrosion of power circuit terminals: - on accumulator batteries; - on clutch coupling case ("minus" circuit); - on power circuit breaker QS1; - on starter terminals and starter fixture. b) Test state of charge, level and electrolyte density and state of accumulator batteries (terminal and cap surface cleanness). Charge and carry out maintenance services of AB if necessary. c) If after abovementioned operations have been carried out starter starting rpm have not changed, contact your dealer for starter repair.
7.15.3.2 Solenoid starter switch responds (when it is switched on token sound can be heard), but starter does not rotate:
) If indicating lamp on instrument board operates normally, contact your dealer for starter repair;
b) If indicating lamp on instrument board deaden significantly, then perform operations, described in cl. 7.15.3.1.
7.15.3.3 Starter won't start. The following types of failures and troubleshooting methods:
1. Check starter for operability by means of connection with indicating lamp (indicating lamp for starter test should be 24V) to "ground" by one wire and by another wire one at a time to:
- load-bearing terminal; - solenoid starter switch terminal (by turning starter switch key to position "II" with range selector lever set in neutral position). If in both cases indicating lamp: - lights contact your dealer for starter repair; - won`t light or lights in one of the abovementioned cases make repairs on electrical power supply circuits and start control.
2. Test starter interlock switch S3 operation with transmission range engaged. Interlock switch have follower in the form of rod with normally closed contacts. The interlock switch is located in speed control mechanism and put into circuit (brown wire) between coil (9.2) starter relay 9 (located in SU) and "ground". When transmission range is engaged breaker contacts will unclose, locking engine start. When transmission range selector lever is in neutral position, the control follower won't have an effect on switch plunger, its contacts are closed ensuring "ground" of coil of starter relay 9 and possibility of engine start-up.
To test breaker S3 operability perform the following: - remove wires holding block from terminals of switch; - switch on multimeter in "ohmmeter" mode by connecting it to breaker S3 con-
tact;
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- set transmission range selector lever in neutral position; breaker contacts should be closed, resistance tends to zero;
- set transmission range selector lever in operating position breaker contacts should be unclosed, resistance tends to infinity;
- in case the specified requirements are not met dismount the breaker S3; - carry out testing of dismounted breaker, - if its nonoperability is confirmed replace interlock switch; - if its operability is confirmed adjust interlock switch using adjusting washer.
3 Check operability of starter interlock system circuits with GB in "on" position as follows:
- Check operability of circuit from a starter relay 9 coil (9.2) to interlock switch 63 for which purpose connect an indicating lamp between terminal "+" of AB and switching unit output F to terminal "86" of relay coil (9.2), with relay K9 withdrawn, thus:
- The led lamp should be on when transmission range selector lever is in neutral position and if circuit under test operates properly;
- The led lamp should be off when shifting of transmission range selector lever into "on" position, or, if circuit under test has failures.
4 Check operability of circuits and engine start-up ware, for which purpose perform the following:
- remove instrument board side bar;
- check operability of starter switch SA9, by connecting an indicating lamp to "ground" with one wire and with another wire to switch terminals one at a time:
) terminals "30", "19" - green wires (battery disconnect switch should be on); b) terminal "58" - yellow wires (key should be turned into first position); c) terminal "50" - red wires (key should be turned into second fixed position); Indicating lamp should be on in all cases.
- check circuits operability and current supply to terminal 9 of starter relay located in SU:
- connect indicating lamp to "ground" with one wire and with another wire to relay terminals one at a time:
) power terminal "30" b) coil terminal "85" Key should be turned into second fixed position. Indicating lamp (during starter relay test use 24V indicating lamp) should be on in both cases.
- Check operability of circuit from a starter relay 6 to solenoid starter switch;
WARNING: SET THE TRANSMISSION RANGE SELECTOR LEVER INTO NEUTRAL POSITION. OPERATOR MUST BE IN CAB!
- place a bridge between power terminals "30" and "88" starter relay 6 using auxiliary wire as a connector. Start-up of starter and diesel engine start-up should be initiated at the moment (by-passing control and start-up lock circuits).
- check operability on starter relay 6; - turn starter switch key into position "II". Starter relay actuation and engine start-up should be initiated at the moment. During check of operability of circuit from interlock switch to starter relay 9 it is necessary to assure oneself of starter start-up interlock relay 19 properly operating relay has constantly closed circuit (power contact (19.1) 30 and 88).
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7.15.4 Search and elimination of failures in lighting facilities
7.15.4.1 Lamps of road-train HL1, HL2, HL3 do not operate: ) Check operability of fuse «» (7,5 ) on the fuse block F2. In case of failure replace the fuse. b) If the fuse operates properly, it is required to check by means of a tester if there is power supply on the terminals of the road-train lamps when the switch SA1 is on and availability of "load" on the road-train lamps. In case there is no power supply, restore faulty electrical circuits or replace the switch SA1. If there is power supply, replace glow lamps EL5, EL6 or EL7 of the corresponding lamp.
7.15.4.2 Cab dome lamp 5 does not operate ) Check operability of fuse «» (7,5 ) on the fuse block F2. In case of failure replace the fuse. b) If the fuse operates properly, it is required to check by means of a tester if there is power supply on the terminal of the dome lamp when the switch located on the dome lamp housing is on, and availability of "load' on the non-operating dome lamp. In case there is no power supply, restore faulty electrical circuits. If there is power supply, replace glow lamp EL8 of the corresponding lamp.
7.15.4.3 Working lights 3, 4, 9, 12, 10, 11 on the cab roof do not operate (all of them or some) ) Check operability of corresponding fuses «» (15 ), «» (25 ), «» (15 ) on the fuse block F2. In case of failure replace the corresponding fuse. b) ) If the fuse operates properly, it is required to check by means of a tester if there is power supply on the terminal of the non-operating lamp when the corresponding switch 63, S4 or S5 of the working lamps pair is on, and availability of "load" on the nonoperating lamp. In case there is no power supply, restore faulty electrical circuits or replace the corresponding switch. If there is power supply, replace glow lamp EL of the corresponding non-operating lamp.
7.15.4.4 Working lights E6 and E7 located on the front lamps brackets do not operate ) If both lights 6 and 7 do not operate, check operability of the fuse «» (30 ) on the fuse block F1. In case of failure replace the fuse. b) If the fuse operates properly, it is required to check by means of a tester if there is power supply on the terminal of the non-operating lamp when the switch S12 is on, and availability of "load" on the non-operating lamp. In case there is no power supply, restore faulty electrical circuits from F3 to the non-operating lamp or replace the switch. If there is power supply, replace glow lamp EL11 or EL12 of the corresponding non-operating lamp.
7.15.4.5 Lower beam of lights 1, 2 does not operate ) Check operability of the corresponding fuses of right and left lights of lower beam ©» (7,5 ) «» (7,5 ) on the fuse block F4. In case of failure replace the corresponding fuse. b) If the fuse operates properly when the key switch SA9 on the dashboard is on in the position «II» and in the position of under-steering switch SA8 "lower beam is on", check operability of relay 9 under the dashboard. In case of failure, replace the relay. c) If the fuse and the relay operate properly when the key switch SA9 on the dashboard is on in the position «II» and in the position of under-steering switch SA8 lower beam is on", check by means of a tester availability of power supply on terminals of joints XS3.1, XS3.2 of lower beam circuits. In case there is no power supply, restore faulty electrical circuits from block F5, relay 9, switches SA8 and SA9 to the non-operating lamp. In case there is power supply, replace the lamps EL1 or EL2 of the non-operating lamp.
7.15.4.6 Upper beam of lights 1, 2 does not operate ) Check operability of fuses of upper beam «» (25 ) on the fuse block F5. In case of failure replace the fuse.
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b) If the fuse operates properly when the key switch SA9 on the dashboard is on in the position «II» and in the position of under-steering switch SA8 «upper beam is on", check operability of the relay 10 under the dashboard. In case of failure replace the relay.
c) If the fuse and the relay operate properly when the key switch SA9 on the dashboard is on in the position «II» and in the position of under-steering switch SA8 "upper beam is on", check by means of a tester if there is power supply on the terminals of joints XS3.1, XS3.2 of upper beam circuits. If there is no power supply, restore faulty electrical circuits from the block F5, relay 10, switches SA8 and SA9 to the non-operating lamp. If there is power supply, replace the lamps EL1 or EL2 of the non-operating lamp.
7.15.4.7 Marker lights of lamps HL4, HL5, HL6, HL7 and the number-plate light 8 do not operate (all of them or some) ) Check operability of the corresponding fuses of the starboard side «» (15 ) and the portside «» (7,5 ) on the fuse block F4. In case of failure replace the corresponding fuse.
b) If the fuses operate properly, check by means of a tester if there is power supply on the terminal of the marker light «58» of the non-operating lamp when the switch SA9 is on and availability of "load" on the non-operating lamp. If there is no power supply, restore faulty electrical circuits from the switch SA9, block F4 to the non-operating lamp or replace the switch SA9. If there is power supply, replace the corresponding glow lamps of the nonoperating lamp.
7.15.4.8 Turn indicators of lamps HL4, HL5, HL6, HL7 do not operate ) Check operability of fuse «» (7,5 ) on the fuse block F4. In case of failure replace the fuse. b) If the fuse operates properly, check by means of a tester if there is power supply on the fuse block F4 (to fuses «» and «»). If there is no power supply on the fuse block, check if there is power supply on the terminal «58» of the starter and instruments switch SA10 with the switch key position «I». If there is power supply on the terminal «58», restore faulty electrical circuits. If there is no power supply on the terminal «58»m replace the switch SA10. c) By means of a tester check if there is power supply on the terminal of turn indicator «L/R» of the non-operating lamp when the turn switch S8 is on and availability of "load" on the non-operating lamp. If there is no power supply, restore faulty electrical circuits. If there is power supply, replace the turn indicator glow lamp of the corresponding non-operating lamp. d) In case the electrical circuits and switches operate properly, replace the flasher unit 1.
Note In case turn indicators operate in the mode of turn and do not operate in the mode of alarm signaling, check operability of fuse «» (15 ) on the fuse block F5 and the alarm signaling switch SB4. Replace the faulty element.
Note When the switch SA8 or S4 is on and the relay 1 operates properly, on the terminal «49» of relay 1 there shall be constant voltage of 12V, on the terminal «49» there shall be discontinuous voltage of 12V.
7.15.4.9 Indicators of stop lights HL6, HL7 do not operate ) Check operability of fuse «» (15 ) on the fuse block F5. In case of failure - replace the fuse. b) If the fuse operates properly, check power supply by means of a tester on the terminal of the stop light «54» of the non-operating lamp when switch S2 is on (brake pedals are depressed) and availability of `load' on the non-operating lamp. In case there is no power supply, restore faulty electrical circuits from block F5 to the non-operating lamp or replace the switch 62. If there is power supply, replace the corresponding glow lamps of the non-operating lamp.
7.15.5 Search and elimination of failures in air conditioner electrics
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WARNING: AIR CONDITIONER DOES NOT OPERATE (DOES NOT COOL DOWN) WHEN THE ENGINE IS OFF!
7.15.5.1 Air conditioner motor does not operate 2 ) Check in SU operability of fuse element FU7 (25) of power supply of air conditioner motor 2, in case of malfunction replace the motor. b) By means of indicating lamp test power supply availability on electric motor 2 when switch S1 is on and "ground" availability on electric motor 2. If power is not supplied replace the switch.
7.15.5.2 Air conditioner does not operate (no cooling effect) with the motor running Check compressor clutch (YC, 9.2) operation. When switch S1 is turned the compressor clutch should switch on in one of the positions (audible click). Otherwise by means of multimeter check operability of pressure sensors module 9.3. Measuring unit outputs (70) and (70) should be closed among themselves. If these outputs are not closed replace pressure sensors module 9.3.
7.15.6 Search and elimination of failures in operation of front and rear wiper, windscreen washer, acoustic alarm
7.15.6.1 Front wiper 4 does not work ) Check in SU operability of fuse element FU21 (15) of power supply of front wiper 4, replace fuse element if it is faulty. b) By means of indicating lamp test power supply availability on carrier socket of wiper (wire 65 red or 65 green depending on the wiper speed chosen by means of underwheel switch SA6). If power is not supplied replace the switch. If power is supplied replace the wiper.
7.15.6.2 Rear wiper 5 does not work: ) Check in SU operability of fuse element FU6 (7,5) of power supply of rear wiper 5 and rear windscreen washer 6, replace fuse element if it is faulty. b) By means of indicating lamp test power supply availability on wiper when switch SA2 is on and availability of "ground" on wiper. If power is not supplied replace the switch SA2. If power is supplied replace motor-reducer 5.
7.15.6.3 Windscreen washer 3 does not operate ) Check operability of corresponding fuse element (FU21 and FU6) in SU. Replace fuse element if it is faulty. b) By means of indicating lamp test power supply availability on electric motor of washer reservoir pump when windscreen washer switch is on and availability of "ground" on electric motor (3 or 6) of reservoir. If power is supplied replace windscreen washer electric motor. If power is not supplied replace the corresponding switch.
7.14.6.4 Acoustic alarms 1 and 2 do not work ) Check in SU operability of fuse element FU16 (15) of power supply of acoustic alarms, replace fuse element if it is faulty. b) By means of indicating lamp test power supply availability on coil terminals 10.2) "85" of horn relay 10 when switch SA11 is on. If power is not supplied replace switch. In case of relay actuation (relay audible click), replace acoustic alarms.
7.15.6.4 Acoustic alarms 1 and 2 do not work ) Check in SU operability of fuse element FU16 (15) of power supply of acoustic alarms, replace fuse element if it is faulty. b) By means of indicating lamp test power supply availability on coil terminals 10.2) "85" of horn relay 10 when switch SA11 is on. If power is not supplied replace switch. In case of relay actuation (relay audible click), replace acoustic alarms.
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7.15.7 Search and elimination of failures in operation of heating plugs
Failures in operations of heating plugs can be detected by hampered engine start at subzero temperatures (in case tractor operating conditions and operability of other systems are observed). Under mode of indicating lamp operation of heating plugs on HG1 block, governed by control unit of heating plugs 8, different heating plugs operational failures, listed in subsection 3.21.2 "Heating plugs operation principle" are possible. The specified failures should be eliminated prior to the beginning of tractor operation.
7.15.8 Search and elimination of failures in test instruments operation located on the dashboard
7.15.8.1 General information. On tractors "BELARUS 1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3" oil pressure sensors in the engine BP1, oil pressure sensors in the transmission BP2, air pressure sensors in the pneumatic system BP3, sensors of cooling liquid temperature in the engine BK1 are used together with the instrument board for displaying tractor systems operation. Operation of fuel volume indicator of the instrument board is carried out by the fuel volume sensor signal () BN1.
On the integrated indicator: - operation of the engine tachometer indicator is carried out by the phase winding signal «W» of alternator G1; - operation of tractor movement speed indicator is carried out by the signal from rear wheel BV1 and BV3 rated speed sensor; - operation of RPTO rpm indicator is carried out by the signal from rear PTO BV2 rated speed sensor.
Emergency operation modes of tractor systems are shown by the following sensors: - emergency (low) oil pressure in the engine SP2; - emergency (low) air pressure in the pneumatic system SP4; - emergency (high) cooling liquid temperature SK1; - clogged air cleaner filter SP1; - decrease in oil pressure in the HSC system SP3; - low level of hydraulic-brake fluid SL1;
7.15.8.2 The instrument board, integrated indicator and control lamp unit do not operate with the starter and instruments SA10 switch key in the position "I"
) Check operability of fuse «» (15 ) on the fuse block F4. In case of failure - replace the fuse.
b) If the fuse operates properly, check by means of a tester if there is power supply on the joining cable sockets at the dashboard according to the electrical circuit of Annex B. If there is power supply, replace faulty instruments. In case there is no power supply, check operability of starter and instruments SA10 switch, availability of voltage on terminal "30" of switch SA10 as well as operability of electrical circuits from the switch SA10 to the instruments 1, 2 and HG1. If there are circuit breakages eliminate them In case the switch SA10 is faulty replace it.
c) If there is no power supply on terminal "30" of the switch SA10, check operability of fuse «» (30) in the fuse block F1. If the fuse is faulty replace it.
d) If the fuse «» (30) operates properly in the fuse block F1, check circuit integrity from the fuse block F3 to the starter and instruments switch SA10. In case there are circuit breakages eliminate them.
7.15.8.3 The instrument board does not operate when the engine is on, the integrated indicator only displays the annunciator of on-board increased voltage.
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Stop the engine, turn the starter and instrument switch key (SA10) into the position of instruments on "I". If the instruments operate replace the regulating relay of alternator voltage or alternator itself (the repair shall be carried out by the dealer).
7.15.8.4 When the instruments are on, the starter and instruments SA10 switch key is in the position "I" and the engine is off, there is no audible beep of alarm signaling (buzzer).
Check operability of electrical circuits of wire connection to the survival kit relayannunciator. In case there is no voltage on the yellow-black wire restore the circuit integrity. If there is voltage, connect tractor on-board "minus" signal to the second output of the survival kit relay-annunciator for a short period. If relay-annunciator fails to operate - replace the survival kit. If the circuits and the survival kit relay-annunciator operate properly replace the combination P2 or send it to the repair shop.
7.15.8.5 The instrument board and integrated indicator lighting does not operate while marker lights are on.
) If marker lights of the starboard side operate it indicates that fuse «» (15) in the fuse block F4 is in a good operating order. It is required to check operability of electrical circuits from the fuse to the instruments 1 and 2. If there are circuit breakages eliminate these breakages.
b) If electrical circuits operate properly, replace the corresponding instruments. In case electrical circuits operate properly, replace the corresponding instruments.
7.15.8.6 The indicator arrow of cooling liquid temperature reads off scale when the engine is not overheated.
) Check operability of cooling liquid 1 temperature sensor for which it is required to disconnect the socket from the sensor. If in this case the temperature indicator arrow in the combination is set above the mark "40°" replace the sensor.
b) If the instrument arrow goes on reading off scale after disconnecting the socket from the sensor, it is required to check the electrical circuit the sensor indicator for locking absence in tractor body. If there is locking eliminate it.
c) In case the circuit operates properly (there is no locking) replace or send the combination 2 to the repair shop.
7.15.8.7 The indicator arrow of oil pressure in the engine reads off scale when the engine lubrication system operates properly.
) Check operability of oil pressure sensor in the engine 1, for which it is required to disconnect the socket from the sensor and by means of a bonding strip lock the contact of the socket for tractor "load" for a short period. If the oil indicator arrow is set at the mark "0" in the combination replace the sensor.
b) If the instrument arrow goes on reading off scale, it is required to check the electrical circuit sensor indicator for presence of breakage. If the circuit is broken eliminate the breakage.
c) If the circuit operates properly (there are no breakages) replace or send combination P2 to the repair shop.
7.15.8.8 The indicator arrow of air pressure in the pneumatic system reads off scale when the pressure in the pneumatic system is normal.
) Check operability of air pressure sensor in the pneumatic system 3 for which it is required to disconnect the socket from the sensor and by means of a bonding strip lock wires in the socket for a short period. If the pressure indicator arrow in the combination is set at the mark "0" replace the sensor.
b) If the instrument arrow goes on reading off scale, it is required to check the electrical circuit sensor indicator for presence of breakage. If the circuit is broken eliminate the breakage.
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c) If the circuit operates properly (there are no breakages) replace or send the combination P2 to the repair shop.
7.15.8.9 The indicator arrow of oil pressure in the transmission reads off scale while the pressure in the transmission hydraulic system is normal.
) Check operability of oil pressure sensor in the transmission 2 lubrication system for which it is required to disconnect the socket from the sensor and by means of a bonding strip lock the contact of the socket for tractor "load" for a short period. If the oil indicator arrow is set for the mark "0" in the combination replace the sensor.
b) If the instrument arrow goes on reading off scale, check the electrical circuit sensor indicator for presence of breakage. If the circuit is broken eliminate the breakage.
c) If the circuit operates properly (there are no breakages) replace or send the combination P2 to the repair shop.
7.15.8.10 The indicator arrow of fuel capacity in the instrument board is located at the zero mark, the signal lamp of fuel reserve capacity in the tank is on, when the fuel tank is filled up normally.
The operation principle of FCFS is the following: Frequency signal in the range from 500 Hz (empty tank) to 1500 Hz (full tank) goes from the FCFS to the fuel capacity indicator on the instrument board. At the frequency of 625 Hz the instrument board activates the signal lamp of fuel "reserve capacity" in the tank. Troubleshooting in the operation of FCFS shall be carried out in the following order: ) It is required to check circuit integrity in the cable along transmission from twelvecontact cylindrical connectors XS12.1, XP12.1 to the connecting three-contact socket XS3.3 of wire connection to the FCFS (BN1), if necessary restore electrical circuits. The diagram of FCFS connection to the three-contact cable socket is shown in figure 7.15.1. The application of socket contacts is shown in table 7.15. Electrical circuits of FCFS are considered properly operating if with the starter and instruments SA10 switch in the position "I", the following conditions are observed:
- the voltage on the wire of contact No.3 of socket for cable connection to the FCFS shall be 12V;
- there shall be "load" on the wire of contact No.2 of the socket; - frequency signal on the wire (contact No.1 of the socket) with the FCFS and combination connected, shall change within the range from 500 to 1500 Hz depending on the degree of fuel tank occupation. b) If the electrical circuits operate properly, it is required to dismantle the FCFS from the tank. Check if there is sediment in the fuel tank, in case there is sediment drain it as pipes of FCFS can get locked if there is big amount of sediment at the tank bottom. It is also required to inspect FCFS from outside for presence of accumulated dirt between the gauge tubes. In case there is dirt clean the FCFS.
c) If upon performing all abovementioned instructions the data of the fuel capacity indicator on the instruments board are still not available, it is necessary to replace the FCFS.
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12V
indicator
minus
Figure 7.15.1 The diagram of FCFS connection to the three-contact cable socket
Table 7.15 Application of cable socket contacts in the part of FCFS connection
Contact No. 1 2 3
Application The signal of "fuel capacity in the tank" to the indicator "S" "Load" of sensor power supply Sensor power supply 12V
7.15.8.11 On the II display the message about the failure «FUEL» appears. Eliminate the failure as specified in clause 7.15.8.10.
7.15.8.12 In case of arrow shifting of one or several instrument board indicators in relation to zero marks when there is no oil and air pressure, with cold engine, it is required to replace the instrument board as indicator arrows turned on the stepping motor axis of the combination. When using the indicator with the turned arrow on the stepping motor axis, the display of the current value in the process of tractor operation will be inaccurate.
7.15.8.13 The pilot lamp of emergency oil pressure in the engine is off when the engine is not running.
) Check sensor operability of emergency oil pressure in the engine SP2 for which it is required to disconnect the wire from the sensor and lock on tractor "load' for a short period. If the lamp is on replace the sensor.
b) In case the lamp is still off, check operability of the electrical circuit in the system sensor pilot lamp for presence of breakages. If the circuit is broken eliminate the breakage.
c) If the circuit operates properly (there are no breakages) replace or send combination P2 to the repair shop.
7.15.8.14 The pilot lamp of emergency oil pressure in the engine is on when the engine is running and the lubrication system operates properly (pressure in the engine lubrication system is over 100KPa).
) Check operability of the emergency oil pressure sensor in the engine SP2 for which it is necessary to disconnect the wire from the sensor. If the lamp goes out replace the sensor.
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b) If the lamp does not go out, check the electrical circuit operability in the system sensor pilot lamp for presence of locking on tractor body. If the circuit is short cut - eliminate the failure. .
c) in case the circuit operates properly (there are no short cuts) replace or send the combination P2 to the repair shop.
7.15.8.15 The pilot lamp of emergency cooling liquid temperature in the engine is on, when the cooling system operates properly (the engine is not overheated, the cooling liquid temperature is lower than 105 °).
) Check operability of emergency cooling liquid S1 temperature for which it is required to disconnect the wire from the sensor. If the lamp goes out replace the sensor.
b) If the lamp does not go out, check the electrical circuit operability in the system sensor pilot lamp for presence of locking on tractor body. If the circuit is short cut eliminate the failure.
c) If the circuit operates properly (there are no short cuts) replace or send the combination P2 to the repair shop.
7.15.8.16 The pilot lamp of emergency air pressure in the pneumatic system is on, when the engine is running and the pneumatic system operates properly (the pressure in the pneumatic system is over 500KPa).
) Check sensor operability of emergency air pressure in the pneumatic system SP4 for which it is required to disconnect the wire from the sensor. If the lamp goes out replace the sensor.
b) If the lamp does not go out, check electrical circuit operability in the system sensor pilot lamp for presence of locking on tractor body. If the circuit is short cut eliminate the failure.
c) If the circuit operates properly (there are no short cuts) replace or send the combination P2 to the repair shop.
7.15.8.17 The data on engine rpm are missing on the arrow indicator of II when the engine is running.
) Check alternator operability: availability of alternating voltage on the terminal "W" for which it is required to connect the multimeter in the mode of frequency meter to the termianl "W". If there is no frequency replace or send the alternator to the repair shop.
b) In case there is frequency on the terminal "W", check the electrical circuit operability from the terminal "W" to the connecting socket of II accordingly. If the circuit is broken eliminate the breakage.
c) If the circuit operates properly (there are no breakages) replace or send II P1 to the repair shop.
7.15.8.18 The data on engine rpm on the arrow indicator of II do not correspond to the real values.
Check the values of programmed parameters in accordance with subsection 3.21.3 "The programming procedure of integrated indicator". If the parameter values do not correspond enter the required ones. If they correspond contact your dealer for troubleshooting. It is required to carry out additional research on output frequency check from the terminal "W", either alternator or II can have failures.
7.15.8.19 The data on tractor speed while movement are missing on the arrow indicator.
) Check availability of frequency signal from speed sensors BV1 or BV3 on the connecting socket, and dashboard cable connection to the II for which it is required to connect the multimeter in the mode of frequency measurement to signal wires in the socket. In case there are signals while tractor movement, do the following: by means of a bonding strip connect for a short period the wire from the properly operating frequency
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sensor of fuel capacity BN1 to signal wires in the connecting II slot one by one. If the speed indicator arrow does not deviate replace or send the II P1 to the repair shop.
b) If there are no signals from speed sensors, check supply voltage availability of speed sensors BV1, BV3 according to the electrical circuit of Annex B. If there is no supply voltage eliminate the breakage. If there is supply voltage, check the electrical circuit operability on transferring frequency signals from sensors to II. In case there is a breakage eliminate the failure.
c) In case there are no breakages in electrical circuits of supply and transferring signals from sensors, it is required to check minus wire integrity which is fixed for sensor bolts. In case there is a breakage eliminate the failure. If there is no breakage carry out rpm sensor disassembly in order to visually inspect sensor housing integrity and also to check the required clearance between the sensor butt end and the gear teeth according to clause 3.21.4.1 "Speed sensor mounting".
d) If II and all electrical circuits operate properly, speed sensors are properly adjusted too replace speed sensors BV1 and BV3.
7.15.8.20 On the II display the message about the failure appears «0 km/h» on the right and left sides of the panel while tractor movement, data on speed are available on the arrow indicator.
) Check the data «0 km/h» according to the location, availability of frequency signal from the specified speed sensor BV1 or BV3 on the joining socket of II connection, for which it is required to connect the multimeter in the mode of frequency measurement to the signal wire in the socket. If there is a signal from the specified sensor while tractor movement replace or send II P1 to the repair shop.
It is possible to check II operability by short-time connecting by means of a bonding strip the frequency signal from properly operating sensor of fuel capacity BN1, or properly operating speed sensor to the signal circuit specified according to the sensor message. In case the message about the failure is still shown on the panel replace or send II P1 to the repair shop.
b) If there is no signal from the specified sensor, check supply voltage availability of speed sensor in accordance with the electrical circuit of Annex B. If there is no supply voltage eliminate the breakage. If there is supply voltage, check the electrical circuit operability on transferring frequency signal from the sensor to II. In case there is a breakage eliminate the failure.
c) In case there are no breakages in the electrical circuits of supply and transferring the signal from the sensor, it is required to check the minus wire integrity which is fixed for sensor bolts. If there is a breakage eliminate the failure. If there is no breakage - carry out rpm sensor disassembly in order to visually inspect sensor housing integrity and also to check the required clearance between the sensor butt end and the gear teeth according to clause 3.21.4.1 "Speed sensor mounting".
d) If II and all electrical circuits operate properly, speed sensor is properly adjusted replace the corresponding speed sensor BV1 or BV3.
7.15.8.21 The data on movement speed on the II display do not correspond to the real values.
Check the values of programmed parameters in accordance with subsection 3.21.3 "The programming procedure of integrated indicator". If the parameter values do not correspond enter the required ones.
7.15.8.22 The data on rear power take-off rated speed are missing on the led indicator, when the RPTO operates properly, the RPTO rated speed is not shown in the digital format on the indicator display. Carry out the check of the RPTO revolution display system according to the algorithm specified in clause 7.15.8.19. The rules on mounting and adjustment of rear PTO revolution sensor (BV2) are given in clause 3.21.4.2 "Rear PTO revolution sensor mounting".
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7.15.8.23 The corresponding pilot lamp in II does not activate when the parking brake is on.
) Check operability of the hand brake S5 lamp switch for which it is required to remove the socket from the switch and lock the wire for tractor "load". If the lamp activates replace the switch.
b) If the lamp does not activate, check the electrical circuit operability from the switch to II for presence of breakages. In case there is a breakage eliminate it.
c) If the circuit operates properly (there are no breakages) replace or send II P1 to the repair shop.
7.15.8.24 The pilot lamp in II does not activate when the upper beam lights are on. ) If the lights upper beam is on it means the fuse "A" (25) in the fuse block F5 operates properly. It is required to check the electrical circuit operability from the fuse to the II 1. In case there are circuit breakages eliminate them. b) If the electrical circuits operate properly, replace or send II P1 to the repair shop.
7.15.8.25 Pilot lamps in II do not activate when tractor or alarm signaling turn indicators are on, but sections of turn indicators on front and rear lights operate properly.
) Check the electrical circuit operability from the turn relays (1) to the pilot lamps of tractor and trailer turn indicators. If the circuit is broken eliminate the failure.
b) If the circuit operates properly replace or send II P1 to the repair shop.
7.15.8.26 The pilot lamp of emergency oil pressure in the HSC on PLU does not activate when the engine is not running.
) Check sensor operability of emergency oil pressure in the HSC SP3 for which it is required to disconnect the wire from the sensor and lock for tractor "load" for a short period. In case the lamp activates replace the sensor. If the lamp does not activate check the electrical circuit operability sensor SP3 pilot lamp PLU HG1 for presence of breakages. If the circuit is broken eliminate the failure.
b) Check availability of supply voltage of PLU on the connecting socket XS13.1 of the pilot lamps unit HG1. If there is no voltage, check the electrical circuit operability from HG1 to the fuse block F4.
c) If the sensor SP3 and the electrical circuit of supply PLU HG1 and the circuit sensor SP3 pilot lamps unit HG1 operate properly (there is no breakage) replace the pilot lamps unit.
7.15.8.27 The pilot lamp in the pilot lamps unit HG1 does not activate when the RADL is on.
Check availability of "load" on PLU and the electrical circuit operability from PLU to the slot XS9.6, check if PLU operates properly. If PLU and the abovementioned circuits operate properly, carry out the repair of DL ECS. The ECS diagram of DL, FDA and GB reduction gear is given in Annex A.
7.15.8.28 The pilot lamp of air filter clogging in the pilot lamps unit HG1 activates when the filter is cleaned.
) Check sensor operability of air filter SP1 clogging for which it is required to disconnect the wires from the sensor. If the lamp goes out replace the sensor. If the lamp does not go out, check the circuit operability in the system sensor pilot lamp PLU HG1 for presence of locking on tractor body. If the circuit is short cut eliminate the failure.
b) In case the sensor SP1 and the electrical circuit sensor SP1 pilot lamp PLU HG1 operate properly (there are no short cuts) replace the pilot lamps unit.
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7.15.8.29 The pilot lamp of hydraulic-brake fluid low level in the tanks of brake control system activates on the pilot lamps unit HG1 when the system is filled up.
) Check sensor operability of hydraulic-brake fluid SL1 level for which it is required to remove the socket from the sensor. If the lamp goes out replace the sensor. If the lamp does not go out, check the circuit operability in the system sensor pilot lamp PLU HG1 for presence of locking on tractor body. If the circuit is short cut eliminate the failure.
b) If the sensor SL1 and the electrical circuit sensor SL1 pilot lamp PLU HG1 operate properly (there is no locking) replace the pilot lamps unit.
7.15.8.30 The pilot lamp of heating plugs operation signaling in the pilot lamps unit HG1 does not operate while heating plugs operate normally.
Lock the contact of HP pilot lamp activation in PLU for tractor "load" by means of a bonding strip for a short period. In case the lamp does not activate, check supply voltage availability of PLU. If there is no supply voltage replace the PLU. If there is no supply voltage, eliminate the circuit breakage from fuse block F5 to the PLU.
7.16 Possible failures of air-conditioning and cab heating systems and guidelines for troubleshooting
List of possible failures of air-conditioning and cab heating systems and guidelines for troubleshooting are shown in Tables 7.16 and 7.16b.
Table 7.16b Possible failures of air-conditioning and cab heating systems and guidelines for troubleshooting
Failure, external manifestations, cause
Troubleshooting
Warm air is not supplied into the cab
Coolant is not circulated through
heating unit:
- turn over heater control valve
Open heater control valve
- heater fan is out of operation
Correct fan trouble, check electric circuit of fan switching on according to electrics diagram in Annex B.
Warm air of high humidity is supplied into the cab Leakage of coolant in heating ra- Stop leakage or replace heating radiator diator Leakage of coolant in heating sys- Tighten up coupling bands tem connection
WARNING: DURING TRACTOR DISCONNECTION CLOSED-CIRCUIT AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM MAY BE DETACHED BY MEANS OF SEPARATION OF QUICK DISCONNECT COUPLER. DISCONNECTION SHOULD BE PERFORMED BY UNSCREWING OF CAP NUT "B" (FIGURE 7.16.1) (WITH HEXAGON SCREW KEY SIZE 30MM) FROM VALVE "A" (WITH HEXAGON SCREW KEY SIZE 29 MM)! WHILE CONNECTING THE DUCT IT IS NECESSARY TO PUT SILICONE SEALANT ON THE THREAD. AFTER THREE OR FIVE DISCONNECTIONS A LEAKAGE CAN OCCUR IN JUNCTION POINT REPLACE IT IN THIS CASE!
WARNING: WHILE DISCONNECTION AND CONNECTION OF DUCTS WEAR PROTECTIVE GLOVES AND GLASSES!
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2022.3-0000010 OM WARNING: ANY OPERATIONS RELATED TO DISCONNECTION OF AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM COMPONENTS SHOULD BE CARRIED OUT ONLY BY TRAINED PERSONNEL WITH USE OF SPECIAL EQUIPMENTS FOR AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM MAINTENANCE. HIGH PRESSURE IS MAINTAINED EVEN IN SHUT DOWN SYSTEM! WARNING: COOLING AGENT R134A NON TOXIC, NON COMBUSTIBLE, NOT FORMING EXPLOSIVE MIXTURES. COOLING AGENT BOILING TEMPERATURES IN NORMAL CONDITIONS IS MINUS 27q. IN CASE OF SKIN CONTACT WITH LIQUID COOLING AGENT, IT FLASHES AND CAN CAUSE OVERCOOLING OF SKIN AREAS! WARNING: ONLY SPECIALLY TRAINED PERSONNEL IS ALLOWED TO PERFORM REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE SERVICES OF SYSTEM COMPONENTS!
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Table 7.16b Possible failures of air-conditioning and guidelines for troubleshooting
Failure, external manifestations, cause
Troubleshooting
Compressor electromagnetic coupling will not respond (no metallic click
while turning temperature regulator)
Electric equipment failure
By means of tester or multimeter check operability
of pressure sensors unit, sensors unit outputs (red
and pink wires) should be "rung out" among them-
selves. Check up operability of electric circuits con-
nections from compressor coupling to air condi-
tioner control console according to the electrical
equipment diagram in Annex B
Coolant leakage took place
Detect leak path.
Only specially trained personnel is allowed to de-
tection of leak path, replacement of hoses and air
conditioner components with use of special equip-
ment (after-sales service and repair should be car-
ried out by CJSC "Belvneshinvest", Minsk, tel./fax
8-017-262-40-75, 8-029-662-97-69, 8-029-628-67-
98)
Nonoperable conditioner fan electric motor
Electric equipment failure
Check up operability of the corresponding fuse
element located in the switching unit. Replace if it
is faulty.
If the safety lock is properly operating check by
means of indicating lamp power supply presence
on the electric motor of air conditioner fan (2,
Annex B) when the switch is on and "ground" is
available in electric motor. If electric circuits are
properly operating, but there is lack of power sup-
ply to 2, replace the switch.
When air conditioner operated in cooling mode warm air is supplied into cab
Valve PO-11 seal element break- Replace valve PO-11 age
Coolant leakage from cab ventilation compartment
Disruption of heating unit tubes Replace conditioner climatic unit (heating unit "defrosting" due to incomplete drain during cool weather period operation)
Figure 7.16.1 Quick disconnect couplers kit 345
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8. TRACTOR STORAGE
8.1 General instructions
ATTENTION: THE PRESENT SECTION CONTAINS THE STORAGE REGULATIONS FOR TRACTOR "BELARUS-1822.3/1822.3/2022.3/2022.3" CHASSIS SYSTEMS AND UNITS. ENGINE STORAGE, PRESERVATION, REPRESERVATION, DEPRESERVATION REGULATIONS ARE SPECIFIED IN THE ENGINE OPERATION MANUAL!
The tractors shall be stored according to the requirements of GOST 7751-85 in the indoor area or under a shed.
If indoors premises are not available, tractors may be stored on outdoor special sites, with obligatory preservation, sealing and components dismounting, that require warehousing.
Put tractors in the inter-shift storage, if their operation is interrupted for up to 10 days, short-term storage if duration of idle interval is from ten days to two months, and long-term storage if interruption of use lasts for over two months. Start preparation for short-term storage straight after works completion, and for long-term storage not later than ten days after works termination.
8.2 Requirements for inter-shift storage of machines Tractor may be stored on storage yards, and inter-shift storage grounds, or directly on works execution sites. All openings, through which atmospheric precipitation can get inside tractor cavities, shall be tightly covered. Accumulator batteries shall be switched off.
8.3 Requirements for short-term tractors storage Put the tractor in storage in complete set without dismounting parts and assembly units. Observe all instructions of subsection 8.2 "Requirements for inter-shift storage of machines". Disconnect the accumulator batteries. Electrolyte level and density shall comply with requirements for storage and maintenance of accumulator batteries, listed in clause 6.4.3.2 of subsection 6.4.3 "Maintenance services in every 250 hours of operation" If tractor is stored at low temperatures or over one month, accumulator batteries shall be dismounted and sent to the warehouse.
8.4 Requirements for outdoors long-term storage
Before putting a tractor in the storage, check its technical condition. Carry out basic maintenance services.
Technological maintenance when preparing tractor for long-term storage includes: - cleaning and washing; - dismounting and preparing for storage tractor components subject to storage in specially equipped warehouses; - sealing of openings and cavities from ingress of moisture and dust; - tractor and its components preservation; - putting the tractor on supporting blocks (plates); - performing the instructions of the engine operation manual 260S2 0000100 OM concerning engine preparation for long-term storage.
After operation the tractor shall be cleaned off dust, mud, oil leaks, vegetation and other remains. Components where water is not allowed (generators, relays, etc.) shall be protected with a protecting cover. After cleaning and washing the tractor, it shall be blown
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off with compressed air to remove moisture. Damaged painting shall be restored by putting varnish and paint coating or protective grease. Painting shall be carried out according to GOST 6572-91.
With long-term outdoor storage, electrical equipment, components made of rubber, polymer and textile materials (hydraulic circuit hoses, etc) shall be dismounted, prepared for storage and sent to a warehouse. Fastening parts of the tractor dismounted components shall be mounted back in their places. Electrical equipment (headlights, generator, starter, accumulator batteries) shall be cleaned, blown off with compressed air, terminals shall be coated with protective grease.
When preparing a tractor for long-term storage, it is required to carry out inside and outside preservation procedures for the engine according to the engine operation manual. Lubricate all tractor units according to clause 3 of table 6.4 of the present operation manual. Drain oil and fill fresh oil with the required amount of additives up to the control level to the transmission and brake bodies, FDA and FPTO reducing gears, HLL and HSC oil tanks. Run in the tractor for 10-15 minutes. Put accumulator batteries in long-term storage after conducting control-training cycle in accordance with GOST 9590-76. Projecting joints, threaded connections of lift linkage mechanism, steering geometry, splined surfaces of PTO shaft end extension and of cardan shafts, and projecting parts of cylinder rods and shock absorbers, front and rear track adjusting mechanism shall be preserved. Cover carefully the fuel tank filling neck, diesel breather openings, transmission, hydraulic systems, the engine exhaust pipe and the inlet air cleaner pipe, relative openings after starter removal, and other cavities, through which atmospheric precipitation may get inside inner cavities of tractor assembly units with caps, polyethylene film sacks or other special accessories. Set shift levers and pedals to a position excluding spontaneous engagement of tractor units and implements.
Only unloaded pneumatic tires are allowed for outdoor storage on tractors, resting on supports. Tire surface shall be covered with protective agent. Tire pressure shall be decreased to 70% of the standard. It is required to clean exterior surfaces of the hydraulic system flexible hoses off mud and oil. Hoses may be kept on the tractor. In this case they are coated with protective substance or wrapped with insulating material (wax paper, polyethylene film, etc).
Cabin hoods and doors shall be closed. Maintenance during storage includes checking if machines are properly placed on supporting blocks (plates) (absence of cocking), completeness, air pressure in tires, airtightness, state of anticorrosion coatings (protective grease, paint integrity, absence of corrosion (integrity and fixing strength of casings and covers). Detected defects shall be eliminated. At regular intervals while long-term storage and during cold seasons, it is required to lubricate the cylinder mechanism located on button 3 (figure 3.22.4) of the door lock handle by method of injecting with lubricants HG 5503 (HG5501, WD-40). Tractor technological maintenance when removing from storage includes taking off supporting blocks, cleaning and if required depreservation of tractor, its components, removal of packoff, reinstallation of dismounted components, tools, check of operation and adjustments of tractor and its components including the engine in accordance with the engine operation manual 260S2 0000100 OM.
8.5 Preservation
Preservation provides provisional anticorrosion protection of tractor assemblies and systems from ambient exposure in the process of tractor transportation and storage. Engine, its systems and fuel tank preservation instructions are listed in the engine operation manual 260S2 0000100 OM.
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It is required to clean tractor surfaces subject to preservation from mechanical staining, degrease it and dry up. It is required to cover unpainted inside and outside galvanized surfaces, specific assemblies of tractor and cabin with corrosion-proof oil RUST BAN 397, SUMIDERA 397.
Preservation of units (radiator and fuel tank filler, breathers, cylinder rods) shall be carried out by means of casings made of polyethylene film.
The applied materials provide tractor protection and its assemblies for the period of storage and transportation within one year.
Outside tractor and its assemblies preservation shall be made by lubrication of surfaces with a brush or sputtering by means of a paint sprayer. Inside tractor preservation is carried out by filling cavities with preservation mixture and subsequent engine operation.
During tractor inter-shift, short-term and long-term storage, the enterprise operating the tractor shall be responsible for compliance with preservation methods and storage conditions specified in GOST 7751-85. Inside tractor surface preservation shall be carried out with preservation grease according to TU RB 600125053.019-2004. When a tractor is stored outside, specific surfaces shall be preserved with grease "BELA-COR" of type "" according to TU RB 600125053-020-2004.
8.6 Depreservation and represervation
Depreservation method shall be chosen depending on preservation materials used. Surfaces under preservation shall be wiped with cleaning cloth soaked with low-viscous oils, solvents, or washed away with washing water-soluble detergents. Sealed assembles shall be cleaned from insulation materials (film, paper). Inside surfaces under preservation do not need depreservation.
Tractor represervation shall be carried out in case conservation defects are detected in the process of storage or upon expiration of protection life.
8.7 Putting tractor into operation after long-term storage Perform depreservation of the engine according to the engine operation manual 260S2 0000100 OM. Remove grease from external surfaces under preservation. Dismount protective covers, plugs, special accessories and mount the parts which were removed earlier back in their places. Before mounting the parts, clean them off grease and dust. Drain sediment out of all containers, fill them with operation fluids and if necessary, top up to the control level. Lubricate all tractor mechanisms according to clause 3 of table 6.4 of the present operation manual. Carry out scheduled maintenance service. Run in the tractor for 15-20 minutes. Eliminate the detected faults.
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2022.3-0000010 OM 8.8 Safety requirements for preservation Preservation procedure comprising surfaces preparation, coating with preservation materials, paper marking and cutting, packing shall be carried out only by persons of the age, subjected to medical examination, properly instructed on labor and fire safety, and receiving primary instructions on the working place. Preservation remises and sections should be separated from other production premises and equipped with plenum-exhaust ventilation. Materials used for preservation are combustible substances with flash temperature from 170 to 270oC, and shall comply with state standards, technical specifications and have quality certificate. Conservation materials being supplied shall bear labels with material description. Perform preservation operations in special clothes and footwear and use individual protection means. When performing preservation operations, observe personal hygiene rules, dry clean special clothes in time, do not wash them in emulsions, solvents, kerosine. By the degree of impact on human health, preservation materials are classified as of moderate hazard, so use recommended individual protection means while handling materials. With prolonged exposure to skin of preservation oils, greases and liquids, skin may be injured. White spirit vapors in small concentrations act as a weak drug, large concentration may result in poisoning. Anticorrosion paper contains corrosion inhibitors causing irritation and inflammation of skin, mucous of nose and eyes. Before starting work, it is required to put on cotton overalls, robe or an apron, prepare individual protection means depending on work conditions and toxicity of substances used. Grease hands with protection paste (cream) and put on cotton and rubber gloves. Before starting work, safe conditions of which are not known, demand for safety instructions training.
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9. TRACTOR TRANSPORTATION AND TOWING
9.1 Tractor transportation Tractors are transported by railroad, motor vehicles or under its own power. Engage the parking brake and the first gear of the gearbox while tractor transportation. Fasten the tractor to the rail platform with four sling ropes. Fasten one sling rope on each side to a nut located on rear wheel hub by one end, and to binder bracket by the other end. Also fasten one sling rope on each side of the tractor to the FLL supporting bracket by one rope end and to binder bracket by the other end. During tractor loading/unloading, use lifting mechanisms with load-carrying capacity of at least 10 ton-force. Tie steel ropes down to front axle beam and rear wheels semi-axle, as shown in the scheme roping diagram in figure 9.1.1. For tractor roping, it is required to do the following: - loops on the rope (or on other device) shall be put on semi-axles with rear axle limiting washers; - rope hooks shall be put on FDA semi-axles.
Figure 9.1.1 Tractor roping diagram
9.2 Tractor towing Tractor towing is allowed at a speed of not more than 10 km/h for a distance of 5 km. Before starting tractor towing, set the range and gear shifting levers to a "Neutral" position. For towing rope connection on tractors without FLL (basic configuration) there is a towing shackle located on a spacer with ballast weights. For towing rope connection on tractors with FLL (additional configuration) there is a towing shackle located on a FLL bracket. THE TOWING SHACKLE SHALL NOT BE USED FOR LIFTING THE TRACTOR! ATTENTION: DURING TRACTOR TOWING IT IS REQUIRED TO OBSERVE TRAFFIC REGULATIONS RIGIDLY!
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10. TRACTOR DISPOSAL
When disposing tractor after expiration of service (operation) life, it is necessary to do the following:
- Drain and send oils from the engine lubrication system, main gear housings and FDA wheel-hub drives, HLL and HSC tanks, the transmission line, FPTO reduction unit for reprocessing in the established order;
- Drain cooling liquid from the engine cooling system, cab heating system and send it for reprocessing in the established order;
- Drain cooling liquid from the diesel cooling system, cab heating system and send it for reprocessing in the established order;
- Drain hydraulic-brake fluid from brake hydraulic control system, clutch control system, and send it for reprocessing in the established order;
- Drain electrolyte from tractor AB, put it into a special storage reservoir and send it for reprocessing in the established order;
- Drain sediment from coarse and fine fuel filters; - Drain diesel fuel from the fuel tank and put it into special storage reservoirs; - Dismount tractor windows and mirrors and send them for reprocessing in the established order; - Disassemble the tractor into parts, sorting them out into non-metal, steel, cast iron, aluminum, non-ferrous and precious metals, and send them for reprocessing in the established order.
Dismounting of parts and assembly units, maintenance of air conditioning system shall be carried out by specially trained personnel using equipment for servicing freon refrigerating machines
During maintenance and regular repair services, fuel and lubricants subject to change and, if necessary, parts and assembly units, being sorted out into groups of materials, shall be sent for reprocessing.
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SERVICE BULLETINS
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Annex
(compulsory)
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Table A1
Designation A1...A3
Denomination
Q-ty
Electromagnet of hydraulic valve group
Condenser NA-25B-4700 FDA pilot lamp DL pilot lamp Pilot lamp of orange color Pilot lamp of red color Fuse block -1 TR RB 20A cut-out relay 30A cut-in relay
FDA switch DL switch Disconnect switch BK 12-1 64224.001 TR
Open switch with ball
Disconnect switch BK 12-41 TR Sensor of temperature annunciator TM111-12
TR 32.003.569 Pressure sensor -M
Disconnect switch 3
Diode 206 Light-emitting diode Light-emitting diode
Note A1 FDA, A2 DL, A3 gear group
SA5 horn, SA6 high, SA7 - low SB1 FDA automatic actuation, SB2 reverse, SB4 GB neutral Sensor of emergency oil temperature SP1 higher pass, SP2 lower pass SQ1 FDA (±25°) SQ2 DL (±13°) Higher pass (red) Lower pass (green)
Table A1 continued
Designation
Denomination
Receptacles
Male receptacle
Male receptacle
Female receptacle
Female receptacle
Female receptacle
Female receptacle
Female receptacle
Connectors CPC of "AMP" company, catalogue Cable plug Instrument socket
Connectors TC of "AMP" company, catalogue Male receptacle Female receptacle Female receptacle Female receptacle Female receptacle Female receptacle Female receptacle
Male receptacle of "AMP" company, catalogue
Q-ty
Note
Black two-pin Grey two-pin Green two-pin Yellow two-pin Black three-pin Grey three-pin
Wire coloring: blue; yellow; green, red; brown; O orange; P pink, C grey, violet, black.
To instrument cluster {
to horn to DL lamp 12V before engine start to left brake sensor to right brake sensor 12V after engine start
, DL, FDA and reduction unit control board Higher pass relay Lower pass relay Left brake relay Right brake relay FDA drive relay Reverse relay DL relay
A1 , «-1822.3/1822B.3/2022.3/2022B.3». Figure A1 - Electric circuit diagram of DL, FDA and gearbox reduction unit control of "BELARUS 1822.3/1822B.3/2022.3/2022B.3"
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Annex B
(compulsory)
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Electrical circuit diagram of electrical equipment of "BELARUS 1822.3/1822B.3/2022.3/2022B.3" tractor
Table B1 Part list of electrical circuit diagram of electrical equipment of "BELARUS 1822.3/1822B.3/2022.3/2022B.3" tractor
Designation
Denomination
Loud speaker
Fuse
Heating plugs Tachospeedometer control console
Q-ty
Note
Included into recorder set
Included into recorder set
Included into engine set
Conditioner
Air-handling unit Regulator of outcoming air temperature Fan electric motor Fan modes switch
Condensing unit Compressor electromagnetic clutch
Pressure sensor unit Min. pressure sensor Max. pressure sensor Max. pressure sensor
Table B1 continued
Designation
Denomination Air fortifier valve
Air consumption registrating system Sensor of temperature indicator Frequency fuel volume sensor Sensor of oil pressure in the engine Sensor of oil pressure in the gearbox Air pressure sensor Speed sensor Road light Service light Cab lamp License plate lamp Lamp Lamp Lamp Lamp Lamp Fuse block Fuse link 2A Fuse link 25A
Table B1 continued
Designation
Denomination Alternator Storage battery Low-pitch horn High-pitch horn Sound announciator relay Pilot lamps unit Road-train light Front light Rear light 30A closing relay Heating plugs relay 20A opening relay Starter relay Turn flasher Heating plugs unit 24V starter, 5,5 kW Heater fan Electric washer Parallel motion screen wiper Screen wiper
Table B1 continued
Designation
Denomination
Integrated indicator
Cluster gauge
Included into conditioner set
Included into conditioner set
Included into conditioner set 0,4 MPa 1,2 MPa 1,6 MPa
Q-ty
Note
Included into engine set
Included into set Included into set Included into set Included into set Included into set
Included into recorder set
Q-ty
Note
Included into engine set
Q-ty
Note
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24V remote battery disconnect switch Supplementary resistor Road-train light switch Screen wiper and washer switch Service lights switch (rear external on the roof) Service lights switch (rear internal on the roof) Service lights switch (front on the roof) Fan switch Screen wiper switch Underwheel switch Central light switch Starter disconnect switch with start-up lock Ground disconnect switch Service light switch (on the handgrip) Brake light switch Start-up switch Emergency lights switch Parking brake lamp switch
Table B1 continued
Designation
Denomination
Q-ty
Emergency temperature sensor
Cooling fluid emergency temperature sensor
Sensor of air purifying filter blockage
Oil emergency pressure sensor
Oil emergency pressure sensor (in HSC)
Air emergency pressure sensor
Voltage converter
Socket to connect agricultural implements
Note
Male connectors Receptacle Receptacle Receptacle Receptacle Receptacle Plug Plug Plug 2-pin connecting panel Rectifier diode Aerial
Table B1 finished
Designation
Receptacle Receptacle Receptacle Receptacle Receptacle Receptacle Receptacle Receptacle Receptacle Receptacle Receptacle Receptacle Receptacle Receptacle Receptacle Socket Socket Receptacle Socket Socket
Denomination Female connectors
Q-ty
Note
"AMP" (Germany)
"AMP" (Germany) "AMP" (Germany)
Wire coloring blue, yellow, green, red, brown, pink, grey, O orange, violet, black, yellow-black, red-yellow, green-yellow, orange-black, grey-green.
Heating plugs relay Horn relay Ground disconnect switch Heating plugs relay Starter relay Fuel fortifier relay Side console powering relay Lower beam relay High beam relay 1 () Variant (with conditioner) 2 ( CCPT) Variant 2 (with fuel consumption registering system) Fuel consumption registering controller Contact device Mobile unit for data storage Fuel level sensor
Figure B1 - Electrical circuit diagram of electrical equipment of "BELARUS 1822.3/1822B.3/2022.3/2022B.3" tractor 352
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