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Generate functions accurately by storing coordinate data in a read-only memory. Smooth curves of two or three dimensions by time-averaging between data

points. Digital or analog output, fast response, small size and excellent repeatability are among the reported advantages of this design technique. See page 42.

SAMPLING
REAL-TIME STORAGE ECONOMICAL

HEWLETT

What's new in HP Scopes? 18 GHz, dual-channel sampling! New, faster HP diodes now extend sampling capability through 18 GHz. For the first time, you can directly view and measure 18 GHz CW signals (or 20 psec
risetime pulses). But there are more new scope in-
novations from HP. There's the new. easy-to-use, 250 MHz real-time scope . .. and new, direct read-out TOR with Y4'' resolution ... and new variable persistence and storage scopes for measurements up to 100 MHz ... and a whole new series of low-cost 500 kHz scopes.
AND, there are more eye-popping

OSCILLOSCOPE SYSTEMS
scope ideas just around the corner! Next time you see your HP field
engineer, ask him what's new in scopes. You'll be surprised by all that's happening to give you better, more economical scope measurements. One thing, we bet you'll get a new (and better) answer, every time you ask!
Are you thinking about a new scope? Are you wondering whether you should continue down the same old road? Or is it time you took a look
INFORMATION RETRIEVAL NUMBER 3

at another manufacturer? The HP road means going with the demonstrated leader - maker of performance champs.
Call your HP field engineer, right now, if 18 GHz sampling is your interest. Complete 18 GHz samp!ing system available with delayed sweep, or w Io delayed sweep. If you already have an HP12.4GHzsamplingsystem, add the new 18 GHz HP 14308 remote sampler. Write Hewlett-Packard, Palo Alto, California 94304. Europe: 1217 Meyrin-Geneva, Switzerland.
080 / 6

THE 0.1°/o PORTABLE IMPEDANCE BRIDGE
... in the GR tradition of
better measurements

GR's new 1656 Impedance Bridge rounds out the General Radio family of impedance bridges. Now there's a choice of three to suit your exact needs for accuracy and economy. All three measure broad ranges of C, L, R, G, D, and Q, while each has its own distinctions. The new portable 1656 offers 0.1 % accuracy for only $700 (p1ice in the U.S.), the 1650 features 1'7c accuracy in a portable package for $545, and the 1608 is a bench-type instrument with 0.05% accuracy for $1675. All three are self-contained 1-kHz instruments; external oscillators and detectors will extend their ac testing capability to a 20 Hz-to-20 kHz range.
The 1656, like the other two bridges, measures C up to 1100 µF, L up to 1100 H, and R to 1.1 Mfl. With the 1656, G can be measured up to l.Hl ; D and Q cover over-all ranges of 0 to 50 and 0.02 to x, respectively. The 1656 resolves C down to 0.1 pF, L to 0.1 µH, R to 0.1 mfl, and G to 0.1 n<l. Your best bet, anywhere, for de measurements is the 1656: consider the 10-µV/mm detector sensitivity and the wide resistance and conductance ranges.
Measurement of the new high-precision components demands an accurate bridge. With four-decade lever balancing, the 1656 achieves t/'lie 0.1% basic accuracy and a direct and easy readout of all four digits, without the need

for interpolation or vernier interpretation. A rack version of the 1656 is available for $735; GR also makes an accessory $45 test jig for connecting axial-lead components.
Know all the members of our impedance-bridge family byname:
1656-0.1% accuracy, portable, $700. 1608-0.05% accuracy, bench, $1675. 1650-1% accuracy, portable, $545.
Whichever degree of measurement pe1formance you require, you can get complete specifications from your nearest GR Distiict Office or from 300 Baker Avenue, Concord, Massachusetts 01742. In Europe write to Postfach 124, CH 8034, Zurich, Switzerland.
I General Radio
ATLANTA 404 633 6183 J BOSTON 611 646 0550 f CHICAGO 312 992 0800 I CLEVELAND 116 886 0150 DALLAS 114 637 2240 J LOS ANGELES 714 540 9830 I NEW YORK IN V I 212 964 2722 IN J I 201 9'13 3140 PHILADELPHIA 215 6461030 I SAN FRANCISCO 4 IS 948 8233 I SEATTLE 206 747 9190 I SYRACUSE ] IS 454 9323
WASHING TON 0 C 30 188I S]Jl1 TORONTO 416 152 3395 I ZURICH 10511 47 70 20

INFORMATION RETRIEVAL NUMBER 4
ELECTRONIC DESIGN 20, September 27, 1970

Why Singer-Friden uses Teradyne equipment
to test ICs. And transistors. And diodes.
And resistors. And capacitors.

At the Albuquerque plant of Singer's Friden Division, a battery of five instruments tests the million or so components Friden buys each month for use in its calculators and copiers. Because all five instruments were made by the same manufacturer, they can share accessories such as test fixtures and multiplexers. Because all five were made by Teradyne, they have no calibration adjustments whatsoever and carry 10-yea r wa rra ntees.

I

/'

I

~

(~1

For digital ICs, Friden uses a J 133 Analogical Circuit Test Instrument, card - programmed to run functional and parametric tests on about a dozen different devices.
Transistors are put through a series of 9 to 12 tests by a T2 l 7 Transistor Test Instrument.

bridge speed.

An Rl63 tests resistors against a

pair of plus tolerance limits and a pair

of minus tolerance limits, all independ-

-,,-,:--\\1-..· ently programmed. --

\1 -

.... -·:;;-:-

·---~ -a- ~ ~f-·-~

~. I

Friden uses all five instruments

for analytical as well as inspection pur-

poses. "In fact," says QA Manager

Charles Maxwell, "we've picked up

some transistor faults on our T217 that

our curve tracer couldn't see." Maxwell

notes another advantage of the all-Tera-

dyne approach: "My component ven-

dors seem to accept test results with-

out question when they find out we use

Teradyne gear."

,

"'"'""'

· ....-o;......_.___..--0!'!!!"-"i~= .~ ~ -

· ~ j.

g,'il. · ..

- ,\,..\. .\~~\ 'lo.B " \ . , .. · · ..:::::-··o!J!llllllm·

Equipping an incoming-inspec-

tion department used to mean buying

an assortment of laboratory instruments

and hoping that they would stand up

under constant use. Now, a single call

to Teradyne can save you all that shop-

ping time and give you the kind of test

equipment that was born to be worked

hard. Teradyne, 183 Essex Street,

Boston, Massachusetts 02111.

Teradyne makes sense.

INFORMATION RETRIEVAL NUMBER 5

2

ELECTRONIC D ESIGN 20, September 27, 1970

~IB~ronic Designii

NEWS
23 News Scope

27 Design the accidents out of your product! Good record-keeping and failure analysis are advised to curb increasing damage suits by consumers

30 Bell's goal: A telephone revolution in 1970s

Harried by traffic overloads, the utility is looking to new technology

to increase capacity fourfold

·

31 A laser that may change communicat ions

32 Foreigners seek U. S. market despit e recession

32 Sonar research put to work in urban sewage system

36 Technology Abroad

37 Washington Report

TECHNOLOGY
42 Generate functions from discrete data. A special report on low-cost, high -accuracy read -only memories and averaging interpolation techniques.
50 Laser diodes need high-current drivers. Here's how to use avalanche transistors and SCRs to get big current pulses at high repetition rates .
54 Can a production job be creative? This director of manufacturing thrives on his work and tells why he finds it a challenge.
57 Product Source Directory: P-C Board Connectors
65 Ideas for Design

PRODUCTS
72 ICs & Semiconductors: Analog gate includes a driver at a cost of only $6.

73 Data Processing: Long-term event recorder operates for 35 days.

76 Instrumentation: CRT displays data in full color.

74 Components

77 Tools & Engineering Aids

75 Modules & Subassemblie~

77 Packaging & Materials

76 Microwaves & Lasers

90 Product Index

Departments 41 ··· Editorial: Let 's tighten up those sloppy buying practices

13 Designer's Calendar

80 Application Notes

39 Sidelights

82 New Literature

78 Evaluation Samples

.85 Bulletin Board

79 Design Aids

88 Advertisers ' Index

Informat ion Retrieval Service Card inside back cover

Cover: Designed by Art Director Clifford M. Gard iner and Jack Wei ssm an

ELECTRONIC DESIGN is published biweekly by Hayden Publishing Company, Inc., 850 Third Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10022 . James S. M ulho lland, Jr., President. Printed at Brown Printing Co., Inc., Waseca , Minn. Cont rolled
ci rcu lat ion postage pa id at Waseca, Minn., and New York, N.Y. Copyright © 1970, Hayden Publishing Compa ny,
Inc. 82,501 copies this issue.

EL ECTRON IC D ESIGN 20, Se ptembe r 27, 1970

3

The Dual Plug-In Feature of the 560-Series Oscilloscopes al-
lows conventional Y-T or X-Y displays with either single-trace or multi-trace units. The 5648 MOD 121 N (pictured above) provides stored displays at constant brightness independent of signal repetition rates. Seven-inch rackmounts are available in this family of valued performers.

56.18 .............. $595

5648 MOD 121N .. . $1,250

4

EU.CTRON IC D ES IGN 20. September 27. 1970

MULTI-TRACE
Compare time related pulse trains using this DC to 1O MHz, 35-ns risetime plug-in with deflection factors from 10 mV/div to 10 V/div.
Type 3A6 . . . . . . . . $550

SAMPLING
Extend your measurement capabilities to 14 GHz with 25-ps risetime, internal triggering, dual-trace and interchangeable heads.
Type 3S2 ........ $950

.....
-..-.-~~~.
..........:..:.
..,....

DIFFERENTIAL
Make differential measurements from DC to 1 MHz with 10-µVI div deflection factor and 100,000:1 common-mode rejection ratio.
Type 3A9 . . . . . . . . $525

SPECTRUM ANALYSIS
Analyze the frequency spectrum from 50 Hz to 1 MHz with calibrated dispersion and calibrated deflection factors.
Type 3L5 ...... . $1125

,., J,!r:~.~f-66 CARRl ~~_.,: M,~:1~1.:~.c
· BR·DGE BALANi C ._J
fll l:li STANC t: !n ~cu · ·ul C"'P'AC:ITiloNCll'.
. ....
· :··Q; CA~l·lllA11;

·

SINGLE-TRACE

... l \ l t f A · l . L
,_, s~o'!"'~~tv

~t.. . . .l f Y
..,.:F::U.N2C:~T0I:O.N::..

CARRIER AMPLIFIER

Perform single-trace measurements from DC to 1 MHz at deflection factors from 50mV to 50V/div with this low-cost plug-in.

";g
::,~ ~ L -::'~,'~ '
TattTRO"I· l..C

'":"ii ii ~';'
.........,._ - - u · .._

Measure force, acceleration, strain and displacement in applications such as stress analysis, vibration studies and fatigue tests.

Type 2A60 . . . . . . . $140

Type 3C66 . . . . . . . $495

The Tektronix 560-Series Oscilloscopes have a complete selection of plug-ins, permitting you to adapt your measurement capabilities to meet your changing measurement needs. More than 25 plug-in units are available covering single channel, multi-trace, differential, sampling, spectrum analysis and other special purpose applications. Adapting your measurement capability to meet your changing measurement needs is assured.

For detailed specifications contact your local Tektronix Field Engineer or write: Tektronix, Inc., P.O. Box 500, Beaverton, Oregon 97005.
These instruments are available through our new Leasing Plan .
U.S. Sales Prices FOB Beaverton, Oregon
Tektronix, Inc.
committed to progress in waveform measurement

INFORMATION RETRIEVAL NUMBER 6

ELECTRON IC DESIGN 20, September 27 , 19 70

5

Fight noise pollution

with this quiet family.

Hot Molding with Allen-Bradley's exclusive technique, gives these composition variable resistors an unusually low noise level. And importantly, this low noise level actually decreases in use. Under tremendous heat and pressure the resistance track is molded into
place. A solid element with a large cross-section is produced.
This important Allen-Bradley difference means better short-time overload capacity and a long operating life. Control is smooth, resolution almost infinite. These variable resistors are ideal for high frequency circuits. Why should you trust the performance of

your designs or your reputation to anything less than Allen-Bradley quality? Use the most thoroughly "field tested" (over 20 years) variable resistors available today. Quantity stocks of popular types J, G, Wand GD available for immediate delivery from your appointed A-B industrial electronics distributor.
For information write: Marketing Department, Electronics Division, Allen-Bradley Co., 1201 South Second Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53204. Export office: 1293 Broad Street, Bloomfield, N. J. 07003, U.S.A. In Canada: Allen-Bradley, Canada Ltd., 135 Dundas Street, Galt, Ontario.

SPECIFICATIONS

TYPE JSTYLE RV4

TYPE K

TYPE GSTYLE RV6

TYPE L

TYPE W

TYPE GD

CASE DIMENSIONS

5/8' deep x

5/8" deep x

15/ 32" deep x

1-5/ 32" dia.

1-5/ 32 " dia.

1/ 2 ' dia.

(single section) (single section)

15/ 32 ' deep x 1/ 2 " dia .

15/ 32 " deep x 1/ 2 ' dia.

35/ 64 " deep x 1/ 2" dia.

POWER at + 70°C

2.25 w

3W

0 .5 w

0 .8W

0 .5W

0 .5W

TEMPERATURE RANGE

-55°C to +120°C

-55 °C to + 150°C

-55°C to + 120°C

- 55°C to + 150°C

- 55°C to + 120°C

- 55°C to + 120°C

RESIST-

ANCE

RANGE

50 ohms to

(Tolerances: 5 .0 megs

± 10and20%)

50 ohms to 5 .0 megs

100 ohms to 5 .0 megs

100 ohms to 5 .0 megs

100 ohms to 5 .0 megs

100 ohms to 5 .0 megs

TAPERS

Linear (U) , Modified Linear (S ), Clockwise Modified Log (A ). Counter-Clockwise Modified Log ( B), Clockwise Exact Log (DB ). (Special tapers available from factory )

FEATURES (Many electrical and mechanical options available from factory)

Single, dual, and triple versions available. Long rotational life. Ideal for attenuator applications. Snap switches can be attached to single and dual.

Single, dual, and triple versions available. Long rotational life.

Miniature size. Immersionproof. SPST switch can be attached .

Miniature size. Immersionproof.

Commercial version of type G . Immersionproof.

DUAL section version of type G . Ideal for attenuator applications. Immersionproof.

ALLEN-BRADLEY

E C70-6 Cl Allen- Brad ley Co mpa ny 1970

INFORMATION RETRIEVAL NUMBER 7

What happened to the
model 19?

You're looking at some of the Teletype® basics used in building a data communications system. Printer, keyboard, tape sending and receiving combinations in a variety of speed capabilities. Teletype's modular design concept gives you the opportunity to extract the best terminal combination for system

needs today, and refine, add to, subtract and adapt as system modifications are called for. Just as important as the basics, are some of the things not obvious in the photos below. The logic devices, options and accessories that add almost limitless possibilities for making things happen exactly as

your system requires. We have some solid state logic devices that provide precise control of data traffic. That enable your computer to automatically poll data from a number of terminals and feed each terminal with processed data. There are error detection, currection and signal regeneration options to

model 33 series: An extremely economical 100 wpm terminal line . Has 4-row keyboard, uses 8-level ASCII code . The most widely used terminal in time-sharing systems today.

model 35 series: A rugged, heavy-duty line of 100 wpm terminals. Uses ASCII. Units in foreground are self-contained paper tape punch and paper tape reader.

TelespeedTM equipment: A line of high -speed tape-to-tape terminals capable of sending and receiving at speeds of 750, 1050 (shown above), or 1200 words per minute.

f u c 1RON IC D 1.s1GN 20 . Se pt ember 2i. 197 0

DATA COMMUNICATIONS
equipment for on-line, real-time processing

keep data flowing faultlessly. Options such as pin-feed platens and form feed
controls that make it possible to fill
multiple copy business forms on-line. And many, many more. What did hap-
pen to the model 19? Believe it or not,
there are still some of these old, diehard terminals around. And that's

another advantage your data communications dollar buys when you specify Teletype equipment. It lasts. Moves data reliably, economically, for a long time. On a price/performance basis, Teletype equipment is in a class by .itself.

Teletype data communications equipment is available in send-receive capa-
bilities of up to 2400 words per minute.
If you would like specific information about any of the equipment described here, write: Teletype Corporation, Dept. 89-17, 5555 Touhy Ave., Skokie, Ill. 60076.

model 37 series: One of the most versatile heavy-duty terminal lines going. Generates all 128 characters of ASCII. Operates at 150 wpm. Prints in upper and lower case.

lnktronic® data terminals: A unique
electronic, solid state terminal. Prints
up to 1200 wpm. Forms characters
through electrostatic deflection
(no typebox). ASCII compatible.

magnetic tape data terminals: Use compact reusable tape cartridges. Operate on-line at up to 2400 wpm, and connect "locally" to lower speed Teletype terminals using ASCII code.

Teletype is a trad emark regi stered in th e U .S. Pat. Off ice

machines that make data move

INFORMATION RETRIEVAL NUMBER 8

E LloCTRON IC D 1:s1G 20. Se pt e mbe r 27. 197 0

9

1511 SERIES
Max. av. forward current at 120° C420 Amperes
Surge overload rating, 1 cycle6000 Amperes
Controlled Avalanche Voltage-12503500 Volts

A significant advance in silicon rectifier power handling capacity
3 new series of silicon rectifiers from Tung-Sol permit designers to meet extremely high power requirements.
· Reverse voltage ratings to 5000 Volts
· Average forward current to 500 Amperes · Surge overload ratings up to 8500 Amperes Controlled avalanche characteristics provide transient handling capability that results in increased reliability. All units feature ceramic-to-metal seals, mount in any position and are supplied in either polarity.

1621 SERIES
Max. av. forward current at 135° C500 Amperes
Surge overload rating , 1 cycle8500 Amperes
Controlled Avalanche Voltage-11002300 Volts

1611 SERIES
Max . av. forward current at 135° C470 Amperes
Surge overload rating, 1 cycle5200 Amperes
Controlled Avalanche Voltage-26005000 Volts

Write for technical data bulletins-
Tung-Sol Division, Wagner Electric Corporation 630 West Mt. Pleasant Ave., Livingston, N.J. 07039 Twx : 710-994-4865 ·Phone: (201) 992-1100; (212) 732-5426

TUNG-SOL

High Power Silicon Rectifiers

Trad emark TUNG-SOL Reg . U. S. Pat. Off . and Marcas Reg istradas

INFORMATION RETRIEVAL NUMBER 9

10

INFORMATION RETRIEVAL NUMBER 10 .....

A new low in power supply design.

Acopian's new low profile power supply offers outstanding performance. Line and load regulation is .005% or 1 mv. Ripple is 250 microvolts. Prolonged short circuits or overloads won't damage it. And built-in overvoltage protection is available as an option .
Yet, it's the thinnest, flattest, most "placeable" 4 .0 amp series regulated power supply ever offered . . . just 1.6811 low. This low profile makes it
perfect for mounting on a 1%" high
panel, or vertically in a narrow space . Acopian's new flat package gives you design flexibility never before

possible. And a surprisi ngly low price gives you extra bu dget flex ibility as we ll.
Standard models inc lude both wide and narrow voltage ranges. Outputs from 0 to 48 vo lts . Current
·depending on rating

rat ings from 1 to 4 amp. Prices from $80.00.
For the full low-down on the new low-down power supply, write or call Acopian Corp ., Easton, Pa. 18042.
Telephone: 215-258-5441. And remember, Acopian offers 82,000 other power supplies, each shipped w ith this tag .. .

That are readq
For Top Qualitq Testing Per/ormance
I Triplett's Model 630-M Type 1 V-O·M 1. 1,000,000 Ohms per volt DC for greater accuracy on high resistance circuits. 20,000 ohms per volt AC. 2. lµa Suspension Meter Movement. No pivots, bearings, or rolling friction. Extremely rugged. Greater sensitivity and repeatability. 3. 61 ranges, usable with frequencies through 100 kHz. Temperature compensated. l'h% DC accuracy, 3% AC in horizontal position. $231°0
nTriplett's Model 630-NS V·O·M 1. 200,000 Ohms per volt DC sensitivity for greater accuracy on high resistance circuits. 20,000 ohms per volt AC. 2. Suspension Meter Movement. No pivots, no bearings, no hairsprings; no rolling friction. Extremely rugged. 3. 62 ranges. Temperature and frequency compensated ± l1h% DC Accuracy, ± 3% AC. $116°0
Triplett's Model 630-NA Type 3 V·O·M 1. One selector switch minimizes chance of incorrect settings and burnouts. 2. 70 ranges: 1l/z% DC accuracy on meter; with mirrored scale and diode overload protection. 3. Temperature and frequency compensation; polarity reversing.
from the Instrument Makers . .. Established 1904
BLUFFTON, OHIO 45817

Designer's Calendar

OCTOBER 1970

I-

s MT wT F s

1 2 3

4 5 6 7 8 9 10

11 12 13 14 15 16 17

18 19 20 21 22 23 24

25 26 27 28 29 30 31

1
For further information on meetings, use Information Retrieval Card.

Oct. 26-28 Electronic & Aerospace Systems Convention (EASCON), (Washington, D. C. ) Sponsor: IEEE. Richard Marsten, NASA Hdqs., Code SC, Washington, D. C. 20546.
CIRCLE NO. 401

Oct. 28-30 International Electron Devices Meeting (Washington, D. C. ) Spon sor: IEEE. E. 0 . Johnson, RCA, 415 S. 5th St., Harrison , N. J . 07029.
CIRCLE NO. 402

NOVEMBER 1970

h

s MTwT F s

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21

22 23 24 25 26 27 28

29 30

l

Nov. 15-19 Engineering in Medicine & Biology (Washington , D. C. ) . Spon so r: IEEE. Rich ard J ohn s, 522 Tray lor Bldg., J ohn s Hopkin s Sch oo l of Medicine, Baltimore, Md. 21205.
CIRCLE NO . 403

Nov. 17-19 Fall Joint Computer Conference (Houston, Texas) . Sponsor: IEEE. L. E. Axsom, IBM Scientific Center, 6900 F annin, Houston , Texas 77025.
CIRCLE NO. 404
... INFORMATION RETRIEVAL NUMBER 11

The UniPower series of compact, wide voltage range, regulated power supplies will reduce your power supply inventory drastically. A unique design concept, developed by Power/Mate Corp.. allows any UniPower supply to be set for a range of voltages. Therefore , you need only inventory one supply in place of dozens. The entire Uni Power Series replaces literally thousands of narrow-range supplies! Find out more about how to cut down your power supply inventory. Write or call POWER/MATE CORP. today.

Uni-JDC Price: $1J4.00

The UniPower Series of Nine
Uni-76 - 0-34 volts, 0.5 amps - $76.00 Uni-88 - 0-34 volts, 1.5 amps - $99.00 Uni-30C - 0-30 volts, up to 4 amps - $134.00 Uni-JOO - 0-30 volts, up to 6 amps - $151 .00 Uni-JOE - 0-30 volts, up to 12 amps - $174.00 Uni-JOF - 0-30 volts, up to 15 amps - $205.00 Uni-JOG - 0-30 volts, up to 24 amps - $265.00 Uni-JOH - 0-30 volts, up to 34 amps - $J15.00 UniTwin-164 - dual output 0-25 volts, 0.75 amps - $164.00

OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. OUTPUT CURRENT FOR VARI-RATED UNI SERIES

VOLTAGE MODEL
0-3 5 6 8 10 12 14 15 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30

UNl-76

0.5 amp throughout range

UNl-88

1.5 amps throughout range

UNl-30C 4 4 4 4 4 3.75 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.25 3.0 2.9 2.75 2.5 2.5 2.1

UNl·30D 6 6 6 5.6 5.2 5.0 4.7 4.5 4.3 4.2 4.1 3.7 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.1

UNl-30E 12 12 11 10.5 9.5 9.3 8.5 8.0 7.7 7.5 7.0 6.5 6.0 5.7 5.5 5.2

UNl·30F 15 15 15 14.2 12.8 12.0 11.5 11.0 10.0 9.9 9.4 8.9 8.7 8.5 8.0 7.6

UNl-30G 24 22 21 20 18 17 16.5 16.0 15.5 15 14 13.5 13 12.5 12 11.5

UNl·30H 34 32 31 29 25 23 22 21 20 19 17 16.5 16 15.5 15 14.3

SPECIFICATIONS: Regulation - up to ± 0.005% or 1 MV for line and load; Ripple - Less than 250 microvolts; Response Time - Less than 20 microseconds; Overload and Short Circuit Protection - Solid state. Instantaneous recovery, and automatic reset. Cannot be damaged by prolonged short circuit or overload. Internal or External Adjustable OVP Available.

FREE : Send for complete catalog . Write to :
POWER/MATE CORPORATION

514 SOUTH RIVER ST., HACKENSACK, NEW JERSEY 07601

PHONE : (201) 343-6294

TWX : (710) 990-5023

INFORMATION RETRIEVAL NUMBER 12 13

Grant is in the moving business

Look at it this way
it
T-. . , n·'·· i . :Jf'I ~· 1

Have we moved you lately?

We move more things thari you can imagine (more than we ever imagined when we first got into this business of moving-years and years ago). We call our movers slides.

Some of our slides are stee l-nerved and will precisely move delicate X-Ray equipment millimeters of an inch at a time. Some of our more muscular types carry submarine bunks from one position to another. Others take weighty electronic equipment for a short, sweet ride. Yet other slides handle metal drawers (and their contents) with kid gloves. Still others give dollar-bill changing vending machines a run for the money.

There are hundreds of Grant Slides for tens of thousands of applications. They increase reliability

G R A . . I "" and save time, money and effort in the maintenance and repair of movable components.

Is your product moving in the right direction? Why not check it out. A Grant catalog is yours for the asking.

~® I~

WE KEEP THINGS MOVING

GRANT PULLEY & HARDWARE CO., div. of Instrument Systems Corp., 21 High Street, West Nyack, N.Y. 10994 I Los Angeles, Calif.

INFORMATION RETRIEVAL NUMBER 13

14

ELECTRONIC DESIGN 20. September 27. 1970

SIGNAL SOURCERY

Here's the line that's rapidly replacing oscillators, signal generators and old-fashioned waveform generators wherever engineers are looking for sources with performance at the right price. Just for a sampling, here's what's new at EXACT:

EXACT
electronics, inc.
P. 0 . Box160 Hillsboro, Oregon 97123 Phone (503) 648-6661

Models 201 and 202 Waveform Synthesizers. Build most any
m:m....... digital or analog waveform, bit by bit- 40 bits to work with. Model 124 Multigenerator. You name it-it does it.

· lllllliMll

Model 127 Digital-Dial/Sweep Generator. Production problems? Here's your signal source answer.

line

Plus a full line of signal sources starting as low as $295 , at frequencies from 0.0001 Hz into the high frequency band. Sweepers, trigger and gating, tone burst-pick the model that fits your needs.

U.S. REPR ESENTATIVES
EASTERN- Fayetteville, N.Y. (315) 637-6405 (Martin P. Andrews, Inc.); Arlington , Mass. (617) 646-1034; Glastonbury, Conn. (203) 633-0777 (Instrument Represe ntatives, Inc.); Orlando, Fla. (305) 241-4445; Huntsville, Ala . (205) 539-0761; Winston -Salem, N.C. (919) 724-2406; Chamblee, Ga. (404) 457-7117; Rockville , Md. (301) 424-9460 (Lee Associates); King of Prussia, Pa. (2 15) 265-102·1 (Letronix); Great Neck, N.Y. (516) 482-3500 (Measurement Technology, Inc); Beltsville , Md. (301) 345-6767 (Scienti lic Marketi ng Associates); Farm ington, Mich. (313) 477-7700; Dayton, Ohio (513) 278-5873; Cleve land, Ohio (216) 333-5650; Pittsburgh , Pa. (412) 824-3760 (Carter, Mccormic and Peirce, Inc.)
CENTRAL-Chicago, Ill. (312) 774-6440; Minneapolis, Minn. (612) 920-708 0; Indianapolis, Ind. (317) 243-6681; Milwaukee, Wisc. (414) 482-1313 (Kenneth W. Meyers Company); Florissant, Mo. (314) 831-0342; Leavenworth, Kans. (913) 651-2929 !McGraw Engineeri ng Company); Rich ardson, Texas (214) 231-6541; Houston, Texas (713) 781-2711 (Scientific Sales Company)
WESTERN-Sea ttle, Wash. (206) 622-0177; Portland, Ore. (503) 292-8762; An chorage, Alaska (907) 272-5231 (Arva, Inc.); Burlingame, Calif. (415) 344-2521; Los Angele s, Calif. (213) 837-0123 (Dynamic Associates) ; Englewood, Colo. (303) 771-5424 ; Albuque rque, N.M. (505) 265-5961; Salt Lake Cit y, Utah (801) 487-7747 ; Tempe, Ariz. (602) 275·7524 (Hyer Associates , Inc.)

Circle Re ader Service Nos.: 350 (Models 201 & 202); 351 (Model 124); 352 (Model 127); 353 (Models 605 & 606)
ELECTRO IC DESIGN 20, September 27, 1970

I NTERNA TIONA L
Argenlina-Coasin, S.A., Virrey del Pino 4071, Buenos Aries . Aust ral ia- Electronic Associates , Ply. Ltd., 40 Atchinson St., St. Leonards NSW 2065. Austr ia-lnglomark Markowitsch and Co., Mariahilfer Strasse 133, Wien XV . Be lgium -Regulatio n-Mesu re spri, 73 Ave . R Vandendriessche , Bruxelles 15. Brazil-Ambries SA, Ave Grace Aranha, 226-6° Rio de Janeiro. Canada-Atlas Instrument Corporation, Ltd., Ontario (416) 781·6175, Quebec (514) 489-8495. Chile-Pentz and Gia, Lida.. Cas illa 2839, Santiago. Denmark-ScMetric A/ S, Rundforbivej 186, 2850 Naerum. England -Environmental Equipments, Lt d., Denton Road, Wokingham , Berkshire. Finl and-Finn Metric OY, Poutapolku 3, Tapiola. France-Tranchant Electronique , 19 Rue Madame de Sanzillon , 92 Clichy. Greece-Marios Dalleggio Rep resentations , 2 Alopekis St., Athens . India-Industrial Agencies , 111 Mahatma Gandhi Road, Bombay 1. Iraq-Abdul Masih E. Jwaideh , 85 Saadun St., Bagdad . lsrael-Eastronics, Ltd. 75 Haifa Road , Tel Aviv. llal y-Silverstar Ltd., Via Oei Gracchi 20, 20146 Milano. Japan-Toyo Trading Co.. Ltd., P.O. Box 5014, Tokyo. LebanonProjects, P.O. B.5281 , Beirut. Mexico-Fredin , S.A. , P.O. Box 53-958, Mexico 17 D.F. The Netherlands-C.N. Rood n.v.. P.O. Box 42, Ri jswi Jk (Z.H.) 2100. New Ze aland-W and K Mclean Ltd., P.O. Box 3097, Auckland; G.P.0 . 496, Wellington 1. Norway-Metric A.S.. P.B.80, Bekkelagshgd, Kongsveien 91, Oslo. Paki stan-Pakland Corporation , Central Commercial Area , Karachi 29. Portugal-Equipamentos de Laboratoria Lda, Rue Pedro Nunes 47, Lisbon. Rep. of Ch ina-Heighten Trading Co.. Ltd., P.O. Box 1408, Ta ipei , Taiwan. South Africa- Associated Electronics (Pty) Ltd., P.O. Box 31094, Braamfontein, Johannesburg. SpalnTelco, S.L. , Gravina 27, Madrid. SwadenScandia Metric AB . Dalvagen 12, Fack Solna, Stockholm . Switzerland-Omni Ray AG, Dufourstrasse 56, Zurich 8008. We st GermanyRohde and Schwarz Vertriebs-GMBH , Hohe Strasse 160· 168 , Koeln .
15

I I\

When multi-faceted display problems dictate 9 to 9 work days, it's high time you saw things in a new light, on a single plane with no "dancing" digits and with no eye strain. Legi DG 12C numerical indicator tube segments are an eye-easy phosphor green for a readout as bright and clear as day, legible at distances over 35 feet. These tubes offer low-voltage, low current drain, and high stability advantages so definitive .and pack a performance punch so large, you can' t afford not to afford to examine full particulars. They fit to the 'T" perfectly portable and circuit- board mounting applications and are avail able at mass production prices. Look at these important particulars, then write for comprehensive dat a

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LEGI DG 12C
Filament voltage at 95mA ............ 0.85volts ± 10%

Phosphor segments & control grid ....... .... 20 Vdc

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Operating temperature ...... - 10° to + 70° C
* Dynamic life expectancy ... .. 200,000 hrs .

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~Sole U.S. Distributor:

Legi Electronics Corporation

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<@:> Manufacturer:
lse Electronics Corporation

P.O. Box 46. 'lse City Mie Pref.. Japan Phone : Mie (059627)-26

DG 12H

DG 10A

INFORMATION RETRIEVAL NUMBER 14

16

E L ECTRO IC D ES IGN 20. September 27, 1970

14 ways to keep current on computer languages ... equipment ... terminology

Discovering Basic: A Problem Solving Approach Robert E. Smith . This new course starts the reader program· ming on page three, pinpointing the vocabulary of BASIC as it develops skill and confidence. Clear explana· tions speed the reader through the brief exercises and reviews which re· fleet this language's growing imper· lance in timesharing systems. More than thirty-five pages of programs for the lessons and reviews are easily located at the back of the book. 224 pp., 5% x 8 1/. , illus. , paper, #5783, $5.95; cloth, #5784, $7 .95
Basic Basic: An Introduction to Com· puter Programming in Basic Lan· gauge James S. Coan. Written in a precalculus mathematics setting, this new text is desig ned to work in conjunction with a math course or as a separate programming course. Progressing from short complete pro· grams to more sophisticated prob· lems, the text encourages the use of flowcharts as an aid in program· writing. Solutions to even-numbered problems appear in the text; the remainder, in a separate teacher's gu ide. 272 pp. , 6 x 9, illus., paper, #5872; cloth, #5873
Comprehensive Standard Fortran Programming James N. Haag . This up· to-date course teaches how to program effectively using t he full version of FORTRAN IV as standardized by the U.S .A . Standards Institute. From the outset, portions of the language are applied in writing programs drawn from a variety of disciplines. Math· ematics are kept to a minimum as the book provides mastery of the thirty -two different FORTRAN instructions, as well as an understanding ot computer capabilities and limita· tions . This well -organized, clearly written book is ideally suited for either self-study or classroom use . 312 pp., 7'/8 x 93/., illus., paper, #5811, $6.95; cloth, #5812, $8.95
Comprehensive Fortran Programming James N. Haag. The hig hly success· ful course in FORTRAN II teaches the language as used by the IBM 1620 compiler with an attached 1311 Disk Drive, with adaptations to suit other systems. Programming begins immediately, with applications to the BEST-SAM areas: Business, Engineering, Science, Technology, Social Science, Agriculture, and Mathematics. 246 pp., 7 % x 10'/8 , illus., paper, #5646, $5 .95

Basics of Digital Computers, Revised Second Edition John S. Murphy. Of· fering a complete foundation in today's equipment and systems, the fully updated edition of this three· volume work is excellent for self· teaching or classroom use. Free of needlessly confusing jargon, it includes over 300 all-new illustrations to drive home its discussion of concepts relevant to all systems. The first volume explains how information is programmed into the machine to produce an answer or to be stored for later use. Vo lume two covers the constructio n and fun ctio n of the var· ious components. The linku p and control of an overall system, covered in volume three, completes the back· ground needed to master specific systems. 391 pp., 6 x 9, illus. 3 vol. set, paper, #0737, $11.25; 3 vol. com bined, cloth, $9.95; indiv. paper vols., #0738, # 0739, # 0740, $3.75
Basics of Digital Computer Program· ming John S. Murphy . This invalu· able introduction to business-data prog ramming uses general program· ming examples to illustrate practical compu ter applications. Discussion is clarified through continual reference to the internal orga n ization of a typical computer. 118 pp., 6 x 9, illus., paper, #0405, $3.95
Basics of Analog Computers T . D. Truitt and A . E. Rogers. Three vol· umes in one-a concise review of the principles, hardware, and applications of the modern analog computer. It reveals the principles of analysis through analogy and simulation . 400 pp., 6 x 9, illus., cloth, #0256, $12 .50
Computer Arithmetic Henry Jacobo· witz. A refresher course in the basic operations of all positional number systems with applications in com· puters, this compact volume explains binary, octal, hexadecima l, and ternary arithmetic, along with conversion methods. 128 pp ., 5 1/2 x 8 1/, . illus ., paper, # 0 29 7, $3 .75
Computer Numbering Systems and Binary Arithmetic Tra ining Systems, Inc., and Stanley l. Levine. This prog rammed course proceeds g radually throug h al l the required mathematical processes. No previous knowledge of binary or octa l numbering systems, or with computers, is needed . 232 pp., 6 x 9, paper, #0380, $5.45

Standard Dictionary of Computers and Information Processing Martin H. Weik. Widely praised for its broad scope, detailed definitions, and illus· trative examples, this essential reference encompasses more than 10,000 hardware and software terms in gen· eral use throughout the burgeoning field of computers and their applica· tions. Thorough cross-referencing permits complete mastery of the vocabulary of hundreds of topics: programming and computer engineering to input-output devices and checking systems. The Computer Tree, repro· duced on the endpapers, traces the lineage of more than 500 computer models built to date. 336 pp., 6 x 9, ill us., cloth, #5677, $10.95
Data Transmission and Data Processing Dictionary James F. Holmes . A practical source to the proper defi· nitions for more than 3,000 terms used in data processing, telephony, teleg ra phy, facsimile, and data trans· mission work. 103· pp., 6 x 9 , paper, #0396, $2.50
Understanding Digital Computers Ronald Benrey. A comprehensive g uide for those who need in-depth understanding of computers, but not a technical grasp of the equipment. Describing computers in terms of similar, and simple building blocks that make up a system, the book stre5ses the function of these ele· ments, rather than their actual electronic construction . Programming, binary arithmetic, logical design, and other key topics are fully explained. 166 pp., 6 x 9, illus., paper, # 0473 , $4 .75
Digital Magnetic Tape Recording Bernard B. Bycer. This unique desig n tool fully describes functions and operations, also providing valuable data for specification, purchase and use of the equipment. 328 pp., 6 x 9, illus ., cloth, #5031, $12.50
How to Build a Working Digital Com· puter Edward Alcosser, James P. Phillips, and Allen Wolk. Popular book provides complete instructions for building an inexpensive computer that can be prog rammed to solve problems . 176 pp., 6 x 9, illus., paper, #0748, $4.45

BASICS OF DIGITAL COMPUTERS
Vol.1 through 3

Send no money - clip or duplicate this coupon today!

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Please send the book(s) listed on a 15-day free exa min ation basis. At the end of that time, I will rem it payment, plus postage, or return th e book(s) without further obligation.

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Marketing and salespeople can't specify your products .. . engineers can . Products don 't move through distributors until they are specified by engineers . Now there's a way to reach more* EOEM engineers and reach them taster. It's Electronic Design 's new FAST CLOSE FORM-right up front in the News Section . You can get out your new product story, your price announcements or delivery and distribution information, quickly, while they 're still hot. Closing date for film positives is only 24 hours before press time , . . 48 hours before the issue mails. You save 3 full weeks over normal closing. The form will accept full pages or spreads in b&w or 2-color; premium is only $150 per insertion . Call your Electronic Design representative today for complete information.
·Electronic Design has 72,271 EOEM engineers and engineering managers-53 ,372 more than Ele c /ronic News ... 37,998 more /han Electronics. Source: December, 1969 BPA and ABC Publisher's Statements.

ISSUE DATE
June 7 June 21 July 5 July 19 Aug . 2 Aug . 16 Sept. 1 Sept. 13

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Pick your performance.

Tailored Wafer Fabrication :
a unique Innovation In semiconductor manufacture.

Qualidyne goes the whole route in linear op amps.
Whatever you want, we have.
And every linear IC we produce has the same quality as the next. Thanks to TWF (Tailored Wafer Fabrication).
Our exclusive TWF process lets us produce linear amplifiers of unusually high quality for prices that are down to earth.
Why? Because this proprietary process makes possible initial wafer yields nearly twice the industry average.
For the amplifier you want-from micro power to general purpose to super op amps-just let us know what you want. We'll send you the one to fill your needs.

Qualidyne Corporation

Want more information on the Linear Op Amp Family from Qualidyne? Contact your Qualidyne representative, or contact us directly. If you need data on our diode arrays, monolith ic duals, drivers/receivers or semiconductor memories, do likewise.
Qualidyne Corporation I 3699 Tahoe Way, Santa Clara, California 95051 I (408) 738-0120

INFORMATION RETRIEVA L NUMBER 16

ELECTRON IC D ESIGN 20, Septembe r 27. 1970

19

··· want a tantalum capacitor with proven performance?

Buy TYPE ISOD TANTALEX® SOLID-ELECTROLYTE CAPACITORS

INFORMATION RETRIEVAL NUMBER 882

· Hermetically-sealed in metal cases · Four case sizes, ranging from
~" to 3f.i" length · Value-packed performance characteristics-
low impedances at high frequencies, low dissipation factor, minimal capacitance drift with temperature, practically no change in capacitance with life · Low leakage current limits · New higher capacitance ratings · Request Engineering Bulletin 3520F

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Buy resistors with built-in dependability···

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· All-welded end-cap construction eliminates moisture along leads, also anchors leads securely to resistor body · Expansion coefficients of vitreous coating, ceramic core, and end caps are closely matched · Standard wattage ratings include l, 2, 2.5, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 11 watts · Also available with radial tab terminals in ratings from 8 to 230 watts · Request Engineering Bulletin 74100

INFORMATION RETRIEVAL NUMBER 8B3
For Engineering Bulletins as noted above, write to: Technical Literature Service, Sprague Electric Co., 347 Marshall Street, North Adams, Massachusetts 01247.

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20

ELECTRON IC D ESIGN 20, September 27, 1970

HiDhliDhling THE ISSUE

A revolution in telephone transmission appears in the making in the 1970s. After years of reliance on coaxial cable and microwave links, the Bell System is turning seriously to new technology.
Two-inch pipes, or waveguidessimilar to those on the bench above -will be used in a new communications system scheduled for a 1974 field trial by Bell Labs. Earl Harkness, a technician, tests ways to amplify the high-frequency radio waves traveling through the waveguide. Page 30

~,_

-- ---------

C>

V· -

C>u,put

'
Able to switch ± 10-V signals directly from DTL or TTL levels, a new general-purpose FET analog gate comes complete with a driver for a price of only $8.10 in single quantities and $6 in lots of 100 to 249 units.
This new break-before-make switch uses a monolithic switching circuit as a driver to provide the advantages of small size and operates over the military temperature
range of - 55 to + 125 °C.
A high typical immunity of 1.5 V is provided from logic noise, and maximum resistance is 60 ohms. Propagation delay to logic state ZERO is 0.5 µ,s, and 1 µ,s to logic state ONE. Page 72

Arbitrary functions of one or two variables are frequently required in many types of electronic equipment. Several techniques for their generation have been proposed, but the problems of accuracy and complexity have never been satisfactorily solved. Here is a method that uses a read-only: memory (ROM) to store discrete values of the function and timeaveraging interpolation to construct straightline segments between the data points.
Hardware requirements for very complicated functions are not large. And the ROM time-averaging function generators offer excellent repeatability and high operating speed. Page 42

ELECTRONIC DESIGN 20, September 27. 1970

21

NEW BURROUGHS' NIXIE® TUBE
DRIVER MODULES COMBINE
FOR LOW COST READOUT SYSTEM FLEXIBILITY
Burroughs introduces a new concept in packaging convenience for numeric readouts of 3 to 15 digits - standard module complete with NIXIE tubes and ready to use - with or without a bezel. For optimum flexibility in decoder drivers (C2502 series), decoder drivers with memory (C2504 series), and decade counters with memory (C2506 series) use plug-in modules of 3, 4 or 5 digits singly or in combination to meet exact requirements for any readout of 3 to 15 digits. Available immediately for off-the-shelf delivery. Burroughs' new modular assemblies provide unprecedented advantages of cost, performance and application flexibility. Write today for descriptive brochure. Burroughs Corporation, Electronics Components Division, P.O. Box 1226, Plainfield, New Jersey 07061 . Tel.: (201) 757-3400
Burroughs

News scone
SEPTEMBER 27, 1970

Military R&D spurring new civilian applications

R&D conducted originally for the mili tary is paying off increasingly in civilian applications.
Among the developments announced this month :
· The first phased-array radar for general aviation.
· The use of side-looking radar for geologic reconnaissance.
· A computer-display anticollision system for civilian ship&.
Phased-array antenna shown
The phased-array antenna for general aviation-designated the AVQ-21 by its manufact urer, the RCA Aviation Equipment Dept. in Los Angeles-was shown publicly for the first time in the National Business Aircraft Association meeting in Denver.
According to George Jung, a microwave engineer who worked on the system: " By going to a 12-inch phased array instead of a 12-inch paraboli c, we picked up an additional 1.8 dB of antenna gain . In a two-way system, such as a radar, this means that we have 3.6 dB of additional system gain."

Kay Fujimoto, AVQ-21 project leader, notes: "The additional gain allows a reduction in the transmitter power required for operation at a 180-nautical-mile range of from about 20 kw to 8 kw."
Fujimoto also points out that because of the decrease in transmitter power, the system is 17 pounds li ghter than its parabolic counterpart and requires far less input power.
Another advantage resulting from the lower transmitter power is that the radar can operate at higher altitudes without corona problems. It has been tested without corona to about 55,000 feet, the manufacturer says.
The operating frequency of the transmitter is 9345 MHz. The receiver 'is a double-conversion system.
Intended primarily for the general-aviation jet market, the system will sell for about $17,000.
Side-looking radar for hire
Westinghouse Electric Corp. of Pittsburgh has equipped a DC-6B

aircraft with "the only side-look radar presently available for hire in geologic survey work."
The mosaic maps produced by the radar imaging resemble aerial photography, but since signals in the Ka Band (26.5 to 40 GHz ) penetrate clouds, foliage and grass cover, the received picture shows contours of the earth's surface that wou ld otherwise remain hidden. It is these hitherto unseen formations that help geologists identify areas of greatest promise for min~ ing and petroleum.
The Westinghouse-equipped aircraft is slated to work for oil companies in Alaska's North Slope next year, and after that, the company says, plans call for s urveys in Canada and in Africa,
Collision avoidance at sea
By applyin g military technology to the peacetime problem of pre~ venting collisions at sea, Iotron Corp. of Bedford, Mass., has developed a computer-display system that takes data from any ordinary shipboard radar and calculates and displays the positions, courses, velocities and projected position& of nearby ships.
The system, called Digiplot, analyzes all echoes detected by the ship's radar and automatically acquires, tracks and plots the most threatening ships, up to a total of 40, within 12 miles. An automatic alarm is triggered on the basis of "closest point of approach distance (CPA)" and "time to CPA," as set by the operator. (See E:O 17, Aug. 16, 1970, p. 38.)

Side look radar image of region of New Guinea resembles aerial photo. Radar Is aiding geologists in the search for ore and oil.
~ INFORMATION RETRIEVAL NUMBER 18

Riskless contract offered
by RCA to computer user
RCA's new line of computers is being offered to current users of IBM 360/ 30, 40 and 50 ·with a guarantee of successful conversion. This unique policy was announced by Robert W. Sarnoff, president of RCA, in conjunction with the unvei ling of models 2, 3, 6 and 7.
The new computers are described as offering considerably greater memory capacity than current IBM equipment at rio increase in cost. The memories range from 131-k bytes in the RCA 2 to 512-k bytes in the RCA 7.
23

News
SCOPBcoNTINUED
Sarnoff said, "The new business policy should go a long way toward removing the doubt that has plagued those who must decide whether to move from one manufacturer's system to another."
Two of the new computers, models 3 and 7, make use of virtual memory to give the user almost unlimited memory capabilities within the framework of a standard main memory. This is accomplished by dynamic linking of the computer to auxiliary memories. Up to 2 million bytes in model 3 and 8 million bytes in model 7 are possible.
The guaranteed conversion policy will be limited initially to current installations of 360 / 30, 40 and 50, which operate under IBM's disc operating system. This restriction has been made because "the concept is an entirely new one," according to L. E. Donegan, Jr., vice president of the RCA Computer Systems Division that makes the new machines.
Two-week space tour envisioned in 10 years
Ten or 15 % of all scientists and
engineers who are now 25 years old can look forward to orbiting the earth in a space station by the time they are 35, says Dr. Hans Mark, director of NASA's Ames Research Center. He made this observation · at a NASA-sponsored meeting of 450 scientists and technical leaders from universities and industries all over the country at Moffett Field, Calif., early this month.
NASA can develop a space station for 24 people and shuttle personnel from earth to space and back every two weeks, Dr. Mark said. "Over a 4-year-period," he noted, "that would add up to about 2000 people."
However, he expressed fears that too much emphasis is being placed on the kinds of experiments that should go into the station and not enough emphasis on the people who will go and what their requirements will be. NASA leaders, he

said, should start contacting young science graduate students now to find out their ideas about such an undertaking.
The space-station program is in its early planning stages and is not yet funded. However, a preliminary Skylab made with Apollo hardware, and containing a telescope for solar observations and remote sensing equipment for earth resources experiments, is scheduled for launch in 1972. It will orbit three astronauts for periods up :to .56 days,
Color images copied in 3 seconds on any paper
In three seconds or less positive black-and-white or color images can now be produced on any kind of paper, according to Electroprint, Inc., Palo Alto, Calif.
The 11ew technique, says company president Samuel B. MacFarlane, Jr., has applications as a black-and-white or color copy machine, a low-cost camera, or a computer output device where it could provide hard copy on plain paper either from the CRT screen or other light source such as lightemitting diodes. It could al o be used as a high-speed printer, producing alphanumeric output directly from digital signals. Characters can be printed serially, according to MacFarlane, so that., the user can make changes as he goes along. Yet it will be able to print up to 1000 characters per second.
In all these applications, a charge image is produced on a photoconductive screen, and suspended ink particles are propelled through the screen by electrostatic forces onto a piece of paper behind it.
First all-LSI computer fits on a desk top
An all-LSI computer with capabilities equivalent to an IBM 360/ 30 can fit on top of an ordinary desk, according to its manufacturer, Four-Phase Systems, Cupertino, Calif. Lee Boysel, president of Four-Phase, said that the central processor of the unit is contained on a single 8-by-10-inch card containing 12 semiconductor chips.

The computer, System IV / 70, is designated for data entry and retrieval from data bases and is expected to be available in early 1971. The first showing of the system will be at the Fall Joint Computer Conference in Houston in November.
The use of MOS/ LSI exclusively in memory and control circuits was made possible by having complete in-house semiconductor design and manufacturing, according to Boysel. A fu ll line of peripherals and compatibility with System 360 are among the features of the new computer.
Riders must fasten seat belts-or else
"Lock your seat belt or the car won't start." That's the warning a new Autosafe seat-belt system gives its users with a blinking indicator and an attention-getting beeper. The new system develo1 ed by Irvin Industries, Greenwich, Conn., has pressure - sensitive switches under each seat plus a mercury switch in each seat-belt buckle. Thefle are connected by means of an SCR to the starter solenoid. Connecting all seat-belts causes the SCR to conduct, energ1zmg the starter solenoid bY, means of the key.
The system has built-in logic that tells how many people are in the car and when all s~at belts have been secured.
For off-track betting: a new computer system
A sophisticated software and hardware system has been ordered by New York City to help it to operate as a legal bookie.
Under a new revenue-ra1smg law, the city has set up an OffTrack Betting Corp. and will begin taking bets on horse races shortly. It has selected Computer Sciences Corp., Los Angeles, from among 12 bidders to design its bookie system.
The requirements include a data bank, computational ability and new terminal hardware. The data bank will keep records, especially the balances of telephone customers, while the computer figures the latest odds. · ·

24

INFORMATI ON RETRIEVAL NUMBER 19 ~

MAKE YOUR CONNECTIONS: FAST. With Molex standard and miniature connectors. They're easier to work with. Simplify wiring. Speed production. Save assembly steps. Make installation and servicing extra easy, too. This is why circuitry idea men everywhere are making connections with Molex. From one circuit to 104 or more. Production keyed and available in a variety of colors to meet design requirements. Molex has the

connector. Plus the design and engineering

capability to solve the most complex wiring

problems ··· fast. For a colorful free sample

of the Molex connector write: Molex Incor-

porated, Downers Grove, Illinois 60515. Or

you can make connections by

calling (312) 969-4550.

·~

n1olex ··· creating components that simplify circuitry

What madeAmperex a lea · supplier of trimmer capacitors ... all of a sudden?

The addition of
Film Dielectrics~
for one thing···

Yesterday film dielectric trimmer capacitors were not available. Today Amperex gives you a choice of complete lines of film dielectric and tubular ceramic types . .. both lines available in production quantities. The excellent characteristics of polyethylene and PTFE films result in advantages that were never available in trimmers using any other dielectric material. Easy to specify, easy to use . .. as few as three or four film types usually cover the entire range of trimmer requirements for communications equ ipment des igns , TV rece ivers and industrial applications .
Film dielectrics offer high total capacitance (up to 100 pf) and large capacitance swings along with minimum " zero " capacitance . They show far less temperature-dependency and they permit extremely accurate setting of trimming capacity.
Designed for mounting on P.C. boards, these new film types are available in single -stator, split-stator and differential versions .
In addition to the film dielectrics, Amperex offers a complete line of tubular ceramic trimmers for UHF radio and TV and industrial applications.
Included are " stand up" types for mounting on P.C. boards and several industrial types that replace corresponding MIL-C-144098 trimmers at significantly lower cost ... with no compromise in performance.
For add itional information and new short-form catalog of the entire line of Amperex components, write: Amperex Electronic Corporation, Component Div. , Hauppauge, N. Y. 11787. Telephone : 516-234-7000.
Amperex
TOMORRow·s THI NK ING IN TODAY "S PRODUCTS
A NORTH AMERICA PHILIPS COMPANY

NEWS

Design the accidents out of your product!

Good record-keeping and failure analysis advised to curb the increa~ing damage suits by consumers

ure-mode analysis could be effective evidence of the manufacturer's intent to produce a safe product.

Jim McDermott East Coast Editor
Ten years ag,o if an accident occurred in t he use of an electronic produ ct, not too many people hounded the designer. Today, with more and more consumers itching to sue, manufacturers are calling on designers to prevent accidents in the use of their products before they occur.
The problem was discussed recently at the First Product Liability Conference, held at t he Newark ( N. J. ) College of Engineering.
In a keynote address to the conference, Harry M. Philo of Detroit, a lawyer who specializes in product design litigation, summed up the legal problem that designers face this way:
"A defective prod uct is one which is not reasonably safe for reasonably foreseeable uses, intended or unint ended·'+, or one wh ich presents a n unreasonable or unacceptable risk of injury.
"Any risk of serious injury or death is unacceptable if reasonable acc ident-prevention methods can eliminate it and the risk is not knoicn to the user* . A 100% risk [ is acceptable] if t he inju ry is minimal and the risk is known by

as follows: "Proper record-keeping can be
the best insurance against liability that the manufacturer can hope to have. Documentation for liability prevention and protection appli es to all aspects of the product, including design, manufacture, sales and service."
Record-keeping is essential because of the widespread application by the courts of the doctrine of "strict liability." This, Smith explained, means that a pla intiff need not demonstrate negli gence in the manufacture of a product, but simply that a defect in it existed, whether or not the manufacturer knew it existed or cou ld have prevented it. In many cases, the manufacturer has ·been held -responsible for use of his product that was not originally intended but that the court said was fo r eseeable. In othe1: words, the manufacturer must anticipate possible misuse of his product. If he doesn't, the plaintiff's lawyer may ciite it as a lack of "due care."
Thomas A. Daly, director of reliability and product safety for Westinghouse Electric Corp., Pittsburgh, poi nted out that diagrams and charts developed through fai l-

An even better technique, according to Paul Gottfried, principal scientist with Booz-Allen Applied Research, Inc., Bethesda, Md., is called fault-tree analysis. Developed by Bell T elephone Laboratories, fault-tree analysis starts from the failure of the device and proceeds to the cause. This approach is the opposite of that of conventional failure-mode analysis, which starts with the cause.
By starting with the highest level of assembly rather than the lowest, a designer can determine the relationships between functional effects and prod uct elements . Fault-tree analysis also can be terminated as soon as significant information is obtained; the failure-mode method must be developed completely to get the desired resuJ.ts. Finally the tree can be started before the product design has been completed and all components have been specified.
A big obstacle that manufacturers face in damage su its, the conference was told, is that juries are comprised of nontechnical people.
Albert Goodman, director of quality assurance for Eaton, Yale & Towne, man ufacturers of industrial m a c h i n e r y , m a d e these points:

t he user. One seeks to eliminate

the hazard or t he risk. If this cannot be done, then it is necessary to

ELECTRIC IRON FAILS

guard the hazard, minimize the

risk, and instruct and warn of the

remaining risk."

Several approaches to accident

prevention were discussed at the

conference, all based on the user's

expe rie nce. But one area brought

solid agreement: t he need for good

records. It was expr essed by Dr.

Thomas H. F. Smith, director of

scient ific services for the Lehn & Fink Products Co., Montvale, N. J. ,

OPEN IN CORD

OPEN IN ELEMENT

Note: Asterisk indicates editor's i t a li cs.
.... INFORMATION RETRIEVAL NUMBER 20

An example of failure analysis using the fault-tree form. The analyst assumes his product has failed and then proceeds from the symptoms to all the possible causes.
27

NEWS
(liability, continued)
"One must not forget that the average jury today is very carefully picked over by the plaintiff's attorney, and rarely do they allow anyone that is knowledgeable of technical or practical matters to sit on the jury. The jurors that they wi ll invariably pick are the ones that are low on the economic scale and who seem to feel that all large corporations are fair game."·
As an example, Goodman told of a railroad boxcar repaired in midPennsylvania by welding of the frame. When the welding was finished, the car was sent empty about 1000 miles, to Iowa, to pick up a load of starch. The full load was then routed back another 1000 miles to a box-making concern. .The load of starch was pulled inside the box manufacturer's plant, and within a day or two, fire broke out inside the boxcar. The plant was totally destroyed.
The box maker contended that the frame had not cooled enough after the welding; that it had, in fact, retained heat that ignited the starch. This, after the boxcar had traveled over 2000 miles in several days.
The jury awarded the box manufacturer $13.5 million .

Typical Design Review Check List (From Westinghouse)
1. Does the design specification include all customer requirements? 2. Does the design meet all functional requirements?
a. Are maximum stresses within limits through full range of travel, load, voltage, etc.?
b. Is derating utilized, wherever possible, to increase reliability? c. Does design represent optimum in simplicity? d. Have failure modes of critical elements been considered? e. Are proper locking devices utilized? 3. Is the design satisfactory for all environmental conditions? a. Temperature (operating, transportation, and storage)? b. Humidity (operating, transportation, and ·storage)? c. Vibration (operating and transportation)? d. Shock (operating and transportation)? e. Corrosive ambients (salt air, sea water, acids, etc.)? f. Foreign mate:i'ials (dirt, oil, sand, grit, etc.) ?
g. Immersion (water, oil, etc.)?
h. Pressure and/ or vacuum? i. Magnetic fields? j. Sound ambients? k. Weather? I. Radio interference? m. Nuclear radiation? 4. Has available data on similar designs been reviewed, including: a. Factory test malfunction reports? b. Field service trouble and failure reports? c. Customer complaints? 5. Have standard, time-tried parts been used wherever possible? 6. Are drawing and specification tolerances achievable in production? 7. Does the design minimize installation problems? 8. Does the design minimize maintenance problems? 9. Has a thorough value engineering or MATS analysis been made? 10. Have all provisions for personnel safety been included? 11. Has a study of product appearance been made?

Gains are made in bubble-memory development

Although bubble memories, announced by Bell Telephone Laboratori s last September, are in no position to compete with semiconductor or core memories, significant gains in their development have been reported by James W. Nielsen, supervisor of Bell Lab's Optical and Magnetic Materials Group. He spoke at the conference on Preparation and Properties of Electronic and Magnetic l\Iaterials for Computers held this month in New York City and sponsored by the American Institute of Metallurgical Engineers.
According to Nielsen, the orthoferrite materials originally used are high ly temperature-sensitive and are a lso difficult to grow as single crystals. Early this year, Bell Labs scientists discovered certain rare earth magnetic garnets

(such as europium-ebrium-aluminum-iron-garnet) that have the required property of uniaxial anistropy. This group, said Nielsen, is not temperature sensitive and has the right bubble size (about 0.3 mi l in diameter). With bubbles of this size, memories can be made with a storage density of 1-million bits per square inch.
In a motion picture film, Nielsen showed a circuit 30 mils square containing a 1000-bit shift register. Although he declined to predict a specific time, Nielsen told ELECTRONIC DESIGN that "it won't be very Jong before such shift registers are available."
One of the main problems facing Bell in developing methods of growing the material, he said, is that the thickness of a film of bubble memory must approximate-

ly equal the diameter of the bubble. Thus it is extremely difficult to prepare memories by slicing and polishing. The obvious solution is to lay down a film on a substrate. Three techniques for doing this are being studied at Bell Labs:
· Chemical vapor depositionwhere volatile species of the metals in the garnet are vaporized and then oxidized onto a substrate.
· Liquid-phase epitaxy-where all comp on en ts are placed into solution. This solution is tipped onto a substrate, cooled, and tipped back-leaving a thin film on the substrate.
· Sputtering-where the oxide is used as an electrode and is bombarded in an rf field.
Nielsen believes that the chemical vaporization technique holds the most promise. · ·

28

ELECTRONIC DESIGN 20. Septern ber 27. 1970

r·-----------.. III

Okay, Signetics, they tell me you're prepared to custom-build ROM for all kinds of applications. To tell the truth, here's my ROM application:

I I I

I I I I

D Control D Micro-programming D ASCII-ebcdic D Hollerith to EXCESS-3

I I I

DD Binary to BCD
Adder
D Function generator D Character generator

I I I I I I I

I

D Other:

I

I B

I

I D

I

I I

B D

I I

I I I I I

D
Now you tell me the truth, and nothing but, in your data sheets and truth table forms. While

I I I

you're at it, send deta ils of your off-the-shelf
I ROM 8224 (ASCII-ebcdic) a TTL 256-bit IC I organized as 32 words with 8 bits per word.

One more thing: this is my real

I name

I

I =~ey

I

I ~~~

I

I I l

~
state

zip

I I

I Mail to: Mr. Stan Goodrich, Signetics Corpora-
tion, 811E. ArquesAve. ,Sunnyvale, Ca. 94086.

1.. ~-,..SimteJJ~~§J .1.

------------ INFORMATION RETRIEVAL NUMBER 21

ELECTRONIC DESIGN 20. September 27. 19 70

29

NEWS

Bell's goal: A telephone revolution in 1970s

Harried by overloads, telephone utility is looking to new technology to increase capacity fourfold

Milton J. Lowenstein Technical Editor
A revolution in telephone transmission appears in the making in the 1970s. After years of reliance on coaxial cable and microwave links, the Bell System is turning seriously to new technology.
In an address in New York City, William M. Ellinghous, president of the New York Telephone Co., said that Bell planned to increase its capacity fourfold through satellite, millimeterwave and laser communications. Both voice and data capabilities are scheduled to be expanded.

Already underground waveguides are projected for the latter part of the decade. And, just recently, Bell Telephone Laboratories announced that a newly developed semiconductor laser showed high promise for ultimate application in the first practical laser communications system.
"This is the laser we have been waiting for," Rudolph Kompfner, associate director of communications research at Bell Laboratories, said enthusistically at a press conference last month.
The laser, described by Bell scientists at a conference sponsored

by the American Society of Metallu rgical Engineers, is smaller than a grain of sand. It is the first to operate continuously at room temperature. Problems in adapting the device for communications remain, but Bell is hopeful that they will be solved and that the laser will prove to be the key to a longhaul system capable of carrying millions of telephone channels simultaneously. The laser itself isn't expected to cost more t han $1 a unit once fully develo!Jed.
Ellinghous, who outlined the Bell System's expansion plans in a paper given at the 1970 convention of the Association for Computing Machinery, cited improved microwave capacity as an example of progress to date. Microwave communication links have doubled in the last five year s, he noted, with increasing stress on solid-state devices and broader bandwidths.

New switching equipment has been installed in New York City's financial district to handle greatly increased traffic. Every second, 85 telephone calls pour into this office and the trend is upward .

A trend toward digital
Another trend, he said, wi ll be toward less analog transmission and more digital of both voice and data. The reason for this is t hat digital transmission is more efficient for voice and more adaptable for data.
In response to the growing demand for data communications, a digital network linkin g 60 major cities will be ready by 1975, Ellinghous said. It will include microwave links and coaxial cable and will operate in every speed range. Error rates are projected at less than one in 107 · In the meantime automatic switched networks (as opposed to private lines ) will soon be upgraded to accommodate data rates of 4800 bits/ s.
At the same convention J ohn K. Lady, director of research for the National Cable Television Association, spoke for one of Bell's possible competitors. He pointed out that CATV could easi ly carry data communications.
"A high-speed printer requires a 12 kbit/ s channel," he said. Com-

30

ELECTRONIC DESIGN 20, September 27 , 19 70

mon carriers cannot now support this rate, but a cable can now provide 200 such data channels pei: TV channel.
"Future cap2bilities include 13,000 such channels per TV channel, if both time-division and frequency multiplexing are used."
The need for expanded telephone capacity has been underscored dramatically in New York City. A report by the Federal Communications Commission has indicated that New York has the worst telephone service in the country. Traffic is so heavy that the present switching system can't handle it all in peak hours. Amid rising consumer complaints, the New York City Dept. of Consumer Affairs has told telephone subscribers not to pay their bills if service isn't meeting their needs.
Nor is this situation confined strictly to New York. Lewis C.

Clapp, president of Dial Data, Inc., of Englewood, N.J., envisions a national telephone · traffic crisis by 1972 "unless drastic and dramatic measures are taken to improve the situation." Clapp says his company decided not to locate in Manhattan because he was "advised confidentially by people within the phone company that a serious overload problem was developing."
While the Bell System has said that data communications presently constitutes only a small percentage of telephone revenue, it is an area of service that is growing rapidly. By 1975 more than 70% of all computers will involve timesharing systems, according to the Stanford Research Institute and the Arthur D. Little Co. If this happens, it will tax the already burdened telephone system still more.
To help alleviate present over-

loads, Bell is pushing mass production of ESS-the Electronic Switching System-first conceived of at Bell Laboratories in the early 1960s. ESS units are being turned out at Western Electric's huge factory in Hawthorne, Ill., near Chicago.
ESS is an improvement, but it's doubtful if it can solve the overload problem completely. A number of ESS offices have already been installed in New York, but during periods of heaviest traffic, some of these offices have been snarled for as long as 20 minutes .
Bell Telephone Laboratories, with headquarters in Murray Hill, N. J., has come up with many innovations to speed telephone service, but eventually it is up to the individual telephone companies and AT&T to plan the successful implementation of such developments. ··

A laser that may change communications

John N. Kesslei: News Editor
The key to a huge-capacity telephone communication system may rest with a tiny semiconductor laser so simple, rugged and efficient that Bell Laboratories executives are confident that it can be readily developed for use. Made of aluminum-gallium-arsenide and gallium-arsenide by two Bell scientists, Morton B. Panish and Izuo Hayashi, the device was described by the inventors at a recent con-

ference in New York sponsored by the American Society of Metallurgical Engineers.
Previously semiconductor lasers operated with short pulses of electricity. Because the amount of current required for lasing was relatively high, the laser could not be operated continuously at room temperature. As a result only a fraction of the laser's vast message-carrying capacity could be used. But by using what Panish and Hayashi refer to as a "double

p TYPE (Si-Zn)

LA YER 4

Double heterostructure for new semiconductor laser consists of four layers. The materials were prepared with liquid phase epitaxy.
ELECTRONIC DESIGN 20, September 27, 1970

heterostructure," the active region is confined to a strip 20 millionths of an inch thick, and this increases the number of hole-electron recombinations essential for lasing.
The new laser consists of four layers: two each of GaAs and AlGaAs. When a forward bias is applied across the p-n junction of the laser, infrared light is emitted at about 8500 A.
Current thresholds are as low as 2700 amperes/ cm2 · When the laser is operated at 30 % above this threshold, output power at room temperature is about 20 mw, with a power efficiency of about 2%. In experimental structures, room temperature thresholds as low as 1000 amperes / cm2 have been reported by Bell Laboratories.
The biggest remaining problem in developing a laser communication system is the transmission medium. Laser light is readily attenuated by the atmosphere, especially in rainy or snowy conditions. But Bell researchers are looking into the use of underground pipes to confine the laser beam and the possible use of gas lenses and conventional and fiber optics to focus the beam and keep it centered in the pipe. · ·
31

NEWS

Sonar research put to work in urban sewage system

Fallout from Navy sonar work has resulted in an acoustic flowmeter that will measure the velocity -- of waste water that flows from Washington, D. C., to a water-pollution plant outside the city.
Developed by the Westinghouse Ocean Research and Engineering Center near Annapolis, Md., the system measures fluid velo6ty with an accuracy of ± 1% .
The changes in sound velocity caused by differences in salinity, fluid temperature and other properties are automatically corrected. Temperature, for example, is continually read, and its effect on signal speed is compensated for in the final reading .

The device measures flow bY. comparing sound velocities of signals transmitted by two ultrasonic transducers to two hydrophone receivers. One transmitter sends its signals upstream at a 45-degree angle to the flow, the other transmits downstream. The signals downstream are carried along by the flow and arrive at the receiver faster than they would in still water. The ones fighting the upstream current take longer. The difference in time between the two reveals the velocity of th~ flow itself.
The transducers and hydrophones are mounted on the sides of the pipe so that they won't obstruct the fl ow. · ·

Ultrasonic transducers, held by S. G. Fisher, manager of sonar and flowmeter programs for Westing· house, will measure waste-water flow in Washington , D. C.

Foreigners seek U.S. market despite recessi.on

The U. S. electronics market may be feehng the pinch of a down year, but by European or Australian standards, it is a good year. As one Englishman put it :
"We're amazed at the buoyancy of your market during a 'recession.' The amount of business in Los Angeles during an off year is greater than that of the whole United Kingdom during good times."
He commented, however, that the British government delegation at Wescon had received a number of inquiries about · job opportunities in England.
Despite the economic downturn, there were more European and Australian exhibitors at Wescon this year than ever before : 28 British companies, compared with 21 last year; a Finnish Government delegation represented eight companies for the first time; and 13 Australian companies were there, compared with none last year.
Japanese exhibitors were down (20 compared with 30 last year ) , but the numbers of individual Japanese attending the show were considerably larger. Last year around 500 attended; this year there were at least 1000. Some European exhibitors said that

about 15 % of their inquiries came from the Japanese.
Foreign products that attracted the most attention fell into three categories:
· Those that were in some way unique.
· Those that saved labor costs. · Those that were less expensive or of better quality than their U. S. counterparts. A unique product shown was a British miniature closed-circuit TV camera, distributed through MTI Div. of KMS Industries, Inc., Anaheim, Cali f. The 1.5-inch-diameter camera is used for inspection of small-diameter pipes and conduits and for fuel rods in nuclear power stations and other areas where space is limited. Another product that attracted considerable interest was an operational computing system manufactured by Ceta Electronics Ltd., Poole, Dorset, England. The size of a desk-top calculator, the device is an all-digital system that can be used to simulate a wide range of engineering problems. The device consists of a console that houses integrators, multipliers, sample-and-hold units and function generators, connected to do a particular simulation. Prob-

!em parameters, such as initial conditions, time constants, and attenuation factors, may be keyed into any unit by selecting its address and setting the desired value. Outputs from the units can be continuously monitored on a CRT display.
According to Philip Cooke, managing director of the company, the all-di gital system is more accurate than a combination analog-digital system. Its accuracy is one part in 108, he said, compared to one part in 103 , for an analog computer. It is just as fast as an analog computer, he said, and less expensive.
Labor-saving devices of all types were popular. For example, the Finnish delegation reported that great interest was shown in its process-control equipment.
There was also interest in British automatic IC testers and automated bonding machines.
Anything that was price-competitive with its American counterpart was popular at the show.
Australian capacitors manufactured by Hawker Siddeley were successful because of their low price for short runs. As a company spokesman put it, "Our market is so much smaller than yours that what you consider a shortrun special is standard for us." · ·

32

ELECTRONIC D ESIGN 20, September 27, 1970

"Ifyou're calling Radiation
and Harris answers ...
Don't hang up!"

RADIATION MICROHfCTRONICS HAS CHANGfO ITS NAMf TO HARRIS SfMICONOUCTOR

INFORMATION RETRIEVAL NUMBER 22

ELECTRONIC D ESIGN 20, September 27 , 1970

33

NEW PLANT:

HARRIS SEMICONDUCTOR . . . a new name and a new IC manufacturing facility with approximately 113,000 sq. ft. of the latest innovations in wafer manufacturing and development.

HARRIS SEMICONDUCTOR , the new name for Radiation Microelectronics , is just in time for the opening of one of the most up-to-date IC manufacturing facilities in the country. Smooth production flow and exacting quality control have been the keynote of its design. To assure environmental integrity there are four completely

isolated modules right in the heart of the building: two for wafer manufacturing and inspection ... one for engineering development and assembly . . . and the fourth for photomasking and process development. Each has its own vertical laminar-flow ventilation system which blankets the entire module with super-clean air kept at 72° ± 1°F and 45% ± 1% rela -

tive humidity. And as added environmental protection, the air is filtered again by the laminar-flow hoods at each individual production station. That assures us of maximum yield for our high-quality chips. And it assures Harris Semiconductor customers that they'll get IC's with the best price/ performance ratio on the market.

SUPER-CLEAN AIR . .. In vertical laminar-flow hoods designed to provide additional air filtering, wafer photo resist is exposed to ultraviolet light after precise mask al ignment.

. .. THE LATEST DIFFUSION EQUIPMENT Six furnace chambers on each of these Brute diffusion systems are regulated within 0 .25°C for precise uniformity of wafer diffusion rates.

All material moving through the manufacturing process is continually moni~ored to assure conformance to the rigid standards of high quality Harris Semiconductor has been noted for.

34

ELECTRON IC D ESIGN 20, Septem ber 27 , 1970

NEW PRODUCTS

64-BIT BIPOLAR RAM WITH 35ns ACCESS
Using Schottky clamped transistors the Harris RAM0064 is the first bipolar read/ write memory capable of 35ns access times . As a high-speed scratch-pad memory, it provides:
· DTL/TTL compatibility · Fu 11 decoding to 16 words by 4 bits per word · Uses single 5 volt power supply · Open collector output for "Wired-Or"
expansion · 16 pin dual in-line package · 0° to + 75°C, $25.60 * · - 55° to + 125°C, $32.00 * · 100 to 999 unit price
NEW WIDE-BAND, HIGH-IMPEDANCE OP AMP
Harris' new RA-2620 and RA-2625 Wide Band Op Amps have gain bandwidths which are an order of magnitude better than standard op amps on the market today . In addition , they provide :
· Input impedance of 500Megohms · Slew rate of 35 V/us · Typical bias and offset currents of 2nA · Ideal for high-input impedance comparators · RA-2620 ... - 55° to + 125°C, $17.85 * · RA-2625 . . . 0° to +75°C, $10.70 * · 100 to 999 unit price

And in addition to our recently introduced PROM and 8-bit D/A Converter, watch for these new products soon to be announced:

MEMORIES
256 x 1 PROM 1024 BIPOLAR ROM 16 BIT BIPOLAR RAM 2560 MOS ROM

DIGITAL
9300 STORAGE REGISTER 9301 1/10 DECODER 9304 DUAL ADDER 9309 DUAL 4 INPUT MPX 9312 SINGLE 8 INPUT MPX 9316 HEX COUNTER

LINEAR
6-BIT CURRENT SOURCE
MONOLITHIC LADDER NETWORKS

If aHnAsRwReISrs
DON'T ......
HANG UP!

El/ HARRIS SEMICONDUCTOR
A DIVISION OF HARRIS - INTERTYPE CORPORATION
Norwal k, Connecticut 1203) 853-3646 Lexington, Massachusetts 1617) 862-1055 / Frederick, Maryland 1301) 662-5400 / Oakl awn, Illinois 131 2) 423-6010 / Albuquerqu e, New Mexico 1505) 268-3549 /Palo Alto, Californ ia 1415) 321 -2280 Dallas, Texas 1214) 231-9031 / Long Beach, Cali fo rnia 1213) 426-7687 / P. 0. Box 37, Melbourne. Florida 32901 1305) 727 -5430 / EXPORT SAlfS. OAGE CORPORATION. STAMFORD. CONNECTICUT

RADIATION MICROHfCTRONICS HAS CHANG[O ITS NAM[ TO HARRIS SfMICONOUCTOR

INFORMATION RETRIEVAL NUMBER 23

ELECTRON IC DESIGN 20, September 27, 1970

35

Technology Abroad
A superconductor passing high de or ac currents at a temperature approaching absolute zero has been developed by engineers of the Moscow Institute of Ferrous Metallurgy. The new material is a combination of several metals and alloys pressed into a monolithic system. Each square centimeter can conduct up to 100,000 A. Superconductors of this type have already been tested in certain Cosmos earth satellites. and Soviet scientists say they believe they'll soon be making superconductors that can be used at room temperatu re.
The successful use of pulsecode modulation (PCM) on cables up to 25 mi les between telephone exchanges has the British Post Office seeking to apply digital transmission on a wider scale. Under plans to provide for trunk traffic that doubles every seven years, the post office has commissioned GEC-AEI and Plessey Telecommunications Research to carry out studies for a digital transmission system with an information rate of about 120 megabits per second. This study will cover transmission, multiplexing equ ipment and analog-to-digital converters for services including voice channels derived from the basic PCM multiplexes, color TV, Viewphone, and data transmission. These field studies are intended to pave the way for digital transmission systems to be linke<l into long-distance networks at the end of this decade.
A new fiber-optics fabrication techn ique for producing cascade image-intensifier lenses is in production at a new $24-million Mullard plant at Mitcham, Surrey, England. Glass billets are first drawn to a 4-mm-diameter fiber,' through a borosilicate glass tube. The fibers emerge from the drawing system with a rectangular chamfer cut into one side. They are then cut into lengths and stacked 14 x 14 with the chamfers
36

facing each other, thus forming rectangles. Opaque glass rods are then inserted into the vacancies. The fibers are repeatedly stacked and redrawn, then placed in an evacuated glass envelope and hotpressed at pressures up to 10,000 psi. The resulting block-containing hundreds of thousands of clear fibers bounded by opaque glass-is cut transversely and pr~pared for phosphor coating.

Finnish Railways recently in-
augurated its largest control system for rail routing at Riihimaeki, 43 miles north of Helsinki. The station's entire passenger traffic, plus a large portion of its freight movements, are controlled by a pushbutton system manufactured by Siemens of Germany. The station track layout is displayed on two independent luminous track diagram panels. The system can set up more than 100 direct train routes and more than 200 shunting routes.

ANY voltage from 2 .0 to 16 .0 at the industry's LOWEST PRICES!

Quantity

Price each

1-99 100-499 500-999

$1.07 .97 .91

1000-4999

.86

Powerless illumin1ation for instrument and control panels was displayed recently at Britain's Farnborough Air Show. The system, devised by Saunders-Roe Developments Ltd., uses small, sealed glass tubes coated internally with a phosphor and filled with tritium gas. Tritium, a radioactive isotope of hydrogen, emits low-energy beta particles that strike the phosphor and produce light. The tubes-called Betalights-are inserted in a 3/ 8-inchthick panel.
A fail-safe assembly method suitable for hand-assembled equipment with a number of variables has been developed by Sodeco, a Geneva, Switzerland, manufacturer of electronic counters. The assembler's job is simplified by the use of a punched-card control unit that activates signal lamps situated on component trays. The assembly sequence is dictated by the lamps so that the operator does not have to re ly on memory or refer to charts. Up to 60 different component containers can be housed on the assemb ler's Ushaped workbench, and a special punched card is produced for each version of the product.

5000 up

.82

THE HI-RELIABLE I
No fragile nail heads . Silicon junction aligned between two, parallel , offset tantalum heat sinks . .. great lead tension strength . All welded and brazed assembly. High pressure molded package. Gold plated nickel-clad copper leads. Write or phone for Form 68-4 for complete rating data and other tolerance prices .
Semiconductor Division
SCHAUER
MANUFACTURING CORP. 4511 Alpine Avenue
Cincinnati, 0. 45242 Ph. (513) 791 -3030

INFORMATION RETRIEVAL NUMBER 2 4
ELECTRONIC D ESIGN 20, September 27 , 1970

F-15 arms money may be diverted for electronics
The Air Force has canceled plans to develop the Aim-32A fighter missile and reportedly plans to use a Navy missile, the Agile, in its place on the McDonnell Douglas jet. According to Air Force estimates, cancellation of the Aim-32A would save approximately $200-million in R&D funds during the early 1970s. It may be possible, Air Force sources say, to shift these funds to the development of the radar and electronic systems of the F-15. Under the sliding-scale development plan for the F-15, several electronic packages of varying sophistication and cost could be used in the new fighter. A key element in the F-15's electronic package is a multi-mode search and track radar that can shift operating frequency constantly.

More layoffs in aerospace industry
The grim employment picture in the aerospace industry has been darkened further as a result of NASA's decision to cut two moon landings from the Apollo program. NASA estimates the move will cut 700 employees from its own payroll and 18,000 over the next two years from that of its contractors. As the program stands now, there will be four more moon landings and then the launching of the Skylab orbital workshop in November, 1972. Besides the three Skylab missions, running through 1973, there will be little or no activity in manned space flight for at least three to five years until the space shuttle flies. About the only bright note in NASA's cutback in Apollo flights was the announcement that McDonnell Douglas would receive $97.1-million more to cover the cost of storage and testing Saturn V boosters and maintenance of ground~upport equipment.

SST battle delaying transportation budget
Controversy over whether to continue or scrap the nation's SST program has held up Senate consideration of the Dept. of Transportation's $6.65-billion budget request until now. At press time, a vote on the Senate floor was scheduled for Sept. 28. The request was stalled in Appropriations Committee because $294-million of the proposed budget is for continuing work on the supersonic transport and neither the pro nor the con forces on the SST issue was sure that they had sufficient strength to survive a showdown. Therefore each side was reluctant to send the budget bill to the Senate floor for a vote.
Should the Senate defeat the bid for SST funds, there is little likelihood that the House would be able to muster sufficient strength to force the Senate to reconsider. Opposition to the SST is now centering on its possible damage to the ecology and on "national priorities." In an election year "national priorities" is a key word to office-seekers. Ironically the two key backers of the SST-Senators Warren Magnuson and Henry

ELECTRONIC DESIGN 20, September 27, 1970

37

Washington ReoorlcoNTINUED
Jackson from the state of Washington-are finding their report somewhat of a political albatross.
Jackson is an avowed conservationist and Magnuson has been in the forefront of consumer protection legislation for years.
The Federal Aviation Administration, meanwhile, says that should the money bill fail to win approval, work on the SST will continue anywaythough at a reduced rate-because there are still some unobligated funds around. Presumably the FAA would wait for a more auspicious time to submit a new request for SST funds.

Ex-Collins executive nominated for U. S. post
Dr. George F. Mansur, formerly director of the Space Systems Div. at Collins Radio, has been nominated by the President for the job of deputy director of the Office of Telecommunications Policy. He has been serving as a consultant to the federal offices. While with Collins he directed the company's work on the Apollo program for NASA and worked on the Terrier ship-to-air missile program, advanced proximity fusing and the Polaris navigational system. He has also served as director of the Navy's high-capacity data communications network.

AT& T asks for a sixth Atlantic cable
The American Telephone and Telegraph Co. has asked the Federal Communications Commission for authority to build a sixth trans-Atlantic cable, citing a pressing need for 825 voice-grade circuits. In applying for the authority, AT&T asked the FCC not to await the outcome of its current inquiry into the future of international communications. Unless a cable is built, the communications company said, there will be an imbalance between satellite and terrestrial communications. The request is expected to evoke protest from the Communications Satellite Corp. In its filing AT&T said it would like the $86-million cable to be in operation by 1972. Otherwise, it said, the ratio of circuits by then will be 71 7a satellite and 29 % cable. The cable would run from Rhode Island to France, where it would connect via ground facilities with Germany and via satellite with the Indian Ocean area.

Capital Capsules: Neither industry nor NASA sources look for sweeping changes
in contractural procedures, despite the re-awarding of a $50-million satellite contract to Fairchild-Hiller after it had been awarded to General Electric. . . . Sen. Mike Gravel (D-Alaska) reports that at least two Federal Communication Commission members say they favor a further review of commission action that set satellite ground-station application fees at a blanket $50,000. Chairman Dean Burch is reported to favor some provision for small receive-only ground stations, such as might b used in Alaska.... NASA expects to hire some 75 Government and contractor personnel in a new Earth Resources Program activity at its Mississippi test facility in Hancock County. Employment is expected to hit 185 in three years in such fields as physics, instrumentation engineering, data-handling and cartography. Data will be fed from Earth Resources Technology satellites and the manned orbiting Skylab, both scheduled for launching in 1972.

38

ELECTRONIC DESIGN 20, September 27, 1970

Introducing the thin-film thermistor you would've designed if you designed thin-film thermistors.

First, off, you'd probably design a thin-film thermistor as small as possible. That's how we designed ours. Smaller than anything else on the market.

Secondly, you'd make it very, very stable. We did. And we did it by sealing it in glass. Nobody else does this.

Thirdly, you'd give it a faster response time. Of course you would. With today's increased reaction rates, you need as short a response time as possible. It's certainly one of the features of our thermistor.

And lastly, like us, you'd cut the price by 403. The heck you would. You'd probably charge a fortune for a thermistor this good. And get away with it too. Well

three out of four isn't bad.

If you'd like further information on the

thin-film thermistor designed your way,

write us. Ceramic Magnetics, Inc.

Micromag Division, 87 Fairfield Road,

Fairfield, New Jersey 07006.

~ _

CeramicMagnetics"

INFORMATION RETRIEVAL NUMBER 25
E L ECTRON IC D ES IGN 20, Se pte mbe r 27, 1970

SIDELIGHTS
The evolution of a cover picture
When Art Director Cliff Gardiner sat down with Milt Lowenstein, technical editor, to discuss the cover picture for Milt's article on generating functions from discrete data (p. 42) all they had to start with was a diagram of a three-dimensional surface. They had no idea that the end result would involve the enthusiastic help of people from several parts of New York City.
In the first place, Cliff decided to construct a model of the drawing-in wood because he likes to work in that medium. He decided to use 1/ 4-inch-diameter 9-inch dowels-324 of them-to be inserted at the proper depth in a wood panel. He bought the dowels at a hardware store. Passing a cabinetmaker's shop, he stopped in, and the owner not only sold him the proper wood for the panel-a fine grain of plywood-but spent an hour teaching him tricks of the trade.
Cliff's next stop was at a Czech cabinetmaker's, where he rented power tools to drill holes for his dowels. And then the dowels wouldn't go in the panel! So he picked out a third cabinetmaker at random from the Yellow Pages of the Manhattan phone book, and asked for some advice. During the discussion, it came out that Cliff was young. The cabinetmaker then invited him down to use a drill, free of charge ... "It's so nice to have a young person seek advice."
The model was now complete, and it proved the fallacy of "cold" New Yorkers: give a man a problem and he can get it done-if he just asks questions.
Model of a three-dimensional surface, devised by Art Director Cliff Gardiner to illustrate Milt Lowenstein's cover article.
39

Design breakthrough in FM·IF systems: tvvo nevv RCA IC's for more perfor111ance,Vlith feVler components

Two new RCA Linear IC's now offer you a brand new approach to FM-IF system economy and performance. The CA3076 (high-gain IF amplifier/limiter) and the CA3075 (IF amplifier, limiter, FM detector, and audio preamplifier) have been designed to bring you an IF system with dramatic reductions in external components.And-to make the total economics of your system attractive-RCA has priced the CA3076 at $1.60 (1 ,000-unit level) and the CA3075 at $1.40 (1,000-unit level).
For your applications in communications receivers and high-fidelity equip-

ment, with FM IF's requiring bandwidths to 20 MHz, here are some highlights on these two new RCA types :
The CA3076 has an input limiting voltage (knee) of 50 µ. V (typ.) and 80 dB (typ.) gain with 2-kilohm load at10.7MHz. It contains an integral voltage regulator, for operation at power supply voltages from 6 V to 15 V.
The CA3075 limits with an input voltage of 250 µ. V (typ.) at 10.7 MHz. It has low harmonic distortion and excellent AM rejection-55 dB (typ.) at 10.7 MHz. Differential peak detection permits single-

coil tuning. The CA3075 incorporates an audio preamplifier with 21 dB (typ.) voltage gain, and an integral voltage regulator, for operation at power supply voltages from 8.5 V to 12.5 V.
For further information, see your local RCA Representative or your RCA Distributor, or write: RCA. Commercial Engineering, Section 571-27/CA42, Harrison, N.J. 07029. International: RCA, 2-4 rue du Lievre, 1227 Geneva, Switzerland, or P.O. Box 112, Hong Kong.

All components required for a typical IF strip are shown in this illustration.

10.7 MHz
15 µ.V input for limiting

CRYSTAL FILTER

2 volts audio
output (R, = 12 kf!)

CA3076 IF ampl/limiter
Voltage gain: .. ..... .. . 80 dB (typ.) with 2kn load Input limiting voltage: . . 50 µ.V (typ.) Freq. capability: ... . ... Up to 20 MHz Package: . .. . . ..... .. .8-lead T0-5 Price: ....... . .. . . ... .$1.60 (1000-unit level)

CA3075 IF ampl/limiter, peak detector, and audio preamp
Voltage gain (audio preamp) : .... .. ... . . . .. . . 21 dB (typ.) Input limiting voltage: .............. .. . . ... . 250 µ.V (typ.) Freq. capability: .. .. . ........ . ..... . ... . .. . Up to 20 MHz Package: . ........... . ... . ...... . ....... . . 14-lead DIP (formed leads) Price: .... . ... .. . . ... . ..... . . . .. . .. . ... . .. $1.40 (1000-unit level)

RCll
Integrated Circuits

Publisher
Hugh R. Roome
Editors
New York Office 850 Third Ave. New York, N.Y., 10022 (212) 751-5530
Editor: Frank Egan Managing Editor: Ralph Dobriner Managing Editor: Raymond D. Speer Microelectronics, Steven A. Erenburg Computers, Milton J. Lowenstein Microwaves, Michael J. Riezenman Management, Richard L. Turmail News, John N. Kessler Military-Aerospace, John F. Mason New Products, Roger Allan New Products, Lucinda Mattera Copy, Marion Allen
Field Offices
Massachusetts Jim McDermott P.O. Box 272 Easthampton, Mass. 01027 (413) 527-3632
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Washington Don Byrne 1425 N St. NW Washington, D.C. 20005 (202) 667-6568
Editorial Production
Dollie S. Viebig Richard D. Grissom
Art
Art Director, Clifford M. Gari:flner. Assistant, William Kelly Rita Jendrzejewskl JoJo Miskimmon
Production
Manager, Thomas V. Sedita Helen De Polo Kathleen Mcconkey Leslie Stein
Circulation
Manager, Nancy L. Merritt
Information Retrieval
Peggy Long
.... INFORMATION RETRIEVAL NUMBER 26

EDITORIAL
Let's tighten up those sloppy buying practices
We had a friend once whose wife's buying habits were just short of unbelievable. She was constantly buying things that she either couldn't use or that were far better than she actually needed.
Plastic dishes that melted in the dishwasher, a 9-by-12-foot carpet for a 9-by-10-foot room, and an industrial-grade floor buffer for polishing one tiny floor every few weeks-these were only some examples of her purchasing prowess.
Before laughing too hard at the poor girl's misdeeds, though, we would do well to evaluate objectively our own buying patterns -both at home and on the job. The results of such honest selfevaluation might be surprising to many engineers who consider themselves both practical and logical when it comes to buying things.
These engineers, we'd bet, are extremely careful when buying a lawn mower or a car, or having a new roof installed on their house. For example, they wouldn't buy a riding type of mower if their lawn was extremely small. And they'd make sure they spoke to at least three or four dealers before buying a new car. But these careful practices fall by the wayside when purchasing and specifying on the job.
At work, these same engineers will buy a deluxe · instrument that has far greater accuracy or stability than is needed. Or they will specify a particular manufacturer's op amp or connector without really checking on whether a cheaper equivalent is available. In most cases they then rationalize these decisions on the basis of "future" requirements, or "safety" factor, or "reliability."
What it amounts to frequently though, is that these engineers are not as careful at spending the company's money as they are at spending their own.
"So what?" they may say. "Is someone any less a designer just because he doesn't wring the last bit of cost savings out of his designs?" We think he is. Designing something that works i11 only part of his job. The designer's full worth depends also on the economic feasibility of making and selling the item.
FRANK EGAN
41

COVER FEATURE

Generate functions from discrete data.
Read-only memories and averaging interpolation techniques combine high accuracy and low cost.

Arbitrary functions of one or two variables are frequently :fequired in many types of electronic equipment. Several techniques for their generation have been proposed, but the problems of accuracy and complexity have never been satisfactorily solved.1-1 Here is a method that uses a read-only memory (ROM) to store discrete values of the function and time-averaging interpolation to construct straightline segments between the data points.
Hardware requirements for quite complicated functions are not large. For example, an 8-bit 16-by-16 segment, two-variable function generator requires only 10 digital ICs and one ROM. If analog output is desired, five ICs must be replaced by a digital-to-analog converter. In contrast, a similar device, using conventional interpolation , must perform four additions, eight subtractions, three multiplications and two divis{ons, and it also requires the ROM.
The ROM time-averaging function generators offer excellent repeatability and high operating speed. With a clock frequency of 1 MHz, a new output can be calculated every 16 µ,s.
Functions of one or two independent variables can be handled. Functions of a single variable, of course, require smaller memories because there are fewer data points. Let's take a look at the analytic technique.

Single-variable algebra is simple

In the arbitrary function Z = F(X) (Fig. 1),

Z; and Z; , , are the values of the function at X ;

and X; +,. A value of Z at any point between Z;

and Z, +1 can be approximated, of course, by con-

ventional interpolation. Thus,

Z = Zi + ..lX (Zi +, - Zi) I (X i+ 1 - X i)

( 1)

where (Z ; + 1 - Z;) / (X ; +1 - X ;) is the slope of the approximated function and X - X ; = t.X.

But instead of conventional interpolation, Z; +1

can be time-averaged for a fraction of a period

Hermann Schmid and David Busch, Avionics Control Dept., General Electric Co., Binghamton, N. Y.
42

ti.tx/T and Z; for the remainder of the period,

ti.tx/ T (Fig. 1). The output of this averaging cir-

cuit is:

= Z Z; (ti.tx/T) + Z ;~ 1 (ti.tx/ T)

(2)

where ~txlT = (X - X ;) / (X ;.. , - X ;) and

ti.tx/T = (X ; + , - X) / (X ;+ 1 - X ;). Eq. 1 and Eq. 2 are the same as shown by

making appropriate substitutions.

Two-variable algebra is more general
Functions of two variables are expressed as Z = f (X,Y) and can be plotted as in three dimensions (Fig. 2) with X and Y as the independent variables and Z as the dependent variable.
To generate a function of two variables with linear segments, the X and Y coordinates are divided into m and n segments, respectively. Frequently m = n, and the (mn) sectors of the X-Y plane are squares.

Z;+1
z

-----STRAIGHT LINE APPROXIMATION
OF Z

Z;

fo-AX

VOLTS

X; X Xi+I

I II

t:") l.. ~...- - - - ..,

~1===J--j-

Z;

I

I

I

I

I

I

I -

I

i.--Atx ---,-Atx....,

-: - - T - - -I

~-~
T X;+i -X;
Atx.~ T X;+I -X;

1. The approximate output, Z, is obtained by time-aver· aging Z; and Z; + 1 for intervals that are proportional to ti.X and ti.X. The timing diagram (bottom) relates ti.X
and ..lX to utx and Mx·

EL ECTRONIC D ESIGN 20, September 27, 1970

z
y

[ fi=i2] .~ X- .-xv
Z=l----
J1-x2 1inC11-x2) Y+tan- 1

2. This three-dimensional surface is an approximation of the function of X and Y shown. The corner values of
z

each sector are stored in a ROM. Interpolation between these values is the basis of the function generator.

Z;s.z I

I Z1,5
I

I

I

r-ftz IZz.:s I

z2.21 I
I I

111

1 I

;

I I 11 I

I

I I
I I

,1,1

I I

I I II

I

I I

1 I

II 11

I I

x11 11

I

I I '1 I I

I I
x,,. /;--./-}-,I
L-~X-.l}" - ----...J--.,

.11,11-

I I "1

JI __JJ,

/

I
-1I

AX

/

,, /

/

/

/

....,.l'-__________~_A_Y_.,__"A_/ _t-_"_/ _____________ y

/

/

/

Y2 Y Y;s

The lines partitioning the X-Y plane in Fig. 3 are the segments X,, X2... Xmand Y1, Y ... Y · Their intersections are the corners of the2sector1s1 and are identified as X ;, Yj. At each intersection there is one value of the function, Z;j , that must be known. A minimum of (m + 1) (n + 1) values of Z;i is needed to define f(X,Y) if there are mn sectors. The problem of generating f (X, Y) is bthetawt eoefnsftohreimng. the values Z; i and of interpolating
Consider the portion of the function located between X2- Xa and Y2- Ya, as shown in Fig. 3. The four values of Z at the corners of this sector define a block with a square cross section. The height of this block at each of the four corners is Z22, Z2a, Za2 and Za3, and the shape assumed for athpeprotoxpimsautrifoanc.e determines the precision of the

3. A single sector of the surface of Fig. 2 is drawn to show the relationships between the independent variables sXtoarendd inY tahnedRtOhMe . dependent variable Z, whose value is
ELECTRONIC D ESIGN 20, September 27, 1970

The simplest approach assumes that the top surface is a flat plane (Fig. 4a). But this may give a poor fit because the four corners are not necessarily coplanar. Nevertheless, there · are cases where the simple flat plane approximation is used. In these cases the function Z, for values

/

/

/

I
i

,,;;-/-/ ---71 '

J- - - -, (._ - - - - - - -

/

/

z~( ,

: Zz,3

/

' _..

_J,...,. L - - - - - - L_..,..._ ... _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

--
/

- { .-..?I ...-/1 I

of X and Y lying between X2-Y3 and Y2- Y3, is based on only three of the four corners. Thus,

z = z22

+ Z"3- Zoo (Y -
Ya- Y2

Y 2)

+

Z33- Z"a (X Xs- X2

X2)

(3)

A more precise approximation assumes the shape of the sector to be a warped plane that is so twisted that its corners intersect Zn , Z,,., Z3" and Z"3 of the original function. The sides remain straight lines (Fig. 4b).
The location of an arbitrary point Z on this w&.rped plane can be established only if intermE!diate points such as Z 2Y and Z aY are determined first. The value of Z can then be calculated as in the single-variable function generator, but it results in an equation that requires a complex and expensive piece of equipment.
Both the fl.at and warped plane assumptions lead to difficulties-inaccuracy or complex hardware, respectively.

Averaging saves the day
The averaging approximation assumes the shape of the surface to be two triangular fl.at planes (Fig. 4c). The upper one is bounded by Z""' Z:'"' Z3a, and the lower by Z"2' Z"s' and Z:i:i· The value of the function can be calculated just as in the single flat-plane approach, using Eq. 3. The upper flat plane is used in the calculation if
~x <~Y; the lower fl.at plane is used if < ~Y ~X.

)L

~

_L_

~-

I
j

/
/
// / / /

/
,,,,,

t // /

I

/

I

I

,

I

I

/

I

I ,

(

1Zz,3 J'

,/ -------- I

: /,:

/

I

I /

I

f-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - T - --I"

Zz~

I

4. Several approximations to a curved surface are possible. A single flat plane (a) can intersect the curve at only three points and is a poor fit. A warped plane (b) is a better fit, as are two triangular flat planes (c). The latter method is used because the circuitry is simple.
44

1-.....- - - ' - - - - t . t y -----i1...1'iy
G) z'-3
z3.2
z~r----:::::::::~----;5. The timing diagram of the averaging circuit uses only three of the possible four corner values of Z ;i· Each value is allowed to exist for an interval related to ~X or ~Y. This averaging method produces the same result as if Eq. 3 were implemented for each of the two flat planes.
EL ECTRONIC D ESIGN 20, September 27, 1970

PARALLEL BINARY INPUT Xp

X;
~

6X
~ Q -0 Q'

MSB
4-BIT ADDRESS ADDER
SN74B3

LSB

Jl CARRY
J OUTPUT

4-BIT INCREMENTAL ADDER
SN 7483

Cx

2!56-BIT ROM SN7488

Co

l

4- BIT COUNTER SN 7493

le

Z; B-BITS
8-BlT d/a

l LOW PASS J FILTER

-CVour

6. A single-variable function generator can be built with only five flat-pack ICs and a low-pass filter. The 256-bit ROM has twice the capacity required of this 16-point, 8 -bit function generator.

COUNTER OUTPUT
Co

123456789IOll12131415012

~XCo 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 IB 19 20 2122 2324 25 26 II 12 13
FOR6X·ll

CARRY OUTPUT 0 0 0 0 0 I I I I I I I I I I I 0 0 0
Cx

X; ADDER OUTPUT
ROM OUTPUT

X; --e-i-----X;+1 - - - - - x ;
Z; - - e - + - - - - Z ; + 1 - - - - - Z;

VOLTAGE
OUTPUT OF d/a
CONVERTER

- - - - - - - - - - Z;+1

Z;

Aix

6tx

- - - - T · 16 CLOCK PERIOOS (16 ,._s FOR IMHz CLOCK FREQ)

7. The counter output C0 is added to the X increment to determine the carry output C, . If ~X is 11, the carry becomes 1 for all counter values between 5 and 15. The
carry is 0 for counter values between 0 and 4. Z; is the
input to the circuit for C, =0, and Z1+ 1 for C, =l.

ELECTRONIC DESIGN 20, September 27, 1970

The corner values Z22, Z2a, Za3, or Z22, Z32, Z33 are averaged for appropriate intervals. These intervals, fractions of the x and y pulse repetition periods T (Fig. 5), are designated b.tx and b.ty. They represent the increments b.X and .6Y. The diagram in Fig. 5c shows which corner value is used as the averaging circuit input and for how long : Z33 is fed in when both b.X and b.Y are HIGH; Z23 is fed in from the instant b.X goes LOW to the instant .6Y goes LOW; and Z22 is the input for the rest of the period T. This can be expressed analytically as follows :
Let b.tx/T = b.X/ (X3- X2) = b.X/ (Ya- Y2) b.ty/T = b.Y/ (Xa- X22 = b.Y/ (Ya- Y2) T =bot, + b.tx = b.ty + b.ty.
The average value of the function is:
ZAv = [Z33b.tx + z23 (b.ty - b.tx) + Z22b.4] / T
= [Z22 (T - b.ty) +Z2ab.4+Za3b.tx-Z2ab.tx] / T or:
Z,\V= [Z22T + (Z2a -Z22 )b.ty + (Zaa-Z2a )b.t,] / T
(4)
Equation 4 is just another form of Eq. 3 in which T replaces X3 -X2 or Y3 - Y2, b.ty replaces Y - Y2 and b.tx replaces X-Y2. Thus the averaging method produces the same result as if Eq. 3 were implemented for each of the two flat planes.
Translate theory to hardware
In a single-variable function generator, a signal representing the values Z1 and Z1 + 1 must be iiltored and alternately fed into the averaging circuit. The fraction of the total period over which each is averaged is a function of the input' X (Fig. 1).
The input signal X" in Fig. 6 is an 8-bit parallel-binary signal-the independent variable X in the function Z = f (X). The four most significant bits of Xp represent 16 fixed values of X". They address 16 values of Z1 stored in the ROM. The four least-significant bits of X" identify the increment b.X=X- X; to a resolution of one in 16.
The averaging circuit may be analog or digital, depending on the type of output signal desired. As an example this single-variable function generator uses an analog averaging circuit.
The diagram in Fig. 6 shows the interconnection of the parts of a single-variable function generator. The 4-bit binary counter is pulsed at the clock frequency f c. Its instantaneous output C0 is stepped from 0 to 15 and is added to the value of b.X, which lies between 0 and 15. The carry output of the b.X adder C, is a ONE, whenever the sum of the C0 and b.X is larger than 15. The length of time during which C, is ONE is a direct function of b.X.
Figure 7 shows that when b.X=ll (decimal), C, is a ONE for exactly 11 clock pulses. The carry output from the b.X adder is connected to the
45

carry input of the X ; adder. If C, is ZERO the output of the adder is X ;. If, however, C, is a ONE the output is X ;+ ,.
Thus t he ROM is addressed with X ; if C,=0, and with X ; + , if C,= l. The output of the ROM is Z;+for C,=0 and Z;+ 1 for C,=l. Figure 7 illustrates that for t.X= ll, the output of the ROM is Z;+ , for 11 clock-periods and Z; for five. If ~X is constant this pattern repeats every 16 clock periods. With fc=l MHz, the repetition period T is approximately 60 kHz.
The d/ a converts the digital outputs, Z; and Z; + 1, into two voltages, V ; and V ;+ ,. A low-pass filter averages this 60-kHz rectangular wave so that the resulting de voltage, VoL"r, represents the desired value. A repetition frequency of 60 kHz and a two-stage RC filter with break frequencies around 1 kHz provide a reasonably smooth output and a relatively high bandwidth (1 kHz).
The accuracy of such a function generator is dependent on several factors: The shape of the . function and the number of segments determine how well the function is approximated, the resolutions of t.X and Z; determine how closely the input and output can be defined and, finally the accuracy of the output voltage is determined by the precision of the d/ a converter.
Two-variable generator has digita l output
The two-variable function generator makes use of the same principles as the single variable function generator. The values of the function at the corners of each sector are stored in the ROM. However, a much larger memory is required since there are two independent variables. If 16 values (four bits) of each independent variable are needed, the memory must store 256 values of the function (Fig. 8).
This function generator accepts two parallel, 8 bit, input words XPand Y". The four most significant bits (MSB) of each address the ROM. The four least significant bits (LSB) provide the X and Y incremental values.
The interpolation between the corner values is carried out in a manner quite similar to the single-variable function with the added complication of the third dimension. An address and an incremental adder must be provided for each of the input variables. The carry output signals from the t.X and t.Y incremental adders feed the inputs of the X; and Yi address adders. When both carries are zero, the outputs are X ; and Yi. When the both carries are one, the outputs are X ;+ , and Y i +,. When the 6.X carry is zero and the .c\Y carry is one, the output is X ; and Y i+ ,. Finally, when the ~x is one and the 6.Y is zero, the output is X ;+ , and Yi.
A timing diagram of two-variable function
46

4-BIT ADDRESS
ADDER SN 7483

4-BIT INCREMENTAL
ADDER SN 7483

4-81T ADDRESS
ADDER SN 7483

4-BIT
INCREMENTAL ADDER SN 7483

256 · 8 ·2048-BIT MOS ROM
RESET
4-BIT COUNTER SN 7493

4-BIT COUNTER
SN 7493 fc
lo
12·BIT ACCUMULATOR

MS8 12 - BIT PARALLEL-BtlARY OUTPUT

STROBE

8. The block diagram of an all-digital, two-variable function generator shows only 11 flat -pack ICs. The output of this circuit is in a 12-bit digital format.

COUNTER
OUTPUT 0 I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 IO II 12 13 14 15 0 I 2
Co

SUM (Cg +AX) 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 14 15 16 FOR AX·l4
CARRY OUTPUT 0 0 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 0 0 I
Cx
SUM (Cg +AY) 6 7 8 9 10 II 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 6 7 8 FOR AY·6
CARRY OUTPUT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 I I I I 0 0 0
Cy

~
~ADDER OUTPUT OURTOPMUT

f - X; - - - - - - - X ; +1 -----~ X;
yj - - - - - -·yj+I - - - y1. Z;,j f---z;+i,j - - - -

OUTPUT
OF
AVERAGING CIRCUIT

- - - - - - - Alx - - - - - - -

-----Aly

A ly

- - - - - T · 16 CLOCK PERIODS--- -

9. The timing diagram for the two-variable function generator shows how the X and Y increments determine the intervals in which the ROM outputs are fed to the accumulator. Compare this diagram to Fig. 7 to see how the one-variable case is generalized for two variables .

ELECTRONIC D ESIGN 20, September 27, 1970

generator is shown in Fig. 9. When X ;,Yi are the adder outputs, the ROM responds with Zi,i· When X ; + 1,Yi are the outputs, the ROM output is Z;+ 1. i· etc. The carry outputs from the incremental adders determine when the X and Y address values switch to the next higher level.
Note that the ROM sequence can be either Z1,j to Z; + i,i to Z; +l,J +i or Z1,J to Z;,j +i to Z; +1,i +1· The first sequence occurs if the approximation follows the upper fiat plane and the second if it follows the lower fiat plane of Fig. 4c.
Since a digital output is desired, no d/ a converter is needed. Instead, there is a digital averaging circuit (Fig. 8) consisting of a 12-bit ac-, cumulator using 4-bit adders, two 4-bit latches, and one 4-bit counter. The latch outputs are one set of the inputs to the adders. The eight outputs from the ROM constitute the other set of adder inputs.
At the beginning of each repetition period, T, the accumulator is reset to 0. Thereafter, the output of the ROM, Z;i, is added into the accumula-
tor, once during each clock period tcL increasing
the content of the accumulator, in steps as a function of time :
16
Z(t) = L
K= l
At the 16th clock period the output of the accumulator is:
Z(t16 ) = aZ; ,j + bZ c;+1,n + cZ c; +i.i+ ll where
a, b and c are the number of clock pulses during which Z;j, Zc; +i,j) and Z(i +i,i> are available at the output of the ROM.
The carry output C8 from the eighth accumulator stage generates a pulse whenever the 8-bit accumulator overflows. This pulse frequency determines a rate that is converted into parallel-· binary form by the 4-bit counter. Figure 8 shows that the output of the function generator is the 12-bit parallel binary output signal of the accumulator. Since the accumulator output data is useful only during t rn, gating circuits must be provided if the r·eceiving circiut does not have the gating capability.
When f c= l MHz, the function generator provides an output every 16 µs; the maximum bandwidth is approximately 30 kHz because there are two outputs for every cycle of the input signal.
Number of bits determines accuracy
The digital-function generator repeats precisely because the data is always handled identically. However, the accuracy with which the output approximates the desired function is dependent on the number of bits in X ; and Yi. More bits increase the number of sectors and improve both accuracy and resolution.
ELECTRONIC D ESIGN 20, September 27, 1970

There is an interesting trade-off between the number of bits in X ;,Yi and t..X, t..Y. When the function to be generated is smooth, the number of segments can be small without reducing the accuracy significantly. Hence, fewer X ;, Yi bits and less memory are needed. However, to attain the same input resolution, a larger number of bits must be carried in t..X and t..Y, thus increasing the size of the interpolation circuit and the time required for interpolating.
For example, if there are only three bits for X ; and Yi and five bits for t..X and t..Y, 5-bit interpolation must be used and the repetition period T is increased to 32 clock periods. The number of adder stages is unchanged, but the memory size decreases by a factor of four, from 256-by-8 = 2048 bits to 64-by-8 = 512 bits.
Normally, this is very desirable. Unfortunately, most functions are not smooth enough, so that high accuracy with fiat plane approximation to the function can be obtained only with a large number of segments. · ·
References
1. Galli, E. J., "How Diodes Generate Functions,'' Control Engineering, March, 1959, pp. 109-113.
2. Ritchie, C. C., "The Design of Biased Diode Function Generators," Electronic E ngineering, June, 1959, pp. 347351.
3. Miura, T., "A New Diode Function Generator," IRE Transactions on Electronic Computers, June, 1957, pp. 95-100.
4. Schmid, H ., "Linear Segment Function Generator," IRE Transactions on Electronic Computers, Dec., 1962, pp. 780-788.
5. Schmid, H., "Linear Segment Hybrid Function Generators," Proceedin gs of the Combined Analog Digital Computer System Symposium, Dec., 16, 1960.
6. Kubinec, J. J., "MOS Analog Function Generator,'' MOS Brief 3, National Semiconductor Corp., Santa Clara, Calif., Nov., 1968.
7. Ross, C., "Trig Function Generator," MOS Brief 10, National Semiconductor Corp., Santa Clara, Calif., Jan., 1970.
Test your retention H ere are questions based on the main
points of this article. Th eir purpose is to help you make sure you have not overlooked any important ideas. You'll find the answers in the article.
1. How many bits of memory are required for generating functio ns of two variables ?
2. Why is a single flat plane a poor approximation for a surface?
3. How are the clo ck frequency and the repetition frequency related?
4. What factors determine the accuracy of a digital function generator?
47

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theS
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48

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Even above 3GHz, TRW can help you . Our advanced technol ogy provides reliable RF power at all frequencies for amplifier/

For complete information about TRW RF power transistor capability, contact TRW Semiconductor Division , 14520 Aviation Blvd ., Lawndale, California 90260. Phone: (213) 679-4561 . TWX: 910-325-6206.

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INFORMATION RETRIEVAL NUMBER 81

ELECTRON IC D ESIGN 20, Se ptember 27 , 1970

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This new transistor family can also provide up to 50 watts of pulsed oscillator power to satisfy the source requirements for these avionics applications. All are packaged in the new HLP (Hermetic - Low Parasitic) package designed for easy use, optimum electrical and thermal characteristics .
For' complete information on

INFORMATION RETRIEVAL NUMBER 82
EL ECTRON IC D ESIGN 20, Septem ber 27 , 1970

this new TRW family of pulse transistors, contact any TRW distributor or TRW Semiconductor Division , 14520 Aviation Boulevard, Lawndale, California 90260. Phone: (213) 679-4561 , TWX: 910-325-6206 .
Ac tual Size
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49

Laser diodes need high-current drivers.
Here's how to use avalanche transistors and SCRs to get big current pulses at high repetition rates.

Now that good room-temperature laser diodes

are available, high-current switches are needed

to drive them. Typically, the diodes require 30

to 40-A drive pulses at about 3-V peak. And

pulse ·widths of 150 ns at repetition rates of 1

kHz are often needed.

Since high-current circuits have very low im-

pedances, they are extremely sensitive to para-

sitics-a fact that has Jed to the b.elief they are

hard to design. But actually, if the circuit layouts

are carefully planned to keep lead lengths short

and stray capacitances down, the design of a

high-current pulser becomes fairly straightfor-

ward.

Basically, there are two types of circuits that

can supply the required current: one uses an

avalanche transistor; the other, a silicon-con-

trolled rectifier (SCR).

The design of the avalanche-transistor circuit

(Fig. la) is best understood by studying the

transistor's collector characteristics (Fig. lb).

Voltage Vce is chosen about 15 V below break-

down voltage BV""" and R , is selected so that

R, > V"../I11

(1)

where I11 is the holding current of the transistor.

This ensures that the current supplied to the

transistor through R, will not cause the transis-

tor to go into avalanche before being triggered.

The value of RL determines the slope of the ac

load line. Capacitor C, charges up to Vee through

R 1.

When a positive trigger pulse is applied, the

transistor turns ON and C, discharges through

RL. (R,,, of course, would be replaced by a laser

diode in an actual application.) As the capacitor

discharges through the very low avalanche-mode

impedance, a large current is produced. The rise

time of the current pulse is determined by the

speed with which the transistor can switch be-

tween its low-current state and the avalanche

region. The pulse width is essentially determined

by the time constant of the discharge circuit-

R1.C,.

Raymond A. Hunt Sr., Application Engineer, Monsanto Co., 10131 Bubb Rd., Cupertino, Calif. 95014.
50

To obtain more current than is possible with a single transistor, several can be connected in parallel, as in the two-transistor example of Fig. 2. Each transistor has a provision for adjusting its collector voltage so that all of the collector voltages are identical. This is essential so that the transistors all drive the load and not each other.
The trigger circuitry is not very critical and need not be adjustable.
The circuit of Fig. 2 will deliver 30 A into a 1-!1 load with a pulse width of 20 ns.
Use SCRs for higher currents
For really high-current switching, an SCR circuit should be used. SCRs that can switch currents in excess of 100 A at voltages above 1000 V are available.
Forward biasing the gate of the SCR turns it ON. If the anode current is greater than the holding current, I 11, the SCR will latch in the 0 state. It is turned OFF by dropping the anode current below the holding-current level.
The operation of the basic SCR circuit (Fig. 3a) is very similar to that of the avalanche-transistor circuit discussed earlier. Again R, is chosen in accordance with Eq. 1 to keep the charging current below I 11 . Ve·· must be l.ess than the forward blocking voltage to keep the SCR OFF until a trigger pulse is applied.
In the OFF condition, the capacitor charges up to the applied voltage. When a positive trigger pulse is applied to the gate, the SCR turns ON and the capacitor discharges through Ri,. The rise time of the output pulse is determined by the SCR's turn-on time and the load resistance and capacitance in the discharge circuit. The pulse width is determined by the value of the RC time constant in the discharge path.
The maximum repetition rate of the circuit is about l / 4R ,Ci. At this frequency the capacitor
can charge to over 95 % of its final value after
each discharge. To increase the maximum repetition rate, a transistor can be added to the circuit (Fig. 3b).
Transistor Q" reduces the RC time constant by
EL ECTRONI C D ES IGN 20, September 27. 19 70

+Vee

RI

l

I TRIGGER IN6UT

Jc'

...u.

0

Cl RL8

de LOAD LINE

Vee /RI

ve.-

Vee

BVcea

1. The transistor is kept out of avalanche until a trigger
< signal is applied, by choosing Rl v cc ll tt (a) . IH, the
holding current , is the maximum .collector current that can be sustained without causing avalanche (b). BVcex is the collector-to-emitter breakdown voltage measured at a
current less than IH.

3. For very high currents an SCR circu it should be used
(a) . When the SCR is triggered, C1 discharges through the load resistor. In an actual application , R1, would , of course, be replaced by a laser diode. Great ly inc reased
speed is obta ined by adding t ransist or Q2 to the SCR circuit (b) . It raises the circuit's repetition rat e by pro-
cl vid ing a low-resist ance charging path tor when the
SCR is OFF.

Co 0 .47µ.F

LASER

100

DIODE

Hl CURREin:.MONITORING
RESISTOR

Cl 0 .022µ.F
LASER DIODE

2. Two transistors are better than one when high currents are needed. Note that the collector bias voltages must be made equal if the problems arising from parallel operat ion are to be avoided .

4 . 40-A pulses are produced at about a 50 -Hz rate by t his experimental circu it . The unij unction -transistor circuit on the left gen erates trigge r pulses for t he SCR dri ver ci rcu it on t he right.

supplying a low-resistance path through which t he capacitor can charge up to t he applied voltage. When the SCR, Q11 is triggered C, discharges, and the resulting voltage drop across the diode reverse-biases the base-to-emitter junction of Q2, leaving only R1 between t he SCR and t he power supply. Since R1 satisfies Eq. 1, the SCR shuts OFF when C1 has discharged.
At t his point, Q2 turns ON because there is no longer enough voltage across the diode to keep it OFF, and C1 can charge up very rapidly through th e 1-kn resistor and Q". Adding Q2 increases the maximum repetition rate of the circuit from 100 Hz to 10 kHz.
Testing the SCR circuit
The test circuit of Fig. 4 was constructed to test the operation of the SCR circuit. The circuitry to the left of D1 is a free-running oscillator used to provide trigger pulses to Q", the SCR.
ELECTRONIC DESIGN 20, September 27, 1970

The load in the discharge circuit consists of a 1-D resistor and a clipping diode in series wit h the laser diode. The clipping diode is used to reduce t he backswing on the pulse. The peak current is controlled by adjusting the supply voltage Vceo
If rectangular pulses are desired, a charged line can be used in place of the charging capacitor, C,. In this case the pulse width is determined by the length of the line.
The frequency of the oscillator circuit is given by
(2)
where 'Y/ is the intrinsic standoff ratio of the unijunction transistor, Q,.
When operated, this circuit produced current pulses at a rate of approximately 50 Hz. The pulses had a peak current of 40 A and a duration of about 180 ns. ··
51

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52

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ELECTRICAL

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50,000,000 counts-DC units; 15,000,000 counts-AC units; Testing still in progress.

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Figures : 6-digits, black on white.

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INFORMATION RETRIEVAL NUMBER 30
ELECTRON IC D ES IGN 20. September 27. 19 70

the signal generator that's all things to all men

Constant Amplitude Generator
Automatically leveled outputs from 2.2 V (+20 dBm) to 0.01 µV (-146 dBm) typically within ±0.25 dB are providedunobtainable from any other generator .. . Ideal for response testing of components (1 GHz) and to calibrate scopes, rf voltmeters, spectrum analyzers, etc.
FM Generator
Low distortion. Unique digital technique for adjusting deviation. At 500 MHz, deviation of 2.5 MHz is possible. Capable of handling FM stereo type signals.
RF Pulse Generator
Rise and fall times to 20 nanoseconds with a typical on-off ratio of 60 dB. Rep rates up to 500 kHz. Pulse widths as narrow as 4 microseconds are generated.

AM Generator
Covers the range from 61 kHz to 512 MHz in 1 unit. Has 100% modulation capability. AM bandwidth of DC to 200 kHz and lowest incidental FM available.
Video Generator
Can be video modulated over a bandwidth from DC to 100 MHz. Will simulate complex waveforms such as double sideband suppressed carrier.
Combination AM/FM Generator
No interaction between AM and FM. Use it for determining AM rejection of FM discriminators. Also apply it as a narrow band sweep generator with AM modulation for receiver testing.
INFORMATION RETRIEVAL NUMBER 31

and would you believe it's also a Counter
Reads generator output frequency to 5 places on a front panel Nixie readout. Also can be used as an external counter from DC to 2 MHz. Accurately monitors modulating rep rates.
A passive doubler raises output frequency to 1024 MHz.
The Singer Company Electronic Products Division 915 Pembroke Street Bridgeport, Conn. 06608. 203-366-3201 . In Europe contact: Singer Sewing Machine Company, Electronics Products Division, P.O. Box 301, 8034 Zurich, Switzerland, Telephone: (051) 47 2510
it's the
Model
SG-1000
SINGER
INSTRUMENTATION

MANAGEMENT

Can a production job be creative?
This director of manufacturing thrives on his work and tells why he finds it a challenge.

Richard L. Turmail, Management Editor
Unlike many engineers today, Harvey P. Newquist really likes his job. He's the director of manufacturing at Data General Corp., Southboro, Mass., a producer of minicomputers and peripheral equipment, and he says that the more he works in production, the more he likes it. It gives him a challenge he didn't find in other areas of engineering.
"Channeling engineers into manufacturing is difficult, though," he said, recently, "because they'd rather design. They feel it's more creative."
Ironically, Newquist's job is, at least, as challenging as a designer's. Take the over-all responsibility he has, for example, for keeping his firm's productivity in line with costs. This is no small task during these days of slackening sales. He does it, however, by staying "lean and mean."
Newquist explained that expression this way: for the sake of efficiency, and no matter what the economic climate, he hires only those whose contribution can be measured, and he tries to measure that contribution regularly. He also looks for production methods that will improve his operation.
Learning from the leaders
Newquist's production operation involves sheetmetal fabrication, assembly of circuit boards and power supplies, and the installation of completed circuit boards and a power supply in a metal chassis. Products have been standardized, and no custom work is done. The maximum use of medium-scale integrated circuits has dramatically reduced production time and the cost of production.
Newquist created the manufacturing procedure for the company's two computer lines, the Nova and the faster Supernova. Over 600 installations, the classic measure of success, have been attained in little more than one year of production.
Unique experience in test and assembly has given Newquist a healthy respect for production. A BS graduate of the University of Notre Dame,
54

Newquist participated in a General Electric engineering program testing diesel-electric locomotives and motor and turbine generators. This is certainly not the ordinary engineering assignment. Later, he served as the quality-control manager of the Navy aircraft early warning and detection system at GE's Light Military Electronics Div., Utica, N.Y. After that, he established the computer manufacturing capability for Honeywell at Framingham, Mass.
Newquist says that much of his computer production experience is the result of working with the circuit boards and modules that were given to him for assembly by the now leading and competing computer producers.
"These companies," he said, "started 20 years ago by making computer parts to fulfill Government contracts. Some 10 years or so ago they brought their circuit boards and modules to me to put together when I was at GE in Utica. Eventually, these companies evolved their own production process so they could assemble their own products."
According to Newquist, most computers a decade ago were composed of hundreds of small modules-a manufacturing manager's nightmare.
"Our production operation at Data General is simplified by the use of two big circuit boardson~ for each computer-that replaced 500 modules,"· Newquist said. "Just think of all the connections we don't have to make! We not only found a more producible way to make a computer -we've also been able to design all our other products around these same big boards."
Success depends on quality control
Newquist says that if a manufacturer is responsible for producing a highly technical product, like a computer, a big difference between a good manufacturing operation and an excellent one is the engineering capability to maintain quality control. · The success of the quality-control function of manufacturing, according to Newquist, is measured by customer acceptance of the product. And he explains why.
ELECTRONIC DESIGN 20, September 27, 1970

On the job at Data General Corp., Southboro, Mass., Harvey P. Newquist, director of manufacturing, checks
During his days with the testing program, he noticed that the salesmen always oversold the product-and the customer saw the product too late to make any changes. To preclude this possibility in his own production operation, Newquist instituted "close coupling,'' the term used to describe regular meetings between the designer and the manufacturer and sometimes the customer, to discuss the product, its applications and its cha nges. Close coupling is extremely important if the product being manufactured is
ELECTRONI C D ESIGN 20, September 27, 1970

over a computer line he's responsible for producing. He created the firm's manufacturing procedure.
complex and certain to undergo a high degree of change.
If the manufacturing manager is to make a: worthwhile contribution at these product meetings, Newquist believes he should have the following qualifications:
· An engineering degree. · Three to five years of experience in one of the product areas as a designer, or as an engineer in a test program. · An inherent ability to express himself to the
55

A young computer firm calculates its success ..

When a score of engineers got together in April, 1968, to decide what computer was most needed on the market, the Nova, a 16-bit-word, small-scale, general-purpose, digital computer was the result, and Data General Corp. was in business.
Since its inception, this manufacturer of mini-computers and associated peripheral equipment has operated as a loosely structured organization, keeping its middle management force to a minimum. Little emphasis has been placed on organizational charts because, as the company's director of manufacturing put it: "We want to attract able people into the company and not worry too much about where they will work." The company now has more than 200 full-time employees, including 45 engineering and programming personnel.
Proof that the company's approach to design, production and sales has been correct is that in less than three years, it is among the top five mini-computer producers. Most of these, one Data General official says, have been

in business for about 20 years. Additional confirmation that the company
has been computing a straight course for itself can be found in its sales figures, which have risen from zero in September, 1968, to an estimated $7-million in September, 1970. In the same period, earnings have about-faced from a loss of $104,927 to a profit of an estimated $700,000.
Rising sales have forced the company to stretch its original 10,000 square feet of executive offices and manufacturing facilities in Southboro, Mass., to seven times that area. An additional 150,000 square feet is presently under construction.
The company estimates it had approximately 3 % of the computer market in 1969. Its goal of market penetration is 10 % in 1971 and 20 °~ by the end of the next five years. Based on current projections of a $750-million market by 1975, this could indicate a sales goal of $150-million for the company within seven years of its founding.

customer concerning product changes and to help close the sale of the item.
· He must like the work-in fact, he must thrive on it.
These qualifications are based on Newquist's experience with the GE testing program. According to Newquist, GE had found that administrators in the position of manufacturing managers had a tendency to expect the designer had time and a capability based on experience to handle changes. When close coupling was necessary, the administrator lacked the experience to contribute. GE then tried to improve the program by training graduate engineers as production managers instead of administrators. The program eventually deteriorated, however, because graduate engineers couldn't afford to take a three-year sabbatical from· the state-of-art to learn manufacturing management.
"I conclude from that company's experience that you can't train a man . to be a production manager," Newquist said. "He must be found, and many electronic firms have yet to find the right man for the job."
Engineers with the proper mix of experience to qualify as production managers do exist, however, and can be found if the company offers the right inducement.
One method Newquist uses to attain quality in production, is to stress human dignity when he manages his production people.
"I've found," he said, "that an employee wants to be known by his name, not his employee badge number. I've also found, for example, that by
56

providing him with a more expensive cushioned chair, instead of the usual hard-seated one, and by giving him the same employee benefits that salaried personnel are allowed, he is assured that we are thinking of his welfare." That assurance undoubtedly has an effect on his production.
The production people are also given responsibility. They are trained to assemble only part of a circuit board until they've proved they can do the work. Then they are expected to assemble the entire board by themselves, and sign it when they have finished. Newquist estimates that although it takes 20 per cent longer to· assemble each board singly, fewer errors show up during the test phase of the board, than when each board is assembled by more than one person.
Each production employee is also trained to work around missing parts. However, in an attempt to have parts on hand at all times, Newquist says he deals with a large number of suppliers, so that he always has one to call.
For assembly and test operations, Newquist uses metal tables that are light, easy to handle and foldable. They can be arranged in almost any configuration for any production job.
"It makes our operation faster and more versatile," he said.
Of course, confidence plays an integral part in the success of a good production operation-the kind of confidence that Newquist displayed when his company told him it had decided on the big circuit boards for its computers. Without a single worry about producing the line, Newquist had said: "When do we ship it?" · ·
EL ECTRONIC D ESIGN 20, September 27, 1970

Product source Directory

PC-Board Connectors

The PC-board connectors covered in this Product Source Directory are divided into two groupi - edge-card units and plug-and-receptacle unitsan d t h en arranged a lphabetically according to manufacturer.
The values ·shown for contact resistance are only nepresentative since these can vary with

contact size and materials. No specifi c t est voltage applies to the insulation-resistance call-out.
Manufacturers are identified by the abbreviations shown in the Master Cross Index below. The following abbreviations are used in the tables: ina-information not available
n/ a- not applicable

Abbrev. AMP Air Born Amphenol
Armel Augat Bendix Berg Burndy
cc
Cambi on

Company
AMP Inc. Box 3608 Harrisburg, Pa. 17105 (717) 564-0101
AirBorn, Inc. 2618 Manana Dr. Dallas, Te x. 75220 (214) 357-0274
Amphenol Corp . Industrial Div. 1830 S. 54th Ave. Chicago, 111. 60650 (312) 242-1000
Armel Electronics 1601 75th St. N. Bergen, N.J. 07047 (201) 869-4300
Augat Inc. 36 Perry Ave. Attleboro, Mass. 02703 (617) 222-2202
Bendix Corp . Electrical Components Div. Sidney, N.Y. 13838 (607) 563-9511
Berg Electronics, Inc. York Expressway New Cumberland, Pa . 17070 (717) 938-6711
Burndy Corp. Richards Ave. Norwalk, Conn. 06852 (203) 838-4444
Components Corp. 106 Main St. Denville, N.J. 07834 (201) 627-0290
Cambridge Thermionic Corp . 445 Concord Ave. Cambridge, Mass. 02138 (617) 491-5400

Information Retri eval No .
440 441
442
443 444 445 446
447
448
449

Abbrev. Continental Dale Elco Hughes
IEH ITT Loranger 3M Co.
Mal co Masterite

Company
Continental Connector Corp. 34-63 56th St. Woodside, N.Y. 11377 (212) 899-4422
Dale Electronics Box 609 Columbus, Neb. 68601 (402) 564-3131
Elco Corp. Maryland Rd. & Computer Ave. Willow Grove, Pa. 19090 (215) 659-7000
Hughes Aircraft Co. Connecting Devices Div. Box H Newport Beach, Calif. 92663 (714) 548-0671
Industrial Electronic Hardware Corp . 109 Prince St. New York, N.Y. 10012 (212) 677-1881
ITT Cannon Electric 3208 Humbo ldt St. Los Angeles, Calif. 90031 (213) 225-1251
Loranger Manufacturing Corp. P.O. Box 948 Warren, Pa. 16365 (814) 723-8600
3M Co. 3M Center Building 224 BE St. Paul , Minn. 55101 (612) 733-1110
Malco Manufacturing Co., Inc. 5150 W. Roosevelt Rd. Chicago, 111. 60650 (312) 287-6700
Masterite Industries Sub. of Houston Fearless Corp. 2841 W. Lomita Blvd. Torrance, Calif. 90505 (213) 775-3471

Information Retrieval No .
450
'
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459

ELECTRONIC DESIGN 20, September 27, 1970

57

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I I INFORMATION RETRIEVAL NUMBER 32
-····· ··- 58

Abbrev . Meth ode Mi·Kro Microdot Milross Molex National
Sealectro Staff all Tl Inc.
Transitron U.S.C. Vector Vero Viking Winchester

Company
Methode Electronics Inc. 7447 W. Wilson Ave. Chicago, ill. 60656 (312) 867-9600
Mi·Kro Cu1111ectu1 40-09 21st St. Long Island City, N.Y. 11101 (212) 392-8814
Microdot Inc. 220 Pasadena Ave. S. Pasadena, Calif. 91030 (2 13) SY 9-9171
Milross Controls Inc. 511 2nd St. Pike Southampton, Pa. 18966 (215) 355-0200
Molex Inc. 5224 Katrine Ave. Downers Grove, Ill. 60615 (312) 969-4550
National Connector Corp. Div. of Fabri-Tek Science Center Drive Minneapolis, Minn. 55427 (612) 533-5361
Sealectro Corp. 225 Hoyt St. Mamaroneck, N.Y. 10543 (914) 698-5600
Staffall Inc. 7 Woodland St. Providence, A.I. 02908 (401) 351-8282
Texas Instruments Inc. Connector Products 34 Forest St. Attleboro, Mass. 02703 (617) 222-2800
T ransitron Electronics 168-182 Albion St. Wakefield, Mass. 01880 (6 17) 245-4500
U.S. Components, Inc. 1320 Zerega Ave. Bronx, N.Y. 10462 (212) 824- 1600
Vector Electronic Co., Inc. 12460 Gladstone Ave. Sylmar. Calif. 91342 (213) 365-9661
Vero Electronics 176 Central Ave. Farmingdale, N. Y. 11 735 (516) 694-6550
Viking Industries Inc. 2100 1 Nordhoff St. Chatsworth, Calif. 91311 (213) 341-4330
Winchester Electronics Div. of Litton Industries Main & Hillside Aves. Oakville, Conn. 06779 (203) 274-889 1

Information Retrieval No. 460 461 462 463 464 465
466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473
474

E L ECTRONIC D ESIGN 20, September 27, 1970

Connectors, PC-Board (Edge-Card)

Manufactu rer
AM P AM P AM P AM P AM P AMP AMP AMP AMP Amphenol
Amphenol Amphenol Auga t Burndy Burndy Burndy Burndy Burndy Burndy
cc
Cinch Cinch Cinch Cinch Cinch Cinch Cinch Cinch Cinch Cinch
Cinch Cinch Cinch
Continen ta l Continental Continental Continental Continental Con tinen ta l Con tinental
Cont nentol Cont nental
Cont nental Dale Dale Elco Elco Elco Elco Elco
Elco Elco Elco Elco Elco Elco Elco El co Elco Elco
Elco Elco Elco Hughes Hughes Hughes IEH ITT ITT
Loranger
3M Co. Meleo Meleo Mosterite Mas terite Masterite Microdot Molex Molex National

Series
Amp-Ta b Amp - Unyt Amp leaf Dual Tine Duo-Tyne Modified fork Termi -P late
Termi-Tw ist Twin Leaf
143
225 261 14005-lPl PB, PBD PC PSC PSE PWC PWH Digi - Klip
Mini- Tyke 259 Miniature 253 Miniature 259 Modular 253 Spec ial 251,253 Standa rd 250, 251, 252, 253 Standard 253 Standard 253, 259 Twin-Con 254 Tykon 255
Voricon 271 Varicon 7001,7008 Vo ri con 7009 600- 2 600- 6 600-11 600-83 600-100 600-1 21 600-125
600-128 600 - 156 672, TJ EBT 156 EBT L050 6007 6018 60 19 6020 6021
6022 6023 6024 6026 6027 6028 6030 606 1 6302 6308
6309 6310 6313 EM3 EPC ERS TPA6000 EC4 ·ECS5 2289
3415 Cardec 125 Cardec 200 005 008 014 Mini - Mote Right Angle Stra ight-On 2274

Contacts (Min - Max)
10- 43 2-20 8- 32 2- 30 3-22 3-33 14-44 15-43 3-50 6-43
6-100 15-86 60 15-50 8- 43 10-43 10-25 15-43 23 1
20 60-72 48-80 4-6 16- 60 6-50 15-50 30-44 16-86 12 - 50
41 17-47 34-40 10-64 10-64 6-43 18-43 10 - 50 10-50 6-50
6-50 6-43 1-63 8-22 8-128 6-44 36-72 22-44 84 15-30
22-44 43-86 18-36 18 14 14-28 15-30 46 48 4-6
25 - 100 3o 20-80 30-136 20-100 30-96 15-18 22-96 N 60
50 N N 24-352 30-160 6-86 40-184 6-24 6- 24 28

Contact
Spacing (Mils, Min-Max)

Contact
Rating (A, Min - Max)

Contact Resistance
(m n , Min-Max)

Insulation Resistance
(Mn)

100- 156

5

6

156

5

inc

156

5

2

100-156

3

30

156

16

15

156

5

6

150-200

5

3

100-156

5

2

100-156

3

6

156

5

25

5000
inc
5000
ina
5000 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000

100-156 100-200 100 100 156 156 50 156 200 50 min

5 5-7 .5 5 3 5 3 1 5 5 2

6-7 4.5 - 6 8 max
inc ina inc inc inc inc
5

5000 >5000 >2x 106 5000 min 5000 min 5000 min 5000 min 5000 min 5000 min n/ a

100

0.5

20

125

3

16

125

5

5

125-200

ino

ino

156

5

5

156

5

5

156

3

16

156

5

5

156

5

5

50

0.5

20

5000 5000 1000
inc
5000 5000
inc
5000 5000 5000

200

10

5

5000

200

10

5

25, 000

200

10

5

25,000

50

1

15

>1000

50

1

inc

inc

156

5

6 max

>5000

200

5

8 max

>5000

100

3

inc

inc

100

3

7 max

>5000

125

3

ino

ina

125

3

156

5

156-200

5

156

5

50

0.5

156

5

156

5

156

5

200

5

156

5

7 max 6 max 5 max 6 20 6 6 6 15 6

>5000
inc
>5000 5000 5000 25, 000 5000 5000 5000 5000

156

5

6

5000

156

5

6

5000

156

5

6

5000

150

5

6

25, 000

100

3

6

25, 000

100

3

6

25,000

156

5

6

25, 000

200

5

6

2000

125

3

16

1000

150

5

6

5000

100

3

10

5000

150

5

6

1000

125

6

8

25, 000

100

7

30 mox

5000 m n

50

3

30 mox

5000 m n

156

7

30 max

5000 m n

156

5

30 max

5000

100

3

10 max

5000 min

125

3

10

5000

156

inc

ino

ino

50

1

inc

inc

125

5

7

200

6

5

5000 10x 106

50

0.5

10

1000

100

3

8

500,000

156

5

6

500,000

50-100

3

4

5000

156

10

1.522

inc

156

10

1. 522

inc

156

5

5

5000

Sea-Level Test Vol toge
(V rms)
1800 2000 1800 1000 2200 1800 1800 1800 1500 1800
1800 1800 min 2300 800 1800 1200 600 1500 1500 n/ a
500 1800 830
inc
830 830 2000 830 500 500
1500 2000 1800 900 900 1665 2100 1400 1500 1350
1400 1665 1650 min 1800 1200 2000 1800 1800 1800 1800
1800 1800 1800 1800 1800 1800 2000 1800 1800 1400
1800 1800 1800 1000 375 1800 5400 max 1000 1000
inc
1500 1500 2500 250 1000 1800 1000 2200 max 2200 max 1800

126
Notes
la;B la;A la;B lf;A la;A laf;A lk;B;D lk;B lf;B ldfh;A
ladfgh;A;B lh;A;B lh; B lb;B lb;B lc;A;B lci;A;B lh;A;B lh;A;B l c;A;(2)
lf;A lh;B lh;B l h;B;C ldh;B; J ldfh;A;B lh;B lhm;B l a;B lfh;B; H
lh;A 1cdfghin;A la; A lfi; B lf i; B ldfh;A;B ldfh;A;B ldfh;A;B ldfh;A;B ldfh;A;B
ldfh;A;B ldfh;A;B lf;A;B;K lcfh;A lf;A;B lcgh;A;B lh;A;B lh;A;B lh;B lh;A;B
l cg;A;B l h;A;B lcg;A;B lh;A lh;B lh;A;B lcg;A; B l h;B lh;B lh;B;C
lh;A;B lh;B lh;A;B la;B lc;B la;B lcfhq;B lh;A;B lh;A;B;M lh;B
la;P;X lh;A;B lh;A;B lfih;B ldfh;B lcdfh;A;B lc;A;B;P lo;A; I la; A ld;A

Connectors, PC-Board {Edge-Card)

Manufacturer

Series

Contacts
(Min-Mox)

Contact Spacing
(Mils, Min - Mox)

Contact Rating (A, Min- Mox)

Contact Resistance
(m n , Min - Mox)

Insulation Resistance
(Mn )

National National National Notional National Notional Notional National National Stoffa 11

2295, 200030 2342' 2343' 200271 200 125' 20026 1 200150 200242' 200243' 200244 250025' 250052 510355, 510383, 510394, 510405 A-2100 A-2280, A-2289 550-12

10-15 7-18 56-112 18-36 15-44 10-15 N N 20- 80 12- 24

156 150 100 200 156 156 100-200 156 50 156

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

1

5

0. 196

3

5000 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000 1000 >0.01

Stoffa 11 Stoffa 11 Stoffel I Stoffa 11 Stoffel I Tl Inc.
Tronsitron Transitron Tronsitron Transitron
u.s.c. u.s.c. u.s.c. u.s.c. u.s.c. u.s.c.
Vero Vero Vector Vector
Vector
Viking Viking Viking Viking Viking Viking
Winchester Winchester Winchester
Winchester Winchester Winchester Winchester Winchester Winchester Winchester Winchester Winchester

550-15 550-18 550-22 550-31 550-41 9000 061,062 093 093E 25007
UP4CR-28, -P28, -OS UPC2R-D18 UPCR UPCR-D UPCR-GD65 - MX UPCR93 - D 2236 2245 R624 R636
R644 2VH A 2VH ANE 3VH C 3VH J VH l Vikom 2VK SB HB HK
HW-C HW- D K KKM KM PBH PCM PJDH PQ

15-30

156

18-36

156

22-44

156

31-61

125

41-82

125

22- 44

100

6-28

156

15- 25

156

31

125

28-72

100

28

125

36

200

6-22

156

12-44

156

130

100

12-44

156

40-80

100

22- 44

156

24

156

72

100

44

156

6-86

156

12- 86

156

12-100

125

12-100

100

20-132

50

6-86

156

6-60

156

6-56

156

6-56

156

20- 100

100

28-100

125

6- 22

156

6-22

156

14-44

78

25-50

150

20-100

50

25-50

150

31-62

125

0. 196 0. 196 0. 196 0. 196 0 . 196 3 3 3 3 3
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 max 5 max 5 5
5 5 5 3 3 0.5 5 5 5 5
5 5 5 5 5 5 1 5 5

3 3 3 3 3
ina
6 6 6 6
5 5 5 5 5 5 10 10 5 6
5 6 6 10 7 15 6 6 max 6 max 6 max
5 max 5 max 6 max
4 max 5 max 6 max 15 mox 6 max 6 max

>0 . 01 >"0.01 >0 . 01 >0 . 01 >0.01 5000 min 5000 5000 5000 5000
111111000000xxxxxx111lll000000666666 5000 5000 5000 5000
5000 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000
ina inc inc
ino ina ino inc inc inc inc inc ino

1. Contact termination o. crimp
b. removoble crimp c. solder d. solder eyelet e. solder cup f. dip solder g. tapered pin h. wire-wrap i. weld
i. turret
k. Termi-Point m. slip-on clip n. buss line P· bent pin q. tuning fork r. linked tapered tob s. printed circuit tab t. notched
A. Single-sided connectors B. Double-sided connectors
c. Modular unit-type connectors
D. Metal-plate connectors E. Leaf-type connectors

F. Open end closed-entry-type sockets G. Chevron-shaped contacts H. Ribbon-type contacts ovoi lob le I. Right-ongle connectors
J. Bridged design ovoiloble K. Test - point connectors
M. Modular plate-type connectors
N. Any number of contacts available p. Two-piece connectors Q. Office-of-Naval-Ordnance connectors
R. Jock-type connec tors
s. Meets MIL -C-21097
T. Meets MIL-C-23353
u. Mee ts Ml L- C-55302 v. Removable contacts w. Closed-entry-type jocks x. Connectors accept round - conductor flat coble
Y. Plugs only
z. Receptacles only
(1) Standard impedance is 50.0. (2) Sing le-clip U-shoped connectors (3) Straight and right-angle connectors avoi Iable (4) Military types SMB end SMC

127

Seo - Level Test Vo ltoge
(V rms)
1800 1800 1800 1800 1800 1800 1800 1800 900 1000 min
1500 1000 min 750 min 750 min 750 min
inc
1800 1800 1800 1200
1400 1800 1800 1800 1200 1800 700 700 2500 1800
2500 1800 1800 1000 650 375 1800
inc ina
inc
ina inc inc ino ina inc inc inc ino

Notes
lf;A;K ldh;A;B lf;B;l;M lh;B ldf;B lbh;A lh;A;M lb;B lcip;B lcg;B;J
lcg;B;J lcg;B;J lcg;B;J lcg;B;J lcg;B;J lc;A;B;(l) ldf;A;B ldf;A;B ldf;A;B lh;A
ldf;A;S ldg;B ldf;A;S ldfgpr;B;S lc;B ld;B;S lc;A;B lc;A;B lc;B lh;B
lc;B lfp;A;B lh;B lfh;B lfh;B lf;B lft;A;B ldfgh;A;B ldfh;A;B;T l dfh;A;B
lh;B lh;B lej;A ld;A ld;A ldfgh;A;B lf;A;B ldfgh;B ldfgh;A;B

60

ELECTRONIC D ESIGN 20, September 27, 1970

Guesswhatournew T N·LE *connector savesbesides space?

That's right. This new connector takes up very little space. For very little money.
You can choose from four different centerline spacings. Two of them.100 " and . 125 "- nobody else makes. And the other two- .150" and .156 " with bifurcated contacts-are the same spacings as anyone else ' s.
But that ' s all that' s the same. You can get from 6 to 100 contacts (by 2 ' s) per connector. Contacts are phos-

phor bronze with gold over nickel plating on contact area , and bright tin plated solder posts. Our card guides can handle two adjacent cards at the same time. There's also the unique stand -off feature of the connector housing. It exposes the contacts so you can make electrical con tinuity probes without damaging the contact area.
This pre-loaded TWIN-LEAF* con nector has proven to be adaptable to every moth er-daughter board a ppli -
INFORMATION RETRIEVAL NUMBER 33

cation known . And its future applica -· tions wait only for your imagination.
For more information on how you can save money and space on all your mother-dau ghter board applications write to Industrial Division, AMP Incorporated, Harrisburg, Pa. 17105.
AMP INCORPORATED

Connectors, PC-Board (Plug-and-Receptacle)

128

Manufacturer
AMP AMP AMP AMP . AMP
AirBorn AirBorn AirBorn AirBorn
Amphenol
Armel Armel Armel Armel Armel Armel Armel Armel Armel Bendi x
Berg Berg Berg Berg Burndy Burnd y Burnd y Comb ion Comb ion Cambi on
Comb ion Comb ion Comb ion Cambi on Cambi on Cinch Cinch Continental Continental Da le
Dale Dale Dale Elco Elco Elco Elco Elco Elco Elco
Elco Elco Elco Elco Elco Elco Elco Elco Elco IEH
IEH IEH ITT ITT 3M Co .
Masterite Methode Methode Methode
Methode Methode Methode Methode Methode Methode Mi-Kro Mi-Kro Milross Notional
62

Series
Amp- Bl ode Ampmodu
Box Contact Chevron Term i-Grid
WT WTA WTB WTK 133, 143
AP CP D DEP DEP M EP LP MP TBHR PCB
65000 65001 65002 65003 UPC2A UPC2B UPC3B 1521,3422 2201, 2225' 3398 3230' 3393' 3394' 3703' 3889
3308' 3388' 3704 3722 3888 7004 450- 3268 Miniature 213/ 212 Standard 213/ 211 145 - 5 600 -70 300
303 315 320 5004 5006' 5007' 5009 5023 5030 7008 7009 7015
7020 7024 7028 7029 7036 7038 8129 8218 8300 Hypertac HGM 12
Hypertac HGM74 Hypertoc l:IGM 100 UBS4 UBS6 3346, 3378, 3402' 3418, 3422, 3426, 3722, 3724 Spade/ Tuning-Fork 20,22,24 40,42 60,61,62,63,65
64 70, 71, 80, 81, 90, 91, 92 84 176 186 188 P5019, P5020, T5019, T5020 P5021,P5022, T5021, T5022 90253 2333, 2334

Contacts (Min-Mox)
17- 47 16-1 30 10- 180 16- 64 17-53 1- 22 10- 70 10-120 10- 70 6 - 22
23 10- 12 11-50 11 - 45 11-37 7-25 50 6-22 7- 12 28-80
16- 110 8 - 55 16-80 8 - 40 17-41 17-41 13-92 1 1 1
1 1 1 I 1 23 36 5-41 4- 28 7-25
45 50 7- 23 1- 44 12-26 14-33 15 17-47 24 - 40 17-59
51 17 - 41 135 75-1 23 17 17-47 6- 15 2- 152 1- 40 12
74 100 2-1 30 2 - 86
20- 50 4- 300 36- 44 17 - 51 6- 48
32 6- 48 12-44 66-72 14-56 18 1 1 13 15

Contact Spacing (Mi Is, Min - Mox)

Contact Roting
(A, Min - Mox)

Contact Resistance (m n ,Min - Mox)

Insulation Resista nce
(Mn )

100 - 125 100- 150 75 - 100 25 offset 100 100 50 - 100 50- 100 50- 100 156
50 200 62 50-100 100 125 100 125 100-156 100- 150

5 5 3 1 5 5 5 5 5 5
2 7.5 5 3-7 .5 7.5 7.5 7.5 5 5 3-7 .5

5 6 6 25 2 5 5 5 5 25
4 2 2 3- 10 2 4 4 2 2 30-40

1000 5000 5000 500 25, 000 5 5 5 5 5000
l~
105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105
5000 min

100

3

12

5000 m n

100

3

12

5000 m n

150

3

12

5000 m n

150

3

12

5000 m n

150

3

10

1000

100

3

10

1000

100

3

10

1000

inc

2 min

ino

ino

inc

8 min

i nc

i no

inc

0.5 min

ino

inc

inc
inc inc inc
inc
100 offset 125 100 156 250

2 min
inc
8 min
ino
inc
7.5 7.5 5 5 7.5

inc inc inc inc inc
4 4 5 max 5 max
ino

inc
inc ino
i nc inc
105 105 >5000 >5000 inc

50

3

inc

inc

200

7.5

ino

inc

156

7 .5

inc

inc

200

10

6

5000

200

10

6

25, 000

200

10

6

5000

156

10

6

25, 000

100

10

6

25, 000

100

10

6

25, 000

100

10

6

25, 000

100

10

6

25, 000

100

10

6

25, 000

100

10

6

5000

100

10

6

5000

100

10

6

5000

100

10

6

25, 000

100

5

6

25, 000

50

5

6

25, 000

50

3

6

5000

100

3

2 .5 max

5000

100 offset

3

100 offset

3

100

3

150

3

2.5 max 2.5 max 10 10

5000 5000 5000 5000

50

1

ino

ino

100-200

3

6

5000

125-156

7

10

1000

100 offset

7

10

1000

156

7

10

1000

140 156 125-156 100 150- 200 150 200 200 100 140

7

10

7

10

7

10

7

10

7

10

7

10

1.5

<3

1.5

<3

7 .5 max

5

5

5

1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 > 10,000 > 10,000
inc
5000

Seo -Level Test Vol toge
(V rms)
1800 1200 900 450 900 1000 1000 1000 1000 1800
1000 2700 1500 1000 min 1500 2250 1500 1800 1500 1300 min
1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
ino inc inc
inc inc inc ino
ina 2400 2400 2400 1650 2700
900 1875 1875 2500 2500 2500 2000 2000 1800 2000
1800 1800 1000 2000 1800 1800 1350 1000 1000
inc
ino ino 1000 1000
1500 1000 1000 1000 1000
1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1500 1800

Notes
locfk lahk;C lcfh lf;G lk lefh;F lefh;F lefh;F lefh;F ldf;A
lcep;A;B; I leejp;A;B; I le;A;B lcdeh jp;A;B; I lp;A;B;l;K leejp;A;B;I lacdeh;A;B lej;A;B A;B;I lac;A;B
le le le le le le leh lp;K;R;W laf;R;W lf;R;W
laf;R;W lef;R;W;Z lp;K;R;W lf;R;W;Z lf;R;W;Z le;A;I lf;B; I ldef;A;B lef;A;B lef
lef lef lef lg legh loch lcgh legh lg loch
lcgh legh lh lh lg loch le le le lefp
lb lh lch lch
lc;P;X lfh;A;B lg;B;Z leh;A ldf;A;B;Y
lf;A;Y ldfh;A;B;Z ld;B;Z ld;B;Z lh;A;B;Z lh;A;Z le;B; Z;( 1);(3);(4) le;R; Y;(l);(3);(4) le;B lfh; p

INFORMATION RETRIEVAL NUMBER 45 ....

In printed circuitry , it takes two to guarantee circuit continuity and non -bridging of adjacent contacts . You and us. To cut out the guesswork (and save you a lot of expensive phone calls) we're printing this list of recommended dimensions for use with our Edge-On connectors , crimp and solder.

Connector Family
PA-3 7 PA -1 2 P C 4 D D 4 3 -1 PC4 DD 36-1 Othe r PC4DD PB & PBD PC4D 2 D PSC PSE PWC

A-Contact Spacing

B

c

D

E

.078
.156
.156 .100 .156 .156 .050 .156

3.057 .123

.063

.941 .040 c"';- ~

~ 5.697 .108

.c 0 ~~tlO >c:.·C- ·. c-:

.076

=~~ ' u ~ tl )(
CQ l'"'I UJo<
~ -~ VI> C~U~N
u c:..,:;,
0:3 "'" ~ ~ii

,,e "'
'E. '- -
uII.gc"~'

··-- - ~ ~ o
z -

enc: aO. uo.

ct-a:a

.042

Cc: u

.052 .092 .092 .036 .072

F-Double-Slded Board Thickness
.056 /. 069
.054 /.07 2
.054/ .072 .054/ .072 .054 /.07 2 .054 / .072 .054 /.072

Connector Family
PA -3 7 PA -1 2

G
.

PC4DD43-1

"t'i~

PC4DD36-1

....

Oth er PC4 DD

x

PB & PBD

"0 '

PC4D2D

0
t

i

:e

PSC

q

PSE

PWC

. H

I .095

.. ..

.......

...120
.125
...051

.J .
...078 ...078
.078
.078

.K.
...092
...089
.101
.065

L Min.
.385
.330
.370 .370 .370 .370 .370

· H = C pl us any who l e number mult i ple of conta ct spa ci ng. H should not be located i n
first or las t position
.. Not App l ica bl e

And to meet applicable requirements of Mil C-21097 , our .100"

now comes in diallyl phthalate. It' s impervious to chlorinated

hydro-carbon but otherwise exactly like our polycarbonates - same sizes , same reliable spring contacts , same tooling

~
f -~ J K IL

and rapid installation methods. Write

45° x .030 chamfe r

for samples and ournewcatalog #PC69.
111 ,.... B

I
i_\ ~

H

·

D A
r¥-t
T-,
-0 0 a U R N D V NORWALK. CONNECTICUT

INTERNATIONA L SALES HEAOQUARTERS AN D MANUFACTURIN G FACILITIES:
CANADA : Ontario I ENGLANO: St. Helens, Lan es. BELG I UM : Mechelen I MEXICO: Naucalpan de Juarez I BRAZIL: Sao Paulo
JAPAN : Tokyo / Sales Offices in Other Major Cities

Connectors, PC-Board (Plug-and-Receptacle)

129

Ma nu foe turer
N otional N a tional Seo lectro Sea lectro Seolectro Tronsitron
Tronsitron
u. s.c. u.s .c. u.s.c.
u. s.c.
Vero Ve ro V ero Vec tor Vector Vector Wi nchester Winchester W inchester
W nchester W nches ter W nchester

Se ries
200219' 200220 ONO Con heX Screw-On ConheX Slide - On ConheX Snop- On 6040 PE 1000 MIG -F , MIG - FD, MIG - M, MIG-S - M RE PC-SG F, UPCC-SG F, UPCC - SGM RE PO - F, UPCC - F, UPCC- M
RWG-37F, WG-37M, WG-37MR RP16, RS 16 RP24 , RS24 RP32, RS32 RlOO R200 R600 42
w
WC
WD WM NAS

Contac ts (Min - Mox)
52 6- 55 1 l 1 15- 37 66 11-37 11-35 7- 32
37 16 24 32 4- 20 9-41 12-35 50-74 7- 23 23
l l-22 l l -35 7-23

Contac t Spac ing (Mi ls, Min - Mox)

Contact
Ro ting (A, Min- Mox)

Con to ct Res i sta nce
(mil ,Min - Mox)

Insulation Resistance
(Mn )

150 100- 125 100 100 100 200 100 100 100 156
100
inc
inc ino
200 100 100-200 100 156 156

5 5 1.5 max 1. 5 max 1. 5 max 5 3 7.5 7.5 7.5
7.5 5 max 5 max 5 max 5 5 5 5 7.5 7.5

5 5 6 max 6 ma x 6 max 4 8.3 4 5 5
4
inc ina inc
2 2 6 4 max 2.66 max 2.66 max

5000 mi n 1000 1000 1000 1000 5000 5000 6 1!lO00xxx!!!O0066
!Ox 1P6i
> 10 12 >1012 >io 5000 5000 25, 000
ina
inc
inc

100

7.5

2.66 max

no

100

7.5

3.34 ma x

no

156

7.5

2 . 66 max

no

Seo- Leve l Test Vol toge
(Y rms)
1800 900 1500 1500 1500 1800 1500 1060 1800 1800
1060 800 Y de 800 Y de 800 Y de 1800 1800 1000 i no
ina ino
no no no

Notes
lfh; p lf; P;Q l c;R lc;R lc;R lef lof lef;Y lf; T;U lbcdf j; T;U
lbf;U
Jes Jes l eg 1f lef lo;Y
lef l ~f lef

WJmlfilfil)ffiA((JI[ $3
The ULTIMATE PC CARD FRAME
CASES CONNECTO RS

VERO

· Exceptional St rength

· 4 - &. 4 1'1" Wide Guide Bloc ks With .s- ca rd s

· Prec ision Aluminum Ex trusion Guide Rail s Spacmg tor Fastest Assem bl y Guides Slide

· Concealed Guide Mounting · ldentlf1cat1on Strip Sta ndard In Front -
Optional In Rear

In to Extrusions lnd1v1dual Variable Spaced Guides from .4 " Availa ble · Combine Gu ide Lengths for Extra Le ngth

· Polyca rbonate Gu ide Temp. Range -60 Cards With Special Center Extrus ion

+1 25 c

· Umque Extruded Conn ector Rails Allow

.· Selection of Gu ide Lengths

Connector Mounting at any Point a nd In

dent1f1cat1on of Connector Position

ELECTRONICS INC. TWX 5 10 -224-642 5

176 CENTRAL AVE., FARMINGDAL E, N. Y. 11735 TEL: 516 MY4 - 6 5 50

INFORMATION RETRIEVAL NUMBER 46

64

ELECTRON IC D ESIGN 20, Se ptem ber 27 ; 1970

Ideas For Design

Precision voltage comparator has low power-supply drain
A simple, low-drain voltage comparator consists of a negative-resistance transistor pair, Q3 and Q4, driven by a differential transistor pair, Q1 and Q1. The coupling between these two pairs is also differential so that t he common-mode rejection properties of the first stage are not Jost . This also reduces the effects of powersupply voltage variations and drift in the constant-current source, Q5.
The collector resistors, R i and R", should be matched and have low temperature coefficients. The resistors R , and R. determine the hysteresis by controlling the loop gain in t he negativeresistance part of t h e circuit.
Diode D1 Jowers the collector voltage of Q, by about 0.6 V and causes triggering to occur close to zero at the input. The diode also cancels some of the temperature drift in the base-emitter diode of Q3 and thus reduces the temperature dependence of the circuit. For the best results, D, and Q3 should be in the same case. One approach is to use t he base-emitter diode of another 2N930 for D1·
The differential pair has a specified maximum temperature drift of 10 µ,V /° C (BCY 89, Philips) and is supplied with a current of about 15 µ,A from the constant-current source Qs. Th is current is determined by selecting the value of Rs, a high-stability resistor. At 15 µ,A the D1 current is 7.5 µ,A, giving an internal resistance of about 3.3 kn that is compensated for by R5·
The output is a trigger step of about 3 V. The load must be very high impedance or an emitterfollower should be used between output and load.
The following are circuit specifications: Pow-

RI 499k
R5 3 .3k
IN

R3 2 .7M
Q4 BCl79
QI

+9V R4 3.9M
05
T1S58

R2 499k
OUT
DI

-9V
Precision comparison is achieved by a pa ir of tran · sistors , Q, and Q", used as a differential ampl if ier, which drive a bistable trigger circ uit, Q" and Q ,. Transistor Q,, acts as a constant·curre nt source.

er-supply requirements : ± 9 volts, 15 µ,A; input current : 90 nA (25 °C); common-mode voltage rej ection: ( - 5 to +3 V) 20 µ,V / V; power-supply rejection : 20µ, V/ V; total temperature drift: '(25 ° to 75 °C) 15 ,µ,V /° C; h ysteresis: (25° to 75 °C) 420 ±20 µ,V.
Sverre Grimnes, R esearch E ngineer, Depar tment of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Postboks 1033 Blindern-Oslo 3, Norway.
VOTE FOR 311

Tunable low-cost LC oscillator has excellent stability

This tunable oscillator is very stable in both frequency and amplitude with respect to changes in temperature or supply voltage. Two outputs are available, providing almost equal voltages in phase opposition.
With proper choice of R2 and R3, the distor-
tion is less than 2% when driving a 10-fl load.
Less than 2 mA are required from the power supply, a nd the parts cost about $2.70, plus the

cost of the simple, untapped coil. As the voltage on the gate of Q, becomes posi-
tive, the voltage at the source of Q, is dr iven more positive. This voltage is coupled through R3 and C2 to the source of Q,, turning on Q, and providing positive feedback to maintain oscillation. At the same time, the drain of Q2 is being driven in a negative direction until, eventually, CR1 begins to conduct.

E L ECTRO NI C D ES IGN 20, September 27 , 1970

65

Open up closed-circuit
markets ...
...with this new. one-inch-diameter
Plumbicon*

What a boost the entire CCTV industry would enjoy if existing cameras could operate well at significantly lower light levels and higher response speeds. That's exactly what this new Philips Plumbicon camera tube has to offer. Its one-inch-diameter makes it retrofittable into existing cameras now using vidicons. Developed originally to meet the exacting needs of live broadcast television, the Plumbicon won the industry's"Emmy" in 1967, as the year's most significant technological advance. Since then it has dominated its field- today it's in 9 out of IO colour cameras in use throughout the world. When used in CCTV applications in medicine, industry, education or commerce - this superb tube makes practical many applications hitherto only theoretical. The very high sensitivity, low dark current and fast response mean greatly improved picture quality - even when the subject is poorly illuminated or moving rapidly. All of which means the Plumbicon can make existing CCTV equipment work better, can make CCTV colour a practical proposition ... can open up vast new markets, not only for cameras, but for related equipment as well! Let's help you open up new opportunities!

· Registered trade-mark of N.V. Philips' Gloeilampenfabrieken
Eindhoven, the Netherlands

Philips Electronic Components and Materials Division, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
Manufactured , distributed and sold in the U.S. by Amperex Electronic Corporation, Electro-Optical Devices Division, Slatersville R.I.

PHILIPS

INFORMATION RETRIEVAL NUMBER 47

FOR ACDC ELECTRONICS

66

REGIONAL INSERT, CIRCLE 246 ...

Our new OEM series is the best power supply you can buy for applications that don't need the best power supply you can buy.

Most OEM applications don't need all the special features we build into our best line of power supplies. And most OEM power supply users just won't pay for features they don't need. That's why we've introduced a new power supply designed especially for the OEM user.
We call it our OEM Series power supply.
There are 51 models in this new series from 4 to 32 volts and in current ranges from 0 .9 to 18 amps. The OEM series
offers 0 .1% regulation instead of our usual 0.01 % and

comes with open frame construction instead of our usual closed black box. Aside from that, you might never notice any other difference. The OEM series features the same excellent stability, same dependable overload protection, same versatile mounting capability, same "guaranteed forever" performance and same off-the-shelf delivery. The only conspicuous difference is in the price.
So now, when you don't need the best power supply that we sell, we can sell you the best power supply that you need .

acdc electronics inc.
Oceanside Industrial Center, Oceanside, California 92054, (714) 757-1880

OEM Power Supply Modules /Specifications

0
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...:..
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.~...
t::. ..;
It)
0
SI g..!c.!:.!
uiii ai
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0
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ti
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0
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0
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Input Output
Regulation
Ripple Stability
Temp . Coeff. Output Impedance
Transient Response
Remote Sensing
Remote Voltage Adjustment
Overload Protection Overvoltage Protection (Optional)
Amb ient Temperature Construction
Mounting
Connector Dimensions

105-125 VAC, 47 -63 Hz (Useable also at 400 Hz; consult factory for derating.)
See table . Output is floating ; either positive or negative output terminal may be grounded . Zero to full load current ratings as shown in table.
0.1% + 5 mV NL-FL, ± 0.1% ± 5mV for 10% Input change.
2mV RMS max., 20 mV P-P max.
Typically lOmV for eight hour period after initial warmup.
0.02% /° C max.
DC·lKHz : 0.001 R, or 0.005 ohm max. lKHz-lOOKHz: 0.005R, or 0.03 ohm max. (R, is the rated load)
Output voltage returns to within regula -
tion limits within 50 µsec in response to
a 50% load step.
Terminals are provided to maintain regu lation at the load, compensating for the DC voltage drop in the load cable.
Output voltage may be remotely adjusted over a limited range by insertion of a variable resistor in the positive sensing line.
Inherently protected against overload and short circuit by a foldback type characteristic.
Any model can be furnished with overvoltage protection which crowbars the output in the event of a rise in the output vo ltage of between 1 to 2 Volts or 1020% (whichever is larger) . This protection circuit is completely independent of the supply and is adjustable.
The addition of overvoltage protection does not add to the outline dimensions of the supply.
Operating: 0 to 71 °C Storage: - 50 to 85 °C
Integral aluminum chassis and ~eatsink. Printed circuit regulator board may be removed for servicing. Three sides are open to allow unobstructed ventilation, easy inspection and accessibility.
Units may be mounted on five surfaces for unusual mechanical versatility. Selflocking mounting hardware for all mounting variations supplied with each unit.
Barrier strip.
See Table Below.

DIMENSIONS

Weight

Case

Approx.

Size

H

w

L

(Lbs.)

Rl

33{6

41K6

6X

4X

R2

33{6

41K6

10

7X

R3

41K6

41K6

10

12

Obtain ACDC outline drawing for design and mounting details.

<D NOMINAL OUTPUT VOLTAGE

ADJ. RANGE
±V

MAXIMUM CURRENT RATING (AMPS)
40°C 55 °C 71 °C

CASE SIZE

MODEL NUMBER (add -I for OVP)

PRICE@
I0-24 PIECES (Add $IO for OVP)

6.0 5.1 3.9 Rl

OEM4N6

59 .00

4

.25 11

9.3 7.1 R2 OEM4Nll

84.00

18 15.3 11.7 R3 OEM4Nl8

128.00

5.7 4.8 3.7 RI OEM5N5.7

59.00

©5

.25 IO

8.5 6.5 R2 OEM5Nl0

84.00

17 I4.5 11.0 R3 OEM5Nl7

I28.00

5.2 4.4 3.4 Rl

OEM6N5.2

59 .00

6

.25 9.5 8.1 6.2 R2 OEM6N9.5

84.00

15 12.7 9.7 R3

OEM6N15

128.00

4.2 3.6 2.7 Rl

OEM8N4 .2

59 .00

8

.25 7.5 6.4 4.9 R2 OEM8N7.5

84 .00

12 10.2 7.8 R3

OEM8N12

128.00

3.5 3.0 2.3 Rl

OEM10N3 .5

59 .00

10

.5

6.5 5.5 4.2 R2

OEM10N6 .5

84 .00

10.2 8.6 6.6 R3

OEMlONl0.2 128.00

3.2 2.7 2.I RI OEMI2N3.2

57.00

©12

.5

5.8 4.9 3.8 R2 OEMI2N5.8

76.00

9.5 8.I 6.2 R3

OEMI2N9.5

119.00

2.8 2.4 1.8 Rl

OEM14N2 .8

57 .00

14

.5

5.2 4.4 3.4 R2 OEM14N5.2

76 .00

8.7 7.4 5.6 R3

OEM14N8.7

119.00

2.7 2.3 1.7 RI OEMI5N2.7

57.00

©15

.5

5.0 4.2 3.2 R2 OEMI5N5

76.00

8.2 7.0 5.3 R3 OEMI5N8.2

119.00

2.6 2.2 1.7 Rl

OEM16N2 .6

57.00

16

.5

4.7 4.0 3.0 R2

OEM16N4 .7

76 .00

7.7 6.5 5.0 R3

OEM16N7.7

119.00

2.3 1.9 1.5 Rl

OEM18N2 .3

57 .00

18

.5

4.2 3.6 2.7 R2

OEM18N4.2

76 .00

6.9 5.9 4.5 R3

OEM18N6 .9

119.00

2.1 1.8 1.4 Rl

OEM20N2.l

57.00

20

1

3.8 3.2 2.5 R2 OEM20N3 .8

76.00

6.2 5.3 4.0 R3

OEM20N6 .2

119.00

1.9 1.6 1.2 Rl

OEM22Nl.9

57.00

22

1

3.6 3.1 2.3 R2 OEM22N3.6

76.00

5.9 5.0 3.8 R3 OEM22N5.9 119.00

I.8 1.5 1.2 RI OEM24Nl.8

57.00

©24

1

3.3 2.8 2.I R2 OEM24N3.3

76.00

5.4 4.6 3.5 R3 OEM24N5.4 115.00

1.7 1.4 1.1 Rl

OEM26Nl.7

57 .00

26

1

3.1 2.6 2.0 R2 OEM26N3.l

76.00

5.0 4.2 3.2 R3 OEM26N5.0 115.00

1.6 1.4 1.0 RI OEM28NI.6

57.00

©28

I

2.9 2.5 1.9 R2 OEM28N2.9

76.00

4.7 4.0 3.I R3 OEM28N4.7 115.00

1.5 1.3 1.0 Rl

OEM30Nl.5

57 .00

30

1

2.7 2.3 1.8 R2 OEM30N2.7

76 .00

4.5 3.8 2.9 R3 OEM30N4.5 115.00

1.4 1.2 0.9 Rl

OEM32Nl.4

57 .00

32

1

2.5 2.1 1.6 R2 OEM32N2.5

76.00

4.3 3.6 2.8 R3 OEM32N4.3 115.00

© Contact ACDC for any voltage not listed © In stock at ACDC (others available in 3 weeks) 0 l ·4 pcs: Add $25
5-9 pcs: Add $15 Contact ACDC or your local ACDC representative for higher quantity prices.

PRINTED IN U.S.A. BULLETIN NO. 770

IDEAS FOR DESIGN
R2 l.5k IN4148
ALTERNATE
_ ~(- _ ~i OUTPUT
''
This stable FET oscillator is tunable by adjusting Ll" Output amplitude is set by R2 · Two outputs of opposite phase are available.
When CR, conducts, the feedback to Q1 becomes negative, turning Q, off, and limiting the amplitude of the oscillation. The output impedance of Q11 operated in the grounded-gate configuration, is very high, as is the input impedance of Q"; thus, the Q of the resonant circuit is kept high for excellent frequency stability.
The amount of positive feedback necessary to maintain oscillation is set by R3, which may vary

from a few thousand ohms for a low Q coil to more than 100 kfl with a high Q coil. It should be set to the highest resistance that will provide reliable oscillation. The capacitance of C2 is such that its reactance at the oscillator frequency is much less than the resistance of Ra.
The oscillation amplitude is controlled by the resistance of R", which should be set with the output load (s) applied. If a low-distortion output is desired, the amplitude must be limited so that the voltage at the gate of Q" does not become negative enough to cut off Q" completely and clip the negative peaks. However, clipping will not degrade the frequency or amplitude stability; and the resulting waveform may be preferable for some applications.
The circuit values shown are typical for a 3-kHz oscillator, producing about 1-V rms output at low distortion, using a Miller 9009 coil. Fre-
quency shift is less than 0.01 % for a 40 °C change in transistor temperature. A 10 % change in
supply voltage causes a frequency shift of about
0.02 % and an amplitude change of about 2 %.
Davis E. Wilso n, supervisor, support systems, Lockheed Missiles & Space Co., P.O. Box 4097, Patrick AFB, Fla.
VOTE FOR 312

Complementary transistor buffer can be used for IC interface
Interface circuits are frequently required to match IC logic outputs to load input requirements. Both amplitude and impedance must be considered. A two-transistor complementary buffer can be used to convert IC logic signals into low-impedance precision voltage signals.
The low impedance and precision amplitude are provided by a saturated transistor for both the low and high states. The idle current in the output stages is zero, with the transistors supplying current to, or sinking current from, the load on demand.
When the output of the integrated circuit is low (see drawing), transistor Q" is OFF and transistor Qi is saturated. The base current for Qi is determined by R2 and R,. When the output of the IC is high, transistor Qi is OFF and transistor Q2 is saturated. The ratio of R2 plus R3 to R1 should be selected so that the base of Q1 is great-
er than + 5 V in this state. The IC is not required
to provide base current to Q2. The resistor R" is optional and provides short-
circuit protection to ground.
ELECTRONIC DESIGN 20, September 27 , 1970

+15V
RI 51k

R2

Cl

,.-- ....

7.5k

200pF

C0>---~ 1

' - ;~- _ _ _ _ _,,.

'- _,,.
R3 20k

20QpF CZ

R4 20k

+5V
QI 2N2907A
Vout
Q2 2N2222

Low-impedance precision voltages are obtained
from IC logic by using this saturated transistor
buffer. Resistor R6 provides protection against short circuits.

The output impedance and amplitudes are determined solely by Rsat and Vc·<·at> of the transistors.
James T. Dixon III, Pro ject E ngineer, SCI Electronics, Inc., P.O. Box 4208, Hu ntsville, Ala. 35802.
VOTE FOR 313
67

DIGITAL BUILDING BLOCKS FOR

INFORMATION RETRIEVAL NUMBER 48

9168 DESOTO AVENUE CHATSWORTH CALIFORNIA

A DIVISION OF
POWERTEC
THE POWERHOUSE

INFORMATION RETRIEVAL NUMBER 49

Everything in Electronics

· Stereo(Hi-Fi Components · Musical Instruments and Amplifiers · Photography Equipment · Ham and CB Gear · Public Address Systems · Tools and Test Equipment
· Educational and Optical Equipment · Black and White/ Color Televisions · Pol ice and Fire Monitor Receivers · Books and Parts Plus Thousands of Additional Items

Lafayette Radio Electronics, Dept. 45090

r------------- P.O. Box 10, Syosset, LI., N.Y. 11791

Send For

I Send Me the Free Lafayette Golden Jubilee 1 1971 Catalog 71 O

Your Free 1971

I Name I Address

. ..... ........... 45090 I I

Lafayette I City

.... .......... ........

I

Catalog

I State ..... .... ...... . .... .. ... ... ... ... . .... Zip ... . ... .... ... .. I

Today!

(Please include your zip code)
L-------------~ INFORMATION RETRIEVAL NUMBER 50

68

INFORMATION RETRIEVAL NUMBER 51
ELECTRONIC D ES IGN 20, September 27, 1970

IDEAS FOR DESIGN
Remote control of a triac is made easy by usi11g one IC
By using an IC flip-flop to control a triac, remote control of a high-power ac circuit can be easily accomplished without using any switching power at the remote switches. As the diagram shows, the switches ground either the DIRECT SET (pin 10) or DIRECT CLEAR (pin 5) input of the flip-flop . Any number of switches may be placed in parallel on either of the inputs.
When SET, the flip-flop's output (pin 6) is high and causes Q1 to go into saturation. When saturated, Q , can supply sufficient gate power to drive the triac, T,, into the conducting state even when the ambient temperature is as low as - 40 °C. Resistor R2 has been chosen large enough to limit the gate current to a safe value when Q, is saturated.
Although gate signals of either polarity can trigger the triac, positive voltages are used in this design because the triac is more sensitive to positive trigger signals than it is to negative trigger signals.

Lamp B, is used to monitor the state of the triac. It goes on when power is supplied to the loa d. The lamp's voltage rating should be equal to the applied ac voltage.
When CLEAR, the flip-flop's output is low, and it draws the current supplied through R, away from the base of Q1· Robbed of its base current, Q, turns OFF and thus allows the triac to turn OFF the next time its ac load current goes through zero.
To protect the triac against transients, R3 and C, are placed across it. For 120-V applications, C, should have a 200-V rating; for 240-V applications, it should be rated at 400 V.
To avoid overheating, the triac should be mounted on a heat sink with a thermal resistance from the case to ambient of 2°C/ W or less. This figure assumes an ambient temperature of 25 °C or less and a maximum load current of 15 A at a conduction angle of 360 °. Higher ambient temperature will require lower values of thermal resistance.
A . J. Duelm, R esearch E ngineer , Southw est R esearch Institut e, 8500 Culebra Rd., San A n-tonio, Te x . 78228.
,VOTE FOR 314
Bl LAMP ASSEMBLY

I
I
REMOTE I
ON ~
l

~OFF

H

.,,.

I

REMOTE OFF

7V IOOmA MAX

14

MC84!1P

6

7

.,,.

RI
611820w

Tl
Cl 0 .22.µ.F
FUSE 15A
.,,.
120 or 240 Va c

Triac T1 will switch 3600 W of 60-Hz power at 240 V, and 1800 W at 120 V. For operation at

240 V, T1 should be an RCA type 40576; for 120· V operation, a type 40575 will do.

Random-data generator uses only two ICs

A low-cost random-data generator for such applications as the testing of data sets can be built from only two ICs. The circuit (see drawing) generates a random sequence of bits at a rate that is set by the frequency of the externally gen-

erated square-wave signal. ICs la, b and c form a free-running high-
frequency oscillator. The externally generated square wave is applied to the trigger of IC 2a. At each negative edge of the square wave, the

ELECTRONIC D ESIGN 20, September 27 , 1970

69

NewHelipot

DAC &ADC Hybrid

ar MO

¥Im

Model 847 DAC & Model 871 ADC offer:
· Integration of the best DAC/ADC functional elements from MOS/LSI, Bipolar and cermet thick-film technologies into complete hybrid converters.
· MOS system compatibility (using 3750 & 3751) .
· Small , hermetic metal package & environmental specs per MIL-STD-883.

· Resolution · Accuracy : (Code)
at 25° C -20 to 85° C
· Price (50-99 Quantity)
· Power Consumption

MODEL 847 DAC 10 bit

D1

D2

±0.025% ±0.05%

±0.05% ±0.1%

D3 ±0.1% ±0.2%

$165.00 $148.75 $136.00

350mW max.

MODEL 871 ADC 12 bit

D1

D2

D3

±0.025% ±0.05% ±0.1%

±0.05% ±0.1% ±0.2%

$252.25 $191 .25 $165.00

950mW max.

Call your local Helipot Sales Engineering Representative fo r additional information and application assistance.

Qeokm· ~ INSTRUMENTS , INC .

HELIPOT DIVISION FULlERTON, CALIFORNIA INTERNATIONAL SUBSIDIARIES : AMSTERDAM : CAPETOWN: GENEVA ; GLENROTHES, SCOTLAND : LONDON : MEXICO CITY; MUNICH; PARIS: STOCKHOLM; TOKYO ; VIENNA

INFORMATION RETRIEVAL NUMBER 52

70

ELECTRON IC D ESIGN 20. September 27. 1970

IDEAS FOR DESIGN

Since the free-running oscillator is not synchronized in any way with the applied square wave, the output pattern is random.
J. Renauro, Weymouth Rd., Vineland, N.J.
08360.
.VOTE FOR 315

+sv

I

s

T

2 0 SN7474N

IC2a

12 0

Kl
R OUTPUT SN7474N 0 9
IC2b

Nt#WNNMW' OSCILLATOR ICI pin6

N(V

SQUARE WAVE UU1JlJU1J1IlflJ IC2 pin 3 IC2pin5 ~

OUTPUT~
IC2 pin9

This circuit provides a truly random output pattern because the free-running oscillator (ICs la, b and c) is not synchronized with the square-wave input signal that determines the bit rate.

oscillator's output is transferred to the ZERO output of IC 2a and stored.
IC ld acts as an inverter and thus transfers the oscillator's output to the ZERO output of IC 2b at each positive edge of the square wave.

IFD Winner for May 24, 1970 A. C. Burley and A. V. Aellen, Senior Engineers, Hawker Siddeley Dynamics Ltd., T.R.A.C.E. Lab., Automatic Test Equipment Dept., Napier Building, Manor Rd, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, England. Their idea "HighFrequency VCO Uses TTL Gates" has been voted the Most Valuable of Issue award. Vote for the Best Idea in this Issue.

Ramp generator has adjustable retrace
This circuit produces a ramp that begins at ground level and has linear runup and linear retrace. The runup slope is proportional to R,C, and the retrace slope is proportional to R"C. If R" is replaced with a variable current source, the retrace slope is adjustable.
Low-cost plastic transistors give good performance from a slope of 0.5 V/ µ,s to slopes in the volts per second region. The high input impedance of Q" permits long gating periods to be ac-coupled, thus avoiding level translation problems:
Ralph Tenny, Equipment Tech. Master, T exas Instruments, Dallas, Tex.
VOTE FOR 316

+20V

+sv

2N3819

R2

+20V
4 .7k

IN914B
03 2N3819

OUTPUT
02

VOTE! Go through all Idea-for-Design entries, select the best, and circle the appropriate number on the ReaderService-Card.
SEND US YOUR IDEAS FOR DESIGN. You may win a grand total of $1050 (cash)! Here's how. Submit your IFD describing a new or important circuit or design technique, the clever use of a new component or test equipment, packaging tips, cost-saving ideas to our Ideas-for-Design editor. You will receive $20 for each accepted idea, $30 more if it is voted best-of-issue by our readers. The best-of-issue winners become eligible for the Idea Of the Year award of $1000.
ELECTRONIC D ES IGN 20, September 27. 1970

-sv

n II 11-+sv

INPUT _J LJ LJ

L 0

OUTPUT
The retrace slope is adjusted by using a current source in place of R". The ramp generator uses low-cost plastic transistors.
71

New Products

Analog gate for $6 includes a driver

LSI 2-package system replaces 126 circuits

Read-only MOS memory operates in 750 ns

.........

-- ---------

va -

Output

Crystalonics, a T eledyne Co., 147 ShPrrnan St., Cambridge, Mass. Phone: (617) 491-1670. P&A: $8.10, $6.60; stock.
Able to switch ± 10-V signals directly from DTL or TTL levels, th e low-cost CAG30 general-purpose FET analog gate comes complete with a driver for a price of only $8.10 in single quantities, and $6 in larger quantities of 100 to 249 units.
This new break-before-make switch uses a monolithic switching circuit as a driver (the CDR5) to provide the advantages of small s ize and operates over the military temperature range of -55 to + 125 °C.
A hi gh immunity of 1.5 V typ ical is provided from logic noise and
maximum resistance is 60 n. Prop-
agation delay time to logic state 0 is only 0.5 µ,s , and only 1 µ,s to logic state 1,
Other electrical characteristics include drain-to-gate and drainto-source capacitance of 6 pF, ON drain current of only 20 mA, and OFF drain current of just 1 nA. Total power dissipation is 75mW.
The CAG30 analog gate is available in a 10-lead T0-100 case. The CDR5 monolithic driver is also available separately in an eightlead T0-5 case.
Applications for the CAG30 analog gate include its use in multiplexing, video signal switching, digital gain control, store-and-hold circuits and integrator initiateand-reset circuits.
CIRCLE NO . 250

72

General Instrument Corp., 600 W.' John St., Hicksville, N. Y. Phone: ( 516) 733-3333. Price: $24 .1 5, $18.70.
A new unique two-package LSI system can provide the encoding and decoding of serial data for computer interface previously requiring at least 126 circuits. The AY~5-1008 terminal receiver and the AY-5-1010 terminal transmitter are compatible with TTL/ DTL and MOS devices. Both devices are available in 24-lead dual-in~line packages.
CIRCLE NO. 251

Unis em Corp., Trevos e, Pa. Phone : (215 ) 355-5000. Availability: stock.
Available with a 256-word by 12bit memory organization, the new UA2572 MOS static 3072-bit readonly memory accesses in 750 ns. Both its input and output are bipolar compatible, and no external pull-up resistors are required. Programmable chip select is avai lable for easy expansion. Operating temperature range is - 55 to +125 °C. The UA3572 is also available to operate from - 25 to +70°C.
CIRCLE NO. 253

Temperature-stable ICs compensate on-chip

F airchild S emiconductor, 313 Fairchild Dr., Mountain View, Calif. Phone : ( 415 ) 962-3563. P&A: $2.95 to $24.50; stock .
A new series of five low-cost E CL ICs incorporate unique onchi.p temperature compensation networks and non-saturating gate elements. These include the 9502 dual 4-input OR/ NOR gate, the 9503 triple 2-input OR/ NOR gate, the 9504 quad 2-input NOR gate, the 9528 dual data flip-flop and the 9581 8-input multiplexer.
CIRCLE NO . 252

Advanced Micro Devices, Inc., 901 Thompson Pl., Sunnyvale, Calif. Phone: (408) 782-2400. Price : $7 .70.
The AM2501 is a synchronous ly presettable binary hexidecimal up/ down counter with active pullu p outputs which features a 25-MHz clock frequency. The use of input clamp diodes minimizes adverse line reflection and si ngle-line up/ down control is also available. A carry look-ahead feature allows multistage countin g with no loss of speed.
CIRCLE NO . 254

ELECTRONIC D ESIGN 20, September 27, 1970

DATA PROCESSING

Quad interface ci rcuit steps from 5 to 12 V
Amelco Semiconductor, 1300 Terra Bella Ave., Mountain View, Calif. Phone: (415) 968-9241. P&A: $3 .80 to $9.80; stock.
Converting 5-V logic to 12-V logic, a new quad interface operates from low-level TTL or DTL circuits to drive 12-V 40-mA outputs. The model 363 buffer is a four-circuit device with two of the circuits having expander inputs. It is designed for driving lamps or other indicators at remote locations, or as a buffer to highnoise-immunity-logic circuits.
CIRCLE NO. 255

Long-term recorder records for 35 days
., .,
a 5
CouplerI controller
interfaces calculators

Seven MSI TTL ICs expand 7400 line
Fairchild Semiconductor, 313 Fairchild Dr., Mountain View, Calif. Phone: (415) 962-3563. Price: $4.10 to $8 .45.
Seven new TTL ceramic dual-inline l\'ISI devices expand the 7400 IC line. These are the 7480 gated full adder, the 7482 two-bit binary fu ll adder, the 7490 decade counter and the 7491 eight-bit shift register. Also included are the 7492 divide-by-12 counter, the 7493 four-bit binary counter and the 7475 quad latch. Six are supplied in 14-pin packages. The 7475 is supplied in a 16-pin package.
CIRCLE NO. 256

Pocket-size terminal has 15-key keyboard

MSI 256-bit memory converts alphabet codes
Signetics Corp., 811 E. Arques Ave., Sunnyvale, Calif. Phone: (408 ) 739-7700. P1·ice : $17 .
A new 256-bit MSI read-only memory, organized to read 32 eight-bit words, can be wire-OR'd for operation with TTL or DTL devices. The 8224 memory is programmed to convert the seven-bit ASCII alphabet code to the eightbit EBCDIC alphabet code and converts letters A through Z. It can convert both upper-case- and lower-case letters. Propagation delay is 50 ns and power dissipation is 310 mW.
CIR CLE NO . 257

Audio tape cassette repeats automatically

ELECTRONIC DESIGN 20, September 27, 1970

3M Co ., Instrument and Data Prnducts, 300 S. Lewis R d., Cama1·illo, Calif. P1·ice : $3400, $2100.
T he DPM-5 11 is a long-term event recorder that provides up to 35 days of cont inuous r ecord ing on a single car tridge. Its com panion DPM-521 rep r od ucer will play back a complete cartridge in two minutes, yielding a write-to-read time-base compression of up to 25,000 :1. Both use a magnetic-tape cartridge - s imilar to the pop ular cassette a nd pr ovide fo ur data tracks.
CIRCLE NO. 258
H ewlett-Packard, 1501 Page Mill R d., Palo Alto, Calif. P hone: ( 415) 326-7000. P&A : $1625; stock.
Commu nication between H ewlettPackard desktop calculator s and digital voltmeters, telepr inters and counters is provided by t he 2570A coupler/ cont roller. It allows formatted outputs with headings and labels on teleprinter s. Raw measurements are processed by t he calculator, displayed on its register and printed or typed out in ·a de~ sired format.
CIRCLE NO . 259
Fondiller Corp., 200 W . 58th St. New York, N . Y . Phone: (212) 586-6650. Price: $1 per day fo1 · rnntal.
"Tape It" is a t iny 15-oz 2 by 21/ 2 by 5-in. pocket-size computer terminal with a 15-key keyboard. It can reco r d all numbers and character s in computer code directly onto magnetic tape. It can record voice messages and has a built-in transmitter fo r usage with any telephone wit hout t he need of a modem.
CIRCLE NO. 260
Automated L earning, Inc., 1275 Bloomfield Ave., Fairfield, N. J.
Needing no spec ial equipment a new tape cassette operates with any recorder or player and repeats itself automatically. Simply drop the automatic repeating cassette into any player or recorder, and t he recorded message will be repeated over and over automatically w it h true fidelity. Pre-loaded automatic repeating cassettes in lengths from 1 to 20 m inutes are also avai lable.
CIRCLE NO. 261
73

COMPONEN TS
Silicon -target tube stores images 1 week

Flat pack transformer is a 0 .002-in. cube

Low-cost cermet trimmer has a 0.25-in. profile

Sylvania Electric Products Inc., 730 31·d Ave., New York, N. Y. A vailabilit'IJ: stock.
Using a monoJi.thic silicon target to provide image resolution of better than 1000 lines and to provide 12 minutes of retention for gray scale and 1 hour for black and white, the new 1.5-in.=dia SP5105 storage tube holds images for over a week with its beam t urned off. Its target may be scanned repeatedly without appreciable deterioration of stored information.
CIRCLE NO . 26 2
Variable rf capacitor withstands 5 kV

Bourns Pacific Magnetics Corp., 28151 Highway 74, Romoland, Calif. Phone: (714) 657-5195.
Model 4211-1007 is a miniature flatpack audio transformer measuring only 0.125 by 0.125 by 0.125 in. It has a frequency range of 4 to 40 kHz and a power rating of 10 mW at 20 kHz. Operating tem-
perture range is - 65 to + 105 °C
and primary and secondary impedance is 10 kn. The transformer includes an electrostatic shield, a laminated core and ribbon-type leads.
CIRCLE NO. 2 64
One-in.-cube de motor supplies 10-W output

Beckman Instruments, Inc. 2500 Harbor Blvd., Fullerton, Calif. Phone : (714) 871-4848. P&A: $1.39; stock.
Priced at $1.35, the new series 89 15-turn cermet trimming potentiometer has a low profile of 0.25in. high. Resistances range from 10 n to 2 Mn, power rating is 0.75 Wand linearity is ±0.05 %. Standard temperature coefficient is
± 100 ppm/°C in the 100 a to 2-
Mn range. Special temperature coefficients of ± 50 ppm/° C are available.
CIRCLE NO. 266
Compact 2pdt PC relay is only 0.225-in. high

Kilovac Corp., P.O. Box 4422, Santa Barbarn, Calif. Phone: (805) 963 -4293.
Spanning the capacitance range of 5 to 500 pF, the KVC-2/ Sl vacuum variable capacitor, developed under license from EEV Co. Ltd., has a peak rf voltage rating of 5 kV at any capacitance setti ng. It will carry a continuous r ms current of 40 A at frequencies up to 27 MHz. Capacitance is va ried by rotating a 0.25-in. shaft whi ch covers the full capacitance range in 19 turns.
CIRCLE NO. 263
74

Inland Motor Corp., Radford, Va. The NT0716 is a one-in.-cube de
torque motor rated at a peak torque of 7 oz-in. and a 10-W continuous shaft power output. It weighs less than 3 oz, has an acceleration rate of 53,000 rad /sec2, and an electric time constant of 0.36 ms. Four-magnet high-energy alnicostator construction and the use of silver graphite brushes allow for low cogging at low input currents. The rotor assembly is completely encapsulated.
CIRCLE NO . 26 5

-
. /..,

.
........

~/ l<;i~h7
I.·'\.

.. ·~.r·-...:./
T eledyne R elays, 3155 W. El Segundo Blvd., Hawthorne, Calif. Phone: (213) 679-2205. P&A: $29.95 ,.- stock.
Reducing height above PC boards by 35%, the Centigrid series 112 two-pole · double-throw relay measures only 0.225-in. high. It has a square shape of 0.137 in. to a side, and contains eight leads spaced on 0.1-in. centers. Six choices are avai lable in coil voltages from 5 to 26.5 V de. The Centigrid relay permits greater packaging densities on printed-circuit boards.
CIRCLE NO. 267

ELECTRONIC DESIGN 20, September 27, 1970

MODULES & SUBASS EMBLIES

Monolithic op amp lowers bias to 10 nA
' I
1-in.3 active filters perform to 500 kHz
Caption modules display 6 areas
Fast-slewing op amp settles in 0.6 µs

Burr-Brown Research Corp., International Airpo1·t, Industrial Park, Tucson, Ariz. Phone: (602 ) 2941431. P&A: $10; stock.
With the use of a cancellation technique, the model 3500 monolit hic operational amplifier reduces its input bias current to 10 nA and t hermal drift to 0.3 nA/° C. A slew rate of 1.5 V/ µ,s is accomplished by a feedback loop that senses the instantaneous input current and supplies the appropriate compensating current.
CIRCLE NO. 268
Optical Electronics, Inc., P.O. Box 11140, Tucson, Ariz. Phone : ( 602 ) 624-8358. P&A: $87, $189, $295; stock.
Packaged in 1-cubic-in. modules and compatible with 0.6-in. dualin-line sockets, the 3700 series of state-variable active filters offers independent Q and gain adjustments with performance up to 500 kHz. The 3704 (de to 5 kHz ) , the 3705 (de to 40 kHz) and the 3706 ( de to 500 kHz )_ have identical pin layouts.
CIRC LE NO. 269
Dialight Corp., 60 Stewart Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y.
The new series 711 caption mod-
ules provide a high degree of
flexibi lity to numeric readouts by displaying from one to six lighted areas, either singly or in combination. The display is seen through the same viewing window as the digital portion harmoniously, and is of equal brightness. Error-free reading is possible at up to 30 feet. Incandescent lamps of 5, 6, 14 and 16 V are used.
CIRCLE NO. 270
Dynamic Measurem ents Co1'P., 108 Summer St., Arlington, Mass. Phone : ( 617) 648-3610 . P&A: $37 to $50: stock.
Featuring a maximum settling time of 0.6 µ,s to 0.01 % of final value and a maximum recovery time from overload of l µ,s, the model FST-152 differential FET operational amplifier s lews at 75 V/ µ,s. It has a minimum de gain of 150,000 and a common-mode rejection ratio of 10,000. The amplifier uses 6-dB / octave response shaping.
CIRCLE NO . 271

ELECTRO IC DES IG 20, September 27 , 1970

Chopper op amp slashes price to $45
Analog Devices, Inc., 221 5th St., Cambridge, Mass . Phone : ( 617 ) 492-6000. P&A: $45 to $75; stock.
The model 233J chopper-stabi lized operational amplifier with voltage drift of 1 µ,V/° C crashes the price barrier by sell ing for only $45. Specifications include a 500kHz bandwidth, 4-kHz fu ll-power response and current drift of 2 pA/° C. Initial offset voltage is a low 50 µ, V. Other versions ( K and L ) are available with voltage drifts of 0.3 and 0.1 µ,V /° C, respectively.
CIRCLE NO. 272
Dia 9-bit converter works 1 million times/s
Data T echnology Corp., 1050 E. Meadow Circle, Palo Alto, Calif. Phone : ( 415 ) 321-0551. P&A: $350; 6 to 8 w ks.
The model 6439 9-bit d/ a converter operates glitch-free at up to 1 million conversions/ second. Settling time is 500 ns and full -scale output is ± 10 V into a 2-k:n load. The new converter is packaged on a double printed-circuit board with a single-edge 44-pin connector. Overall dimensions are 4.5 by 3.33 by 0.75 in.
CIRCLE NO. 273
High-impedance op amp drives cost down to $10
Polyt1'0n Devices, Inc., 844 E. 25 St., Pcite1·son, N. J. Phone : (2 01 ) 523-5000. P&A: $10; stock .
Featuring a voltage gain of 50,000, an input resistance of 10 12
n and offset current of 5 pA, the
P201C operational amplifier costs only $10. Other features include a voltage drift of 35 µ, V/° C, an output voltage of ± 11 V and output current of ± 5.5 mA. Gain-bandwidth product is 1 MHz (minimum ) , full-power output fr equency is 5 kHz (minimum ) and input capacitance is 4 pF.
CIRC LE NO. 27 4
75

INSTRUMENTATION
CRT display system shows data in color

Phase jitter meter tests data lines

MICROWAVES & LASERS
100-mW 14-GHz impatts retail as low as $14

· ·

e ···

Telonic Industries, Inc., · 21282 Laguna Canyon Rd., Laguna B each, Calif. Phone: (714) 494-9401. P&A: from $39 50; 30 to 60 days.
Designated model 203, a new CRT display system provides information in full color with separate · X and Y channels and 3 zaxis intens ity-modulated channels (one for each color). Up to three input signals may be simultaneously displayed on its 8 by 10-in. view ing area. Input sensitivity ranges from 100 µ V/ in. to 50 V/i n.
CIRCLE NO. 275

H ekimian Laboratories, Inc., 322 N. StOnestr.eet Ave., Rockville, Md. Phone: (3 01 ) 424-3160. P&A: $2450 or $2610; stock to 45 days.
A new instrument, which is avai lable in portable or rack-mounted vers ions for trouble-shooting voicefrequency data communications circuits, can measure phase jitter, phase hit, gain hit and line dropouts. The model 45 phase-jitter meter checks peak-to-peak and average phase jitter up to 30 degrees with ± 1-degree accuracy.
CIRCLE NO. 277

H ewlett-Packard Co., 1501 P.age Mill Rd., Palo Alto, Calif. Phone : ( 415) 326-7000 . P&A: $14; stock.
Generating 160 mW with 3 % ef-
ficiency in t he frequency range of 5 to 14 GHz, the 5082-0430 impatt diodes are priced at $14 each (quantities of 100). They are available in three frequency ranges of : 5 to 9- GHz, 8 to 12 GHz and 10 to 14 GHz. Any of the diodes can operate outside its specified frequency range at reduced power and efficiency.
CIRCLE NO. 279

Autoranging counter retails at $1250

Digital panel meter is 0.01 % accurate

Double-balanced mixer is just a T0-5 can

Monsanto Electronic Instruments, "620 Passaic Ave., W. Caldwell, N. J. Phone : (201) 228-3800. P&A: $1250; Septemb er, 1970.
Ranging in frequency from 0.1 Hz to 20 MHz, the 107A reciprocaltaking counter with five-di git resolution retails at $1250. It automati cally displays the correct deci mal point and range indication and uses a readout whose half-life is 100 years. A price of $950, given in the Aug. 16 issue of ELECTRONIC DESIGN; was erroneous ly quoted by the manufacturer.
CIRCLE NO . 276
76

Electro-Numerics Corp., 2961 Corvin Dr., Santa Clam, Calif . Phone: ( 408 ) 738-1840. P&A: $335; stock.
The model 3304 digital panel meter combines four digits and a 20 % -over-range · digit (full-scale r eadings of 12000 ) , and low cost with 0.01 % accuracy. Options include automatic polarity, full y buffered BCD outputs, portable battery operation, differential input, and 10 and 1-µ,V resolution preamplifiers. A wide-range zero offset can suppress the meter zero up to 6000 counts.
CIRCLE NO. 278

Anzac Electronics, 39 Green St., Waltham, Mass. Phone: ( 617 ) 8991900 . P&A: $55; stock to 4 wks.
The MAC-51 is a tiny doublebalanced mixer for the rf range of 2 to 500 MHz, housed in a T0-5 can. All its three ports are mutually interchangeable within their frequency ranges for large and small-signal inputs and sum and difference outputs. Isolation is 25 dB at 500 MHz and 35 dB at 50 MHz. Single-sideband conversion loss is 7 dB.
CIRCLE NO. 280

ELECTRON IC D ES IGN 20, September 27, 1970

TOOLS & ENGINEERING AIDS
Compass for layouts doubles as calipers

PACKAGING & MATERIALS
Flexible circuits can go to 200°c

STONEHENGE·
MYSTERY SOLVED?

Titan Tool Supply Co., Inc., 68 Comet Ave., Bu/Jello, N. Y. Phone: (716) 873-9907 . Price: $36.65 to
$132. A new compass for high-preci-
sion layout work can be accurately set directly on its own vernier cale, thus saving the time and difficulty of transferring measurements from a ruler or vernier calipers and eliminating the need for expensive layout machines. Six mod els range in lengths from 6 to 36 rn . with diameters from 12 to 72 in.
CIRCLE NO. 281
Re-usable breadboard needs no drilling

Hamby Corp., Richard Capell Co., i8876 Ventu1·a Blvd., Ta?'Zana, Calif.
Designed for use in ex.treme temperatures, new fine-line circuits on metal-clad ba e materials can operate from cryogenic temperatures to temperatures in excess of 200 °C. Standard materials include copper, nickel, stain less and copper-nickel alloys; base materials include polyimide, epoxy glass, Mylar and Teflon. Special materials are also available.
CIRCLE NO. 283
Molded sockets accept 40-lead DIPs
==

SOLVED·
HOWlOPACK 100,000 pF
IN A 50 MIL SQUARE CHIP CAPACllOR

Circuit Accesso1·ies Co., Div. of Power/ Mate Corp., 514 S. River St ., Ha ckensack, N.J. Plwne: (201) 843-6294 . Price: $1.95 to $3.75.
An epoxy-fiberglass board with wide copper channels forms the new low-cost Experi / Board, reusable breadboarding aid for engineers and experimenters. Discrete and IC components can be soldered directly to its lift-resistant copper lands with no drilling or mounting necessary. Six sizes and styles are available.
CIRCLE NO . 282

Barnes Corp., 24 N. Lansdowne Ave., Lansdowne, Pa. Phone : (2 15)
622-1525 . - The - 121-10 series of molded sockets can accept 24 to 40-lead dual-in-line--devices. They will acce-pt alf standard MSi-and LSI devices with eithe r 0.5 or 0.6-in. s1:iacing between rows, with 0.1-in. spacing between leads and with m-inimum lead ·length · of 0.115 in . Contacts on the sockets have a wiping action again t the side of the leads to assure positive contact.
CIRCLE NO. 284

LECTRONIC DESIG 20, September 27, 1970

1 NORDEN LANE, HUNTINGTON STATION, N.Y. 11746 516/ 271-9600 ·TWX 510·226-6993
INFORMATION RETRIEVAL NUMBER 53 77

Evaluation samples

PC-board clips
The MC15 Digi-Klips are PCboard clips designed for positive contact in miniature printed-circuit boards. They were developed for use with 0.092-in.-thick circuit boards and are made of berylliumcopper heat-treated wire. A DigiKlip mounts in two 0.021-in.-dia

holes spaced 0.3 in. apart. Norma l spacin g for a Digi-Klip is 0.1 or 0.156 in., but spacin g of 0.078 in. is possible for high-density applications. A smooth spherical surface on each clip assures reliable contact and a burnishing action of the mating-tab connection. Each is normally supplied with a bright dip finish and can be s upplied at an extra cost with tin electroplatin g or gold platin g. Samples are available. Com ponents Corp .
CIRCLE NO . 285

Rfi gasketing

··· with Tempo's new voltage-sensitive relay, designed tor maximum versatility
in applications where voltage is critical.

Sticky Fingers are berylliumcopper rfi gasketing strips with adhesive surfaces that provide firm long-lasting bonds between mating surfaces. They ensure effective rfi/emi sealing and shi elding between surfaces exposed to magnetic, electric, plane-wave and microwave fields. Adhesives used meet the r equirements of various military specifications for exposure, water, fuel and temperature resistance, and edge, shear and peel resistance. Two test reports are available w ith deta iled description s of test cond it ion s and setups evalu ating Sticky Fingers strips. In ad dition, a catalog showin g a comp lete range of s izes and styles p lu s free samples are available. Instrument Spec ialities Co., Inc.
CIRCLE NO. 286

Here is a unique semiconductor device 60Hz and 400Hz, 115-volt AC models are

incorporating built-in signal sensing , con- available in either 1 or 3-phase types,

ditioning and comparator

and are particularly suited

circuits plus a relay or solid

for applications with MIL-

state output. It can be used

ENERGIZED

STD-704 power systems and

v for sensing and signaling an
over or under-voltage condition, compared to a pre-set

t l

inverters. They meet or exceed all applicable requirements of MIL-R-5757 and

reference value - or, it can

DE-ENERGIZED

MIL-R-6106. DC models are

be utilized to operate within

also available, for standard

a pre-set voltage band , pro-

DE-EN~GIZED

inputs of 28-volts or 5-volt

viding an output signal for

IC supplies. The unit is pack-

v alarm or load disconnection
when the voltage varies from

ENERGIZED

aged in a hermetically-sealed case, and is designed to op-

the band limits by as little as

erate under rugged environ-

±2V2%. Built-In hysteresis

DE-ENE.RGIZED

mental conditions, including

prevents output relay chatter.

temperatures up to 100 °c .

Models can be supplied with

Complete tech data is yours

2 I ' internal time delay to avoid false alarms for the asking . Send for it today, and start
caused by normal line voltage transients. putting an end to your voltage problems. Talk to Tempo When You W·ntto nme, Switch, Sen·e o.Cont,ol

TBMPO INSTRUMBNT DIVISION
Allen Electric and Equipment Company
PLAINVIEW, N.Y. 11803 · 516-694-4400

Modem ICs
Six integrated circuits which make up the heart of a modem system and cost $39.40 when purchased together are available on a buy-and-use-first decide-I a t e r whether-to-pay basis. The s ix integrated circuits are: the Motorola MC 1488L quad line driver and the Motorola MC 1489L quad line reeciver, both which meet EIA specification R S232C; the Motorola MC1437L and MC1458G dual operational a mplifiers fo r active fil te r s; t he Motorola MC1445G/ L dual-input low-impedance frequency-shift keyer with an emitter-follower output stage; and the ultra-stab le Motorola MC1550G tone generator. Schweber Electronics.
CIRCLE NO. 287

INFORMATION RETRll:VAL NUMBER 54

78

ELECTRON IC D ES IGN 20. September 27. 1970

Design Aids

- " DRAFTING TIME CALCULATOR - ,, ~

,. c==· ::::-

~

'r-- I -;-f:-;;.;--· ~: .

.

-~

~

.. CT!:..'":!'..::..-.·1 ·I··-

_l=

7

Drafting calculator
A new drafting-time calculator sli de ru le provides a fast and accurate method of estimatin g t he time it takes to make an engineering drawing. Two simple settings of this new slide ru le, wh ich costs only $5, establish parameters, delineate variables a nd directly convert t hese into hours. Adjacent to t he appropriate drawing size is the estimated drawing time. A logarithmic scale is provided for mu lt iplications of hours by dollars / hour. C&R Design.
CIRCLE NO . 288

Transistors
A ne:vv trans{stor cross-reference guide lists the latest p lastic transistors which are the nearest equivalents to more than 400 standard industry 2N types. It contains a two-co lor pamphlet that folds out in an accordion-like manner to form 18 panels, each measuring 7 by 3-1/2 in. In addition to the transi sto r listings, the names and addres es of stocking distributor are given. Fairchi ld Semiconductor.
CIRCLE NO. 289
ELECTRONIC DESIGN 20, September 27. 1970

INFORMATION RETRIEVAL NUM BER 55
79

Ill~ t~Al~l~l~lll~

OF FALSE ECONOMY IN DO-IT-YOURSELF AID CONVERTERS

Most engineers recognize that high accuracy A/D converters (12 bits and up)

are most economical when purchased as finished products from specialized

manufacturers.

Sometimes, however, it is tempting to make converters "in-house" when

lesser accuracy is required (Sor 10 bits).

This is partly because if one considers only the obvious costs (parts, assembly

time, etc .) the trade-offs seem attractive. Often overlooked, however, are the

"hidden costs" such as test and inventory, "de-bugging" time, calibration time,

etc. Also, lead time on parts may become critical, jeopardizing an entire program.

The key, of course, is quantity. Our experience indicates that the point

at which it becomes profitable to build your own converter is around 750 units

per year . For 8 or 10 bit applications, we recommend our fully calibrated, tested

and guaranteed, ADC-8H or ADC-JOH. A free pamphlet suggesting some things

to consider regarding in-house·converter manufacturer is available from Analog

Devices on request along with comprehensive data on the ADC-H series con-

verters. Use the reader service card or contact your nearest Analog Devices

Sales Office.

CAPSULE SPECS

Digital Control Inputs: TTL, DTL Compatible

Analog Input Options: 0 to +10V, 0 to +5V

0 to -10V, ±10V, ±5V

Digital Output Options: (a) Parallel binary (TTL)

(b) Serial binary (TTL)

Accuracy:

±1LSB

Size:

2" x 4" x 0.4"

Price: ( 1-9)

$195. (ADC-SH), $225. (ADC-10H)

(10-24)

$1S6. (ADC-SH), $214. (ADC-10H)

r'lll Ai~ALOG Ill

L.111 DEVICES~ PASTORIZA DIVISION 385 Elliot St.. Newton Upper Falls, Mass. 617 / 332-2131

INFORMATION RETRIEVAL NUMBER 56

Where reliability really counts!

The reliability of Zenith Flat-Face Metal CRTs is demonstrated by their extensive use in enroute air traffic control cen-

APPllCBllOD
Notes
"'JtjJ
Emi shielding theory
The relationship between emi filtering and shielding is discussed and illustrated in a new twelvepage brochure. It tells why lowfrequency magnetic fields and high-frequency plane-wave f ields are usually the predominant sh ielding problems of absorption, reflection and leakage through discontinuities. A design guide for emi gaskets, derived from the presented theory, is a lso included. Metex Corp.
CIRCLE NO. 290
Pulse motors
A new 82-page manual covers the theory, application and maintenance of electric and electrohydraulic pulse motors. Extensive analytical material is presented with graphical representations and performance curves. Included is empirical data on the performance of eleven models of pu lse motors under varying conditions of speed, torque, inertial load and other parameters. Detailed electrical and mechanical guidelines are included. Icon Corp.
CIRCLE NO. 291

ters and airports. When safety depends on reliabi I ity, Zenith is specified! Shouldn't you take advantage of Zenith CRT quality in your application? Write for details.
ZENITH RADIO CORPORATION
THE RAULAND DIVISION 5616 W . JARVIS AVE.· CHICAGO, ILL. 60648 · 312-647-8000

Op amp settling time
E leven pages of a sixteen-page article are devoted to a discussion of operational amplifier settling time. Reviewed is the need for amplifier settling performance of
better t han 0.01 % of final valu e
in 1 µ,s . Linear and nonlinear factors affecting settling time are explored, and suggestions are offered for maximizing settling performance in circuits based on operational amplifiers. Graphical methods of specifying settling time are included. Analog Devices, Inc.

CIRCLE NO . 292

INFORMATION RETRIEVAL NUMBER 57

80

ELECTRONIC DESIGN 20, September 27. 1970

Schmitt trigger
Report CA-152 is a seven-page application report on the TTL Schmitt trigger i.ntegrated-circu it. It explains the benefits of using monolithic IC Schmitt triggers in place of discrete wired circuits. Six different applicatio.ns, with circuit diagrams and operating waveforms for each, are given. Texas Instruments Inc.
CIRCLE NO . 293
Thin-films in CATV
"Two-Way Repeater Station Utilizing Hybrid Thin-Film Amplifier" is the title of a technical pa per that reports on microelectronic circuit design of hybrid thin-film push-pull integrated-circuit amplifiers. The amplifiers are for use in CATV systems repeater and two-way tran smission stati on s. The six-page well-ill ustrated paper was delivered at the
ation a l Ca ble Television Association Convention in Chicago and was received with enthusiasm. Anaconda Electronics Co.
CIRCLE NO. 294
Stepper motors
Valua ble information for the systems engineer and designer is conta ined in a 40-page guide whi ch r eviews the theor y of operation of stepper a nd cont r ol motors. It descri bes motor excitation, select ion factors, applications, and incl udes a glossar y of stepper motor terms. The guide is complete wit h illu strat ions, diagrams, t ables and usefu l fo rmulas. A separate section contains a catalog of stepper motors wit h t heir electrical and mechanical pecifications, per fo rma nce curves, dime ns ional drawi ngs a nd wirin g data. I MC Magnetics Cor p.
CIRCLE NO . 295
E LECT RON IC D ESIGN 20, Se pt embe r 27, 1970

76.4~of
the time EG&G will have the photodiode
you need.

Nobody's perfect.
But with the introduction of a number of new photodiode types, including the SGD 040 silicon diffused photodiode, EG&G now
has the most complete line of photodiodes available. The low price of the new SGD 040 makes it especially suitable for OEM applications or anywhere else an inexpensive silicon photodiode is required.
All EG&G silicon diffused photodiodes feature wide spectral range, high sensitivity, fast response and low noise characteristics. Applications include CW, pulsed light and laser detection and measurement, star tracking, optical navigation, communication, guidance and range-finding systems.
Our catalog covers specification and performance details on all EG&G photodiodes. For your free copy write EG&G Inc., 170 Brookline Ave., Boston, Mass. 02215. Or call 617-267-9700.

Types

Features

Photoconductive ond photovoltaic Bicells ond quadrants 1.06µ detectors Linear ond matrix orrays Phatadiade/ amplifier /logic Coaled phatadiades Cal ibrated photodiodes Custom configurations

Rel iability High quantum efficiency Nanosecond response Low noise Wide spectral range Linea rity Law OEM casts Diffused p·i-n structure

J1~ L!=!.f!li?ucTS 01v1s10N
INFORMATION RETRIEVAL NUMBER 58
81

New Literature

Re.antTest

Are the instruments in your lab the latest and most accurate available? Do you have all the equipment necessary to handle peak work loads? Does it provide enough versatility to take care of special requirements? Are you able to keep it in use during a respectable portion of the 8-hour day?
If you hesitated before answering yes, maybe yo u should think about putting RENTAL to the test. R.E.I. gives you a wide choice of the latest equipment, precision-calibrated and in perfect wo rking condition. You can have as much as you need, when you need it, and you can keep it only as long as you need it.
R.E. I. can give you the fastest service, the widest selection and the lowest rates of any rental firm in the country. One of our inventory centers is located near you, wherever you are, for instant delivery. Let us tell you more about the many advantages of renting vs. buying . Send today for your free copy of the new R.E. I. Instrument Renta l Handbook.

Amplifiers Analyzers Attenuators Bridges Cameras Counters Detectors

Filters

Power Supplies

Generators

Recorders

Meters

Sources

Oscillators

Stroboscopes

Oscilloscopes Synthesizers

Plug-In Units Test Chambers

Generator/Synchronizer

INSTANT INSTRUMENTS FROM THESE INVENTORY CENTERS :

Waltham, Mass. 02154 69 Hickory Drive (617) 891-7610-Telex 923472
Anaheim, Calif. 92801 159 East Freedom Ave. (714) 879-0561-Te lex 655473
Gaithersburg, Md. 20760 16600 Oakmont Ave. (301) 948-0620-Telex 898446

--UNTAL
CATMOG 1970

Rosemont, Ill. 60018 5607 Pearl St. (312j 671 -2464-Telex 726488
Ft. Lauderdale, Fla. 33308 4808 N.E. 10th Ave. (305) 771-3500-Telex 51-4467

Dallas, Texas 75207 1341 Crampton St. (214) 638-4180
Te lex 732617

MORE INVENTORY CENTERS COMING SOON

Rental Electronics
inc.
A QEPSl(Q LEASING COMPANY

INFORMATION RETRIEVAL NUMBER 59
82

Power conditioning
The 20-page "Power Conditioning Data Handbook and Product Index" booklet contains theoreti: cal and practical descriptions of basic power-conditioning concepts, comparisons (with graphs and charts) and a delineation of products available utilizing standard engineering techniques. ·wanlass E lectric Co.
CIRCLE NO. 340

Components
Over 5000 new precision mechanical components are among the 35,000 components listed in this 446-page catalog with an easy-touse thumb index to identify groups of similar components. A comprehensive technical section is included providing information about design and performance of precision components. PIC Design Corp.
CIRCLE NO. 296
Electronic hardware
Just issued, a 32-page catalog lists a11 specifications of a complete line of standard component holders, clips, circuit-board holders and other electronic hardware. Special sizes and shapes required for unusual applications are discussed. Atlee Corp.
CIRCLE NO . 297
Relays
"Technical Data TR-3" describes an entire line of miniature reedtype relays including several new types, and gives electrical and mechanical specifications. Thermosen, Inc.
CIRCLE NO. 298
Plug-in IC hardware
A 32-page catalog describes logic hardware, software and w1rmg services for plug-in dual-in-line integrated circuits. Electronic Engineering Co. of Calif.
CIRC LE NO . 29 9

ICs and semiconductors
A complete line of integrated circuits and semiconductors for hybrid microelectronic fabricators is detailed in a catalog. These include the related advanced products of a number of manufacturers. Semiconductor devices, digital and analog integrated circuits and memory networks are covered. Starnetics Co.
CIRCLE NO . 341
54/74 ICs
A 52-page publication gives descriptions of 54 / 74 integrated circuits including information about electrical characteristics, logic diagrams, and pin configuration. Recommended operating conditions are also indicated. The brochure is abundantly illustrated, with 20 pages of diagrams and schematic drawings showing test circuits and voltage waveforms. Fairchild Semiconductor.
CIRCLE NO . 342
PC drafting aids
This 20-page catalog contains thousands of shapes, patterns and conductor line tapes for use in the production of precision PC master artwork layouts. Features include donuts, tees, elbows, universal corners, teardrops, ovals, connector contacts, spaced integrated-circuit pad sets and registrations marks. By-Buk Co.
CIRCLE NO. 34 3

ELECTRONIC D ESIGN 20, September 27 , 1970

Sweep generators
A 72-page cat a 1o g out 1in es specifications of sweep generators, rf attenuators and other related rf components. Also included is an eight page technical section explaining signal flatness, linearity, isolation and effective sweep generator measurement procedures. Texscan Corp.
CIRCLE NO. 344

\N'Esccl CAPACITORS

Technical papers
Four technical papers are avai lable. They include "Philosophy and design of MSI," "A comparison of solid-state subcarrier oscillators for color TV receivers," "An integrated-circuit age i-f amplifier" and "Temperature-compensated ECL." E'airchild Semiconductor.
CIRCLE NO. 347

Thermal instruments

A comprehensive, illustrated 20page bulletin covering a complete line of thermal instruments and systems is now available. The bulletin contains six pages of thermal and solar-energy conversion tables, a unique thermal radiation nomograph, plus numerous other charts, graphs and tables which are helpful for heat and temperature engineering. Hy-Cal Engineering.
CIRCLE NO . 345

,~----------

1 CERAMIC CAPACITORS

I

WITH SUPERIOR

I TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT

l
'

Capacitors
Film-foil and metallized capacitors are featured in a polyethylene-bound catalog. Seven product lines are described in detail and feature precision-type capacitors. Wesco Electrical Co., Inc.
CIRCLE NO . 346
GUARANTEED UNIFORMITY IN ELECTRICAL, PHYSICAL
CHARACTERISTICS

Connectors
A 32-page fully-illustrated catalog features rack-and-panel connectors for signal and coaxial conductors with either crimp or solder contacts. Both metal-shelled and general-purpose shell-less connectors are shown along w ith modularframe connectors, hood and latch hardware and hand and semi-automatic installation tooling. Burntly Corp.
CIRCLE NO. 348
r----------------,
TWO, NEW POWERFUL CERAMAG8 FERRITE MATERIALS

24H 5000 PERM

24K 7500 PERM

· Available in range of 0.1 to 10 pico· farads. · Tolerances of 5%-10%-20%, at rated working voltage of 500V DC.
· Temperature coefficient is ± 2% for values of 0.1 to 5.1 pf over a temperature range of -55° C to 85° C.
· Only ± 3% temperature coefficient for values of 5.1 to 10.0 for temperatures ranging from -55° Cto + 85° C.
· Power factor less than 1% at 1 megacycle at less than 80% RH. · Write for bulletin.

· Available in 2, 1, 1/2 and 1f.i watt sizes. · Uniform from resistor to resistor, order to order. · 100% tested for resistance value.
· Solderability, load life and humidity. temperature characteristic checked. · Impregnated to assure moisture resistance. · Write for literature.

· True 5000 and 7500 permeability ratings.
· Both 24H and 24K stay at designated perm over a wide range of sizes.
· Curie point for 24H and 24K is 175°C, typical .
· Precision engineered materials pro· duced through exact processing, density checks and controls.
· Terrific inductance in a small size.
· Residual magnetism is 850 (24HI and 700 !24Kl gauss.
· Write for data about these production materials.

0> STACKPOLE
CARBON COMPANY
Electronic Components Division St. Marys, Pa. 15857

INFORMATION RETRIEVAL NUMBER 60

INFORMATION RETRIEVAL NUMBER 61

ELECTRONI C DtoSIGN 20, September 27, 1970

INFORMATION RETRIEVAL NUMBER 62
83

SPACERS STANDOFFS
SHIPPED SAME DAY FROM STOCK
MIL

NEW LITE RATUR E
The '~APIORAW" Sys.te-m
J
Direct Drafttng with Koh I Noor Rap1dograph Techmcal Fountatn Pens
and Orawmg Ink on film
........<C·>O····- ....... .,_,.,.......
-O<OUOOOll·"·"""_,,"._ _,.,...,.,... o...........
..., ...,o...,· .,.,...... _ ····-u.-o
Drafting system
Organized and assembled in a 12-page color brochure, all t he major advantages, savings, procedures and instructions for the "Rapidraw" system of drafting are presented in simple, readable but highly technical form. Koh-INoor.
CIRCLE NO. 349

ELECTRONICS CORPORATION

37 GREAT JONES ST. · NEW YORK . N.Y. 10012

12121 777-6571

TWX 710-581 -493 0

Motors

A 40-page precision motor cata- -IN-FO-RM-AT-ION-R-ET-RIEV-AL-NU-M-BER- 6-3 -· log, featuring fractiona l-horsepow-

~ ~ WALL

Soldering evireornys ufoser

er synchronous, non-synchronous, and motor gearheads for computer peripheral equipment is avai lable. It describes induction, torque and various special non-synchronous

Specify Wallbrand fo r top value

- choose from such " firsts" as

, the IDL (Instant Heat), DH (Duo

Heat) and XLS (9 interchange-

able elements), plus numer-

ous other penciIs, irans and

guns for many metal

joining jobs. All

·

Wall products

are made in

U.S.A.

motors, gear motors, generators, tachometers and servomotors. I nstrument S)'.stems Corp.
CIRCLE NO. 361
Filters
This 16-page catalog features

general, application, and specifi-

cation data on high-frequency, but-

ton-style and advanced-version fil-

ters. Also shown are performance

curves and teminal configurations.

The Potter Co.

CIRCLE NO. 362

Probes
A 12-page catalog describes over 200 probes and other special-purpose equipment used for measuring temperature, total and static pressure, velocity and flow direction of fluids, gases, and liquids at any point in a flow stream. The catalog includes photos, drawings, technical data and price lists. United Sensor and Control Corp.
CIRCLE NO. 364
CRTs
A 20-page illustrated catalog provides important data on over 100 cathode-ray tubes for industrial and military applications. The catalog is both a guide to specific cathode-ray tubes and a demonstration of capability for the design and manufacture of CRT's for special applications. Westinghouse.
CIRCLE NO . 354
Component selector
Highlighted in a 36-page shortform catalog are components including resistors, rheostats/ potentiometers, trimmers, potentiometers, tap switches, variable transformers, relays, solid-state power controls, rf chokes and various design aids . Ohmite Mfg. Co .
CIRCLE NO. 355
FETs
Conveniently printed on 8-1/2 by 11-in. cards is a side-by-side listing of FET specifications and prices. A designer can quickly pick the proper FET of his choice depending on his application and budget. Siliconix Inc.
CIRCLE NO . 356

DESO LDE RE R
SEND FOR CATALOG l-669A
WALL MANUFACTURING CO.
Dept. ED-90 Box 3349 Kinston, N. C. 28501
INF ORM AT ION RET RIEV A L N UMBER 64
84

Thermistors
A 32-page catalog has complete information and specifications on a comprehensive line of thermistors . The catalog contains many curves and tables, definitions and application notes. Gulton Industries, Inc.
CIRCLE NO. 36 3

Ceramic capacitors
A 28-page full-color catalog provides specifications, performance data and application notes on chip, axial-lead tubu lar, radial-lead, axiallead rectangular and radial-lead dipped capacitors. Illinois Tool Works, Inc.
CIRCLE NO. 3 57

ELECTRONIC DESIGN 20, September 27, 1970

Bulletin board
of product news and developments

Co1~ning Glass Works has introduced a new devitrifying solder gl1ass for sealing IC packages. Designed specifically for sealing alumina ceramics, the new glass known as Code 7588 is available as a powder in a variety of mesh sizes with or without coloring additives. Sealing is accomplished at temperatures under 500 ° C, when used for thin seals.

In response to a petition by Micro-Link Products/ Varian Solid State Div., the Federal Communications Commission has amended its rules to permit the use of a new subscriber television service known as STV in the 2150 to 2160-MHz band. The system consists of a traveling-wave-tube TV transmitter and a microwave down-converter for use with standard TV receivers. It can be used by anyone wishing to provide closed-circuit TV programs within a transmission radius of about 20 miles. Receivers are remotely tu r.ned on or off by means of coded signals to assure closedcircuit operation of the system.
LCAP (Linear Circuit Analysis Program) is a new computer-aided design tool for ac and de circuit analysis. Circuits of up to 100 nodes and 400 branches can be accommodated with the new program. It performs both worstcase and Monte Carlo s imulations and retains standard engineering conventions a ll owing an engineer with .no programming experience to make use of it. LCAP contains 28 basic commands and is a development of On-Line Systems, Inc., of New York, N.Y.
CIRCLE NO . 358

What multi-point switch is so reliable that more than 20 million closures per crosspoint are common?

The Cunningham Crossbar

This high performance, electromechanical switch assures long life with minimum signal distortion for the full range of switching applications-from very low voltage up to 1000 volts. A unique contact structure is the main reason for the crossbar's reliability. Twin gold contacts, high tension, low mass and friction levels, self-wiping action ... all assure superb low-level switching down to micro-volt level-at high speed. Inherent in the crossbar design is exceptional isolation of each signal path from other paths and from the control circuits. The crossbar is not susceptible to major failure from erroneous voltages or circuit breakdownnor to chain type failures as in solid state circuitry. Two matrix patterns: Type A for group-to-group switching ; Type F for group-to-one switching . Each covers a specific segment

of data acquisition or broadband switching and is readily programmable by every control device from tape to direct computer input. Uses include: · Switching video, radar and
antenna signals. · Memory and logic functions . · Machine tool programming. · Data acquisition systems
such as outputs from straingages, transducers, thermocouples, component test devices, or where signal levels are in the micro-volt range. Write or phone for Bulletin No. 130, Cunningham Corporation , 10 Carriage Street, Honeoye Falls, New York 14472. Phone (716) 624-2000.
Cunningham Corporation
SUBSIDIARY OF GLEASON WORKS

ELECTRON IC D ESIGN 20, September 27, 19 70

INFORMATION RETRIEVAL NUMBER 65
85

Electronic Design Design Data from

ELECTRONIC DESIGN'S function is:
· To aid progress in the electronics manufacturing industry by promoting good design.
· To give the electronic design engineer concepts and ideas that make his job easier and more productive.
· To provide a central source of timely electronics information.
· To promote two-way communication between manufacturer and engineer.
Want a subscription? ELECTRONIC DESIGN is sent free to qualified engineers and engineering managers do-ing design work, supervising design or setting standards in the United States and Western Europe. For a free subscription, use the postfree application form inside the back cover. If none is included, write to us direct for an application form.
If you do not qualify, you may take out a paid subscription for $25 a year in the U.S.A., $35 a year elsewhere. Single copies are $1.50 each.
If you change your address, send us an old mailing label and your new address; there is generally a prepaid postcard for this inside the back cover. You will have to requalify to continue receiving ELECTRONIC DESIGN free.
The accuracy policy of ELECTRONIC DESIGN is:
· To make reasonable efforts to ensure the accuracy of editorial matter.
· To publish prompt corrections whenever inaccuracies are brought to our attention. Corrections ~ppear at the end of the Letters column.
· To refuse any advertisement deemed to be misleading or fraudulent.
Microfilm copies are avai lable of complete volumes of ELECTRONIC DESIGN at $19.00 per volume, beginning with Volume 9, 1961. Work is now in process to complete the microfilm ed ition of· Volumes 1-8. Reprints of individual articles may be obtained for $2.00 each, prepaid ( $.50 for each additional copy of the same article) no matter how long the article. For further details and to place orders, contact the Customer Services Department, University Microfilms, 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106; telephone (313) 761-4700.
Want to contact us? If you have any comments or wish to submit a manuscript or article outline, address your correspondence to:
Editor ELECTRONIC DESIGN, 850 Third Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10022.

Instant Circuit Boards!

Circuit-Stik,

Inc.

CIRCUIT-STIK'S 16 page catalog shows you how to go from schematic drawings to card cage systems - IN ONE STEP! All types of circuit-element configurations may be mixed and combined on the same board. Engineers at CIRCUIT-STIK, INC., have developed a complete family of circuit sub-elements* and circuit materials designed as a packaging system. This system will greatly reduce design and drafting expenses and save weeks of valuable schedule time normally lost to outside manufacturing services. Individual circuit boards can now be assembled and tested from engineering sketches the same day! (* Patent Pending) SEND FOR YOUR FREE CATALOG AND SAMPLES.
c1RcLE No. 171

1518 W. 132nd Street Gardena, California 90249

Centron Precision Drafting Aids Catalog

The latest catalog in pressure-sensitive precision component matched artwork symbols and drafting aids. Completely opaque pre-cut symbols are printed on pressure sensitive .0015" matte acetate film accurate to ± .001 ". Featured are choices in packaging to the user which affords greater convenience and cost savings. Donut pads are offered in both roll and strip form and precision tape is packaged in air-tight zipper bags to preserve freshness even after use. SEND FOR YOUR FREE CATALOG AND SAMPLES.

Centron Engineering, Inc.
1518 W. 132nd Street Gardena, California 90249

CIRCLE NO. 172

FUNDAMENTALS OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

.!TI\

-

~'Cl~-

FMAllOOAIJ Of

-

llTEWTED ClllCllTS

=- =--~ -=====-

... ~~ ~~~~~~~~~·r·~pr,

. ............. f'11<lt4lt .......~

... 1......... ...

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..... ;tl!'fl

1'1 ... 11" · · · · · · · · · · · · ltfll'<I

"'~

,..~,

.. ·· M~j~ ·~
~

··... P,..'.t,t.'qI

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· · ~11><1 ·· ~~j

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f'tl<ll . . . · · e · · · · · · · f"il<'I

j'tjrll". ·· -·· loltHfM.,-.,.trv

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.

.. II"

.

.t.r.

.,.l

l"

f."..i.l.'.f!.

~~~~~~~~~~~~ ·~·~~~I

~~~~~·~~~~·"~~~·~~~j

A practical guide to integrated circuits, their theory, manufacture, and applications. This new guide by Lothar Stern offers compete, highly readable coverage of the various techniques of circuit fabrication, and their effect on circuit design and performance. As to marketing considerations, it compares the characteristics of the numerous IC structures devised to date in terms of economics and logistics. A volume in the Motorola Series in Solid-State Electronics. 198 pages , 7 x 10, illustrated. $8.95 , clothbound. Circle the reader-service number below for 15day examination copies.

Hayden Book Company, Inc.

. CIRCLE NO. 173

116 West 14th Street

New York, N.Y. 10011

86

ELECTRONIC DESIGN 20, September 27, 1970

Manufacturers
Adv ertisements of boold ets, brochures, catalo g.· and data sheets. To order use Reader-Service Card r.4.dvertisemen t J

New PC Dratting Aids Catalog

The By-Buk 1970-71 catalog of pressure sensitive

printed circuit drafting aids is now available.

With thousands of ideas to promote accuracy and

efficiency in printed circuit master artwork lay-

outs. Featured are new artwork patterns for: TO

cans , multi-pads, dual in-lines and flat packs. Also

the most comprehensive listings of conductor line

tapes, pads, donuts , connector strips, elbows ,

corners, etc. Available in opaque black, trans-

parent red and transparent blue materials. Send

for your free catalog and samples .

By-Buk Company

c1RcLE No. 174

4326 W. Pico Blvd. Los Angeles, California 90019
(213) 937-3511

Minimizing Capacitance Changes

~~- ··
y--=-.~-.· ·
~~- u
· --'tt~~~' littr~

Causes of capacitance value changes in wound dielectric capacitors are treated in an Electro Cube technical bulletin to aid designers in selecting and using capacitors . Graphs and formulas are used to illustrate the straight-forward discussion and to compare performance of various dielectrics with changes in operating and environmental conditions. Also available are bulletins treating the sometimes confusing considerations of capacitor dissipation factor and insulation resistance , as part of a continuing series of two and four page technical discussions by Fred L. Johnson.

Electro Cube, Inc.
1710 South Del Mar Avenue San Gabriel, California 91776

CIRCLE NO. 175

How To Write Technical Articles

A guide for the engineer-author, "How to Write

Articles for Electronic Design" shows how easy it

is to write for publication-once the engineer

·~

knows what to write and how to write it. The Author's Guide includes a complete run-down of the types of articles published by Electronic Design

. -.....- ._,H· "' Wn,. :;;,irks !-;~,- ,,. .

-plus detailed instructions on how to prepare technical articles and short special features. A MUST for every "would-be-writer" in the electronics industry. Send for your complimentary copy by

circling the number to the right.

Electronic Design

CIRCLE NO. 176

850 Third A venue

New York, N.Y. 10022

Electronic Design
Advertising Sales Staff
Keith Aldrich Sales Manager
New York 10022 Robert W. Gascoigne Samuel M. Deitch Daniel J. Rowland 850 Third Avenue (212) Plaza 1-5530 TWX: 867-7866
Philadelphia 19025 Mort Sullivan P.O. Box 126 Dresher, Pa. (215) 884-6880
Boston 02154 Joseph F. Palmer 1268 Main Street Waltham, Mass. (617) 894 -2700
Chicago 60611 Thomas P. Kavooras Berry Conner, Jr. 200 East Ontario (312) 337-0588
Cleveland Thomas P. Kavooras (Chicago) (312) 337-0588 (call collect)
Los Angeles 90303 Stanley I. Ehrenclou W. James Bischof 2930 Imperial Highway Inglewood , Calif. (213) 757 -0183
San Francisco 94022 Arthur R. Shields, Jr. 95 Main Street Los Altos, Calif. (415) 941-3084
London W. 1 For United Kingdom and Holland
Brayton C. Nichols 44 Conduit Street Tel: REGent 4714
Verviers, Belgium For Continental Europe
Andre Jamar 1, Rue Mallar, 1 087) 253.83 Telex 41563
Tokyo Haruki Hirayama Electronic Media Service 5th Floor, Lila Bldg., 4 -9 -8 Roppongi Minato-ku Phone: 402 -4556 Cable: Electronicmedia , Tokyo
~
-----~ AMERICAN BUSINESS PRESS, INC.

ELECTRON IC D ESIGN 20, Se ptember 27, 1970

87

HIGH DENSITY
IC PACKAGING PANE~
Increase flexibility- save time, space, money

Advertisers' Index

R-Series Panels For 14 and 16 Lead Plug-In IC'so 60 patterns standard
D Mates with Augat's new 120 contact edge connector with Wire Wrap terminations on .100 inch centers. Connector supplied separately.
o l/a'· double-sided board has power and ground planes
connected to each IC pattern. o Machined contacts assure high reliability and retention. o Wire Wrap terminations on IC patterns.
Request Complete I. C. Folder
AU6AT.NC. Tel: 617-222-2202 31 Perry Ave., Attleboro, Mass. 02703
INFORMATION RETRIEVAL NUMBER 70
ARITECH VOLTAGE CONTROLLED FILTERS
s
can help you

solve problems in radar, telemetry, voice coding, signal conditioning, data acquisition,
plus many other areas.

VCFs allow you to electronically shift cut·off frequency without affecting the shape of the response. They are compact, stable, and extremely reliable.

Our standard VCFs - now in stock - are 4-pole

Butterworth, 24 dB/octave, either high-pass, low-pass,

or band-pass.

Cut-off Frequency Range

0.1 Hz to 20 kHz

Tuning Ratio

50:1

Tuning Voltage

0 to 5 VDC

Module Size

0.75" x 2.15" x 2.15"

Quantity prices for some versions - under $80.

See us also for custom active filters.

ARITECI+ 130 Lincoln St.. Brighton, Mass. 02135

caRP

Telephone: 16171 254-2990

INFORMATION RETRIEVAL NUMBER 71
88

Advertiser

Page

AMP, Incorporated ............................ 61
Acopian Corporation ........................ I I Aeroflex Laboratories, Incorporated .. 79
Allco .................................................. 17A Allen-Bradley Co..................,............6, 7
American Technical Ceramics .......... 77 Amperex Electronic Corporation ...... 26
Analog Devices, Inc., Pastoriza Division .......................... 80
Aritech Corp. .................................... 88
Arrow-Hart, Inc. ................................ 68 Augat, Inc........................................... 88

Bal-seal Engineering Co. .................. 52 Beckman Instruments, Inc.,
Helipot Division ............................ 70
Boston In su lated Wire and Cable Co. ........................................ 58
Burntly Corporation ............................ 63 Burroughs Corporation ...................... 22 'By-Buk Company .............................. 87

Cambridge Thermionic Corporation.. 52 Centron Engineering, Inc. ................ 86
Ceramic M agnetics, Inc. .................... 39 Ci rcuit-Stik, Inc. ................................ 86
Concord Electronics Corporation...... 84 Cunningham Corporation .................. 85

Dale Electronics, Inc. ..............Cover III Decitek Division of
Jamesbury Corp............................. 89 Digital Applications Corporation,
A Division of Powertec ................ 68

EG&G, Inc......................................... 81
ENM Company .................................. 52 Electro Cube, Inc. .............................. 87 Electronic Design ........................ 18D, 87 Exact Electronics, Inc. ...................... 15

General Radio Company ..................
Grant Pulley & Hardware Corporation .................................... 14

Harris Semiconductor, a Division of Harris Intertype Corporation ........33 , 34, 35
Hayden Book Company, Inc.................................... l7B, 18A, 86
Hewlett-Packard ........................Cover II
ELECTRONIC DESIGN 20, September 27, 1970

The "no maintenance''
Punched Tupe Reader:

Advertiser

Page

ISE Electro ni cs Co rporatio n -- --- ----·-· 16

Ja mesbur y Corp. , D eci tek D ivision 89

Lafayette Radi o E lectroni cs -----------·-· 68

Molex Incorporated -------·-- ---------------- 25

No edge guides. No capstans, pinch rolls or brakes. No lenses.
No lubrication. No adjustments.

PFC Di visio n, Arco Electro ni cs ---·-· 90 Philips Electro nics Measu ring
Instruments -·-·--·----··-----·---·--·-·------·- 66 Power/ Ma te Corp. -------------- ·-------- ·---- 13 Powe r-Tee D iv isio n, A irtro ni cs, I nc... 68

Qua lidyne Co rporatio n ---------------------· 19
RCA Electro ni c Co mpo nents a nd Devices ··----·---- ··- ----- AO, Cover IV
Radi atio n Inco rporated __________ 33, 34, 35 Renta l E lectro nics, Inc. ---·------·--------· 82
Sch auer Manu facturin g Co rp . ___ ____ _ 36 Signetics Co rpo ratio n ---·--·------·-·-------- 29 Singe r Co mpa ny, The,
E lectro ni c Prod ucts Di vision ________ 53 Sprague E lect ri c Company ------·----·-·-- 20 Stack po le Ca rbo n Com pa ny -------------- 83
TRW Semiconductor D ivision of T RW. Inc. -·-··- ·--·-·----------------48, 49
T ekt roni x, Inc. --- ·----- ------ ----------------- 4, 5 Teletype Corporation ---· ---·---------- ---· 8, 9 Te mpo lnst1-ur11ents Di vision ---·------- - 78 T erad yne --·------·-·---------------------------------- 2 Triplett Corporation -·- ·-- ·------------------- 12 Tun g 'Sol Div ision, Wag ner
E lectric Co rporat io n -- ·---- ·----------- ·-- IO
Uni ve rsal Co mpo nents Corporati o n.. 68 U ni on Ca r bide Co rporati on,
Co mpo nents D epartme nt __________ J8 B-C
Vero E lectroni cs Inc. --------------------- --- 64

You may have to replace this bulb after 25,000 hours.

Simple, logical design of the new DECITEK Punched Tape Readers gives direct benefits in higher degrees of performance accuracy, greater freedom from maintenance, longer cycle life of tapes and a more economical Reader to buy_
With 20 % to 30% fewer parts than units of comparable performance, DECITEK Readers start, stop and hold tape accurately in response to commands , through a stepping motor/ dual sprocket bi-directional drive system. There are no edge guides or keepers to wear or damage tape, or require adjustment . . _tests with a 10' paper tape loop run at 300 cps for more than a quarter-million cycles showed insignificant sprocket hole wear.

For accurate reading of standard 5, 6, 7 or 8-level paper, paperpolyester or metallized polyester tapes, DECITEK Readers provide uniform light to all channels by 9 discrete fiber optic elements, illuminated by a single, easily replaced bulb. Crosstalk and partial or bit failure are el iminated ... photo-transistors deliver high signal-to-noise ratio outputs. Tapes of different levels can be read interchangeably without adjustment
Write for full details on 60- to 600characterI sec ., competitivelypriced DECITEK Photo-Electronic Tape Readers . DECITEK, 16 Sagamore Rd ., Worcester, Mass. 01605 U.S.A. Call (617) 757-4577.

Wa ll Manu facturi ng Co. --- --------------- 84 Ze nith Radio Corporatio n ---------------- 80 ELECTRONIC DESIGN 20, Septembe r 27 , 1970

A DIVISION OF JAMESBURY CORP.
INFORMATION RETRIEVAL NUMBER 72
89

Would
Y$2JOay cfaoproacniet r?
You would if you needed a true zero temperature coefficient to a tolerance of -+- 5 ppm° C. and a linearity of -+- 1 ppm / ° C. We can make them like that at PFC.
This capacitor is also subjected to a minimum of two sixteen hour burn-ins at three times rated voltage at 85° C.
But then, so is every capacitor we manufacture.
At PFC, we put precision first in the production of polystyrene capacitors in non-standard values to close tolerances . We have a new 28-page brochure with all the details on the $200 number and many more costing a lot less. We'd be glad to send it to you. PFC Division, Arco Electronics, Community Drive, Great Neck, New York 11022. 516 487-0500.
~© precision film DIVISION capacitors
LDivision of Loral Corporation
INFORMATION RETRIEVAL NUMBER 73
90

Product Index
Information Retrieval Service. New Products, Evaluation Samples (ES) , Design Aids (DA) , Application Notes (AN) , and New Literature (NL) in this issue are listed here with page and Information Retrieval numbers. Reader requests will be promptly processed by computer and mailed to the manufacturer within three days.

Category

Page IRN

Components capacitor, vacuum capacitors (NL) components (NL) motor, de torque motors (NL) motors, pulse (AN) motors, stepper (AN) relay, 2pdt relays (NL) thermal devices (NL) transformer, flatpack trimmer, cermet

74 263 83 346 82 296 74 265 84 361
80 291 81 295 74 267 82 298 83 345 74 264
74 266

Data Processing cassette, tape interface, calculator recorder, digital terminal, computer

73 261 73 259 73 258 73 260

ICs & Semiconductors

counter, up/down

72 254

gate, analog

72 250

ICs (NL)

82 341

ICs (NL)

82 342

ICs, ECL

72 252

ICs, MSI TTL

73 256

interface, quad

73 255

LSI 2-package system 72 251

memory, read-only

72 253

memory, read-only

73 257

semiconductors (NL)

82 341

transistors (DA)

79 289

trigger, Schmitt (AN)_ 81 293

Instrumentation

counter, autoranging

76 276

display system, color 76 275

DPM, 4-1 /2-digit

76 278

generators, sweep (NL) 83 344

phase jitter meter

76 277

Microwaves & Lasers

diodes, impatt

76 279

mixer, double-balanced 76 280

Modules & Subassemblies

amplifier, operational

75 274

converter, d /a

75 273

filters, active

75 269

modules, display

75 270

op amp, chopper

75 272

op amp, differential

75 271

op amp, monolithic

75 268

op amps (AN)

80 282

Packaging & Materials

circuits, flexible

77 283

clips, PC (ES)

78 285

con nectars (NL)

83 348

gasketing, rfi (ES)

78 286

hardware (NL)

82 297

hardware (NL)

82 299

modem ICs (ES)

78 287

sockets, DIP

77 284

shielding, emi (AN)

80 290

thin-films (AN)

81 294

Category

Page IRN

Tools & Engineering Aid.

breadboard, epoxy

77 282

calculator (DA)

79 288

compass, layout

77 281

drafting aids, PC (NL) 82 343

drafting ·system (NL)

84 349

papers, technical (NL) 83 347

New Literature

capacitors capacitors, ceramic components components connectors CRTs drafting aids, PC drafting system FETs filters generators, sweep hardware hardware, IC I Cs I Cs instruments, thermal motors papers, technical power conditioning probes relays thermistors

83 346 84 357 82 296 84 355 83 348 84 354 82 343 84 349 84 356 84 362 83 344 82 297 82 299 82 341 82 342 83 345 84 361
83 347 82 340 84 364 82 298 84 363

ADDlication Notes

motors, pulse motors, stepper op amps shielding, emi thin -films
trigger, Schmitt

80 291 81 295 80 292 80 290 81 294 .81 293

oasian Aids
calculator, drafting transistors

79 288 79 289

Evaluation samples

clips, PC-board gasketi ng, rfi modem ICs

78 285 78 286 78 287

EL ECTRON IC D ESIGN 20, September 27, 1970

UNIVAC Servo Tape Systems rely on Dale microminiature connectors to provide a precise signal interface between magnetic heads and read/write circuits.
Dale Rack & Panel Connectors read right, write right, priced right
Critical signal transfer applications in UNIVAC Servo Tape Systems are typical of the growing uses for Dale rack and panel connectors. Available in microminiature, subminiature and miniature styles with up to 75 contacts in standard models. All use precision machined phosphor bronze contacts designed to float into easy alignment. Gold over silver plating assures good solderability, low contact resistance. Ask for details today ... including Dale's very competitive price.
Phone 605-665-9301 or write for Connector Catalog.
DALE ELECTRONICS, INC.
East Highway 50, Yankton , South Dakota 57078
In Canada: Dale Ele c tro nics Ca nada. Ltd. · A su bsidiary of The Lionel Corporation INFORMATION RETRIEVAL NUMBER 75

Take advantage of RCA's ability to supply superior SCR's and Triacs ... when you need them.
Ask our solid-state specialists why RCA's broad line of industrial SCR's and triacs excel in quality, reliability, and performance. They'll tell you that RCA thyristors are subjected to some of the toughest quality assurance tests in the industry. Thus, they save design dollars by virtue of superior performance in critical applications.
Ask users of industrial thyristors why RCA is a key supplier and they'll tell you RCA services the i ndustry ! Whatever the application-area lighting to avionics, regulators to inverters, or power supplies to modulators-RCA has SCR's and triacs to meet your application requirements.

Use these SCR 's and triac s in your control applications :

SCR Fam ily
40740 40752 2N690 2N3899

Rating

IT(RMS)
10 A 20 A 25 A 35 A

Vo ROM
600 v 600 v 600 v 600 v

Triac Fa mil y
407 95 40797 40 6 71 2 N544 3

Rat ing

I T(RMS)
10 A 15 A 30 A 40 A

Vo ROM
600 v 600 v 600 v 600 v

NOTE : SCR ratings of 100, 200, & 400 volts and triac ratings of 200 & 400 volts are available in each family . Stud packages & isolated-stud packages are also available in each rating .
For further details and your copy of the latest thyristor catalog, THC-500, see your local RCA Representative or your RCA Distributor. Or write RCA Electronic Components, Commercial Eng ineering Section 571 - 27, Harrison , N.J . 07029. International : RCA, 2-4 rue du Lievre, 1227 Geneva, Switzerland , or Post Office Box 112, Hong Kong.
RCJI

Thyristors

INFORMATION RETRIEVAL NUMBER 79