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Installing and Configuring VMware
vRealize Orchestrator
vRealize Orchestrator 6.0.1

This document supports the version of each product listed and
supports all subsequent versions until the document is
replaced by a new edition. To check for more recent editions
of this document, see http://www.vmware.com/support/pubs.

EN-001378-00

Installing and Configuring VMware vRealize Orchestrator

You can find the most up-to-date technical documentation on the VMware Web site at:
http://www.vmware.com/support/
The VMware Web site also provides the latest product updates.
If you have comments about this documentation, submit your feedback to:
docfeedback@vmware.com

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3401 Hillview Ave.
Palo Alto, CA 94304
www.vmware.com

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Contents

Installing and Configuring VMware vRealize Orchestrator

1 Introduction to VMware vRealize Orchestrator 9
Key Features of the Orchestrator Platform 9
Orchestrator User Types and Related Responsibilities
Orchestrator Architecture 11
Orchestrator Plug-Ins 12

2 Orchestrator System Requirements 13

Hardware Requirements for Orchestrator 13
Hardware Requirements for the Orchestrator Appliance
Operating Systems Supported by Orchestrator 14
Supported Directory Services 14
Browsers Supported by Orchestrator 14
Orchestrator Database Requirements 14
Software Included in the Orchestrator Appliance 15
Level of Internationalization Support 15

3 Setting Up Orchestrator Components 17
Orchestrator Configuration Maximums 17
vCenter Server Setup 18
Authentication Methods 18
Setting Up the Orchestrator Database 18

4 Installing and Upgrading Orchestrator 21

Install Orchestrator Standalone 21
Install the Client Integration Plug-In 22
Download and Deploy the Orchestrator Appliance 23
Power On the Orchestrator Appliance and Open the Home Page 25
Change the Root Password 25
Enable or Disable SSH Administrator Login on the vRealize Orchestrator Appliance
Configure Network Settings for the Orchestrator Appliance 26
Upgrade Orchestrator Standalone 26
Create an Archive for Upgrading Orchestrator 28
Upgrade Orchestrator Appliance 5.5.x to 6.0.1 30
Upgrading Orchestrator Appliance 5.5 and Earlier 30
Upgrade an Orchestrator Cluster 31
Uninstall Orchestrator 32

5 Configuring vRealize Orchestrator 33
Start the Orchestrator Configuration Service

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Installing and Configuring VMware vRealize Orchestrator

Configure the Network Connection 35
Orchestrator Network Ports 36
Import the vCenter Server SSL Certificate 37
Selecting the Authentication Type 38
Configuring vCenter Single Sign-On Settings 39
Configuring LDAP Settings 42
Configuring the Orchestrator Database Connection 48
Configure SQL Server Express to Use with Orchestrator

Import the Database SSL Certificate 49
Configure the Database Connection 50
Server Certificate 52
Create a Self-Signed Server Certificate 53
Obtain a Server Certificate Signed by a Certificate Authority 53
Import a Server Certificate 54
Export a Server Certificate 54
Changing a Self-Signed Server Certificate 55
Configure the Orchestrator Plug-Ins 56
Define the Default SMTP Connection 57
Configure the SSH Plug-In 57
Configure the vCenter Server Plug-In 58
Installing a New Plug-In 58
Importing the vCenter Server License 59
Import the vCenter Server License 59
Add the vCenter Server License Key Manually 60
Access Rights to Orchestrator Server 60
Selecting the Orchestrator Server Mode 61
Configure an Orchestrator Cluster 61
Configure Orchestrator to Work with the vSphere 6.0 Infrastructure 63
Start the Orchestrator Server 63

6 Configuring vRealize Orchestrator in the Orchestrator Appliance 65
Log In to the Orchestrator Configuration Interface of the Orchestrator Appliance
Configure the vCenter Server Plug-In 66
Import a vCenter Server SSL Certificate and License 66

7 Configuring Orchestrator by Using the Configuration Plug-In and the REST
API

Configure the Network Settings 70
Configuring Authentication Settings by Using the REST API 70
Configure LDAP Authentication by Using the REST API 71
Register Orchestrator as a vCenter Single Sign-On Solution by Using the REST API
Configure the Database Connection by Using the REST API 73
Create a Self-Signed Server Certificate by Using the REST API 74
Managing SSL Certificates by Using the REST API 75
Delete an SSL Certificate by Using the REST API 75
Import SSL Certificates by Using the REST API 75

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Contents

Importing Licenses by Using the REST API 76
Import the vCenter Server License by Using the REST API 76
Enter a License Key by Using the REST API 77

8 Additional Configuration Options 79

Change the Password of the Orchestrator Configuration Interface 79
Uninstall a Plug-In 80
Export the Orchestrator Configuration 81
Orchestrator Configuration Files 81
Import the Orchestrator Configuration 82
Configure the Expiration Period of Events and the Maximum Number of Runs 83
Import Licenses for a Plug-In 83
Orchestrator Log Files 84
Logging Persistence 85
Define the Server Log Level 86
Change the Size of Server Logs 86
Export Orchestrator Log Files 87
Filter the Orchestrator Log Files 88

9 Configuration Use Cases and Troubleshooting 89

Configuring a Cluster of Orchestrator Server Instances 89
Registering Orchestrator with vCenter Single Sign-On in the vCenter Server Appliance
Setting Up Orchestrator to Work with the vSphere Web Client 92
Check Whether Orchestrator Is Successfully Registered as an Extension 93
Unregister Orchestrator from vCenter Single Sign-On 93
Create an Archive for Upgrading Orchestrator 94
Changing SSL Certificates 95
Generate a New Certificate 96
Install a Certificate from a Certificate Authority 97
Adding the Certificate to the Local Store 97
Change the Certificate of the Orchestrator Appliance Management Site 98
Back Up the Orchestrator Configuration and Elements 98
Orchestrator Server Fails to Start 100
Revert to the Default Password for Orchestrator Configuration 101

10 Setting System Properties 103

Disable Access to the Orchestrator Client By Nonadministrators 103
Disable Access to Workflows from Web Service Clients 104
Setting Server File System Access for Workflows and JavaScript 104
Rules in the js-io-rights.conf File Permitting Write Access to the Orchestrator System
Set Server File System Access for Workflows and JavaScript 105
Create and Locate the js-io-rights.conf File in the Orchestrator Appliance 106
Manually Create the js-io-rights.conf File on Windows Systems 107
Set JavaScript Access to Operating System Commands 107
Set JavaScript Access to Java Classes 108
Set Custom Timeout Property 109
Modify the Number of Objects a Plug-In Search Obtains 109
Modify the Number of Concurrent and Pending Workflows 110

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105

Installing and Configuring VMware vRealize Orchestrator

11 Where to Go From Here 111

Log in to the Orchestrator Client on a Windows Machine 111
Log In to the Orchestrator Client from the Orchestrator Appliance Web Console

Index

112

115

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Installing and Configuring
VMware vRealize Orchestrator

Installing and Configuring VMware vRealize Orchestrator provides information and instructions about
®
installing, upgrading and configuring VMware vRealize Orchestrator.

Intended Audience
This information is intended for advanced vSphere administrators and experienced system administrators
who are familiar with virtual machine technology and datacenter operations.

VMware, Inc.

Installing and Configuring VMware vRealize Orchestrator

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Introduction to
VMware vRealize Orchestrator

VMware vRealize Orchestrator is a development- and process-automation platform that provides a library
of extensible workflows to allow you to create and run automated, configurable processes to manage the
VMware vSphere infrastructure as well as other VMware and third-party technologies.
Orchestrator exposes every operation in the vCenter Server API, allowing you to integrate all of these
operations into your automated processes. Orchestrator also allows you to integrate with other management
and administration solutions through its open plug-in architecture.
This chapter includes the following topics:
n

“Key Features of the Orchestrator Platform,” on page 9

“Orchestrator User Types and Related Responsibilities,” on page 10

“Orchestrator Architecture,” on page 11

“Orchestrator Plug-Ins,” on page 12

Key Features of the Orchestrator Platform
Orchestrator is composed of three distinct layers: an orchestration platform that provides the common
features required for an orchestration tool, a plug-in architecture to integrate control of subsystems, and a
library of workflows. Orchestrator is an open platform that can be extended with new plug-ins and libraries,
and can be integrated into larger architectures through a REST API.
The following list presents the key Orchestrator features.
Persistence

Production grade external databases are used to store relevant information,
such as processes, workflow states, and configuration information.

Central management

Orchestrator provides a central way to manage your processes. The
application server-based platform, with full version history, allows you to
have scripts and process-related primitives in one place. This way, you can
avoid scripts without versioning and proper change control spread on your
servers.

Check-pointing

Every step of a workflow is saved in the database, which allows you to
restart the server without losing state and context. This feature is especially
useful for long-running processes.

Versioning

All Orchestrator Platform objects have an associated version history. This
feature allows basic change management when distributing processes to
different project stages or locations.

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Installing and Configuring VMware vRealize Orchestrator

Scripting engine

Workflow engine

The Mozilla Rhino JavaScript engine provides a way to create new building
blocks for Orchestrator Platform. The scripting engine is enhanced with basic
version control, variable type checking, name space management and
exception handling. It can be used in the following building blocks:
n

Actions

Workflows

Policies

The workflow engine allows you to capture business processes. It uses the
following objects to create a step-by-step process automation in workflows:
n

Workflows and actions that Orchestrator provides.

Custom building blocks created by the customer

Objects that plug-ins add to Orchestrator

Users, other workflows, a schedule, or a policy can start workflows.
Policy engine

The policy engine allows monitoring and event generation to react to
changing conditions in the Orchestrator server or plugged-in technology.
Policies can aggregate events from the platform or any of the plug-ins, which
allows you to handle changing conditions on any of the integrated
technologies.

Security

Orchestrator provides the following advanced security functions:
n

Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) to sign and encrypt content imported
and exported between servers

Digital Rights Management (DRM) to control how exported content
might be viewed, edited and redistributed

Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) encrypted communications between the
desktop client and the server and HTTPS access to the Web front end.

Advanced access rights management to provide control over access to
processes and the objects manipulated by these processes.

Orchestrator User Types and Related Responsibilities
Orchestrator provides different tools and interfaces based on the specific responsibilities of the two global
user roles: Administrators and End Users. Orchestrator developers also have administrative rights and are
responsible for creating workflows and additional applications.

Users with Full Rights
Administrators

This role has full access to all of the Orchestrator platform capabilities. Basic
administrative responsibilities include the following items:
n

Installing and configuring Orchestrator

Managing access rights for Orchestrator and applications

Importing and exporting packages

Running workflows and scheduling tasks

Managing version control of imported elements

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Chapter 1 Introduction to VMware vRealize Orchestrator

Developers

Creating new workflows and plug-ins

This user type has full access to all of the Orchestrator platform capabilities.
Developers are granted access to the Orchestrator client interface and have
the following responsibilities:
n

Creating applications to extend the Orchestrator platform functionality

Automating processes by customizing existing workflows and creating
new workflows and plug-ins

Users with Limited Rights
End Users

This role has access to only the Web front end. End users can run and
schedule workflows and policies that the administrators or developers make
available in a browser.

Orchestrator Architecture
Orchestrator contains a workflow library and a workflow engine to allow you to create and run workflows
that automate orchestration processes. You run workflows on the objects of different technologies that
Orchestrator accesses through a series of plug-ins.
Orchestrator provides a standard set of plug-ins, including a plug-in for vCenter Server, to allow you to
orchestrate tasks in the different environments that the plug-ins expose.
Orchestrator also presents an open architecture to allow you to plug in external third-party applications to
the orchestration platform. You can run workflows on the objects of the plugged-in technologies that you
define yourself. Orchestrator connects to an authentication provider to manage user accounts, and to a
database to store information from the workflows that it runs. You can access Orchestrator, the Orchestrator
workflows, and the objects it exposes through the Orchestrator client interface, or through Web services.
Figure 1‑1. VMware vRealize Orchestrator Architecture
vRealize
Orchestrator
Client application

browser
access

workflow library

workflow engine

vCenter
Server

Directory services
or vCenter
Single Sign On

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vCenter
Server

XML

Web services
REST/SOAP

SSH

SQL

SMTP

3rd-party
plug-in

Orchestrator
database

Installing and Configuring VMware vRealize Orchestrator

Orchestrator Plug-Ins
Plug-ins allow you to use Orchestrator to access and control external technologies and applications.
Exposing an external technology in an Orchestrator plug-in allows you to incorporate objects and functions
in workflows that access the objects and functions of that external technology.
The external technologies that you can access by using plug-ins can include virtualization management
tools, email systems, databases, directory services, and remote control interfaces.
Orchestrator provides a set of standard plug-ins that you can use to incorporate into workflows such
technologies as the VMware vCenter Server API and email capabilities. In addition, you can use the
Orchestrator open plug-in architecture to develop plug-ins to access other applications.
The Orchestrator plug-ins that VMware develops are distributed as .vmoapp files. For more information
about the Orchestrator plug-ins that VMware develops and distributes, see
http://www.vmware.com/support/pubs/vco_plugins_pubs.html. For more information about third-party
Orchestrator plug-ins, see https://solutionexchange.vmware.com/store/vco.

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Orchestrator System Requirements

Your system must meet the technical requirements that are necessary for Orchestrator to work properly.
For a list of the supported versions of vCenter Server, the vSphere Web Client, vCloud Automation Center,
and other VMware solutions, as well as compatible database versions, see VMware Product Interoperability
Matrix.
This chapter includes the following topics:
n

“Hardware Requirements for Orchestrator,” on page 13

“Hardware Requirements for the Orchestrator Appliance,” on page 13

“Operating Systems Supported by Orchestrator,” on page 14

“Supported Directory Services,” on page 14

“Browsers Supported by Orchestrator,” on page 14

“Orchestrator Database Requirements,” on page 14

“Software Included in the Orchestrator Appliance,” on page 15

“Level of Internationalization Support,” on page 15

Hardware Requirements for Orchestrator
Verify that your system meets the minimum hardware requirements before you install Orchestrator.
n

2.0 GHz or faster Intel or AMD x64 processor. At least two CPUs are recommended. Processor
requirements might differ if your database runs on the same hardware.

4 GB RAM. You might need more RAM if your database runs on the same hardware.

4 GB disk space. You might need more storage if your database runs on the same hardware.

A free static IP address.

Hardware Requirements for the Orchestrator Appliance
The Orchestrator Appliance is a preconfigured Linux-based virtual machine. Before you deploy the
appliance, verify that your system meets the minimum hardware requirements.
The Orchestrator Appliance has the following hardware configuration:
n

2 CPUs

3 GB of memory

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Installing and Configuring VMware vRealize Orchestrator

12 GB hard disk

Do not reduce the default memory size, because the Orchestrator server requires at least 2 GB of free
memory.

Operating Systems Supported by Orchestrator
You can install the Orchestrator server only on 64-bit operating systems.
Orchestrator is also available as a virtual appliance running on a SUSE Linux Enterprise Server.
For a list of the operating systems supported by Orchestrator, see Supported host operating systems for
VMware vCenter Server installation.

Supported Directory Services
If you plan to use an LDAP server for authentication, ensure that you set up and configure a working LDAP
server.
NOTE LDAP authentication is deprecated.
Orchestrator supports these directory service types.
n

Windows Server 2008 Active Directory

Windows Server 2012 Active Directory

OpenLDAP

Novell eDirectory Server 8.8.3

Sun Java System Directory Server 6.3

IMPORTANT Multiple domains that have a two-way trust, but are not in the same tree, are not supported and
do not work with Orchestrator. The only configuration supported for multi-domain Active Directory is
domain tree. Forest and external trusts are not supported.

Browsers Supported by Orchestrator
The Orchestrator configuration interface requires a Web browser.
You must have one of the following browsers to connect to the Orchestrator configuration interface.
n

Microsoft Internet Explorer 10 or later

Mozilla Firefox

Google Chrome

Orchestrator Database Requirements
The Orchestrator server requires a database. For small-scale deployments, you can use the preconfigured
Orchestrator database. For better performance in a production environment, use a separate database for
Orchestrator.
NOTE To ensure efficient CPU and memory usage, consider hosting the Orchestrator database and the
Orchestrator server on different machines. Verify that at least 1 GB of free disk space is available on each
machine.
For a list of the supported database versions, see VMware Product Interoperability Matrix.

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Chapter 2 Orchestrator System Requirements

Software Included in the Orchestrator Appliance
The Orchestrator Appliance is a preconfigured virtual machine optimized for running Orchestrator. The
appliance is distributed with preinstalled software.
The Orchestrator Appliance package contains the following software:
n

SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 Update 1 for VMware, 64-bit edition

PostgreSQL

OpenLDAP

Orchestrator

The default Orchestrator Appliance database configuration is suitable for small- or medium-scale
environment. The default OpenLDAP configuration is suitable for experimental and testing purposes only.
To use the Orchestrator Appliance in a production environment, you must set up a new database and
directory service, and configure the Orchestrator server to work with them. You can also configure the
Orchestrator server to work with VMware vCenter Single Sign-On. For more information about configuring
external LDAP or vCenter Single Sign-On, see “Selecting the Authentication Type,” on page 38. For
information about configuring a database for production environments, see “Setting Up the Orchestrator
Database,” on page 18.
NOTE LDAP authentication is deprecated.

Level of Internationalization Support
Orchestrator supports internationalization level 1.

Non-ASCII Character Support in Orchestrator
Although Orchestrator is not localized, it can run on a non-English operating system and support nonASCII text.
Table 2‑1. Non-ASCII Character Support in Orchestrator GUI
Support for Non-ASCII Characters
Orchestrator Item

Description Field

Name Field

Input and Output
Parameters

Attributes

Action

Yes

Folder

Yes

Configuration element

Yes

Package

Yes

Policy

Yes

Policy template

Yes

Resource element

Yes

Workflow

Yes

Workflow
presentation display
group and input step

Yes

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Installing and Configuring VMware vRealize Orchestrator

Non-ASCII Character Support for Oracle Databases
To store characters in the correct format in an Oracle database, set the NLS_CHARACTER_SET parameter to
AL32UTF8 before configuring the database connection and building the table structure for Orchestrator. This
setting is crucial for an internationalized environment.

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Setting Up Orchestrator Components

You can install Orchestrator on a computer running Microsoft Windows or you can download and deploy
the Orchestrator Appliance. In both cases, the Orchestrator server is preconfigured, and after successful
installation or deployment, the service starts automatically.
To enhance the availability and scalability of your Orchestrator setup, you can follow several guidelines :
Install Orchestrator on a computer different from the computer on which vCenter Server runs.

Install and configure a database and configure Orchestrator to connect to it.

Install and configure a VMware vCenter Single Sign-On server and configure Orchestrator to work with
it.

This chapter includes the following topics:
n

“Orchestrator Configuration Maximums,” on page 17

“vCenter Server Setup,” on page 18

“Authentication Methods,” on page 18

“Setting Up the Orchestrator Database,” on page 18

Orchestrator Configuration Maximums
When you configure Orchestrator, verify that you stay at or below the supported maximums.
Table 3‑1. Orchestrator Configuration Maximums
Item

Maximum

Connected vCenter Server systems

Connected ESX/ESXi servers

1280

Connected virtual machines spread over vCenter Server systems

35000

Concurrent running workflows

300

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Installing and Configuring VMware vRealize Orchestrator

vCenter Server Setup
Increasing the number of vCenter Server instances in your Orchestrator setup causes Orchestrator to
manage more sessions. Each active session results in activity on the corresponding vCenter Server, and too
many active sessions can cause Orchestrator to experience timeouts when more than 10 vCenter Server
connections occur.
For a list of the supported versions of vCenter Server, see VMware Product Interoperability Matrix.
NOTE You can run multiple vCenter Server instances on different virtual machines in your Orchestrator
setup if your network has sufficient bandwidth and latency. If you are using LAN to improve the
communication between Orchestrator and vCenter Server, a 100 Mb line is mandatory.

Authentication Methods
To authenticate and manage user permissions, Orchestrator requires a connection to an LDAP server or a
connection to a Single Sign-On server.
Orchestrator supports the Active Directory, OpenLDAP, eDirectory, and Sun Java System Directory Server
directory service types.
NOTE LDAP authentication is deprecated.
If you download and deploy the Orchestrator Appliance, the Orchestrator server is preconfigured to work
with the OpenLDAP server distributed together with the appliance. The default OpenLDAP configuration is
suitable for small- or medium-scale environment. To use Orchestrator in a production environment, you
must set up either an LDAP server or a vCenter Single Sign-On server and configure Orchestrator to work
with it.
To use LDAP server, you must connect your system to the LDAP server that is physically closest to your
Orchestrator server, and avoid connections to remote LDAP servers. Long response times for LDAP queries
can lead to slower performance of the whole system.
To improve the performance of the LDAP queries, keep the user and group lookup base as narrow as
possible. Limit the users to targeted groups that need access, rather than to whole organizations with many
users who do not need access. The resources that you need depend on the combination of database and
directory service you choose. For recommendations, see the documentation for your LDAP server.
To use the vCenter Single Sign-On authentication method, you must first install vCenter Single Sign-On.
You must configure the Orchestrator server to use the vCenter Single Sign-On server that you installed and
configured.
To use Single Sign-On authentication through vCloud Automation Center, you must run the Register
Orchestrator in vCloud Automation Center component registry workflow in the Orchestrator client.

Setting Up the Orchestrator Database
Orchestrator requires a database to store workflows and actions.
The Orchestrator server is preconfigured to use an embedded database, which is suitable for testing
purposes only. You must configure Orchestrator to use a separate database by using the Orchestrator
configuration interface. When the database is embedded, you cannot set up Orchestrator to work in cluster
mode, or change the license and the server certificate from the Orchestrator configuration interface. To
change the server certificates without changing the database settings, you must run the configuration
workflows by using either the Orchestrator client or the REST API. For more information about running the
configuration workflows by using the Orchestrator client, see Using the VMware vRealize OrchestratorPlug-Ins.
For detailed instructions about running the configuration workflows by using the REST API, see Chapter 7,
“Configuring Orchestrator by Using the Configuration Plug-In and the REST API,” on page 69.

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Chapter 3 Setting Up Orchestrator Components

To use Orchestrator in a production environment, you must configure the Orchestrator server to use a
dedicated Orchestrator database.
If you download and deploy the Orchestrator Appliance, the Orchestrator server is preconfigured to work
with the PostgreSQL database distributed with the appliance. The default Orchestrator Appliance database
configuration is suitable for small- or medium-scale environment. To use Orchestrator in a production
environment, you must set up a database and configure Orchestrator to work with it.
Orchestrator server supports Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server, and PostgreSQL databases. Orchestrator can
work with Microsoft SQL Server Express in small-scale environments consisting of up to 5 hosts and 50
virtual machines. For details about using SQL Server Express with Orchestrator, see “Configure SQL Server
Express to Use with Orchestrator,” on page 48.
The common workflow for setting up the Orchestrator database consists of the following steps:
1

Create a new database. For more information about creating a new database, see the documentation of
your database provider.

Enable the database for remote connection. For an example, see “Configure SQL Server Express to Use
with Orchestrator,” on page 48.

Configure the database connection parameters. For more information, see “Configuring the
Orchestrator Database Connection,” on page 48.

If you plan to set up an Orchestrator cluster, you must configure the database to accept multiple connections
so that it can accept connections from the different Orchestrator server instances in the cluster.
The database setup can affect Orchestrator performance. Install the database on a machine other than the
one on which the Orchestrator server is installed. This approach ensures that the JVM and database server
do not share CPU, RAM, and I/O.
The location of the database is important because almost every activity on the Orchestrator server triggers
operations on the database. To avoid latency in the database connection, connect to the database server that
is geographically closest to your Orchestrator server and that is on the network with the highest available
bandwidth.
The size of the Orchestrator database varies depending on the setup and how workflow tokens are handled.
Allow for approximately 50 KB for each vCenter Server object and 4 KB for each workflow run.
CAUTION Verify that at least 1 GB of disk space is available on the machine where the Orchestrator database
is installed and on the machine where the Orchestrator server is installed.
Insufficient disk storage space might cause the Orchestrator server and client to not function correctly.

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Installing and Configuring VMware vRealize Orchestrator

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Installing and Upgrading
Orchestrator

Orchestrator consists of a server component and a client component. You can download and deploy the
Orchestrator Appliance or install Orchestrator standalone on a Windows machine.
You can install the Orchestrator configuration server on 64-bit Windows machines only. The Orchestrator
client can run on 64-bit Windows, Linux, and Mac machines.
To install Orchestrator, you must be either a local administrator or a domain user that is a member of the
administrators group.
To use Orchestrator, you must start the Orchestrator Server service and then start the Orchestrator client.
If you need to change the default Orchestrator configuration settings, you can start the Orchestrator
Configuration service and change the settings by using the Orchestrator configuration interface. You can
also run the Orchestrator configuration workflows by using either the Orchestrator client or the REST API.
This chapter includes the following topics:
n

“Install Orchestrator Standalone,” on page 21

“Install the Client Integration Plug-In,” on page 22

“Download and Deploy the Orchestrator Appliance,” on page 23

“Upgrade Orchestrator Standalone,” on page 26

“Create an Archive for Upgrading Orchestrator,” on page 28

“Upgrade Orchestrator Appliance 5.5.x to 6.0.1,” on page 30

“Upgrading Orchestrator Appliance 5.5 and Earlier,” on page 30

“Upgrade an Orchestrator Cluster,” on page 31

“Uninstall Orchestrator,” on page 32

Install Orchestrator Standalone
For production environments and to enhance the scalability of your Orchestrator setup, install Orchestrator
on a dedicated Windows machine.
The Orchestrator client and server can run on 64-bit Windows machines.
NOTE If you try to install Orchestrator on a 64-bit machine on which an instance of Orchestrator 4.0.x is
running, the 64-bit installer does not detect the earlier version of Orchestrator. As a result, two versions of
Orchestrator are installed and coexist.

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Installing and Configuring VMware vRealize Orchestrator

Prerequisites
n

Verify that your hardware meets the Orchestrator system requirements. See “Hardware Requirements
for Orchestrator,” on page 13.

Download the vRealize Orchestrator installer from the VMware Web site.

Procedure
1

Start the Orchestrator installer.
Browse to the download location of the installer and start vRealizeOrchestrator-6.0.0.exe

Click Next.

Accept the terms in the license agreement and click Next.

Either accept the default destination folders or click Change to select another location, and click Next.
CAUTION You cannot install Orchestrator in a directory whose name contains non-ASCII characters. If
you are operating in a locale that features non-ASCII characters, you must install Orchestrator in the
default location.

Select the type of installation and click Next.
Option

Description

Client

Installs the Orchestrator client application, which allows you to create and
edit workflows.

Server

Installs the Orchestrator server platform.

Client-Server

Installs the Orchestrator client and server.

Select the location for the Orchestrator shortcuts and click Next.
CAUTION The name of the shortcuts directory must contain only ASCII characters.

Click Install to start the installation process.

Click Done to close the installer.

What to do next
To start configuring Orchestrator, start the VMware vRealize Orchestrator Configuration service and log in
to the Orchestrator configuration interface at: https://orchestrator_server_DNS_name_or_IP_address:8283/vcoconfig or https://localhost:8283/vco-config.

Install the Client Integration Plug-In
The Client Integration Plug-in provides access to a virtual machine's console in the vSphere Web Client, and
provides access to other vSphere infrastructure features.
You use the Client Integration Plug-in to deploy OVF or OVA templates and transfer files with the datastore
browser. You can also use the Client Integration Plug-in to connect virtual devices that reside on a client
computer to a virtual machine.
Install the Client Integration Plug-in only once to enable all the functionality the plug-in delivers. You must
close the Web browser before installing the plug-in.
If you install the Client Integration Plug-in from an Internet Explorer browser, you must first disable
Protected Mode and enable pop-up windows on your Web browser. Internet Explorer identifies the Client
Integration Plug-in as being on the Internet instead of on the local intranet. In such cases, the plug-in is not
installed correctly because Protected Mode is enabled for the Internet.

VMware, Inc.

Chapter 4 Installing and Upgrading Orchestrator

You cannot launch the virtual machine console in Internet Explorer without the Client Integration Plug-in.
In other supported browsers, the virtual machine console can run without the plug-in.
The Client Integration Plug-in also lets you log in to the vSphere Web Client by using Windows session
credentials.
For information about supported browsers and operating systems, see the vSphere Installation and Setup
documentation.
Watch the video "Installing the Client Integration Plug-In" for information about the Client Integration PlugIn:
Installing the Client Integration Plug-In
(http://link.brightcove.com/services/player/bcpid2296383276001?bctid=ref:video_client_plug_in)
Prerequisites
If you use Microsoft Internet Explorer, disable Protected Mode.
Procedure
1

In the vSphere Web Client, navigate to a link to download the Client Integration Plug-in.
Option

Description

vSphere Web Client login page

a
b

Guest OS Details panel

This option is not available for browsers that run on a Mac OS.
a Select a virtual machine in the inventory and click the Summary tab.
b Click Download Plug-in.

OVF deployment wizard

a
b

Virtual machine console

Open a Web browser and type the URL for the vSphere Web Client.
At the bottom of the vSphere Web Client login page, click Download
Client Integration Plug-in.

Select a host in the inventory and select Actions > All vCenter Actions
> Deploy OVF Template.
Click Download Client Integration Plug-in.

This option is not available for Microsoft Internet Explorer, and for
browsers that run on a Mac OS.
a Select a virtual machine in the inventory, click the Summary tab, and
click Launch Console.
b At the top right corner of the virtual machine console window, click
Download Client Integration Plugin.

If the browser blocks the installation either by issuing certificate errors or by running a pop-up blocker,
follow the Help instructions for your browser to resolve the problem.

Download and Deploy the Orchestrator Appliance
As an alternative to installing vRealize Orchestrator on a Windows computer, you can download and
deploy the Orchestrator Appliance.
Prerequisites
Verify that your computing environment meets the following conditions:
n

vCenter Server is installed and running.

The host on which you are deploying the appliance has enough free disk space.

The Client Integration plug-in is installed before you deploy an OVF template. This plug-in enables
OVF deployment on your local file system.

If your system is isolated and without Internet access, you must download either the .vmdk and .ovf files, or
the .ova file for the appliance from the VMware Web site, and save the files in the same folder.

VMware, Inc.

Installing and Configuring VMware vRealize Orchestrator

Procedure
1

In the vSphere Web Client, select an inventory object that is a valid parent object of a virtual machine,
such as a datacenter, folder, cluster, resource pool, or host.

Select Actions > Deploy OVF Template.

Type the path or the URL to the .ovf or .ova file and click Next.

Review the OVF details and click Next.

Accept the terms in the license agreement and click Next.

Type a name and location for the deployed appliance, and click Next.

Select a host, cluster, resource pool, or vApp as a destination on which you want the appliance to run,
and click Next.

Select a format in which you want to save the appliance's virtual disk and the storage.

Format

Description

Thick provisioned Lazy Zeroed

Creates a virtual disk in a default thick format. The space required for the
virtual disk is allocated when the virtual disk is created. If any data
remains on the physical device, it is not erased during creation, but is
zeroed out on demand later on first write from the virtual machine.

Thick Provisioned Eager Zeroed

Supports clustering features such as Fault Tolerance. The space required
for the virtual disk is allocated when the virtual disk is created. If any data
remains on the physical device, it is zeroed out when the virtual disk is
created. It might take much longer to create disks in this format than to
create disks in other formats.

Thin provisioned format

Saves storage space. For the thin disk, you provision as much datastore
space as the disk requires based on the value that you select for the disk
size. The thin disk starts small and at first, uses only as much datastore
space as the disk needs for its initial operations.

(Optional) Configure the network settings, and click Next.
By default the Orchestrator Appliance uses DHCP. You can also change this setting manually and
assign a fixed IP address from the appliance Web console.

Review the properties of the appliance and set initial passwords for the root user account and for the
vmware user in the Orchestrator Configuration interface.
Your initial passwords must be at least eight characters long, and must contain at least one digit, special
character, and uppercase letter.
IMPORTANT The password for the root account of the Orchestrator Appliance expires after 365 days.
You can increase the expiry time for an account by logging in to the Orchestrator Appliance as root, and
running passwd -x number_of_days name_of_account. If you want to increase the
Orchestrator Appliance root password to infinity, run passwd -x 99999 root.

Review the Ready to Complete page and click Finish.

The Orchestrator Appliance is successfully deployed.

VMware, Inc.

Chapter 4 Installing and Upgrading Orchestrator

Power On the Orchestrator Appliance and Open the Home Page
To use the Orchestrator Appliance, you must first power it on and get an IP address for the virtual
appliance.
Procedure
1

Right-click the Orchestrator Appliance and select Power > Power On.

On the Summary tab, view the Orchestrator Appliance IP address.

In a Web browser, go to the IP address of your Orchestrator Appliance virtual machine.
http://orchestrator_appliance_ip

Change the Root Password
For security reasons, you can change the root password of the Orchestrator Appliance.
IMPORTANT The password for the root account of the Orchestrator Appliance expires after 365 days. You can
increase the expiry time for an account by logging in to the Orchestrator Appliance as root, and running
passwd -x number_of_days name_of_account. If you want to increase the Orchestrator Appliance root
password to infinity, run the passwd -x 99999 root command.
Prerequisites
n

Download and deploy the Orchestrator Appliance.

Verify that the appliance is up and running.

Procedure
1

In a Web browser, go to https://orchestrator_appliance_ip:5480.

Type the appliance user name and password.

Click the Admin tab.

In the Current administrator password text box, type the current root password.

Type the new password in the New administrator password and Retype new administrator password
text boxes.

Click Change password.

You successfully changed the password of the root Linux user of the Orchestrator Appliance.

Enable or Disable SSH Administrator Login on the vRealize Orchestrator
Appliance
You can enable or disable the ability to log in as root to the Orchestrator Appliance using SSH.
Prerequisites
n

Download and deploy the Orchestrator Appliance.

Verify that the appliance is up and running.

Procedure
1

VMware, Inc.

In a Web browser, go to https://orchestrator_appliance_ip:5480.

Installing and Configuring VMware vRealize Orchestrator

On the Admin tab, click Toggle SSH setting to allow log in as root to the Orchestrator Appliance using
SSH.

(Optional) Click Toggle SSH setting again to prevent log in as root to the Orchestrator Appliance using
SSH.

Configure Network Settings for the Orchestrator Appliance
Configure network settings for the Orchestrator Appliance to assign a static IP address and define the proxy
settings.
Prerequisites
n

Download and deploy the Orchestrator Appliance.

Verify that the appliance is up and running.

Procedure
1

In a Web browser, go to https://orchestrator_appliance_ip:5480.

On the Network tab, click Address.

Select the method by which the appliance obtains IP address settings.
Option

Description

DHCP

Obtains IP settings from a DHCP server. This is the default setting.

Static

Uses static IP settings. Type the IP address, netmask, and gateway.

Depending on your network settings, you might have to select IPv4 and IPv6 address types.
5

(Optional) Type the necessary network configuration information.

Click Save Settings.

(Optional) Set the proxy settings and click Save Settings.

Upgrade Orchestrator Standalone
To upgrade Orchestrator on a 64-bit Microsoft Windows machine that is different from the machine on
which vCenter Server runs, run the latest version of the Orchestrator standalone installer.
Prerequisites

Create a backup of the Orchestrator database.

Back up your Orchestrator configuration, custom workflows, and packages. See “Back Up the
Orchestrator Configuration and Elements,” on page 98.

Download the vRealize Orchestrator installer from the VMware Web site.

VMware, Inc.

Chapter 4 Installing and Upgrading Orchestrator

Procedure
1

Stop the Orchestrator server services.
a

Select Start > Programs > Administrative Tools > Services.

In the right pane, right-click VMware vRealize Orchestrator Server and select Stop.

In the right pane, right-click VMware vRealize Orchestrator Configuration and select Stop.

(Optional) Back up your Orchestrator plug-in files and their configurations so that you can import them
after the upgrade.
Option

Action

To back up the plug-ins

Copy the files from install_directory\VMware\Orchestrator\appserver\plugins to your backup location.

To back up the plug-in
configurations

Copy the files from install_directory\VMware\Orchestrator\appserver\conf\plugins to your backup location.

Start the Orchestrator installer.
Browse to the download location of the installer and start vRealizeOrchestrator-6.0.0.exe

Click Next.

Accept the terms in the license agreement and click Next.

Select Continue with update to upgrade Orchestrator.

After the installer detects the installation directory, click Next .
You cannot change the installation directory when you are upgrading Orchestrator. To change this
parameter, you must perform a new installation.

Select the upgrade that matches your existing Orchestrator installation and click Next.
Option

Description

Client

Upgrades the Orchestrator client application.

Server

Upgrades the Orchestrator server platform.

Client-Server

Upgrades the Orchestrator client and server.

For example, if you have installed only the Orchestrator client, select Client and then upgrade your
Orchestrator server separately.
IMPORTANT The versions of the Orchestrator client and server must be the same.
9

Select the location for the Orchestrator shortcuts and click Next.
CAUTION The name of the shortcuts directory must contain only ASCII characters.

Click Install to start the installation process.

Click Done to close the installer.

VMware, Inc.

Installing and Configuring VMware vRealize Orchestrator

(Optional) Import the backed up plug-in files to your new Orchestrator version.
Option

Action

To import the plug-ins

Copy the backed up files to
install_directory\VMware\Orchestrator\app-server\plugins.

To import the plug-in configurations

Copy the backed up files to
install_directory\VMware\Orchestrator\appserver\conf\plugins.

Orchestrator automatically upgrades the plug-ins that are installed with it by default. Import only
changed plug-in files.
13

Start the Orchestrator configuration service and log in to the Orchestrator configuration interface.

Reimport the SSL certificate for the licensed vCenter Server and start the Orchestrator server.

On the Plug-ins tab, click Reload all plug-ins.

On the Startup Options tab, click Restart the vRO configuration server.

Click Start service to start the Orchestrator server.

You upgraded to the latest version of Orchestrator. The existing Orchestrator configuration is preserved.

Create an Archive for Upgrading Orchestrator
If you upgrade Orchestrator by upgrading vCenter Server 5.0 or later to vCenter Server 6.0, the

vco_export.zip archive, located at %VMWARE_CIS_HOME%/vco might not get created automatically and your

configuration might not be migrated.
Problem

During the export phase of the upgrade, Orchestrator upgrade script collects configuration files and data,
and stores them in the vco_export.zip archive. In some cases the archive might not be created automatically
and must be created manually if you want to preserve the data after the update.
Cause
During an export, Orchestrator accesses the Windows registry to find the necessary data. If Orchestrator
cannot access that data, the automatic export does not occur.
Solution
1

Create the vco_export.zip archive manually with the necessary data, and save it to %VMWARE_CIS_HOME

%/vco.

The export archive must contain the following files:

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Chapter 4 Installing and Upgrading Orchestrator

Table 4‑1. Contents of vco_export.zip
File

Location

Plug-in DAR files

vmo_config.zip

The location varies. After you
export the file, you receive a
message with the location of the
file.

Properties files

jssecacerts

On Orchestrator 5.5.x:
install_directory\VMwar
e\Orchestrator\appserver\plugins
On Orchestrator 5.1 or earlier:
install_directory\VMwar
e\Orchestrator\appserver\server\vmo\plugins

Description
A copy of the plug-in .dar files.
During the import phase, plug-ins
are not downgraded. Orchestrator
imports only the plug-in
configuration but a .dar file is not
substituded by an earlier version. If a
source plug-in is not installed on the
destination system, it is imported
and disabled. Source plug-ins might
not be verified for Orchestrator 6.0.1
and might cause errors.
This file has the same content as
the .vmoconfig file generated by the
Orchestrator Configuration's Export
Configuration option found on the
General tab.

On Orchestrator 5.5.x:
install_directory\VMwar
e\Orchestrator\appserver\conf
On Orchestrator 5.1 or earlier:
install_directory\VMwar
e\Orchestrator\appserver\server\vmo\conf

All of the .properties files located
in the folder. The folder may also
include custom defined properties.
The file sso.properties is present
only if the source system is
configured to use Single Sign-On.

On Orchestrator 4.2.x:
install_directory\VMwar
e\Orchestrator\jre\lib\se
curity\jssecacerts

This file is included only in
Orchestrator 4.2.x. In later versions,
the file is a part of vmo_config.zip.
It contains the Certificate Authorities
certificates, which are imported
through the Orchestrator
configuration interface.

Use the archive to migrate your configuration.
a

On the General tab, click Import Configuration.

Type the password you used when exporting the configuration.
This step is not necessary if you have not specified a password.

Browse to select the vco_export.zip file.

Select whether to override the Orchestrator internal certificate and network settings.
Select the check box only if you want to restore your Orchestrator configuration and the
vco_export.zip file is the backup file of the same Orchestrator configuration.
If you import the configuration to duplicate the Orchestrator environment, for example for scaling
purposes, leave the check box unselected. Otherwise you might have problems with the certificates
when Orchestrator tries to identify against vCenter Server, vCenter Single Sign-On or the
vSphere Web Client.

VMware, Inc.

Click Import.

Installing and Configuring VMware vRealize Orchestrator

Upgrade Orchestrator Appliance 5.5.x to 6.0.1
You can upgrade Orchestrator Appliance 5.5.x to 6.0.1 with packages that VMware publishes. You must
perform the upgrade through the Orchestrator Appliance configuration portal.
You can upgrade your existing Orchestrator Appliance 5.5.x to 6.0.1 by using the Orchestrator Appliance
configuration portal on port 5480. After you upgrade the Orchestrator Appliance, your plug-in settings are
preserved.
Prerequisites
Unmount all network file systems.
Procedure
1

Access the VMware vRealize Orchestrator Appliance configuration portal at https://orchestrator_server:
5480/ .

On the Update tab, click Check Updates.
The system checks for available updates.

If any updates are available, click Install Updates.
To proceed with the upgrade, you must accept the VMware End User License Agreement.

To complete the update, restart the Orchestrator Appliance.

(Optional) On the Update tab, verify that Orchestrator Appliance 6.0.1 has been successfully installed.

If there are any changes to the vCenter Server certificates during the upgrade of vCenter Server, you
must import the correct vCenter Server certificates and restart the Orchestrator Appliance.

You have successfully upgraded the Orchestrator Appliance to version 6.0.1.
What to do next
Verify that the Orchestrator Appliance vco user account has sufficient permissions for all custom files and
folders.
Import the SSL certificates for each vCenter Server instance that you defined. See “Import the vCenter
Server SSL Certificate,” on page 37.

Upgrading Orchestrator Appliance 5.5 and Earlier
To upgrade Orchestrator Appliance with version 5.5 or earlier to 6.0, you must deploy the latest
Orchestrator Appliance and migrate your current Orchestrator configuration, plug-ins, and data to the
newly deployed Orchestrator Appliance manually.
After you upgrade the Orchestrator Appliance, your plug-in settings are preserved. If you want to configure
the Orchestrator server to work with vCenter Single Sign-On, you must provide the vCenter Single Sign-On
credentials on the Plug-ins tab of the Orchestrator configuration interface.
The following use case illustrates how to upgrade your existing Orchestrator Appliance by exporting its
configuration and importing it to a newly deployed Orchestrator Appliance.
1

Verify that your Orchestrator Appliance is configured with an external database, certificates, licenses,
and so on.

Export the Orchestrator configuration.
See “Export the Orchestrator Configuration,” on page 81.

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Chapter 4 Installing and Upgrading Orchestrator

Deploy the latest Orchestrator Appliance.
See “Download and Deploy the Orchestrator Appliance,” on page 23.

Import the configuration of your previous Orchestrator Appliance to the newly deployed
Orchestrator Appliance.
See “Import the Orchestrator Configuration,” on page 82.

5
6

vmware.

Update the database of the new Orchestrator Appliance.
See “Configure the Database Connection,” on page 50.

Replace the IP address of the new Orchestrator Appliance with the IP address of your previous
Orchestrator Appliance manually.
See “Configure the Network Connection,” on page 35.

Restart the vRealize Orchestrator Configuration service.

Log in the Orchestrator client and verify that your workflows are available in the newly deployed
Orchestrator Appliance.

Upgrade an Orchestrator Cluster
In the cluster, multiple Orchestrator server instances work together. If you have already set up a cluster of
Orchestrator 5.5 server instances, you can upgrade the cluster to the latest Orchestrator version by
upgrading its nodes.
Procedure
1

Stop all Orchestrator servers in the cluster.

Upgrade one of the Orchestrator server instances in the cluster.

Start the configuration service of the Orchestrator server you upgraded and log in to the configuration
interface as vmware.

Click Server Availability.

Type values for the Cluster mode settings and click Apply changes.
Option

Description

Number of active nodes

The maximum number of active Orchestrator server instances in the
cluster.
Active nodes are the Orchestrator server instances that run workflows and
respond to client requests. If an active Orchestrator node stops responding,
it is replaced by one of the inactive Orchestrator server instances.
The default number of active Orchestrator nodes in a cluster is one.

Heartbeat interval (milliseconds)

The time interval, in milliseconds, between two network heartbeats that an
Orchestrator node sends to show that it is running.
The default value is 5000 milliseconds.

Number of failover heartbeats

The number of heartbeats that can be missed before an Orchestrator node
is considered failed.
The default value is three heartbeats.

Upgrade all other Orchestrator server instances in the cluster.

Start all the Orchestrator nodes in the cluster.

VMware, Inc.

Installing and Configuring VMware vRealize Orchestrator

Uninstall Orchestrator
You can remove the Orchestrator client and server components from your system by using Add or Remove
Programs.
Prerequisites
n

Save the Orchestrator configuration settings to a local file. For more details, see “Export the
Orchestrator Configuration,” on page 81.

Back up custom workflows and plug-ins.

Procedure
1

From the Windows Start menu, select Control Panel > Programs and Features.

Select vRealize Orchestrator and click Uninstall.

Click Uninstall in the Uninstall vRealize Orchestrator window.
A message confirms that all items have been successfully removed.

Click Done.

Orchestrator is uninstalled from your system.

VMware, Inc.

Configuring vRealize Orchestrator

You can use the Orchestrator configuration interface to configure the components that are related to the
Orchestrator engine, such as network, database, server certificate, and so on. The correct configuration of
these components ensures the proper functioning of applications running on the Orchestrator platform.
The Orchestrator Web Configuration tool is installed with Orchestrator standalone. To use the tool, you
must first start the Orchestrator Configuration Service.
To use Orchestrator, you must start the Orchestrator server service and then start the Orchestrator client.
To use Orchestrator through the vSphere Web Client, you must configure Orchestrator to work with the
same vCenter Single Sign-On instance to which both vSphere Web Client and vCenter Server are pointing.
You must also ensure that Orchestrator is registered as a vCenter Server extension. You register
Orchestrator as a vCenter Server extension when you log in as a user who has the privileges to manage
vCenter Server extensions. For more information, see “Configure the vCenter Server Plug-In,” on page 58.
When you log in as an administrator, you can modify the configuration settings as required by your
organization. For instructions about how to start the Orchestrator Server service, see “Start the Orchestrator
Configuration Service,” on page 34 and “Start the Orchestrator Server,” on page 63. For more
information about starting the Orchestrator client and using it, see Using the VMware vRealize Orchestrator
Client.
When you install Orchestrator standalone, the Orchestrator server is also automatically configured to work,
but you have to define a connection to a vCenter Server system if you plan to run workflows over the
objects in your vSphere inventory. You can configure a connection to a vCenter Server system by running a
workflow in the Orchestrator client. See Using VMware vRealize Orchestrator Plug-Ins.
The default Orchestrator database (embedded database) and LDAP (embedded LDAP) settings are not
suitable for a production environment.
Preconfigured Software

User Group (if any) and User

Password

Embedded database

User: vmware

vmware

Embedded LDAP

User group: vcoadmins
User: vcoadmin
By default the vcoadmin user is set up as an Orchestrator administrator.

vcoadmin

To use Orchestrator in a production deployment, you must set up a separate database instance, set up an
LDAP or vCenter Single Sign-On server, and configure Orchestrator to work with them.
NOTE LDAP authentication is deprecated.

VMware, Inc.

Installing and Configuring VMware vRealize Orchestrator

To configure the Orchestrator server, you can run configuration workflows by using the Orchestrator client
or the REST API. For information about configuring Orchestrator by using the Configuration plug-in
workflows, see Using VMware vRealize OrchestratorPlug-Ins. For more information about configuring
Orchestrator by using the REST API, see Chapter 7, “Configuring Orchestrator by Using the Configuration
Plug-In and the REST API,” on page 69.
IMPORTANT When you configure Orchestrator, ensure that the clocks of the Orchestrator server machine and
the Orchestrator client machine are synchronized.
This chapter includes the following topics:
n

“Start the Orchestrator Configuration Service,” on page 34

“Log In to the Orchestrator Configuration Interface,” on page 35

“Configure the Network Connection,” on page 35

“Orchestrator Network Ports,” on page 36

“Import the vCenter Server SSL Certificate,” on page 37

“Selecting the Authentication Type,” on page 38

“Configuring the Orchestrator Database Connection,” on page 48

“Server Certificate,” on page 52

“Configure the Orchestrator Plug-Ins,” on page 56

“Importing the vCenter Server License,” on page 59

“Selecting the Orchestrator Server Mode,” on page 61

“Configure Orchestrator to Work with the vSphere 6.0 Infrastructure,” on page 63

“Start the Orchestrator Server,” on page 63

Start the Orchestrator Configuration Service
If you have installed Orchestrator standalone, the Orchestrator Configuration service does not start by
default. You must start it manually before you try to access the Orchestrator configuration interface.
Procedure
1

On the machine on which Orchestrator is installed, select Start > Programs > Administrative Tools >
Services.

In the Services window, right-click VMware vRealize Orchestrator Configuration and select Start.

(Optional) Set up the service to start automatically on the next reboot.
a

Right-click VMware vRealize Orchestrator Configuration and select Properties.

In the VMware vRealize Orchestrator Configuration Properties (Local Computer) window, from
the Startup type drop-down menu select Automatic.

The Orchestrator Configuration service is now running and Orchestrator configuration interface is available
for use.
What to do next
You can log in to the Orchestrator configuration interface and start the process of configuring Orchestrator.

VMware, Inc.

Chapter 5 Configuring vRealize Orchestrator

Log In to the Orchestrator Configuration Interface
To start the configuration process, you must access the Orchestrator configuration interface.
Prerequisites
Verify that the VMware vRealize Orchestrator Configuration service is running.
Procedure
1

Start the Orchestrator configuration interface.
n

If you are logged in to the Orchestrator server machine as the user who installed Orchestrator,
select Start > Programs > VMware > vRealize Orchestrator Home Page, and click Orchestrator
Configuration.

Go to https://localhost:8281 in a Web browser and click Orchestrator Configuration.

If you want to connect to the Orchestrator configuration from a remote computer, navigate to
https://your_orchestrator_server_IP_or_DNS_name:8283/vco-config.
You can log in to the Orchestrator configuration interface remotely only over HTTPS.

User name: vmware
You cannot change the default user name.

Password: vmware

When you log in to the Orchestrator configuration interface with the default password, you see the
Welcome page prompting you to change the default password of the Orchestrator configuration
interface.
3

Change the default password and click Apply changes.
IMPORTANT Your new password must be at least eight characters long, and must contain at least one
digit, special character, and uppercase letter.
The next time you log in to the Orchestrator configuration interface, you can use your new password.
IMPORTANT The password for the root account of the Orchestrator Appliance expires after 365 days.
You can increase the expiry time for an account by logging in to the Orchestrator Appliance as root, and
running passwd -x number_of_days name_of_account. If you want to increase the
Orchestrator Appliance root password to infinity, run passwd -x 99999 root.

You successfully logged in to the Orchestrator configuration interface.

Configure the Network Connection
To change the IP address that the Orchestrator client interface uses to communicate to the server, you must
configure the network settings used by Orchestrator.
Prerequisites
Make sure that the network provides a fixed IP, which is obtained by using a properly configured DHCP
server (using reservations) or by setting a static IP. The Orchestrator server requires that the IP address
remains constant while it is running.

VMware, Inc.

Installing and Configuring VMware vRealize Orchestrator

Procedure
1

Click Network.

From the IP address drop-down menu, select the IP address to which you want to bind the
Orchestrator server.
Orchestrator discovers the IP address of the machine on which the server is installed.
The corresponding DNS name appears. If no network name is found, the IP address appears in the
DNS name text box. Use this IP address to log in to the Orchestrator client interface.

Set up the communication ports.
For more information about default ports, see “Orchestrator Network Ports,” on page 36.

Click Apply changes.

What to do next
Click SSL Trust Manager to load the vCenter Server SSL certificate in Orchestrator.

Orchestrator Network Ports
Orchestrator uses specific ports that allow communication with the other systems. The ports are set with a
default value, but you can change these values at any time. When you make the changes, verify that all ports
are free on your host, and if necessary, open these ports on firewalls as required.

Default Configuration Ports
To provide the Orchestrator service, you must set default ports and configure your firewall to allow
incoming TCP connections.
NOTE Other ports might be required if you are using custom plug-ins.
Table 5‑1. VMware vRealize Orchestrator Default Configuration Ports
Port

Number

Protocol

Source

Target

Description

HTTP server
port

8280

TCP

End-user
Web browser

Orchestrator
server

The requests sent to Orchestrator default HTTP Web
port 8280 are redirected to the default HTTPS Web
port 8281.

HTTPS server
port

8281

TCP

End-user
Web browser

Orchestrator
server

The access port for the Web Orchestrator home page.

Web
configuration
HTTPS access
port

8283

TCP

End-user
Web browser

Orchestrator
configuration

The SSL access port for the Web UI of Orchestrator
configuration.

Messaging port

8286

TCP

Orchestrator
client

Orchestrator
server

A Java messaging port used for dispatching events.

Messaging port

8287

TCP

Orchestrator
client

Orchestrator
server

An SSL secured Java messaging port used for
dispatching events.

External Communication Ports
You must configure your firewall to allow outgoing connections so that Orchestrator can communicate with
external services.

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Chapter 5 Configuring vRealize Orchestrator

Table 5‑2. VMware vRealize Orchestrator External Communication Ports
Port

Number

Protocol

Source

Target

Description

LDAP

389

TCP

Orchestrator
server

LDAP server

The lookup port of your LDAP Authentication
server.
NOTE LDAP authentication is deprecated.

LDAP using
SSL

636

TCP

Orchestrator
server

LDAP server

The lookup port of your secure LDAP
Authentication server.

LDAP using
Global Catalog

3268

TCP

Orchestrator
server

Global Catalog
server

The port to which Microsoft Global Catalog server
queries are directed.

vCenter Single
Sign-On server

7444

TCP

Orchestrator
server

vCenter Single
Sign-On server

The port used to communicate with the vCenter
Single Sign-On server.

SQL Server

1433

TCP

Orchestrator
server

Microsoft SQL
Server

The port used to communicate with the Microsoft
SQL Server or SQL Server Express instances that are
configured as the Orchestrator database.

PostgreSQL

5432

TCP

Orchestrator
server

PostgreSQL
Server

The port used to communicate with the PostgreSQL
Server that is configured as the Orchestrator
database.

Oracle

1521

TCP

Orchestrator
server

Oracle DB
Server

The port used to communicate with the Oracle
Database Server that is configured as the
Orchestrator database.

SMTP Server
port

TCP

Orchestrator
server

SMTP Server

The port used for email notifications.

vCenter Server
API port

443

TCP

Orchestrator
server

vCenter Server

The vCenter Server API communication port used
by Orchestrator to obtain virtual infrastructure and
virtual machine information from the orchestrated
vCenter Server instances.

Import the vCenter Server SSL Certificate
The Orchestrator configuration interface uses a secure connection to communicate with vCenter Server,
relational database management system (RDBMS), LDAP, vCenter Single Sign-On, or other servers. You can
import the required SSL certificate from a URL or file.
NOTE LDAP authentication is deprecated.
You can import the vCenter Server SSL certificate from the SSL Trust Manager tab in the Orchestrator
configuration interface.
Procedure
1

Click Network.

In the right pane, click the SSL Trust Manager tab.

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Load the vCenter Server SSL certificate in Orchestrator from a URL address or file.
Option

Action

Import from URL

Specify the URL of the vCenter Server:
https://your_vcenter_server_IP_address or
your_vcenter_server_IP_address:port

Import from file

Obtain the vCenter Server certificate file. The file is usually available at the
following locations:
n

C:\Documents and
Settings\AllUsers\ApplicationData\VMware\VMware
VirtualCenter\SSL\rui.crt
/etc/vmware/ssl/rui.crt

Click Import.
A message confirming that the import is successful appears.

Repeat the steps for each vCenter Server instance that you want to add to the Orchestrator server.

The imported certificate appears in the Imported SSL certificates list. On the Network tab, the red triangle
changes to a green circle to indicate that the component is now configured correctly.
What to do next
Each time you want to specify the use of an SSL connection to a vCenter Server instance, you must return to
SSL Trust Manager on the Network tab and import the corresponding vCenter Server SSL certificate.

Selecting the Authentication Type
Orchestrator requires an authentication method to work properly and manage user permissions.
Orchestrator supports the following types of authentication.
LDAP authentication

Orchestrator connects to a working LDAP server.
NOTE LDAP authentication is deprecated.

vCenter Single Sign-On
authentication

Orchestrator authenticates through vCenter Single Sign-On.

vRealize Automation
authentication

Orchestrator authenticates through the vRealize Automation component
registry.

Depending on the type of installation, Orchestrator is preconfigured to work with either an embedded
LDAP server or OpenLDAP.
n

When you install Orchestrator standalone, the Orchestrator server is preconfigured to work with an
embedded LDAP server.

When you download and deploy the Orchestrator Appliance, the Orchestrator server is preconfigured
to work with the OpenLDAP directory service embedded in the appliance.

IMPORTANT If you want to use Orchestrator through the vSphere Web Client for managing vSphere
inventory objects, you must configure Orchestrator to work with the same vCenter Single Sign-On instance
to which both vCenter Server and vSphere Web Client are pointing.

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Chapter 5 Configuring vRealize Orchestrator

Configuring vCenter Single Sign-On Settings
VMware vCenter Single Sign-On is an authentication service that implements the brokered authentication
architectural pattern. You can configure Orchestrator to connect to a vCenter Single Sign-On server.
The vCenter Single Sign-On server provides an authentication interface called Security Token Service (STS).
Clients send authentication messages to the STS, which checks the user's credentials against one of the
identity sources. Upon successful authentication, STS generates a token.
In vCenter Server versions earlier than vCenter Server 5.1, when a user connects to vCenter Server,
vCenter Server authenticates the user by validating the user against an Active Directory domain or the list of
local operating system users. In vCenter Server 5.1 and later, users authenticate by using vCenter Single
Sign-On.
For versions earlier than vCenter Server 5.1, you must explicitly register each vCenter Server system with
the vSphere Web Client. For vCenter Server 5.1 and later, vCenter Server systems are automatically detected
and are displayed in the vSphere Web Client inventory.
The vCenter Single Sign-On administrative interface is part of the vSphere Web Client. To configure vCenter
Single Sign-On and manage vCenter Single Sign-On users and groups, you log in to the vSphere Web Client
as a user with vCenter Single Sign-On administrator privileges. This might not be the same user as the
vCenter Server administrator. You must provide the credentials on the vSphere Web Client login page, and
upon authentication, you can access the vCenter Single Sign-On administration tool to create users and
assign administrative permissions to other users.
Using the vSphere Web Client, you authenticate to vCenter Single Sign-On by providing your credentials on
the vSphere Web Client login page. You can then view all of the vCenter Server instances for which you
have permissions. After you connect to vCenter Server, no further authentication is required. The actions
that you can perform on objects depend on the user's vCenter Server permissions on those objects.
For more information about vCenter Single Sign-On, see vSphere Security.
After you configure Orchestrator to authenticate through vCenter Single Sign-On, make sure that you
configure it to work with the vCenter Server instances registered with the vSphere Web Client using the
same vCenter Single Sign-On instance.
When you log in to the vSphere Web Client, the Orchestrator Web plug-in communicates with the
Orchestrator server on behalf of the user profile you used to log in.

Import the vCenter Single Sign-On SSL Certificate
To register Orchestrator as a vCenter Single Sign-On solution and configure it to work with vCenter Single
Sign-On, first import the vCenter Single Sign-On SSL certificate.
You can import the vCenter Single Sign-On SSL certificate from the SSL Trust Manager tab in the
Orchestrator configuration interface.
Prerequisites
Install and configure vCenter Single Sign-On.
Procedure
1

Click Network.

In the right pane, click the SSL Trust Manager tab.

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Installing and Configuring VMware vRealize Orchestrator

Load the vCenter Single Sign-On SSL certificate from a URL or a file.
Option

Action

Import from URL

Type the URL of the vCenter Single Sign-On server:
https://your_vcenter_single_sign_on_server_IP_address:7444
or your_vcenter_single_sign_on_server_IP_address:7444

Import from file

Obtain the vCenter Single Sign-On SSL certificate file and browse to
import it.

Click Import.
A message confirming that the import is successful appears.

Click Startup Options.

Click Restart the vRO configuration server to restart the Orchestrator Configuration service after
adding a new SSL certificate.

You successfully imported the vCenter Single Sign-On certificate.
What to do next
Register Orchestrator as an vCenter Single Sign-On extension and configure additional vCenter Single SignOn settings.

Register Orchestrator as a vCenter Single Sign-On Solution in Basic Mode
You can register the Orchestrator server with a vCenter Single Sign-On server by using the simple mode
registration form in the Orchestrator configuration interface. The simple mode registration is easier and
initially you should only provide the URL of your vCenter Single Sign-On server and the credentials of the
vCenter Single Sign-On admin.
Prerequisites
Install and configure VMware vCenter Single Sign-On and verify that your vCenter Single Sign-On server is
running.
Procedure
1

Click Authentication.

Select SSO Authentication from the Authentication mode drop-down menu.

In the Host text box, type the URL for the machine on which you have installed the vCenter Single SignOn server.
https://your_vcenter_single_sign_on_server:7444

NOTE If you want to configure Orchestrator to authenticate through the vCenter Single Sign-On in the
vCenter Server Appliance, you must set the port to 443.
5

In the Admin user name and Admin password text boxes, type the credentials of the vCenter Single
Sign-On admin.
The account is temporarily used only for registering or removing Orchestrator as a solution.

Click Register Orchestrator.

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Complete the vCenter Single Sign-On configuration.
a

(Optional) Filter the list of available groups by typing search criteria in the Groups filter text box
and pressing Enter.

Select an Orchestrator administrator domain and group from the drop-down menu.

(Optional) Modify the value for the time difference between a client clock and a domain controller
clock.
The default clock tolerance value is 300 seconds.

Click Accept Orchestrator Configuration.

You successfully registered Orchestrator with vCenter Single Sign-On.

Register Orchestrator as a vCenter Single Sign-On Solution in Advanced Mode
You can register the Orchestrator server with a vCenter Single Sign-On server by using the advanced mode
registration form in the Orchestrator configuration interface. In the advanced mode you manually type the
token service URL, the administration service URL, and they are not automatically generated for you.
Prerequisites
Install and configure vCenter Single Sign-On and verify that your vCenter Single Sign-On server is running.
Procedure
1

Click Authentication.

Select SSO Authentication from the Authentication mode drop-down menu.

Click the Advanced settings link.

In the Token service URL text box, type the URL for the vCenter Single Sign-On token service interface.
https://your_vcenter_single_sign_on_server:7444/ims/STSService/vsphere.local

NOTE If you want to configure Orchestrator to authenticate through the vCenter Single Sign-On in the
vCenter Server Appliance, you must set the port to 443.
6

In the Admin service URL text box, type the URL for the vCenter Single Sign-On administration service
interface.
https://your_vcenter_single_sign_on_server:7444/sso-adminserver/sdk/vsphere.local

NOTE If you want to configure Orchestrator to authenticate through the vCenter Single Sign-On in the
vCenter Server Appliance, you must set the port to 443.
7

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Click Register Orchestrator.

Installing and Configuring VMware vRealize Orchestrator

Complete the vCenter Single Sign-On configuration.
a

(Optional) Filter the list of available groups by typing search criteria in the Groups filter text box
and pressing Enter.

Select an Orchestrator administrator domain and group from the drop-down menu.

(Optional) Modify the value for the time difference between a client clock and a domain controller
clock.
The default clock tolerance value is 300 seconds.

Click Accept Orchestrator Configuration.

You successfully registered Orchestrator with vCenter Single Sign-On.

Configuring LDAP Settings
You can configure Orchestrator to connect to a working LDAP server on your infrastructure to manage user
permissions.
NOTE LDAP authentication is deprecated.
If you are using secure LDAP over SSL, Windows Server 2008 or 2012, and AD, verify that the LDAP Server
Signing Requirements group policy is disabled on the LDAP server.
If you configure Orchestrator to work with LDAP, you cannot use the Orchestrator Web Client for
managing vSphere inventory objects.
IMPORTANT Multiple domains that are not in the same tree, but have a two-way trust, are not supported and
do not work with Orchestrator. The only configuration supported for multi-domain Active Directory is
domain tree. Forest and external trusts are not supported.
1

Import the LDAP Server SSL Certificate on page 43
If your LDAP server uses SSL, you can import the SSL certificate file to the Orchestrator configuration
interface and activate secure connection between Orchestrator and LDAP.

Generate the LDAP Connection URL on page 43
The LDAP service provider uses a URL to configure the connection to the directory server. To generate
the LDAP connection URL, you must specify the LDAP host, port, and root.

Specify the Browsing Credentials on page 45
Orchestrator must read your LDAP structure to inherit its properties. You can specify the credentials
that Orchestrator uses to connect to an LDAP server.

Define the LDAP User and Group Lookup Paths on page 46
You can define the users and groups lookup information.

Define the LDAP Search Options on page 47
You can customize the LDAP search queries and make searching in LDAP more effective.

Common Active Directory LDAP Errors on page 48
When you encounter the LDAP:error code 49 error message and experience problems connecting to
your LDAP authentication server, you can check which LDAP function is causing the problem.

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Chapter 5 Configuring vRealize Orchestrator

Import the LDAP Server SSL Certificate
If your LDAP server uses SSL, you can import the SSL certificate file to the Orchestrator configuration
interface and activate secure connection between Orchestrator and LDAP.
You can import the LDAP SSL certificate from the SSL Trust Manager tab in the Orchestrator configuration
interface.
Prerequisites
n

If you are using LDAP servers, Windows 2008 or 2012, and AD, verify that the LDAP Server Signing
Requirements group policy is disabled on the LDAP server.

Obtain a self-signed server certificate or a certificate that is signed by a Certificate Authority.

Configure your LDAP server for SSL access. See the documentation of your LDAP server for
instructions.

Explicitly specify the trusted certificate to perform the SSL authorization correctly.

Procedure
1

Click Network.

In the right pane, click the SSL Trust Manager tab.

Browse to select a certificate file to import.

Load the LDAP SSL certificate from a URL or a file.
Option

Action

Import from URL

Type the URL of the LDAP server:
https://your_LDAP_server_IP_address or
your_LDAP_server_IP_address:port

Import from file

Obtain the LDAP SSL certificate file and browse to import it.

Click Import.
A message confirming that the import is successful appears.

Click Startup Options.

Click Restart the vRO configuration server to restart the Orchestrator Configuration service after
adding a new SSL certificate.

The imported certificate appears in the Imported SSL certificates list. The secure connection between
Orchestrator and your LDAP server is activated.
What to do next
When you generate the LDAP connection URL you should enable SSL on the Authentication tab in the
Orchestrator configuration interface.

Generate the LDAP Connection URL
The LDAP service provider uses a URL to configure the connection to the directory server. To generate the
LDAP connection URL, you must specify the LDAP host, port, and root.
The supported directory service types are Active Directory, OpenLDAP, eDirectory, and Sun Java System
Directory Server.

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Procedure
1

Click Authentication.

Select LDAP Authentication from the Authentication mode drop-down menu.

From the LDAP client drop-down menu, select the directory server type that you are using as the
LDAP server.
NOTE If you change the LDAP server or type after you set permissions on Orchestrator objects (such as
access rights on workflows or actions), you must reset these permissions.
If you change the LDAP settings after configuring custom applications that capture and store user
information, the LDAP authentication records created in the database become invalid when used
against the new LDAP database.

In the Primary LDAP host text box, type the IP address or the DNS name of the host on which your
primary LDAP service runs.
This is the first host on which the Orchestrator configuration interface verifies user credentials.

(Optional) In the Secondary LDAP host text box, type the IP address or the DNS name of the host on
which your secondary LDAP service runs.
If the primary LDAP host becomes unavailable, Orchestrator verifies user credentials on the secondary
host.

In the Port text box, type the value for the lookup port of your LDAP server.
NOTE Orchestrator supports the Active Directory hierarchical domains structure. If your domain
controller is configured to use Global Catalog, you must use port 3268. You cannot use the default port
389 to connect to the Global Catalog server.

In the Root text box, type the root element of your LDAP service.
If your domain name is company.org, your root LDAP is dc=company,dc=org.
This is the node used for browsing your service directory after typing the appropriate credentials. For
large service directories, specifying a node in the tree narrows the search and improves performance.
For example, rather than searching in the entire directory, you can specify
ou=employees,dc=company,dc=org. This displays all the users in the Employees group.

(Optional) Select Use SSL to activate encrypted certification for the connection between Orchestrator
and LDAP.
If your LDAP uses SSL, you must first import the SSL certificate and restart the Orchestrator
Configuration service. See “Import the LDAP Server SSL Certificate,” on page 43.

(Optional) Select Use Global Catalog to allow LDAP referrals when the LDAP client is Active
Directory.
The LDAP server lookup port number changes to 3268. Orchestrator follows the LDAP referrals to find
users and groups in a subdomain that is part of the Active Directory tree to which Orchestrator is
connected. You can add permissions on any groups that can be accessed from your Global Catalog.

Example: Values and Resulting LDAP Connection URL Addresses
Examples of the values that you enter in the required fields and the resulting LDAP connection URL.

LDAP host: DomainController

Port: 389

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Root: ou=employees,dc=company,dc=org

Connection URL: ldap://DomainController:389/ou=employees,dc=company,dc=org
n

LDAP host using Global Catalog: 10.23.90.130

Port: 3268

Root: dc=company,dc=org

Connection URL: ldap://10.23.90.130:3268/dc=company,dc=org
What to do next
Assign credentials to Orchestrator to ensure its access to the LDAP server. See “Specify the Browsing
Credentials,” on page 45.

Specify the Browsing Credentials
Orchestrator must read your LDAP structure to inherit its properties. You can specify the credentials that
Orchestrator uses to connect to an LDAP server.
Prerequisites
Ensure that you have a working LDAP service in your infrastructure and have generated the LDAP
connection URL.
Procedure
1

Click Authentication.

Select LDAP Authentication from the Authentication mode drop-down menu.

Specify the primary and secondary LDAP hosts, the lookup port of the LDAP server, and the root
element.

Type a valid user name (LDAP string) in the User name text box for a user who has browsing
permissions on your LDAP server.
The possible formats in which you can specify the user name in Active Directory are as follows:
n

Bare user name format, for example user.

Distinguished name format: cn=user,ou=employees,dc=company,dc=org.
Use this format with Sun and eDirectory. Do not use spaces between the comma and the next
identifier.

Principal name format: user@company.org.

NetBEUI format: COMPANY\user.

In the Password text box, type the password for the user name you entered in Step 5.

Orchestrator uses the credentials to connect to the LDAP server.
What to do next
Define the LDAP containers for Orchestrator to look up users and groups.

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Define the LDAP User and Group Lookup Paths
You can define the users and groups lookup information.
Two global roles are identified in Orchestrator: Developers and Administrators. The users in the Developers
role have editing privileges on all elements. The users in the Administrators role have unrestricted
privileges. Administrators can manage permissions, or discharge administration duties on a selected set of
elements to any other group or user. These two groups must be contained in the Group lookup base.
Prerequisites
You must have a working LDAP service on your infrastructure.
Procedure
1

Click Authentication.

Select LDAP Authentication from the Authentication mode drop-down menu.

Specify the primary and secondary LDAP hosts, the lookup port of the LDAP server, the root element,
and the browsing credentials.

Define the User lookup base.
This is the LDAP container (the top-level domain name or organizational unit) where Orchestrator
searches for potential users.
a

Click Search and type the top-level domain name or organizational unit.
Searching for company returns dc=company,dc=org and other common names containing the search
term. If you type dc=company,dc=org as a search term, no results are found.

Click the LDAP connection string for the discovered branch to insert it in the User lookup base text
box.
If no matches are found, check your LDAP connection string in the main LDAP page.
NOTE You can connect to the Global Catalog Server through port 3268. It issues LDAP referrals
that Orchestrator follows to find the account or group in a subdomain.

Define the Group lookup base.
This is the LDAP container where Orchestrator looks up groups.

Click Search and type the top-level domain name or organizational unit.

Click the LDAP string for the discovered branch to insert it in the Group lookup base text box.

Define the vRO Admin group.
This must be an LDAP group (like Domain Users) to which you grant administrative privileges for
Orchestrator.
a

Click Search and type the top-level group name.

Click the LDAP string for the discovered branch to insert it in the vRO Admin group text box.

IMPORTANT In eDirectory installations, only the eDirectory administrator can see users or user groups
that have administration rights. If you are using an eDirectory LDAP server, and you log in to
Orchestrator as a member of the vRO Admin group but you are not the eDirectory administrator, you
can create users or user groups with administration rights, but you cannot see those users. This problem
does not apply to other LDAP servers.

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Click the Test Login tab and type credentials for a user to test whether they can access the Orchestrator
smart client.
After a successful login, the system checks if the user is part of the Orchestrator Administrator group.

What to do next
Define the LDAP search options and apply your changes.

Define the LDAP Search Options
You can customize the LDAP search queries and make searching in LDAP more effective.
Procedure
1

Click Authentication.

Select LDAP Authentication from the Authentication mode drop-down menu.

In the Request timeout text box, type a value in milliseconds.
This value determines the period during which the Orchestrator server sends a query to the service
directory, the directory searches, and sends a reply. If the timeout period elapses, modify this value to
check whether the timeout occurs in the Orchestrator server.

(Optional) For all links to be followed before the search operation is performed, select the Dereference
links check box.
Sun Java System Directory Server does not support reference links. If you are using it, you must select
the Dereference links check box.

(Optional) To filter the attributes that the search returns, select the Filter attributes check box.
Selecting this check box makes searching in LDAP faster. However, you might need to use some extra
LDAP attributes for automation later.

(Optional) Select the Ignore referrals check box to disable referral handling.
When you select the check box, the system does not display any referrals.

In the Host reachable timeout text box, type a value in milliseconds.
This value determines the timeout period for the test checking the status of the destination host.

Click Apply changes.

On the Authentication tab, the red triangle changes to a green circle to indicate that the component is now
configured correctly.
What to do next
Configure the database. For more information, see “Configuring the Orchestrator Database Connection,” on
page 48.

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Common Active Directory LDAP Errors
When you encounter the LDAP:error code 49 error message and experience problems connecting to your
LDAP authentication server, you can check which LDAP function is causing the problem.
Table 5‑3. Common Active Directory Authentication Errors
Error

Description

525

The user is not found.

52e

The user credentials are not valid.

530

The user is not allowed to log in at this time.

531

The user is not allowed to log in to this workstation.

532

The password has expired.

533

This user account has been disabled.

701

This user account has expired.

773

The user must reset their password.

775

The user account has been locked.

Configuring the Orchestrator Database Connection
The Orchestrator server requires a database for storing data.
The type of Orchestrator installation determines the kind of database it works with.
n

When you install Orchestrator standalone, the Orchestrator server is preconfigured to work with an
embedded database.

When you download and deploy the Orchestrator Appliance, the Orchestrator server is preconfigured
to work with the PostgreSQL database embedded in the appliance.

The embedded and PostgreSQL databases are suitable only for small-scale, medium-scale, and testing
environments. If you decide to use an embedded database, you cannot set up Orchestrator to work in cluster
mode, or change any licenses and the server certificate by using the Orchestrator configuration interface. To
change the license key and the server certificate without changing the database, you must run the
configuration workflows by using either the Orchestrator client or the REST API. For more information
about running the configuration workflows by using the Orchestrator client, see Using the
VMware vRealize Orchestrator Plug-Ins. For instructions about running the configuration workflows by using
the REST API, see Chapter 7, “Configuring Orchestrator by Using the Configuration Plug-In and the REST
API,” on page 69.
For better performance in a production environment, install a relational database management system
(RDBMS) and create a new database for Orchestrator. For more information about creating a new database
for Orchestrator, see “Setting Up the Orchestrator Database,” on page 18. If you decide to use a separate
database, configure the database for remote connection. For an example of configuring SQL Server Express
for remote connection, see “Configure SQL Server Express to Use with Orchestrator,” on page 48.

Configure SQL Server Express to Use with Orchestrator
You can use Microsoft SQL Server Express in small-scale environments.
Orchestrator can work with SQL Server Express when the deployment does not exceed 5 hosts and 50
virtual machines.
To use SQL Server Express with Orchestrator, you must configure the database to enable TCP/IP.

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Chapter 5 Configuring vRealize Orchestrator

Procedure
1

Click Start > All Programs > Microsoft SQL Server 2008 R2 > Configuration Tools > SQL Server
Configuration Manager.

Expand in the list on the left.

Click Protocols for SQLEXPRESS.

Right-click TCP/IP and select Enable.

Right-click TCP/IP and select Properties.

Click the IP Addresses tab.

Under IP1, IP2, and IPAll, set the TCP Port value to 1433.

Click OK.

Click on the left.

Restart the SQL Server.

What to do next
Configure the Orchestrator database connection parameters.

Import the Database SSL Certificate
If your database uses SSL, you must import the SSL certificate to the Orchestrator configuration interface
and activate secure connection between Orchestrator and the database.
You can import the database SSL certificate from the SSL Trust Manager tab in the Orchestrator
configuration interface.
Prerequisites
n

Configure your database for SSL access. See your database documentation for instructions.

Obtain a self-signed server certificate or a certificate that is signed by a Certificate Authority.

Explicitly specify the trusted certificate to perform the SSL authorization correctly.

Procedure
1

Click Network.

In the right pane, click the SSL Trust Manager tab.

Load the database SSL certificate from a URL or a file.
Option

Action

Import from URL

Type the URL of the database server:
https://your_database_server_IP_address or
your_database_server_IP_address:port

Import from file

Obtain the database SSL certificate file and browse to import it.

Click Import.
A message confirming that the import is successful appears.

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Click Startup Options.

Installing and Configuring VMware vRealize Orchestrator

Click Restart the vRO configuration server to restart the Orchestrator Configuration service after
adding a new SSL certificate.

The imported certificate appears in the Imported Certificates list. The secure connection between
Orchestrator and your database is activated.
What to do next
When you configure the database connection you should enable SSL on the Database tab in the Orchestrator
configuration interface.

Configure the Database Connection
To establish a connection to the Orchestrator database, you must set the database connection parameters.
Prerequisites
n

Set up a new database to use with the Orchestrator server. See “Setting Up the Orchestrator Database,”
on page 18.

If you are using an SQL Server database configured to use dynamic ports, verify that the SQL Server
Browser service is running.

To prevent possible transactional deadlocks when the database is Microsoft SQL Server database, set
the ALLOW_SNAPSHOT_ISOLATION and READ_COMMITTED_SNAPSHOT database options on.

To avoid an ORA-01450 error when using the Oracle database, verify that you have configured the
database block size properly. The minimum allowed size depends on the block size your Oracle
database index is using.

To store characters in the correct format in an Oracle database, set the NLS_CHARACTER_SET parameter to
AL32UTF8 before configuring the database connection and building the table structure for Orchestrator.

This setting is crucial for an internationalized environment.
n

To configure Orchestrator to communicate with the database over a secure connection, make sure that
you import the database SSL certificate. For more information, see “Import the Database SSL
Certificate,” on page 49.

Procedure

Click Database.

From the Select the database type drop-down menu, select the type of database that you want
Orchestrator server to use.
Option

Description

Oracle

Configures Orchestrator to work with an Oracle database instance.

SQL Server

Configures Orchestrator to work with a Microsoft SQL Server or Microsoft
SQL Server Express database instance.

PostgreSQL

Configures Orchestrator to work with a PostgreSQL database instance.

vDB

Configures Orchestrator to work with the vCenter Server database.

Embedded Database

Configures Orchestrator to work with the embedded database.

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Define the database connection parameters and click Apply changes.
Option

Description

User name

The user name that Orchestrator uses to connect and operate the selected
database. The name you select must be a valid user on the target database
with db_owner rights.
This option is applicable for all databases.

Password (if any)

The password for the user name.
This option is applicable for all databases.

Use SSL

Select to use an SSL connection to the database. To use this option, you
must make sure that you import the database SSL certificate into
Orchestrator.
This option is applicable for all databases.

Database server IP address or DNS
name

The database server IP address or DNS name.
This option is applicable for all databases.

Port

The database server port is used for communication to your database.
This option is applicable for all databases.

Database name

The full unique name of your database. The database name is specified in
the SERVICE_NAMES parameter in the initialization parameter file.
This option is valid only for SQL Server, and PostgreSQL databases.

Instance name (if any)

The name of the database instance that can be identified by the
INSTANCE_NAME parameter in the database initialization parameter file.
This option is valid only for SQL Server and Oracle databases.

Domain

To use Windows authentication, type the domain name of the SQL Server
machine, for example company.org.
To use SQL authentication, leave this text box blank.
This option is valid only for SQL Server and specifies whether you want to
use Windows or SQL Server authentication.

Use Windows authentication mode
(NTLMv2)

Select to send NTLMv2 responses when using Windows authentication.
This option is valid only for SQL Server.

If the specified parameters are correct, a message states that the connection to the database is successful.
NOTE Although Orchestrator has established a connection to the database, the database configuration
is not yet complete. You must build or update the database table structure.
5

(Optional) Build or update the table structure for Orchestrator.
Option

Description

Create the database tables

Builds a new table structure for the Orchestrator database.

Update the database

Uses the database from your previous Orchestrator installation and
updates the table structure.

After the database is populated, you can reset the database access rights to db_dataread and
db_datawrite.
6

Click Apply changes.

The database connection is successfully configured. On the Database tab, the red triangle changes to a green
circle to indicate that the component is now configured correctly.

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Example: Configure Orchestrator to Work with SQL Server Express by Using
Windows Authentication Mode
If you want to use Orchestrator in small scale deployments for testing purposes, you might want to use SQL
Server Express 2008. After you create a new database, for example Orchestrator, and enable it for remote
connection, perform the following steps to configure the database connection:
1

Click the Database tab.

From the Select the database type drop-down menu, select SQLServer.

In the User name and Password (if any) text boxes, type your Windows credentials.

In the Database server IP address or DNS name text box, type the IP address of the machine on which
Orchestrator and the database are installed.

In the Port text box, type the TCP/IP port of SQL Server, which usually is 1433.

In the Database name text box, type the name of the SQL Server Express database you created, for
example Orchestrator.

In the Instance name (if any) text box, type the name of the database instance.
You can leave this field blank if you have only one instance of SQL Server installed on the machine.

In the Domain text box, either type the domain name of the machine on which Orchestrator and the
database are installed, or type localhost.

Select Use Windows authentication mode (NTLMv2).

Click Apply.

Build or update the database as necessary and click Apply changes.

You successfully configured Orchestrator to work with SQL Server Express by using Windows
authentication mode.

Server Certificate
The Package Signing Certificate is a form of digital identification that is used to guarantee encrypted
communication and a signature for your Orchestrator packages.
Issued for a particular server and containing information about the server’s public key, the certificate allows
you to sign all elements created in Orchestrator and guarantee authenticity. When the client receives an
element from your server, typically a package, the client verifies your identity and decides whether to trust
your signature.
IMPORTANT You cannot change the server certificate by using the Orchestrator configuration interface if
Orchestrator uses an embedded database. To change the server certificates without changing the database
settings, you must run the configuration workflows by using either the Orchestrator client or the REST API.
For more information about running the configuration workflows by using the Orchestrator client, see Using
the VMware vRealize Orchestrator Plug-Ins. For detailed instructions about running the configuration
workflows by using the REST API, see Chapter 7, “Configuring Orchestrator by Using the Configuration
Plug-In and the REST API,” on page 69.
n

Create a Self-Signed Server Certificate on page 53
Deploying the Orchestrator Appliance requires that you create a certificate. You can create a selfsigned certificate to guarantee encrypted communication and a signature for your packages. However,
the recipient cannot be sure that the self-signed package that you are sending is in fact a package
issued by your server and not a third party claiming to be you.

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Chapter 5 Configuring vRealize Orchestrator

Obtain a Server Certificate Signed by a Certificate Authority on page 53
To provide recipients with an acceptable level of trust that the package was created by your server,
certificates are typically signed by a certificate authority (CA). Certificate authorities guarantee that
you are who you claim to be, and as a token of their verification, they sign your certificate with their
own.

Import a Server Certificate on page 54
You can import a server certificate and use it with Orchestrator.

Export a Server Certificate on page 54
The server certificate private key is stored in the vmo_keystore table of the Orchestrator database. In
case you lose or delete this key, or if you bind the Orchestrator server to a different database, the
contents of the exported packages signed with this certificate become unavailable. To ensure that
packages are decrypted on import, you must save this key to a local file.

Changing a Self-Signed Server Certificate on page 55
If you want to sign your packages with a server certificate different from the one you used for the
initial Orchestrator configuration, you must export all your packages and change the Orchestrator
database.

Create a Self-Signed Server Certificate
Deploying the Orchestrator Appliance requires that you create a certificate. You can create a self-signed
certificate to guarantee encrypted communication and a signature for your packages. However, the recipient
cannot be sure that the self-signed package that you are sending is in fact a package issued by your server
and not a third party claiming to be you.
Procedure
1

Click Server Certificate.

Click Create certificate database and self-signed server certificate.

Type the relevant information.

From the drop-down menu, select a country.

Click Create.

Orchestrator generates a server certificate that is unique to your environment. The details about the
certificate's public key appear in the Server Certificate window. The certificate's private key is stored in the
vmo_keystore table of the Orchestrator database.
What to do next
For disaster recovery purposes, you can save the certificate private key to a local file.

Obtain a Server Certificate Signed by a Certificate Authority
To provide recipients with an acceptable level of trust that the package was created by your server,
certificates are typically signed by a certificate authority (CA). Certificate authorities guarantee that you are
who you claim to be, and as a token of their verification, they sign your certificate with their own.
Procedure
1

Click Server Certificate.

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Installing and Configuring VMware vRealize Orchestrator

Generate a Certificate Signing Request (CSR).
a

Click Export certificate signing request.

Save the VSOcertificate.csr file in your file system when prompted.

Send the CSR file to a Certificate Authority, such as VeriSign or Thawte.
Procedures might vary from one CA to another, but they all require a valid proof of your identity.
The CA returns a certificate that you must import.

Click Import certificate signing request signed by CA and select the file sent by your CA.

Orchestrator uses the server certificate to perform the following tasks:
n

Signs all packages before they are exported by attaching your certificate’s public key to each one.

Displays a user prompt after users import a package that contains elements signed by untrusted
certificates.

What to do next
You can import this certificate on other servers.

Import a Server Certificate
You can import a server certificate and use it with Orchestrator.
IMPORTANT You can import a certificate only if you have not created a self-signed certificate. If you have
already created a certificate in the database, the option to import a certificate is not available.
Procedure
1

Click Server Certificate.

Click Import certificate database.

Browse to select the certificate file to import.

Type the password used to decrypt the content of the imported keystore database.

The details about the imported server certificate appear in the Server Certificate panel.

Export a Server Certificate
The server certificate private key is stored in the vmo_keystore table of the Orchestrator database. In case
you lose or delete this key, or if you bind the Orchestrator server to a different database, the contents of the
exported packages signed with this certificate become unavailable. To ensure that packages are decrypted
on import, you must save this key to a local file.
Prerequisites
You must have created or imported a server certificate.
Procedure

Click Server Certificate.

Click Export certificate database.

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Chapter 5 Configuring vRealize Orchestrator

Type a password to encrypt the content of the exported keystore database.
You must enter this password again when importing the file.

Click Export.

Save the vmo-server.vmokeystore file when prompted.

Changing a Self-Signed Server Certificate
If you want to sign your packages with a server certificate different from the one you used for the initial
Orchestrator configuration, you must export all your packages and change the Orchestrator database.
This workflow describes the process to change the Orchestrator self-signed certificate.
1

Export all your packages by using the Orchestrator client.
a

Select Administer from the drop-down menu in the left upper corner of the Orchestrator client.

Click the Packages view.

Right-click the package to export and select Export package.

Browse to select a location to save the package to and click Save.

Leave the View content, Add to package, and Edit contents options selected.
CAUTION Do not sign the package with your current certificate. You must not encrypt the package.
When you delete the certificate database, the private key is lost and the contents of the exported
package become unavailable.

(Optional) Deselect the Export the values of the configuration settings check box if you do not
want to export the values of the configuration elements attributes in the package.

(Optional) Deselect the Export version history check box if you do not want to export the version
history.

Click Save.

Create a new database and configure Orchestrator to work with it.
You configure the Orchestrator database connection by using the Orchestrator configuration interface.
For more information about setting up the Orchestrator database, see “Configure the Database
Connection,” on page 50.

(Optional) Export the Orchestrator configuration to back up your configuration data in case you want
to use the old database and the old SSL certificate.
You can export the Orchestrator configuration by using the Orchestrator configuration interface. For
more information, see “Export the Orchestrator Configuration,” on page 81.

(Optional) Back up your database if you want to retain the old data.
The database that you bind Orchestrator to must not contain records in the vmo_keystore table.

Create a new self-signed certificate or import a server certificate signed by a certification authority.
You can create and import self-signed certificates by using the Orchestrator configuration interface. For
more information, see “Server Certificate,” on page 52.

Import your license keys.
You can configure the license settings from the Orchestrator configuration interface. For more
information, see “Import the vCenter Server License,” on page 59.

Reinstall the default Orchestrator plug-ins.
a

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On the Orchestrator configuration interface, click the Troubleshooting tab.

Installing and Configuring VMware vRealize Orchestrator

b
8

Click the Reset current version link.

Restart the Orchestrator server.
a

On the Orchestrator configuration interface, click the Startup options tab.

Click the Restart service link.

Reimport your packages.
a

Select Administer from the drop-down menu in the left upper corner of the Orchestrator client.

Click the Packages view.

Right-click under the available packages, and from the pop-up menu, select Import package.

Browse to the package to import and click Open.

Click Import or Import and trust provider.

(Optional) Deselect the Import the values of the configuration settings check box if you do not
want to import the values of the configuration elements attributes from the package.

Click Import checked elements.

The server certificate change is effective at the next package export.

Configure the Orchestrator Plug-Ins
To deploy the standard set of plug-ins when the Orchestrator server starts, the Orchestrator system must
authenticate against an LDAP or vCenter Single Sign-On server. You first specify the administrative
credentials that Orchestrator uses with the plug-ins, and enable or disable plug-ins.
If you change the Orchestrator database after configuring and installing the plug-ins, you must click the
Reset current version link on the Troubleshooting tab. This operation deletes the install_directory\appserver\conf\plugins\_VSOPluginInstallationVersion.xml file, which contains information about the
version of the plug-ins already installed, and forces plug-in reinstallation.
Prerequisites
Set up an LDAP or vCenter Single Sign-On server and configure the Orchestrator authentication settings.
Procedure
1

Click Plug-ins.

Type the credentials for a user who is a member of the Orchestrator administrators group that you
specified on the Authentication tab.
When the Orchestrator server starts, the system uses these credentials to set up the plug-ins. The system
checks the enabled plug-ins and performs any necessary internal installations such as package import,
policy run, script launch, and so on.

(Optional) To disable a plug-in, deselect the check box next to it.
This action does not remove the plug-in file.

Click Apply changes.

The first time the server starts, it installs the selected plug-ins.
What to do next
You can configure the settings for Mail and SSH plug-ins.

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Chapter 5 Configuring vRealize Orchestrator

Define the Default SMTP Connection
The Mail plug-in is installed together with the Orchestrator server and is used for email notifications. The
only option available for this plug-in is to use default values for new mail messages. You can set the default
email account.
Avoid load balancers when configuring mail in Orchestrator. You might receive SMTP_HOST_UNREACHABLE
error.
Procedure
1

Click Mail.

Select the Define default values check box and fill in the required text boxes.

Text Box

Description

SMTP host

Enter the IP address or domain name of your SMTP server.

SMTP port

Enter a port number to match your SMTP configuration.
The default SMTP port is 25.

User name

Enter a valid email account.
This is the email account Orchestrator uses to send emails.

Password

Enter the password associated with the user name.

From name and address

Enter the sender information to appear in all emails sent by Orchestrator.

Click Apply changes.

Configure the SSH Plug-In
You can set up the SSH plug-in to ensure encrypted connections.
Procedure
1

Click SSH.

Click New connection.

In the Host name text box, type the host to access with SSH through Orchestrator.
NOTE No username and password are required because Orchestrator uses the credentials of the
currently logged-in user to run SSH commands. You must reproduce the accounts you want to work on
SSH on target hosts from the LDAP server.

Click Apply changes.
The host is added to the list of SSH connections.

(Optional) Configure an entry path on the server.
a

Click New root folder.

Enter the new path and click Apply changes.

The SSH host is available in the Inventory view of the Orchestrator client.

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Installing and Configuring VMware vRealize Orchestrator

Configure the vCenter Server Plug-In
You can configure Orchestrator to connect to your vCenter Server instances by running the vCenter
workflows in the Orchestrator client.
To manage the objects in your vSphere inventory by using the vSphere Web Client, make sure that you
configure the Orchestrator server to work with the same vCenter Single Sign-On instance to which both
vCenter Server and vSphere Web Client are pointing. You must also ensure that Orchestrator is registered as
a vCenter Server extension. You register Orchestrator as a vCenter Server extension when you specify a user
(by providing the user name and password), who has the privileges to manage vCenter Server extensions.
What to do next
Import the SSL certificates for each vCenter Server instance that you defined.

Installing a New Plug-In
After you configure the default Orchestrator plug-ins, you might want to install a new plug-in.
All Orchestrator plug-ins are installed from the Orchestrator configuration interface. The allowed file
extensions are .vmoapp and .dar. A .vmoapp file can contain a collection of several .dar files and can be
installed as an application, while a .dar file contains all the resources associated with one plug-in.
You install .vmoapp files from the General tab of the Orchestrator configuration interface, and .dar files from
the Plug-ins tab.

Install a New Plug-In Distributed as a DAR File
After you configure the default Orchestrator plug-ins you might want to install a new .dar plug-in.
Procedure
1

Click the Plug-ins tab.

Click the magnifying glass icon under Install new plug-in.

Browse to locate the .dar file, and click Open.

Click Upload and install.

The installed plug-in file is stored in the install_directory\app-server\plugins folder.

Install a New Plug-In Distributed as a VMOAPP File
After you configure the default Orchestrator plug-ins, you might want to install a new .vmoapp plug-in.
Procedure
1

On the General tab, click Install Application.

Click the magnifying glass icon.

Browse to locate the .vmoapp file, and click Open.

Click Install.
The tab for the plug-in appears in the Orchestrator configuration interface.

On the Startup Options tab, click Restart service to complete the plug-in installation.

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Chapter 5 Configuring vRealize Orchestrator

You successfully installed the plug-in. Every time you install a .vmoapp plug-in, a validation is made on the
server configuration. In most cases, you must perform additional configuration steps on a tab that the new
application adds to the Orchestrator configuration interface.

Importing the vCenter Server License
To complete the configuration process for the Orchestrator server, you must import the vCenter Server
license. The set of plug-ins delivered with Orchestrator does not require a license. If you add a plug-in that
requires a license, you must import the license.
The procedure for installing plug-in licenses is the same as that for adding a vCenter Server license
manually.
You cannot import a license key from the Orchestrator configuration interface if Orchestrator uses
embedded database. To import the license without changing the database, run the respective configuration
workflows by using either the Orchestrator client or the REST API. For more information about running the
configuration workflows by using the Orchestrator client, see Using the VMware vRealize OrchestratorPlug-Ins.
For information about running the configuration workflows by using the REST API, see Chapter 7,
“Configuring Orchestrator by Using the Configuration Plug-In and the REST API,” on page 69.

Import the vCenter Server License
If the version of your vCenter Server is later than version 4.0, you must import the vCenter Server license.
Prerequisites
n

Verify that the Orchestrator database is not embedded. Otherwise, the Licenses tab is dimmed.

Import the SSL certificate for the licensed vCenter Server host. See “Import the vCenter Server SSL
Certificate,” on page 37.

Procedure
1

Click Licenses.

On the vCenter Server License tab, provide the details about the vCenter Server host on which
Orchestrator must verify the license key.
a

In the Host text box, type the IP address or the DNS name of the vCenter Server host.

In the Port text box, leave the default value, 443.

(Optional) Select the Secure channel check box to establish a secure connection to the
vCenter Server host.

In the Path text box, use the default value, /sdk.
This is the location of the SDK that you use to connect to your vCenter Server instance.

In the User name and Password text boxes, type the credentials that Orchestrator must use to
establish the connection to vCenter Server.
The user you select must be a valid user with administrative privileges on your vCenter Server,
preferably at the top of the vSphere tree structure.

(Optional) To view details of the license to import, click License details.

Click Apply changes.

(Optional) To view the license details, click the name of the imported license.

Start the Orchestrator server.

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Installing and Configuring VMware vRealize Orchestrator

The Orchestrator server is now configured correctly.

Add the vCenter Server License Key Manually
If the version of your vCenter Server is earlier than version 4.0, you must add the license key manually.
Prerequisites
n

Verify that the Orchestrator database is not embedded. Otherwise, the Licenses tab is dimmed.

Import the SSL certificate for the licensed vCenter Server host. See “Import the vCenter Server SSL
Certificate,” on page 37.

Procedure
1

Click Licenses.

On the vCenter Server License tab, select Add vCenter Server license manually.

In the Serial number text box, type your vCenter Server license key.

In the License owner text box, type a name for the owner of the license.

Click Apply changes.

Start the Orchestrator server.

Access Rights to Orchestrator Server
The type of vCenter Server license you apply in the Orchestrator configuration interface determines whether
you get read-only or full access to the Orchestrator server capabilities.
Table 5‑4. Orchestrator Server Modes
vCenter Server License Edition

vRealize Orchestrator Mode

Description

Standard

Server

You are granted full read and write
privileges to all Orchestrator elements.
You can run and edit workflows.

Foundation

Player

You are granted read privileges on all
Orchestrator elements. You can run
workflows but you cannot edit them.

Essentials

Player

You are granted read privileges on all
Orchestrator elements. You can run
workflows but you cannot edit them.

Evaluation

Server

You are granted full read and write
privileges to all Orchestrator elements.
You can run and edit workflows.

NOTE All predefined workflows are locked as read-only by design. To edit a standard workflow, you must
duplicate the workflow and make changes to the duplicated workflow.

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Chapter 5 Configuring vRealize Orchestrator

Selecting the Orchestrator Server Mode
By default, the Orchestrator server runs as a single instance in standalone mode. To increase the availability
of the Orchestrator services, you can set up the Orchestrator server to work in cluster mode and start
multiple Orchestrator server instances in a cluster with a shared database.
Orchestrator supports two server modes.
Standalone mode

The Orchestrator server runs as a standalone instance.

Cluster mode

Multiple Orchestrator server instances with identical server and plug-ins'
configurations work together in a cluster and share one database. Only the
active Orchestrator server instances respond to client requests and run
workflows.
All Orchestrator server instances communicate with each other by
exchanging heartbeats. Each heartbeat is a timestamp that the node writes to
the cluster shared database at a certain time interval. Network problems, an
unresponsive database server, or overloading might cause an Orchestrator
cluster node to stop responding. If an active Orchestrator server instance fails
to send heartbeats for the failover timeout, it is considered as nonresponsive. The failover timeout is equal to the value of the heartbeat
interval multiplied by the number of the failover heartbeats. It serves as a
definition for an unreliable node and must be customized according to the
available resources and the production load.
The non-responsive node is automatically shut down and one of the inactive
instances takes control to resume all interrupted workflows from their last
not completed items, such as scriptable tasks, workflow invocations, and so
on. You can restart the node that was shut down by using an external script
based on the Orchestrator REST API or manually.
Orchestrator does not provide a built-in tool for monitoring the cluster status
and sending notifications in case of a failover. You can monitor the cluster
state by using an external component such as a load balancer. To identify if a
node is running, you can check if the REST API of this node is responding
properly.

IMPORTANT In cluster mode, when more than one Orchestrator server is active, the use of the Orchestrator
client is not supported. If you have more than one active Orchestrator node in a cluster, when different users
use the different Orchestrator nodes to modify one and the same resource, concurrency problems occur. To
have more than one active Orchestrator server node in a cluster, you must develop the workflows that you
need when Orchestrator is in standalone mode, and after that set up Orchestrator to work in cluster mode.

Configure an Orchestrator Cluster
To increase the availability of Orchestrator services, you can configure a cluster of Orchestrator server
instances.
An Orchestrator cluster consists of at least two Orchestrator server instances that share one database.
IMPORTANT To work properly in the cluster, all Orchestrator server instances must be configured identically
with each other and must have the same plug-ins installed. After you set up the Orchestrator cluster, do not
change the configurations of its nodes.

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Installing and Configuring VMware vRealize Orchestrator

Prerequisites
n

Configure the database that you plan to use as a shared database to accept multiple connections, so that
it can accept connections from the different Orchestrator instances.
To prevent possible transactional deadlocks when the database is Microsoft SQL Server database, you
must set the ALLOW_SNAPSHOT_ISOLATION and READ_COMMITTED_SNAPSHOT database options on.

Install and configure at least two identical Orchestrator server instances.
If you export the configuration of one Orchestrator server instance and import it to another
Orchestrator server or if you clone the machine on which the Orchestrator server is running, you must
type the credentials for the new Orchestrator server that you want to use to establish the connection to
your vCenter Server instance. You can do this on the vCenter Server tab of the Orchestrator
configuration interface.

Verify that the Orchestrator instances use the same database.

Synchronize the clocks of the machines on which the Orchestrator server instances are installed.

Procedure
1

Click Server Availability.

Select the Cluster mode check box.
If you have configured the Orchestrator server nodes properly, Orchestrator detects the other nodes
when you select the check box.

(Optional) Provide values for the Cluster mode settings and click Apply changes.
Option

Description

Number of active nodes

Heartbeat interval (milliseconds)

The time interval, in milliseconds, between two network heartbeats that an
Orchestrator node sends to show that it is running.
The default value is 5000 milliseconds.

Number of failover heartbeats

The number of heartbeats that can be missed before an Orchestrator node
is considered failed.
The default value is 12 heartbeats.

The default failover timeout is 1 minute and is equal to the value of the default heartbeat interval
multiplied by the number of the default failover heartbeats.
5

Repeat Step 3 and Step 4.

You have set up an Orchestrator cluster.

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Chapter 5 Configuring vRealize Orchestrator

What to do next
You can add more Orchestrator cluster nodes.
IMPORTANT When you configure Orchestrator to work in cluster mode, you must first start one of the
Orchestrator servers and wait until it starts and initializes the database. A cluster node is considered
running when on the Server Availability tab, the node appears under Started cluster nodes with a Running
status. If you start more than one Orchestrator servers at the same time, concurrency issues occur as all of
the started Orchestrator servers try to initialize the database.

Configure Orchestrator to Work with the vSphere 6.0 Infrastructure
You can use the vSphere 6.0 infrastructure node to configure authentication, licensing, and vCenter Server
plug-in settings for vRealize Orchestrator.
Procedure
1

On the General tab, click vSphere Configuration.

In the Component Manager URL text box, enter the IP address or host name for your infrastructure
node.
https://your_infrastructure_node/cm

In the Component Manager user name and Component Manager password text boxes, enter the
credentials of a vCenter Single Sign-On user with sufficient permissions to query services and register
solution users in vCenter Single Sign-On and click Look up data.

Select the vRealize Orchestrator options you want to configure.
You can later make changes by running workflows in the Orchestrator client, or through the
Orchestrator configuration interface.

Option

Action

Import Certificates

Import the vCenter Server certificates. Import Certificates must be
selected if you are configuring Orchestrator for the first time.

Configure SSO

Change the server mode to SSO Authentication and configure a
connection to a VMware vCenter Single Sign-On.
a Select an Orchestrator administrative domain.
b (Optional) Use a filter for the Single Sign-On groups of the selected
domain.
c Select an Orchestrator administrative group.

Configure Licensing

Select this option if you want to use the vSphere licensing service.

Configure vCenter Server plug-in

Select one or more vCenter Server instances for Orchestrator to connect to.

Restart the Orchestrator server service, by clicking Restart service in the Startup Options tab.

You have successfully configured Orchestrator to work with the vSphere 6.0 infrastructure.

Start the Orchestrator Server
To work with Orchestrator, ensure that the Orchestrator server service has started.
Prerequisites
n

VMware, Inc.

If you installed Orchestrator standalone, verify that your system has at least 4 GB of RAM. The
Orchestrator server might not start if your system does not meet this requirement.

Installing and Configuring VMware vRealize Orchestrator

Verify that all the status indicators display a green circle. You cannot start the Orchestrator server if any
of the components is not configured properly.

Procedure
1

Click Startup Options.

If the Orchestrator server has stopped, click Start service.
The Orchestrator server status appears as Service is starting. The first boot can take 5-10 minutes
because the server is installing the Orchestrator plug-ins content in the database tables.
A message states that the service has started successfully.

(Optional) To see the Orchestrator server status, update the page by clicking the Refresh link.
The Orchestrator server status can be Running, Not available, and Stopped.

What to do next
Log in to the Orchestrator client, and run or schedule workflows on the vCenter Server inventory objects or
other objects that Orchestrator accesses through its plug-ins.

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Configuring vRealize Orchestrator in
the Orchestrator Appliance

Although the Orchestrator Appliance is a preconfigured Linux-based virtual machine, you must configure
the default vCenter Server plug-in as well as the other default Orchestrator plug-ins. In addition, you might
also want to change the Orchestrator settings.
For instructions about installing and configuring the default Mail and SSH plug-ins, see “Define the Default
SMTP Connection,” on page 57 and “Configure the SSH Plug-In,” on page 57.
If you want to use the Orchestrator Appliance in a medium or large-scale environment, you might want to
also change the LDAP and database settings.
NOTE LDAP authentication is deprecated.
The Orchestrator Appliance contains a preconfigured PostgreSQL database and OpenLDAP server. The
PostgreSQL database and OpenLDAP server are accessible only locally from the virtual appliance Linux
console.
Preconfigured Software

Default User Group (if any) and User

Password

PostgreSQL

User: vmware

vmware

OpenLDAP

User group: vcoadmins
User: vcoadmin
By default the vcoadmin user is set up as an Orchestrator administrator.

vcoadmin

OpenLDAP

User group: vcousers
User: vcouser

vcouser

PostgreSQL and OpenLDAP are suitable for small- to medium-scale production environments. To use the
Orchestrator appliance in a large-scale production environment, replace PostgreSQL with an external
database instance and OpenLDAP with an external supported directory service or with VMware vCenter
Single Sign-On. For more information about setting up an external database, see “Configuring the
Orchestrator Database Connection,” on page 48. For information about setting up an external directory
service or vCenter Single Sign-On, see “Selecting the Authentication Type,” on page 38.
Additionally, you can configure the Orchestrator server to work with vCenter Single Sign-On built in the
vCenter Server Appliance.
This chapter includes the following topics:
n

“Log In to the Orchestrator Configuration Interface of the Orchestrator Appliance,” on page 66

“Configure the vCenter Server Plug-In,” on page 66

“Import a vCenter Server SSL Certificate and License,” on page 66

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Installing and Configuring VMware vRealize Orchestrator

Log In to the Orchestrator Configuration Interface of the Orchestrator
Appliance
To edit the default configuration settings of the Orchestrator server in the Orchestrator appliance and to
import a server certificate, you must log in to the Orchestrator configuration interface.
Prerequisites
n

Download and deploy the Orchestrator Appliance.

Verify that the appliance is up and running.

Procedure
1

In a Web browser, go to the IP address of your Orchestrator Appliance virtual machine.
http://orchestrator_appliance_ip

Click Orchestrator Configuration.

Import a vCenter Server SSL Certificate and License
The Orchestrator Appliance is distributed with a built-in evaluation license that expires 90 days after you
power on the appliance for the first time. To continue using the Orchestrator Appliance after the trial period,
you must import a vCenter Server license.
The Orchestrator configuration interface uses a secure connection to communicate with vCenter Server. You
can import the required SSL certificate from a URL or a file.
You cannot change the license key and server certificate if you set up Orchestrator to use the embedded
database. To change the license key and the server certificate when you use embedded database, you must
run the configuration workflows by using either the Orchestrator client or the REST API. For more
information about running the configuration workflows by using the Orchestrator client, see Using the
VMware vRealize Orchestrator Plug-Ins. For detailed instructions about running the configuration workflows
by using the REST API, see Chapter 7, “Configuring Orchestrator by Using the Configuration Plug-In and
the REST API,” on page 69.
Procedure

Click Network.

In the right pane, click the SSL Certificate tab.

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Chapter 6 Configuring vRealize Orchestrator in the Orchestrator Appliance

Load the vCenter Server SSL certificate in Orchestrator from a URL or a file.
Option

Action

Import from URL

Type the URL of the vCenter Server system:
https://your_vcenter_server_IP_address or
your_vcenter_server_IP_address:port

Import from file

Obtain the vCenter Server certificate file. The file is usually available at the
following locations:
n

C:\Documents and
Settings\AllUsers\ApplicationData\VMware\VMware
VirtualCenter\SSL\rui.crt
/etc/vmware/ssl/rui.crt

Click Import.
A message confirming that the import is successful appears.

In the Orchestrator configuration interface, click Licenses.

On the vCenter Server License tab, click Use vCenter Server license.

Set the details about the vCenter Server machine on which Orchestrator must verify the license key.
Option

Action

Host

Type the IP address or the DNS name of the vCenter Server system.

Port

Leave the default value, 443.

Secure channel

(Optional) Select to establish a secure connection to the vCenter Server
system.

Path

Use the default value, /sdk.

User name

Type the credentials that Orchestrator must use to establish the connection
to vCenter Server.
The user you select must be a valid user with administrative privileges on
your vCenter Server system, preferably at the top level of the vSphere tree
structure.

Password

Type the credentials that Orchestrator must use to establish the connection
to vCenter Server.

Click Apply changes.

Restart the Orchestrator server.

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Installing and Configuring VMware vRealize Orchestrator

VMware, Inc.

Configuring Orchestrator by Using
the Configuration Plug-In and the
REST API

In addition to configuring Orchestrator by using the Orchestrator Web Configuration interface, you can
modify the Orchestrator server configuration settings by running workflows included in the Orchestrator
Configuration plug-in.
The Configuration plug-in is included by default in the Orchestrator package. You can access the
Configuration plug-in workflows from either the Orchestrator workflow library or the REST API. These
workflows let you change the settings of the Orchestrator server, such as database, certificates,
authentication, and so on. In addition, you can use REST API methods to import and export the
Orchestrator server configuration and plug-ins.
n

Configure the Network Settings on page 70
You can modify the IP address that the Orchestrator client interface uses to communicate to the server
by running the Configure the network settings workflow in the Configuration plug-in. You can also
configure the network settings by using the REST API.

Configuring Authentication Settings by Using the REST API on page 70
You can modify the Orchestrator authentication settings when you run the workflows in the
Configuration plug-in by using the Orchestrator client or the REST API.

Configure the Database Connection by Using the REST API on page 73
You can modify the Orchestrator database connection when you run a workflow from the
Configuration plug-in. You can also configure the database connection by using the REST API.

Create a Self-Signed Server Certificate by Using the REST API on page 74
You can create a self-signed certificate by running a workflow from the Configuration plug-in or by
using the REST API.

Managing SSL Certificates by Using the REST API on page 75
In addition to managing SSL certificates by using the Orchestrator configuration interface, you can
also manage trusted certificates when you run workflows from the Configuration plug-in or by using
the REST API.

Importing Licenses by Using the REST API on page 76
You can import licenses by running a Configuration plug-in workflow or by using the REST API.

VMware, Inc.

Installing and Configuring VMware vRealize Orchestrator

Configure the Network Settings
You can modify the IP address that the Orchestrator client interface uses to communicate to the server by
running the Configure the network settings workflow in the Configuration plug-in. You can also configure
the network settings by using the REST API.
Make sure that the network provides a fixed IP, which is obtained by using a properly configured DHCP
server (using reservations) or by setting a static IP. The Orchestrator server requires that the IP address
remains constant while it is running.
The Configuration plug-in contains a workflow for configuring the Orchestrator network settings. To
change the network settings of the Orchestrator server, you can run the Configure the network settings
workflow by navigating to Configuration > Network in the Workflows view of the Orchestrator client. In
addition, you can also run the workflow by using the Orchestrator REST API.
For more information about configuring the Orchestrator database connection by using the Orchestrator
configuration interface, see “Configure the Network Connection,” on page 35.
Procedure
1

Make a GET request at the URL of the Workflow service of the Configure the network settings workflow.
GET https://{orchestrator_host}:{port}/vco/api/workflows?conditions=name=Configure network
settings

Retrieve the definition of the workflow by making a GET request at the URL of the definition.
To retrieve the definition of the Configure the network settings workflow, make the following GET
request:
GET https://{orchestrator_host}:{port}/vco/api/workflows/440c9173-0866-4819-b4c9-f5e15004fd4c

Make a POST request at the URL that holds the execution objects of the workflow.
For the Configure the network settings workflow, make the following POST request:
POST https://{orchestrator_host}:
{port}/vco/api/workflows/9643be91-35fc-49a9-819b-56e3bffc7705/executions

Provide values for the input parameters of the workflow in an execution-context element in the request
body.
Option

Description

The IP address to which you want to bind the Orchestrator server

HTTPS

The HTTPS server port

Configuring Authentication Settings by Using the REST API
You can modify the Orchestrator authentication settings when you run the workflows in the Configuration
plug-in by using the Orchestrator client or the REST API.
The Configuration plug-in contains workflows that enable you to configure the authentication settings of an
Orchestrator server. You can access these workflows by navigating to Configuration > Authentication in
the Workflows view of the Orchestrator client. In addition, you can also run these workflows by using the
Orchestrator REST API. For information about configuring the supported authentication types, see
“Selecting the Authentication Type,” on page 38.

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Chapter 7 Configuring Orchestrator by Using the Configuration Plug-In and the REST API

Configure LDAP Authentication by Using the REST API
You can configure the LDAP authentication settings by running a Configuration workflow or by using the
REST API.
NOTE LDAP authentication is deprecated.
To set up an LDAP directory service and configure Orchestrator to work with it, you can run a configuration
workflow named after the directory service that you want to set up.
For information about configuring LDAP authentication settings by using the Orchestrator configuration
interface, see “Configuring LDAP Settings,” on page 42.
Procedure
1

Make a GET request at the URL of the Workflow service, for the directory service you want to configure.
Option

Description

Configure Active Directory

Configures Active Directory

Configure eDirectory

Configures eDirectory

Configure Embedded LDAP

Configures Embedded LDAP

Configure OpenLDAP

Configures OpenLDAP

Configure Sun One Directory

Configures Sun ONE Directory

For example, to search for the workflow named Configure Active Directory, make the following GET
request:
GET https://{orchestrator_host}:{port}/vco/api/workflows?conditions=name=Configure Active
Directory

Retrieve the definition of the workflow by making a GET request at the URL of the definition.
To retrieve the definition of the Configure Active Directory workflow, make the following GET request:
GET https://{orchestrator_host}:{port}/vco/api/workflows/fde9fale-lbdd-479f-93fi-0426dd2ad06d

Make a POST request at the URL that holds the execution objects of the workflow.
For the Configure Active Directory workflow, make the following POST request:
POST https://{orchestrator_host}:{port}/workflows/fde9falelbdd-479f-93fi-0426dd2ad06d/executions

Provide values for the input parameters of the workflow in an execution-context element in the request
body.
The following parameters are available for all directory services except Embedded LDAP:

VMware, Inc.

Option

Description

port

The port number

primaryHost

The IP address or the DNS name of the host on which your primary LDAP
service runs

secondaryHost

The IP address or the DNS name of the host on which your secondary
LDAP service runs

elementRoot

The root element of the LDAP service

useSSL

Activates encrypted certification for the connection between Orchestrator
and LDAP

userName

The user name of a valid user who has browsing permissions on your
LDAP server

Installing and Configuring VMware vRealize Orchestrator

Option

Description

password

The password for the user name

userLookupBase

The LDAP container (the top-level domain name or organizational unit)
where Orchestrator searches for potential users

groupLookupBase

The LDAP container where Orchestrator searches for groups

vcoAdminGroup

An LDAP group (such as Domain Users) to which you grant
administrative privileges for Orchestrator

requestTimeout

The period within which the Orchestrator server sends a query to the
service directory, the directory searches, and sends a reply

dereferenceLinks

Allows all links to be followed before the search operation is performed

filterAttributes

Allows filtering of the attributes that the search returns

hostReachableTimeout

The timeout period for the test checking the status of the destination host

Register Orchestrator as a vCenter Single Sign-On Solution by Using the REST
API
You can register the Orchestrator server to work with a vCenter Single Sign-On server by running a
Configuration workflow or by using the REST API.
For information about configuring the vCenter Single Sign-On authentication service by using the
Orchestrator configuration interface, see “Configuring vCenter Single Sign-On Settings,” on page 39.
Procedure
1

Make a GET request at the URL of the Configure SSO Workflow service.
GET https://{orchestrator_host}:{port}/vco/api/workflows?conditions=name=Configure SSO

Retrieve the definition of the Configure SSO workflow.
GET
https://{orchestrator_host}:{port}/vco/api/workflows/9ff67fbc-411c-47c7-af80-c81b1215b516

Make a POST request at the URL that holds the execution objects of the Configure SSO workflow.
POST
https://{orchestrator_host}:{port}/vco/api/workflows/9ff67fbc-411c-47c7-af80c81b1215b516/executions

Provide values for the input parameters of the workflow in an execution-context element in the request
body.
Option

Description

mode

The authentication mode

ssoHost

The URL of the machine on which vCenter Single Sign-On is installed

ssoPort

The vCenter Single Sign-On server port

tokenServiceURL

The URL for the vCenter Single Sign-On token service interface

adminServiceURL

The URL for the vCenter Single Sign-On administration service interface

ssoAdminUser

The vCenter Single Sign-On administrator user name

ssoAdminPassword

The vCenter Single Sign-On administrator password

clockTolerance

The time difference between a client clock and a domain controller clock

vcoAdminGroup

The Orchestrator administrator domain group

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Chapter 7 Configuring Orchestrator by Using the Configuration Plug-In and the REST API

Configure the Database Connection by Using the REST API
You can modify the Orchestrator database connection when you run a workflow from the Configuration
plug-in. You can also configure the database connection by using the REST API.
The Configuration plug-in contains workflows for configuring the database types supported by
Orchestrator. To change the settings of the Orchestrator database connection, you can run a workflow
named after the database type you want to configure. You can find these workflows by navigating to
Configuration > Database in the Workflows view of the Orchestrator client. In addition, you can also run
these workflows by using the Orchestrator REST API.
For more information about configuring the Orchestrator database connection by using the Orchestrator
configuration interface, see “Configure the Database Connection,” on page 50.
Procedure
1

Make a GET request at the URL of the Workflow service, for the database connection you want to
configure.
Option

Description

Oracle

Configures Orchestrator to work with an Oracle database instance

Microsoft SQL Server

Configures Orchestrator to work with a Microsoft SQL Server or Microsoft
SQL Server Express database instance

PostgreSQL

Configures Orchestrator to work with a PostgreSQL database instance

Embedded

Configures Orchestrator to work with the embedded database

For example, to search for a workflow named Microsoft SQL Server, make the following GET request:
GET https://{orchestrator_host}:{port}/vco/api/workflows?conditions=name=Microsoft SQL Server

Retrieve the definition of the workflow by making a GET request at the URL of the definition.
To retrieve the definition of the Microsoft SQL Server workflow, make the following GET request:
GET https://{orchestrator_host}:{port}/vco/api/workflows/9643be91-35fc-49a9-819b-56e3bffc7705

Make a POST request at the URL that holds the execution objects of the workflow.
For the Microsoft SQL Server workflow, make the following POST request:
POST https://{orchestrator_host}:
{port}/vco/api/workflows/9643be91-35fc-49a9-819b-56e3bffc7705/executions

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Provide values for the input parameters of the workflow in an execution-context element in the request
body.
Option

Description

host

The database server IP address or DNS name.
This parameter is applicable for all databases.

port

The database server port that allows communication to your database.
This parameter is applicable for all databases.

databaseName

The full unique name of your database. The database name is specified by
the SERVICE_NAMES parameter in the initialization parameter file.
This parameter is valid only for SQL Server, and PostgreSQL workflows.

The name of the database instance that can be identified by the
INSTANCE_NAME parameter in the database initialization parameter file.
This parameter is valid only for SQL Server and Oracle databases.

Installing and Configuring VMware vRealize Orchestrator

Option

Description

domain

To use Windows authentication, type the domain name of the SQL Server
machine, for example company.org.
To use SQL authentication, provide an empty value for this parameter.
This parameter is valid only for SQL server and specifies whether you
want to use Windows or SQL Server authentication.

ntlm2

Select to send NTLMv2 responses when using Windows authentication.
This parameter is valid only for SQL Server.

user

The user name that Orchestrator uses to connect and operate the selected
database. The name you type must be a valid user on the target database
with db_owner rights.
This parameter is applicable for all databases.

password

The password for the user name.
This parameter is applicable for all databases.

ssl

Specifies whether you want to use SSL connection to the database. To use
this parameter, you must import the database SSL certificate into
Orchestrator.
This parameter is applicable for all databases.

Create a Self-Signed Server Certificate by Using the REST API
You can create a self-signed certificate by running a workflow from the Configuration plug-in or by using
the REST API.
The Configuration plug-in contains a workflow for creating a certificate database and inserting a self-signed
server certificate in it. You can access this workflow by navigating to Configuration > Package Signing
Certificate folder in the Workflows view of the Orchestrator client. In addition, you can also run this
workflow by using the Orchestrator REST API.
For information about creating a certificate database and a self-signed server certificate by using the
Orchestrator configuration interface, see “Create a Self-Signed Server Certificate,” on page 53.
Procedure
1

Make a GET request at the URL of the Workflow service of the Create a certificate database and a selfsigned server certificate workflow.
GET https://{orchestrator_host}:{port}/vco/api/workflows?conditions=name=Create a
certificate database and a self-signed server certificate

Retrieve the definition of the Create a certificate database and a self-signed server certificate workflow
by making a GET request at the URL of the definition.
GET https://{orchestrator_host}:{port}/vco/api/workflows/4d6b34ee-86f7-4a30-8ca0-c8d56ac0f74b

Make a POST request at the URL that holds the execution objects of the Create a certificate database and
a self-signed server certificate workflow.
POST https://{orchestrator_host}:{port}/vco/api/workflows/4d6b34ee-86f7-4a30-8ca0c8d56ac0f74b/executions

Provide values for the input parameters of the Create a certificate database and a self-signed server
certificate workflow in an execution-context element in the request body.
Option

Description

commonName

The common name of the certificate that consists of at least six characters

organization

The name of the organization

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Chapter 7 Configuring Orchestrator by Using the Configuration Plug-In and the REST API

Option

Description

organizationalUnit

The name of the organization unit

country

The country code (two characters)

Managing SSL Certificates by Using the REST API
In addition to managing SSL certificates by using the Orchestrator configuration interface, you can also
manage trusted certificates when you run workflows from the Configuration plug-in or by using the REST
API.
The Configuration plug-in contains workflows for importing and deleting SSL certificates. You can access
these workflows by navigating to Configuration > SSL Trust Manager in the Workflows view of the
Orchestrator client. In addition, you can also run these workflows by using the Orchestrator REST API.

Delete an SSL Certificate by Using the REST API
You can delete an SSL certificate by running the Delete trusted certificate workflow of the Configuration
plug-in or by using the REST API.
Procedure
1

Make a GET request at the URL of the Workflow service of the Delete trusted certificate workflow.
GET https://{orchestrator_host}:{port}/vco/api/workflows?conditions=name=Delete trusted
certificate

Retrieve the definition of the Delete trusted certificate workflow by making a GET request at the URL of
the definition.
GET https://{orchestrator_host}:{port}/vco/api/workflows/8a70a326-ffd7-4fef-97e0-2002ac49f5bd

Make a POST request at the URL that holds the execution objects of the Delete trusted certificate
workflow.
POST https://{orchestrator_host}:{port}/vco/api/workflows/8a70a326ffd7-4fef-97e0-2002ac49f5bd/executions/

Provide the name of the certificate you want to delete as an input parameter of the Delete trusted
certificate workflow in an execution-context element in the request body.

Import SSL Certificates by Using the REST API
You can import SSL certificates by running a workflow from the Configuration plug-in or by using the REST
API.
You can import a trusted certificate from a file or a URL. For information about importing the
vCenter Server SSL certificate by using the Orchestrator configuration interface, see “Import the vCenter
Server SSL Certificate,” on page 37.
Procedure
1

VMware, Inc.

Make a GET request at the URL of the Workflow service.
Option

Description

Import trusted certificate from a file

Imports a trusted certificate from a file.

Import trusted certificate from URL

Imports a trusted certificate from a URL address.

Installing and Configuring VMware vRealize Orchestrator

Option

Description

Import trusted certificate from URL
using proxy server

Imports a trusted certificate from a URL address by using a proxy server.

Import trusted certificate from URL
with certificate alias

Imports a trusted certificate with a certificate alias, from a URL address.

To import a trusted certificate from a file, make the following GET request:
GET https://{orchestrator_host}:{port}/vco/api/workflows?conditions=name=Import
trusted certificate from a file

Retrieve the definition of the workflow by making a GET request at the URL of the definition.
To retrieve the definition of the Import trusted certificate from a file workflow, make the following GET
request:
GET https://{orchestrator_host}:{port}/vco/api/workflows/93a7bb21-0255-4750-9293-2437abe9d2e5

Make a POST request at the URL that holds the execution objects of the workflow.
For the Import trusted certificate from a file workflow, make the following POST request:
POST https://{orchestrator_host}:
{port}/vco/api/workflows/93a7bb21-0255-4750-9293-2437abe9d2e5/executions

Provide values for the input parameters of the workflow in an execution-context element of the request
body.
Parameter

Description

cer

The CER file from which you want to import the SSL certificate.
This parameter is applicable for the Import trusted certificate from a file
workflow.

url

The URL from which you want to import the SSL certificate. For non-HTPS
services, the supported format is IP_address_or_DNS_name:port.
This parameter is applicable for the Import trusted certificate from URL
workflow.

Importing Licenses by Using the REST API
You can import licenses by running a Configuration plug-in workflow or by using the REST API.
The Configuration plug-in contains workflows that let you import the vCenter Server license and enter
license keys. You can access these workflows by navigating to Configuration > VMware > License in the
Workflows view of the Orchestrator client. In addition, you can also run these workflows by using the
Orchestrator REST API.

Import the vCenter Server License by Using the REST API
You can import the vCenter Server license by running a workflow from the Configuration plug-in or by
using the REST API.
Procedure
1

Make a GET request at the URL of the Workflow service of the Use vCenter Server license workflow.
GET https://{orchestrator_host}:{port}/vco/api/workflows?conditions=name=Use vCenter server
license

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Chapter 7 Configuring Orchestrator by Using the Configuration Plug-In and the REST API

Retrieve the definition of the Use vCenter Server license workflow by making a GET request at the URL
of the definition.
GET https://{orchestrator_host}:{port}/vco/api/workflows/5f4a37f4-6f8f-4d20-9468-e7018c206952

Make a POST request at the URL that holds the execution objects of the Use vCenter Server license
workflow.
POST https://{orchestrator_host}:{port}/vco/api/workflows/5f4a37f4-6f8f-4d20-9468e7018c206952/executions/

Provide values for the input parameters of the Use vCenter Server license workflow in an executioncontext element in the request body.
Option

Description

host

The IP address or DNS name of the vCenter Server host.

port

The port number of the vCenter Server host.

user name

The user name that Orchestrator must use to establish connection to
vCenter Server. The user must have administrative privileges on your
vCenter Server instance.

password

The password for authenticating on the vCenter Server instance.

Enter a License Key by Using the REST API
You can import a license key by running a workflow from the Configuration plug-in or by using the REST
API.
Procedure
1

Make a GET request at the URL of the Workflow service of the Enter license key workflow.
GET https://{orchestrator_host}:{port}/vco/api/workflows?conditions=name=Enter license key

Retrieve the definition of the Enter license key workflow by making a GET request at the URL of the
definition.
GET https://{orchestrator_host}:{port}/vco/api/workflows/780cb259-a137-46ca-a232-7e06c413af8c

Make a POST request at the URL that holds the execution objects of the Enter license key workflow.
POST https://{orchestrator_host}:{port}/vco/api/workflows/780cb259-a137-46caa232-7e06c413af8c/executions/

VMware, Inc.

Provide values for the input parameters of the Enter license key workflow in an execution-context
element in the request body.
Option

Description

owner

The license owner

serial

The license serial number

Installing and Configuring VMware vRealize Orchestrator

VMware, Inc.

Additional Configuration Options

You can use the Orchestrator configuration interface to change the default Orchestrator behavior.
This chapter includes the following topics:
n

“Change the Password of the Orchestrator Configuration Interface,” on page 79

“Uninstall a Plug-In,” on page 80

“Export the Orchestrator Configuration,” on page 81

“Import the Orchestrator Configuration,” on page 82

“Configure the Expiration Period of Events and the Maximum Number of Runs,” on page 83

“Import Licenses for a Plug-In,” on page 83

“Orchestrator Log Files,” on page 84

Change the Password of the Orchestrator Configuration Interface
You can change the Orchestrator configuration interface password at anytime to avoid potential security
issues.
Prerequisites
Verify that the VMware vRealize Orchestrator Configuration service is running.
Procedure
1

On the General tab, click Change Password.

In the Current password text box, enter your current password.

In the New password text box, enter the new password.

Reenter the new password to confirm it.

Click Apply changes.

VMware, Inc.

Installing and Configuring VMware vRealize Orchestrator

Uninstall a Plug-In
You can use the Orchestrator configuration interface to disable a plug-in, but this does not remove the plugin file from the file system. To remove the plug-in file, you must log in to the machine on which the
Orchestrator server is installed and remove the plug-in file manually.
Procedure
1

Navigate to the Orchestrator plug-in installation folder.
Option

Action

If you installed Orchestrator
standalone

Go to install_directory\VMware\Orchestrator\appserver\conf\plugins

If you installed Orchestrator
Appliance

Go to install_directory/etc/vco/app-server/plugins

Delete the .dar and .war archives that contain the plug-in you want to remove.

Restart the vRealize Orchestrator services.
The plug-in is removed from the Orchestrator configuration interface.

Delete the plug-in configuration files.
Option

Action

If the plug-in configuration is stored
in a configuration file in the default
configuration directory

Delete the plug-in configuration file.
n If you installed Orchestrator standalone, delete that file from
install_directory\VMware\Orchestrator\appserver\conf\plugins
n If you installed Orchestrator Appliance, delete that file from
install_directory/etc/vco/app-server/plugins

If the plug-in has a configuration
tab in the Orchestrator
configuration interface

Remove the configuration tab by deleting the related files.
n If you installed Orchestrator standalone, delete the files from
install_directory\configuration\webapps
n If you installed Orchestrator Appliance, delete the files from
install_directory/usr/lib/vco/configuration/webapps

Select Administer from the drop-down menu in the left upper corner.

Click the Packages view.

Right-click the package to delete, and select Delete element with content.
NOTE Orchestrator elements that are locked in the read-only state, for example workflows in the
standard library, are not deleted.

Click Delete all.

Restart the vRealize Orchestrator services.

You removed all custom workflows, actions, policies, configurations, settings, and resources related to the
plug-in.

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Chapter 8 Additional Configuration Options

Export the Orchestrator Configuration
The Orchestrator configuration interface provides a mechanism to export the Orchestrator configuration
settings to a local file. This mechanism allows you to take a snapshot of your system configuration at any
moment and import this configuration into a new Orchestrator instance.
You should export and save your configuration settings on a regular basis, especially when making
modifications, performing maintenance tasks, or upgrading the system.
For a list of exported configuration settings, see “Orchestrator Configuration Files,” on page 81.
IMPORTANT Keep the file with the exported configuration safe and secure, because it contains sensitive
administrative information.
Procedure
1

On the General tab, click Export Configuration.

(Optional) Type a password to protect the configuration file.
Use the same password when you import the configuration.

Click Export.

Orchestrator creates a vmo_config_dateReference.vmoconfig file on the machine on which the Orchestrator
server is installed. You can use this file to clone or to restore the system.

Orchestrator Configuration Files
When you export the system configuration, a vmo_config_dateReference.vmoconfig file is created locally on
the machine on which the Orchestrator server is installed. It contains all the Orchestrator configuration data.
NOTE Some of the configuration files that are created during the export are empty. For example, the server
configuration data is not exported because the startup options for the Orchestrator server are unique for
each machine where the Orchestrator server is installed. These empty files must be reconfigured, even when
a working configuration was previously imported.
Table 8‑1. Settings Not Saved During Configuration Export
Setting

Description

Licenses

Manually imported licenses are not exported. They are
stored in the Orchestrator database.

Server

The server configuration is reset to Unknown. You must
install the Orchestrator server as a Windows service again.

Table 8‑2. Settings Saved During Configuration Export
Setting

Description

passwordencryptor.key

The key used to encrypt the sensitive data. If the file is not valid, the sensitive
data hashes stored in the database become unusable.

General

The expiration time period of completed events and the maximum number of
workflows recorded.

Network

The IP binding address and the TCP ports used by the different elements of the
Orchestrator server.

Database

The database configuration.

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Installing and Configuring VMware vRealize Orchestrator

Table 8‑2. Settings Saved During Configuration Export (Continued)
Setting

Description

Certificate

The certificates added as trusted authorities.

Authentication

The Signle Sign-On or LDAP server configuration.

Log

The log settings information.

Plug-ins

The list of disabled plug-ins and the account name.

Mail plug-in

The SMTP host, SMTP port, user name, password, sender's name, and sender's
email address.

vCenter Server plug-in

The vCenter Server plug-in configuration.
Each vCenter Server plug-in has an ID element , for example 36907986d951-4f9a-9542-c561f4b94c3f, which is used as an identifier of the
vCenter Server instance.
In case you do not use the export for backup purposes, make sure that you
change the unique ID of the vCenter Server plug-in.

License

The details about the vCenter Server host on which Orchestrator verifies the
license key.

jssecacerts

The certificates added as trusted authorities.

dunes-pk

The internal private key generated for each Orchestrator server instance. It is
used as an identifier. The vCenter Server plug-in uses this key to register to the
vCenter Server instances and uses it for logging in to the vCenter Server
instances. If the key changes, the vCenter Server plug-in cannot log in anymore.

Import the Orchestrator Configuration
You can restore the previously exported system configuration when you reinstall Orchestrator or if a system
failure occurs.
If you use the import procedure for cloning the Orchestrator configuration, the vCenter Server plug-in
configuration becomes invalid and non-working, because a new ID of the vCenter Server plug-in is
generated. After you import the Orchestrator configuration, you must provide a valid password for each
registered vCenter Server instance.
Procedure
1

On the General tab, click Import Configuration.

Type the password you used when exporting the configuration.
This step is not necessary if you have not specified a password.

Browse to select the .vmoconfig file you exported from your previous installation.

Select whether to override the Orchestrator internal certificate and network settings.
Select the check box only if you want to restore your Orchestrator configuration and the .vmoconfig file
is the backup file of the same Orchestrator configuration.
If you import the configuration to duplicate the Orchestrator environment, for example for scaling
purposes, leave the check box unselected. Otherwise you might have problems with the certificates
when Orchestrator tries to identify against vCenter Server, vCenter Single Sign-On or the
vSphere Web Client.

Click Import.

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Chapter 8 Additional Configuration Options

A message states that the configuration is successfully imported. The new system replicates the old
configuration completely.

Configure the Expiration Period of Events and the Maximum Number
of Runs
You can define the expiration period of events stored in the Orchestrator database and the maximum
number of workflow runs.
Each event corresponds to a change in the state of a workflow or policy and is stored in the database for a
specified time period. When the specified time period expires for an event, the database deletes the event.
Each time you run a workflow, a workflow token is created in the database. This token contains all
parameters related to the running of the workflow. For example, if you run a workflow three times, three
workflow tokens are created. The three tokens appear in the Orchestrator client below the workflow.
Procedure
1

On the General tab, click Advanced Configuration.

In the Expiration days of log events text box, type an integer value for the number of days, for which
you want to store events.

Fill in the Maximum number of runs text box.
After you reach the maximum number of runs, the rollover process starts. If you do not want the
rollover process to start, type 0 in this text box. If you type 0, your database continues to extend.

Click Apply changes.

Import Licenses for a Plug-In
The set of plug-ins that Orchestrator includes does not require a license. If you add a plug-in that requires a
license, you must import it in the Orchestrator configuration interface.
To import license keys when you use the embedded database, you must run the Enter license key
configuration workflow by using either the Orchestrator client or the REST API. For more information about
running the configuration workflows by using the Orchestrator client, see Using the
VMware vRealize OrchestratorPlug-Ins. For detailed instructions about running the configuration workflows
by using the REST API, see Chapter 7, “Configuring Orchestrator by Using the Configuration Plug-In and
the REST API,” on page 69.
Procedure
1

Click Licenses.

On the Licenses tab, click Plug-in Licenses.

In the Serial number text box, type your plug-in license key.

In the License owner text box, type the name of the license owner.

Click Apply changes.

What to do next
To view details of the license, click the name of the imported license.

VMware, Inc.

Installing and Configuring VMware vRealize Orchestrator

Orchestrator Log Files
VMware Technical Support routinely requests diagnostic information from you when you submit a support
request. This diagnostic information contains product-specific logs and configuration files from the host on
which the product runs. The information is gathered by using a specific script tool for each product.
Table 8‑3. Orchestrator Log Files
File Name

Location

scripting.log

server.log

Description

If you installed Orchestrator standalone:
install_directory\VMware\Orchestrator\a
pp-server\logs
If you deployed the
Orchestrator Appliance: /var/log/vco/appserver

Provides a list of the completed
workflows and actions. The
scripts-logs.log file lets you
isolate workflow runs and actions
runs from normal Orchestrator
operations. This information is
also included in the server.log
file.

If you installed Orchestrator standalone:
install_directory\VMware\Orchestrator\a
pp-server\logs
If you deployed the
Orchestrator Appliance: /var/log/vco/appserver

Provides information about all
activities on the Orchestrator
server. Analyze the server.log
file when you debug Orchestrator
or any application that runs on
Orchestrator.

wrapper-configuration.log

On the Orchestrator standalone:
install_directory\VMware\Orchestrator\conf
iguration\logs

Provides information about the
configuration and validation of
each component of Orchestrator.

catalina.out

On the
Orchestrator
Appliance: /var/log/vco/configuration/

Provides information about the
configuration and validation of
each component of Orchestrator in
the Orchestrator Appliance. The
file is analogous to wrapperconfiguration.log in the
Windows installation of
Orchestrator.

vso.log

access.yyyy-mm-dd.log

If you installed the Orchestrator client on a Linux
machine: install_directory

If you installed Orchestrator standalone:
install_directory\VMware\Orchestrator\c
onfiguration\logs
If you deployed the
Orchestrator Appliance: /var/log/vco/appserver

If you installed Orchestrator standalone:
install_directory\VMware\Orchestrator\a
pps
If you installed the Orchestrator client on a Mac
machine: install_directory

This is the Orchestrator client log.
Use this log to detect connection
problems with the server and
detect events on the client side. It
is not available for the
Orchestrator Appliance.

This log lists the elements that are
needed to load and display the
pages of the Orchestrator
configuration interface. It contains
a history of the tasks you
performed while configuring
Orchestrator along with the time
they were completed. However,
the log does not display the value
of the changed parameters. Use
this log to identify changes in the
behavior of the Orchestrator
server after a restart.

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Chapter 8 Additional Configuration Options

Table 8‑3. Orchestrator Log Files (Continued)
File Name

Location

wrapper.log

If you installed Orchestrator standalone:
install_directory\VMware\Orchestrator\a
pp-server\bin

Provides a part of the boot log
information of the server. Use this
log to check whether the
VMware vRealize Orchestrator
Server service was started by the
wrapper or by a user.

metrics.log

If you installed Orchestrator standalone:
install_directory\VMware\Orchestrator\a
pp-server\logs
If you deployed the
Orchestrator Appliance: /var/log/vco/appserver

Contains runtime information
about the server. The information
is added to this log file once every
5 minutes.

If you installed Orchestrator standalone:
install_directory\VMware\Orchestrator\a
pp-server\logs
If you deployed the
Orchestrator
Appliance: /storage/log/vmware/vco/appserver

This is the HTTP request log of the
server.

localhost_access_log.txt

Description

Logging Persistence
You can log information in any Orchestrator script (workflow, policy, or action). This information has types
and levels. The type can be either persistent or non-persistent. The level can be DEBUG, INFO, WARNING, and
ERROR.
Table 8‑4. Creating Persistent and Non-Persistent Logs
Log Level

Persistent Type

Non-Persistent Type

DEBUG

Server.debug("short text", "long
text");

N/A

INFO

Server.log("short text", "long text");

System.log("text");

WARNING

Server.warn("short text", "long text");

System.warn("text");

ERROR

Server.error("short text", "long text");

System.error("text");

Persistent Logs
Persistent logs (server logs) track past workflow run logs and are stored in the Orchestrator database. To
view server logs, you must select a workflow, a completed workflow run, or policy and click the Events tab
in the Orchestrator client.

Non-Persistent Logs
When you use a non-persistent log (system log) in your scripting, the Orchestrator server notifies all
running Orchestrator applications about this log, but this information is not stored. When the application is
restarted, the log information is lost. Non-persistent logs are used for debugging purposes or for live
information. To view system logs, you must select a completed workflow run in the Orchestrator client and
click Logs on the Schema tab.

VMware, Inc.

Installing and Configuring VMware vRealize Orchestrator

Define the Server Log Level
In the Orchestrator configuration interface, you can set the level of server log that you require. The default
server log level is INFO. Changing the log level affects any new messages that the server writes to the server
log and the number of active connections to the database.
CAUTION Only set the log level to DEBUG or ALL to debug a problem. Do not use this setting in a production
environment because it can seriously impair performance.
Procedure
1

Click Log.

Select an option from the Log level drop-down menu.
Option

Description

FATAL

Only fatal errors are written to the log file.

ERROR

Errors and fatal errors are written to the log file.

WARN

Warnings, errors, and fatal errors are written to the log file.

INFO

Information, warnings, errors, and fatal errors are written to the log file.

DEBUG

Debug information, information messages, warnings, errors, and fatal
errors are written to the log file.

ALL

Events are not filtered. All events are written to the log file.

OFF

No entries are written to the log file and no log updates are made.

NOTE The log contains messages of the selected level and all higher levels. If you select the INFO level,
all INFO messages and higher-level messages (INFO, WARN, ERROR, and FATAL) are written to the log file.
4

Click Apply changes.

(Optional) Click the Generate log report link to export the log files.
This operation creates a ZIP archive of all log files.

The new log level is applied to any new messages that the server generates, without restarting the server.
The logs are stored in install_directory\app-server\log\.

Change the Size of Server Logs
If a server log regenerates multiple times a day, it becomes difficult to determine what causes problems. To
prevent this, you can change the default size of the server log. The default size of the server log is 5MB.
Procedure
1

Navigate to the following folder on the Orchestrator server system.
Option

Action

If you installed the standalone
version of Orchestrator

Go to install_directory\VMware\Orchestrator\app-server\conf.

If you downloaded and deployed
the virtual appliance

Go to /etc/vco/app-server/.

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Chapter 8 Additional Configuration Options

Open the log4j.xml file in a text editor and locate the following code block:

Change the following lines:

The MaxFileSize parameter controls the size of the log file, and the MaxBackupIndex parameter controls
the number of files for the rollover.
NOTE Before you save the file, make sure it does not contain typos. If the file contains typos, the logs
will be lost.
The system reads this file dynamically. You do not need to reboot the server.

Export Orchestrator Log Files
Orchestrator provides a workflow that generates a ZIP archive of troubleshooting information containing
configuration, server, wrapper, and installation log files.
Prerequisites
Verify that you created the c:/orchestrator folder at the root of the Orchestrator server system or set write
access rights to another folder in which to store the generated ZIP archive. See “Set Server File System
Access for Workflows and JavaScript,” on page 105.
You must be logged in to the Orchestrator client as a member of the Orchestrator administrator group.
Procedure
1

Click the Workflows view in the Orchestrator client.

In the workflows hierarchical list, open Library > Troubleshooting and navigate to the Export logs and
application settings workflow.

Right-click the Export logs and application settings workflow and select Start workflow.

(Optional) Type the path to the folder on the Orchestrator server in which to store the output ZIP
archive.
If you do not type a path, the generated ZIP archive is stored in the c:/orchestrator folder.

Click Submit to run the workflow.

The troubleshooting information is stored in a ZIP archive named

vCO_troubleshooting_dateReference_xxxxxx.zip.

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Installing and Configuring VMware vRealize Orchestrator

Filter the Orchestrator Log Files
You can filter the Orchestrator server logs for a specific workflow run and collect diagnostic data about the
workflow run.
The Orchestrator logs contain a lot of useful information, but not every log entry has diagnostic context.
When multiple instances of the same workflow are running at the same time, you can track the different
workflow runs by filtering the diagnostic data about each run in the Orchestrator logs.
Procedure
1

Navigate to the install_directory\VMware\Infrastructure\Orchestrator\app-server\conf\log4j.xml
file and open it in a text editor.

Find the following entry:

Change the conversion pattern.

Where value_name is the name of the available diagnostic values. The possible names are:

Option

Description

username

The name of the user who started the workflow

workflowName

The name of the running workflow

workflowId

The ID of the running workflow

token

The token of the running workflow

process

The workflow ID and token, separated by a colon

full

The name of the user who started the workflow, the name of the running
workflow, the workflow ID, and the workflow token, separated by colons.

Save and close the file.

The Orchestrator logs are filtered according to the changes you made to the file.

VMware, Inc.

Configuration Use Cases and
Troubleshooting

You can configure the Orchestrator server to work with the vCenter Server appliance, you can also uninstall
plug-ins from Orchestrator, or change the self-signed certificates.
The configuration use cases provide task flows that you can perform to meet specific configuration
requirements of your Orchestrator server, as well as troubleshooting topics to understand and solve a
problem, if a workaround exists.
This chapter includes the following topics:
n

“Configuring a Cluster of Orchestrator Server Instances,” on page 89

“Registering Orchestrator with vCenter Single Sign-On in the vCenter Server Appliance,” on page 91

“Setting Up Orchestrator to Work with the vSphere Web Client,” on page 92

“Check Whether Orchestrator Is Successfully Registered as an Extension,” on page 93

“Unregister Orchestrator from vCenter Single Sign-On,” on page 93

“Create an Archive for Upgrading Orchestrator,” on page 94

“Changing SSL Certificates,” on page 95

“Back Up the Orchestrator Configuration and Elements,” on page 98

“Orchestrator Server Fails to Start,” on page 100

“Revert to the Default Password for Orchestrator Configuration,” on page 101

Configuring a Cluster of Orchestrator Server Instances
To increase the availability of Orchestrator, you can configure a cluster of Orchestrator server instances. In
the cluster, multiple Orchestrator server instances (Orchestrator server nodes) work together. To achieve
this, the nodes must share one database and have identical configuration of the Orchestrator server and
plug-ins.
The active Orchestrator server nodes respond to client requests and run workflows. If an active Orchestrator
server node fails to send heartbeats to indicate it is up and running, it is considered as non-responsive and
an inactive Orchestrator node becomes active to take control and resume all of the workflows from the point
they were interrupted.
After you configure an Orchestrator server instance in cluster mode, you can create the rest of the
Orchestrator cluster nodes by one of the following methods:
n

VMware, Inc.

Exporting the configuration of the main Orchestrator server instance and importing it to the newly
installed Orchestrator server instances.

Installing and Configuring VMware vRealize Orchestrator

Cloning the virtual machine on which the main Orchestrator server instance is configured. In this case,
if the Orchestrator nodes are behind a load balancer configured in the vSphere Web Client, one of the
Orchestrator nodes might appear in the inventory along with the load balancer. You can remove it by
using the the Managed Object Browser (MOB) of the corresponding vCenter Server.

NOTE All Orchestrator server nodes of a cluster must have identical server and plug-ins' configuration and
contents. If you want to make changes on the Orchestrator content, for example to edit a workflow or an
action, you must stop all Orchestrator server nodes except one and cancel all running tasks that refer to the
content you want to change. You can then make changes to the only server node that is active, and restart
the other Orchestrator server instances in the cluster.
The following use case describes how to build an Orchestrator cluster by installing and configuring the main
Orchestrator server instance (Orchestrator server 1) and importing its configuration to a newly installed
Orchestrator server instance (Orchestrator server 2).
1

Install Orchestrator server 1 or download and deploy the Orchestrator Appliance.
For information about installing Orchestrator standalone, see “Install Orchestrator Standalone,” on
page 21. For information about downloading and deploying the Orchestrator Appliance, see
“Download and Deploy the Orchestrator Appliance,” on page 23.

Configure a database instance.
IMPORTANT Configure the database to accept multiple connections so that it can accept connections
from the different Orchestrator instances. To prevent possible transactional deadlocks when the
database is Microsoft SQL Server database, you must set the ALLOW_SNAPSHOT_ISOLATION and
READ_COMMITTED_SNAPSHOT database options to on.

Configure an authentication provider.
See “Selecting the Authentication Type,” on page 38.

Log in to the Orchestrator configuration interface as vmware, and configure Orchestrator server 1 to
work with the database you configured.
See “Configuring the Orchestrator Database Connection,” on page 48.

Configure Orchestrator server 1 to work in cluster mode.
See “Configure an Orchestrator Cluster,” on page 61.

(Optional) Install and configure additional Orchestrator plug-ins.

Click the Reset current version link on the Troubleshooting tab to reinstall previously installed
Orchestrator plug-ins with the newly configured database.
See “Configure the Orchestrator Plug-Ins,” on page 56.

Start Orchestrator server 1 and wait until it starts successfully.

Export the Orchestrator server 1 configuration.
See “Export the Orchestrator Configuration,” on page 81.

Install Orchestrator server 2 or download and deploy the Orchestrator Appliance.
For information about installing Orchestrator standalone, see “Install Orchestrator Standalone,” on
page 21. For information about downloading and deploying the Orchestrator Appliance, see
“Download and Deploy the Orchestrator Appliance,” on page 23.

On Orchestrator server 2, install the plug-ins that you have installed on Orchestrator server 1.

Import the Orchestrator configuration of Orchestrator server 1 to Orchestrator server 2.

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Chapter 9 Configuration Use Cases and Troubleshooting

By importing the Orchestrator configuration, you make both configurations identical. For more
information about importing the Orchestrator configuration, see “Import the Orchestrator
Configuration,” on page 82.
13

Verify that both Orchestrator server instances have identical configurations and configure the plug-ins
on Orchestrator server 2 identically with the plug-ins on Orchestrator server 1.

On the vCenter Server tab of the Orchestrator configuration interface of Orchestrator server 2, type the
credentials that Orchestrator server 2 must use to establish the connection to the vCenter Server
instance.
For instructions about configuring the vCenter Server plug-in, see “Configure the vCenter Server PlugIn,” on page 58.

Modify the network settings on both Orchestrator server instances to reflect your environment, if
necessary.
For instructions about configuring the Orchestrator network settings, see “Configure the Network
Connection,” on page 35.

Synchronize the the clock of the Orchestrator server 2 machine with the clock of the Orchestrator server
1 machine.

Start Orchestrator server 2.
To verify that the server started successfully, click the Server Availability tab of the Orchestrator
configuration interface and wait until the name of the Orchestrator server appears under Started cluster
nodes with a Running or StandBy status.

You can add more Orchestrator server nodes to the cluster by repeating Step 9 to Step 15.

Registering Orchestrator with vCenter Single Sign-On in the vCenter
Server Appliance
If you want to configure Orchestrator to work with the VMware vCenter Server Appliance, and want to run
workflows by using the vSphere Web Client, you must configure the Orchestrator server to work with
vCenter Single Sign-On, which is prebuilt in the appliance.
IMPORTANT Ensure that the clocks of the Orchestrator server machine and the vCenter Server Appliance are
synchronized. Otherwise you might receive cryptic vCenter Single Sign-On errors.
This workflow describes the process to change the self-signed certificate.
1

Download and deploy the VMware vCenter Server Appliance.
See vSphere Installation and Setup for instructions.

Import the SSL and vCenter Single Sign-On certificates of the vCenter Server instance running in the
vCenter Server Appliance into Orchestrator.
You import certificates from the Orchestrator configuration interface. For more information about
importing certificates, see “Import the vCenter Server SSL Certificate,” on page 37 and “Import the
vCenter Single Sign-On SSL Certificate,” on page 39.
n

For importing the SSL certificate of the vCenter Server instance running in the appliance, in the
Import from URL text box, type
your_vcenter_server_appliance_ip_address:vcenter_server_api_port.
For importing the vCenter Single Sign-On certificate, in the Import from URL text box, type

your_vcenter_server_appliance_ip_address:single_sign_on_port.

VMware, Inc.

In the Orchestrator configuration interface, click Authentication and select SSO Authentication.

Installing and Configuring VMware vRealize Orchestrator

In the Host text box, type your_vcenter_server_appliance_ip_address:443

In the Admin user name and the Admin password text boxes, type the credentials of the root user
of the vCenter Server Appliance.

Click Register Orchestrator.

Complete the registration by selecting the Orchestrator administrator domain and group from the
drop-down menu.

Setting Up Orchestrator to Work with the vSphere Web Client
You must configure Orchestrator so that you can use the vSphere Web Client to log in to Orchestrator and
run workflows on the objects in your vSphere inventory.
1

Install vCenter Single Sign-On, vCenter Server, and vRealize Orchestrator.
Orchestrator is silently installed on your system when you install vCenter Server. For more information
about installing vCenter Single Sign-On and vCenter Server, see vSphere Installation and Setup.

Configure the vSphere Web Client to work with vCenter Single Sign-On, which you have installed in
the previous step.
For more information, see vSphere Installation and Setup.

Start the Orchestrator Configuration Service and log in to the Orchestrator configuration interface.
You installed Orchestrator as a part of the vCenter Server installation, and the Orchestrator
Configuration service does not start by default . You must start it manually before you attempt to access
the Orchestrator configuration interface. For instructions, see “Start the Orchestrator Configuration
Service,” on page 34 and “Log In to the Orchestrator Configuration Interface,” on page 35.

Select the correct IP address from the IP address drop-down menu on the Network tab in the
Orchestrator configuration interface.

Verify that the vCenter Server plug-in in the Orchestrator configuration interface is properly
configured, provide the credentials of a user who has the privileges to manage vCenter Server
extensions, and save the changes.
You must add your vCenter Server instance as a host. For more information, see “Configure the
vCenter Server Plug-In,” on page 58.

Start the Orchestrator server.
For more information, see “Start the Orchestrator Server,” on page 63.

Log in to the vSphere Web Client and configure the default vRealize Orchestrator instance.
IMPORTANT You must log in as a user who has at least View and Execute permissions in Orchestrator,
and permissions to manage vCenter Server objects.
If you want to see more workflows displayed in the pop-up menu when you right-click a vSphere
inventory object, you can associate workflows with the different vSphere object types.
For more information, see vCenter Server and Host Management.

You can now use the vSphere Web Client to run Orchestrator workflows on the objects in your vSphere
inventory.

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Chapter 9 Configuration Use Cases and Troubleshooting

Check Whether Orchestrator Is Successfully Registered as an
Extension
After you register Orchestrator server with vCenter Single Sign-On and configure it to work with
vCenter Server, you can check whether Orchestrator is successfully registered as an extension with
vCenter Server.
Procedure
1

In a Web browser navigate to the managed object browser of your vCenter Server instance.
https://your_vcenter_server_ip/mob

Under Properties, click content.

On the Data Object Type: ServiceContent page, under Properties, click ExtensionManager.

On the Managed Object Type page, under Properties, click the Orchestrator extension string.
extensionList["com.vmware.vco"]
The extension has a server property which contains an array of type ExtensionServerInfo. The array
should contain an instance of the ExtensionServerInfo type with a url property which contains the
URL of the registered Orchestrator server.

On the Data Object Type: Extension page, under Properties, click server.

You can see information about the Orchestrator server registered as an extension, such as serverThumbprint
and url. The serverThumbprint property is the SHA-1 thumbprint of the Orchestrator server certificate,
which is a unique identifier of the Orchestrator server. The url property is the service URL of the
Orchestrator server. There is one record per IP address. If the Orchestrator server has two IP addresses, both
of them are displayed as service URLs.

Unregister Orchestrator from vCenter Single Sign-On
You can unregister Orchestrator from vCenter Single Sign-On, for example, when you no longer want to use
the vSphere Web Client, when you want to change vCenter Single Sign-On with LDAP, or when you want
to register Orchestrator with another vCenter Single Sign-On instance.
NOTE LDAP authentication is deprecated.
Procedure
1

Click Authentication.

Type the administrator password in the Admin password text box.
The Host and Admin name text boxes must contain the values you typed when you registered
Orchestrator with vCenter Single Sign-On.

Click Unregister Orchestrator.
If for some reason the operation cannot be completed, for example if the vCenter Single Sign-On server
is not running, delete the vCenter Single Sign-On configuration data stored locally on your system by
clicking Delete SSO configuration.

VMware, Inc.

Installing and Configuring VMware vRealize Orchestrator

What to do next
You can register Orchestrator with another vCenter Single Sign-On server or change the authentication type
to LDAP authentication.

Create an Archive for Upgrading Orchestrator
If you upgrade Orchestrator by upgrading vCenter Server 5.0 or later to vCenter Server 6.0, the
vco_export.zip archive, located at %VMWARE_CIS_HOME%/vco might not get created automatically and your
configuration might not be migrated.
Problem
During the export phase of the upgrade, Orchestrator upgrade script collects configuration files and data,
and stores them in the vco_export.zip archive. In some cases the archive might not be created automatically
and must be created manually if you want to preserve the data after the update.
Cause
During an export, Orchestrator accesses the Windows registry to find the necessary data. If Orchestrator
cannot access that data, the automatic export does not occur.
Solution
1

Create the vco_export.zip archive manually with the necessary data, and save it to %VMWARE_CIS_HOME

%/vco.

The export archive must contain the following files:
Table 9‑1. Contents of vco_export.zip
File

Location

Plug-in DAR files

vmo_config.zip

On Orchestrator 5.5.x:
install_directory\VMwar
e\Orchestrator\appserver\plugins
On Orchestrator 5.1 or earlier:
install_directory\VMwar
e\Orchestrator\appserver\server\vmo\plugins

The location varies. After you
export the file, you receive a
message with the location of the
file.

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Chapter 9 Configuration Use Cases and Troubleshooting

Table 9‑1. Contents of vco_export.zip (Continued)
File

Location

Properties files

jssecacerts

Description

On Orchestrator 5.5.x:
install_directory\VMwar
e\Orchestrator\appserver\conf
On Orchestrator 5.1 or earlier:
install_directory\VMwar
e\Orchestrator\appserver\server\vmo\conf

On Orchestrator 4.2.x:
install_directory\VMwar
e\Orchestrator\jre\lib\se
curity\jssecacerts

Use the archive to migrate your configuration.
a

On the General tab, click Import Configuration.

Type the password you used when exporting the configuration.
This step is not necessary if you have not specified a password.

Browse to select the vco_export.zip file.

Click Import.

Changing SSL Certificates
By default, the Orchestrator server uses a self-signed SSL certificate to communicate remotely with the
Orchestrator client. You can change the SSL certificates, for example if your company security policy
requires you to use its SSL certificates.
When you attempt to use Orchestrator over a trusted SSL Internet connection, and you open the
Orchestrator configuration interface in a Web browser, you receive warnings that the connection is
untrusted (in Mozilla Firefox) or that problems have been detected with the Web site’s security certificate (in
Internet Explorer).
After you click Continue to this website (not recommended), even if you have imported the SSL certificate
as a trusted store, you continue to see the Certificate Error red notification in the address bar of the Web
browser. You can work with Orchestrator in the Web browser, but a third-party system might not work
properly when attempting to access the API over HTTPS.
You can also receive a certificate warning when you start the Orchestrator client and attempt to connect to
the Orchestrator server over an SSL connection.

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You can resolve the problem by installing a certificate signed by a commercial certificate authority (CA) or
by creating a certificate that matches your Orchestrator server name and then importing the certificate in
your local keystore. To stop receiving a certificate warning from the Orchestrator client, add your root CA
certificate to the Orchestrator keystore on the machine on which the Orchestrator client is installed.

Generate a New Certificate
If you plan to change an SSL certificate, you can generate a new certificate. You can generate the new
certificate on the same computer on which Orchestrator is installed or on another computer.
Prerequisites
n

Run the Java keytool utility. You can find the utility on the system on which Orchestrator is installed.

Back up the jssecacerts file, located at install_directory\app-server\conf\security\jssecacerts.

Procedure
1

Stop the Orchestrator server service.
a

Select Start > Programs > Administrative Tools > Services.

In the right pane, right-click VMware vRealize Orchestrator Server and select Stop.

On the Windows Start menu, right-click Command Prompt, and select Run as administrator.

Navigate to the keytool utility located at install_directory\VMware\CIS\jre\bin\keytool.

Delete the current dunes key from the keystore.
keytool -delete -alias dunes -keystore "install_directory\appserver\conf\security\jssecacerts"

Generate a new certificate for the dunes key, for example a 10-years certificate:
keytool -keystore "install_directory\app-server\conf\security\jssecacerts" -storepass
dunesdunes -genkey -keyalg RSA -alias dunes -validity 3650

You can adjust the validity of the certificate in days.
6

When prompted for your first and last name, enter the fully qualified domain name (FQDN) of your
Orchestrator server.
Make sure to enter the FQDN of the Orchestrator server. For example, if the FQDN of the Orchestrator
server is orchestrator.lab, you need to type the following information:
What is your first and last name?
[Unknown]: orchestrator.lab

For each of the remaining prompts such as Organizational Unit, Organization, City, State, Country
Code, and so on, type the appropriate information for your organization.

To confirm the change, type yes, and press Enter.

When prompted for the password for dunes, press Enter to use the same password as the keystore
password (dunesdunes).

In the Orchestrator configuration interface, click the Startup Options tab.

Click Start service.

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Chapter 9 Configuration Use Cases and Troubleshooting

What to do next
You can create a signing request and submit the certificate to a Certificate Authority. You can then import
the signed certificate into your local keystore.
You can also replace the SSL certificate for the Orchestrator configuration interface or the SSL certificate for
the Orchestrator client with the certificate you generated.

Install a Certificate from a Certificate Authority
To install a signed certificate from a Certificate Authority you must obtain an SSL certificate from a CA and
import it in your local keystore.
Prerequisites
Generate a new SSL certificate.
Procedure
1

Create a certificate signing request by running the following command in the Java utility.
keytool -certreq -alias -dunes -keypass "dunesdunes" -keystore
"install_directory\app-server\conf\security\jssecacerts" -storepass
"dunesdunes" -file certreq.csr

The utility generates a file called certreq.csr.
2

(Optional) Submit the certreq.csr file to a certificate authority, such as VeriSign or Thawte.
Procedures might vary from one CA to another, but they all require a valid proof of your identity.
The CA returns a certificate that you must import.

Import the SSL certificate into your local keystore.
a

Download a root certificate from the CA that signed your certificate.

Import the root certificate in your keystore by running the following command in the Java utility.
keytool -import -alias root -keystore
"install_directory\app-server\conf\security\jssecacerts" \
-trustcacerts -file

Import the SSL certificate signed by the CA (the SSL certificate must be in X509 DER format).
keytool -importcert -alias dunes -keypass "dunesdunes" -file
vcoCertificate.crt -keystore
"install_directory\app-server\conf\security\jssecacerts" -storepass "dunesdunes"

The SSL certificate is installed. You can change the SSL certificate for the Orchestrator configuration
interface or the SSL certificate for the Orchestrator client.

Adding the Certificate to the Local Store
After you get a certificate from a CA or create a certificate that matches your Orchestrator server name, you
must add the certificate to your local store so that you can work with the Orchestrator configuration
interface without receiving certificate warnings or error messages.
This workflow describes the process to add the certificate to your local store in Internet Explorer.
1

Open your Internet Explorer and navigate to https://orchestrator_server_IP_or_DNS_name:8283/.

When prompted, click Continue to this website (not recommended).
In Internet Explorer you see the Certificate Error on the right within the address bar.

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Installing and Configuring VMware vRealize Orchestrator

Click the Certificate Error and select View Certificates.

Click Install Certificate.

On the Welcome page of the Certificate Import Wizard, click Next.

In the Certificate Store window, select Place all certificates in the following store.

Browse and select Trusted Root Certification Authorities.

Complete the wizard and restart Internet Explorer.

Navigate to the Orchestrator server over your SSL connection.

You no longer receive warnings and you do not receive a Certificate Error on the right within the address
bar.
Other applications and systems (such as VMware Service Manager) must have access to the Orchestrator
REST APIs over SSL connection.

Change the Certificate of the Orchestrator Appliance Management Site
The Orchestrator Appliance uses light-httpd to run its own management site. You can change the SSL
certificate of the Orchestrator Appliance management site, for example if your company security policy
requires you to use its SSL certificates.
Prerequisites
By default the Orchestrator Appliance SSL certificate and private key are stored in a PEM file, which is
located at: /opt/vmware/etc/lighttpd/server.pem. To install a new certificate, ensure that you export your
new SSL certificate and private key from the Java keystore to a PEM file.
Procedure
1

Locate the /opt/vmware/etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf file and open it in an editor.

Find the following line:
#### SSL engine
ssl.engine = "enable"
ssl.pemfile = "/opt/vmware/etc/lighttpd/server.pem"

Change the ssl.pemfile attribute to point to the PEM file containing your new SSL certificate and
private key.

Save the lighttpd.conf file.

Run the following command to restart the light-httpd server.
service vami-lighttp restart

You successfully changed the certificate of the Orchestrator Appliance management site.

Back Up the Orchestrator Configuration and Elements
You can take a snapshot of your Orchestrator configuration and import this configuration into a new
Orchestrator instance to back up your Orchestrator configuration. You can also back up the Orchestrator
elements that you modified.
If you edit any standard workflows, actions, policies, or configuration elements, and then import a package
containing the same elements with a higher Orchestrator version number, your changes to the elements are
lost. To make modified and custom elements available after the upgrade, you must export them in a
package before you start the upgrade procedure.

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Chapter 9 Configuration Use Cases and Troubleshooting

Each Orchestrator server instance has unique certificates, and each vCenter Server plug-in instance has a
unique ID. The certificates and the unique ID define the identity of the Orchestrator server and the
vCenter Server plug-in. If you do not export the Orchestrator configuration or back up the Orchestrator
elements for backup purposes, make sure that you change these identifiers.
Procedure
1

On the General tab, click Export Configuration.

(Optional) Type a password to protect the configuration file.
Use the same password when you import the configuration.

Click Export.

Create a package that contains all the Orchestrator elements that you created or edited.
a

Click the Packages view.

Click the menu button in the title bar of the Packages list and select Add package.

Name the new package and click OK.
The syntax for package names is domain.your_company.folder.package_name..
For example, com.vmware.myfolder.mypackage.

Right-click the package and select Edit.

On the General tab, add a description for the package.

On the Workflows tab, add workflows to the package.

(Optional) Add policy templates, actions, configuration elements, resource elements, and plug-ins
to the package.

Export the package.
a

Right-click the package to export and select Export package.

Browse to select a location where you want to save the package and click Open.

(Optional) Sign the package with a specific certificate.

(Optional) Impose restrictions on the exported package.

(Optional) To apply restrictions for the contents of the exported package, deselect the options as
required.

f
8

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Option

Description

Export version history

The version history of the package is not exported.

Export the values of the
configuration settings

The attribute values of the configuration elements in the package are
not exported.

Export global tags

The global tags in the package are not exported.

Click Save.

Import the Orchestrator configuration to the new Orchestrator server instance.
a

On the General tab, click Import Configuration.

Installing and Configuring VMware vRealize Orchestrator

Type the password you used while exporting the configuration.
This step is not necessary if you have not specified a password.

Browse to select the .vmoconfig file you exported from your previous installation.

Choose whether to override the Orchestrator internal certificate and network settings.
Select the check box only to restore your Orchestrator configuration and the .vmoconfig file is the
backup file of the same Orchestrator configuration.

f
9

Click Import.

Import the exported package to the new Orchestrator instance.
a

From the drop-down menu in the Orchestrator client, select Administer.

Click the Packages view.

Right-click within the left pane and select Import package.

Browse to select the package that you want to import and click Open.
Certificate information about the exporter appears.

Review the package import details and select Import or Import and trust provider.
The Import package view appears. If the version of the imported package element is later than the
version on the server, the system selects the element for import.

Deselect the elements that you do not want to import.
For example, deselect custom elements for which later versions exist.

(Optional) Deselect the Import the values of the configuration settings check box if you do not
want to import the values of the configuration elements attributes from the package.

From the drop-down menu, choose whether you want to import tags from the package.

Option

Description

Import tags but preserve existing
values

Import tags from the package without overwriting existing tag values.

Import tags and overwrite existing
values

Import tags from the package and overwrite their values.

Do not import tags

Do not import tags from the package.

Click Import selected elements.

Orchestrator Server Fails to Start
The VMware vRealize Orchestrator Server service might fail to start when the RAM available is not enough
for the JVM to start the server.
Problem
The server status appears as Starting in the configuration interface and it is not updated when you refresh
the page. When you select My Computer > Services and Applications > Services, the server fails to start
and you receive a timeout error.
Cause
The Orchestrator server might not start in the following circumstances:
n

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Orchestrator runs on a system with less than 4 GB of RAM .

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Chapter 9 Configuration Use Cases and Troubleshooting

The Orchestrator database runs on the same host as Orchestrator.

Orchestrator is installed in a directory whose name contains non-ASCII characters.

Solution
n

If you installed Orchestrator standalone, verify that your system has at least 4 GB of RAM.

Verify that the Orchestrator database is running on a dedicated server.

Verify that the Orchestrator components are configured properly and that all of the status indicators in
the configuration interface display a green circle.

Revert to the Default Password for Orchestrator Configuration
If the default password for the Orchestrator configuration interface is changed, you cannot retrieve it
because Orchestrator uses encryption to encode passwords. You can revert to the default password vmware if
the current password is not known.
Procedure
1

Navigate to the location of the passwd.properties configuration file.
Option

Action

If you installed the standalone
version of Orchestrator

Go to
install_directory\VMware\Orchestrator\configuration\conf\.

If you deployed the Orchestrator
Appliance

Go to /etc/vco/configuration/.

Open the passwd.properties file in a text editor.

Delete the contents of the file.

Add the following line to the passwd.properties file.
vmware=SHA512WithSalt\:GZ5wTW6Ni5x7\:wNCp8I8zHv7GQItrKDRjAgKsddjD4GUZ6nrOYhuEl3D
+x4BT5Xs1KL8f/R2T3K2nYPzMwVTW9E9mmbvESAU3ww\=\=

Save the passwd.properties file.
If you are using the Orchestrator Appliance, you might need to set the ownership of the
passwd.properties file by running the chown vco.vco passwd.properties command.

Restart the vRealize Orchestrator Configuration service.

You can log in to the Orchestrator configuration interface with the default credentials.
n

User name: vmware

Password: vmware

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102

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Setting System Properties

You can set system properties to change the default Orchestrator behavior.
This chapter includes the following topics:
n

“Disable Access to the Orchestrator Client By Nonadministrators,” on page 103

“Disable Access to Workflows from Web Service Clients,” on page 104

“Setting Server File System Access for Workflows and JavaScript,” on page 104

“Set JavaScript Access to Operating System Commands,” on page 107

“Set JavaScript Access to Java Classes,” on page 108

“Set Custom Timeout Property,” on page 109

“Modify the Number of Objects a Plug-In Search Obtains,” on page 109

“Modify the Number of Concurrent and Pending Workflows,” on page 110

Disable Access to the Orchestrator Client By Nonadministrators
You can configure the Orchestrator server to deny access to the Orchestrator client to all users who are not
members of the Orchestrator administrator group.
By default, all users who are granted execute permissions can connect to the Orchestrator client. However,
you can limit access to the Orchestrator client to Orchestrator administrators by setting a system property in
the vmo.properties Orchestrator configuration file.
IMPORTANT If the vmo.properties configuration file does not contain this property, or if the property is set to
false, Orchestrator permits access to the Orchestrator client by all users.
Procedure
1

VMware, Inc.

Navigate to the following folder on the Orchestrator server system.
Option

Action

If you installed the standalone
version of Orchestrator

Go to install_directory\VMware\Orchestrator\app-server\conf.

If you downloaded and deployed
the virtual appliance

Go to /etc/vco/app-server/.

Open the vmo.properties configuration file in a text editor.

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Add the following line to the vmo.properties configuration file.
#Disable Orchestrator client connection
com.vmware.o11n.smart-client-disabled = true

Save the vmo.properties file.

Restart the Orchestrator server.

You disabled access to the Orchestrator client to all users other than members of the Orchestrator
administrator group.

Disable Access to Workflows from Web Service Clients
You can configure the Orchestrator server to deny access to Web service requests, to prevent malicious
attempts from Web service clients to access sensitive servers.
By default, Orchestrator permits access to workflows from Web service clients. You disable access to
workflows from Web service clients by setting a system property in the Orchestrator configuration file,
vmo.properties.
IMPORTANT If the vmo.properties configuration file does not contain this property, or if the property is set to
false, Orchestrator permits access to workflows from Web services.
Procedure
1

Navigate to the following folder on the Orchestrator server system.
Option

Action

If you installed the standalone
version of Orchestrator

Go to install_directory\VMware\Orchestrator\app-server\conf.

If you downloaded and deployed
the virtual appliance

Go to /etc/vco/app-server/.

Open the vmo.properties configuration file in a text editor.

Add the following line to the vmo.properties configuration file.
#Disable Web service access
com.vmware.o11n.web-service-disabled = true

Save the vmo.properties file.

Restart the Orchestrator server.

You disabled access to workflows Web service clients. The Orchestrator server only answers Web service
client calls from the echo() or echoWorkflow() methods, for testing purposes.

Setting Server File System Access for Workflows and JavaScript
Orchestrator limits access to the server file system from workflows and JavaScript to specific directories.
You can extend access to other parts of the server file system by modifying the js-io-rights.conf
Orchestrator configuration file.
The js-io-rights.conf file is created when a workflow tries to access the Orchestrator server file system. If
the js-io-rights.conf file does not exist on your system, you can create it manually with the default
content. For more information, see “Manually Create the js-io-rights.conf File on Windows Systems,” on
page 107.

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Rules in the js-io-rights.conf File Permitting Write Access to the Orchestrator
System
The js-io-rights.conf file contains rules that permit write access to defined directories in the server file
system.

Mandatory Content of the js-io-rights.conf File
Each line of the js-io-rights.conf file must contain the following information.
n

A plus (+) or minus (-) sign to indicate whether rights are permitted or denied

The read (r), write (w), and execute (x) levels of rights

The path on which to apply the rights

Default Content of the js-io-rights.conf File
The default content of the js-io-rights.conf configuration file in the Orchestrator Appliance is as follows:
-rwx /
+rwx /var/run/vco
-rwx /etc/vco/app-server/security/
+rx /etc/vco
+rx /var/log/vco/

The first two lines in the default js-io-rights.conf configuration file allow the following access rights:
-rwx /

All access to the file system is denied.

+rwx /var/run/vco

Read, write, and execute access is permitted in the /var/run/vco directory.

Rules in the js-io-rights.conf File
Orchestrator resolves access rights in the order they appear in the js-io-rights.conf file. Each line can
override the previous lines.
The default configuration allows workflows and the Orchestrator API to write to the c:/orchestrator
directory, but nowhere else.
IMPORTANT You can permit access to all parts of the file system by setting +rwx / in the js-io-rights.conf
file. However, doing so represents a high security risk.

Set Server File System Access for Workflows and JavaScript
To change the parts of the server file system that workflows and the Orchestrator API can access, modify the
js-io-rights.conf configuration file. The js-io-rights.conf file is created when a workflow attempts to
access the Orchestrator server file system.
If the js-io-rights.conf file does not exist on your Windows system, you can manually create it with the
default contents. You can create manually the file only on Windows systems. For more information, see
“Manually Create the js-io-rights.conf File on Windows Systems,” on page 107.
Orchestrator has read, write, and execute rights to a folder named orchestrator, at the root of the server
system.
NOTE To locate the js-io-rights.conf on the Orchestrator Appliance, log in to the Orchestrator Appliance
Linux console as root and navigate to the /etc/vco/app-server directory.

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Procedure
1

Create the c:/orchestrator folder at the root of the Orchestrator server system.

Navigate to the folder that contains configuration files on the Orchestrator server system.

Open the js-io-rights.conf configuration file in a text editor.

Add the necessary lines to the js-io-rights.conf file to allow or deny access to parts of the file system.
For example, the following line denies the execution rights in the c:/orchestrator/noexec directory:
-x c:/orchestrator/noexec
c:/orchestrator/exec retains execution rights, but c:/orchestrator/noexec/bar does not. Both

directories remain readable and writable.

You modified the access rights to the file system from workflows and from the Orchestrator API.

Create and Locate the js-io-rights.conf File in the Orchestrator Appliance
The js-io-rights.conf file is created when a workflow tries to access the Orchestrator server file system.
You cannot create the js-io-rights.conf file manually in an Orchestrator Appliance instance.
Run a workflow that accesses the Orchestrator server file system and locate the js-io-rights.conf file to
verify its existence.
Procedure
1

Click the Workflows view.

In the workflows hierarchical list, select Library > Troubleshooting.

Right-click the Export logs and application settings workflow and select Start workflow.
NOTE This is an example workflow that tries to access the Orchestrator server file system.

Click Submit.
The js-io-rights.conf file is created.

Locate the js-io-rights.conf file.

(Optional) Verify the default content of the js-io-rights.conf file.
-rwx /
+rwx /var/run/vco
-rwx /etc/vco/app-server/security/
+rx /etc/vco
+rx /var/log/vco/

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Manually Create the js-io-rights.conf File on Windows Systems
You can extend access to other parts of the Orchestrator server file system by modifying the js-iorights.conf Orchestrator configuration file. If the js-io-rights.conf file does not exist on your Windows
system, you can create it manually with the default content.
IMPORTANT You can create the js-io-rights.conf file only on Windows systems. The recommended way to
generate the js-io-rights.conf file is to run a workflow that attempts to access the Orchestrator server file
system. For information about creating the js-io-rights.conf file in the Orchestrator Appliance, see
“Create and Locate the js-io-rights.conf File in the Orchestrator Appliance,” on page 106.
Procedure
1

Navigate to the Orchestrator configuration directory, located at
install_directory\VMware\Orchestrator\app-server\conf.

Create the js-io-rights.conf file and open it in a text editor.

Type the default contents of the js-io-rights.conf file.
-rwx C:/
+rwx C:/orchestrator
# relative to user.dir which is %orchestrator_install_dir%\app-server\bin
+rx ../../app-server/logs/
+rx ../../configuration/logs/
+rx ../bin/
-rwx ../../app-server/conf/security/
+rx ../../app-server/conf/
+rx ../../apps/
+r ../../version.txt

Save and close the file.

You can now set the access to the server file system for workflows and JavaScript.

Set JavaScript Access to Operating System Commands
The Orchestrator API provides a scripting class, Command, that runs commands in the Orchestrator server
host operating system. To prevent unauthorized access to the Orchestrator server host, by default,
Orchestrator applications do not have permission to run the Command class. If Orchestrator applications
require permission to run commands on the host operating system, you can activate the Command scripting
class.
You grant permission to use the Command class by setting a system property in the vmo.properties properties
file.
Procedure
1

VMware, Inc.

Navigate to the following folder on the Orchestrator server system.
Option

Action

If you installed the standalone
version of Orchestrator

Go to install_directory\VMware\Orchestrator\app-server\conf.

If you downloaded and deployed
the virtual appliance

Go to /etc/vco/app-server/.

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Open the vmo.properties configuration file in a text editor.

Set the com.vmware.js.allow-local-process system property by adding the following line to the
vmo.properties file.
com.vmware.js.allow-local-process=true

Save the vmo.properties file.

Restart the Orchestrator server.

You granted permissions to Orchestrator applications to run local commands in the Orchestrator server host
operating system.
NOTE By setting the com.vmware.js.allow-local-process system property to true, you allow the Command
scripting class to write anywhere in the file system. This property overrides any file system access
permissions that you set in the js-io-rights.conf file for the Command scripting class only. The file system
access permissions that you set in the js-io-rights.conf file still apply to all scripting classes other than
Command.

Set JavaScript Access to Java Classes
By default, Orchestrator restricts JavaScript access to a limited set of Java classes. If you require JavaScript
access to a wider range of Java classes, you must set an Orchestrator system property to allow this access.
Allowing the JavaScript engine full access to the Java virtual machine (JVM) presents potential security
issues. Malformed or malicious scripts might have access to all of the system components to which the user
who runs the Orchestrator server has access. Consequently, by default the Orchestrator JavaScript engine
can access only the classes in the java.util.* package.
If you require JavaScript access to classes outside of the java.util.* package, you can list in a configuration
file the Java packages to which to allow JavaScript access. You then set the com.vmware.scripting.rhinoclass-shutter-file system property to point to this file.
Procedure
1

Create a text configuration file to store the list of Java packages to which to allow JavaScript access.
For example, to allow JavaScript access to all the classes in the java.net package and to the
java.lang.Object class, you add the following content to the file.
java.net.*
java.lang.Object

Save the configuration file with an appropriate name and in an appropriate place.

Navigate to the following folder on the Orchestrator server system.
Option

Action

If you installed the standalone
version of Orchestrator

Go to install_directory\VMware\Orchestrator\app-server\conf.

If you downloaded and deployed
the virtual appliance

Go to /etc/vco/app-server/.

Open the vmo.properties configuration file in a text editor.

Set the com.vmware.scripting.rhino-class-shutter-file system property by adding the following line
to the vmo.properties file.
com.vmware.scripting.rhino-class-shutter-file=path_to_your_configuration_file

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Save the vmo.properties file.

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Restart the Orchestrator server.

The JavaScript engine has access to the Java classes that you specified.

Set Custom Timeout Property
When vCenter is overloaded, it takes more time to return the response to the Orchestrator server than the
20000 milliseconds set by default. To prevent this situation, you must modify the Orchestrator configuration
file to increase the default timeout period.
If the default timeout period expires before the completion of certain operations, the Orchestrator server log
contains errors.
Operation 'getPropertyContent' total time : '5742228' for 1823 calls, mean time : '3149.0', min
time : '0', max time : '32313'
Timeout, unable to get property 'info' com.vmware.vmo.plugin.vi4.model.TimeoutException

Procedure
1

Navigate to the following folder on the Orchestrator server system.
Option

Action

If you installed the standalone
version of Orchestrator

Go to install_directory\VMware\Orchestrator\app-server\conf.

If you downloaded and deployed
the virtual appliance

Go to /etc/vco/app-server/.

Open the vmo.properties configuration file in a text editor.

Set the com.vmware.vmo.plugin.vi4.waitUpdatesTimeout system property by adding the following line
to the vmo.properties file.
com.vmware.vmo.plugin.vi4.waitUpdatesTimeout=

Save the vmo.properties file.

Restart the Orchestrator server.

The value you set overrides the default timeout setting of 20000 milliseconds.

Modify the Number of Objects a Plug-In Search Obtains
By default, using the Orchestrator client to search for objects through a plug-in returns 20 objects at a time.
You can modify the plug-in configuration file to increase the number of objects that are returned.
Prerequisites
You must have installed a plug-in in the Orchestrator server.
Procedure
1

Navigate to the plug-in configuration folder install_directory\VMware\Orchestrator\appserver\conf\plugins on the Orchestrator server system.
This folder contains an XML configuration file for each plug-in you have installed in the Orchestrator
server.

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Open the XML configuration file of the plug-in for which you want to change the number of search
results.

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Installing and Configuring VMware vRealize Orchestrator

Add the following line to the XML configuration file for the plug-in.
50

This line sets the number of search results to return to 50.
4

Save the XML configuration file.

(Optional) Repeat Step 2 through Step 4 for each plug-in to modify.

Restart the Orchestrator server.

You increased the number of search results Orchestrator displays for a particular plug-in.

Modify the Number of Concurrent and Pending Workflows
By default, Orchestrator permits 300 workflows to run at the same time. When the Orchestrator server has to
run more than 300 concurrent workflows, the pending workflow runs are queued. When an active workflow
run completes, the next workflow in the queue starts to run. If the maximum number of queued workflows
is reached, the next workflow runs fail until one of the pending workflows starts to run.
By setting system properties in the Orchestrator vmo.properties configuration file, you can control the
number of workflows that are running at the same time and the number of pending workflows that are
waiting in a queue.
IMPORTANT If your system is configured with one CPU, the recommended maximum value of the

com.vmware.vco.workflow-engine.executors-count property is 100. If the number of concurrent workflows

is higher than 100, you might reach the maximum number of threads per processor.
Procedure
1

Navigate to the following folder on the Orchestrator server system.
Option

Action

If you installed the standalone
version of Orchestrator

Go to install_directory\VMware\Orchestrator\app-server\conf.

If you downloaded and deployed
the virtual appliance

Go to /etc/vco/app-server/.

Open the vmo.properties configuration file in a text editor.

Set the com.vmware.vco.workflow-engine.executors-count and com.vmware.vco.workflowengine.executors-max-queue-size properties by adding the following lines to the vmo.properies file.
com.vmware.vco.workflow-engine.executors-count=200
com.vmware.vco.workflow-engine.executors-max-queue-size=5000

Save the vmo.properties file.

Restart the Orchestrator server.

You set the maximum values for concurrent and pending workflows. You can run up to 200 workflows and
5000 workflows can be queued if the number of actively running workflows is reached.

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Where to Go From Here

When you have installed and configured vRealize Orchestrator, you can use Orchestrator to automate
frequently repeated processes related to the management of the virtual environment.
n

Log in to the Orchestrator client, run, and schedule workflows on the vCenter Server inventory objects
or other objects that Orchestrator accesses through its plug-ins.

Duplicate and modify the standard Orchestrator workflows and write your own actions and workflows
to automate operations in vCenter Server.

Develop plug-ins and Web services to extend the Orchestrator platform.

Run workflows on your vSphere inventory objects by using the vSphere Web Client.

This chapter includes the following topics:
n

“Log in to the Orchestrator Client on a Windows Machine,” on page 111

“Log In to the Orchestrator Client from the Orchestrator Appliance Web Console,” on page 112

Log in to the Orchestrator Client on a Windows Machine
To perform general administration tasks or to edit and create workflows, you must log in to the
Orchestrator client interface.
The Orchestrator client interface is designed for developers with administrative rights who want to develop
workflows, actions, and other custom elements.
IMPORTANT Ensure that the clocks of the Orchestrator server machine and the Orchestrator client machine
are synchronized.
Prerequisites
n

All components of the Orchestrator server must be configured and the Orchestrator server service must
be running.

The Orchestrator client supports Java SE 7 and later.

Procedure
1

Click Start > Programs > VMware > vRealize Orchestrator Client.

In the Host name field, type the IP address to which Orchestrator server is bound.
To check the IP address, log in to the Orchestrator configuration interface and check the IP settings on
the Network tab.

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Installing and Configuring VMware vRealize Orchestrator

Log in by using the Orchestrator user name and password.
To check the credentials, log in to the Orchestrator configuration interface and check the credentials on
the Authentication tab.

In the Security Warning window select an option to handle the certificate warning.
The Orchestrator client communicates with the Orchestrator server by using an SSL certificate. A
trusted CA does not sign the certificate during installation. Because of this, you receive a certificate
warning each time you connect to the Orchestrator server.
Option

Description

Ignore

Click Ignore to continue using the current SSL certificate.
The warning message appears again when you reconnect to the same
Orchestrator server, or when you try to synchronize a workflow with a
remote Orchestrator server.

Cancel

Click Cancel to close the window and stop the login process.

Install this certificate and do not
display any security warnings for it
anymore.

Select this check box and click Ignore to install the certificate and stop
receiving security warnings.

You can change the default SSL certificate with a certificate signed by CA. For more information about
changing SSL certificates, see “Changing SSL Certificates,” on page 95.
The My Orchestrator view appears. This view summarizes the recent activities on the server, shows
pending and running workflows, running policies, scheduled tasks, completed workflows, and elements
you recently edited.

Log In to the Orchestrator Client from the Orchestrator Appliance
Web Console
To perform general administration tasks or to edit and create workflows, you must log in to the
Orchestrator client interface.
The Orchestrator client interface is designed for developers with administrative rights who want to develop
workflows, actions, and other custom elements.
IMPORTANT Ensure that the clocks of the Orchestrator Appliance and the Orchestrator client machine are
synchronized.
Prerequisites
n

Download and deploy the Orchestrator Appliance.

Verify that the appliance is up and running.

Procedure
1

In a Web browser, go to the IP address of your Orchestrator Appliance virtual machine.
http://orchestrator_appliance_ip

Click Start Orchestrator Client.

Type the IP or the domain name of the Orchestrator Appliance in the Host name text box.
The IP address of the Orchestrator Appliance is displayed by default.

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Chapter 11 Where to Go From Here

User name: vcoadmin

Password: vcoadmin

If you are using vCenter Single Sign-On or another directory service as an authentication method, type
the respective credentials to log in to the Orchestrator client.
5

In the Security Warning window select an option to handle the certificate warning.
The Orchestrator client communicates with the Orchestrator server by using an SSL certificate. A
trusted CA does not sign the certificate during installation. You receive a certificate warning each time
you connect to the Orchestrator server.
Option

Description

Ignore

Continue using the current SSL certificate.
The warning message appears again when you reconnect to the same
Orchestrator server, or when you try to synchronize a workflow with a
remote Orchestrator server.

Cancel

Close the window and stop the login process.

Install this certificate and do not
display any security warnings for it
anymore.

Select this check box and click Ignore to install the certificate and stop
receiving security warnings.

You can change the default SSL certificate with a certificate signed by a CA. For more information about
changing SSL certificates, see Installing and Configuring VMware vRealize Orchestrator.
What to do next
You can import a package, start a workflow, or set root access rights on the system. See Using the
VMware vRealize Orchestrator.

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Index

add, certificate 97
additional configuration options 79
assign static IP 26
audience 7
authentication 63
authentication settings settings 70
authentication type 38
availability 17

database
connection parameters 50
import SSL certificate 49
installation 18
Oracle 18
server size 18
setup 18
SQL Server 18
SQL Server Express 18
database requirements 14
default password 101
default ports
command port 36
data port 36
HTTP port 36
HTTPS port 36
LDAP port 36
LDAP with Global Catalog 36
LDAP with SSL 36
lookup port 36
messaging port 36
Oracle port 36
SMTP port 36
SQL Server port 36
vCenter API port 36
Web configuration HTTP access port 36
Web configuration HTTPS access port 36
deploy the Orchestrator appliance 23
dereference links 47
disable access to Orchestrator client 103
disable SSH login 25
disabling Web service access 104
download the Orchestrator appliance 23

B
back up, configuration 98

C
certificate database 54, 55
change Orchestrator appliance password 25
change the management site SSL certificate 98
check-pointing 9
Client Integration Plug-in, installing 22
cluster mode 61
Command scripting class 107
configuration
config files 81
database connection 48, 50
default plug-ins 56
export configuration settings 81
import configuration settings 82
LDAP settings 46
network connection 35
Configuration plug-in 69
configuration maximums 17
configuring
network settings 26
Orchestrator with vCenter Server
appliance 91
Orchestrator in the vSphere Web Client 92
Orchestrator server 65
proxy settings 26
configuring Orchestrator 33
content, js-io-rights.conf file 105
conversion pattern 88
Create an Archive 28, 94
create the js-io-rights.conf file 107

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E
enable SSH login 25
events 83

F
file system
access from workflows 104
set workflow access 105
filter attributes 47
filtering, Orchestrator log files 88

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Installing and Configuring VMware vRealize Orchestrator

G
generate a certificate 96
get a certificate signed by a CA 97

H
hardware requirements, Orchestrator
Appliance 13
high availability 89

I
i18n support 15
ignore referrals 47
import, license 76
import SSL certificate, vCenter Single SignOn 39
import vCenter Server license 59
install
.dar plug-in 58
.vmoapp plug-in 58
SSL certificate from a CA 97
installing
Client Integration Plug-in 22
plug-in 58
installing Orchestrator, vRealize Orchestrator
standalone installer 21
internationalization 15

J
JavaScript 108
js-io-rights.conf file
content 105
rules 105
js-io-rights.conf file create 106

L
LDAP
browsing credentials 45
connection URL 43
LDAP Server Signing Requirements 43
lookup paths 46
SSL certificate 43
LDAP errors
525 48
52e 48
530 48
531 48
532 48
533 48
701 48
773 48
775 48
levels or rights, js-io-rights.conf file 105
license
adding vCenter Server license manually 60

116

import 76
importing plug-in licenses 83
importing vCenter Server license 59, 66
Orchestrator server access rights 60
licensing 63
load balancing 57
local store, certificate 97
log files 88
log in to
Linux console 25
Orchestrator client 112
Orchestrator configuration 66
login 35
logs
non-persistent logs 85
persistent logs 85

M
maximum concurrent workflows 110
maximum pending workflows 110
My Orchestrator view 111

N
non-ASCII characters 15, 21, 50

O
operating system commands, accessing 107
Orchestrator, register as an extension 93
Orchestrator appliance
change password 25
deploy 23
download 23
update 30
upgrade 30
Orchestrator cluster, upgrade 31
Orchestrator configuration, log in 66
Orchestrator plug-ins 12
Orchestrator version 15
Orchestrator API
file system access 104, 105
js-io-rights.conf file 104, 105
Orchestrator Appliance
hard disk 13
memory 13
system requirements 13
Orchestrator architecture 11
Orchestrator client
credentials 111
disable access 103
login 111
Orchestrator elements, back up 98
Orchestrator overview 9
OS 15

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Index

overview of, vCenter Single Sign-On 39

P
password 79
persistence 9
plug-ins
removing a plug-in 80
searching 109
plug-ins configuration
Mail plug-in 57
SSH plug-in 57
vCenter Server plug-in 58, 66
policy engine 9
power on 25

R
REST API
configuring database 73
configuring network 70
delete SSL certificate 75
enter license key 77
import license 76
LDAP authenticaton 71
manage SSL certificate 75
self-signed server certificate 74
SSL certificate import 75
vCenter Single Sign-On, registering
Orchestrator as a solution 72
right denial, js-io-rights.conf file 105
right permission, js-io-rights.conf file 105
rules, js-io-rights.conf file 105
runs 83

S
scalability 17
scenario 89
scripting
access to Java classes 108
accessing operating system commands 107
shutter system property 108
scripting engine 9
security 9
server certificate
CA-signed 52, 53
exporting 53, 54
importing 54
removing 55
self-signed 52, 53
server log
exporting 86
log level 86
server mode 61
services
starting 34, 63

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VMware vRealize Orchestrator
Configuration 34
VMware vRealize Orchestrator Server 63
setup guidelines
directory services 18
LDAP server 18
vCenter Server 18
vCenter Single Sign-On 18
SMTP connection 57
SQL Express, configuring SQL Express 48
SSH login 25
SSL certificate 37
SSL certificate, import 39
SSL certificates 95
SSL trust manager 75
system properties 103, 108–110
system requirements
directory services 14
hardware 13
operating systems 14
Orchestrator Appliance 13
supported browsers 14
supported databases 14

T
timeout 109
timeouts 47

U
uninstalling 32
unregister, Orchestrator from vCenter Single
Sign-On 93
upgrading Orchestrator 21, 26
upgrading Orchestrator standalone 26
use case 89
user permissions 38
user roles 10

V
vCenter Server
extension manager 93
managed object browser 93
vCenter Server plug-in 63
vCenter Server license 59
vCenter Single Sign-On
advanced registration 41
import SSL certificate 39
register Orchestrator 91
running in the vCenter Server Appliance 91
simple registration 40
unregister Orchestrator 93
versioning 9
virtual machine console, installing 22

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Installing and Configuring VMware vRealize Orchestrator

VMware vRealize Orchestrator Server, installing
as Windows service 63
vSphere infrastructure 63
vSphere Web Client, enable Orchestrator
workflows 92

W
Web service, disabling access 104
what to do next 111
workflow engine 9

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Keywords                        : Orchestrator , VMware., vCenter Server , virtual machine., orchestration , automation., Orchestrator system requirements., Orchestrator installation., Orchestratorupgrade , Orchestrator setup., Orchestratorconfiguration., Orchestratordatabase., Orchestratorconfiguration server., Orchestrator server., Orchestratorport
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