4RF SR135M130 VHF POINT TO POINT DIGITAL TRANSCEIVER User Manual Aprisa SR Product Description

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Document Description	User Manual 1
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Document Type	User Manual
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Date Submitted	2014-01-09 00:00:00
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Creation Date	2013-10-18 13:02:48
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Document Lastmod	2013-12-09 11:44:21
Document Title	Aprisa SR Product Description
Document Creator	Microsoft® Office Word 2007
Document Author:	Doug.Connor

October 2013
Version 1.6.2
| 1
Copyright
Copyright © 2013 4RF Limited. All rights reserved.
This document is protected by copyright belonging to 4RF Limited and may not be reproduced or
republished in whole or part in any form without the prior written permission of 4RF Limited.
Trademarks
Aprisa and the 4RF logo are trademarks of 4RF Limited.
Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and other countries. Java
and all Java-related trademarks are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the
United States and other countries. All other marks are the property of their respective owners.
Disclaimer
Although every precaution has been taken preparing this information, 4RF Limited assumes no liability for
errors and omissions, or any damages resulting from use of this information. This document or the
equipment may change, without notice, in the interests of improving the product.
RoHS and WEEE Compliance
The Aprisa SR is fully compliant with the European Commission’s RoHS (Restriction of Certain Hazardous
Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment) and WEEE (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment)
environmental directives.
Restriction of hazardous substances (RoHS)
The RoHS Directive prohibits the sale in the European Union of electronic equipment containing these
hazardous substances: lead, cadmium, mercury, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs),
and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs).
4RF has worked with its component suppliers to ensure compliance with the RoHS Directive which came
into effect on the 1st July 2006.
End-of-life recycling programme (WEEE)
The WEEE Directive concerns the recovery, reuse, and recycling of electronic and electrical equipment.
Under the Directive, used equipment must be marked, collected separately, and disposed of properly.
4RF has instigated a programme to manage the reuse, recycling, and recovery of waste in an
environmentally safe manner using processes that comply with the WEEE Directive (EU Waste Electrical
and Electronic Equipment 2002/96/EC).
4RF invites questions from customers and partners on its environmental programmes and compliance with
the European Commission’s Directives (sales@4RF.com).
Aprisa SR User Manual
2 |
Compliance General
The Aprisa SR digital radio predominantly operates within frequency bands that require a site license be
issued by the radio regulatory authority with jurisdiction over the territory in which the equipment is
being operated.
It is the responsibility of the user, before operating the equipment, to ensure that where required the
appropriate license has been granted and all conditions attendant to that license have been met.
Changes or modifications not approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s
authority to operate the equipment.
Equipment authorizations sought by 4RF are based on the Aprisa SR radio equipment being installed at a
fixed restricted access location and operated in point-to-multipoint or point-to-point mode within the
environmental profile defined by EN 300 019, Class 3.4. Operation outside these criteria may invalidate
the authorizations and / or license conditions.
The term ‘Radio’ with reference to the Aprisa SR User Manual, is a generic term for one end station of a
point-to-multipoint Aprisa SR network and does not confer any rights to connect to any public network or
to operate the equipment within any territory.
Compliance European Telecommunications Standards Institute
The Aprisa SR radio is designed to comply with the European Telecommunications Standards Institute
(ETSI) specifications as follows:
12.5 kHz Channel
25 kHz Channel
Radio performance
EN 300 113-2
EN 302 561
EMC
EN 301 489 Parts 1 & 5
Environmental
EN 300 019, Class 3.4
Safety
EN 60950-1:2006
Frequency band
Channel size
Power input
136-174 MHz
12.5 kHz, 25 kHz
12 VDC
400-470 MHz
12.5 kHz, 25 kHz
12 VDC
Aprisa SR User Manual
Notified
body
| 3
Compliance Federal Communications Commission
The Aprisa SR radio is designed to comply with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
specifications as follows:
Radio performance / EMC
47CFR part 90 Private Land Mobile Radio Services
47CFR part 15 Radio Frequency Devices
Safety
EN 60950-1:2006
Frequency band
limits
Channel
size
Power
input
Authorization
FCC ID
406.1 to 454.0 MHz
456.0 to 470.0 MHz
12.5 kHz
12 VDC
Part 90 Certification
UIPSRN0400012A
NOTE: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device,
pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against
harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment
generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with
the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this
equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be
required to correct the interference at his own expense.
Compliance Industry Canada
The Aprisa SR radio is designed to comply with Industry Canada (IC) specifications as follows:
Radio performance
RSS-GEN
RSS-119
EMC
This Class A digital apparatus complies with Canadian
standard ICES-003.
Cet appareil numérique de la classe A est conforme à
la norme NMB-003 du Canada.
Safety
EN 60950-1:2006
Frequency band
limits
Channel
size
Power
input
Authorization
IC ID
406.1 to 430.0 MHz
450.0 to 470.0 MHz
12.5 kHz,
25 kHz
12 VDC
RSS-119
6772A-SRN400
Aprisa SR User Manual
4 |
Compliance Hazardous Locations Notice
This product is suitable for use in Class 1, Division 2, Groups A - D hazardous locations or non-hazardous
locations.
WARNING - EXPLOSION HAZARD - DO NOT REPLACE FUSE UNLESS POWER HAS BEEN SWITCHED OFF OR THE
AREA IS KNOWN TO BE NON-HAZARDOUS.
AVERTISSEMENT - RISQUE D'EXPLOSION - COUPER LE COURANT OU S'ASSURER QUE L'EMPLACEMENT EST
DESIGNE NON DANGEREUX AVANT DE REPLACER LE FUSIBLE.
WARNING - EXPLOSION HAZARD - DO NOT DISCONNECT EQUIPMENT UNLESS POWER HAS BEEN SWITCHED
OFF OR THE AREA IS KNOWN TO BE NON-HAZARDOUS.
AVERTISSEMENT - RISQUE D'EXPLOSION - AVANT DE DECONNECTER L'EQUIPEMENT, COUPER LE COURANT OU
S'ASSURER QUE L'EMPLACEMENT EST DESIGNE NON DANGEREUX.
Protection switch remote control connection diagram for hazardous locations.
Aprisa SR User Manual
| 5
RF Exposure Warning
WARNING:
The installer and / or user of Aprisa SR radios shall ensure that a separation distance
as given in the following table is maintained between the main axis of the terminal’s
antenna and the body of the user or nearby persons.
Minimum separation distances given are based on the maximum values of the
following methodologies:
1. Maximum Permissible Exposure non-occupational limit (B or general public) of
47 CFR 1.1310 and the methodology of FCC’s OST/OET Bulletin number 65.
2. Reference levels as given in Annex III, European Directive on the limitation of
exposure of the general public to electromagnetic fields (0 Hz to 300 GHz)
(1999/519/EC). These distances will ensure indirect compliance with the
requirements of EN 50385:2002.
Frequency (MHz)
Maximum Power
(dBm)
Maximum Antenna
Gain (dBi)
Minimum Separation
Distance
(m)
136
+ 37
15
2.5
174
+ 37
15
2.5
330
+ 37
15
2.5
400
+ 37
15
2.5
470
+ 37
15
2.3
Aprisa SR User Manual
Contents | 7
Contents
1.
Getting Started ........................................................................ 13
2.
Introduction ............................................................................ 15
About This Manual ............................................................................... 15
What It Covers ............................................................................ 15
Who Should Read It ...................................................................... 15
Contact Us ................................................................................. 15
What’s in the Box ............................................................................... 15
Aprisa SR Accessory Kit .................................................................. 16
Aprisa SR CD Contents ................................................................... 16
Software ............................................................................ 16
Documentation .................................................................... 16
3.
About the Radio ....................................................................... 17
The 4RF Aprisa SR Radio........................................................................ 17
Product Overview ............................................................................... 18
Network Coverage and Capacity ....................................................... 18
Remote Messaging ........................................................................ 18
Repeater Messaging ...................................................................... 19
Product Features ................................................................................ 20
Functions .................................................................................. 20
Performance .............................................................................. 20
Usability ................................................................................... 20
Architecture............................................................................... 21
Product Operation................................................................. 21
Physical Layer............................................................................. 21
Data Link Layer / MAC layer ............................................................ 21
Channel Access .................................................................... 21
Hop by Hop Transmission ......................................................... 22
Network Layer ............................................................................ 23
Packet Routing ..................................................................... 23
Security ........................................................................................... 24
Interfaces......................................................................................... 25
Antenna Interface ........................................................................ 25
Ethernet Interface ....................................................................... 25
RS-232 Interface .......................................................................... 25
USB Interfaces ............................................................................ 25
Alarms...................................................................................... 25
Front Panel Connections ....................................................................... 26
LED Display Panel ............................................................................... 27
Normal Operation ........................................................................ 27
Single Radio Software Upgrade ......................................................... 27
Network Software Upgrade ............................................................. 28
Test Mode ................................................................................. 28
Aprisa SR User Manual
8 | Contents
4.
Product Options ....................................................................... 29
Dual Antenna Port ............................................................................... 29
Protected Station ............................................................................... 30
Protected Ports ........................................................................... 30
Operation .................................................................................. 31
Configuration Management ............................................................. 31
Switch Over ............................................................................... 31
Switching Criteria ................................................................. 32
Hardware Manual Lock ........................................................... 33
Remote Control .................................................................... 33
Installation ................................................................................ 34
Mounting ............................................................................ 34
Cabling .............................................................................. 34
Power ............................................................................... 34
Maintenance .............................................................................. 35
Changing the Protected Station IP Addresses ................................. 35
Protected Station Software Upgrade ........................................... 35
Replacing a Protected Station Faulty Radio ................................... 36
Spares ...................................................................................... 37
Replacing a Faulty Protection Switch .......................................... 37
Data Driven Protected Station................................................................. 38
Operation .................................................................................. 38
Switch Over ........................................................................ 39
Configuration Management ...................................................... 39
Installation ................................................................................ 40
Mounting ............................................................................ 40
Cabling .............................................................................. 41
Power ............................................................................... 41
Duplexer Kits ..................................................................................... 42
UHF Duplexer Kits ................................................................. 42
VHF Duplexer Kits ................................................................. 42
USB RS-232 Serial Port .......................................................................... 43
USB RS-232 operation ............................................................. 43
Cabling Options .................................................................... 44
USB Retention Clip ................................................................ 44
5.
Implementing the Network.......................................................... 45
Network Topologies ............................................................................. 45
Point-To-Point Network .......................................................... 45
Point-to-Multipoint Network ..................................................... 45
Point-to-Multipoint with Repeater 1............................................ 45
Point-to-Multipoint with Repeater 2............................................ 45
Initial Network Deployment ................................................................... 46
Install the Base Station .................................................................. 46
Installing the Remote Stations ......................................................... 46
Install a Repeater Station ............................................................... 46
Network Changes ................................................................................ 47
Adding a Repeater Station .............................................................. 47
Adding a Remote Station ................................................................ 47
Aprisa SR User Manual
Contents | 9
6.
Preparation ............................................................................ 49
Bench Setup ...................................................................................... 49
Path Planning .................................................................................... 50
Antenna Selection and Siting ........................................................... 50
Base or Repeater Station ......................................................... 50
Remote station .................................................................... 51
Antenna Siting ..................................................................... 52
Coaxial Feeder Cables ................................................................... 53
Linking System Plan ...................................................................... 53
Site Requirements ............................................................................... 54
Power Supply.............................................................................. 54
Equipment Cooling ....................................................................... 54
Earthing and Lightning Protection ..................................................... 55
Feeder Earthing.................................................................... 55
Radio Earthing ..................................................................... 55
7.
Installing the Radio ................................................................... 56
Mounting .......................................................................................... 56
Required Tools ............................................................................ 56
DIN Rail Mounting ........................................................................ 57
Rack Shelf Mounting ..................................................................... 58
Wall Mounting ............................................................................. 58
Installing the Antenna and Feeder Cable .................................................... 59
Connecting the Power Supply ................................................................. 60
External Power Supplies ................................................................. 60
Spare Fuses ................................................................................ 61
Additional Spare Fuses............................................................ 62
Aprisa SR User Manual
10 | Contents
8.
Managing the Radio ................................................................... 63
SuperVisor ........................................................................................ 63
Connecting to SuperVisor ............................................................... 63
Management PC Connection ..................................................... 64
PC Settings for SuperVisor ....................................................... 65
Login to SuperVisor................................................................ 69
Logout of SuperVisor .............................................................. 70
SuperVisor Page Layout........................................................... 71
SuperVisor Menu .......................................................................... 75
SuperVisor Menu Access .......................................................... 76
SuperVisor Menu Items ........................................................... 77
Standard Radio............................................................................ 78
Terminal ............................................................................ 78
Radio ................................................................................ 90
Serial .............................................................................. 102
Ethernet .......................................................................... 107
Networking ....................................................................... 112
Security ........................................................................... 116
Maintenance ..................................................................... 131
Events ............................................................................. 144
Software .......................................................................... 152
Network Status .................................................................. 167
Protected Station ...................................................................... 174
Terminal .......................................................................... 175
Maintenance ..................................................................... 190
Events ............................................................................. 194
Software .......................................................................... 197
Command Line Interface ..................................................................... 213
Connecting to the Management Port ................................................ 213
CLI Commands .......................................................................... 216
Viewing the CLI Terminal Summary........................................... 217
Changing the Radio IP Address with the CLI ................................. 217
In-Service Commissioning .................................................................... 218
Before You Start ............................................................................... 218
What You Will Need .................................................................... 218
Antenna Alignment ............................................................................ 219
Aligning the Antennas ................................................................. 219
9.
Maintenance .......................................................................... 221
No User-Serviceable Components ...........................................................
Radio Software Upgrade......................................................................
Network Software Upgrade ...........................................................
Upgrade Process .................................................................
Single Radio Software Upgrade .......................................................
File Transfer Method ............................................................
USB Boot Upgrade Method .....................................................
Software Downgrade ............................................................
Aprisa SR User Manual
221
222
222
222
223
223
224
225
Contents | 11
10. Interface Connections ............................................................... 226
RJ45 Connector Pin Assignments ............................................................
Ethernet Interface Connections .............................................................
RS-232 Serial Interface Connections ........................................................
Hardware Alarms Connections...............................................................
Protection Switch Remote Control Connections ..........................................
226
226
227
227
227
11. Alarm Types and Sources ........................................................... 228
Alarm Types .................................................................................... 228
Alarm Events ............................................................................ 228
Informational Events ................................................................... 231
12. Specifications ......................................................................... 232
RF Specifications ..............................................................................
Frequency Bands .......................................................................
Channel Sizes ...........................................................................
Transmitter .............................................................................
Receiver .................................................................................
Modem ...................................................................................
Data Payload Security .................................................................
Interface Specifications ......................................................................
Ethernet Interface .....................................................................
RS-232 Asynchronous Interface .......................................................
Hardware Alarms Interface ...........................................................
Protection Switch Specifications ............................................................
Power Specifications ..........................................................................
Power Supply............................................................................
Power Consumption ....................................................................
Power Dissipation ......................................................................
General Specifications ........................................................................
Environmental ..........................................................................
Mechanical ..............................................................................
Compliance ..............................................................................
232
232
232
232
233
233
233
234
234
235
235
235
236
236
236
237
238
238
238
238
13. Product End Of Life.................................................................. 239
End-of-Life Recycling Programme (WEEE) .................................................
The WEEE Symbol Explained ..........................................................
WEEE Must Be Collected Separately .................................................
YOUR ROLE in the Recovery of WEEE ................................................
EEE Waste Impacts the Environment and Health ..................................
239
239
239
239
239
14. Abbreviations ......................................................................... 241
15. Index ................................................................................... 242
Aprisa SR User Manual
Getting Started | 13
1.
Getting Started
This section is an overview of the steps required to commission an Aprisa SR radio network in the field:
Phase 1:
Pre-installation
1.
Confirm path planning.
Page 50
2.
Ensure that the site preparation is complete:
Page 53
Power requirements
Tower requirements
Environmental considerations, for example, temperature control
Mounting space
Phase 2:
Installing the radios
1.
Mount the radio.
Page 56
2.
Connect earthing to the radio.
Page 55
3.
Confirm that the:
Antenna is mounted and visually aligned
Feeder cable is connected to the antenna
Feeder connections are tightened to recommended level
Tower earthing is complete
4.
Install lightning protection.
Page 55
5.
Connect the coaxial jumper cable between the lightning protection and the
radio antenna port.
Page 59
6.
Connect the power to the radio.
Page 60
Aprisa SR User Manual
14 | Getting Started
Phase 3:
Establishing the link
1.
If radio’s IP address is not the default IP address (169.254.50.10 with a subnet
mask of 255.255.0.0) and you don’t know the radio’s IP address see ‘Command
Line Interface’ on page 213.
2.
Connect the Ethernet cable between the radio’s Ethernet port and the PC.
3.
Confirm that the PC IP settings are correct for the Ethernet connection:
Page 213
Page 65
IP address
Subnet mask
Gateway IP address
4.
Open a web browser and login to the radio.
Page 69
5.
Set or confirm the RF characteristics:
Page 92
TX and RX frequencies
TX output power
6.
Compare the actual RSSI to the expected RSSI value (from your path planning).
7.
Align the antennas.
8.
Confirm that the radio is operating correctly; the OK, DATA, CPU and RF LEDs
are light green (the AUX LED will be off).
Page 219
Aprisa SR User Manual
Introduction | 15
2.
Introduction
About This Manual
What It Covers
This user manual describes how to install and configure an Aprisa SR point-to-multipoint digital radio
network.
It specifically documents an Aprisa SR radio running system software version 1.6.2.
It is recommended that you read the relevant sections of this manual before installing or operating the
radios.
Who Should Read It
This manual has been written for professional field technicians and engineers who have an appropriate
level of education and experience.
Contact Us
If you experience any difficulty installing or using Aprisa SR after reading this manual, please contact
Customer Support or your local 4RF representative.
Our area representative contact details are available from our website:
4RF Limited
26 Glover Street, Ngauranga
PO Box 13-506
Wellington 6032
New Zealand
E-mail
support@4rf.com
Web site
www.4rf.com
Telephone
+64 4 499 6000
Facsimile
+64 4 473 4447
Attention
Customer Services
What’s in the Box
Inside the box you will find:
One Aprisa SR radio fitted with a power connector.
One Aprisa SR Accessory kit containing the following:
Aprisa SR CD
Aprisa SR Quick Start Guide
Management Cable
Aprisa SR User Manual
16 | Introduction
Aprisa SR Accessory Kit
The accessory kit contains the following items:
Aprisa SR Quick Start Guide
Aprisa SR CD
Management Cable
USB Cable USB A to USB micro B, 1m
Aprisa SR CD Contents
The Aprisa SR CD contains the following:
Software
The latest version of the radio software (see ‘Radio Software Upgrade’ on page 222)
USB Serial Driver
Web browsers - Mozilla Firefox and Internet Explorer are included for your convenience
Adobe™ Acrobat® Reader® which you need to view the PDF files on the Aprisa SR CD
Documentation
User manual - an electronic (PDF) version for you to view online or print
Product collateral - application overviews, product description, quick start guide, case studies,
software release notes and white papers
Aprisa SR User Manual
About the Radio | 17
3.
About the Radio
The 4RF Aprisa SR Radio
The 4RF Aprisa SR is a point-to-multipoint digital radio providing secure narrowband wireless data
connectivity for SCADA, infrastructure and telemetry applications.
The radios carry a combination of serial data and Ethernet data between the base station, repeater
stations and remote stations.
A single Aprisa SR is configurable as a point-to-multipoint base station, a remote station or a repeater
station.
Aprisa SR User Manual
18 | About the Radio
Product Overview
Network Coverage and Capacity
In a simple point-to-multipoint network, an Aprisa SR, configured as a base station, will communicate with
multiple remote units in a given coverage area. With a link range of up to 60 km, a typical deployment
will have 30 – 150 remote stations operating to the base station. However, geographic features, such as
hills, mountains, trees and foliage, or other path obstructions, such as buildings, tend to limit radio
coverage. Additionally, geography may reduce network capacity at the edge of the network where errors
may occur and require retransmission. However, the Aprisa SR uses Forward Error Correction (FEC) which
greatly improves the sensitivity performance of the radio resulting in less retries and minimal reduction in
capacity.
Ultimately, the overall performance of any specific network will be defined by a range of factors including
the geographic location, the number of remote stations in the base station coverage area and the traffic
profile across the network. Effective network design will distribute the total number of remote stations
across the available base stations to ensure optimal geographic coverage and network capacity.
The following are the maximum number of remotes that can operate to a base station for the product
configuration:
Configuration
Maximum Number Of Remotes
Non Protected Base Station
500
Protected Base Station
150
Remote Messaging
On start-up, the remote station transmits a registration message to the base stations which responds with
a registration response. This allows the base station to record the details of all the remote stations active
in the network.
If a remote station cannot register with the base station after multiple attempts (RF LED flashing red)
within 10 minutes, it will automatically reboot. If a remote station has registered with the base station
but then loses communication, it will automatically reboot within 6 minutes.
There are two message types in the Aprisa SR network, broadcast messages and unicast messages.
Broadcast messages are transmitted by the base station to the remote stations and unicast messages are
transmitted by the remote station to the base station.
All remotes within the coverage area will receive broadcast messages and pass them on to either the
Ethernet or serial interface. The RTU determines if the message is intended for it and will accept it or
discard it.
Only the base station can receive the unicast messages transmitted from the remote station. Unicast
messages are ignored by other remote stations which may be able to receive them.
Aprisa SR User Manual
About the Radio | 19
Repeater Messaging
The Aprisa SR uses a routed protocol throughout the network whereby messages contain source and
destination addresses. Upon registration, the radios populate an internal neighbor table to identify the
radios in the network. The remote stations will register with a base station, or a repeater, and the
repeater registers with a base station. In networks with a repeater, the repeater must register with the
base station before the remotes can register with the repeater.
Additionally, all messages contain a ‘message type’ field in the header and messages are designated as
either a ‘broadcast’ message, originating from a base station, or a ‘unicast’ message, originating from a
remote station.
In a network with a repeater, or multiple repeaters, the base station broadcasts a message which contains
a message type, a source address and a destination address. The repeater receives the message and
recognizes it is a broadcast message, from the message type and source address and re-broadcasts the
message across the network. All remote stations in the coverage area will receive the message but only
the radio with the destination address will act upon the message.
Similarly, the remote station will send a unicast message which contains a message type (unicast) a source
address and a destination address (the base station). The repeater will receive this message; recognize
the message type and source address and forward it to the destination address.
It is this methodology which prevents repeater-repeater loops. If there is repeater (A) which, in some
circumstances, is able to pick up the RF signal from another repeater (B), it will not forward the message
as it will only forward broadcast messages from the base station (recognized by the source address). For
unicast messages the repeater (A) will recognize that the message (from repeater (B)) is not from a
remote with which it has an association and similarly ignore the message.
Aprisa SR User Manual
20 | About the Radio
Product Features
Functions
Point-to-Point (PTP) or Point-to-Multipoint (PMP) operation half duplex
Licensed frequency bands:
VHF 136-174 MHz
UHF 400-470 MHz
Channel sizes:
12.5 kHz
25 kHz
Typical deployment of 30 remote stations from one base station with a practical limit of a few
hundred remote stations
Transparent to all common SCADA protocols; e.g. Modbus, IEC 60870-5-101/104, DNP3 or similar
Dual antenna port option for external duplexers or filters (half duplex operation)
Two Ethernet data interfaces plus two RS-232 asynchronous data interfaces
Terminal server operation for transporting RS-232 traffic over IP
Data encryption and authentication
Layer 2 Ethernet and layer 3 IP filtering
SNMPv2 and SNMPv3 support
Radio and user interface redundancy (provided with Aprisa SR Protected Station)
Complies with international standards, including ETSI RF, EMC, safety and environmental standards
Performance
Long distance operation
High transmit power
Low noise receiver
Forward Error Correction
Electronic tuning over the frequency band
Thermal management for high power over a wide temperature range
Usability
Configuration / diagnostics via front panel Management Port USB interface, Ethernet interface
Built-in webserver with full configuration, diagnostics and monitoring functionality, including
remote station configuration / diagnostics over the radio link
LED display for on-site diagnostics
Software upgrade and diagnostic reporting via the Host Port USB flash drive
Over-the-air software distribution and upgrades
Simple installation with integrated mounting holes for wall, DIN rail and rack shelf mounting
Aprisa SR User Manual
About the Radio | 21
Architecture
Product Operation
There are three components to the wireless interface: the Physical Layer (PHY), the Data Link Layer (DLL)
and the Network Layer. These three layers are required to transport data across the wireless channel in
the Point-to-Multipoint (PMP) configuration. The Aprisa SR DLL is largely based on the 802.15.4 MAC layer
using a proprietary implementation.
Physical Layer
The Aprisa SR PHY uses a one or two frequency ½ duplex transmission mode which eliminates the need for
a duplexer. However, a Dual Antenna port option is available for separate transmit and receive antenna
connection to support external duplexers or filters (half duplex operation).
Remote nodes are predominantly in receive mode with only sporadic bursts of transmit data. This reduces
power consumption.
The Aprisa SR is a packet based radio. Data is sent over the wireless channel in discrete packets / frames,
separated in time. The PHY demodulates data within these packets with coherent detection.
The Aprisa SR PHY provides carrier, symbol and frame synchronization predominantly through the use of
preambles. This preamble prefixes all packets sent over the wireless channel which enables fast
Synchronization.
Data Link Layer / MAC layer
The Aprisa SR PHY enables multiple users to be able to share a single wireless channel; however a DLL is
required to manage data transport. The two key components to the DLL are channel access and hop by
hop transmission.
Channel Access
The Aprisa SR radio has two modes of channel access, Access Request and Listen Before Send.
Option
Function
Access Request
Channel access scheme where the base stations controls the
communication on the channel. Remotes ask for access to the
channel, and the base station grants access if the channel is not
occupied.
Listen Before Send
Channel access scheme where network elements listen to ensure
the channel is clear, before trying to access the channel.
Aprisa SR User Manual
22 | About the Radio
Access Request
This scheme is particularly suited to digital SCADA systems where all data flows through the base station.
In this case it is important that the base station has contention-free access as it is involved in every
transaction. The channel access scheme assigns the base station as the channel access arbitrator and
therefore inherently it has contention-free access to the channel. This means that there is no possibility
of contention on data originating from the base station. As all data flows to or from the base station, this
significantly improves the robustness of the system.
All data messages are controlled via the AG (access grant) control message and therefore there is no
possibility of contention on the actual end user data. If a remote station accesses the channel, the only
contention risk is on the AR (access request) control message. These control messages are designed to be
as short as possible and therefore the risk of collision of these control messages is significantly reduced.
Should collisions occur these are resolved using a random back off and retry mechanism.
As the base station controls all data transactions multiple applications can be effectively handled,
including a mixture of polling and report by exception.
Listen Before Send
The Listen Before Send channel access scheme is realized using Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA). In
this mode, a pending transmission requires the channel to be clear. This is determined by monitoring the
channel for other signals for a set time prior to transmission. This results in reduced collisions and
improved channel capacity.
There are still possibilities for collisions with this technique e.g. if two radios simultaneously determine
the channel is clear and transmit at the same time. In this case an acknowledged transaction may be used.
The transmitter requests an ACK to ensure that the transmission has been successful. If the transmitter
does not receive an ACK, then random backoffs are used to reschedule the next transmission.
Hop by Hop Transmission
Hop by Hop Transmission is realized in the Aprisa SR by adding a MAC address header to the packet. For
802.15.4, there are 2 addresses, the source and destination addresses.
Aprisa SR User Manual
About the Radio | 23
Network Layer
Packet Routing
Packet routing is realized in the Aprisa SR by adding a network address header to the packet. This contains
source and destination addresses. For the Network Layer, there are 2 addresses, the address of the
originating radio and the address of the terminating radio (i.e. end to end network). This is required for
routing packets across multiple hops e.g. PMP with repeaters.
The Aprisa SR uses an automated method for performing address assignment and routing information.
There are two types of packets: unicast and broadcast. Only the base station sends broadcasts which are
received by all remote stations. User packets are not interpreted as the radio link is transparent.
Traffic
Data originating on the base station is broadcast to all repeater stations and remote stations
Data originating on a remote station is unicast to the base station only
This can be via multiple repeater stations.
Data originating on a repeater station is unicast to the base station only
Data originating on a base station serial port is terminated on remote station serial ports only
Data originating on a base station Ethernet port is terminated on remote station Ethernet ports or
serial ports (Terminal Server mode)
User Traffic
User traffic is prioritized depending on the Serial and Ethernet Data Priority options (see Traffic Settings
on ‘Radio > Channel Setup’ on page 97).
If the Serial and Ethernet Data Priority options are equal, then first come first served is invoked.
Repeater stations repeat traffic also on a first come first served basis.
Management Traffic
Management Traffic is prioritized relative to user traffic priority (see Traffic Settings on ‘Radio > Channel
Setup’ on page 97).
Aprisa SR User Manual
24 | About the Radio
Security
The Aprisa SR provides security features to implement the key recommendations for industrial control
systems. The security provided builds upon the best in class from multiple standards bodies, including:
IEC/TR 62443 (TC65) ‘Industrial Communications Networks – Network and System Security’
IEC/TS 62351 (TC57) ‘Power System Control and Associated Communications – Data and
Communication Security’
The security features implemented are:
Data encryption
Counter Mode Encryption (CTR) using Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)
Data authentication
Cipher Block Chaining Message Authentication Code (CBC-MAC) using Advanced Encryption
Standard (AES)
Data payload security
CCM
Counter with CBC-MAC integrity (NIST special publication 800-38C)
Secured management interface protects configuration
Address filtering enables traffic source authorization
Proprietary physical layer protocol and modified MAC layer protocol based on standardized IEEE
802.15.4
Licensed radio spectrum protects against interference
Aprisa SR User Manual
About the Radio | 25
Interfaces
Antenna Interface
Single Antenna Option
1 x TNC, 50 ohm, female connector
Dual Antenna Port Option
2 x TNC, 50 ohm, female connectors
Ethernet Interface
2 x ports 10/100 base-T Ethernet layer 2 switch using RJ45
Used for Ethernet user traffic and product management.
RS-232 Interface
1x RS-232 asynchronous port using RJ45 connector
1x RS-232 asynchronous port using USB host port with USB to RS-232 converter
Used for RS-232 asynchronous user traffic only.
USB Interfaces
1 x Management Port using USB micro type B connector
Used for product configuration with the Command Line Interface (CLI).
1 x Host Port using USB standard type A connector
Used for software upgrade and diagnostic reporting.
Alarms
2 x hardware alarm inputs on the power and alarm connector
The alarm states can be transported over the radio link and used to generate SNMP traps.
Aprisa SR User Manual
26 | About the Radio
Front Panel Connections
All connections to the radio are made on the front panel. The functions of the connectors are (from left to
right):
Designator
Description
A1 / A2
The A1, A2 are alarm connections are used in the Protected
Station.
10 - 30 VDC; 3A
+10 to +30 VDC (negative ground) DC power input using
Phoenix Contact 4 pin male screw fitting connector.
AC/DC and DC/DC power supplies are available as accessories.
See ‘External Power Supplies’ on page 60.
ETHERNET 1
Integrated 10Base-T/100Base-TX layer-2 Ethernet switch using
RJ45 connector.
Used for Ethernet user traffic and product management.
See ‘Ethernet > Port Setup’ on page 108.
ETHERNET 2
Integrated 10Base-T/100Base-TX layer-2 Ethernet switch using
RJ45 connector.
Used for Ethernet user traffic and product management.
See ‘Ethernet > Port Setup’ on page 108.
MGMT
Management Port using USB micro type B connector.
Used for product configuration with the Command Line
Interface.
See ‘Connecting to the Management Port’ on page 213.
Host Port using USB standard type A connector.
Used for software upgrade and diagnostic reporting.
See ‘Radio Software Upgrade’ on page 222 and ‘Maintenance >
General’ on page 134.
SERIAL
RS-232 traffic interface using a RJ45 connector.
Used for RS-232 asynchronous user traffic only.
See ‘Serial’ on page 102.
ANT
(Antenna connector)
TNC, 50 ohm, female connector for connection of antenna
feeder cable.
See ‘Coaxial Feeder Cables’ on page 53.
Aprisa SR User Manual
About the Radio | 27
LED Display Panel
The Aprisa SR has an LED Display panel which provides on-site alarms / diagnostics without the need for
PC.
Normal Operation
In normal radio operation, the LEDs indicate the following conditions:
OK
Solid
Red
DATA
CPU
Alarm present
with severity
Critical, Major
and Minor
Radio not
connected to a
base station
Alarm present
with Warning
Severity
Standby radio
in Protected
Station
Flashing
Orange
Tx Data or Rx
Data on the
USB
management
or data port
Flashing
Green
Tx Data or Rx
Data on the
serial port
Solid
Green
AUX
RF path fail
Flashing
Red
Solid
Orange
RF
Power on and
functions OK
and no alarms
All interface
ports are OK
Device detect
on the USB
host port
RF path TX is
active
RF path RX is
active
Processor Block
is OK and
Active radio in
Protected
Station
LED Colour
Severity
Green
No alarm – information only
Orange
Warning alarm
Red
Critical, major or minor alarm
RF path is OK
Single Radio Software Upgrade
During a radio software upgrade, the LEDs indicate the following conditions:
Software upgrade started - the OK LED flashes orange
Software upgrade progress indicated by running AUX to DATA LEDs
Software upgrade completed successfully - the OK LED solid orange
Software upgrade failed - any LED flashing red during the upgrade
Aprisa SR User Manual
Diagnostics
Function
Active
28 | About the Radio
Network Software Upgrade
During a network software upgrade, the AUX LED flashes orange on the base station and all remote
stations.
Test Mode
Remote station and repeater station radios have a Test Mode which presents a real time visual display of
the RSSI on the LED Display panel. This can be used to adjust the antenna for optimum signal strength (see
‘Maintenance > Test Mode’ on page 137 for Test Mode options).
To enter Test Mode, press and hold the ENTER button on the radio LED panel until all the LEDs flash green
(about 3 - 5 seconds). The response time is variable and can be up to 5 seconds.
To exit Test Mode, press and hold the ENTER button until all the LEDs flash red (about 3 – 5 seconds).
The RF LED will be green if the network is operating correctly.
Note: Test Mode traffic has a low priority but could affect customer traffic depending on the relative
priorities setup.
The RSSI result is displayed on the LED Display panel as a combination of LED states:
Aprisa SR User Manual
Product Options | 29
4.
Product Options
Dual Antenna Port
The standard Aprisa SR uses a one or two frequency ½ duplex transmission mode which eliminates the
need for a duplexer. However, a dual antenna port option is available for separate transmit and receive
antenna connection to support external duplexers or filters. The transmission remains half duplex.
Example Part:
Part Number
Part Description
APSR-N400-012-DO-12-ETAA
4RF SR, BR, 400-470 MHz, 12.5 kHz, DO, 12 VDC, ET, AA
Aprisa SR User Manual
30 | Product Options
Protected Station
The Aprisa SR Protected Station provides radio and user interface protection for Aprisa SR radios. The RF
ports and interface ports from two standard Aprisa SR Radios are switched to the standby radio if there is
a failure in the active radio.
Example Part:
Part Number
Part Description
APSR-R400-012-SO-12-ETAA
4RF SR, PS, 400-470 MHz, 12.5 kHz, SO, 12 VDC, ET, AA
The Aprisa SR Protected Station is comprised of an Aprisa SR Protection Switch and two standard Aprisa SR
radios. This configuration provides the ability to ‘hot-swap’ a failed radio without interrupting user traffic
on the active radio. Additionally, retains the full temperature range specification of a single radio.
The Aprisa SR radios can be any of the currently available Aprisa SR radio frequency bands, channel sizes
or single / dual antenna port options.
The Aprisa SR Protected Station can operate as a base station, repeater station or remote station. The
protection behavior and switching criteria between the active and standby radios is identical for the three
configurations.
By default, the Aprisa SR Protected Station is configured with the left hand radio (A) designated as the
primary radio and the right hand radio (B) designated as the secondary radio. Each radio is configured with
its own unique IP and MAC address and the address of the partner radio.
On power-up, the primary radio will assume the active role and the secondary radio will assume the
standby role. If, for some reason, only one radio is powered on it will automatically assume the active
role.
Protected Ports
The protected ports are located on the protected station front panel. Switching occurs between the active
radio ports and the standby radio ports based on the switching criteria described below.
The protected ports include:
Antenna ports ANT/TX and RX (if dual antenna ports used)
Ethernet ports 1 and 2
Serial port
Aprisa SR User Manual
Product Options | 31
Operation
In normal operation, the active radio carries all RS-232 serial and Ethernet traffic over the radio link and
the standby radio is unused with its transmitter turned off. Both radios are continually monitored for
correct operation and alarms are raised if an event occurs.
Both the active and standby radios send regular ‘keep alive’ messages to each other to indicate if they are
operating correctly. In the event of a failure on the active radio, the RF link and user interface traffic is
automatically switched to the standby radio.
The failed radio can then be replaced in the field without interrupting user traffic (see ‘Replacing a
Protected Station Faulty Radio’ on page 36).
Configuration Management
The Primary and Secondary radios are managed with the embedded web-based management tool,
SuperVisor (see ‘Managing the Radio’ on page 63) by using either the Primary or Secondary IP address.
Configuration changes in one of the radios will automatically be reflected in the partner radio.
To ensure all remote stations are registered to the correct (active) base station, changes to the Network
Table are automatically synchronized from the active radio to the standby radio. The Network Table is
only visible on the active radio. This synchronization does not occur if the Hardware Manual Lock is active.
Switch Over
The switch over to the standby radio can be initiated automatically, on fault detection, or manually via
the Hardware Manual Lock switch on the Protection Switch or the Software Manual Lock from SuperVisor.
Additionally, it is possible to switch over the radios remotely without visiting the station site, via the
remote control connector on the front of the Protection Switch.
On detection of an alarm fault the switch over time is less than 0.5 seconds. Some alarms may take up to
5 seconds to be detected.
The Protection Switch has a switch guard mechanism to prevent protection switch oscillation. If a switchover has occurred, subsequent switch-over triggers will be blocked if the guard time has not elapsed.
The guard time starts at 20 seconds and doubles each switch-over to a maximum of 320 seconds and
halves after a period of two times the last guard time with no protection switch-overs.
Aprisa SR User Manual
32 | Product Options
Switching Criteria
The Protected Station will switch over operation from the active to the standby radio if any of the
configurable alarm events occur, or if there is a loss of the ‘keep alive’ signal from the active radio.
It is possible to configure the alarm events which will trigger the switch over. It is also possible to prevent
an alarm event triggering a switch over through the configuration of blocking criteria.
Any of the following alarm events can be set to trigger or prevent switching from the active radio to the
standby radio (see ‘Events > Events Setup’ on page 146).
PA current
Tx AGC
Tx reverse power
Thermal shutdown
Temperature threshold
Thermal shutdown
RSSI Threshold
RX Synthesizer Not Locked
Rx CRC errors
RF no receive data
Port1 Eth no receive data
Port2 Eth no receive data
Port1 Eth data receive errors
Port2 Eth data receive errors
Port1 Eth data transmit errors
Port2 Eth data transmit errors
Port1 Serial Data No RX Data
Port1 Serial Data RX Errors
USB Port Serial Data No RX Data
USB Port Serial Data RX Errors
Component failure
Calibration failure
Configuration not supported
Protection Hardware Failure
Alarm Input 1
Alarm Input 2
It will not attempt to switch over to a standby radio which has power failure.
It will also not switch over to a standby radio with an active alarm event which has been configured as a
‘blocking criteria’.
Switch over will be initiated once either of these conditions is rectified, i.e. power is restored or the
alarm is cleared.
Aprisa SR User Manual
Product Options | 33
Hardware Manual Lock
The Hardware Manual Lock switch on the Protection Switch provides a manual override of the active /
standby radio.
When this lock is activated, the selected radio (A or B) becomes the active radio regardless of the
Software Manual Lock and the current switching or block criteria.
When the lock is deactivated (set to the Auto position), the protection will become automatic and
switching will be governed by normal switching and blocking criteria.
The state of the switch is indicated by the three LEDs on the Protection Switch:
A LED
B LED
Locked LED
State
Green
Off
Off
Auto - Radio A is active
Off
Green
Off
Auto - Radio B is active
Green
Off
Orange
Manual Lock to radio A
Off
Green
Orange
Manual Lock to radio B
The Protection Switch also has a Software Manual Lock (see ‘Protected Station: Maintenance > Protection’
on page 190). The Hardware Manual Lock takes precedence over Software Manual Lock if both diagnostic
functions are activated i.e. if the Software Manual Lock is set to ‘Primary’ and the Hardware Manual Lock
set to ‘Secondary’, the system will set the Secondary radio to Active.
When a Hardware Manual Lock is deactivated (set to the Auto position), the Software Manual Lock is reevaluated and locks set appropriately.
Remote Control
The switch over to the standby radio can be initiated via the Remote Control connector on the front of the
Protection Switch. This control will only operate if the Hardware Manual Lock switch is set to the Auto
position.
The inputs are logic inputs with 4700 Ω pullup to +3.3 VDC. They require a pull down to ground to activate
the control. The ground potential is available on the connector (see ‘Protection Switch Remote Control
Connections’ on page 227).
Aprisa SR User Manual
34 | Product Options
Installation
Mounting
The Aprisa SR Protected Station is designed to mount in a standard 19 inch rack.
Cabling
The Aprisa SR Protected Station is delivered pre-cabled with power, interface, management and RF
cables.
The set of interconnect cables is available as a spare part (see ‘Spares’ on page 37).
Power
A +10.5 to +30 V DC external power source must be connected to both the A and B Phoenix Contact 2 pin
male power connectors located on the protected station front panel. The A power input powers the A
radio and the B power input powers the B radio. The protection switch is powered from the A power input
or the B power input (which ever is available). The maximum combined power consumption is 35 Watts.
Aprisa SR User Manual
Product Options | 35
Maintenance
Changing the Protected Station IP Addresses
To change the IP address of a Protected Station radio:
1. Change the IP address of either or both the Primary Radio and Secondary radio (see ‘Protected
Station: ’ on page 186). Changes in these parameters are automatically changed in the partner radio.
Protected Station Software Upgrade
The Protected Station software upgrade can be achieved without disruption to traffic.
Network Software Upgrade
This process allows customers to upgrade their Aprisa SR network from the central base station location
without need for visiting remote sites.
The Software Pack is loaded into the base station with the file transfer process (see ‘Software > File
Transfer’ on page 156) and distributed via the radio link to all remote stations.
When all remote stations receive the Software Pack version, the software can be remotely activated on all
remote stations.
Single Radio Software Upgrade
USB Boot Upgrade Method
Assuming the Primary radio is active and the Secondary radio is standby
1. Using the Hardware Manual Lock switch, force the primary radio to active.
2. Insert the USB flash drive with the new software release into the secondary radio Host Port
3. Power cycle the secondary radio. The radio will be upgraded with the new software.
4. When the secondary radio upgrade is completed, remove the USB flash drive, power cycle the
secondary radio and wait for it to become standby.
5. Using the Hardware Manual Lock switch, force the secondary radio to active.
6. Insert the USB flash drive with the new software release into the primary radio Host Port
7. Power cycle the primary radio. The radio will be upgraded with the new software.
8. When the primary radio upgrade is completed, remove the USB flash drive, power cycle the primary
radio and wait for it to become standby.
9. Set the Hardware Manual Lock switch to the Auto position. The secondary radio will remain active and
the primary radio will remain standby. To set the primary radio to active, use the hardware lock
switch to select the primary radio and wait for it to become active, then set the hardware manual
lock switch to the Auto position.
Aprisa SR User Manual
36 | Product Options
Replacing a Protected Station Faulty Radio
Replacing a faulty radio in a Protected Station can be achieved without disruption to traffic.
Assuming that the primary radio is active and the secondary radio is faulty and needs replacement:
1. Ensure the replacement radio has the same version of software installed as the primary radio. If
necessary, upgrade the software in the replacement radio.
2. Set the RF Interface MAC Address (see ‘Maintenance > Advanced’ on page 141). This MAC address is
present on chassis label.
3. Using SuperVisor > Maintenance > Advanced ‘Save Configuration to USB’ and ‘Restore Configuration
from USB’ operation, clone the primary radio’s configuration to the replacement radio.
4. Configure the replacement radio as the secondary radio and setup the IP address and other protection
parameters (see ‘Terminal > Operating Mode’ on page 85).
5. Set the Hardware Manual Lock switch to make the primary radio active.
6. Carefully remove the faulty radio from the protection switch and install the replacement radio.
7. Power on the replacement radio and wait for it to become standby.
8. Set the Hardware Manual Lock switch to the Auto position.
Aprisa SR User Manual
Product Options | 37
Spares
The Aprisa SR Protection Switch is available as a spare part. This spare includes the protection switch and
two sets of Protection Switch interconnect cables (one set is 6 cables).
Part Number
Part Description
APSP-SRPSW
4RF Spare, Aprisa SR, Protection Switch
The set of interconnect cables is available as a spare part (set of 6 cables).
Part Number
Part Description
APSP-SRPSC-ST6
4RF Spare, Aprisa SR, Protection Switch Cables, Set Of 6
Replacing a Faulty Protection Switch
Note: Replacing a faulty Protection Switch will disrupt traffic.
Move the radios, the interconnect cables, the interface cables and the power cables to the replacement
Protection Switch.
On both Protected Station radios:
1. Power on the radio and wait for it to become ready.
2. Using SuperVisor > Maintenance > Advanced, enter the RF Interface MAC address shown on the
Protection Switch label (see ‘RF Interface MAC address’ on page 142).
3. Using SuperVisor > Maintenance > Advanced, Decommission the node (see ‘Decommission Node’ on
page 142) and then Discover the Nodes (see ‘Discover Nodes’ on page 142).
Ensure that the Hardware Manual Lock switch is set to the Auto position.
The Aprisa SR Protected Station is now ready to operate.
Aprisa SR User Manual
38 | Product Options
Data Driven Protected Station
The Aprisa SR Data Driven Protected Station provides radio and RS-232 serial port user interface
protection for Aprisa SR radios.
Example Part:
Part Number
Part Description
APSR-D400-012-DO-12-ETAA
4RF SR, PD, 400-470 MHz, 12.5 kHz, DO, 12 VDC, ET, AA
The Aprisa SR Data Driven Protected Station shown is comprised of two standard Aprisa SR dual antenna
port option radios and two external duplexers mounted on 19" rack mounting shelves.
The Aprisa SR radios can be any of the currently available Aprisa SR radio frequency bands, channel sizes
or single / dual antenna port options.
By default, the Aprisa SR Data Driven Protected Station is configured with the left hand radio (A)
designated as the primary radio and the right hand radio (B) designated as the secondary radio.
Each radio is configured with its own unique IP and MAC address and the address of the partner radio.
On power-up, the primary radio will assume the active role and the secondary radio will assume the
standby role. If, for some reason, only one radio is powered on it will automatically assume the active
role.
Operation
The active radio is determined explicitly by which radio receives data on its RS-232 serial port input from
the interface.
The active radio carries all RS-232 serial traffic over its radio link and the standby radio is unused with its
transmitter turned off.
If data is received on the RS-232 serial port interface input of the standby radio, it will immediately
become the active radio and the radio which was active will become the standby radio.
Aprisa SR User Manual
Product Options | 39
Switch Over
The active radio is determined explicitly by which radio receives data on its RS-232 serial port.
The switching and blocking criteria used for the standard Protected Station do not apply. This means that
events and alarms on the unit are not used as switching criteria.
Configuration Management
The Primary and Secondary radios are managed with the embedded web-based management tool,
SuperVisor (see ‘Managing the Radio’ on page 63) by using either the Primary or Secondary IP address.
Configuration changes in one of the radios will automatically be reflected in the partner radio.
Changes to the Network Table are automatically synchronized from the active radio to the standby radio
but the Network Table is only visible on the active radio.
Aprisa SR User Manual
40 | Product Options
Installation
Mounting
The Aprisa SR Data Driven Protected Station is designed to mount in a standard 19” rack on two 1U rack
mounting shelves.
Aprisa SR User Manual
Product Options | 41
Cabling
The Aprisa SR Data Driven Protected Station is delivered with the radios, duplexers, rack mounting shelves
and RF cables.
The picture demonstrates the RF cabling but the product is delivered with the cables separately packaged.
The set of interconnect cables is available as a spare part.
Power
A +10.5 to +30 V DC external power source must be connected to both the A and B Phoenix Contact 4 pin
male power connectors. The maximum combined power consumption is 35 Watts.
Aprisa SR User Manual
42 | Product Options
Duplexer Kits
The Aprisa SR product range contains Duplexer Kit accessories for use with the Dual Antenna port Aprisa
SR radios.
UHF Duplexer Kits
The Aprisa SR UHF Duplexer Kit contains:
1x 1U 19" rack mount shelf with duplexer mounting brackets and screws
1x Duplexer
2x TNC to SMA right angle 590mm cables
Part Number
Part Number
APSA-KDUP-400-B1
4RF SR Acc, Kit, Duplexer, 400-470 MHz, s 5 MHz, p 0.5 MHz, ext
VHF Duplexer Kits
The Aprisa SR VHF Duplexer Kit contains:
1x 1U 19" rack mount shelf with duplexer mounting brackets and screws
1xVHF Procom Duplexer
1x VHF Filter, Procom BPF 2/3 HX-150, 145 to 174 MHz
1x N type male to N type male 325mm
2x TNC to N type male right angle 590mm cable
Part Number
Part Number
APSA-KDUP-VHF-R2
4RF SR Acc, Kit, Duplexer, 152-175 MHz, s4-6 MHz, p100 kHz, High
APSA-KDUP-VHF-R3
4RF SR Acc, Kit, Duplexer, 152-175 MHz, s6-8 MHz, p100 kHz, High
APSA-KDUP-VHF-R4
4RF SR Acc, Kit, Duplexer, 152-175 MHz, s8-10 MHz, p100 kHz, High
APSA-KDUP-VHF-R5
4RF SR Acc, Kit, Duplexer, 138-156 MHz, s4-6 MHz, p100 kHz, Low
APSA-KDUP-VHF-R6
4RF SR Acc, Kit, Duplexer, 138-156 MHz, s6-8 MHz, p100 kHz, Low
APSA-KDUP-VHF-R7
4RF SR Acc, Kit, Duplexer, 138-156 MHz, s8-10 MHz, p100 kHz, Low
Aprisa SR User Manual
Product Options | 43
USB RS-232 Serial Port
The Aprisa SR USB host port is predominantly used for software upgrade and diagnostic reporting.
However, it can also be used to provide an additional RS-232 DCE serial port for customer traffic.
This is accomplished with a USB to RS-232 serial converter cable. This plugs into the USB host port
connector and can be terminated with the required customer connector.
This additional RS-232 serial port is enabled with the SuperVisor mode setting in Serial Port Settings (see
‘Serial > Port Setup’ on page 103).
The Aprisa SR USB port has driver support for these USB serial converters. Other USB serial converters may
not operate correctly.
USB RS-232 operation
The USB serial converter buffers the received data frames into 64 byte blocks separated by a small interframe gap.
For the majority of applications, this fragmentation of egress frames is not an issue. However, there are
some applications that may be sensitive to the inter-frame gap, therefore, these applications need
consideration.
A 5 ms inter-frame is recommended for the applications that are sensitive to inter-frame gap timings.
On a USB RS-232 port, Modbus RTU can operate up to 9600 baud with all packet sizes and up to 115200 if
the packet size is less than 64 bytes. The standard RS-232 port is fully compatible with Modbus RTU at all
baud rates.
Aprisa SR User Manual
44 | Product Options
Cabling Options
The following converter cables are available as Aprisa SR accessories to provide the customer interface.
The kit contains a USB connector retention clip (see USB Retention Clip below):
1. USB Converter to 1.8 metre multi-strand cable 6 wire for termination of customer connector
Part Number
Part Number
APSA-IFCA-USB-MS-18
4RF SR Acc, Cable, Interface, USB Converter, Multi-strand, 1.8m
2. USB converter to RJ45 female kit for USB to RS-232 DCE conversion.
Part Number
Part Number
APSA-KFCA-USB-45-MF-18
4RF SR Acc, Kit, Interface, USB Converter, RJ45, Female, 1.8m
3. USB converter to DB9 female kit for USB to RS-232 DCE conversion.
Part Number
Part Number
APSA-KFCA-USB-D9-MF-18
4RF SR Acc, Kit, Interface, USB Converter, DB9, Female, 1.8m
USB Retention Clip
The USB Retention Clip attaches to the underside of the Aprisa SR enclosure adjacent to the USB
connector.
To attach the USB Retention Clip:
1. Clean the enclosure surface where the retention clip will attach with an alcohol based cleaner e.g.
Isopropanol.
2. Peel off the retention clip protective backing.
3. Stick the clip onto the SR enclosure ensuring that it aligns to the middle of the radio USB connector.
Aprisa SR User Manual
Implementing the Network | 45
5.
Implementing the Network
Network Topologies
The following are examples of typical network topologies:
Point-To-Point Network
Point-to-Multipoint Network
Point-to-Multipoint with Repeater 1
Point-to-Multipoint with Repeater 2
Aprisa SR User Manual
46 | Implementing the Network
Initial Network Deployment
Install the Base Station
To install the base station in your network:
1. Install the base station radio (see ‘Installing the Radio’ on page 56).
2. Set the radio Network ID (network) to a unique ID in your entire network (see ‘Terminal > Device’ on
page 82).
3. Set the radio IP address (see ‘Terminal > Device’ on page 82).
4. Set the radio frequencies to the frequencies you wish to operate from (see ‘Radio > Radio Setup’ on
page 92).
5. Set the radio operating mode to ‘base station’ (see ‘Terminal > Operating Mode’ on page 85).
6. Set the radio security settings (see ‘Security > Setup’ on page 117).
Installing the Remote Stations
To install the remote stations in your network:
1. Install the remote station radio (see ‘Installing the Radio’ on page 56).
2. Set the radio Network ID (network) to the same ID as the other stations in the network (see ‘Terminal
> Device’ on page 82).
3. Set the radio IP address (see ‘Terminal > Device’ on page 82).
4. Set the radio frequencies to the base station / repeater station frequencies you wish to operate from
(see ‘Radio > Radio Setup’ on page 92).
5. Set the radio operating mode to ‘remote station’ (see ‘Terminal > Operating Mode’ on page 85).
6. Set the radio security settings to the same as the base station (see ‘Security > Setup’ on page 117).
The base station will automatically allocate a node address to the new remote station.
Install a Repeater Station
To install a repeater station in your network:
1. Install the repeater station radio (see ‘Installing the Radio’ on page 56).
2. Set the radio Network ID (network) to the same ID as the other stations in the network (see ‘Terminal
> Device’ on page 82).
3. Set the radio IP address (see ‘Terminal > Device’ on page 82).
4. Set the radio frequencies to base station frequencies you wish to operate from (see ‘Radio > Radio
Setup’ on page 92).
5. Set the radio operating mode to ‘repeater station’ (see ‘Terminal > Operating Mode’ on page 85).
6. Set the radio security settings to the same as the base station (see ‘Security > Setup’ on page 117).
7. Increase the radio network radius by one on all stations in the network (see ‘Terminal > Device’ on
page 82).
The base station will automatically allocate a node address to the new repeater station.
Aprisa SR User Manual
Implementing the Network | 47
Network Changes
Adding a Repeater Station
To add a repeater station to your network:
1. Install the repeater station radio (see ‘Installing the Radio’ on page 56).
2. Set the radio Network ID (network) to the same ID as the other stations in the network (see ‘Terminal
> Device’ on page 82).
3. Set the radio IP address (see ‘Terminal > Device’ on page 82).
4. Set the radio frequencies to the base station frequencies you wish to operate from (see ‘Radio > Radio
Setup’ on page 92).
5. Set the radio operating mode to ‘repeater station’ (see ‘Terminal > Operating Mode’ on page 85).
6. Increase the radio network radius by one on all stations in the network (see ‘Terminal > Device’ on
page 82).
The base station will automatically allocate a node address to the new repeater station.
To remove a repeater station from your network:
1. Turn the power off on the remote station radios operating from the repeater station radio you wish to
remove.
2. Turn the power off on the repeater station radio you wish to remove.
3. Decrease the network radius by one on all stations in the network (see ‘Terminal > Device’ on page
82).
Adding a Remote Station
To add a remote station to your network:
1. Install the remote station radio (see ‘Installing the Radio’ on page 56).
2. Set the radio Network ID (network) to the same ID as the other stations in the network (see ‘Terminal
> Device’ on page 82).
3. Set the radio IP address (see ‘Terminal > Device’ on page 82).
4. Set the radio frequencies to the base station / repeater station frequencies you wish to operate from
(see ‘Radio > Radio Setup’ on page 92).
5. Set the radio operating mode to ‘remote station’ (see ‘Terminal > Operating Mode’ on page 85).
The base station will automatically allocate a node address to the new remote station.
To remove a remote station from your network:
1. Turn the power off on the remote station radio you wish to remove. This is the only action that is
required.
Note: The remote station will continue to show in the Network Table list.
Aprisa SR User Manual
Preparation | 49
6.
Preparation
Bench Setup
Before installing the links in the field, it is recommended that you bench-test the links. A suggested setup
for basic bench testing is shown below:
When setting up the equipment for bench testing, note the following:
Earthing
Each radio should be earthed at all times. The radio earth point should be connected to a protection
earth.
Attenuators
In a bench setup, there should be 60 - 80 dB at up to 1 GHz of 50 ohm coaxial attenuation, capable of
handling the transmit power of +37 dBm (5 W) between the radios’ antenna connectors.
Splitter
If more than two radios are required in your bench setup, a multi-way splitter is required. The diagram
shows a two way splitter. This splitter should be 50 ohm coaxial up to 1 GHz and capable of handling the
transmit power of +37 dBm (5 W).
Cables
Use double-screened coaxial cable that is suitable for use up to 1 GHz at ≈ 1 metre.
CAUTION: Do not apply signals greater than +10 dBm to the antenna connection as they can damage the
receiver.
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50 | Preparation
Path Planning
The following factors should be considered to achieve optimum path planning:
Antenna Selection and Siting
Coaxial Cable Selection
Linking System Plan
Antenna Selection and Siting
Selecting and siting antennas are important considerations in your system design. The antenna choice for
the site is determined primarily by the frequency of operation and the gain required to establish reliable
links.
Base or Repeater Station
The predominant antenna for a base station or a repeater station is an omni-directional collinear gain
antenna.
Omni Directional Collinear Antennas
Factor
Explanation
Frequency
Often used in 380-530 MHz bands
Gain
Varies with size (5 dBi to 8 dBi typical)
Wind loading
Minimal
Tower aperture required
Minimal
Size
Range from 2 m to 3 m length
Polarization
Vertical
Aprisa SR User Manual
Preparation | 51
Remote station
There are two main types of directional antenna that are commonly used for remote stations, Yagi and
corner reflector antennas.
Yagi Antennas
Factor
Explanation
Frequency
Often used in 350-600 MHz bands
Gain
Varies with size (typically 11 dBi to 16
dBi)
Stackable gain increase
2 Yagi antennas (+ 2.8 dB)
4 Yagi antennas (+ 5.6 dB)
Size
Range from 0.6 m to 3 m in length
Front to back ratio
Low (typically 18 to 20 dB)
It is possible to increase the gain of a Yagi antenna installation by placing two or more of them in a stack.
The relative position of the antennas is critical.
Example of stacked antennas
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52 | Preparation
Corner Reflector Antennas
Factor
Explanation
Frequency
Often used in 330-960 MHz bands
Gain
Typically 12 dBi
Size
Range from 0.36 m to 0.75 m in length
Front to back ratio
High (typically 30 dB)
Beamwidth
Broad (up to 60°)
Antenna Siting
When siting antennas, consider the following points:
A site with a clear line of sight to the remote radio is recommended. Pay particular attention to trees,
buildings, and other obstructions close to the antenna site.
Example of a clear line-of-sight path
Any large flat areas that reflect RF energy along the link path, for instance, water, could cause multipath
fading. If the link path crosses a feature that is likely to cause RF reflections, shield the antenna from the
reflected signals by positioning it on the far side of the roof of the equipment shelter or other structure.
Example of a mid-path reflection path
The antenna site should be as far as possible from other potential sources of RF interference such as
electrical equipment, power lines and roads. The antenna site should be as close as possible to the
equipment shelter.
Wide angle and zoom photographs taken at the proposed antenna location (looking down the proposed
path), can be useful when considering the best mounting positions.
Aprisa SR User Manual
Preparation | 53
Coaxial Feeder Cables
To ensure maximum performance, it is recommended that you use good quality low-loss coaxial cable for
all feeder runs. When selecting a coaxial cable consider the following:
Factor
Effect
Attenuation
Short cables and larger diameter cables have less attenuation
Cost
Smaller diameter cables are cheaper
Ease of installation
Easier with smaller diameter cables or short cables
For installations requiring long feeder cable runs, use the LCF78, LCF12 or CNT-400 feeder cable or
equivalent:
Part Number
Part Description
Specification
RFS LCF78 50JA
Feeder Cable, 7/8’, CELLFLEX, Low
Loss, Std, /m, MOQ 50
Low loss 7/8’ (22.2 mm) feeder cable
Bending radius of 125 mm min
Attenuation of 2.5 dB / 100m @ 450 MHz
RFS LCF12 50J
Feeder Cable, 1/2’, CELLFLEX, Low
Loss, Std, /m, MOQ 50
Low loss 0.5’ (12.7 mm) feeder cable
Bending radius of 125 mm min
Attenuation of 4.7 dB / 100m @ 450 MHz
RFI CNT 400
Feeder, CNT-400, 10.8mm, Double
Shielded Solid Polyethylene
Low loss 0.4’ (10.8 mm) feeder cable
UV protected black Polyethylene, bonded
AL tape outer conductor
Bending radius of 30 mm min
Attenuation of 8.8 dB / 100m @ 450 MHz
For installations requiring short feeder cable runs, use the RFI 8223 feeder cable or equivalent:
Part Number
Part Description
Specification
RFI 8223
Feeder, RG 223 5.4mm d, Double
Shielded Solid Polyethylene
Bending radius of 20 mm min
Attenuation of 30.5 dB / 100m @ 450 MHz
When running cables:
Run coaxial feeder cable from the installation to the antenna, ensuring you leave enough extra cable at
each end to allow drip loops to be formed.
Terminate and ground the feeder cables in accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions. Bond the
outer conductor of the coaxial feeder cables to the base of the tower mast.
Linking System Plan
All of the above factors combine in any proposed installation to create a Linking System Plan. The Linking
System Plan predicts how well the radios will perform after it is installed.
Use the outputs of the Linking System Plan during commissioning to confirm the radios have been installed
correctly and that it will provide reliable service.
Aprisa SR User Manual
54 | Preparation
Site Requirements
Power Supply
Ensure a suitable power supply is available for powering the radio.
The nominal input voltage for a radio is +13.8 VDC (negative earth) with an input voltage range of +10 to
+30 VDC. The maximum power input is 30 W.
WARNING:
Before connecting power to the radio, ensure that the radio is grounded via the
negative terminal of the DC power connection.
Equipment Cooling
If the Aprisa SR is operated in an environment where the ambient temperature exceeds 50°C, the Aprisa
SR convection air flow over the heat sinks must be considered.
The environmental operating conditions are as follows:
Operating temperature
-40 to +70˚ C
Storage temperature
-40 to +80˚ C
Humidity
Maximum 95% non-condensing
WARNING:
If the Aprisa SR is operated in an environment where the ambient temperature
exceeds 50°C, the Aprisa SR must be installed within a restricted access location to
prevent human contact with the enclosure heatsink.
Aprisa SR User Manual
Preparation | 55
Earthing and Lightning Protection
WARNING:
Lightning can easily damage electronic equipment.
To avoid this risk, install primary lightning protection devices on any interfaces that
are reticulated in the local cable network.
You should also install a coaxial surge suppressor on the radio antenna port.
Feeder Earthing
Earth the antenna tower, feeders and lightning protection devices in accordance with the appropriate
local and national standards. The diagram below shows the minimum requirements.
Use grounding kits as specified or supplied by the coaxial cable manufacturer to properly ground or bond
the cable outer.
Radio Earthing
The Aprisa SR has an earth connection point on the top left of the enclosure. A M4 8mm pan pozi machine
screw and a M4 lock washer is supplied fitted to the radio. This can be used to earth the enclosure to a
protection earth.
Aprisa SR User Manual
56 | Installing the Radio
7.
Installing the Radio
CAUTION:
You must comply with the safety precautions in this manual or on the product
itself.
4RF does not assume any liability for failure to comply with these precautions.
Mounting
The Aprisa SR has four threaded holes (M4) in the enclosure base and two holes (5.2 mm) through the
enclosure for mounting.
Mounting options include:
DIN rail mounting with the Aprisa SR DIN Rail Mounting Bracket
Rack shelf mounting
Wall mounting
Outdoor enclosure mounting
WARNING:
If the Aprisa SR is operated in an environment where the ambient temperature
exceeds 50°C, the Aprisa SR must be installed within a restricted access location to
prevent human contact with the enclosure heatsink.
Required Tools
No special tools are needed to install the radio.
Aprisa SR User Manual
Installing the Radio | 57
DIN Rail Mounting
The Aprisa SR has an optional accessory part to enable the mounting on a standard DIN rail:
Part Number
Part Description
APSA-MBRK-DIN
4RF Aprisa SR Acc, Mounting, Bracket, DIN Rail
The Aprisa SR is mounted into the DIN rail mounting bracket using the four M4 threaded holes in the Aprisa
SR enclosure base. Four 8 mm M4 pan pozi machine screws are supplied with the bracket.
The Aprisa SR DIN rail mounting bracket can be mounted in four positions on a horizontal DIN rail:
Vertical Mount (vertical enclosure perpendicular to the mount)
Horizontal Mount (horizontal enclosure perpendicular to the mount)
Flat Vertical Mount (vertical enclosure parallel to the mount)
Flat Horizontal Mount (horizontal enclosure parallel to the mount)
The DIN rail mounting bracket has two clips which are positioned to allow for the four mounting positions.
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58 | Installing the Radio
Rack Shelf Mounting
The Aprisa SR can be mounted on a rack mount shelf using the four M4 threaded holes in the Aprisa SR
enclosure base. The following picture shows Aprisa SR mounted on 1 RU rack mounted shelves.
WARNING:
If the Aprisa SR is operated in an environment where the ambient temperature
exceeds 50°C, the Aprisa SR convection air flow over the heat sinks must be
considered.
Wall Mounting
The Aprisa SR can be mounted on a wall using the two holes through the enclosure (5.2 mm diameter).
Typically, M5 screws longer than 35 mm would be used.
Aprisa SR User Manual
Installing the Radio | 59
Installing the Antenna and Feeder Cable
Carefully mount the antenna following the antenna manufacturers’ instructions. Run feeder cable from
the antenna to the radio location.
Lightning protection must be incorporated into the antenna system (see ‘Earthing and Lightning
Protection’ on page 55).
WARNING:
When the link is operating, there is RF energy radiated from the antenna.
Do not stand in front of the antenna while the radio is operating (see the ‘RF
Exposure Warning’ on page 3).
Fit the appropriate male or female connector (usually N-type) to the antenna feeder at the antenna end.
Carefully follow the connector manufacturers’ instructions.
Securely attach the feeder cable to the mast and cable trays using cable ties or cable hangers. Follow the
cable manufacturer’s recommendations about the use of feeder clips, and their recommended spacing.
Connect the antenna and feeder cable. Weatherproof the connection with a boot, tape or other approved
method.
The Aprisa SR antenna connection is a TNC female connector so the feeder / jumper must be fitted with a
TNC male connector.
If a jumper is used between the feeder and the radio, connect a coaxial surge suppressor or similar
lightning protector between the feeder and jumper cables (or at the point where the cable enters the
equipment shelter). Connect the feeder cable to the antenna port on the radio.
Earth the case of the lightning protector to the site Lightning Protection Earth.
The Aprisa SR has an earth connection point on the top left of the enclosure. A M4 8mm pan pozi machine
screw and a M4 lock washer is supplied fitted to the radio. This can be used to earth the enclosure to a
protection earth.
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60 | Installing the Radio
Connecting the Power Supply
The nominal input voltage for a radio is +13.8 VDC (negative earth) with an input voltage range of +10 to
+30 VDC. The maximum power input is 30 W.
The power connector required is a Phoenix Contact 4 pin female screw fitting part MC 1.5/ 4-STF-3.5. This
connector is supplied fitted to the radio.
The negative supply of the Aprisa SR power connection is internally connected to the Aprisa SR enclosure.
Power must be supplied from a Negative Earthed power supply.
Wire your power source to power connector and plug the connector into the radio. The connector screws
can be fastened to secure the connector.
Additional Phoenix Contact 4 pin female power connectors can be ordered from 4RF:
Part Number
Part Description
APSA-CPH4-FEM-01
4RF Aprisa SR Acc, Connector, Phoenix 4 pin, Female, 1 item
Turn your power source on:
All the radio LEDs will flash orange for one second and then the OK, DATA and CPU LEDs will light
green, the RF LED will light orange and the AUX LED will be off
The Aprisa SR radio is ready to operate
The RF LED will light green when the radio is registered with the network
If the LEDs fail to light, carefully check the supply polarity. If the power supply connections have been
accidentally reversed, internal fuses will have blown to protect the unit.
Spare fuses are contained within the radio, see ‘Spare Fuses’ on page 61 for instructions on how to locate
and replace the fuses.
External Power Supplies
The following external power supplies are available from 4RF as accessories:
Part Number
Part Description
APSA-P230-030-24-TS
4RF Aprisa SR Acc, PSU, 230 VAC, 30W, 24 VDC, -10 to +60C
APSA-P230-048-24-TE
4RF Aprisa SR Acc, PSU, 230 VAC, 48W, 24 VDC, -20 to +75C
APSA-P230-060-24-TS
4RF Aprisa SR Acc, PSU, 230 VAC, 60W, 24 VDC, -10 to +60C
APSA-P48D-050-24-TA
4RF Aprisa SR Acc, PSU, 48 VDC, 50W, 24 VDC, 0 to +50C
Aprisa SR User Manual
Installing the Radio | 61
Spare Fuses
The Aprisa SR PBA contains two fuses in the power input with designators F2 and F3. Both the positive and
negative power connections are fused. The fuse type is a Littelfuse 0453005 with a rating of 5 A, 125 V,
very fast acting.
To replace the fuses:
1. Remove the input power and antenna cable.
2. Unscrew the enclosure securing screws (posi 2).
2. Separate the enclosure halves.
CAUTION: Antistatic precautions must be taken as the internal components are static sensitive.
3. Access the enclosure spare fuses under the plastic cap.
Aprisa SR User Manual
62 | Installing the Radio
4. Replace the two fuses.
5. Close the enclosure and tighten the screws.
Note: Is it critical that the screws are re-tightened to 1.2 Nm. The transmitter adjacent channel
performance can be degraded if the screws are not tightened correctly.
Additional Spare Fuses
Additional spare fuses can be ordered from 4RF:
Part Number
Part Description
APSA-FNAN-453-05-02
4RF Aprisa SR Acc, Fuse, Nano SMF, 453 Series, 5A, 2 items
Aprisa SR User Manual
Managing the Radio | 63
8.
Managing the Radio
SuperVisor
The Aprisa SR contains an embedded web server application (SuperVisor) to enable element management
with any major web browser (such as Mozilla Firefox or Microsoft® Internet Explorer).
SuperVisor enables operators to configure and manage the Aprisa SR base station radio and repeater /
remote station radios over the radio link.
The key features of SuperVisor are:
Full element management, configuration and diagnostics
Manage the entire network from the Base Station (remote management of elements)
Managed network software distribution and upgrades
Performance and alarm monitoring of the entire network, including RSSI, alarm states, timestamped events, etc.
View and set standard radio configuration parameters including frequencies, transmit power,
channel access, serial, Ethernet port settings
Set and view security parameters
User management
Connecting to SuperVisor
The predominant management connection to the Aprisa SR radio is with an Ethernet interface using
standard IP networking. There should be only one Ethernet connection from any radio in the network to
the management network.
The Aprisa SR has a factory default IP address of 169.254.50.10 with a subnet mask of 255.255.0.0. This is
an IPv4 Link Local (RFC3927) address which simplifies the connection to a PC.
Each radio in the network must be set up with a unique IP address on the same subnet.
The Aprisa SR Protected Station radio A (left radio) has a factory default IP address of 169.254.50.10 and
radio B (right radio) has a factory default IP address of 169.254.50.20, both with a subnet mask of
255.255.0.0.
To change the Aprisa SR IP address:
1. Set up your PC for a compatible IP address e.g. 169.254.50.1 with a subnet mask of 255.255.0.0.
2. Connect your PC network port to one of the Aprisa SR Ethernet ports.
3. Open a browser and enter http://169.254.50.10.
4. Login to the radio with the default Username ‘admin’ and Password ‘admin’.
5. Change the IP address to conform to the network plan in use.
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64 | Managing the Radio
Management PC Connection
The active management PC must only have one connection to the network as shown by path . There
should not be any alternate path that the active management PC can use via an alternate router or
alternate LAN that would allow the management traffic to be looped as shown by path .
When logging into a network, it is important to understand the relationship between the Local Radio and
the Remote Radios.
The Local Radio is the radio that your IP network is physically connected to.
If the Local Radio is a base station, SuperVisor manages the base station and all the repeater stations and
remote stations in the network.
If the Local Radio is a remote station or repeater station, SuperVisor only manages the remote / repeater
station radio logged into.
If the user is at the remote station and connects SuperVisor directly to the remote radio via their
computer, all relevant features are still available. This includes the ability to monitor the ‘Last received
packet RSSI. If ICMP is enabled on the base station, the user will also be able to ping the base station to
confirm the connectivity.
Aprisa SR User Manual
Managing the Radio | 65
PC Settings for SuperVisor
To change the PC IP address:
If your PC has previously been used for other applications, you may need to change the IP address and the
subnet mask settings. You will require Administrator rights on your PC to change these.
Windows XP example:
1. Open the ‘Control Panel’.
2. Open ‘Network Connections’ and right click on the ‘Local Area Connection’ and select ‘Properties’.
3. Click on the ‘General’ tab.
4. Click on ‘Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)’ and click on properties.
5. Enter the IP address and the subnet mask (example as shown).
6. Click ‘OK’ then close the Control Panel.
If the radio is on a different subnet from the network the PC is on, set the PC default gateway address to
the network gateway address which is the address of the router used to connect the subnets (for details,
consult your network administrator).
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66 | Managing the Radio
To change the PC connection type:
If your PC has previously been used with Dial-up connections, you may need to change your PC Internet
Connection setting to ‘Never dial a connection’.
Windows Internet Explorer 8 example:
1. Open Internet Explorer.
2. Open the menu item Tools > Internet Options and click on the ‘Connections’ tab.
3. Click the ‘Never dial a connection’ option.
Aprisa SR User Manual
Managing the Radio | 67
To change the PC pop-up status:
Some functions within SuperVisor require Pop-ups enabled e.g. saving a MIB
Windows Internet Explorer 8 example:
1. Open Internet Explorer.
2. Open the menu item Tools > Internet Options and click on the ‘Privacy’ tab.
3. Click on ‘Pop-up Blocker Settings’.
4. Set the ‘Address of Web site to allow’ to the radio address or set the ‘Blocking Level’ to ‘Low: Allow
Pop-ups from secure sites’ and close the window.
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68 | Managing the Radio
To enable JavaScript in the web browser:
Some functions within SuperVisor require JavaScript in the web browser to be enabled.
Windows Internet Explorer 8 example:
1. Open Internet Explorer.
2. Open the menu item Tools > Internet Options and click on the ‘Security’ tab.
3. Click on ‘Local Intranet’.
4. Click on ‘Custom Level’.
5. Scroll down until you see section labeled ‘Scripting’.
6. Under ‘Active Scripting’, select ‘Enable’.
Aprisa SR User Manual
Managing the Radio | 69
Login to SuperVisor
The maximum number of concurrent users that can be logged into a radio is 6.
If SuperVisor is inactive for a period defined by the Inactivity Timeout option (see ‘Maintenance > General’
on page 134), the radio will automatically logout the user.
To login to SuperVisor:
1. Open your web browser and enter the IP address of the radio.
If you haven’t assigned an IP address to the radio, use the factory default IP address of 169.254.50.10 with
a subnet mask of 255.255.0.0.
If you don’t know the IP address of the radio, you can determine it using the Command Line Interface (see
‘Command Line Interface’ on page 213).
Note: The Aprisa SR has a Self Signed security certificate which may cause the browser to prompt a
certificate warning. It is safe to ignore the warning and continue. The valid certificate is ‘Issued By: 4RFAPRISA’ which can be viewed in the browser.
2. Login with the Username and Password assigned to you.
If unique usernames and passwords have not yet been configured, use the default username ‘admin’ and
password ‘admin’.
Important: After you login for the very first time, it is recommended that you change the default admin
password for security reasons (see ‘Changing Passwords’ on page 123).
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70 | Managing the Radio
If the login is successful, the opening page will be displayed.
Logout of SuperVisor
As the maximum number of concurrent users that can be logged into a radio is 6, not logging out correctly
can restrict access to the radio until after the timeout period (30 minutes).
Logging out from a radio will logout all users logged in with the same username.
If the SuperVisor window is closed without logging out, the radio will automatically log the user out after a
timeout period of 3 minutes.
To logout of SuperVisor:
Click on the ‘Logout’ button on the Summary Bar.
Aprisa SR User Manual
Managing the Radio | 71
SuperVisor Page Layout
Standard Radio
The following shows the components of the SuperVisor page layout for a standard radio:
SuperVisor Branding Bar
The branding bar at the top of the SuperVisor frame shows the branding of SuperVisor on the left and the
product branding on the right.
SuperVisor Alarm Bar
The alarm bar shows the name of the radio terminal that SuperVisor is logged into (the local radio) on the
left.
If the local radio is a base station, the page shows the name of the current remote / repeater station (the
remote radio) on the right. SuperVisor will manage all the repeater stations and remote stations in the
network.
If the local radio is a remote station or repeater station, the page shows the name of the remote /
repeater station on the left. The right side of the Alarm Bar will be blank. SuperVisor manages only the
remote / repeater station logged into.
The LED alarm indicators reflect the status of the front panel LEDs on the radio.
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72 | Managing the Radio
SuperVisor Summary Bar
The summary bar at the bottom of the page shows:
Position
Function
Left
Busy - SuperVisor is busy retrieving data from the radio that
SuperVisor is logged into.
Ready - SuperVisor is ready to manage the radio.
Middle
Displays the name of the radio terminal that SuperVisor is currently
managing.
Right
The access level logged into SuperVisor. This label also doubles as
the SuperVisor logout button.
Aprisa SR User Manual
Managing the Radio | 73
Protected Station
The following shows the components of the SuperVisor page layout for a protected station:
SuperVisor Branding Bar
The branding bar at the top of the SuperVisor frame shows the branding of SuperVisor on the left and the
product branding on the right.
SuperVisor Alarm Bar
The alarm bar shows the name of the radio terminal that SuperVisor is logged into (the local radio) on the
left.
If the local radio is a base station, the page shows the name of the current remote / repeater station (the
remote radio) on the right. SuperVisor will manage all the repeater stations and remote stations in the
network.
If the local radio is a remote station or repeater station, the page shows the name of the remote /
repeater station on the left. The right side of the Alarm Bar will be blank. SuperVisor manages only the
remote / repeater station logged into.
The LED alarm indicators reflect the status of the front panel LEDs on the primary and secondary radios.
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74 | Managing the Radio
SuperVisor Summary Bar
The summary bar at the bottom of the page shows:
Position
Function
Left
Busy - SuperVisor is busy retrieving data from the radio that
SuperVisor is logged into.
Ready - SuperVisor is ready to manage the radio.
Middle
Displays the name of the radio terminal that SuperVisor is currently
managing and the active radio.
Right
The access level logged into SuperVisor. This label also doubles as
the SuperVisor logout button.
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Managing the Radio | 75
SuperVisor Menu
The following is a list of SuperVisor top level menu items:
Local Terminal
Network
Network Table
Terminal
Summary
Radio
Exceptions
Serial
View
Ethernet
Networking
Security
Maintenance
Events
Software
SuperVisor Parameter Settings
Changes to parameters settings have no effect until the ‘Save’ button is clicked.
Click the ‘Save’ button to apply the changes or ‘Cancel’ button to restore the current value.
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76 | Managing the Radio
SuperVisor Menu Access
The SuperVisor menu has varying access levels dependant on the login User Privileges.
The following is a list of all possible SuperVisor menu items versus user privileges:
Terminal Settings Menu Items
Menu Item
View
Technician
Engineer
Admin
Terminal > Summary
Read-Only
Read-Only
Read-Only
Read-Only
Terminal > Details
Read-Only
Read-Only
Read-Only
Read-Only
Terminal > Device
No Access
Read-Write
Read-Write
Read-Write
Terminal > Operating Mode
No Access
Read-Write
Read-Write
Read-Write
Terminal > Parameters
Read-Only
Read-Only
Read-Only
Read-Only
Terminal > Primary Parameters
Read-Only
Read-Only
Read-Only
Read-Only
Terminal > Secondary Parameters
Read-Only
Read-Only
Read-Only
Read-Only
Terminal > TCP Connections
Read-Only
Read-Only
Read-Only
Read-Only
Radio > Radio Summary
Read-Only
Read-Only
Read-Only
Read-Only
Radio > Channel Summary
Read-Only
Read-Only
Read-Only
Read-Only
Radio > Radio Setup
No Access
Read-Write
Read-Write
Read-Write
Radio > Channel Setup
No Access
Read-Write
Read-Write
Read-Write
Serial > Summary
Read-Only
Read-Only
Read-Only
Read-Only
Serial > Port Setup
No Access
Read-Write
Read-Write
Read-Write
Ethernet > Summary
Read-Only
Read-Only
Read-Only
Read-Only
Ethernet > Port Setup
No Access
Read-Write
Read-Write
Read-Write
Ethernet > L2 Filtering
No Access
No Access
Read-Write
Read-Write
Networking > IP Summary
Read-Only
Read-Only
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Networking > IP Setup
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Networking > L3 Filtering
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Security > Summary
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Security > Users
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Security > Settings
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Security > SNMP
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Security > Manager
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Security > Distribution
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Maintenance > Summary
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Maintenance > General
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Maintenance > Test Mode
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Maintenance > Defaults
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Maintenance > Protection
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Maintenance > Licence
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Maintenance > Advanced
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Aprisa SR User Manual
Managing the Radio | 77
Events > Alarm Summary
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Events > Event History
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Events > Event Primary History
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Events > Event Secondary History
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Events > Events Setup
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Events > Traps Setup
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Events > Alarm I/O Setup
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Software > Summary
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Software > File Transfer
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Software > Manager
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Software > Setup
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Software > Remote Activation
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Menu Item
View
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Network Settings Menu Items
SuperVisor Menu Items
As SuperVisor screens are dependent on the Aprisa SR configuration deployed, the following section is split
into two sections:
Standard Radio
Protected Station
All SuperVisor menu item descriptions assume full access ‘Admin’ user privileges:
Aprisa SR User Manual
78 | Managing the Radio
Standard Radio
Terminal
Terminal > Summary
TERMINAL SUMMARY
This page displays the current settings for the Terminal parameters.
OPERATING SUMMARY
Operating Mode
This parameter displays the current Operating Mode i.e. if the radio is operating as a base station,
repeater station or remote station.
Interface Mode
This parameter displays the Interfaces available for traffic on the radio (see ‘Maintenance > Licence’ on
page 140).
Aprisa SR User Manual
Managing the Radio | 79
TX Frequency (MHz)
This parameter displays the current Transmit Frequency in MHz.
TX Power (dBm)
This parameter displays the current Transmit Power in dBm.
RX Frequency (MHz)
This parameter displays the current Receive Frequency in MHz.
Channel Width (kHz)
This parameter displays the current Channel Width in kHz.
Network ID
This parameter is the network ID of this base station node and its remote / repeater stations in the
network. The entry is four hex chars (not case sensitive).
Node Address
The Node Address of the base station is 0000.
If the Node Address shown is FFFE, this radio is a remote station or repeater station but has not been
registered with the base station.
The base station will automatically allocate a Node Address to all its registered repeater station and
remote station radios. This address can be between 000B to 01FE.
Network Radius
This parameter displays the maximum number of hops in this network.
Network Repeaters Proximity
This parameter displays the proximity of repeaters in the network.
Inband Management
This parameter displays the status of the Inband Management option.
Inband Management Timeout (sec)
This parameter displays the number of seconds that the base station waits for a response from a Remote
or repeater station before aborting the Inband Management request.
Aprisa SR User Manual
80 | Managing the Radio
Terminal > Details
MANUFACTURING DETAILS
Radio Serial Number
This parameter displays the Serial Number of the radio (shown on the enclosure label).
Sub-Assembly Serial Number
This parameter displays the Serial Number of the printed circuit board assembly (shown on the PCB label).
Aprisa SR User Manual
Managing the Radio | 81
Radio MAC Address
This parameter displays the MAC address of the radio.
Active Software Version
This parameter displays the version of the software currently operating the radio.
Previous Software Version
This parameter displays the software version that was running on the radio prior to the current software
being activated.
A new radio from the factory will display ‘None’ for the Previous SW Version.
Aprisa SR User Manual
82 | Managing the Radio
Terminal > Device
TERMINAL DETAILS
The data entry in the next four fields can be up to 40 characters but cannot contain invalid characters. A
popup warns of the invalid characters:
1. Enter the Terminal Name.
2. Enter the Location of the radio.
3. Enter a Contact Name. The default value is ‘support@4RF.com’.
4. Enter the Contact Details.
Aprisa SR User Manual
Managing the Radio | 83
RF NETWORK DETAILS
Network ID (network)
This parameter sets the network ID of this base station node and its remote / repeater stations in the
network. The entry is four hexadecimal chars (not case sensitive). The default setting is CAFE.
Network Radius
This parameter sets the maximum number of hops in this network e.g. if the Network Radius is set to 2, a
message from that node will only pass 2 hops before it is blocked. The default setting is 1.
All stations in the network should be set to the same value.
Network Repeaters Proximity
This parameter is set in base stations and repeater stations to indicate the proximity of repeaters in the
network. It has no affect if the Network Radius is set to 1.
The default setting is Separated Coverage.
Option
Function
No Repeater
Use when there are no repeaters in the network.
Single Repeater Only
Use when there is only one repeater in the network.
Overlapping Coverage
Use for multiple one hop repeaters where the remote station can
see more than one repeater or repeaters can see each other.
The communication protocol is slower because each repeater is
addressed individually and in-turn.
Separated Coverage
Use for multiple one hop repeaters where the remote station can
only see one repeater and the repeaters can’t see each other.
This option provides better network downlink performance than
the Overlapping Coverage option.
However, if the repeaters can see each other, the resultant
collisions will cause corruptions and dramatically reduce network
downlink performance.
Inband Management
This parameter sets the Inband Management option.
If the Inband Management option is enabled, SuperVisor operating on a base station can also manage all
the remote / repeater stations in the network.
Inband Management Timeout (sec)
This parameter sets the Inband Management timeout period. This determines the time the base station
waits for a response from a Remote or repeater station before aborting the Inband Management request.
The default setting is 10 seconds.
Aprisa SR User Manual
84 | Managing the Radio
TERMINAL DATE AND TIME
Set the Time Format, Time, Date Format and Date. This information is controlled from a software clock.
Date and Time Synchronization
This Date and Time Synchronization feature allows a radio to synchronize its date and time from an SNTP
server. It would predominantly be used on the base station but could be used on a remote station.
Using the SNTP feature will ensure that all radios in the network has the same date and time required for
accurate network diagnostics.
For high availability time/date synchronization, SNTP can be synchronized from two SNTP servers for
server backup.
The default setting is Disabled.
Option
Function
Disabled
No SNTP Date and Time Synchronization
SNTP
Date and Time will be synchronized to a SNTP server
The base station periodically sends a broadcast message to the remote stations to synchronize the radio
date and time.
Auto Synchronization Period (s)
This parameter sets the number of seconds between the end of the last synchronization and the next
synchronization attempt. The minimum period is 60 seconds. A period of 0 seconds will disable
synchronization attempts.
Time Server 1 Address
This parameter sets the IP address of the first priority SNTP server. If the synchronization is successful to
this server, Time Server 2 Address will not be used.
Time Server 2 Address
This parameter sets the IP address of the second priority SNTP server. If the synchronization fails using the
SNTP server on Time Server 1 Address, synchronization will be attempted to the SNTP server on this
address.
Synchronization Status
This field shows the status of the current synchronization or the result of the last synchronization.
Synchronize Now
This Synchronize Now button provides manual Synchronization.
Aprisa SR User Manual
Managing the Radio | 85
Terminal > Operating Mode
TERMINAL MODE
Operating Mode
The Operating Mode can be set to base station, repeater station or remote station. The default setting is
remote station.
TERMINAL PROTECTION
Protection Type
The Protection Type defines if a radio is a stand-alone radio or part of an Aprisa SR Protected Station. The
default setting is None.
Option
Function
None
The SR radio is stand alone radio (not part of an Aprisa SR
Protected Station).
Redundant
(Protected Station)
Set to make this SR radio part of an Aprisa SR Protected Station.
The RF ports and interface ports from two standard Aprisa SR
Radios are switched to the standby radio if there is a failure in the
active radio
Serial Data Driven Switching Set to make this SR radio part of an Aprisa SR Data Driven
Protected Station.
Provides radio and RS-232 serial port user interface protection for
Aprisa SR radios.
Aprisa SR User Manual
86 | Managing the Radio
Protection Unit
The Protection Unit defines if this radio is the primary radio or secondary radio in a Protected Station.
One radio in the Protected Station is set to Primary and the other radio to Secondary.
It is recommended that radio A (the left radio) be configured as the Primary and that radio B (the right
radio) be configured as the Secondary. The default setting is Primary.
This menu item is only applicable if this radio is to become part of an Aprisa SR Protected Station.
PROTECTION MANAGEMENT IP ADDRESS
Local IP Address
The Local IP Address shows the IP address of this radio.
Partner IP Address
The Partner IP Address parameter is used to set the partner IP address if this radio is to become part of a
Protected Station.
Aprisa SR User Manual
Managing the Radio | 87
Terminal > Parameters
The Parameters page is a dynamic page that will display the parameters associated with the active
alarms, set on ‘Events > Events Setup’ on page 146. The screenshot below shows a small amount of
monitored alarms as an example.
The following is a list of alarm events that are monitored:
Monitored Parameter
Unit
Event ID
Event Display Text
Current Temperature
Celsius
Temperature Threshold
Last RX Packet RSSI
dBm
RSSI Threshold
Last Sample RX CRC Error
Ratio
RX CRC Errors
Last Sample RF RX Data
Count
34
RF No Receive Data
Last Sample Eth1 RX Data
Count
10
Port 1 Eth No Receive Data
Customer Eth1 Data RX Errors
Ratio
11
Port 1 Eth Receive Errors
Customer Eth1 Data TX Errors
Ratio
12
Port 1 Eth Transmit Errors
Last Sample Eth2 RX Data
Count
35
Port 2 Eth No Receive Data
Customer Eth2 Data RX Errors
Ratio
36
Port 2 Eth Receive Errors
Customer Eth2 Data TX Errors
Ratio
37
Port 2 Eth Transmit Errors
Last Sample Serial1 RX Data
Count
13
Port1 Serial Data No RX Data
Customer Serial1 Data RX Errors
Ratio
14
Port1 Serial Data RX Errors
Customer USB Ser Data RX Errors
Ratio
14
Port1 Serial Data RX Errors
Last Sample USB Ser RX Data
Ratio
14
USB Port Serial Data No RX Data
Last TX Packet PA Current
mA
None
Last TX Packet AGC
mV
None
Last TX Packet Reverse Power
dB
None
Current RSSI
dBm
None
Aprisa SR User Manual
88 | Managing the Radio
If an associated alarm event occurs, the Parameters table will display the current value for that
parameter. The refresh time is 12 seconds.
Aprisa SR User Manual
Managing the Radio | 89
Terminal > TCP Connections
The TCP Connections page displays the list of active TCP connections on the radio.
TCP CONNECTIONS TABLE
The Next button will display the next page of 8 connections and the Prev button will display the previous
page of 8 connections.
If the Auto Refresh option is ticked, the TCP Connections table will refresh every 12 seconds.
Aprisa SR User Manual
90 | Managing the Radio
Radio
Radio > Radio Summary
This page displays the current settings for the Radio parameters.
See ‘Radio > Radio Setup’ for setting details.
Aprisa SR User Manual
Managing the Radio | 91
Radio > Channel Summary
This page displays the current settings for the Channel parameters.
See ‘Radio > Channel Setup’ for setting details.
Aprisa SR User Manual
92 | Managing the Radio
Radio > Radio Setup
Transmit frequency, transmit power and channel size would normally be defined by a local regulatory
body and licensed to a particular user. Refer to your site license details when setting these fields.
TRANSMITTER / RECEIVER
Important:
1. Changing the remote / repeater station frequencies will disable all management communication to the
remote / repeater stations but then by changing the base station to match the remote / repeater stations,
the radio links will be restored as will the management communication.
2. Enter the TX frequency and the RX frequency and then click ‘Save’. This is to prevent remote
management communication from being lost before both frequencies have been changed in the remote
stations.
TX and RX Frequencies.
The TX and RX frequencies entered must be within the frequency tuning range of the product frequency
band (see ‘Frequency Bands’ on page 232).
If the frequency entered is not resolvable to the synthesizer step size for the frequency band it is
rejected. For example; a 400 MHz radio has a synthesizer step size of 6.250 kHz.
The default setting is 330 MHz for a UHF radio and 136 MHz for VHF radio.
The TX and RX frequencies can be single frequency ½ duplex or dual frequency ½ duplex. Dual frequency
½ duplex is often used for reasons of:
Channel Planning
Network Efficiencies
Regulatory rules
Aprisa SR User Manual
Managing the Radio | 93
Single Frequency Operation
The TX and RX frequencies of the base station, repeater station and all the remote stations are on the
same frequency.
To change the TX and RX frequencies:
1. Change the TX and RX frequencies of the remote stations operating from the repeater station to the
new frequency. The radio links to these remote stations will fail.
2. Change the TX and RX frequencies of the repeater station operating from the base station to the new
frequency. The radio links to the repeater station and its remote stations will fail.
3. Change the TX and RX frequencies of the remote stations operating from the base station to the new
frequency. The radio links to these remote stations will fail.
4. Change the TX and RX frequencies of the base station to the new frequency. The radio links to all
stations will restore.
Aprisa SR User Manual
94 | Managing the Radio
Dual Frequency No Repeater
The TX frequency of all the remote stations matches the RX frequency of the base station.
The RX frequency of all the remote stations matches the TX frequency of the base station.
To change the TX and RX frequencies:
1. For all the remote stations, change the RX frequency to frequency A and the TX frequency to
frequency B. The radio links to the remote stations will fail.
2. For the base station, change the TX frequency to frequency A and the RX frequency to frequency B.
The radio links to the remote stations will restore.
Aprisa SR User Manual
Managing the Radio | 95
Dual Frequency with Repeater
The TX frequency of the remote stations associated with the base station matches the RX frequency of the
base station.
The TX frequency of the repeater station associated with the base station matches the RX frequency of
the base station.
The TX frequency of the remote stations associated with the repeater station matches the RX frequency of
the repeater station.
The RX frequency of the remote stations associated with the base station matches the TX frequency of the
base station.
The RX frequency of the repeater station associated with the base station matches the TX frequency of
the base station.
The RX frequency of the remote stations associated with the repeater station matches the TX frequency of
the repeater station.
To change the TX and RX frequencies:
1. For all the remote stations operating from the repeater station, change the RX frequency to frequency
A and the TX frequency to frequency B. The radio links to these remote stations will fail.
2. For the repeater station, change the TX frequency to frequency A and the RX frequency to frequency
B.
3. For the base station, change the RX frequency to frequency A and the TX frequency to frequency B.
The radio links to the remote stations operating from the repeater station will restore.
4. For all the remote stations operating from the base station, change the TX frequency to frequency A
and the RX frequency to frequency B.
Aprisa SR User Manual
96 | Managing the Radio
TX Power
The transmitter power is the power measured at the antenna output port when transmitting. The
transmitter power has a direct impact on the radio power consumption (see ‘Power Consumption’ on page
236) and ‘Save’ the change.
The default setting is +37 dBm.
Note: The Aprisa SR transmitter contains power amplifier protection which allows the antenna to be
disconnected from the antenna port without product damage.
Aprisa SR User Manual
Managing the Radio | 97
Radio > Channel Setup
CHANNEL SETTINGS
Access Scheme
This parameter sets the Media Access Control (MAC) used by the radio for over the air communication.
Option
Function
Access Request
Channel access scheme where the base stations controls the
communication on the channel. Remotes ask for access to the
channel, and the base station grants access if the channel is not
occupied. This mode is a general purpose access method for high
and low load networks.
Listen Before Send
without
Acknowledgement
Channel access scheme where network elements listen to ensure
the channel is clear, before trying to access the channel. This
mode is optimised for low load networks and repeated networks.
Acknowledgements are disabled.
Listen Before Send
with
Acknowledgement
Channel access scheme where network elements listen to ensure
the channel is clear, before trying to access the channel. This
mode is optimised for low load networks and repeated networks.
With Acknowledgement, unicast requests from the remote station
are acknowledged by the base station to ensure that the
transmission has been successful. If the remote station does not
receive an acknowledgement, then random back-offs are used to
reschedule the next transmission.
Enabling acknowledgments increases reliability of transport but
reduces available channel capacity so if application has the
capability to handle lost or duplicate messages, the Access Scheme
should be set to Listen Before Send without Acknowledgement.
The default setting is Access Request.
Aprisa SR User Manual

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