7signal ABG-EYE-APU2 Sapphire User Manual Loupe User Guide

7signal Sapphire Loupe User Guide

Contents

Browser Application Guide

7signal Ltd, Panuntie 6, FI-00620 HELSINKI, FINLAND, +358 40 777 7611, info@7signal.com, www.7signal.com 7signal Sapphire Loupe User Guide Release 3.0
Preface i 7signal Ltd, Panuntie 6, FI-00620 HELSINKI, FINLAND, +358 40 777 7611, info@7signal.com, www.7signal.com 7signal Sapphire Loupe User Guide Release 3.0 PREFACE Document scope This document is aimed for people familiarizing themselves with 7signal Sapphire measurements and the use of 7signal Sapphire Loupe. Case studies are included to introduce typical analysis paths of wlan network quality shortcomings. This document does not describe how the software operates or how to configure testing. The actual use of various 7signal Sapphire applications is explained in detail in 7signal Sapphire Carat User Guide. Software and hardware insallation is explained in 7signal Sapphire Deployment Guide. FCC Warning The radiated output power of the 7signal Sapphire Eye complies with the FCC RF exposure limits. To avoid the possibility of exceeding the FCC radio frequency exposure limits, a distance of at least 20 cm should be kept with the user and the device while operating. The FCC ID for 7signal Sapphire Eye is YLF-2010-08-APU2 for IEEE802.11a/b/g PENDING - PENDING - PENDING - PENDING - PENDING - PENDING The FCC ID for 7signal Sapphire Eye is YLF-EYE-ABGN-APU3 for IEEE802.11a/b/g/n NOTE TO THE USER Any uninstructed modification to the 7signal products may result in violation of FCC requirements. CONTACT INFORMATION Contact us at 7signal by mail: Panuntie 6, FI-00620 Helsinki, Finland by email: info@7signal.com by phone: +358 40 777 7611 (exchange) For handling of software defects, send email to: defect-report@7signal.com In case of other requests, send email to: support@7signal.com
Table of Contents ii 7signal Ltd, Panuntie 6, FI-00620 HELSINKI, FINLAND, +358 40 777 7611, info@7signal.com, www.7signal.com 7signal Sapphire Loupe User Guide Release 3.0 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Loupe.................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Loupe login ................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Loupe at a first-glance ................................................................................................ 1 2 Using Loupe .......................................................................................................................... 3 2.1 Channel aggregation and selection ............................................................................. 5 2.2 Saving the Charts........................................................................................................ 5 2.3 Advanced Chart Settings............................................................................................. 5 3 Tabs ...................................................................................................................................... 7 3.1 Tabs and analysis........................................................................................................ 7 3.2 Tab memory ............................................................................................................... 7 4 Summary .............................................................................................................................. 8 4.1 Elementary KPIs ......................................................................................................... 9 5 Service Level Agreement, SLA ..............................................................................................10 5.1 Three-basket principle ...............................................................................................10 5.2 SLA table active cells .................................................................................................11 6 TP/SNR ................................................................................................................................12 7 Network Performance Indicatros ........................................................................................13 8 Client Indicators ..................................................................................................................15 9 Codec Indicators ..................................................................................................................16 9.1 Codec and channel history ........................................................................................16 10 Spectrum ...........................................................................................................................17 10.1 Over period chart ....................................................................................................17 10.2 Time-axis chart ........................................................................................................17 11 Top ....................................................................................................................................18 12 Alarms ...............................................................................................................................19 13 Continuos And Automated Reporting................................................................................20 13.1 Subscription for a new report ..................................................................................20
Table of Contents iii 7signal Ltd, Panuntie 6, FI-00620 HELSINKI, FINLAND, +358 40 777 7611, info@7signal.com, www.7signal.com 7signal Sapphire Loupe User Guide Release 3.0 13.2 Adding Report Items................................................................................................21 13.3 Indicator Content Type ............................................................................................22 13.4 Service level content type, SLA ................................................................................23 13.5 Alarm Content Type ................................................................................................25 14 How To Troubleshoot Using Loupe ....................................................................................26 14.1 Typical pattern ........................................................................................................26 14.2 Troubleshooting: Use Cases .....................................................................................26 14.2.1 Accessibility Problem ....................................................................................26 14.3 Downlink Performance Problem ..............................................................................31 14.4 Downlink And Uplink Performance Problem ............................................................34 15 KPI Glossary .......................................................................................................................39
1 Loupe 1 7signal Ltd, Panuntie 6, FI-00620 HELSINKI, FINLAND, +358 40 777 7611, info@7signal.com, www.7signal.com 7signal Sapphire Loupe User Guide Release 3.0 1 LOUPE Sapphire Loupe is a browser application for viewing test results and saving the test results. Open Loupe in a browser. Type the Loupe server’s IP address into the Address field. Loupe uses the same user database as Sapphire Carat. An encrypted connection is used to transmit the username and password. 1.1 Loupe login Login and authentication is similar to the management GUI, 7signal Sapphire Carat. On top of typical username/password combination the user may have to select a group (access context) as well. This is primarily for multi-organization environments where one user account is able to manage numerous wlan networks otherwise separated by access rights. However, only one administrative domain is accessed at one particular session. To manage another wlan network or organization, the same user account has to do another login with another context. 1.2 Loupe at a first-glance After a successful authentication, a typical Loupe screen is opened. The network topology accessible to the current user is displayed on the left and on the right there is the Summary pane. There are no default charts available to keep the start-up both responsive and relevant. The Summary pane operations and options are explained below.
1 Loupe 2 7signal Ltd, Panuntie 6, FI-00620 HELSINKI, FINLAND, +358 40 777 7611, info@7signal.com, www.7signal.com 7signal Sapphire Loupe User Guide Release 3.0 A common central element between Loupe and Sapphire Carat is the hierarchical tree view in the left pane, depicting the topology of the networks being monitored. The main Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) are grouped in tabs as well as other relevant report information such as visual tests and events. The tabs are following: Summary SLA TP/SNR Network Client Data rates Spectrum TOP Alarm
2 Using Loupe 3 7signal Ltd, Panuntie 6, FI-00620 HELSINKI, FINLAND, +358 40 777 7611, info@7signal.com, www.7signal.com 7signal Sapphire Loupe User Guide Release 3.0 2 USING LOUPE Sapphire Carat gathers and aggregates into a database the results obtained from running the chosen test profiles. Loupe enables you to view the results and make comparisons between different devices, tests, and time spans. The charts displayed on startup give a simplified view to the status of the networks. Loupe offers many features for getting more detailed views. Building a Result View: 1. Decide which group of indicators you want to view, for example Network 2. From the list, select the indicators from which you want to generate charts 3. From the top bar, select the time span to include in the results a. you can choose a time span by typing in the times and dates. You can either type the date manually, or select it from a calendar. b. you can also use the preconfigured values under History. 4. Under Average, select the averaging period (The test results are based on samples, and you can use various averaging periods within the time span chosen in step 3. Changing the averaging period may cause changes in the test results, which is often exactly what is desired.) 5. From the Topology view, choose the level of aggregation a. aggregation is a set of qualifiers that limit the result set
2 Using Loupe 4 7signal Ltd, Panuntie 6, FI-00620 HELSINKI, FINLAND, +358 40 777 7611, info@7signal.com, www.7signal.com 7signal Sapphire Loupe User Guide Release 3.0 Note! The aggregation level can be chosen freely, but not all aggregation levels can be used with all KPIs. In other words, when choosing the level of aggregation, note the KPI being used. Loupe offers a default viewing level, but other viewing levels might be just as suitable. If you change the level, Loupe uses that level during the session. Area Description NW Network level AP Access point level APEye One single managed access point of a single monitoring station APEyeAnt One single managed access point of a single monitoring station in particular antenna direction Eye Single Eye EyeAnt An individual antenna in a chosen Eye Dest The Sonar to be tested DestAP The access point to be tested with relation to Sonars ChEye An individual channel in a chosen Eye ChEyeAnt An individual antenna and channel in a chosen Eye QoSAP Traffic belonging to a particular QoS level on a single access point Link Link consists of a chain Eye - Access Point – Sonar All Selects all elements Note! The more detailed the chosen aggregation is, the more input one must give in the topology tree. For example, ChEyeAnt aggregation requires input on the channel, antenna and monitoring station for the request to be valid. 6. Alternatively, you can select Destinations from the tree hierarchy, and then select a Sonar for which you want to display the results. 7. You can hide the KPI list by selecting Hide KPI 8. Click Generate to display the results. The results open up in the same view / panel. Note! Rendering the results may take a long time. Note! If you choose an extremely large number of KPIs, the application may run out of memory. Please use selections like “All KPIs” with caution.
2 Using Loupe 5 7signal Ltd, Panuntie 6, FI-00620 HELSINKI, FINLAND, +358 40 777 7611, info@7signal.com, www.7signal.com 7signal Sapphire Loupe User Guide Release 3.0 2.1 Channel aggregation and selection For the convenience of the user, the channels are separated by the IEEE 802.11 standards. The support is for IEEE 802.11b/g, IEEE 802.11a and IEEE 802.11n. The channel list is dynamic is based on the monitoring station country code setting. For example, one monitoring station located in Finland would show channel 13 while a monitoring station in the same organization but located in USA would not show that channel. 2.2 Saving the Charts You can save the charts either individually under each chart or all at once by choosing Export from the top right corner. You have two saving options: 1. CSV: a comma-separated text file, suitable for importing data into a spreadsheet program 2. PDF: A Portable Document Format file suitable for printing. Note! The options displayed in the browser might not look exactly the same in the PDF. Some changes are made to make the printed document easier to read. 2.3 Advanced Chart Settings You can view the details of the results by selecting Show raw chart and Show chart data next to the chart (raw = all data points and samples without averaging). You can modify the charts by choosing or editing the values above the chart listing: 1. Chart size a. Small, Normal, Large b. User-defined size
2 Using Loupe 6 7signal Ltd, Panuntie 6, FI-00620 HELSINKI, FINLAND, +358 40 777 7611, info@7signal.com, www.7signal.com 7signal Sapphire Loupe User Guide Release 3.0 2. Chart type a. Line, line with data points, scatter plot, bar chart 3. Display method of charts a. Single KPI chart – Each KPI displayed as a separate chart b. Single Area chart – All chosen KPIs in a single chart Note! A “single area chart” should only contain measurements that have the same unit of measurement, such as millisecond. 4. Moving average a. Period count – the number of previous values to include into the calculation of a moving average. F.ex. with value 3, the moving average at 8:00 is the average of the values in 6:00, 7:00, and 8:00, when area-aggregation is hour. b. Skip – the number of periods to skip from the start of the series. F.ex. for a day’s serie, to ignore the night-time-values from 0:00 to 7:00, set skip to 8
3 Tabs 7 7signal Ltd, Panuntie 6, FI-00620 HELSINKI, FINLAND, +358 40 777 7611, info@7signal.com, www.7signal.com 7signal Sapphire Loupe User Guide Release 3.0 3 TABS Below the time selectors there are numerous tabs. The tabs divide KPIs by category and to some extent follow the principle that the more abstract, derived or calculated high-level indicators are on the left and the detailed, accurate and raw-level indicators are on the right. As the amount of information is enormous and the displays may be limited, many of the elements in the user interface may be expanded / collapsed. 3.1 Tabs and analysis The typical analysis flow is expected to progress from left to right. The outcome and results on the left are more abstract, more compounded and more processed than on the right. On the other hand, the level of detail grows the more the tab is on the right. Please find the troubleshoot analysis at the end of this manual to see a few examples of typical analysis cases and how the user-interface supports those. 3.2 Tab memory The tabs remember the last successful query or other similar selection. There is variance per tab on the items that are saved between sessions but in general all the essential information for a proper query is kept. Also, expansions and collapses of the dynamic elements are saved.
4 Summary 8 7signal Ltd, Panuntie 6, FI-00620 HELSINKI, FINLAND, +358 40 777 7611, info@7signal.com, www.7signal.com 7signal Sapphire Loupe User Guide Release 3.0 4 SUMMARY SLA Compliance KPI To summarize the health of the network element, Loupe analyses multiple KPIs and based on that computes one single value that is called the ‘SLA Compliance KPI’. The network element may be either an access point or a link. There has to be a SLA group defined and bound to the network element. The measurement value averages all the KPIs in the SLA group. As such, this KPI does not provide any tools for analysis but it is rather to point out the need for analysis for the network elements that do not fulfill the quality expectations. In the picture below, there are threenetwork elements, AP-10, AP-15 and AP-35. Based on the chart one can assume that AP-15 is operating as expected with only one temporary quirk. On the other hand, AP-35 seems to be continuously doing below any expectation. Note that AP-35 might be completely out or it may serve wlan clients but the overall quality is next to nothing, the SLA compliance is non-existent. AP-10 has its moments but obviously it is underperforming. While all elements would benefit from some attention, it is obvious that AP-35 should have the priority. This is elementary to the SLA compliance KPI: one glimpse tells whether some element needs attention or not. The nature of the problem is available through investigating lower-level KPIs. The SLA group defines the threshold values for all individual KPIs. However, the resultant KPI threshold values may and should be set in Loupe. The value setting is stored between the sessions for each user. Export for the charts is available both for each chart individually and the global export on the top-menu buttons.
4 Summary 9 7signal Ltd, Panuntie 6, FI-00620 HELSINKI, FINLAND, +358 40 777 7611, info@7signal.com, www.7signal.com 7signal Sapphire Loupe User Guide Release 3.0 4.1 Elementary KPIs The Summary tab contains also pie charts on some elementary KPIs. By default, they are now visible but the pie charts are available by selecting the wlan network name. When expanded, Loupe displays a chart showing the general status of the monitored network from the last 7 days. The view contains the following KPIs: AP attach success rate o the ratio of successful network attachments to the number of attachments attempted IP retrieval success rate o the ratio of successful IP address retrievals to retrieval attempts AP beacon availability o heard beacon signal versus listening attempts Ping success rate o The ratio of successful reachability tests to the number of tests The green area in the pie chart indicates successful measurements, and the red area indicates failures. The number of measurements is displayed next to the chart.
5 Service Level Agreement, SLA 10 7signal Ltd, Panuntie 6, FI-00620 HELSINKI, FINLAND, +358 40 777 7611, info@7signal.com, www.7signal.com 7signal Sapphire Loupe User Guide Release 3.0 5 SERVICE LEVEL AGREEMENT, SLA The service level agreement (SLA) view contains KPIs that display network functionality and availability as traffic lights. The default limits are set by 7signal, and the values are based on real-life situations. You can modify the values to conform to the service level agreement currently being used. The values can be modified in the Sapphire Carat’s management interface. The SLA view contains by default the following KPIs: AP attach success rate IP retrieval success rate AP beacon availability Ping success rate FTP downlink throughput FTP uplink throughput MOS downlink MOS uplink Ping RTT FTP test success rate VoIP test success rate 5.1 Three-basket principle The color-coding indicates the SLA status, it may be either red, yellow or green. The wlan network may be operational and any test and any user-action may be successful yet the color in the SLA table is yellow or even red. This is because SLA view is highly derived data that is compared to expected level of the service.
5 Service Level Agreement, SLA 11 7signal Ltd, Panuntie 6, FI-00620 HELSINKI, FINLAND, +358 40 777 7611, info@7signal.com, www.7signal.com 7signal Sapphire Loupe User Guide Release 3.0 For example, one may get 100% VoIP calls through but the SLA shows red. The interpretation here is that while the wlan network provides the VoIP service continuously, the service level is not met, thus the alarming color-code. There are not necessarily imminent problems with the wlan network in case red or yellow color but further investigation is surely needed. And obviously it is possible that in case of the red color, the service may be completely down. 5.2 SLA table active cells To better understand the resulting color-code the cells in the table are active. By clicking a cell one gets immediate information on data that lead to the cell color. In case further analysis is needed, the link “Related KPIs” pop additional KPI charts up. The charts show a set of KPIs on time-interval that has shown on SLA table row expanded with one unit earlier and later. If the SLA table row is for an hour, the KPI chart includes the preceding and the following hour, too. The set of KPIs either directly affect the SLA result or would be the KPIs that should be checked in the next step of the analysis. The troubleshoot cases at the end of this manual elaborate on the flow of analysis.
6 TP/SNR 12 7signal Ltd, Panuntie 6, FI-00620 HELSINKI, FINLAND, +358 40 777 7611, info@7signal.com, www.7signal.com 7signal Sapphire Loupe User Guide Release 3.0 6 TP/SNR This view has a single chart, which displays the relationship between the measured throughput speed and the signal to noise ratio of a given access point. Measurements usually take into account only the theoretical maximum throughput speed. Since the measurements vary by network and hardware, the view instructs the user to modify the parameters. Modify the parameters directly in the view. The picture below is an example on how to interpret the TP /SNR chart. The maximum speed of an end-to-end connection is 2Mbps. The theoretical TP/SNR curve indicates the best data throughput speed for a given SNR value. A large variation in throughput rate when the SNR value is good indicates possible performance issues in a wired network or a severely loaded radio Variation in the SNR indicates variation in radio frequency interference.
7 Network Performance Indicatros 13 7signal Ltd, Panuntie 6, FI-00620 HELSINKI, FINLAND, +358 40 777 7611, info@7signal.com, www.7signal.com 7signal Sapphire Loupe User Guide Release 3.0 7 NETWORK PERFORMANCE INDICATROS The KPIs in the Network tab are divided into four groups: Accessibility, Availability, Quality, Volume and Active test failures. Apply time intervals – You can limit the time of day, from which the measurements are included. F.ex. set time interval to 7:00 - 18:00 to ignore the results from night time. Scale Y-axis – You can set the minimum and maximum values of the y-axis to be the same in all of the charts. Active controls in the tab pane Selections in other panes affect KPI lists and other elements in the tab pane. Aggregation selection in the Topology pane changes the aggregation-based KPI listing function.
7 Network Performance Indicatros 14 7signal Ltd, Panuntie 6, FI-00620 HELSINKI, FINLAND, +358 40 777 7611, info@7signal.com, www.7signal.com 7signal Sapphire Loupe User Guide Release 3.0 The Network tab contains the highest number of KPIs of all tabs. Therefore check-boxes are added to enable control of visibility. Both top-horizontal and vertical check-boxes control the same set of KPIs. Even when the horizontal selection limits the number of KPIs, the user benefits from the vertical control as well. “Expand all” is there to show all KPIs at once.
8 Client Indicators 15 7signal Ltd, Panuntie 6, FI-00620 HELSINKI, FINLAND, +358 40 777 7611, info@7signal.com, www.7signal.com 7signal Sapphire Loupe User Guide Release 3.0 8 CLIENT INDICATORS The Client tab contains charts that indicate network functionality and the network quality as experienced by the user. You can view the results by user (i.e. by client) by choosing the Client level from the Topology view.
9 Codec Indicators 16 7signal Ltd, Panuntie 6, FI-00620 HELSINKI, FINLAND, +358 40 777 7611, info@7signal.com, www.7signal.com 7signal Sapphire Loupe User Guide Release 3.0 9 CODEC INDICATORS This view displays the distribution of codecs used during the active tests. The codec used indicates the data transfer rate (Mbps). The use of small codecs is a sign of functionality problems in the network. In a properly functioning network, the maximum data transfer rate is used almost continuously. When the Active test measurement type is used, the picture displays the codecs of each access point selected in the Topology view. When the Monitor test measurement type is used, the picture displays the codecs for each client selected in the Topology view. You can view a summary or a chronological distribution of the codecs. In the summary, the codecs are aggregated as an average over the time span entered in the top bar. 9.1 Codec and channel history Loupe provides an alternative view on codecs i.e. bitrates used by access points. This view is not based on a single active test but events that affect bitrates and channels used by the managed access points are stored in the database and thus available to Loupe. The topology-tree provides the history by right-click pop-up menu on access point icons. The change history is the last item in the pop-up window. Alternatively the Info tab has the a link called “Show AP history” among other access point information. By following the link the change history is available.
10 Spectrum 17 7signal Ltd, Panuntie 6, FI-00620 HELSINKI, FINLAND, +358 40 777 7611, info@7signal.com, www.7signal.com 7signal Sapphire Loupe User Guide Release 3.0 10 SPECTRUM The spectrum analysis is an interactive troubleshooting tool in Sapphire, and is most useful when used in Carat. Loupe displays the spectrum analysis results from the chosen time span to assist you in continuous monitoring. In all of the spectrum charts, the swept frequency band lays on the x-axis. The band constitutes of the 256 WLAN subcarrier channels that are mapped to frequencies and WLAN channels, as described in below table: Subcarrier 36 51 66 81 96 111 126 141 156 171 186 201 216 Frequency 2.412 2.417 2.422 2.427 2.432 2.437 2.442 2.447 2.452 2.457 2.462 2.467 2.472 Channel 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 10.1 Over period chart Loupe displays the spectrum analysis results from the chosen time span to assist you in continuous monitoring. In the “over period chart”, Tthe signal level is plotted on the y- axis,. and each antenna is represented by an individual chart. The swept frequency band is on the x axis. If you select several Eyes, the results will be displayed individually for each Eye. To help to plot signal levels to the actual WLAN channels (1-13), you can activate the “Add arcs for channels”-checkbox. This selection adds parabolic lines to the chart to show the location of the selected channel numbers. 10.2 Time-axis chart Time-axis chart plots the measurement time to the y-axis. Each antenna is represented by an individual time-axis chart. If you select several Eyes, the results will be displayed individually for each Eye.
11 Top 18 7signal Ltd, Panuntie 6, FI-00620 HELSINKI, FINLAND, +358 40 777 7611, info@7signal.com, www.7signal.com 7signal Sapphire Loupe User Guide Release 3.0 11 TOP This view displays the extremes – the highest or lowest KPI values. The current value extremes of a KPI can be seen in this view even when they are far from the alarm limits. This enables you to react to worrying developments and trends before they cause actual problems.
12 Alarms 19 7signal Ltd, Panuntie 6, FI-00620 HELSINKI, FINLAND, +358 40 777 7611, info@7signal.com, www.7signal.com 7signal Sapphire Loupe User Guide Release 3.0 12 ALARMS This view lists the alarms activated by Sapphire. Alarms are handled in Sapphire Carat. Loupe simply offers an alternative view and reporting functionality.
13 Continuos And Automated Reporting 20 7signal Ltd, Panuntie 6, FI-00620 HELSINKI, FINLAND, +358 40 777 7611, info@7signal.com, www.7signal.com 7signal Sapphire Loupe User Guide Release 3.0 13 CONTINUOS AND AUTOMATED REPORTING Loupe is an interactive tool for studying network phenomena of interest and for in-depth investigation of problems. Reports in standard, easy-to-interpret formats are available to support routine monitoring. The reports take almost the same form as the indicator view of Loupe, and subscribing for a report is similar to using Loupe. Subscription must, however, be done via the Carat management interface. By using the report view in Carat, the user can configure reports from elements that are familiar from Loupe. In addition to the user-selected indicators, a report configured here contains the time of compilation and delivery and a list of the delivery addresses. At the specified time, Carat generates the report and delivers it to the recipients, specified as either e-mail addresses or directories in the Carat server file system. A report can include KPIs, service level views, and alarms, referred to below as report items. Note: Configuring the mail server settings found under “Edit | SMTP server” enables the use of email in reporting. 13.1 Subscription for a new report 1. Select “Manage | Automated report configuration” 2. Select “New” to create a new subscription and open a report template a. Use “Edit” for editing a subscription b. The “Delete” option allows you to delete a subscription c. When you select a report name, the description of this existing report is displayed In the “Report Properties Configuration” area: 3. Enter a name for the subscription 4. Enter a description for the subscription (optional) 5. Select an image from the Carat server file system (optional) 6. Choose the location for the image on the page The image will be repeated on each page of the report. It might represent, for example, a company or a target network.
13 Continuos And Automated Reporting 21 7signal Ltd, Panuntie 6, FI-00620 HELSINKI, FINLAND, +358 40 777 7611, info@7signal.com, www.7signal.com 7signal Sapphire Loupe User Guide Release 3.0 7. Select the resolution (quality) to be used for the report graphics, mainly relevant to charting. In the “Report items” area: 8. Configure the items to be included in the report by selecting “Add” a. this starts content-dependent workflows, instructions below 9. Specify the send time a. recurrence is weekly or monthly i. Field “When to send” is dynamic and let’s one choose either numerous week days or a day in month b. circadian time has 30 minutes resolution in a drop-down menu 10. “Generate preview” creates a report and opens it is a viewer tool 11. “Generate and send now” are available for subscriptions that have been saved. In the “Report destination settings” area: 12. Choose the delivery format (Media type) of the PDF report a. Email b. save to File system i. an absolute path gives the location in the Carat server file system ii. relative paths are relative to the Carat startup directory (default: /opt/7signal/Carat/7signal) 13. Add one or more formats in the “Destinations” field by clicking “New” 14. Save the subscription by clicking “Save” 13.2 Adding Report Items There are three report item types. A report item is an individual piece of information – a single KPI chart or SLA table or a set of alarms – that is part of the report. A report is a series of report items.
13 Continuos And Automated Reporting 22 7signal Ltd, Panuntie 6, FI-00620 HELSINKI, FINLAND, +358 40 777 7611, info@7signal.com, www.7signal.com 7signal Sapphire Loupe User Guide Release 3.0 To add a report item: 1. Choose the content type 2. Give a name to the report item a. a descriptive name is good especially if the item content groups together numerous pieces of information 3. Optionally write a description of the report item 4. Select “Next” 13.3 Indicator Content Type 1. Select the desired KPI by left-clicking it in the right-hand pane 2. Right-click and select “Add KPI” in the submenu 3. Repeat steps 2–3 until all desired KPIs are in the left pane 4. Select the Chart type 5. Select the method for displaying the measurement series in Chart content 6. Select the display method a. Data Table, Aggregation Chart 7. Click “Next” to continue to “Report item topology configuration”
13 Continuos And Automated Reporting 23 7signal Ltd, Panuntie 6, FI-00620 HELSINKI, FINLAND, +358 40 777 7611, info@7signal.com, www.7signal.com 7signal Sapphire Loupe User Guide Release 3.0 8. Select the method of aggregation in Area aggreation a. Note that maybe not all Loupe aggregations are available in the report 9. From the hierarchical tree presented, select the access points or networks to be included in the report by ticking the check-boxes 10. Click “Next” to continue to “Report item time configuration” 11. Select the time interval for the report a. History uses pre-defined intervals from the generation time backwards b. Calendar (in the picture above) allows free interval definition 12. Time aggregation defines the averaging period for the report item 13. Click “Finish” to return to first subscription page 13.4 Service level content type, SLA The pre-requisite is that there has to be SLA groups defined in the system. SLA report an SLA group to be bound to a topology element. KPI set and related threshold values are defined in
13 Continuos And Automated Reporting 24 7signal Ltd, Panuntie 6, FI-00620 HELSINKI, FINLAND, +358 40 777 7611, info@7signal.com, www.7signal.com 7signal Sapphire Loupe User Guide Release 3.0 SLA groups, in automated report only SLA group is combined with the elements that should fulfill the SLA defined in the SLA group The following sequence happens in “Report item topology configuration” pane. It open after choosing SLA type of report item in the previous dialog. 1. Choose the appropriate aggregation in the drop-down box. 2. 3. Select the elements in the topology tree 4. Select the SLA group to be applied. Available SLA groups are in a drop-down menu on the right of the topology element name. 5. Repeat steps 2-3 until all desired elements are bound to SLA groups. 6. Click “Next” to continue to “Report item time configuration” 7. Select the time interval for the report a. History (in the picture above)uses pre-defined intervals from the generation time backwards b. Calendar allows free interval definition 8. Time aggregation defines the averaging period for the report item 9. Click “Finish” to return to first subscription page
13 Continuos And Automated Reporting 25 7signal Ltd, Panuntie 6, FI-00620 HELSINKI, FINLAND, +358 40 777 7611, info@7signal.com, www.7signal.com 7signal Sapphire Loupe User Guide Release 3.0 13.5 Alarm Content Type 1. Select the desired alarm by left-clicking it in the right-hand pane 2. Right-click the alarm and select “Add alarm” in the submenu a. One may remind oneself about the alarm by selecting “Description” 3. Repeat steps 2–3 until all of the desired alarms are in the left pane 4. Select “Next” to continue to “Report item topology configuration” (pictured above) 5. Select the method of aggregation in Area aggregation a. Note that maybe not all Loupe aggregations are available in the report 6. From the hierarchical tree presented, select the access points or networks to be included in the report by ticking the check-boxes 7. Select “Next” to continue to “Report item time configuration” 8. Select the time interval for the report a. History uses pre-defined intervals from the generation time backwards b. Calendar allows free interval definition 9. Time aggregation defines the averaging period for the report item 10. Click “Finish” to return to first subscription page
14 How To Troubleshoot Using Loupe 26 7signal Ltd, Panuntie 6, FI-00620 HELSINKI, FINLAND, +358 40 777 7611, info@7signal.com, www.7signal.com 7signal Sapphire Loupe User Guide Release 3.0 14 HOW TO TROUBLESHOOT USING LOUPE 14.1 Typical pattern A typical troubleshooting workflow is as follows: 1. When logging in, you discover that there is an unusually large amount of failed wireless connection availability tests (AC001). 2. Go to the SLA tab and choose the access point or network where the problem has occurred. From the pull-down menu, choose the last 7 days as the time span and set the averaging period to 1 hour. These settings bring out the times of the failed tests in more detail. 3. Go to the Network tab, set the time span to cover the problematic times detected in step 2, and use 1-hour averaging. Select the KPIs. The problem with the wireless connection availability in this example is commonly caused by the following factors: a. Increased load in the wireless network i. TR003 (Client count per AP) b. Changes in the interference levels i. QURS002 (AP signal level at Eye) ii. QURS003 (AP signal to noise ratio at Eye) Additional factors can be: c. Authentication or DHCP problems in a wired network i. QURT004 (Ping RTT) 14.2 Troubleshooting: Use Cases 14.2.1 Accessibility Problem The "AP attach success rate" presents both radio attaching and authentication success rate.
14 How To Troubleshoot Using Loupe 27 7signal Ltd, Panuntie 6, FI-00620 HELSINKI, FINLAND, +358 40 777 7611, info@7signal.com, www.7signal.com 7signal Sapphire Loupe User Guide Release 3.0  Wireless or fixed network problem? Check also these KPIs: KPI ID Name Description AV001 AP beacon availability The beacon availability presents if AP has been active and achievable QURS002 AP signal level at Eye The measured AP signal level and SNR presents the radio environment variations QURS003 AP SNR at Eye The measured AP signal level and SNR presents the radio environment variations AV010 AP Channel information The AP channel KPI presents the possible radio channel changes of managed and neighbor APs QURS004 AP retransmission rate The AP retransmission rate presents the possible radio problems between AP and Clients TR003 Client count per AP The AP Client count presents radio load issues QURS001 Channel noise level at Eye and Spectrum-view The channel noise level together with Spectrum-view presents possible interference issues and locations AP beacon availability (AV001) The beacon availability presents if AP has been active and achievable  AP radio transmission has been active AP SNR at Eye (QURS003) The measured AP signal level and SNR indicate variations in the radio environment
14 How To Troubleshoot Using Loupe 28 7signal Ltd, Panuntie 6, FI-00620 HELSINKI, FINLAND, +358 40 777 7611, info@7signal.com, www.7signal.com 7signal Sapphire Loupe User Guide Release 3.0  The SNR declines dramatically during the night-time  Wireless problem; Location and source ? The signal levels of neighbor APs (QURS002) The measured AP signal level and SNR indicate variations in the radio environment Channel noise level / Antenna (QURS001) The channel noise level together with Spectrum-view indicates possible interference issues and locations.
14 How To Troubleshoot Using Loupe 29 7signal Ltd, Panuntie 6, FI-00620 HELSINKI, FINLAND, +358 40 777 7611, info@7signal.com, www.7signal.com 7signal Sapphire Loupe User Guide Release 3.0 Channel noise level / Antenna 6, channels 1-6 (QURS001) The channel noise level together with Spectrum-view indicates possible interference issues and locations. Spectrum-view / Antenna 6 (QURS001) The channel noise level together with Spectrum-view indicates possible interference issues and locations.
14 How To Troubleshoot Using Loupe 30 7signal Ltd, Panuntie 6, FI-00620 HELSINKI, FINLAND, +358 40 777 7611, info@7signal.com, www.7signal.com 7signal Sapphire Loupe User Guide Release 3.0 Case 1 summary The attach success rate declination is also visible in other test results. Attach times increase, the IP retrieval success rate declines, the FTP and VoIP test success rate declines etc. The strong SNR declination and noise level increase indicates wireless problems. The problem is caused by strong interference which is active during the night-times. The interference has a strong impact on Wi-Fi channels 1-6. The interference source is in Eye antenna direction 6.  The extensive, strong and continuous interference is caused by FM-modulation wireless observation system in 2.4GHz Wi-Fi band.
14 How To Troubleshoot Using Loupe 31 7signal Ltd, Panuntie 6, FI-00620 HELSINKI, FINLAND, +358 40 777 7611, info@7signal.com, www.7signal.com 7signal Sapphire Loupe User Guide Release 3.0 14.3 Downlink Performance Problem The network SLA table shows the performance situation of all the APs The table presents downlink performance problems during the working days.  Wireless or fixed network problem? Check also these KPIs: KPI ID / tab Name Description TP/SNR FTP DL throughput variation as a function of SNR The TP/SNR KPI presents if wireless and/or wired side conditions change repeatedly QUAP005 VoIP MOS downlink (listen) The VoIP MOS KPI presents detailed information about VoIP MOS variation in the network. With 2 or more Sonar setup the VoIP MOS performance can be observed in wireless and wired side. QUAP015 VoIP MOS packet loss The VoIP packet loss KPI presents the network packet loss situation QURT004 Ping RTT The round trip time presents the e2e connection delay variation QUAP001 FTP DL throughput The FTP DL throughput KPI presents detailed information about throughput variation in the network. With 2 or more Sonar setup the throughput problem can be limit to wireless / wired side. QUIP005 FTP DL packet size The radio packet size KPI presents the possible packet size variation in the radio interface QURS002 AP signal level at Eye The measured AP signal level and SNR presents the radio environment variations QURS003 AP SNR at Eye The measured AP signal level and SNR presents
14 How To Troubleshoot Using Loupe 32 7signal Ltd, Panuntie 6, FI-00620 HELSINKI, FINLAND, +358 40 777 7611, info@7signal.com, www.7signal.com 7signal Sapphire Loupe User Guide Release 3.0 the radio environment variations Client Client detailed statistics E.g. Client retransmission rate and client packet size presents also the end-user performance Data rates DL codec distribution The data rates codec distribution KPI presents the downlink codec usage in the active tests TR003 Client count per AP The AP Client count presents radio load issues FTP DL throughput / SNR (TP/SNR) The TP/SNR KPI can be used to determine if wireless and/or wired side conditions change repeatedly. DL codec distribution (Data rates) The data rates codec distribution KPI presents the downlink codec usage in the active tests FTP DL packet size (QUIP005) The radio packet size KPI presents the possible packet size variation in the radio interface.
14 How To Troubleshoot Using Loupe 33 7signal Ltd, Panuntie 6, FI-00620 HELSINKI, FINLAND, +358 40 777 7611, info@7signal.com, www.7signal.com 7signal Sapphire Loupe User Guide Release 3.0 Client count per AP (TR003) The AP Client count presents radio load issues Case 2 Summary The downlink performance declines during the working days:  FTP downlink throughput is at a very low level  VoIP MOS downlink is not in an acceptable level  Ping round trip time is occasionally very high (>200ms) The radio KPIs (data rate codecs, SNR, packet size, client count) demonstrate that the downlink performance problem is not in the wireless interface. The maximum e2e connection between Eye and Sonar end-point is only 1.8 Mbit/s.  The fixed interface load is too high during working days
14 How To Troubleshoot Using Loupe 34 7signal Ltd, Panuntie 6, FI-00620 HELSINKI, FINLAND, +358 40 777 7611, info@7signal.com, www.7signal.com 7signal Sapphire Loupe User Guide Release 3.0 14.4 Downlink And Uplink Performance Problem The network SLA table shows the performance situation of the 5 APs. The table presents downlink & uplink performance problems during the measurement period.  Wireless or fixed network problem? Check also these KPIs: KPI ID / tab Name Description TP/SNR FTP DL throughput variation as a function of SNR The TP/SNR KPI presents if wireless and/or wired side conditions change repeatedly. AV010 AP Channel information The AP channel KPI presents the possible radio channel changes of managed and neighbor APs. QURS001 Channel noise level at Eye and Spectrum-view The channel noise level together with Spectrum-view presents possible interference issues and locations QURS004 AP retransmission rate The AP retransmission rate presents the possible radio problems between AP and Clients
14 How To Troubleshoot Using Loupe 35 7signal Ltd, Panuntie 6, FI-00620 HELSINKI, FINLAND, +358 40 777 7611, info@7signal.com, www.7signal.com 7signal Sapphire Loupe User Guide Release 3.0 QUAP005 & QUAP006 VoIP MOS downlink (listen) & VoIP MOS uplink (talk) The VoIP MOS KPI presents detailed information about VoIP MOS variation in the network. With 2 or more Sonar setup the VoIP MOS performance can be observed in wireless and wired side. QUAP015 VoIP MOS packet loss The VoIP packet loss KPI presents the network packet loss situation. QUAP001 & QUAP002 FTP DL throughput & FTP UL throughput The FTP throughput KPI presents detailed information about throughput variation in the network. With 2 or more Sonar setup the throughput problem can be limit to wireless / wired side. QUIP005 & QUIP006 FTP DL packet size & FTP UL packet size The radio packet size KPI presents the possible packet size variation in the radio interface. QURS002 & QURS003 AP signal level at Eye & AP SNR at Eye The measured AP signal level and SNR presents the radio environment variations Client Client detailed statistics E.g. Client retransmission rate and client packet size presents also the end-user performance. Data rates DL & UL codec distribution The data rates codec distribution KPI presents the downlink codec usage in the active tests. TR003 Client count per AP The AP Client count presents radio load issues. FTP DL throughput / SNR (TP/SNR) The TP/SNR KPI can be used to determine if wireless and/or wired side conditions change repeatedly.
14 How To Troubleshoot Using Loupe 36 7signal Ltd, Panuntie 6, FI-00620 HELSINKI, FINLAND, +358 40 777 7611, info@7signal.com, www.7signal.com 7signal Sapphire Loupe User Guide Release 3.0 AP Channel information (AV010)
14 How To Troubleshoot Using Loupe 37 7signal Ltd, Panuntie 6, FI-00620 HELSINKI, FINLAND, +358 40 777 7611, info@7signal.com, www.7signal.com 7signal Sapphire Loupe User Guide Release 3.0 AP Channel information (AV010) QUIP005 - FTP DL packet size The FTP DL packet size is changing between 100 and1500 bytes. FTP UL packet size (QUIP006) The FTP DL packet size is changing between 80 and 1500 bytes.
14 How To Troubleshoot Using Loupe 38 7signal Ltd, Panuntie 6, FI-00620 HELSINKI, FINLAND, +358 40 777 7611, info@7signal.com, www.7signal.com 7signal Sapphire Loupe User Guide Release 3.0 Client detailed statistics (Client) E.g. Client retransmission rate and client packet size presents also the end-user performance. Summary The end-user downlink performance problems are caused by other Wi-Fi APs. All the APs are changing radio channel automatically, trying to avoid interference caused by using the same channels. The uplink performance problems are caused by high AP interference. The packet sizes and used data rate codecs vary a lot because of radio interference. The end-user retransmission rate is high and the data rate codecs vary considerably.
15 KPI Glossary 39 7signal Ltd, Panuntie 6, FI-00620 HELSINKI, FINLAND, +358 40 777 7611, info@7signal.com, www.7signal.com 7signal Sapphire Loupe User Guide Release 3.0 15 KPI GLOSSARY KPI ID Name Description Unit Availability AV001 Access point beacon availability Measures beacon signal transmission from each monitored AP. The KPI is the relative amount of received and expected beacons. % AV002 Internet connection availability Measures internet connection availability between a predefined server (Sonar) and an Eye. The Eye pings (32B) the target server three times. If all pings are successful, internet is available. Otherwise internet service is not available. % AV004 Number of available APs Number of APs that have sent a beacon in the selected area.Number of APs that have sent a beacon in the selected area. # AV010 Channel number average of selected element Channel number average of selected element # Accessability AC001 Radio resource accessibility Measures radio resource reservation success rate. During the test, Eye attempts to associate with the monitored AP. KPI is calculated as the number of successful associations divided by the number of all the association attempts. % AC002 IP address retrieval success rate Measures DHCP success rate. The KPI is calculated as the amount of successful IP address retrievals divided by all the requests by Eye. % AC004 Radio attach time Time between Eye starts radio attach to an AP, and attach complete. Time between Eye starts radio attach to an AP, and attach complete. Ms AC005 IP address retrieval time Time between Eye requests an IP address, and IP address retrieved. Ms RE001 FTP download success rate Measures FTP download completion rate. % RE002 FTP upload success rate Measures FTP upload completion rate. % RE011 VoIP download test success rate Measures VoIP (MOS) download completion rate. %
15 KPI Glossary 40 7signal Ltd, Panuntie 6, FI-00620 HELSINKI, FINLAND, +358 40 777 7611, info@7signal.com, www.7signal.com 7signal Sapphire Loupe User Guide Release 3.0 RE012 VoIP upload test success rate Measures VoIP (MOS) upload completion rate. % Quality QUAP001 FTP downlink throughput Measures downlink throughput in an FTP file transfer. Measures downlink throughput in an FTP file transfer. Mbit/s QUAP002 FTP uplink throughput Measures uplink throughput in an FTP file transfer. Measures uplink throughput in an FTP file transfer. Mbit/s QUAP005 Listening voice quality (MOS), downlink MOS (Mean Opinion Score) value of a VoIP downlink test. MOS QUAP006 Listening voice quality (MOS), uplink MOS (Mean Opinion Score) value of a VoIP uplink test. MOS QUAP007 HTTP downlink throughput Measures downlink throughput in an HTTP document transfer. The test measures both the time of the transfer and the size of the document, from which the throughput in Mbit/s is calculated.Measures downlink throughput in an HTTP document transfer. The test measures both the time of the transfer and the size of the document, from which the throughput in Mbit/s is calculated. Mbit/s QUAP011 FTP downlink throughput of E2E maximum Measured throughput divided by the theoretical maximum throughput that is a function of measured SNR. QUAP012 FTP uplink throughput of E2E maximum Measured throughput divided by the theoretical maximum throughput that is a function of measured SNR. % QUAP013 Jitter in VoIP test The variation of delay (jitter) during a VoIP test. ms QUAP015 Packet loss, VoIP test Packet loss during a VoIP test. % QUAP019 Average of used QoS categories in FTP The average of all the used QoS-categories during FTP transfer tests. QUAP022 Average of requested QoS category in VoIP The average of all the requested QoS-categories for VoIP test. QUAP025 Average of used QoS categories in VoIP The average of all the used QoS-categories during VoIP tests. QUAP028 Average of requested QoS category in HTTP The average of all the requested QoS-categories for HTTP transfer test. QUAP031 Average of used QoS categories in HTTP The average of all the used QoS-categories during HTTP transfer tests.
15 KPI Glossary 41 7signal Ltd, Panuntie 6, FI-00620 HELSINKI, FINLAND, +358 40 777 7611, info@7signal.com, www.7signal.com 7signal Sapphire Loupe User Guide Release 3.0 QUIP005 Packet size, FTP downlink Packet size distribution in FTP downlink transfer test. Packet size distribution in FTP downlink transfer test. byte(s) QUIP006 Packet size, FTP uplink Packet size distribution in FTP uplink transfer test. byte(s) QUIP013 Packet size, HTTP downlink Packet size distribution in FTP uplink transfer test. Packet size distribution in FTP uplink transfer test. byte(s) QURS001 Channel noise level at Eye RF noise level in dBm, measured by Eye. dBm QURS002 AP signal level at Eye Measures the AP transmitted power level of radio signal from the Eye point of view. Measures the AP transmitted power level of radio signal from the Eye point of view. dBm QURS003 AP signal to noise ratio (SNR) at Eye Measures the AP transmitted power level of radio signal relative to the power level of noise received by an Eye. Measures the AP transmitted power level of radio signal relative to the power level of noise received by an Eye. dB QURS004 AP retransmission rate Number of retransmitted frames divided by the number of all the frames sent to downlink by an AP. QURS026 Eye-AP signal level in FTP DL Signal power level between AP and Eye, during an FTP download test. Signal power level between AP and Eye, during an FTP download test. dBm QURS027 Eye-AP signal level in FTP UL Signal power level between AP and Eye, during an FTP upload tes.t Signal power level between AP and Eye, during an FTP upload tes.t dBm QURS028 Eye-AP SNR in FTP DL Signal to noise ratio between AP and Eye, during an FTP download test. Signal to noise ratio between AP and Eye, during an FTP download test. dB QURS029 Eye-AP SNR in FTP UL Signal to noise ratio between AP and Eye, during an FTP upload test. Signal to noise ratio between AP and Eye, during an FTP upload test. dB QURS030 Channel noise during FTP DL Measures the average channel noise on the channel where the FTP download test is done. Calculated as Signal level minus SNR. dBm
15 KPI Glossary 42 7signal Ltd, Panuntie 6, FI-00620 HELSINKI, FINLAND, +358 40 777 7611, info@7signal.com, www.7signal.com 7signal Sapphire Loupe User Guide Release 3.0 QURS031 Channel noise during FTP UL Measures the average channel noise on the channel where the FTP upload test is done. Calculated as Signal level minus SNR. dBm QURT004 32B active RTT Measures the round trip time between Eye and Sonar server. The test uses a serie of pings to ping server 20 times with zero wait time between the pings. The calculation is done internally in Eye and the output of the test is average, 95% percentile, max and min values of RTT. The objective is to measure the ping quality, not ping availability. ms QURT007 Ping success rate Number of successful pings divided by the total amount of ping attempts. % Volume TR001 AP uplink throughput Measures the amount of uplink data transmitted to an AP during a measurement period. During the test, an Eye listens traffic for 15 sec per each managed access point. Kbit/s TR002 AP downlink throughput Measures the amount of downlink data transmitted by an AP during a measurement period. During the test, an Eye listens traffic for 15 sec per each managed access point. Measures the amount of downlink data transmitted by an AP during a measurement period. During the test, an Eye listens traffic for 15 sec per each managed access point. Kbit/s TR003 Number of clients per AP Measures the number of concurrent clients using the specified AP during the test. This KPI is measured concurrently with the TRV001 AP uplink throughput. Measures the number of concurrent clients using the specified AP during the test. This KPI is measured concurrently with the TRV001 AP uplink throughput. TR015 AP packet size Measures the IEEE802.11 frame sizes during a monitoring per AP. byte
15 KPI Glossary 43 7signal Ltd, Panuntie 6, FI-00620 HELSINKI, FINLAND, +358 40 777 7611, info@7signal.com, www.7signal.com 7signal Sapphire Loupe User Guide Release 3.0 TR0018 Average QoS category in AP traffic monitor The average of all the used QoS-categories during AP traffic monitoring. Client QURS005 Client signal level at Eye Measures the signal power level of clients from the Eye point of view. Measures the signal power level of clients from the Eye point of view. dBm QURS006 Client signal to noise ratio (SNR) at Eye Measures the signal to noise ratio of clients from the Eye point of view. Measures the signal to noise ratio of clients from the Eye point of view. dB QURS007 Client retransmission rate Number of retransmitted frames divided by the number of all the frames sent to an AP uplink by a client. Number of retransmitted frames divided by the number of all the frames sent to an AP uplink by a client. % QURS008 Client-AP link balance Traffic balance between Client-transmitter (uplink) and AP-transmitter (downlink). If value is 100%, then all traffic has been uplink (from Client to AP). If value is 0%, then all traffic has been downlink. If value is null, then there has been no traffic in either direction. Traffic balance between Client-transmitter (uplink) and AP-transmitter (downlink). If value is 100%, then all traffic has been uplink (from Client to AP). If value is 0%, then all traffic has been downlink. If value is null, then there has been no traffic in either direction. % TRO12 Client uplink data Measures the amount of uplink data transmitted by a client. Kbit/s TRO13 Client-downlind data Measures the amount of downlink data transmitted to a client. Kbit/s TR014 Client packet size Measures the IEEE802.11 frame sizes during a monitoring per client. byte TR018 QoS category in AP traffic monitor The average of all the used QoS-categories during AP traffic monitoring. TR0019 Average QoS category in client traffic monitor The average of all the used QoS-categories during client monitoring.

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