ADC Telecommunications DAS9M-2-W LGCell GSM User Manual LGCell 4 0
ADC Telecommunications Inc. LGCell GSM LGCell 4 0
Contents
- 1. User manual pt1
- 2. User Manual pt2
User Manual pt2
PN 8100-40 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual 9-1
620004-0 Rev. B
SECTION 9 Installing the LGCell
This section contains the following:
• Section 9.1 Inspecting Shipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2
• Section 9.2 Installing the Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-3
• Section 9.2.5 Connecting Multiple LGCell Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-14
• Section 9.3 Installing the Expansion Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-17
• Section 9.4 Installing the Remote Access Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-25
CAUTION:Although modeled after an Ethernet/LAN architecture,
LGCell units are not intended to be connected to Ethernet data hubs,
routers, or other similar data equipment.
NOTE: Only LGC Wireless personnel and approved Certified Installation Service
Provider (CISP) personnel are authorized to install LGCell systems. Frequency bands
are licensed for use by wireless operators.
Installing the LGCell
9-2 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40
620004-0 Rev. B
9.1 Inspecting Shipment
Follow this procedure before installing LGCell equipment:
1. Verify the number of packages received against the packing list.
2. Check all packages for external damage; report any external damage to the ship-
ping carrier. If there is damage, a shipping carrier agent should be present before
unpacking and inspecting the contents because damage caused during transit is
the responsibility of the shipping agent.
3. Open and check each package against the packing slip. If any items are missing,
contact LGC Wireless customer service.
4. Do not remove items from antistatic packing until you are ready to install them. If
damage is discovered at the time of installation, contact the shipping agent.
PN 8100-40 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 9-3
620004-0 Rev. B
Installing the Main Hub
9.2 Installing the Main Hub
9.2.1 Main Hub Installation Checklist
Installation Requirement Consideration
Floor Plans Installation location of equipment clearly marked
Main Hub Same frequency and protocol as Expansion Hub(s)
AC power available Power cord is 2 m (6.5 ft) long
• 117V AC, 0.3 amp @ 60 Hz
• 230V AC, 0.15 amp @ 50 Hz
Rack space available 4.4 cm (1.75 in.) high
Clearance for air circulation 7.6 cm (3 in.) front and rear
Suitable operating environment 0° to 45°C (32° to 113°F)
5% to 95% non-condensing humidity
Donor Antenna-to-LGCell Configuration
Donor Antenna Installed, inspected; N-male to N-male coaxial cable to lightning arrestor/surge sup-
pressor
Lightning Arrestor or
Surge Suppressor
Installed between roof-top antenna and repeater; N-male to N-male coaxial cable
Repeater Installed between lightning arrestor/surge suppressor and Main Hub; N-male to
N-male coaxial cable
Base Station-to-LGCell Configuration
Microcellular Base Station Verify RF power (see tables in Section 7.1); N-male to N-male coaxial cable;
installed, inspected
Attenuation may be required to achieve the desired RF output per carrier at the RAU
Cascading multiple Main Hubs
Power combiner/divider N-male to N-male coaxial cables; power combiner/divider to Main Hub and base
station or repeater
Cabling
Coax (Simplex) Coax approved; N-type male unidirectional connectors; repeater or base station to
Main Hub
Coax (Duplex) Coax approved; N-type male, bidirectional connectors; repeater or base station to
Main Hub
MMF 62.5µm/125µm; ST optical connectors, male; up to 1 km (3300 ft); Main Hub to
Expansion Hubs
Continued on next page
Installing the LGCell
9-4 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40
620004-0 Rev. B
9.2.2 Tools and Materials Required to Install Main Hub
The tools and materials required to install the Main Hub are listed in the following
table.
Distances
Main Hub is within 3–6m
(10–20 ft) of connecting
repeater
If longer distance, determine the loss of the cable used for this connection and adjust
the RF signal into the Main Hub accordingly. This can be done by readjusting the
power from the base station, or by changing the attenuation value between the base
station/repeater and the Main Hub.
Main Hub is within 3–6m
(10–20 ft) of connecting base
station
Main Hub is within 1 km (3300 ft) of Expansion Hub(s); 3 dB optical link budget
Miscellaneous
Cable manager Rack space immediately above or below the Main Hub; 8.9 cm (3.5 in.) high
Description
Philips screwdriver
Mounting screws and spring nuts
Power cord
Fiber cleaning supplies (optical grade alcohol and lint-free wipes)
Compressed air (optical grade)
Installation Requirement Consideration
PN 8100-40 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 9-5
620004-0 Rev. B
Installing the Main Hub
9.2.3 Main Hub Installation Procedures
Procedures in this section:
• Installing the Main Hub in a Rack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-5
• Connecting Power and Powering Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-6
• Installing an Optional Cable Manager in a Rack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-6
• Connecting the MMF cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-7
• Check the Main Hub Functionality LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-8
• Check the Main Hub MMF Port LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-8
• Connecting a Main Hub to a Roof-top Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-9
Installing the Main Hub in a Rack
The Main Hub (1U high) mounts in a standard 19 in. (48.3 cm) equipment rack.
Allow front and rear clearance of 7.6 cm (3 in.) for air circulation.
The Main Hub is shipped with #10-32 mounting screws. Another common rack
thread is #12-24. Confirm that the mounting screws match the racks threads.
1. Insert spring nuts into rack where needed or use existing threaded holes.
2. Place the Main Hub into the rack from the front.
3. Align the flange holes with the spring nuts installed in Step 1.
4. Insert the mounting screws in the appropriate positions in the rack.
5. Tighten the mounting screws.
Installing the LGCell
9-6 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40
620004-0 Rev. B
Connecting Power and Powering Up
After mounting the Main Hub in the rack, connect AC power. You may use multiple
outlet surge protectors for multiple Main Hubs.
1. Connect the AC power cord to the Main Hub (labeled 1 on the following figure).
2. Plug the power cord into an outlet providing AC power.
3. Flip the Main Hub’s power switch from position 0 to position 1 (labeled 2 on the
figure above.)
The front panel unit functionality LEDs, POWER and SYNC, should be green (lit).
Installing an Optional Cable Manager in a Rack
• Fasten the cable manager to the rack, immediately above or below the Main Hub,
using screws.
AC POWER
LGCell
TM
Main Hub
SYNC
POWER
LINK
SYNC
STATUS DOWN UP
1
LINK
SYNC
STATUS DOWN UP
2
LINK
SYNC
STATUS DOWN UP
3
LINK
SYNC
STATUS DOWN UP
4
TO EXPANSION HUB PORTS
PN 8100-40 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 9-7
620004-0 Rev. B
Installing the Main Hub
Connecting the MMF cables
Before connecting the MMF cables, confirm that the optical loss does not exceed
3 dB optical.
If fiber distribution panels are used, confirm that the total optical loss of fiber cable,
from the Main Hub through distribution panels and patch cords to the Expansion
Hub, does not exceed 3 dB optical.
Connect all MMF cables (two per port) to the MMF ST female optical connectors
(labeled DOWN and UP) on the Main Hub front panel. Use any available Main Hub
port.
To clean the fiber ports:
Use compressed air to blow dust out of each fiber port before you insert the ST opti-
cal connector. Note that compressed air should not leave any residue as this will con-
taminate the fiber port.
To clean the fiber connectors:
Be sure that the MMF cable ST optical connectors are clean and free of dust or oils. If
the fiber connector front face is not free of dust or oils, follow the manufacturer’s rec-
ommendations for cleaning it.
To connect the MMF cables:
The MMF cable is labeled with either 1 or 2, or is color-coded. This differentiates the
connectors for proper connection between the Main Hub and Expansion Hubs.
If the fiber jumper is labeled with 1 or 2:
1. Connect 1 to UP on Main Hub.
2. Connect 2 to DOWN on Main Hub.
3. Record which cable number you connected to UP and DOWN.
This information is needed when connecting the other end of the MMF cable to
the Expansion Hub ports.
If the fiber jumper is color-coded (for example, “blue” or “red”):
1. Connect “blue” to UP on Main Hub.
2. Connect “red” to DOWN on Main Hub.
3. Record which cable color you connected to UP and DOWN.
This information is needed when connecting the other end of the MMF cable to
the Expansion Hub ports.
Installing the LGCell
9-8 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40
620004-0 Rev. B
Check the Main Hub Functionality LEDs
The unit functionality LEDs (POWER and SYNC) should be green. If not, cycle the
power to reset the Main Hub.
Check the Main Hub MMF Port LEDs
The MMF port LEDs (LINK STATUS and SYNC) should be red. This indicates that the
other end of the MMF cable is not yet connected to the Expansion Hub ports.
NOTE: Refer to Section 10 for troubleshooting LEDs.
NOTE: You do not have to use all of the MMF ports on the Main Hub. Unused ports
do not need to be terminated. Free ports can be used for future growth and to manage
changes in the in-building system.
PN 8100-40 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 9-9
620004-0 Rev. B
Installing the Main Hub
9.2.4 Interfacing LGCell to Base Stations
WARNING: Exceeding the maximum input power could cause failure
of the Main Hub (refer to Section 7.1 on page 7-3 for maximum power
ratings). Attenuators may be required to limit the maximum composite
power into the Main Hub.
Connecting a Main Hub to a Roof-top Antenna
LGC Wireless recommends that you use a lightning arrestor or surge protector in a
roof-top antenna configuration. Insert the lightning arrestor or surge protector
between the roof-top antenna and the repeater that is connected to the Main Hub.
1. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the roof-top antenna.
2. Connect the other end of the N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the grounded
surge suppressor.
3. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the grounded surge suppressor.
4. Connect the other end of the N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the repeater.
5. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the repeater.
6. Connect the other end of the N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the circulator
1connector.
7. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the circulator 2connector.
8. Connect the other end of the N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the FORWARD
simplex connector on the Main Hub.
Attenuation may be required to achieve the desired RF output at the RAU.
9. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the circulator 3connector.
10. Connect the other end of the N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the REVERSE sim-
plex connector on the Main Hub.
REVERSE FORWARD DUPLEX
DIAGNOSTIC 2 DIAGNOSTIC 1
Roof-top
Antenna
Grounded
Surge Suppressor Repeater
N-male to N-male
Coaxial Cables
N-male to N-male
Coaxial Cable
N-male to N-male
Coaxial Cable Circulator Attenuator
Installing the LGCell
9-10 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40
620004-0 Rev. B
Connecting a Main Hub to an In-Building Base Station
Connecting a Simplex Base Station to a Main Hub:
1. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the transmit simplex connector on
the base station.
2. Connect the other end of the N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the FORWARD
simplex connector on the Main Hub.
3. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the receive simplex connector on
the base station.
4. Connect the other end of the N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the REVERSE sim-
plex connector on the Main Hub.
Figure 9-1 Simplex Base Station to LGCell Main Hub
REVERSE FORWARD DUPLEX
DIAGNOSTIC 2 DIAGNOSTIC 1
Microcellular
N-male to N-male
Coaxial Cable
Base Station
Simplex T1/E1 to
Mobile
Switching
Center
Insert attenuator, if needed
PN 8100-40 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 9-11
620004-0 Rev. B
Installing the Main Hub
Connecting a Duplex Base Station to a Main Hub:
When connecting to a duplex base station, it is recommended that you use a circulator
and connect to the simplex ports on the Main Hub.
You can insert attenuators between the base station and circulator, and between the
circulator and Main Hub as needed; refer to Section 7.5.1 on page 7-45 for more
information.
1. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the duplex connector on the base
station.
2. Connect the other N-male connector to a circulator.
3. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the FORWARD simplex connector
on the Main Hub.
4. Connect the other end of the N-male coaxial cable to the transmit connector on the
circulator.
5. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the REVERSE simplex connector on
the Main Hub.
6. Connect the other end of the N-male coaxial cable to the receive connector on the
circulator.
Figure 9-2 Duplex Base Station to LGCell Main Hub
REVERSE FORWARD DUPLEX
DIAGNOSTIC 2 DIAGNOSTIC 1
Microcellular
N-male to N-male
Coaxial Cable
Base Station
Duplex T1/E1 to
Mobile
Switching
Center
Insert attenuator, if needed N-male to N-male
Coaxial Cable
Circulator
Installing the LGCell
9-12 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40
620004-0 Rev. B
Using the Duplex Port to Increase Gain on the Uplink
Because some types of LGCells have duplex ports with gains of 0, 30, or 40 dB,
depending on the frequency and protocol, you can use the simplex forward port for
the downlink signals and the duplex port for the uplink signals when gain on the
uplink is desired. Duplex port gain is shown in the table in Figure 9-3.
Connecting a Duplex Base Station to the LGCell Duplex/Simplex Ports:
1. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the duplex connector on the base
station.
2. Connect the other N-male connector to a circulator.
3. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the FORWARD simplex connector
on the Main Hub.
4. Connect the other end of the N-male coaxial cable to the transmit connector on the
circulator.
5. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the DUPLEX connector on the Main
Hub.
6. Connect the other end of the N-male coaxial cable to the receive connector on the
circulator.
Figure 9-3 Duplex Base Station to LGCell Main Hub
REVERSE FORWARD DUPLEX
DIAGNOSTIC 2 DIAGNOSTIC 1
Microcellular
N-male to N-male
Coaxial Cable
Base Station
Duplex T1/E1 to
Mobile
Switching
Center
Insert attenuator, if needed N-male to N-male
Coaxial Cable
LGCell
Frequency/Format Duplex Port
Gain (dB) Simplex Port
Gain (dB)
800 MHz AMPS, TDMA 30 0
800 MHz CDMA 30 0
800 MHz iDEN 0 0
900 MHz GSM / EGSM 0 0
1800 MHz DCS/GSM 0 0
1900 MHz TDMA 40 0
1900 MHz CDMA 40 0
1900 MHz GSM 40 0
Circulator
PN 8100-40 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 9-13
620004-0 Rev. B
Installing the Main Hub
Connecting a Simplex Base Station to the LGCell Duplex/Simplex Ports:
1. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the transmit connector on the base
station.
2. Connect the other end of the N-male coaxial cable to the FORWARD simplex con-
nector on the Main Hub.
3. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the receive connector on the base
station.
4. Connect the other end of the N-male coaxial cable to the DUPLEX connector on the
Main Hub.
Figure 9-4 Duplex Base Station to LGCell Main Hub
REVERSE FORWARD DUPLEX
DIAGNOSTIC 2 DIAGNOSTIC 1
Microcellular
N-male to N-male
Coaxial Cable
Base Station
Simplex T1/E1 to
Mobile
Switching
Center
Insert attenuator, if needed
LGCell
Frequency/Format Duplex Port
Gain (dB) Simplex Port
Gain (dB)
800 MHz AMPS, TDMA 30 0
800 MHz CDMA 30 0
800 MHz iDEN 0 0
900 MHz GSM / EGSM 0 0
1800 MHz DCS/GSM 0 0
1900 MHz TDMA 40 0
1900 MHz CDMA 40 0
1900 MHz GSM 40 0
Installing the LGCell
9-14 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40
620004-0 Rev. B
9.2.5 Connecting Multiple LGCell Systems
You can use power combiners/dividers as dividers to connect multiple LGCells in
order to increase the total number of RAUs in a system. You can use power combin-
ers/dividers to combine base station channels in order to increase the number of RF
carriers the system transports.
9.2.5.1 Connecting Two LGCells
Connecting two LGCells increases the total number of supportable RAUs from 16 to
32. Two Main Hubs support up to eight Expansion Hubs which in turn support up to
32 RAUs.
The following equipment is required:
• A 2x1 or 2x2 hybrid power combiner/divider
• 3 N-male to N-male coaxial jumper cables
Figure 9-5 Connecting Two LGCell Main Hubs using their Duplex Ports
REVERSE FORWARD DUPLEX
DIAGNOSTIC 2 DIAGNOSTIC 1
REVERSE FORWARD DUPLEX
DIAGNOSTIC 2 DIAGNOSTIC 1
2 x 1 Power
Combiner/Splitter
N-male to N-male
Coaxial Jumper Cable
N-male to N-male
Coaxial Jumper Cables
to Repeater or
Base Station
PN 8100-40 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 9-15
620004-0 Rev. B
Installing the Main Hub
Connecting Two LGCells
1. Connect the DUPLEX, FORWARD, or REVERSE connector of one of the Main Hubs
to an input/output port on the power combiner/divider using an N-male to N-male
coaxial cable jumper.
2. Connect the DUPLEX, FORWARD, or REVERSE connector of the second Main Hub
to the second input/output port on the power combiner/divider using an N-male to
N-male coaxial cable jumper.
3. Connect the combined port of the power combiner/divider to an base station or a
repeater using an N-male to N-male coaxial cable jumper.
4. Check the Main Hub LEDs.
After connecting the LGCells, check all Main Hub LEDs to ensure that the system
is operating properly.
9.2.5.2 Connecting More Than Two LGCells
Repeat this procedure to connect any number of LGCell systems. For three systems,
use a 3x1 power combiner/divider, and so on.
NOTE: When you are connecting multiple LGCells to the FORWARD and REVERSE
simplex ports, you will have to use a power combiner/divider for each direction. Ter-
minate each unused power combiner/divider port with a 50 ohm terminator.
Installing the LGCell
9-16 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40
620004-0 Rev. B
9.2.6 Installing Main Hubs in a Neutral Host System
Installing Main Hubs in a neutral host system is the same as described in
Section 9.2.3 on page 9-5.
We recommend mounting all neutral host system Main Hubs in the same rack(s),
grouped by frequency or carrier. For example, group the Main Hubs for the iDEN
carrier(s) together, then the 800 MHz cellular carrier(s), and so on.
Connecting to base stations and repeaters is the same as described in Section 9.2.4 on
page 9-9 and Section 9.2.5 on page 9-14.
PN 8100-40 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 9-17
620004-0 Rev. B
Installing the Expansion Hub
9.3 Installing the Expansion Hub
9.3.1 Expansion Hub Installation Checklist
9.3.2 Tools and Materials Required to Install Expansion Hub
The tools and materials required to install the Expansion Hub are listed in the follow-
ing table.
Installation Requirement Consideration
Floor Plans Installation location of equipment clearly marked
Expansion Hub Same frequency and protocol as Main Hub
AC power available Power cord is 2 m (6.5 ft) long
• 117V AC, 0.70 amp @ 60 Hz
• 230V AC, 0.35 amp @ 50 Hz
Rack space or wall mount location
available
4.4 cm (1.75 in.) high, 1U;
Clearance: 3 in. front and rear
Suitable operating environment 0° to 45°C (32° to 113°F)
5% to 95% non-condensing humidity
Cabling
Cat-5 UTP/STP TIA/EIA 568-A approved; RJ-45 male connectors; Expansion Hub to RAUs
• Absolute Minimum: 10 meters (33 ft)
• Recommended Minimum: 20 meters (66 ft)
• Maximum: 50 meters (165 ft)
MMF 62.5µm/125µm; ST optical connectors, male; up to 1 km (3300 ft); Expansion
Hub to Main Hub
Distances
Expansion Hub is within 1 km (3300 ft) of Main Hub (see Table 7-25 on page 7-29 if different MMF length)
Expansion Hub is within 10 m to 50 m (33 ft to 165 ft) of RAUs (see Table 7-25 on page 7-30 if different length)
Description
Philips screwdriver
Mounting screws and spring nuts
Power cord
Optional L brackets: Used to mount Expansion Hub to wall. (PN 4310 – single, PN 4311 – double)
6 anchors and 6 screws, or other suitable hardware (not provided): Used to attach L brackets to wall (3 for each bracket).
Fiber cleaning supplies (optical grade alcohol and lint-free wipes)
Compressed air (optical grade)
Installing the LGCell
9-18 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40
620004-0 Rev. B
9.3.3 Expansion Hub Installation Procedures
Procedures in this section:
• Installing the Expansion Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-18
• Connecting Power and Powering Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-20
• Connect the MMF cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-21
• Check the Expansion Hub Unit Functionality LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-22
• Check the Expansion Hub MMF Port LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-22
• Connect UTP/STP cables from the RAUs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-23
Installing the Expansion Hub
The Expansion Hub (1U high) can mount in a standard 19 in. (48.3 cm) equipment
rack or attach to a wall.
The Expansion Hub is shipped with #10-32 mounting screws. Another common rack
thread is #12-24. Confirm that the mounting screws match the rack’s threads.
Installing the Expansion Hub in a rack:
1. Insert spring nuts into the rack where needed or use existing threaded holes.
2. Place the Expansion Hub into the rack from the front.
3. Align the flange holes with the spring nuts installed in Step 1.
4. Insert the mounting screws in the appropriate positions in the rack.
5. Tighten the mounting screws.
Mounting the Expansion Hub to a wall:
1. Attach the L brackets to the Expansion Hub.
Using the screws that came with the Expansion Hub, attach the L brackets to the
Expansion Hub’s rack-mounting holes.
2. Hold the Expansion Hub to the wall in the position where it will be mounted and
mark the pre-punched L bracket holes onto the wall for drilling.
Attach bracket
Attach bracket
to wall
to Expansion Hub
PN 8100-40 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 9-19
620004-0 Rev. B
Installing the Expansion Hub
Refer to the following figure for wall mounting options.
3. Drill the screw holes in the wall and insert the anchors.
4. Attach the Expansion Hub to the wall with the screws.
CAUTION:Mounting the Expansion Hub facing up exposes the connectors to fall-
ing dust and debris. Mounting it facing down exposes the fan to falling dust and
debris.
Installing the LGCell
9-20 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40
620004-0 Rev. B
Connecting Power and Powering Up
After mounting the Expansion Hub, connect the AC power.
1. Connect the AC power cord to the Expansion Hub (labeled 1 on the following fig-
ure).
2. Plug the power cord into an outlet providing AC power.
3. Flip the Expansion Hub’s power switch from position 0 to position 1 (labeled 2 on
the figure.)
The front panel POWER LED should be green (lit) and the unit SYNC LED should
be off.
AC POWER
LGCell
TM
Expansion Hub
SYNC
POWER
SYNC
LINK
STATUS
ANTENNA PORTS
DOWN UP
MAIN HUB PORT
PN 8100-40 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 9-21
620004-0 Rev. B
Installing the Expansion Hub
Connect the MMF cables
Before connecting the MMF cables, confirm that the optical loss does not exceed
3 dB optical.
If fiber distribution panels are used, confirm that the total optical loss of fiber cable,
from the Main Hub through distribution panels and patch cords to the Expansion
Hub, does not exceed 3 dB optical.
Connect all MMF cables from the Main Hub to the Expansion Hub(s).
To clean the fiber ports:
Use compressed air to blow dust out of each fiber port before you insert the ST opti-
cal connector. Note that compressed air should not leave any residue as this will con-
taminate the fiber port.
To clean the fiber connectors:
Be sure that the MMF cable ST optical connectors are clean and free of dust or oils. If
the fiber connector front face is not free of dust or oils, follow the manufacturer’s rec-
ommendations for cleaning it.
To connect the MMF cables:
The MMF cable is labeled with either 1 or 2, or is color-coded. This differentiates the
connectors for proper connection between the Main Hub and Expansion Hubs. For
proper connection between the Main Hub ports and the Expansion Hub ports, refer to
the numbered or color-coded connections that were recorded when the Main Hub ws
installed.
If the fiber jumper is labeled with 1 or 2:
1. Connect 1 to UP on Expansion Hub.
2. Connect 2 to DOWN on Expansion Hub.
If the fiber jumper is color-coded (for example, “blue” or “red”):
1. Connect “blue” to UP on Expansion Hub.
2. Connect “red” to DOWN on Expansion Hub.
Installing the LGCell
9-22 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40
620004-0 Rev. B
Check the Expansion Hub Unit Functionality LEDs
The unit functionality LEDs (POWER and SYNC) should be green if the Main Hub is on.
Check the Expansion Hub MMF Port LEDs
The MMF port LEDs (LINK STATUS and SYNC) should be red. This indicates that the
UTP/STP cable is not yet connected to the Remote Access Unit(s).
Check the Main Hub MMF Port LEDs
The MMF port LEDs (LINK STATUS and SYNC) should be green.
NOTE: Refer to Section 10 for troubleshooting LEDs.
PN 8100-40 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 9-23
620004-0 Rev. B
Installing the Expansion Hub
Connect UTP/STP cables from the RAUs
Before connecting the UTP/STP cables, confirm that they meet TIA/EIA 568-A spec-
ifications (refer to Appendix B).
Connect all UTP/STP cables coming from the RAUs to any available RJ-45 connec-
tor on the Expansion Hub, as shown in the following figure. Make sure you connect
RAUs that are of the correct frequency and protocol.
Check the Expansion Hub Cat-5 Port LEDs
The Expansion Hub Cat-5 port LINK STATUS and SYNC LEDs should be green if the
RAUs are connected on the other end of the UTP/STP cable.
The Cat-5 port LEDs should be red if the RAUs are not yet connected.
NOTE: Refer to Section 10 for troubleshooting LEDs.
NOTE: You do not have to use all of the Cat-5 ports on the Expansion Hub. Unused
ports do not need to be terminated. Free ports can be used for future growth and to
manage changes in the in-building system.
a048
TENNA PORTS
LGCell
™
E
DOWN
MAIN HUB PORTS
UP
SYNC
POWER
AC POWER
ANTENNA PORTS
LGC WIRELESS
LGCell
™
Expansion Hub
LINK
STATUS
SYNC
AC POWER
LGCell
TM
Expansion Hub
SYNC
POWER
SYNC
LINK
STATUS
ANTENNA PORTS
DOWN UP
MAIN HUB PORT
Installing the LGCell
9-24 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40
620004-0 Rev. B
9.3.4 Installing Expansion Hubs in a Neutral Host System
Installing neutral host system Expansion Hubs is the same as described in
Section 9.3.3 on page 9-18.
If rack-mounting the Expansion Hubs, we recommend mounting all neutral host sys-
tem hubs in the same rack(s) or location, grouped by frequency or carrier. For exam-
ple, group the Expansion Hubs for the iDEN carrier(s) together, then the 800 MHz
cellular carrier(s), and so on.
PN 8100-40 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 9-25
620004-0 Rev. B
Installing the Remote Access Unit
9.4 Installing the Remote Access Unit
9.4.1 Remote Access Unit Installation Checklist
9.4.2 Tools and Materials Required to Install Remote Access Unit
The tools and supplies required to install the RAU depends on the installation method
selected; the following table lists suggestions.
Installation Requirement Consideration
Floor Plans Installation location of equipment clearly marked
Remote Access Unit(s) 4 per Expansion Hub
Passive antennas Coaxial cable terminated correctly
Suitable operating environment
Cabling
Cat-5 UTP/STP TIA/EIA 568-A approved; RJ-45 male connectors; RAU to Expansion Hub
• Absolute Minimum: 10 meters (33 ft)
• Recommended Minimum: 20 meters (66 ft)
• Maximum: 50 meters (165 ft)
Coaxial Use low-loss cable; RAU (SMA male connector) to passive antennas; typical 1 m
(3.3 ft) using RG142 coaxial cable
Distance
RAU is within 10 m to 50 m (33 ft to 165 ft) of Expansion Hub (see Table 7-25 on page 7-30 if different UTP/STP
length)
RAU is within RF-design distance of passive antenna, typically 1 m (3.3 ft); coverage will be affected if coaxial cable
length differs from what was used to calculate the design plan
Description
Philips screwdriver
Tie Wraps
Screws
Drywall Anchors
Pipe Clamp
RAU Mounting Plate
Drill
Installing the LGCell
9-26 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40
620004-0 Rev. B
9.4.3 RAU Installation Procedures
Procedures in this section:
• Mounting RAUs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-26
• Connecting the Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-28
• Installing Passive Antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-28
• Connecting the UTP/STP Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-29
• Check the RAU LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-30
Mounting RAUs
Mount all RAUs in their assigned locations. Refer to the following figure for mount-
ing options.
CAUTION:Install iDEN and 800 MHz cellular RAUs so that their antennas will be
6 to 8 meters (20 to 26 feet) apart. See Section 9.4.4 on page 9-31 for more informa-
tion.
PN 8100-40 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 9-27
620004-0 Rev. B
Installing the Remote Access Unit
Installing RAUs using a Mounting Plate
You can install up to four RAUs using a Quad-RAU Mounting Plate (LGC Wireless
part number MP-RAU-4).
Installing RAUs on the Mounting Plate:
After the Mounting Plate is securely installed, you can attach up to four RAUs to it.
• Slide an RAU into a Mounting Plate slot so the edge of the RAU meets the tab on
the Mounting Plate.
RAUs can be installed with either end against the tab.
Installing the Mounting Plate Above Ceiling Tile:
• Secure the mounting plate to the ceiling tile using the four screws.
Installing the Mounting Plate to the Wall:
1. Hold the mounting plate in position to the wall and mark the mounting plate’s
pre-drilled holes on the wall.
If installing the plate horizontally, make sure the supporting tabs are toward the
floor so the installed RAUs will rest against them.
2. Drill four holes in the wall where you marked.
3. Insert drywall anchors into the drilled holes.
4. Insert a screw through one of the holes in the mounting plate and screw it into one
of the drywall anchors.
5. Repeat step 4 for the other mounting holes.
Installing the LGCell
9-28 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40
620004-0 Rev. B
Installing Passive Antennas
Refer to the manufacturer’s installation instructions to install passive antennas.
Passive antennas are usually installed below the ceiling. If they are installed above
the ceiling, the additional loss due to the ceiling material must be considered when
estimating the antenna coverage area.
Considerations:
• Use coaxial cable with the least amount of loss possible.
• Keep iDEN and 800 MHz cellular antennas 6 to 8 meters (20 to 26 ft) apart.
Connecting the Antenna
Connect a passive antenna to the SMA female connector on the RAU. The following
figure shows connecting an optional antenna to a single band RAU.
CAUTION:When connecting to the SMA female connector on the RAU
and passive antenna, DO NOT over-tighten the connector. Firmly
hand-tightening the connector is adequate.
NOTE: If an RAU is installed but an antenna is not connected, the SMA port must
be terminated with a 50 ohm terminator (LGC part number 4100).
PN 8100-40 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 9-29
620004-0 Rev. B
Installing the Remote Access Unit
Connecting the UTP/STP Cable
Connecting UTP/STP to single band RAU:
Before connecting the UTP/STP cables, confirm that they meet TIA/EIA 568-A spec-
ifications (refer to Appendix B).
Connect the UTP/STP cable coming from the Expansion Hub to the RJ-45 female
jack on the RAU, as shown in the following figure.
Connecting UTP/STP cable to dual band RAU:
For the 900/1800 dual band RAU, connect the 900 MHz Expansion Hub cable to the
top RJ-45 jack and the 1800 MHz cable to the bottom RJ-45 jack.
For the 1800/1800 dual band RAU, connect the top (upper) 1800 MHz Expansion
Hub cable to the RAU’s top RJ-45 jack, and connect the bottom (lower) 1800 MHz
Expansion Hub cable to the RAU’s bottom RJ-45 jack.
The RJ-45 jacks on a dual band RAU are shown in the following figure.
Top RJ-45 female connector:
900/1800 dual band system: 900 MHz Expansion Hub cable
1800/1800 dual band system: top (upper) Expansion Hub cable
Bottom RJ-45 female connector:
900/1800 dual band system: 1800 MHz Expansion Hub cable
1800/1800 dual band system: bottom (lower) Expansion Hub cable
Installing the LGCell
9-30 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40
620004-0 Rev. B
Check the RAU LEDs
The green POWER LED should be on and the red SYNC LED should be off.
The green POWER LED should be lit to indicate that the RAU is receiving power
from the Expansion Hub assigned to it.
The green POWER LED should be off if the Expansion Hub is not yet connected.
NOTE: Refer to Section 10 for troubleshooting LEDs.
Check the Expansion Hub MMF Port LEDs
Re-check the Expansion Hub LEDs to verify that the RAUs are operating properly.
The Expansion Hub fiber port LINK STATUS and SYNC LEDs should be green if the
RAUs are connected on the other end of the UTP/STP cable.
Power LED
Sync LED
PN 8100-40 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 9-31
620004-0 Rev. B
Installing the Remote Access Unit
9.4.4 Installing Remote Access Units in a Neutral Host System
When installing both iDEN and cellular systems in parallel, either as dual-band or
neutral host systems, special provision must be taken to assure that the individual
RAUs do not interfere with each other.
It is recommended that the 800 MHz cellular and iDEN RAU’s antennas be sep-
arated by 6 to 8 meters (20 to 26 feet), to assure that the iDEN downlink signals
do not interfere with the cellular uplink signals.
Installing the LGCell
9-32 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40
620004-0 Rev. B
PN 8100-40 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual 10-1
620004-0 Rev. B
SECTION 10 Maintenance, Troubleshooting,
and Technical Assistance
There are no user-serviceable parts in any of the LGCell components. Faulty or failed
components are fullly replaceable through LGC Wireless.
Address 2540 Junction Avenue
San Jose, California
95134-1902 USA
Phone 1-408-952-2400
Fax 1-408-952-2410
Help Hot Line 1-800-530-9960 (U.S. only)
+1-408-952-2400 (International)
+44(0) 1223 597812 (Europe)
Web Address http://www.lgcwireless.com
e-mail service@lgcwireless.com
10.1 Maintenance
No periodic maintenance of the LGCell equipment is required.
Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical Assistance
10-2 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40
620004-0 Rev. B
10.2 Troubleshooting
NOTE: LGCell has no user-serviceable parts. Faulty or failed units are
fully replaceable through LGC Wireless.
Sources of potential problems include:
• Malfunction of one or more LGCell components
• Faulty cabling/connector
• Antenna, base station, or repeater problem
• External RF interface
NOTE: Faulty cabling is the cause of a vast majority of problems. All Cat-5
cable should be tested to TIA/EIA 568-A specifications.
The diagnostic procedures are based on diagnostic information in Table 10-2 on
page 10-5. The table lists all LEDs and indicates what to do under certain circum-
stances. There is a blank table at the end of this section that you can copy and use to
record the LEDs while you troubleshoot an LGCell system.
If you cannot determine the cause of a problem after following the recommended pro-
cedures, call LGC Wireless customer help hot line:
1-800-530-9960 (U.S. only)
+1-408-952-2400 (International)
+44(0) 1223 597812 (Europe)
PN 8100-40 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 10-3
620004-0 Rev. B
Troubleshooting
10.2.1 Troubleshooting Guidelines
The following table contains troubleshooting information that the diagnostic LEDs do
not cover. Please check the table for a possible cause of a problem. Simple checks or
minor adjustments might eliminate the problem and restore proper operation.
Problem/Symptom Check
No downlink signal
output when all diag-
nostic LEDs are green
Make sure that there is a reasonable amount of power at the input of the Main Hub. Use a power
meter to measure the output power from the coaxial cable that feeds the Main Hub.
The LGCell is intended for a different frequency band. Verify that your system corresponds to the
desired frequency (for example, 800 MHz, 1800 MHz, or 1900 MHz).
Check the part number of each unit to be sure you have the proper band (e.g., DAS19M-4A-AD is
the part number for a Main Hub set up for 1900 MHz A and D bands).
The system gain is
lower than specifica-
tion
The optical fiber connector may be dirty. Clean the ST optical connector, using the manufacturer’s
recommended cleaning procedure.
There are two types of multimode fiber (MMF), 62.5µm/125µm and 50µm/125µm. Make sure the
vertical run of MMF is the 62.5µm/125µm type of fiber.
Check the length of MMF and UTP/STP cabling.
Remote Access Unit
(RAU) power LED
(green LED) stays off
after you plug in the
twisted pair cable
The Expansion Hub provides power to the RAU. Make sure the Expansion Hub is on.
Make sure that the twisted-pair (TP) cable wiring conforms to the TIA/EIA 568-A standard. (For
information about the standard, refer to Appendix B, “TIA/EIA 568-A Cabling Standard”.) Use a
standard local area network (LAN) cable tester to perform this test. Make sure the Cat-5 is not
plugged into the Expansion Hub when doing this test. Possible errors are incorrect wiring and/or
cable length.
The LGCell perfor-
mance is intermittent
when you use it for the
CDMA application
The uplink and downlink gains are not balanced. A CDMA system performs active power control
between the base station and the mobile unit. It is important to maintain a balanced link from the
base station ports to the RAU ports (equal uplink and downlink gain) to optimize the performance of
the LGCell.
Possible MMF port
problem on a Main
Hub
To isolate possible port problems on a Main Hub try moving the faulty fiber pair to another port on
the hub or to another Main Hub.
When you move an active fiber pair, the Main Hub remembers that there was fiber on that port and
issues an alarm. You must clear the latched alarm (port disconnect memory feature) by cycling Main
Hub power.
Possible RJ-45 port
problem on an Expan-
sion Hub
Move the Cat-5 to a spare port or swap the Cat-5 to try and isolate the problem.
The Expansion Hub also has port disconnect memory to track which ports have been connected. So
when a Cat-5 is disconnected and moved to a new port, an alarm will be issued. You must cycle
power to the Expansion Hub to clear the memory and the latched alarm.
If the Expansion Hub is suspect, try and remove all RAUs to eliminate any possible RAU failure and
then begin to put RAUs back in. Remember to cycle power whenever a RAU is removed.
Possible RAU prob-
lem When working RAU problems, an RAU whose functionality has been confirmed can be used with
about 15 m (50 ft) of Cat-5 to quickly verify ports on an Expansion Hub. Simply connect the RAU to
one end of the cable and plug the other end into the Expansion Hub ports to verify proper operation.
Troubleshoot down-
link problem on an
active system
Downlink problems can be troubleshot on an active system by injecting a low-level signal at the
Main Hub using the unused port (either the duplex bidirectional port or the simplex downlink port).
Then you can go out to the RAU and perform some measurements without disrupting normal ser-
vice.
Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical Assistance
10-4 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40
620004-0 Rev. B
10.2.2 Troubleshooting Using the LED Indicators
10.2.2.1 LED Indicator Description
The LGCell Main Hub, Expansion Hubs, and RAUs have front panel LEDs which
provide diagnostic information and operational status of each unit. Together they pro-
vide an efficient diagnostic display system, which help technicians find the fault if
there is a malfunction. The LED indicators for each unit are described in the follow-
ing table.
Table 10-1 LGCell Equipment LED Indicators
MMF Port
Indicators Color Indicates
LINK STATUS Green Good connection to the Expansion Hub that is connected to the port.
Red Connection problem with the Expansion Hub that is connected to the port.
SYNC Green Expansion Hub connected to the port is operating properly.
Red An alarm with the Expansion Hub that is connected to the port.
Unit
Functionality
Indicators Color Indicates
SYNC Green Main Hub is correctly producing the synchronization signal.
Off Main Hub is not correctly producing the synchronization signal.
POWER Green Main Hub has power.
UTP/STP Port
Indicators/Color
Indicates
LINK STATUS SYNC
Green Green RAU is connected and functioning properly.
Green Red RAU is connected but malfunctioning.
Red Green RAU has been disconnected or the cable is cut.
Red Red No RAU is connected.
Unit
Functionality
Indicators Color Indicates
SYNC Green Expansion Hub is receiving the synchronization signal from the Main Hub.
Off A fault with the MMF downlink or the unit is faulty.
POWER Green Expansion Hub has power.
Unit
Functionality
Indicators Color Indicates
POWER Green RAU is receiving power from the Expansion Hub.
SYNC Red RAU lost sync and has shut down RF power.
Off No fault.
MAIN HUBEXPANSION HUBRAU
PN 8100-40 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 10-5
620004-0 Rev. B
Troubleshooting
10.2.2.2 Diagnostic Procedures
Use the following table when diagnosing system problems. For troubleshooting, you
can copy the blank table on page 10-8 and use it to record the LED colors on the Main
Hub, the particular Expansion Hub indicating a fault, and the RAUs connected to it.
This is necessary because the Main Hub, Expansion Hubs, and RAUs typically are
geographically distributed.
To determine where the fault might be:
1. Go to the Main Hub and record the LEDs. The Main Hub indicates which Expan-
sion Hub may be faulty by lighting one of its port LEDs red.
2. Go to the Expansion Hub attached to the port that has a red LED.
3. Record that Expansion Hub’s LEDs. The Expansion Hub indicates which RAU(s)
may be faulty by lighting its antenna LED red.
4. Go to the RAU(s) connected to the Expansion Hub port that is indicating a fault.
Record the error.
5. Compare your filled in table to the Diagnostic Table below and begin trouble-
shooting according to the notes indicated for your situation.
Table 10-2 LED Diagnostics
Visual Alarm LEDs Remote Alarm
Contacts
Main Hub Expansion Hub RAU DB-9 Connector
Port Functionality Port Functionality
Power Sync
Major
Alarm
Contact
Error
Latch
Contact See
Note
Link
Status Sync Sync Power Link
Status Sync Sync Power
Green Green Green Green Green Green Green Green Green Green Short Short 1
Red Red Green Green Off Off Off Off Off Off Open Open 2
Green Red Green Green Green Red Green Green Off Off Open Open 3
Green Red Green Green Red Red Green Green Off Off Open Open 4
Green Red Green Green Green Red Green Green Green Red Open Open 5
Green Red Green Green Green Red Off Green Green Red Open Open 6
Red Red Green Green Green Red Red Green Green Red Open Open 7
Off Off Off Off Green Red Off Green Green Red Open Open 8
Green Red Red Green Green Red Red Green Green Red Open Open 9
Red Red Green Green Green Green Green Green Green Off Open Open 10
Green Red Green Green Red Red Green Green Off Off Open Open 11
Green Red Green Green Green Green Green Green Green Off Open Open 12
Green Red Green Green Red Green Green Green Off Off Open Open 13
Major and Error Latch contacts indicate an alarm when the contacts go from a short to open state.
Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical Assistance
10-6 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40
620004-0 Rev. B
Notes:
1. System is functioning properly.
2. The Expansion Hub is off.
Make sure the power cord is connected to a live AC power jack and that the
Expansion Hub power switch is in the on (1) position.
3. Power is being delivered to the RAU but it is not turning on.
a. Check that the UTP/STP cable has been properly crimped and passes a stan-
dard TIA/EIA 568-A Cat-5 compliance test.
b. If the cable is not the problem, replace the RAU.
4. Power is not being delivered to the RAU.
• Move the UTP cable to a different RJ-45 connector on the Expansion Hub to
see if the same problem occurs.
– If the LEDs on the new port are both green, there is a problem with the
Expansion Hub.
– If the problem persists, there is a problem with either the RAU or the
UTP/STP cable.
• Check that the UTP/STP cable has been properly crimped and passes a stan-
dard TIA/EIA 568-A Cat-5 compliance test.
– If the cable passes the Cat-5 test, replace the RAU.
5. RAU has lost synchronization.
• Make sure that the UTP/STP passes a standard TIA/EIA 568-A Cat-5 test.
– If the cable passes the Cat-5 test, replace the RAU.
6. The Expansion Hub is not properly receiving the synchronization signal from the
Main Hub.
a. The MMF cable connection might not be good or if the system was working,
the MMF downlink cable is pulled out or cut. Switch MMF cables.
b. If the problem persists, move the MMF cable to a different Main Hub port on
a different Expansion Hub. If this solves the problem, the Main Hub port on
the first Expansion Hub is malfunctioning.
c. If the problem persists, there is an Expansion Hub problem.
• If moving MMF cables to a different Expansion Hub is not practical, switch the
uplink and downlink pairs. (A connection error may have been made when
connecting the Main Hub UP port to the Expansion Hub UP port, and similarly
for the DOWN ports.)
– If the Expansion Hub unit SYNC LED turns green, one of the MMF cables
was bad or the connection between the Main Hub and Expansion Hub was
done incorrectly. If both are bad, this test will not help. Switch to a different
Main Hub port.
PN 8100-40 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 10-7
620004-0 Rev. B
Troubleshooting
7. The Expansion Hub is not properly receiving the synchronization signal from the
Main Hub.
Too much loss on downlink MMF. Might be due to MMF pairs not attached to the
proper connector.
a. Check that the “down” cable end is in the DOWN port connector on both the
Main Hub and on the Expansion Hub. Same for the “up” cable end and con-
nectors for the UP port.
b. If the problem persists, check the integrity of the MMF cable using an Optical
Time Domain Reflectometer. If the fiber is faulty, replace it.
c. If the MMF cable is OK, try using a different Main Hub port.
d. If the problem persists, replace the Main Hub.
e. If the problem persists, replace the Expansion Hub.
8. The Main Hub is off.
• Make sure the power cord is connected to a live AC power jack and that the
Main Hub power switch is in the on (1)position.
9. Main Hub is not properly generating the synchronization signal.
• Turn off the Main Hub and then turn it back on. If the unit functionality SYNC
LED stays off, the Main Hub requires replacement.
10. The Expansion Hub is not properly sending the synchronization signal to the
Main Hub.
• The MMF cable connection might not be good, or if the system was working,
the MMF uplink cable is pulled out or cut.
11. The RAU is off.
• Check that the UTP/STP cable is operating properly.
– Check that the UTP/STP cable has been properly crimped and passes a stan-
dard TIA/EIA 568-A Cat-5 compliance test.
• If the system was working, the UTP/STP cable is pulled out or cut.
12. There is excessive optical loss in the uplink direction between the Expansion Hub
and the Main Hub.
• Verify that the optical loss in the uplink fiber does not exceed 3 dB optical.
• Check the fiber ports for debris and clean if necessary.
• The Main Hub MMF port may be faulty.
– Move the fiber to another port.
• The Expansion Hub may be faulty.
13. A Cat-5 cable has been disconnected and moved to a new port. The Expansion
Hub’s port disconnect memory has issued an alarm.
• You must cycle power to the Expansion Hub to clear the memory and the
latched alarm.
Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical Assistance
10-8 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40
620004-0 Rev. B
Use the following blank table to record LEDs as you troubleshoot.
Visual Alarm LEDs Remote Alarm
Contacts
Main Hub Expansion Hub RAU DB-9 Connector
Port Functionality Port Functionality
Power Sync
Major
Alarm
Contact
Error
Latch
Contact
Link
Status Sync Sync Power Link
Status Sync Sync Power
PN 8100-40 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 10-9
620004-0 Rev. B
Technical Assistance
10.3 Technical Assistance
Call our help hot line for technical assistance:
1-800-530-9960 (U.S. only)
+1-408-952-2400 (International)
+44(0) 1223 597812 (Europe)
Leave your name and phone number and an LGC Wireless customer service repre-
sentative will return your call within an hour. Be prepared to provide the following
information when you receive the return call:
• Company name
• End user name
• Type of system, serial number, frequency
• Approximate time in service (warranty), sales order number
• Description of problem
• LED status
Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical Assistance
10-10 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40
620004-0 Rev. B
PN 8100-40 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual A-1
620004-0 Rev. B
APPENDIX A Cables and Connectors
This section provides information about cables, connectors, and accessories that an
LGCell application might require.
• Appendix A.1 Coaxial Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-2
• Appendix A.2 Multimode Fiber Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-2
• Appendix A.3 Category 5 UTP/STP Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-3
These cables are not provided with the LGCell equipment and must be on site or
installed at the site prior to the LGCell installation. LGC Wireless can provide these
components, or you can order them through a cable vendor or installer.
Cables and Connectors
A-2 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40
620004-0 Rev. B
A.1 Coaxial Cable
For Duplex RF Connections
• Connects a Main Hub to a repeater or duplex base station
• Provides bidirectional downlink and uplink transmission with one cable for duplex
RF connections
For Simplex RF Connections
• Connects a Main Hub to a repeater or simplex base station
• Provides unidirectional downlink and uplink signals on separate cables for simplex
RF connections
A.2 Multimode Fiber Cable
• Connects Main Hub to Expansion Hub(s)
• Transmits (downlink) and receives (uplink) cellular
and PCS signals
• Accommodates distances up to 1 km (3300 ft)
• Use industry-standard 62.5µm/125µm fiber
MMF
Cable
PN 8100-40 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual A-3
620004-0 Rev. B
Category 5 UTP/STP Cable
A.3 Category 5 UTP/STP Cable
• Connects the Expansion Hub to the RAU(s)
• Transmits (downlink) and receives (uplink) cellular
and PCS signals
• Delivers electrical power to RAU(s)
• Accommodates distances up to 50 meters (165 ft)
• Cat-5 STP is recommended when configuring mul-
tiple systems
LGC Wireless recommends plenum-rated Cat-5 UTP/STP cable and connectors
NOTE: Only Cat-5 shielded twisted pair (STP) cable should be used for neutral host
systems.
NOTE: UTP/STP cable length is 10 meters (33 ft) absolute minimum, 20 meters (66
ft) recommended minimum, and 50 meters (165 ft) maximum. For cables longer than
50 meters (165 ft), system specifications are slightly degraded. See Section 7.3.2, “Sys-
tem Gain (Loss) Relative to UTP/STP Cable Length,” on page 7-30.
UTP Termination
All UTP cable shall be terminated according to the TIA/EIA 568-A standard. The fol-
lowing diagram shows the top view of the wiring map for Category 5 UTP cable and
how the four pairs should be terminated.
Figure A-1 Wiring Map for Cat-5 UTP Cable
NOTE: Be sure to test cable termination before installing the cable.
a029
UTP/STP
Cable
RJ-45
Connector
12 3 45 6 78
Brown
Brown/
White
Blue Blue/
White
Green/
White
Green Orange
Orange/
White
RJ-45 Port
12345678
W-G
G
W-O
BL
W-BL
O
W-BR
BR
Cables and Connectors
A-4 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40
620004-0 Rev. B
PN 8100-40 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual B-1
620004-0 Rev. B
APPENDIX B TIA/EIA 568-A Cabling Standard
Following is a summary of the TIA/EIA 568-A commercial building telecommunica-
tions cabling standard.
The TIA/EIA 568-A commercial building cabling standard addresses the need for a
common criterion covering cabling in commercial buildings. The standard was
drafted to ensure support for a wide variety of applications, devices, and vendor prod-
ucts.
The TIA/EIA 568-A standard assures a flexible cabling scheme which permits the
planning and installation of communications cable without prior knowledge of the
user’s needs. This is especially valuable for new building construction and renovation
where it is less costly and less disruptive to install a universal cabling system prior to
occupancy.
The need for a building cabling standard was recognized in the early 1980s. It
resulted from the changes brought on by new technologies. The purpose of the origi-
nal drafting committee was to provide a non-proprietary cabling system for both new
and existing facilities.
In 1985, the Computer Communications Industry Association approached the Elec-
tronic Industry Association (EIA) in regard to the market’s confusion over cabling
systems. The EIA and later its offspring, the Telecommunications Industry Associa-
tion (TIA), addressed this via technical working groups comprised of industry partic-
ipants. The resulting standard 568 addressed performance and safety issues related to
technology and utilized many recognized and proven standards.
The TIA/EIA 568-A standard defines the categories of UTP cabling, the categories of
connecting hardware, patch cables, and provides guidelines on cabling practices.
The TIA/EIA 568-A standard describes six sub-systems within a facility telecommu-
nications cabling system summarized below. (This is intended as a summary only and
is meant to provide a better comprehension of the standard. The complete TIA/EIA
568-A standard is available for purchase. Call Global Engineering Documents at
1-800-854-7179.)
TIA/EIA 568-A Cabling Standard
B-2 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40
620004-0 Rev. B
B.1 Horizontal Wiring
The horizontal cable is the portion of the cabling system which extends from the
work area outlet to the telecommunications closet. The horizontal cabling is a star
topology, with a maximum cabling run of 90 meters (295 feet), independent of media
type.
The horizontal cable amounts to the greatest quantity of individual cables in the
building. Although the TIA/EIA 568-A standard helps limit cabling options, consid-
eration should be given to media type in order to support possible future needs. The
cable selected should accommodate more than one network planning period.
Voice Data
4-pair 100 ohm UTP cable 4-pair 100 ohm UTP/STP
2-pair 150 ohm STP
62.5µm/125µm fiber optic cable
PN 8100-40 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual B-3
620004-0 Rev. B
Backbone Wiring
B.2 Backbone Wiring
The backbone cabling provides the interconnection between the telecommunications
closets and the equipment rooms and entrance facilities. The backbone cabling is also
a star topology with the maximum cable length being media and application-depen-
dent.
The backbone cable typically is second to horizontal cables in terms of the amount of
cable deployed. The cable selected should accommodate a minimum of one to several
network planning periods.
HC MC
IC
62.5/125 µm Optical Fiber Cable
3000m (9843 ft.)
500m
(1640 ft.) 2500m
(8202 ft.)
HC MC
IC
2000m (6560 ft.)
Maximum
500m
(1640 ft.)
Maximum
1500m
(4920 ft.)
Note 1
TC MC
IC
800m (2624 ft)
Maximum
500m
(1640 ft.)
Maximum
300m
(984 ft.)
Note 2
HC IC/
MC
90m (295 ft)
Maximum
Multi-Mode Optical Fiber Cable 62.5/125 micron Optical Fiber Cable
100Ohm UTP Cable for Voice 100Ohm UTP Cable for Data
HC IC/
MC
90m (295 ft)
Maximum
150Ohm STP-A Cable for Data
HC Horizontal Cross-Connect
MC Main Cross-Connect
IC Intermediate Cross-Connect
Notes:
1. When the HC-to-IC distance is less than maximum, the IC-to-MC distance for optical fiber
can be increased accordingly but the total distance from the HC to the MC shall not exceed
the maximum of 2000 m (6600 ft).
2. When the HC-to-IC distance is less than maximum, the IC-to-MC distance for UTP cable
can be increased accordingly but the total distance from the HC to the MC shall not exceed
the maximum of 800 m (2640 ft). For voice applications only.
TIA/EIA 568-A Cabling Standard
B-4 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40
620004-0 Rev. B
B.3 Work Area
The work area interconnects the horizontal cabling at the wall outlet to the desktop
devices. The maximum allowable distance for patch cables is 3 meters (9.8 feet),
based on the cable being of the same type as the horizontal cable.
B.4 Telecommunications Closet
The telecommunications closet is the area in a building dedicated to telecommunica-
tion equipment. The functions which take place in the closet include the interconnec-
tion point between horizontal and backbone cabling systems, the interconnection of
two or more backbone cabling systems, and/or the interconnection of the entrance
facility to the overall telecommunications cabling system.
B.5 Equipment Room
The equipment room is the area in a building where telecommunications equipment is
located. Parts of or all of the telecommunications cabling system terminate here.
B.6 Entrance Facilities
The entrance facility is where outside telecommunications service enters the building,
and interconnects with the building’s internal telecommunications systems. In a cam-
pus or multi-building environment, the entrance facility may also contain the build-
ing’s backbone interconnects.
B.7 Unshielded Twisted Pair Cable Termination
All UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair) shall be terminated according to the TIA/EIA
568-A standard.
PN 8100-40 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual B-5
620004-0 Rev. B
DC Power
B.8 DC Power
• DC power is supplied from the Expansion Hub to the RAUs via the Cat-5 twisted
pair cable. Power is supplied on one pair (1,2) of the cable.
• The maximum voltage on the cable is 12V, which conforms with UL requirement
of a maximum voltage of 60Vdc.
• Clause 14.3.1.1 of IEEE 802.3 requires Ethernet equipment to have an isolation of
2250Vdc. This means that accidentally plugging a Cat-5 twisted pair cable from an
Expansion Hub into an 803.2-compliant terminal will not cause any damage.
• Clause 14.3.2.1 of IEEE 802.3 specifies that a maximum peak differential voltage
of 2.8V on the twisted pair cable. With a cable impedance of 100 Ohms, this corre-
sponds to a maximum peak power of 16 dBm. The LGCell drive level is substan-
tially below this.
TIA/EIA 568-A Cabling Standard
B-6 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40
620004-0 Rev. B
PN 8100-40 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual C-1
620004-0 Rev. B
APPENDIX C Compliance Information
All LGCell systems comply with Optical Fiber Safety Standard IEC/EN60825-2. The
LGCell distributed antenna system uses light emitting diodes (LEDs) and is rated as a
Class 1 optical hazard system. It has an absolute maximum output power of
–11.5 dBm at 1310 nanometers (nm). There are no restrictions on the location or use
of an LGCell system. No special precautions are required if standard work practices
are followed. Additional information on the safe use of optical fiber communications
systems is at the end of this appendix.
C.1 LGCell System Approval Status
Appendix C.1.1 through C.1.7 provide LGC Wireless’ LGCell system approval status
for various countries around the world. Some European countries require National
Type Approval to their national standards (such as Germany).
C.1.1 800 MHz AMPS, TDMA, and CDMA
Telecom: FCC ID: NOO-DAS8-4-W
Hong Kong: Approval number: RF200110, based on the above FCC
approval
EMC: FCC Class A, Part 15, Subpart B
Safety: UL 1950 3rd edition and the cUL mark for Canada
NEBS: This is a customer driven conformance certification and typically desired
of equipment that is intended to be installed in a Central Office environ-
ment. LGC products are intended as Customer Premise Equipment and it
is not anticipated that they will be installed in a Central Office environ-
ment, therefore NEBS conformance certification has not been pursued at
this time.
Compliance Information
C-2 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40
620004-0 Rev. B
C.1.2 800 MHz iDEN
Telecom: FCC ID: NOO-DAS8M-4IDEN-W
EMC: FCC Class A, Part 15, Subpart B
Safety: UL 1950 3rd edition and the cUL mark for Canada
NEBS: This is a customer driven conformance certification and typically desired
of equipment that is intended to be installed in a Central Office environ-
ment. LGC products are intended as Customer Premise Equipment and it
is not anticipated that they will be installed in a Central Office environ-
ment, therefore NEBS conformance certification has not been pursued at
this time.
C.1.3 900 MHz EGSM/GSM
Telecom: Germany: Approval Number A200394M (BAPT 222 ZV 15/ETS 300
609-4)
UK: Approval Number BPS091 ETS 300 609-4 March 1999
Hong Kong: Approval Number RF 200066; approval based on the above
UK approval
China: Approval Number (CMIIID): 2000CJ0457
Singapore: Approval Number PRNEQ-0417-2000, Issued to “Roots Com-
munications Pte. Ltd.”
EMC: ETS 300 342-3, October 1999
Safety: UL 1950 3rd edition and power supplies, Astec International Ltd., Model
LPS43, Universal Micro Electronics Co. Ltd., Model UPO651S-02, and
International Power Sources, Inc., Model UPO651S-02 all have CB
scheme certifications
C.1.4 1800 MHz GSM
Telecom: ETS 300 609-4, October 1998
Hong Kong: Approval Number RF 200111, approval based on European
Approval ETS 300 609-4
China: Approval Number 2000CJ0525
Singapore: Approval Number PRNEQ-0418-2000, Issued to “Roots Com-
munications Pte. Ltd.”
EMC: EN 300 339, June 1998
Safety: Power Supplies, Astec International Ltd., Model LPS 43, Universal Micro
Electronics Co. Ltd., Model UPO651S-02, and International Power
Sources, Inc., Model UPO651S-02 all have CB scheme certifications.
Markings: The UK approval number and the CE mark are required.
PN 8100-40 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual C-3
620004-0 Rev. B
LGCell System Approval Status
C.1.5 1900 MHz TDMA, CDMA, and GSM
Telecom: FCC: NOO-DAS19-4-X (FCC Part 24E) Distributed Antenna System
(Repeater)
Canada: 3077331163A for the “PCS 1900” (RSS-133, Issue 1)
EMC: FCC: Class A, Part 15, Subpart B
Industry Canada: Same as FCC
Safety: UL 1950, 3rd Edition and the cUL mark for the Canadian equivalent.
NEBS: This is a customer driven conformance certification and typically desired
of equipment that is intended to be installed in a Central Office environ-
ment. LGC products are intended as Customer Premise Equipment and it
is not anticipated that they will be installed in a Central Office environ-
ment, therefore NEBS conformance certification has not been pursued at
this time.
Markings: The FCC approval number and the FCC logo are required. The word Can-
ada followed by the Canadian approval number is required. The UL mark
is required.
C.1.6 FCC Regulatory Notice
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the fol-
lowing two conditions:
• This device may not cause harmful interference.
• This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may
cause undesired operation.
C.1.7 Industry Canada Regulatory Notice
This Class B (or Class A, if so indicated on the registration label) digital apparatus
meets the requirements of the Canadian Interference-Causing Equipment Regula-
tions.
Cet appareil numerique de la Classe B (ou Classe A, si ainsi indique sur l’etiquette
d’enregistration) respecte toutes les exigences du Reglement sur le Materiel Brouil-
leur du Canada.
Compliance Information
C-4 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40
620004-0 Rev. B
C.2 Declaration of Conformity to Type
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY
We, LGC Wireless, of 2540 Junction Ave., San Jose, California, 95134-1902, declare
under our sole responsibility that the product:
LGCell, EGSM/GSM 900 Repeater, Model DAS9M-4E-W, to which this declaration
relates, is in conformity with the following standards and/or other normative documents.
ETS 300 342-3, October 1999
ETS 300 609-4, March 1999
BAPT 222 ZV 15
We hereby declare that all essential radio test suites have been carried out and that the
above named product is in conformity to all the essential requirements of Directive
1999/5/EC.
The conformity assessment procedure referred to in Article 10 and detailed in Annex IV
of Directive 1999/5/EC has been followed with the involvement of the following Notified
Body:
BABT, Claremont House, 34 Molesey Road, Walton-on-Thames, KT12 4RQ, UK
Identification Mark: 168
The technical documentation relevant to the above equipment will be held at:
LGC Wireless, UK
G10 Regus House, Cambourne Business
Park, Cambourne, Cambridge
United Kingdom, CB3 6DP
John Dorsey
RF Approvals Engineer
March 14, 2001
Signature Date
PN 8100-40 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual C-5
620004-0 Rev. B
Declaration of Conformity to Type
Compliance Information
C-6 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40
620004-0 Rev. B
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY
We, LGC Wireless, of 2540 Junction Ave., San Jose, California, 95134-1902, declare
under our sole responsibility that the product:
LGCell, DCS 1800 Repeater, Model DAS18M-2, to which this declaration relates, is in
conformity with the following standards and/or other normative documents.
EN 300 339, June 1998
ETS 300 609-4, October 1998
BAPT 222 ZV 15
We hereby declare that all essential radio test suites have been carried out and that the
above named product is in conformity to all the essential requirements of Directive
1999/5/EC.
The conformity assessment procedure referred to in Article 10 and detailed in Annex IV
of Directive 1999/5/EC has been followed with the involvement of the following Notified
Body:
BABT, Claremont House, 34 Molesey Road, Walton-on-Thames, KT12 4RQ, UK
Identification Mark: 168
The technical documentation relevant to the above equipment will be held at:
LGC Wireless, UK
G10 Regus House, Cambourne Business
Park, Cambourne, Cambridge
United Kingdom, CB3 6DP
John Dorsey
RF Approvals Engineer
March 14, 2001
Signature Date
PN 8100-40 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual C-7
620004-0 Rev. B
IEC/EN 60825-2: Safe Use of Optical Fiber Communication Systems
C.3 IEC/EN 60825-2: Safe Use of Optical Fiber
Communication Systems
Part 2 of IEC 60825 provides requirements and specific guidance for the safe use of
optical fiber communications where optical power may be accessible at some dis-
tance from the optical source. In this part of IEC 825, light emitting diodes (LEDs)
are included whenever the word “laser” is used.
C.3.1 Description of LGCell System
The LGCell is a distributed antenna system. It consists of three main components. A
Main Hub, which is connected by multimode fiber optic cables to one or more Expan-
sion Hubs. Each Expansion Hub is connected by UTP Cat-5 cable to up to four
Remote Access Units. Because LEDs are used to send a signal over the fiber optic
cable, the LGCell is covered under the IEC 60825 specification.
C.3.2 Requirements under IEC 60825
Under IEC 60825, LGC Wireless is required to determine the Class of operation of
the LGCell system, the hazard level of the LGCell system and any special instruc-
tions that must be included in an operators manual as well as any warning labels that
may be required on the LGCell system.
The LGCell is covered only under these definitions of section 3 of
60825:
•3.2 Enclosed System: A system in which, during normal operation, the optical
radiation is totally enclosed, by light-proof cabinets, components, total internal
reflection or optical fiber cables and connectors.
•3.3 End User: The person or organization using the optical fiber communication
in the manner the system was designed to be used. The user cannot necessarily
control the power generated and transmitted within the system.
•3.4 Hazard Level 1: A hazard level 1 is allocated to any part within an optical
fiber communication system at which, under reasonably foreseeable circum-
stances, human access to laser radiation in excess of the accessible emission limits
(AEL) of class 1 for the applicable wavelengths and emission duration will not
occur.
•3.10 Light Emitting Diode (LED): Any semiconductor device which can be made
to produce electromagnetic optical radiation in the wavelength range from 180nm
to 1mm. (The optical radiation is produced by the process of spontaneous emis-
sion, although some stimulated emission may be present.)
•3.13 Location with Controlled Access: A location where access to the protective
housing (enclosure) is controlled and is accessible only to authorized persons who
Compliance Information
C-8 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40
620004-0 Rev. B
have received adequate training in laser safety and servicing of the system
involved. Examples include optical cable ducts and switching centers.
•3.14 Location with Restricted Access: A location where access to the protective
housing is restricted and not open to the public. Examples include industrial and
commercial premises, PBX rooms, computer system rooms, and optical test sets.
Distributed fiber networks may pass through unrestricted public areas, restricted
areas within premises, as well as controlled areas or they may be deployed entirely
within restricted business premises.
•3.18 Optical Fiber Communication System: An engineered assembly for the
generation, transference, and reception of optical radiation arising from lasers in
which the transference is by means of optical fiber for communication purposes.
•3.19 Reasonable Foreseeable Event: An event, the occurrence of which under
given circumstances can be predicted fairly accurately, and the occurrence of
which is a possibility. Examples of reasonably foreseeable events might include
the following: fiber cable break, optical connector disconnection, operator error or
inattention to safe working practices. Reckless use or use for completely inappro-
priate purposes is not to be considered as a reasonably foreseeable event.
C.3.3 Installation Notes
The LGCell is covered under these parts of section 5 of 60825:
•5.2.1.3 Test Equipment: During installation or testing of an optical fiber cable or
system, only test equipment of laser Class 1 should be used.
•5.2.1.5 Installation Rules: Each person engaged in the installation or service of an
optical fiber cable communication system should observe all rules, procedures, and
practices established for the safe operation of optical fiber communication sys-
tems.
C.3.4 Evaluation of LGC System
The LGCell is covered under Annex A of 60825.
The LGCell system is a self-contained product that contains an optical fiber commu-
nication system that would be safe under normal operating conditions because the
optical radiation is totally enclosed and contained under intended operation. How-
ever, because of the extended nature of the system, the optical power may be accessi-
ble a kilometer from the optical source. The LGCell system contains LEDs, which are
the source of radiation covered under IEC 825. Usually a whole fiber optical commu-
nication system would not be classified under IEC 825-2 in the same way required
under IEC 825-1. This is because, under intended operation, the optical power is
totally enclosed, and it could be argued that an interpretation of IEC 825-1 would
give a class 1 to all systems, which may not accurately reflect the hazard potential of
some systems. If the emitter can be operated separately, it should be classified
PN 8100-40 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual C-9
620004-0 Rev. B
IEC/EN 60825-2: Safe Use of Optical Fiber Communication Systems
according to IEC 825-1. However, the power output level of the LGCell system is so
low that it always falls into the class 1 hazard level even under 100% modulation con-
ditions. The absolute maximum allowed at 1300nm is +9.5 dBm. The absolute maxi-
mum accessible output of the LGCell fiber optic system is –11.5 dBm. Therefore
there is no restriction as to location of use of the LGCell system and there is no label-
ing requirement.
C.3.5 Suggested Work Practices
The LGCell is covered under these parts of section D7 of 60825
The following working practices are suggested for working on the LGCell system:
•Viewing Fiber: Do not stare with unprotected eyes at the connector ends of the
fibers or the ports of the hub.
•Test Fibers Cables: When using test fiber optical cables, the optical power source
shall be the last to be connected and the first to be disconnected.
•Fiber ends: Any unconnected fiber ends should be covered with an approved cap.
Do not use tape.
•Broken Fiber Cables: Do not stare with unprotected eyes at any broken ends of
the fibers. Report and have any broken fiber cables replaced.
•Cleaning: Use only approved methods for cleaning optical fiber connectors.
•Modification: Do not make any unauthorized modifications to this fiber optical
system of associated equipment.
•Live work: Live work is permitted on the LGCell as it is a class 1 hazard.
•Signs: No warning signs are required.
•Test Equipment: Use class 1 test equipment.
Compliance Information
C-10 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40
620004-0 Rev. B
C.4 Human Exposure to RF
The U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has adopted limits of human
exposure to radio frequency (RF) emissions from portable or fixed RF systems that
are regulated by the FCC. The exposure limits on the incident electric and magnetic
fields and power densities are based on ANSI/IEEE and NCRP RF Safety Guidelines.
The limits are also prescribed in terms of the mass-normalized rates of internal energy
absorption by tissues (specific absorption rates or SARs) which should not exceed
0.08 W/kg as averaged over the whole body and 1.6 W/kg for any 1-g of tissue.
Similarly, the U.K. National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) and the Interna-
tional Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) have both estab-
lished guidelines for maximum RF exposure levels that are likely to not pose health
risks. For the general public, ICNIRP recommends maximum exposure levels of
2.0 W/kg for any 10-g of tissue. This recommendation is 5 times lower than that of
NRPB.
The specific absorption rate (SAR) was measured for a radiated power of 20 dBm
(100 mW) which is the maximum radiated for both of the antennas. The highest SAR
regions for each of the antennas for separation distances of 0, 1, 2, and 3 cm to the tis-
sue-simulant model were determined in the first instance by using a coarser sampling
with a step size of 8.0 mm over three overlapping scan areas for a total scan area of
8.0 × 9.6 cm. After identifying the regions of the highest SAR for each of the cases,
the SAR distributions were measured with a resolution of 2 mm in order to obtain the
peak 1 cm 3 or 1-g SAR.
The peak 1-g SARs were measured and are shown in Table C-1. The reason for the
lower SARs for the 880 MHz lower frequency antenna for each of the separation dis-
tances is the larger size of the RAU Model 850 OM3W-SM00L antenna. This helps
to spread the electromagnetic fields thus resulting in lower SARs.
Note that for 800 MHz RAUs at all separation distances, SARs are less than
1.6 W/kg, the level suggested in the FCC, IEEE/ANSI, NCRP, and ICNIRP Guide-
lines. For the 1900 MHz antenna, a separation distance of 2 cm from the antenna sur-
face to the tissue is enough to comply with the peak 1-g SAR of 1.6 W/kg suggested
in the various safety guidelines.
Table C-1 Peak 1-g SAR for RAU Models 850 and 1900
RAU Distance
from a Human
Head (cm) 800 MHz System
Peak 1-g SAR 1900 MHz System
Peak 1-g SAR
0 1.331 4.995
1 0.942 2.213
2 0.646 1.153
3 0.472 0.676
PN 8100-40 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual D-1
620004-0 Rev. B
APPENDIX D Frequently Asked Questions
• What is the LGCell Distributed Antenna System?
The LGCell Distributed Antenna System (DAS) contains multiple low-power radi-
ating elements that are deployed around indoor facilities to improve coverage and
capacity. The unique, patented architecture of the LGCell DAS provides an inex-
pensive solution to the wireless operator or wirless network manager for cover-
age/capacity upgrades and private microcell applications.
• What is twisted pair cable? Will it pick up spurious emissions?
Twisted pair (TP) cable is the standard cable that you find at the back of your com-
puter for the network hookup. TP cable is the most ubiquitous cable in any office
building. Furthermore, TP cable is inexpensive and easy to install. The twisting
nature of the cable creates a transmission line for efficient signal transfer and rejec-
tion of spurious emissions The LGCell uses a state-of-the-art common-mode rejec-
tion device that reduces pickup of spurious emissions on a TP cable by a factor of
10,000.
• Can a single LGCell simultaneously support multiple access standards (such as
800 AMPS/TDMA?
Yes. The LGCell is a frequency selective product. The LGCell system is transpar-
ent to the protocol that the base station and mobile unit use. You can view the
entire system with all the cables together as a frequency selective repeater with a
specified gain.
• What is the bandwidth of the LGCell?
LGCell passes selected frequencies to minimize amplification of unwanted signals.
Refer to the data specifications for the RF bandwidth of the system.
Another interpretation of bandwidth is the amount of data that the LGCell system
can transmit. The microcellular or macrocellular base station to which the LGCell
is connected limits the bandwidth or capacity of the LGCell, which is independent
of the wireless protocol and service. Total, composite output power and spurious
emissions are the only constraints that limit the number of channels that an RAU
can radiate. Furthermore, the LGCell system will not limit the data rate of the mod-
ulation transmitted through the system.
Frequently Asked Questions
D-2 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40
620004-0 Rev. B
• Can the LGCell support multiband operation?
The LGCell provides a wide variety of single-band products, including the U.S.
800 MHz, European GSM 900, DCS 1800, Korean PCS 1800, U.S. PCS 1900 sys-
tems, and iDEN. You can use these systems together to provide multiband ser-
vices. In addition, LGC has dual band 800/1900, 900/1800, and 1800/1800 LGCell
systems available.
Additionally, an LGCell neutral host configuration can simultaneously support
multiple bands and protocols.
• Can the LGCell system share the same UTP Category 5 cable with the Ethernet
network?
No. The LGCell system can use the existing unused cabling inside the building;
however, you cannot use the same cable to connect an RAU and a computer.
• What is the minimum power input to the Main Hub?
Refer to link budget calculation for the minimum acceptable power required to
provide the desired levels of RF coverage..
• What is the minimum detectable power of an RAU?
The minimum detectable power of system with 1 RAU is –114 dBm in a 30 kHz
bandwidth, –106 dBm in a 200 kHz bandwidth, and –98 dBm in a 1.25 MHz band-
width. These figures do not take into account the processing gain of different
access standards, which could decrease the minimum levels.
• What is the difference between connecting the LGCell to a roof-mounted
antenna and to a microcellular base station?
Connecting the LGCell to a roof-mounted antenna increases the coverage of the
indoor environment. Connecting the LGCell to a microcellular base station
improves both the coverage and the capacity in the building and might also provide
a private wireless office application for the customer.
• Does each Main Hub require a separate coaxial feed to the base station?
A typical RF input power per channel to the Main Hub is 0 dBm. This provides a
lot of margin (link budget margin) for interfacing with antennas through a base sta-
tion that typically has an output power of 20 dBm. Therefore, a power com-
biner/splitter might be installed between the Main Hub and the base station. This
enables one base station to connect to multiple Main Hubs.
• Can I exceed the 3 dB optical loss in the fiber?
No. Exceeding the 3 dB optical loss in the fiber will result in an unreliable link
indicated by sync alarms.
• Is the multimode fiber step or graded index fiber?
Graded index.
PN 8100-40 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual D-3
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• Can the LGCell use 50µm/125µm multimode optical fiber?
The LGCell is designed for use with 62.5µm/125µm fiber. Use of 50µm/125µm
fiber results in higher optical losses and degraded performance.
• How much space does the Main Hub and Expansion Hub use in a 19 in. rack?
Both units use 1U of rack space.
• Can I connect the LGCell alarms to a base station?
Yes. Use the major alarm contacts only. The base station supplies the return
ground and voltage.
Frequently Asked Questions
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APPENDIX E Glossary
Air Interface A method for formatting data and voice onto radio waves. Common
air interfaces include AMPS, TDMA, CDMA, and GSM.
AIN Advanced Intelligent Network. AINs allow a wireless user to make and receive
phone calls while roaming outside the user’s “home” network. These networks,
which rely on computers and sophisticated switching techniques, also provide
many Personal Communications Service (PCS) features.
Amplitude The distance between high and low points of a waveform or signal.
AMPS Advanced Mobile Phone Service. AMPS is an analog cellular FDMA sys-
tem. It was the basis of the first commercial wireless communication system in
the U.S and has been used in more than 35 other countries worldwide.
Analog The original method of modulating radio signals so they can carry informa-
tion which involves transmitting a continuously variable signal. Amplitude Mod-
ification (AM) and Frequency Modulation (FM) are the most common methods
of analog modulation.
ANSI The American National Standards Institute. A nonprofit, privately funded
membership organization founded in 1918 that reviews and approves standards
developed by other organizations.
Antenna A device for transmitting and/or receiving signals.
Attenuation The decrease in power that occurs when any signal is transmitted.
Attenuation is measured in decibels (dB).
Backhaul A term applied to the process of carrying wireless traffic between the
MSC and the base station.
Base Station The radio transmitter/receiver that maintains communications with
mobile devices within a specific area.
BSC Base Station Controller. A GSM term referring to the device in charge of man-
aging the radio interface in a GSM system, including the allocation and release of
radio channels and hand-off of active calls within the system.
Glossary
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BTA Basic Trading Area. The U.S. and its territories are divided into 493 areas,
called BTAs. These BTAs are composed of a specific list of counties, based on a
system originally developed by Rand McNally. The FCC grants licenses to wire-
less operators to provide service within these BTAs and/or MTAs. (See MTA.)
BTS Base Transceiver Station. A GSM term referring to the group of network
devices that provide radio transmission and reception, including antennas.
C/I Carrier to interference ratio. The ratio of the desired signal strength to the com-
bined interference of all mobile phones using the system. Usually, the interfer-
ence of most concern is that provided by mobile phones using the same channel
in the system. These are referred to as “co-channel interferers.”
CCITT Consultative Committee on International Telephone and Telegraph. This
organization sets international communications standards. The CCITT is now
known as ITU (the parent organization).
CDMA Code Division Multiple Access. A digital wireless access technology that
uses spread-spectrum techniques. Unlike alternative systems, such as GSM, that
use time-division multiplexing (TDM), CDMA does not assign a specific fre-
quency to each user. Instead, every channel uses the full available spectrum.
Individual conversations are assigned a unique code which allows the conversa-
tion to be spread out over multiple channels; transmitted to the far end; and
re-assembled for the recipient using a specific code.
CDPD Cellular Digital Packet Data. CDPD allows data transmission over the ana-
log wireless network. CDPD breaks data into packets and transmits these packets
on idle portions of the network.
Cell A cell defines a specific, physical area of coverage of a portion of a wireless
system. It is the basic “building block” of all modern wireless communications
systems.
Cell Site A term which refers to the location of the transmission equipment (e.g.,
basestation) within the cell.
CEPT Conference of European Postal and Telecommunications Administrations.
This organization’s mandate is to define pan-European wireless communications
standards. In 1982, CEPT mandated GSM as the access protocol for public wire-
less communications systems across Europe.
Channel The path along which a communications signal is transmitted. Channels
may be simplex (communication occurs in only one direction), duplex (commu-
nication occurs in both directions) or full duplex (communication occurs in both
directions simultaneously).
Circuit A communication connection between two or more points. A circuit can
transmit either voice or data.
CO Central Office. The main switching facility for a telecommunications system.
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CTIA Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association. The CTIA is an industry
association made up of most of the wireless carriers and other industry players. It
was formed in 1984 to promote the cellular industry and cellular technology.
D-AMPS Digital Advanced Mobile Phone Service. See IS-54.
dB Decibel. A unit for expressing the ratio of two amounts of power. It is often used
in wireless to describe the amount of power loss in a system (i.e., the ratio of
transmitted power to received power).
DCS Digital Communications System. DCS is often called “upbanded GSM” since
it is the GSM access scheme adopted to operate in the 1700–1800 MHz portion
of the spectrum.
Digital A method of storing, processing, and transmitting information by represent-
ing information as “0s” and “1s” via electrical pulses. Digital systems have
largely replaced analog systems because they can carry more data at higher speed
than analog transmission systems.
Electromagnetic Spectrum Electrical wave forms in frequency ranges as low as
535 kHz (AM radio) and as high as 29 GHz (cable TV).
ESMR Enhanced Specialized Mobile Radio. Digital mobile telephone services
offered to the public over channels previously used for two-way analog dispatch
services. ESMR provides digital mobile radio and telephone service as well as
messaging and dispatch features.
ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute. ETSI was established in
1988 to set standards for Europe in telecommunications, broadcasting and office
information technology.
FCC Federal Communications Commission. In the United States, the FCC is
responsible for the management and regulation of communication policy for all
public communications services, including wireless.
FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access. A wireless access protocol that
assigns each user a specific radio channel for use. Since FDMA only supports
one user (or conversation) on each channel, it does not maximize use of the spec-
trum and is therefore largely been superseded by other access protocols (such as
CDMA, TDMA, GSM, iDEN) that support multiple users on a single channel.
Frequency Hopping A wireless signal transmission technique whereby the fre-
quency used to carry a signal is periodically changed, according to a predeter-
mined code, to another frequency.
Fixed An ITU definition for radio communications between specified fixed points.
Point-to-point high-frequency circuits and microwave links are two examples of
fixed applications.
FM Frequency Modulation. A method of transmitting information in which the fre-
quency of the carrier is modified according to a plan agreed to by the transmitter
and the receiver. FM can be either analog or digital.
Glossary
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Forward Channel Refers to the radio channel that sends information from the base
station to the mobile station. (See Reverse Channel.)
Frequency The number of times an electrical signal repeats an identical cycle in a
unit of time, normally one second. One Hertz (Hz) is one cycle per second.
Frequency re-use The ability to use the same frequencies repeatedly across a cellu-
lar system. Because each cell is designed to use radio frequencies only within its
boundaries, the same frequencies can be reused in other cells not far away with
little potential for interference. The reuse of frequencies is what enables a cellu-
lar system to handle a huge number of calls with a limited number of channels.
Gain The increase in power that occurs when any signal is amplified, usually
through an amplifier or antenna.
GHz Gigahertz. A measure of frequency equal to one billion hertz.
GSM Groupe Speciale Mobile (now translated in English as Global Standard for
Mobile Communications). GSM is the digital wireless standard used throughout
Europe, in much of Asia, as well as by some operators in the U.S. and South
America.
Handoff The process by which the wireless system passes a wireless phone conver-
sation from one radio frequency in one cell to another radio frequency in another
as the caller moves between two cells. In most systems today, this handoff is per-
formed so quickly that callers don’t notice.
Hertz A measurement of electromagnetic energy, equivalent to one “wave” per sec-
ond. Hertz is abbreviated as “Hz”.
iDEN Integrated Digital Enhanced Network. A TDMA-based wireless access tech-
nology that combines two-way radio, telephone, text message, and data transmis-
sion into one network. This system was developed by Motorola. In the U.S.,
iDEN is used by Nextel in its network.
IEEE The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. The world’s largest
technical professional society with members from more than 130 countries. The
IEEE works to advance the theory and practice of electrical, electronics, com-
puter engineering and computer science.
Infrastructure A term used to encompass all of the equipment, including both hard-
ware and software, used in a communications network.
IS-54 Interim Standard-54. A U.S. TDMA cellular standard that operates in the
800 MHz or 1900 MHz band. IS-54 was the first U.S. digital cellular standard. It
was adopted by the CTIA in 1990.
IS-95 Interim Standard-95. A U.S. CDMA cellular standard that operates in the
800 MHz or 1900 MHz band. This standard was developed by Qualcomm and
adopted by the CTIA in 1993.
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IS-136 Interim Standard-136. A U.S. TDMA cellular standard based on IS-54 that
operates in the 800 MHz or 1900 MHz band.
IS-553 Interim Standard-533. The U.S. analog cellular (AMPS) air interface stan-
dard.
ITU International Telecommunications Union. The ITU is the principal interna-
tional standards organization. It is charted by the United Nations and it estab-
lishes international regulations governing global telecommunications networks
and services. Its headquarters are in Geneva, Switzerland.
LMDS Local Multipoint Distribution Services. LMDS provides line-of-sight cover-
age over distances up to 3–5 kilometers and operates in the 28 GHz portion of the
spectrum. It can deliver high speed, high bandwidth services such as data and
video applications.
Local Loop A communication channel (usually a physical phone line) between a
subscriber’s location and the network’s Central Office.
MHz Megahertz. One million Hertz. One MHz equals one million cycles per sec-
ond.
Microcell A network cell designed to serve a smaller area than larger macrocells.
Microcells are smaller and lower powered than macrocells. As the subscriber
base increases, operators must continue to increase the number of cells in their
network to maximize channel re-use. This has led to an increasing number of
microcells being deployed in wireless networks.
Microwave Electromagnetic waves with frequencies above 1 GHz. Microwave
communications are used for line-of-sight, point-to-point, or point-to-multipoint
communications.
MSA Metropolitan Statistical Area. The FCC has established 306 MSAs in the U.S.
The MSAs represent the largest population centers in the U.S. At least two wire-
less operators are licensed in each MSA.
MSC Mobile Services Switching Center. A generic term for the main cellular
switching center in the wireless communications network.
MSS Mobile Satellite Service. Communications transmission service provided by
satellites. A single satellite can provide coverage to the entire United States.
MTA Major Trading Area. The U.S. and its territories are divided into 51 MTAs.
Each MTA is composed of a specific number of BTAs. The FCC grants licenses
to wireless operators to provide service within these MTAs and/or BTAs. (See
BTA.)
Multiplexing The simultaneous transmission of two or more signals on the same
radio (or other) transmission facility.
N-AMPS Narrowband Advanced Mobile Phone Service.
Glossary
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PCMCIA Personal Computer Memory Card International Association. This acro-
nym is used to refer to credit card sized packages containing memory, I/O
devices and other capabilities for use in Personal Computers, handheld comput-
ers and other devices.
PCS Personal Communications Service. A vague label applied to new-generation
mobile communication technology that uses the narrow band and broadband
spectrum recently allocated in the 1.9 GHz band.
PDA Personal Digital Assistant. Portable computing devices that are extremely por-
table and that offer a variety of wireless communication capabilities, including
paging, electronic mail, stock quotations, handwriting recognition, facsimile, cal-
endar, and other information handling capabilities.
PDC Personal Digital Cellular (formerly Japanese Digital Cellular). A
TDMA-based digital cellular standard that operates in the 1500 MHz band.
Phase The particular angle of inflection of a wave at a precise moment in time. It is
normally measured in terms of degrees.
PHS Personal Handyphone System. A wireless telephone standard, developed and
first deployed in Japan. It is a low mobility, small-cell system.
POP Short for “population”. One person equals one POP.
POTS Plain Old Telephone Service.
PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network. Refers to the international telephone
system and includes both local and long distance networks.
Reverse Channel Refers to the radio channel that sends information from a mobile
station to a base station. (See Forward Channel.)
RF Radio Frequency. Those frequencies in the electromagnetic spectrum that are
associated with radio wave propagation.
Roaming The ability to use a wireless phone to make and receive calls in places
outside one's home calling area.
RSA Rural Service Area. One of the 428 FCC-designated rural markets across the
United States used as license areas for cellular licenses. (See MTAs and BTAs.)
Sector A portion of a cell. Often, different sectors within the same cell will each use
a different set of frequencies to maximize spectrum utilization.
Signal to Noise Ratio The ratio of signal power to noise power at a given point in a
given system.
Smart Antenna Refers to an antenna whose signal handling characteristics change
as signal conditions change.
Soft Handoff Virtually undetectable by the user, soft handoff allows both the origi-
nal cell and a new cell to serve a call temporarily during the handoff transition.
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Spectrum The range of electromagnetic frequencies.
Spread Spectrum A method of transmitting a signal over a broad range of frequen-
cies and then re-assembling the transmission at the far end. This technique
reduces interference and increases the number of simultaneous conversations
within a given radio frequency band.
T-1 A North American commercial digital transmission standard. A T-1 connection
uses time division multiplexing to carry 24 digital voice or data channels over
copper wire.
TDMA Time Division Multiple Access. A method of digital wireless communica-
tions that allows multiple users to access (in sequence) a single radio frequency
channel without interference by allocating unique time slots to each user within
each channel.
TIA Telecommunications Industry Association.
TR-45 One of six committees of the Telecommunications Industry Association.
TR-45 oversees the standard making process for wireless telecommunications.
Upbanded A service or technology that has been re-engineered to operate at a
higher frequency than originally designed.
Wireless Describes any radio-based system that allows transmission of voice and/or
data signals through the air without a physical connection, such as a metal wire
or fiber optic cable.
Wireline Wire paths that use metallic conductors to provide electrical connections
between components of a system, such as a communication system.
WLANs Wireless Local Area Networks. Technology that provides wireless com-
munications to Portable Computer users over short distances.
Glossary
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