ADC Telecommunications UNS-819RAU-1 In-Building RF Distribution System User Manual
ADC Telecommunications Inc. In-Building RF Distribution System
User Manual
PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
InterReach Unison
TM
®
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
This manual is produced for use by LGC Wireless personnel, licensees, and customers. The
information contained herein is the property of LGC Wireless. No part of this document
may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
for any purpose, without the express written permission of LGC Wireless.
LGC Wireless reserves the right to make changes, without notice, to the specifications and
materials contained herein, and shall not be responsible for any damages caused by reliance
on the material as presented, including, but not limited to, typographical and listing errors.
Your comments are welcome – they help us improve our products and documentation.
Please address your comments to LGC Wireless, Inc. corporate headquarters in San Jose,
California:
Address 2540 Junction Avenue
San Jose, California
95134-1902 USA
Attn: Marketing Dept.
Phone 1-408-952-2400
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Help Hot Line 1-800-530-9960 (U.S. only)
+1-408-952-2400 (International)
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Copyright © 2001-2002 by LGC Wireless, Inc. Printed in USA. All rights reserved.
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All trademarks identified by ™ or ® are trademarks or registered trademarks of LGC
Wireless, Inc. All other trademarks belong to their respective owners.
PN 8700-10 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
620003-0 Rev. B
Limited Warranty
Seller warrants articles of its manufacture against defective materials or workmanship for a
period of one year from the date of shipment to Purchaser, except as provided in any warranty
applicable to Purchaser on or in the package containing the Goods (which warranty takes
precedence over the following warranty). The liability of Seller under the foregoing warranty
is limited, at Seller’s option, solely to repair or replacement with equivalent Goods, or an
appropriate adjustment not to exceed the sales price to Purchaser, provided that (a) Seller is
notified in writing by Purchaser, within the one year warranty period, promptly upon
discovery of defects, with a detailed description of such defects, (b) Purchaser has obtained a
Return Materials Authorization (RMA) from Seller, which RMA Seller agrees to provide
Purchaser promptly upon request, (c) the defective Goods are returned to Seller,
transportation and other applicable charges prepaid by the Purchaser, and (d) Seller’s
examination of such Goods discloses to its reasonable satisfaction that defects were not
caused by negligence, misuse, improper installation, improper maintenance, accident or
unauthorized repair or alteration or any other cause outside the scope of Purchaser’s warranty
made hereunder. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Seller shall have the option to repair any
defective Goods at Purchaser’s facility. The original warranty period for any Goods that have
been repaired or replaced by seller will not thereby be extended. In addition, all sales will be
subject to standard terms and conditions on the sales contract.
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
PN8700-10 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual i
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Table of Contents
SECTION 1 General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
1.1 Purpose and Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
1.2 Conventions in this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
1.3 Acronyms in this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5
1.4 Standards Conformance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7
1.5 Related Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7
SECTION 2 InterReach™ Unison System Description . . . . 2-1
2.1 System Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
2.2 System OA&M Capabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
2.2.1 OA&M Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7
2.2.2 Using Alarm Contact Closures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9
2.3 System Connectivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10
2.4 System Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11
2.5 System Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12
2.5.1 Physical Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12
2.5.2 InterReach Unison Wavelength and Laser Power . . . . . . . . . 2-13
2.5.3 Environmental Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13
2.5.4 Operating Frequencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13
2.5.5 RF End-to-End Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14
SECTION 3 Unison Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
3.1 Main Hub Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
3.1.1 Optical Fiber Uplink/Downlink Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
3.1.2 Communications RS-232 Serial Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
3.1.3 LED Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4
3.2 Main Hub Rear Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7
3.2.1 Main Hub Rear Panel Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8
3.3 Faults and Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9
3.4 Main Hub Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10
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SECTION 4 Unison Expansion Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
4.1 Expansion Hub Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
4.1.1 RJ-45 Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
4.1.2 Optical Fiber Uplink/Downlink Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
4.1.3 LED Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
4.2 Expansion Hub Rear Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6
4.3 Faults and Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7
4.4 Expansion Hub Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8
SECTION 5 Unison Remote Access Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1
5.1 Remote Access Unit Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3
5.1.1 SMA Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3
5.1.2 RJ-45 Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3
5.2 LED Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
5.3 Faults and Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5
5.4 Remote Access Unit Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5
SECTION 6 Designing a Unison Solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1
6.1 Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3
6.2 Estimating RF Coverage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-16
6.2.1 Path Loss Equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-17
6.2.2 Coverage Distance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-18
6.2.3 Examples of Design Estimates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-23
6.3 System Gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-27
6.3.1 System Gain (Loss) Relative to ScTP Cable Length . . . . . . . 6-27
6.4 Link Budget Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-28
6.4.1 Elements of a Link Budget for Narrowband Standards . . . . . 6-29
6.4.2 Narrowband Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell
Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-31
6.4.3 Elements of a Link Budget for CDMA Standards . . . . . . . . . 6-33
6.4.4 Spread Spectrum Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell
Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-36
6.4.5 Considerations for Re-Radiation (over-the-air) Systems . . . . 6-40
6.5 Optical Power Budget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-41
6.6 Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-42
6.6.1 Attenuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-43
6.6.2 Uplink Attenuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-44
6.7 Designing for a Neutral Host System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-46
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SECTION 7 Installing Unison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1
7.1 Installation Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1
7.1.1 Component Location Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1
7.1.2 Cable and Connector Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1
7.1.3 Multiple Operator System Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2
7.1.4 Distance Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2
7.2 Safety Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3
7.2.1 Installation Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3
7.2.2 General Safety Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3
7.2.3 Fiber Port Safety Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-4
7.3 Preparing for System Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-5
7.3.1 Pre-Installation Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-5
7.3.2 Installation Checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-6
7.3.3 Tools and Materials Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-8
7.3.4 Optional Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-9
7.4 Unison Component Installation Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-10
7.4.1 Installing a Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-12
7.4.2 Installing Expansion Hubs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-19
7.4.3 Installing RAUs and Passive Antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-27
7.4.4 Configuring the System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-30
7.5 Splicing Fiber Optic Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-31
7.5.1 Fusion Splices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-31
7.6 Interfacing a Main Hub to a Base Station or a Roof-top
Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-33
7.6.1 Connecting Multiple Main Hubs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-37
7.7 Connecting Contact Alarms to a Unison System . . . . . . . . . 7-41
7.7.1 Alarm Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-42
7.7.2 Alarm Sense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-45
7.7.3 Alarm Cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-46
7.8 Alarm Monitoring Connectivity Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-48
7.8.1 Direct Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-48
7.8.2 Modem Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-49
7.8.3 232 Port Expander Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-50
7.8.4 POTS Line Sharing Switch Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-51
7.8.5 Ethernet and ENET/232 Serial Hub Connection . . . . . . . . . . 7-52
SECTION 8 Replacing Unison Components in an
Operational System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1
8.1 Replacing an RAU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1
8.2 Replacing an Expansion Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3
8.3 Replacing a Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-4
iv InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN8700-10
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SECTION 9 Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and
Technical Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1
9.1 Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1
9.2 Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2
9.3 Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-3
9.3.1 Troubleshooting using AdminManager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-4
9.3.2 Troubleshooting using LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-15
9.4 Troublshooting Cat-5/6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-20
9.5 Technical Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-22
APPENDIX A Cables and Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1
A.1 Cat-5/6 Cable (ScTP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-1
A.2 Fiber Optical Cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-3
A.3 Coaxial Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-3
A.4 Standard Modem Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-3
A.5 DB-9 to DB-9 Null Modem Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-4
A.6 DB-25 to DB-9 Null Modem Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-5
APPENDIX B InterReach Unison Property Sheet . . . . . . . . . . B-1
APPENDIX C Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1
APPENDIX D Release Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-1
D.1 Unison Release 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-1
D.2 Compatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-2
D.3 New Capabilites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-3
APPENDIX E Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-1
PN8700-10 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual v
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List of Figures
Figure 2-1 Unison System Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
Figure 2-2 OA&M Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
Figure 2-3 Local System Monitoring and Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7
Figure 2-4 Remote System Monitoring and Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8
Figure 2-5 Unison’s Double Star Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10
Figure 3-1 Main Hub in a Unison System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
Figure 3-2 Main Hub Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
Figure 3-3 Main Hub Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
Figure 3-4 Main Hub Rear Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7
Figure 4-1 Expansion Hub in a Unison System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
Figure 4-2 Expansion Hub Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
Figure 4-3 Expansion Hub Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
Figure 4-4 Expansion Hub Rear Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6
Figure 5-1 Remote Access Unit in a Unison System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1
Figure 5-2 Remote Access Unit Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2
Figure 6-1 Determining Path Loss between the Antenna and the Wireless Device 6-16
Figure 6-2 Connecting Main Hubs to a Simplex Base Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-42
Figure 6-3 Main Hub to Duplex Base Station or Repeater Connections . . . . . . . . 6-43
Figure 7-1 Simplex Base Station to a Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-33
Figure 7-2 Duplex Base Station to a Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-34
Figure 7-3 Connecting a Main Hub to Multiple Base Stations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-35
Figure 7-4 Connecting Two Main Hubs to a Simplex Repeater or Base Station . 7-38
Figure 7-5 Connecting Two Main Hubs to a Duplex Repeater or Base Station . . 7-40
Figure 7-6 Connecting MetroReach to Unison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-42
Figure 7-7 Using a BTS to Monitor Unison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-43
Figure 7-8 Using a BTS and OpsConsole to Monitor Unison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-44
Figure 7-9 Connecting LGCell to Unison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-45
Figure 7-10 5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-46
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Figure 7-11 Alarm Sense Adapter Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-47
Figure 7-12 OA&M Direct Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-48
Figure 7-13 OA&M Modem Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-49
Figure 7-14 OA&M Connection using a 232 Port Expander . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-50
Figure 7-15 OA&M Connection using a POTS Line Sharing Switch . . . . . . . . . . . 7-51
Figure 7-16 Cascading Line Sharing Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-51
Figure 7-17 OA&M Connection using Ethernet and ENET/232 Serial Hub . . . . . . 7-52
Figure A-1 Wiring Map for Cat-5/6 Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-2
Figure A-2 Standard Modem Cable Pinout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-3
Figure A-3 DB-9 Female to DB-9 Female Null Modem Cable Diagram . . . . . . . .A-4
Figure A-4 DB-25 Male to DB-9 Female Null Modem Modem Cable Diagram . .A-5
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List of Tables
Table 2-1 AdminManager and OpsConsole Functional Differences . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
Table 2-2 AdminManager and OpsConsole Connectivity Differences . . . . . . . . . 2-6
Table 2-3 Cellular RF End-to-End Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14
Table 2-4 iDEN RF End-to-End Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14
Table 2-5 GSM/EGSM RF End-to-End Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15
Table 2-6 DCS RF End-to-End Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15
Table 2-7 PCS RF End-to-End Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16
Table 2-8 UMTS RF End-to-End Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16
Table 3-1 Main Hub Status LED States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5
Table 3-2 Main Hub Port LED States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6
Table 3-3 Main Hub Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10
Table 4-1 Expansion Hub Unit Status and DL/UL Status LED States . . . . . . . . . 4-4
Table 4-2 Expansion Hub Port LED States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
Table 4-3 Expansion Hub Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8
Table 5-1 Frequency Bands covered by Unison RAUs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3
Table 5-2 Remote Access Unit LED States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
Table 5-3 Remote Access Unit Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5
Table 6-1 800 MHz (AMPS) Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4
Table 6-2 800 MHz (TDMA) Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5
Table 6-3 800 MHz (CDMA) Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6
Table 6-4 800 MHz (iDEN) Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6
Table 6-5 900 MHz (GSM or EGSM) Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-7
Table 6-6 900 MHz (EDGE) Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8
Table 6-7 1800 MHz (DCS) Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-9
Table 6-8 1800 MHz (EDGE) Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10
Table 6-9 1800 MHz (CDMA Korea) Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10
Table 6-10 1900 MHz (TDMA) Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-11
Table 6-11 1900 MHz (GSM) Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-12
viii InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
Table 6-12 1900 MHz (CDMA) Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-12
Table 6-13 1900 MHz (EDGE) Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-13
Table 6-14 2.1 GHz (UMTS) Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-13
Table 6-15 Paging/SMR Power per Carrier: Analog FM, CQPSK, C4FM . . . . . . 6-14
Table 6-16 Paging/SMR Power per Carrier: Mobitex, POCSAG/Reflex . . . . . . . 6-14
Table 6-17 Coaxial Cable Losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-16
Table 6-18 Average Signal Loss of Common Building Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-17
Table 6-19 Estimated Path Loss Slope for Different In-Building Environments . 6-18
Table 6-20 Frequency Bands and the Value of the first Term in Equation (3) . . . 6-19
Table 6-21 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna
for 800 MHz Cellular Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-20
Table 6-22 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna
for 800 MHz iDEN Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-20
Table 6-23 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna
for 900 MHz GSM Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-20
Table 6-24 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna
for 900 MHz EGSM Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-21
Table 6-25 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna
for 1800 MHz DCS Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-21
Table 6-26 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna
for 1800 MHz CDMA (Korea) Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-21
Table 6-27 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna
for 1900 MHz PCS Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-22
Table 6-28 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna
for 2.1 GHz UMTS Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-22
Table 6-29 System Gain (Loss) Relative to ScTP Cable Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-27
Table 6-30 Link Budget Considerations for Narrowband Systems . . . . . . . . . . . 6-29
Table 6-31 Distribution of Power within a CDMA Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-33
Table 6-32 Additional Link Budget Considerations for CDMA . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-34
Table 6-33 Unison Capacity: Equal Coverage Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-48
Table 7-1 Unison Distance Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2
Table 7-2 Installation Checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-6
Table 7-3 Tools and Materials Required for Component Installation . . . . . . . . . . 7-8
Table 7-4 Optional Accessories for Component Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-9
Table 7-5 Troubleshooting Main Hub LEDs During Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-17
Table 7-6 Troubleshooting Expansion Hub LEDs During Installation . . . . . . . 7-25
Table 7-7 Troubleshooting RAU LEDs During Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-29
Table 9-1 Faults Reported by the Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-4
Table 9-2 Faults Reported by the Expansion Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-7
Table 9-3 Remote Access Unit Faults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-10
PN8700-10 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual ix
620003-0 Rev. B
Table 9-4 Main Hub Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-11
Table 9-5 Expansion Hub Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-11
Table 9-6 Remote Access Unit Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-11
Table 9-7 Main Hub Status Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-12
Table 9-8 Expansion Hub Status Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-13
Table 9-9 Remote Access Unit Status Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-14
Table 9-10 Troubleshooting Main Hub Port LEDs During Normal Operation . . 9-16
Table 9-11 Troubleshooting Main Hub Status LEDs During Normal Operation . 9-17
Table 9-12 Troubleshooting Expansion Hub Port LEDs During Normal
Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-18
Table 9-13 Troubleshooting Expansion Hub Status LEDs During Normal
Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-19
Table 9-14 Summary of Cat-5/6 Cable Wiring Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-20
Table A-1 Cat-5/6 Twisted Pair Assignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1
Table A-2 DB-9 Female to DB-9 Female Null Modem Cable Pinout . . . . . . . . . . A-4
Table A-3 DB-25 Male to DB-9 Female Null Modem Cable Pinout . . . . . . . . . . . A-5
Table D-1 Unison Release 4 Line-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-1
Table D-2 Hardware/Firmware/Software Release Compatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-2
xInterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
PN 8700-10 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual 1-1
620003-0 Rev. B
SECTION 1 General Information
This section contains the following subsections:
• Section 1.1 Purpose and Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
• Section 1.2 Conventions in this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
• Section 1.3 Acronyms in this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5
• Section 1.4 Standards Conformance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7
• Section 1.5 Related Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7
1-2 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
1.1 Purpose and Scope
This document describes the InterReachTM Unison system components.
• Section 2 InterReach™ Unison System Description
An overview of the Unison hardware and OA&M capabilities is provided in this
section. This section also contains system specifications and RF end-to-end perfor-
mance tables.
• Section 3 Unison Main Hub
The Main Hub is illustrated and described in this section. Connector and LED
descriptions, communication cable (serial and null modem) pin outs, and unit spec-
ifications are included.
• Section 4 Unison Expansion Hub
The Expansion Hub is illustrated and described in this section. Connector and LED
descriptions, and unit specifications are included.
• Section 5 Unison Remote Access Unit
The Remote Access Unit is illustrated and described in this section. Connector and
LED descriptions, and unit specifications are included.
• Section 6 Designing a Unison Solution
This section provides tools to aid you in designing your Unison system, including
tables of the maximum output power per carrier at the RAU and formulas and
tables for calculating path loss, coverage distance, and link budget.
• Section 7 Installing Unison
Installation procedures, requirements, safety precautions, and checklists are pro-
vided in this section. The installation procedures include guidelines for trouble-
shooting using the LEDs as you install the units.
• Section 8 Replacing Unison Components in an Operational System
This section provides installation procedures and considerations when you are
replacing a Unison component in an operating system.
• Section 9 Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical Assistance
Contact information and troubleshooting tables are provided in this section.
• Appendix A Cables and Connectors
Connector and cable descriptions and requirements are provided in this section.
Additionally, cable pin outs and diagrams are given.
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 1-3
620003-0 Rev. B
• Appendix B InterReach Unison Property Sheet
This section contains a form that you can use during installation to record serial
numbers, gain settings, system band, RAU attenuation, and unit installation loca-
tion. This information is required for the final As-Built documentation.
• Appendix C Compliance
Safety and Radio/EMC approvals are listed in this section.
• Appendix D Release Notes
A hardware/firmware/software compatibility table is provided in this section.
• Appendix E Glossary
The Glossary provides definitions of commonly-used RF and wireless networking
terms.
1-4 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
1.2 Conventions in this Manual
The following table lists the type style conventions used in this manual.
Measurements are listed first in metric units, followed by U.S. Customary System of
units in parentheses. For example:
0° to 45°C (32° to 113°F)
The following symbols are used to highlight certain information as described.
NOTE: This format is used to emphasize text with special significance or
importance, and to provide supplemental information.
CAUTION: This format is used when a given action or omitted
action can cause or contribute to a hazardous condition. Damage to
the equipment can occur.
WARNING: This format is used when a given action or omitted action
can result in catastrophic damage to the equipment or cause injury to
the user.
Procedure
This format is used to highlight a procedure.
Convention Description
bold Used for emphasis
BOLD CAPS Labels on equipment
SMALL CAPS AdminManager window buttons
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620003-0 Rev. B
1.3 Acronyms in this Manual
Acronym Definition
AGC automatic gain control
ALC automatic level control
AMPS Advanced Mobile Phone Service
BTS base transceiver station
Cat-5/6 Category 5 or Category 6 (twisted pair cable)
CDMA code division multiple access
CDPD cellular digital packet data
DAS distributed antenna system
dB decibel
dBm decibels relative to 1 milliwatt
DC direct current
DCS Digital Communications System
DL downlink
EDGE Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution
EGSM Extended Global Standard for Mobile Communications
EH Expansion Hub
GHz gigahertz
GPRS General Packet Radio Service
GSM Groupe Speciale Mobile (now translated in English as Global Standard
for Mobile Communications)
Hz hertz
IF intermediate frequency
iDEN Integrated Digital Enhanced Network (Motorola variant of TDMA
wireless)
LAN local area network
LO local oscillator
mA milliamps
MBS microcellular base station
MH Main Hub
MHz megahertz
MMF multi-mode fiber
MTBF mean time between failures
NF noise figure
nm nanometer
1-6 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
OA&M operation, administration, and maintenance
PCS Personal Communication Services
PLL phase-locked loop
PLS path loss slope
RAU Remote Access Unit
RF radio frequency
RSSI received signal strength indicator
SC/APC fiber optic connector complying with NTT SC standard, angle-polished
SMA sub-miniature A connector (coaxial cable connector type)
SMF single-mode fiber
ST straight tip (fiber optic cable connector type)
ScTP screened twisted pair
TDMA time division multiple access
UL uplink; Underwriters Laboratories
uW microwatts
UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
UPS uninterruptable power supply
Wwatt
WCDMA wideband code division multiple access
Acronym Definition
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 1-7
620003-0 Rev. B
1.4 Standards Conformance
• Utilizes the TIA/EIA 568-A Ethernet cabling standards for ease of installation.
• See Appendix C for compliance information.
1.5 Related Publications
• AdminManager User Manual, LGC Wireless part number 8810-10
•OpsConsole User Manual; LGC Wireless part number 8800-10
•MetroReach Focus Configuration, Installation, and Reference Manual; LGC
Wireless part number 8500-10
•LGCell Version 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual; LGC Wireless
part number 8100-50
•LGC Wireless Accessories Catalog; LGC Wireless part number 8600-10
•Neutral Host System Planning Guide; LGC Wireless part number 9000-10
1-8 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
PN 8700-10 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual 2-1
620003-0 Rev. B
SECTION 2 InterReach™ Unison System
Description
InterReach™ Unison is an intelligent fiber optic/Cat-5/6 wireless networking system
that is designed to handle both wireless voice and data communications and provide
high-quality, ubiquitous, seamless access to the wireless network in any public or pri-
vate facility, including:
• Campus environments
•Airports
• Office buildings
• Shopping malls
• Hospitals
• Subways
• Public facilities (convention centers, sports venues, etc.)
Unlike other wireless distribution alternatives, Unison is an intelligent active system,
using microprocessors to enable key capabilities such as software-selectable band set-
tings, automatic gain control, ability to incrementally adjust downlink/uplink gain,
end-to-end alarming of all components and the associated cable infrastructure, and a
host of additional capabilities.
The Unison system supports major wireless standards and air interface protocols in
use around the world, including:
• Frequencies: 800 MHz, 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, 1900 MHz, 2100 MHz
• Protocols: AMPS, TDMA, CDMA, GSM, iDEN, CDPD, EDGE, GPRS,
WCDMA, CDMA2000, Paging
2-2 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
Key System Features
•Superior RF performance, particularly in the areas of IP3 and noise figure.
•High downlink composite power and low uplink noise figure enables support of
a large number of channels and larger coverage footprint per antenna.
•Software configurable Main and Expansion Hubs. Thus, the frequency band can
be configured in the field.
•Either single-mode or multi-mode fiber can be used, supporting flexible cabling
alternatives (in addition to standard Cat-5 or Cat-6 [Cat-5/6] screened twisted pair
[ScTP]). Cabling type can be selected to meet the resident cabling infrastructure of
the facility and unique building topologies.
•Extended system “reach.” Using single-mode fiber, fiber runs can be as long as
6 kilometers (creating a total system “wingspan” of 12 kilometers). Alternately,
with multi-mode fiber, fiber runs can be as long as 1.5 kilometers. The Cat-5/6
ScTP cable run can be up to 100 meters recommended maximum (150 meters with
RF performance degradation).
•Flexible RF configuration capabilities, including:
• System gain:
– Ability to manually set gain in 1 dB steps, from 0 to 15 dB, on both down-
link and uplink.
• RAU:
– RAU uplink and downlink gain can be independently attenuated 10 dB.
– Uplink level control protects the system from input overload and can be
optimized for either a single operator or multiple operators/protocols.
– VSWR check on RAU reports if there is a disconnected antenna (all RAUs
except UMTS).
•Firmware Updates are downloaded (either locally or remotely) to operating sys-
tems when any modifications are made to the product, including the addition of
new software capabilities/services.
•Extensive OA&M capabilities, including fault isolation to the field replaceable
unit, automatic reporting of all fault and warning conditions, and user-friendly
graphical-user interface OA&M software packages.
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 2-3
620003-0 Rev. B
2.1 System Hardware
The InterReach Unison system consists of three modular components:
• 19" rack-mountable Main Hub (connects to up to 4 Expansion Hubs)
• Converts RF signals to optical on the downlink; optical to RF on the uplink
• Microprocessor controlled (for alarms, monitoring, and control)
• Software configurable band
• Simplex interface to RF source
• System master – periodically polls all downstream units (Expansion
Hubs/RAUs) for system status, and automatically reports any fault or warning
conditions
• 19" rack-mountable Expansion Hub (connects to up to 8 Remote Access Units)
• Converts optical signals to electrical on the downlink; electrical to optical on
the uplink
• Microprocessor controlled (for alarms, monitoring, and control)
• Software configurable band (based on command from Main Hub)
• Supplies DC power to RAU
•Remote Access Unit (RAU)
• Converts electrical signals to RF on the downlink; RF to electrical on the
uplink
• Microprocessor controlled (for alarms, monitoring, and control)
• Protocol/band specific units
The minimum configuration of a Unison system is one Main Hub, one Expansion
Hub, and one RAU (1-1-1). The maximum configuration of a system is one Main
Hub, four Expansion Hubs, and 32 RAUs (1-4-32). Multiple systems can be com-
bined to provide larger configurations.
Figure 2-1 Unison System Hardware
2-4 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
2.2 System OA&M Capabilities
The InterReach Unison is microprocessor controlled and contains firmware which
enables much of the OA&M functionality.
Complete alarming, down to the field replaceable unit (i.e., Main Hub, Expansion
Hub, Remote Access Unit) and the cabling infrastructure, is available. All events
occurring in a system, defined as a Main Hub and all of its associated Expansion
Hubs and Remote Access Units, are automatically reported to the Main Hub. The
Main Hub monitors system status and communicates that status using the following
methods:
• Normally closed (NC) alarm contact closures can be tied to standard NC alarm
monitoring systems or directly to a base station for alarm monitoring.
• The Main Hub’s front panel serial port connects directly to a PC (for local access)
or to a modem (for remote access).
Figure 2-2 OA&M Communications
PSTN
RS-232
RS-232 Ethernet
PC/Laptop
running
Modem
Main Hub
Modem
Main Hub
RS-232
ENET/232
Converter
Cat-5/6
RS-232
SC/APC
Main Hub
SC/APC
RJ-45
Expansion Hub
RJ-45
Remote Access Unit
Fiber
Main Hub
AdminManager
or OpsConsole
Use AdminManager to configure
Use OpsConsole to monitor
and receive communications from
remote or local Unison systems.
or monitor a local Unison system.
Remotely, AdminManager can only
check system status, it cannot
receive modem calls.
TCP/IP
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 2-5
620003-0 Rev. B
LGC Wireless offers two OA&M packages AdminManager and OpsConsole.
• The AdminManager software is provided with Unison. It runs on a PC/laptop and
communicates with one Main Hub, and its downstream units, at a time.
• Connected directly to the Main Hub’s front panel RS-232 connector, you can
access the Installation Wizard which lets you configure a newly installed sys-
tem, or you can access the Configuration & Maintenance panel which lets you
query system status, configure a newly added or swapped unit, or change sys-
tem parameters.
• Connected remotely using a modem, AdminManager initiates communications
with the Main Hub. You can access a read-only Configuration & Maintenance
panel which lets you query system status to help you determine if an on-site
visit is required.
Refer to the AdminManager User Manual (PN 8810-10) for information about
installing and using the AdminManager software.
• Alternately, OpsConsole OA&M software is available separately. OpsConsole lets
you manage, monitor, and maintain multiple sites and systems from a centralized
remote location. This software is described in the OpsConsole User Guide
(PN 8800-10).
The following table lists the functional differences between AdminManager and
OpsConsole.
Table 2-1 AdminManager and OpsConsole Functional Differences
Feature AdminManager OpsConsole
Installation Wizard Yes No
Local System Configuration Yes Yes
Remote System Configuration No Yes
Local Firmware Updating Yes Yes
Save unit information in a database No Yes
Network view of installed systems Yes Yes
Send dispatch message No Yes
Monitor multiple units No Yes
Scheduled polling No Yes
Windows-based GUI application Yes Yes
Runs on Windows 98 SE Yes No
Runs on Windows 2000 Yes Yes
Installation and configuration tool Yes No
Operation, Administration, and Management tool No Yes
2-6 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
Connectivity differences between AdminManager and OpsConsole are listed in the
following table.
Table 2-2 AdminManager and OpsConsole Connectivity Differences
Connectivity AdminManager OpsConsole
Direct RS-232 Yes (COM1 through
COM16)
Yes
RS-232 Expansion Board Yes, if the expansion port
is in the range of COM1
through COM16
Yes
Modem (including RF modem) Yes (read only) Yes
Ethernet/232 serial hub Yes, if the remote COM
port is in the range of
COM1 through COM16
Yes
Line Sharing Switch after POTS Yes (read only) Yes
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 2-7
620003-0 Rev. B
2.2.1 OA&M Software
2.2.1.1 Configuring, Maintaining, and Monitoring Unison Locally
Each Main Hub, Expansion Hub, and RAU in the system constantly monitors itself
and its downstream units for internal fault and warning conditions. The results of this
monitoring are stored in memory and compared against new results.
The Expansion Hubs monitor their RAUs and store their status in memory. The Main
Hub monitors its Expansion Hubs and stores their status and the status of the RAUs in
its memory. When a unit detects a change in status, a fault or warning is reported.
Faults are indicated locally by red status LEDs, and both faults and warnings are
reported to the Main Hub and displayed on a PC/laptop, via the Main Hub’s serial
port, that is running the AdminManager software. Passive antennas that are connected
to the RAUs are not monitored automatically. Perform the System Test in order to
retrieve status information about antennas.
Using AdminManager locally, you can install a new system or new components,
change system parameters, and query system status. The following figure illustrates
how the system reports its status to AdminManager.
Figure 2-3 Local System Monitoring and Reporting
Main
Hub
Expansion
Hub
The Main Hub checks its own status and queries each
Expansion Hub for its status, which includes RAU status.
The Expansion Hub queries its own status
and polls each RAU for its status.
Each RAU passes its status to
the Expansion Hub.
• If a fault is detected, the
ALARM LED is red. If no fault
is detected, the LED is green.
• If a fault or warning condition
is detected, the information is
passed to the Expansion
Hub.
The Expansion Hub queries status
of each RAU and compares it to
previously stored status.
• If a fault is detected, LEDs on
the front panel turn red.
• If a fault or warning condition is
detected in the Expansion Hub
or an RAU, the information is
stored in the Expansion Hub’s
memory until the Main Hub que-
ries its status.
The Main Hub queries
status of each Expansion Hub
and each RAU and compares
it to previously stored status.
• If a fault is detected, LEDs
on the front panel turn red.
• If a fault or warning condi-
tion is detected in any unit,
the Main Hub initiates a call
to AdminManager.
PC/Laptop
running
AdminManager
Use the Admin-
Manager to query
units for their status
or to get current
fault or warning
conditions.
RAU
RAU
2-8 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
2.2.1.2 Monitoring and Maintaining Unison Remotely
• Using AdminManager Remotely
You can use AdminManager to query Unison status via a read-only Configuration
& Maintenance panel. You cannot change system parameters or configure system
components remotely with AdminManager. (Refer to Figure 2-2 on page 2-4.)
•Using OpsConsole Remotely
When monitoring the system remotely, any change of state within the system
causes the Main Hub to initiate an automatic call-out and report the system status
to the OpsConsole. The Main Hub calls out three times, each with a 45 second
interval. If the call is not acknowledged in these three tries, the Main Hub waits 15
minutes and continues the above sequence until the call is acknowledged.
Refer to the OpsConsole User Manual (PN 8800-10) for more information about
using OpsConsole for remote system monitoring.
Figure 2-4 illustrates how the system reports its status to AdminManager and the
OpsConsole.
Figure 2-4 Remote System Monitoring and Reporting
Expansion
Hub
The Expansion Hub queries its own status
and polls each RAU for its status.
Each RAU passes its status to
the Expansion Hub.
• If a fault is detected, the
ALARM LED lights red. If no
fault is detected, the LED is
green.
• If a fault or warning condition
is detected, the information is
passed to the Expansion
Hub.
The Expansion Hub queries
status of each RAU and com-
pares it to previously stored
status.
• If a fault is detected, LEDs on
the front panel turn red.
• If a fault or warning condition
is detected in the Expansion
Hub or an RAU, the informa-
tion is stored in the Expan-
sion Hub’s memory until the
Main Hub queries its status.
The Main Hub queries
status of each Expansion
Hub and each RAU and
compares it to previously
stored status.
• If a fault is detected,
LEDs on the front panel
turn red.
• If a fault or warning con-
dition is detected in any
unit, the Main Hub ini-
tiates a call to OpsCon-
sole.
Use OpsConsole to com-
municate with one or more
remotely or locally installed
systems.
If a fault or warning condi-
tion is reported, the
OpsConsole graphical user
interface indicates the
problem. OpsConsole can
also send an e-mail and/or
page notification to desig-
nated recipients.
RAU
RAU
Modem
Modem
Main
Hub
PC
running
OpsConsole
The Main Hub checks its own status and queries each
Expansion Hub for its status, which includes RAU status.
PSTN
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 2-9
620003-0 Rev. B
2.2.2 Using Alarm Contact Closures
The DB-9 female connector on the rear panel of the Main Hub can be connected to a
local base station or to a daisy-chained series of Unison, LGCell, and/or MetroReach
Focus systems.
• When you connect MetroReach Focus or a BTS to Unison, the Unison Main Hub
is the output of the alarms (alarm source) and MetroReach Focus or the BTS is the
input (alarm sense). This is described in Section 7.7.1 on page 7-42. The following
figure shows using MetroReach Focus as the input of Unison contact closures.
• When you connect LGCell to Unison, the Unison Main Hub is the input of the
alarms (alarm sense) and LGCell is the output (alarm source). This is described in
Section 7.7.2 on page 7-45.
Unison Main Hub
RF OUT
DOWNLINK RF IN
UPLINK
FIBER
UPLINK
DOWNLINK
ALARM
RS-232C
MetroReach
Focus
RFM
Alarm
Sense
Alarm
Source
Alarm
Source
5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable
9-pin Adapter
Up to 5 LGCell Main HubsUnison Main Hub
Alarm
Sense Alarm
Source
Alarm
Source
Alarm Sense
Adapter Cable
5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable
2-10 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
2.3 System Connectivity
The double star architecture of the Unison system, illustrated in the following figure,
provides excellent system scalability and reliability. The system requires only one
pair of fibers for 8 antenna points. This makes any system expansion, such as adding
an extra antenna for additional coverage, potentially as easy as pulling an extra
twisted pair.
Figure 2-5 Unison’s Double Star Architecture
Main Hub
RS-232
PORT 1 PORT 2 PORT 3 PORT 4
Expansion Hub Expansion Hub
Fiber
Expansion Hub
Expansion Hub
Cat-5/6Cat-5/6 Cat-5/6
up to 8 RAUs per Expansion Hub
RAU RAU RAU
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2.4 System Operation
• Downlink (Base Station to Wireless Devices)
• Uplink (Wireless Devices to Base Station)
Main Hub
RAU
The Main Hub receives downlink RF signals
from a base station via coaxial cable.
The Main Hub converts the RF signals to IF, then
to optical signals and sends them to Expansion
Hubs (up to four) via optical fiber cable.
The Expansion Hub converts the optical sig-
nals to electrical signals and sends them to
RAUs (up to eight) via Cat-5/6 ScTP cable.
The RAU converts the IF signals
to RF and sends them to passive
antennas via coaxial cable.
Expansion Hub
Main Hub
RAU
The Main Hub sends
uplink RF signals to a
base station via coaxial
cable.
The Main Hub receives
the optical signals from
the Expansion Hubs (up
to four) via optical fiber
cable and converts
them to RF signals.
The Expansion Hub
receives the IF signals
from the RAUs (up to
eight) via Cat-5/6 ScTP
cable and converts
them to optical signals.
The RAU receives uplink RF
signals from the passive
antenna via coaxial cable and
converts them to IF signals.
Expansion Hub
2-12 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
2.5 System Specifications
2.5.1 Physical Specifications
Parameter Main Hub Expansion Hub Remote Antenna Unit
RF Connectors 2 N-type, female 8 shielded RJ-45, female
(Cat-5/6)
1 shielded RJ-45, female
(Cat-5/6)
1 SMA, male (coaxial)
External Alarm Connector
(contact closure)
1 9-pin D-sub, female — —
Serial Interface Connector 1 RS-232 9-pin D-sub, male — —
Fiber Connectors*
*It is critical to system performance that only SC/APC fiber connectors are used throughout the fiber network, including fiber distribution pan-
els.
4 Pair, SC/APC 1 Pair, SC/APC —
LED Alarm and
Status Indicators
Unit Status (1 pair):
•Power
• Main Hub Status
Downstream Unit Status
(1 pair per fiber port):
•Link
• E-Hub/RAU
Unit Status (1 pair):
•Power
• E-Hub Status
Fiber Link Status (1 pair):
•DL Status
•UL Status
RAU/Link Status
(1 pair per RJ-45 port):
•Link
•RAU
Unit Status (1 pair):
•Link
•Alarm
AC Power (Volts) Rating: 100–240V, 0.5A,
50–60 Hz
Operating Range: 85–250V,
2.4–0.8A, 47–63 Hz
Rating: 115/230V, 5/2.5A,
50–60 Hz
Operating Range:
90–132V/170–250V
auto-ranging,
2.2–1.5A/1.2–0.8A, 47–63 Hz
—
DC Power (Volts) — — 36V (from the Expansion
Hub)
Power Consumption (W) 30 260 (includes 8 RAUs) 11
Enclosure Dimensions†
(height × width × depth)
†Excluding angle-brackets for 19'' rack mounting of hubs.
44.5 mm × 438 mm × 305 mm
(1.75 in. × 17.25 in. × 12 in.)
89 mm × 438 mm × 305 mm
(3.5 in. × 17.25 in. × 12 in.)
44 mm × 305 mm × 158 mm
(1.7 in. × 12 in. × 6.2 in.)
Weight < 3 kg
(< 6.5 lb)
< 5 kg
(< 11 lb)
< 1 kg
(< 2 lb)
MTBF 106,272 hours 78,998 hours 282,207 hours
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 2-13
620003-0 Rev. B
2.5.2 InterReach Unison Wavelength and Laser Power
The following table shows wavelength and laser power according to UL testing per
IEC 60 825-1.
2.5.3 Environmental Specifications
2.5.4 Operating Frequencies
Wavelength
Measured Output Power
Main Hub Expansion Hub
1310 nm ±20 nm 458 uW 1.8 mW
Parameter Main Hub and Expansion Hub RAU
Operating Temperature 0° to +45°C (+32° to +113°F) –25° to +45°C (–13° to +113°F)
Non-operating Temperature –20° to +85°C (–4° to +185°F) –25° to +85°C (–13° to +185°F)
Operating Humidity; non-condensing 5% to 95% 5% to 95%
Freq.
Band Unison
Band Description
RF Passband
Downlink (MHz) Uplink (MHz)
PCS PCS1 A & D Band 1930–1950 1850–1870
PCS PCS2 D & B Band 1945–1965 1865–1885
PCS PCS3 B & E Band 1950–1970 1870–1890
PCS PCS4 E & F Band 1965–1975 1885–1895
PCS PCS5 F & C Band 1970–1990 1890–1910
DCS DCS1 DCS1 Band 1805–1842.5 1710–1747.5
DCS DCS2 DCS2 Band 1842.5–1880 1747.5–1785
DCS DCS3 DCS3 Band 1840–1875 1745–1780
DCS DCS4 DCS4 Band 1815–1850 1720–1755
Cellular CELL – 869–894 824–849
iDEN iDEN – 851–869 806–824
EGSM EGSM – 925–960 880–915
GSM GSM – 935–960 890–915
UMTS UMTS1 – 2110–2145 1920–1955
UMTS UMTS2 – 2125–2160 1935–1970
UMTS UMTS3 – 2135–2170 1945–1980
2-14 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
2.5.5 RF End-to-End Performance
The following tables list the RF end-to-end performance of each protocol when using
2 km of single-mode fiber or 1 km of multi-mode fiber.
Cellular 800 MHz
iDEN 800 MHz
Table 2-3 Cellular RF End-to-End Performance
Parameter
2 km of SMF 1 km of MMF
Typical Typical
Downlink Uplink Downlink Uplink
Average gain with 75 m Cat-5/6 at 25°C (77°F)*
*The system gain is adjustable in 1 dB steps from 0 to 15 dB, and the gain of each RAU can be attenuated 10 dB in one step.
15 dB 15 dB 15 dB 15 dB
Ripple with 75 m Cat-5/6 3 dB 3.5 dB 3 dB 3.5 dB
Output IP3 40 dBm 37 dBm
Input IP3 –7 dBm –10 dBm
Output 1 dB Compression Point 27 dBm 27 dBm
Noise Figure with 1 MH – 1 EH – 8 RAUs configuration 15 dB 15 dB
Noise Figure with 1 MH – 4 EHs – 32 RAUs configuration 21 dB 21 dB
Table 2-4 iDEN RF End-to-End Performance
Parameter
2 km of SMF 1 km of MMF
Typical Typical
Downlink Uplink Downlink Uplink
Average gain with 75 m Cat-5/6 at 25°C (77°F)*
*The system gain is adjustable in 1 dB steps from 0 to 15 dB, and the gain of each RAU can be attenuated 10 dB in one step.
15 dB 15 dB 15 dB 15 dB
Ripple with 75 m Cat-5/6 2 dB 3 dB 2 dB 3 dB
Output IP3 38 dBm 38 dBm
Input IP3 –7 dBm –10 dBm
Output 1 dB Compression Point 26 dBm 26 dBm
Noise Figure with 1 MH – 1 EH – 8 RAUs configuration 17 dB 17 dB
Noise Figure with 1 MH – 4 EHs – 32 RAUs configuration 23 dB 23 dB
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GSM/EGSM 900 MHz
DCS 1800 MHz
Table 2-5 GSM/EGSM RF End-to-End Performance
Parameter
2 km of SMF 1 km of MMF
Typical Typical
Downlink Uplink Downlink Uplink
Average gain with 75 m Cat-5/6 at 25°C (77°F)*
*The system gain is adjustable in 1 dB steps from 0 to 15 dB, and the gain of each RAU can be attenuated 10 dB in one step.
15 dB 15 dB 15 dB 15 dB
Ripple with 75 m Cat-5/6 3 dB 4 dB 3 dB 4 dB
Output IP3 38 dBm 38 dBm
Input IP3 –7 dBm –10 dBm
Output 1 dB Compression Point 26 dBm 26 dBm
Noise Figure with 1 MH – 1 EH – 8 RAU configuration 16 dB 16 dB
Noise Figure with 1 MH – 4 EH – 32 RAU configuration 22 dB 22 dB
Table 2-6 DCS RF End-to-End Performance
Parameter
2 km of SMF 1 km of MMF
Typical Typical
Downlink Uplink Downlink Uplink
Average gain with 75 m Cat-5/6 at 25°C (77°F)*
*The system gain is adjustable in 1 dB steps from 0 to 15 dB, and the gain of each RAU can be attenuated 10 dB in one step.
15 dB 15 dB 15 dB 15 dB
Downlink ripple with 75 m Cat-5/6 2 dB 2 dB
Uplink ripple for center 35 MHz of DCS1 and DCS2,
Full band for DCS3 & DCS4 with 75 m Cat-5/6
2 dB 2 dB
Uplink gain roll off for Full band of DCS1 and DCS2 with
75 m Cat-5/6
2 dB 2 dB
Output IP3 38 dBm 37 dBm
Input IP3 –12 dBm –14 dBm
Output 1 dB Compression Point 26 dBm 26 dBm
Noise Figure with 1 MH – 1 EH – 8 RAU configuration 17 dB 17 dB
Noise Figure with 1 MH – 4 EH – 32 RAU configuration 23 dB 23 dB
2-16 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
PCS 1900 MHz
UMTS 2.1 GHz
Table 2-7 PCS RF End-to-End Performance
Parameter
2 km of SMF 1 km of MMF
Typical Typical
Downlink Uplink Downlink Uplink
Average gain with 75 m Cat-5/6 at 25°C (77°F)*
*The system gain is adjustable in 1 dB steps from 0 to 15 dB, and the gain of each RAU can be attenuated 10 dB in one step.
15 dB 15 dB 15 dB 15 dB
Ripple with 75 m Cat-5/6 2.5 dB 3 dB 2.5 dB 3 dB
Output IP3 38 dBm 36.5 dBm
Input IP3 –12 dBm –14 dBm
Output 1 dB Compression Point 26 dBm 26 dBm
Noise Figure with 1 MH – 1 EH – 8 RAUs configuration 16 dB 16 dB
Noise Figure with 1 MH – 4 EHs – 32 RAUs configuration 22 dB 22 dB
Table 2-8 UMTS RF End-to-End Performance
Parameter
2 km of SMF 1 km of MMF
Typical Typical
Downlink Uplink Downlink Uplink
Average gain with 75 m Cat-5/6 at 25°C (77°F) *
*The system gain is adjustable in 1 dB steps from 0 to 15 dB, and the gain of each RAU can be attenuated 10 dB in one step.
15 dB 15 dB 15 dB 15 dB
Ripple with 75 m Cat-5/6 2.5 dB 4 dB 2.5 dB 4 dB
Output IP3 37 dBm 36 dBm
Input IP3 –12 dBm –12 dBm
Output 1 dB Compression Point 26 dBm 26 dBm
Noise Figure with 1 MH – 1 EH – 8 RAUs configuration 16 dB 16 dB
Noise Figure with 1 MH – 4 EHs – 32 RAUs configuration 22 dB 22 dB
PN 8700-10 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual 3-1
620003-0 Rev. B
SECTION 3 Unison Main Hub
The Main Hub distributes downlink RF signals from a base station, repeater, or
MetroReach Focus system to up to four Expansion Hubs, which in turn distribute the
signals to up to 32 Remote Access Units. The Main Hub also combines uplink signals
from the associated Expansion Hubs.
Figure 3-1 Main Hub in a Unison System
Figure 3-2 gives a detailed view of the major RF and optical functional blocks of the
Main Hub.
Figure 3-2 Main Hub Block Diagram
Unison Main Hub Unison Expansion Hub RAU
Downlink Path: The Main Hub receives downlink RF signals from a base station, repeater, or MetroReach Focus system via
coaxial cable. It converts the signals to IF then to optical and sends them to up to four Expansion Hubs via fiber optic cable.
The Main Hub also sends OA&M communication to the Expansion Hubs via the fiber optic cable. The Expansion Hubs, in
turn, communicate the OA&M information to the RAUs via Cat-5/6 cable.
Uplink Path: The Main Hub receives uplink optical signals from up to four Expansion Hubs via fiber optic cables. It converts
the signals to IF then to RF and sends them to a base station, repeater, or MetroReach Focus system via coaxial cable.
The Main Hub also receives status information from the Expansion Hubs and all RAUs via the fiber optic cable.
Downlink to Main Hub
Uplink from Main Hub
Downlink from Main Hub
Uplink to Main Hub
3-2 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
3.1 Main Hub Front Panel
Figure 3-3 Main Hub Front Panel
1. Four fiber optic ports (labeled PORT 1, PORT 2, PORT 3, PORT 4)
• One standard female SC/APC connector per port for MMF/SMF input (labeled
UPLINK)
• One standard female SC/APC connector per port for MMF/SMF output
(labeled DOWNLINK)
2. Four sets of fiber port LEDs (one set per port)
• One LED per port for port link status (labeled LINK)
• One LED per port for downstream unit status (labeled E-HUB/RAU)
3. One set of unit status LEDs
• One LED for unit power status (labeled POWER)
• One LED for unit status (labeled MAIN HUB STATUS)
4. One 9-pin D-sub male connector for system communication and diagnostics using
a PC/laptop or modem (labeled RS-232)
1234
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 3-3
620003-0 Rev. B
3.1.1 Optical Fiber Uplink/Downlink Ports
The optical fiber uplink/downlink ports transmit and receive optical signals between
the Main Hub and up to four Expansion Hubs using industry-standard SMF or MMF
cable. There are four fiber ports on the front panel of the Main Hub; one port per
Expansion Hub. Each fiber port has two female SC/APC connectors:
• Optical Fiber Uplink Connector
This connector (labeled UPLINK) is used to receive the uplink optical signals from
an Expansion Hub.
• Optical Fiber Downlink Connector
This connector (labeled DOWNLINK) is used to transmit the downlink optical sig-
nals to an Expansion Hub.
CAUTION: To avoid damaging the Main Hub’s fiber connector ports,
use only SC/APC fiber cable connectors when using either single-mode
or multi-mode fiber. Additionally, it is critical to system performance
that only SC/APC fiber connectors are used throughout the fiber network, includ-
ing fiber distribution panels.
3.1.2 Communications RS-232 Serial Connector
Remote Monitoring
Use a standard serial cable to connect a modem to the 9-pin D-sub male serial con-
nector for remote monitoring or configuring. The cable typically has a DB-9 female
and a DB-25 male connector. See Appendix A.4 on page A-3 for the cable pinout.
Local Monitoring
Use a null modem cable to connect a laptop or PC to the 9-pin D-sub male serial con-
nector for local monitoring or configuring. The cable typically has a DB-9 female
connector on both ends. See Appendix A.5 on page A-4 for the cable pinout.
3-4 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
3.1.3 LED Indicators
The unit’s front panel LEDs indicate faults and commanded or fault lockouts. The
LEDs do not indicate warnings or whether the system test has been performed. Only
use the LEDs to provide basic information or as a backup when you are not using
AdminManager.
Upon power up, a Main Hub that has a band programmed into it goes through a
five-second test to check the LED lamps. During this time, the LEDs blink through
the states shown in Table 3-2, letting you visually verify that the LED lamps and the
firmware are functioning properly.
Main Hubs are shipped without a band programmed into them. Upon power up of an
unprogrammed Main Hub, its LEDs blink continuously. If upon initial power up the
LEDs do not blink continuously, then there is a band programmed in the Main
Hub and you should check that it is the correct band before connecting any
Expansion Hubs to it (refer to the AdminManager User Manual, PN 8810-10). Oth-
erwise, the Main Hub will automatically send the program band command to all con-
nected Expansion Hubs and RAUs. A mismatched band will cause an error message
to be displayed in AdminManager and the RAU will have a fault condition.
NOTE: Refer to Section 9 for troubleshooting using the LEDs.
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 3-5
620003-0 Rev. B
Unit Status LEDs
The Main Hub status LEDs can be in one of the states shown in Table 3-1. These
LEDs can be:
steady green
steady red
blinking green/red (alternating green/red)
There is no off state when the unit’s power is on.
Table 3-1 Main Hub Status LED States
LED State Indicates
Green
Green
• Main Hub is connected to power
• Main Hub is not reporting a fault; but the system test may need to be
performed or a warning could exist (use AdminManager to determine)
Green
Red
• Main Hub is connected to power
• Main Hub is reporting a fault or lockout condition
Green
Alternating
Green/Red
• Main Hub is connected to power
• Main Hub input signal level too high; or, Main Hub does not have a
band programmed into it if the continuous blinking lasts longer than 5
seconds and the Port LEDs are also blinking
POWER
MAIN HUB
STATUS
POWER
MAIN HUB
STATUS
POWER
MAIN HUB
STATUS
3-6 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
Port LEDs
The Main Hub has one pair of fiber port LEDs for each of the four fiber optic ports.
The LED pairs can be in one of the states shown in Table 3-2. These LEDs can be:
off
steady green
steady red
blinking green/red (alternating green/red)
The port LEDs indicate the status of the Expansion Hub and RAUs; however, they do
not indicate which particular unit has a fault (i.e., the Expansion Hub vs. one of its
RAUs).
Table 3-2 Main Hub Port LED States
LED State Indicates
Off
Off
• Expansion Hub not connected
Green
Green
• Expansion Hub connected, communications normal
• No faults from Expansion Hub or any connected RAU
Red
Off
• Loss of communications with Expansion Hub
Green
Red
• Expansion Hub connected
• Fault or lockout reported by Expansion Hub or any connected RAU
Continuous
Blinking
• Main Hub does not have a band programmed into it if the continuous blinking lasts
longer than 5 seconds and the Main Hub Status LED is also blinking,
LINK
E-HUB/RAU
LINK
E-HUB/RAU
LINK
E-HUB/RAU
LINK
E-HUB/RAU
LINK
E-HUB/RAU
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 3-7
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3.2 Main Hub Rear Panel
Figure 3-4 Main Hub Rear Panel
1. Power on/off switch
2. AC power cord connector
3. Fan exhaust vent
4. One 9-pin D-sub female connector for contact closure monitoring (labeled
DIAGNOSTIC 1)
5. Two N-type, female connectors:
• Downlink (labeled DOWNLINK)
• Uplink (labeled UPLINK)
1 2 3 4 5
3-8 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
3.2.1 Main Hub Rear Panel Connectors
3.2.1.1 9-pin D-sub Connector
The 9-pin D-sub connector (labeled DIAGNOSTIC 1) provides contact closure for
major and minor error system alarm monitoring.
The following table lists the function of each pin on the 9-pin D-sub connector.
This interface can either generate contact alarms or sense a single external alarm con-
tact.
3.2.1.2 N-type Female Connectors
There are two N-type female connectors on the rear panel of the Main Hub:
•The
DOWNLINK connector receives downlink RF signals from a repeater, local
base station, or MetroReach Focus system.
•The
UPLINK connector transmits uplink RF signals to a repeater, local base sta-
tion, or MetroReach Focus system.
Pin Function
1 Alarm Input Ground
2 Reserved
3 Reserved
4 Warning Contact (positive connection)
5 Warning Contact (negative connection)
6 DC Ground (common)
7 Fault Contact (positive connection)
8 Alarm Input
9 Fault Contact (negative connection)
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 3-9
620003-0 Rev. B
3.3 Faults and Warnings
The Main Hub monitors and reports changes in system performance to:
• Ensure that the fiber receivers, amplifiers, and IF/RF path in the Main Hub are
functioning properly.
• Ensure that Expansion Hubs and Remote Access Units are connected and function-
ing properly.
The Main Hub periodically queries attached Expansion Hubs and their Remote
Access Units for their status. Both faults and warnings are reported to a connected
PC/laptop that is running the AdminManager software or to the optional remote
OpsConsole. Only faults are indicated by LEDs.
For more information, see:
• page 9-4 for Main Hub faults.
• page 9-11 for Main Hub warnings.
• page 9-12 for Main Hub status messages.
• page 9-16 for troubleshooting Main Hub LEDs.
3-10 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
3.4 Main Hub Specifications
Table 3-3 Main Hub Specifications
Specification Description
Enclosure Dimensions (H × W × D): 44.5 mm × 438 mm × 305 mm
(1.75 in. × 17.25 in. × 12 in.)
Weight < 3 kg (< 6.5 lb)
Operating Temperature 0° to +45°C (+32° to +113°F)
Non-operating Temperature –20° to +85°C (–4° to +185°F)
Operating Humidity, non-condensing 5% to 95%
External Alarm Connector
(contact closure)
1 9-pin D-sub, female
Maximum: 40 mA @ 40V DC
Typical: 4 mA @ 12V DC
Serial Interface Connector 1 RS-232 9-pin D-sub, male
Fiber Connectors 4 Pair, SC/APCa
a. It is critical to system performance that only SC/APC fiber connectors are used throughout the fiber network, including
fiber distribution panels.
RF Connectors 2 N-type, female
LED Fault and Status Indicators Unit Status (1 pair):
•Power
• Main Hub Status
Downstream Unit/Link Status (1 pair per fiber port):
•Link
•E-Hub/RAU
AC Power Rating: 100–240V, 0.5A, 50–60 Hz
Operating Range: 85–250V, 2.4–0.8A, 47–63 Hz
Power Consumption (W) 30
MTBF 106,272 hours
PN 8700-10 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual 4-1
620003-0 Rev. B
SECTION 4 Unison Expansion Hub
The Expansion Hub interfaces between the Main Hub and the Remote Access Unit(s)
by converting optical signals to electrical signals and vice versa. It also supplies con-
trol signals and DC power to operate the Remote Access Unit(s) as well as passes sta-
tus information from the RAUs to the Main Hub.
Figure 4-1 Expansion Hub in a Unison System
Figure 4-2 Expansion Hub Block Diagram
Unison Expansion Hub
Unison Main Hub RAU
Downlink Path: The Expansion Hub receives downlink optical signals from the Main Hub via fiber optic cable. It converts
the signals to electrical and sends them to up to eight Remote Access Units (RAUs) via Cat-5/6 cables.
Also, the Expansion Hub receives configuration information from the Main Hub via the fiber optic cable and relays it to the
RAUs via the Cat-5/6 cable.
Uplink Path: The Expansion Hub receives uplink IF signals from up to eight RAUs via Cat-5/6 cables. It converts the sig-
nals to optical and sends them to a Main Hub via fiber optic cable.
Also, the Expansion Hub receives RAU status information via the Cat-5/6 cable and sends it and its own status information
to the Main Hub via the fiber optic cable.
Downlink to Expansion Hub
Uplink from Expansion Hub
Downlink from Expansion Hub
Uplink to Expansion Hub
From
Main Hub
To RAU
4-2 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
4.1 Expansion Hub Front Panel
Figure 4-3 Expansion Hub Front Panel
1. Eight standard Cat-5/6 ScTP cable RJ-45 connectors (labeled PORT 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
7, 8)
2. Eight sets of RJ-45 port LEDs (one set per port)
• One LED per port for link status (labeled LINK)
• One LED per port for downstream unit status (labeled RAU)
3. One set of unit status LEDs
• One LED for unit power status (labeled POWER)
• One LED for unit status (labeled E-HUB STATUS)
4. One set of fiber connection status LEDs
• One LED for fiber downlink status (labeled DL STATUS)
• One LED for fiber uplink status (labeled UL STATUS)
5. One fiber optic port which has two connectors
• One standard female SC/APC connector for MMF/SMF output (labeled
UPLINK)
• One standard female SC/APC connector for MMF/SMF input (labeled
DOWNLINK)
1 2 3 4 5
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 4-3
620003-0 Rev. B
4.1.1 RJ-45 Connectors
The eight RJ-45 connectors on the Expansion Hub are for the Cat-5/6 ScTP cables
that are used to transmit and receive signals to and from RAUs. Use shielded RJ-45
connectors on the Cat-5/6 cable.
NOTE: For system performance, it is important that you use only Cat-5/6 ScTP
(screened twisted pair) cable with shielded RJ-45 connectors.
The Cat-5/6 cable also delivers DC electrical power to the RAUs. The Expansion
Hub’s DC voltage output is 36V DC nominal. A current limiting circuit is used to
protect the Expansion Hub if any port draws excessive power.
4.1.2 Optical Fiber Uplink/Downlink Connectors
The optical fiber uplink/downlink port transmits and receives optical signals between
the Expansion Hub and the Main Hub using industry-standard SMF or MMF cable.
The fiber port has two female SC/APC connectors:
• Optical Fiber Uplink Connector
This connector (labeled UPLINK) is used to transmit (output) uplink optical signals
to the Main Hub.
• Optical Fiber Downlink Connector
This connector (labeled DOWNLINK) is used to receive (input) downlink optical sig-
nals from the Main Hub.
CAUTION: To avoid damaging the Expansion Hub’s fiber connector
ports, use only SC/APC fiber cable connectors. Additionally, use only
SC/APC fiber connectors throughout the fiber network, including fiber
distribution panels. This is critical for ensuring system performance.
4.1.3 LED Indicators
The unit’s front panel LEDs indicate fault conditions and commanded or fault lockouts.
The LEDs do not indicate warnings or whether the system test has been performed.
Only use the LEDs to provide basic information or as a backup when you are not using
AdminManager.
Upon power up, the Expansion Hub goes through a five-second test to check the LED
lamps. During this time, the LEDs blink through the states shown in Table 4-2, letting
you visually verify that the LED lamps and the firmware are functioning properly.
NOTE: Refer to Section 9 for troubleshooting using the LEDs.
4-4 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
Unit Status and DL/UL Status LEDs
The Expansion Hub unit status and DL/UL status LEDs can be in one of the states
shown in Table 4-1. These LEDs can be:
steady green
steady red
There is no off state when the unit’s power is on.
Table 4-1 Expansion Hub Unit Status and DL/UL Status LED States
LED State Indicates
Green / Green
Green / Green
• Expansion Hub is connected to power
• Expansion Hub is not reporting a fault or lockout condition; but the
system test may need to be performed or a warning condition could
exist (use AdminManager to determine)
• Optical power in is above minimum (Main Hub is connected)
although the cable optical loss may be greater than recommended
maximum
• Optical power out (uplink laser) is normal and communications with
the Main Hub are normal
Green / Green
Red / Green
• Optical power in is above minimum (Main Hub is connected)
although the cable optical loss may be greater than recommended
maximum
• Optical power out (uplink laser) is normal and communications with
the Main Hub are normal
• Expansion Hub is reporting a fault or commanded lockout
Green / Red
Red / Green
• Fault condition detected, optical power in is below minimum.
(Main Hub is not connected, is not powered, or Main Hub’s downlink
laser has failed, or the downlink fiber is disconnected or damaged.)
Green / Green
Red / Red
• Expansion Hub is reporting a fault condition
• Optical power in is above minimum (Main Hub is connected)
although the cable optical loss may be greater than recommended
maximum
• Optical power out is below minimum (Expansion Hub uplink laser
has failed; unable to communicate with Main Hub). UL STATUS LED
state must be checked within the first 90 seconds after power on. If
initially green, then red after 90 seconds, it means that there is no
communication with the Main Hub. If red on power up, replace the
Expansion Hub.
Green / Red
Red / Red
• Optical power in is below minimum (Main Hub is not connected, is
not powered, or Main Hub’s downlink laser has failed, or the down-
link fiber is disconnected or damaged.)
• Optical power out is below minimum (Expansion Hub uplink laser
has failed; unable to communicate with Main Hub). UL STATUS
LED state must be checked within the first 90 seconds after power on.
If initially green, then red after 90 seconds, it means that there is no
communication with the Main Hub. If red on power up, the uplink
laser has failed, replace the Expansion Hub.
Green / Red
Green / Red
• Expansion Hub is in factory test mode, return it to the factory
POWER
E-HUB STATUS DL STATUS
UL STATUS
POWER
E-HUB STATUS DL STATUS
UL STATUS
POWER
E-HUB STATUS DL STATUS
UL STATUS
POWER
E-HUB STATUS DL STATUS
UL STATUS
POWER
E-HUB STATUS DL STATUS
UL STATUS
POWER
E-HUB STATUS DL STATUS
UL STATUS
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 4-5
620003-0 Rev. B
Port LEDs
The Expansion Hub has one pair of port LEDs for each of the eight RJ-45 ports. The
port LEDs can be in one of the states shown in Table 4-2. These LEDs can be:
off
steady green
steady red
Table 4-2 Expansion Hub Port LED States
LED State Indicates
Off
Off
• RAU is not connected
Green
Green
• RAU is connected
• No faults from RAU
Red
Off
• Loss of communications to RAU
Green
Red
• RAU is connected
• RAU is reporting a fault or lockout condition
LINK
RAU
LINK
RAU
LINK
RAU
LINK
RAU
4-6 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
4.2 Expansion Hub Rear Panel
Figure 4-4 Expansion Hub Rear Panel
1. Power on/off switch
2. AC power cord connector
3. Three air exhaust vents
1 2 3
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 4-7
620003-0 Rev. B
4.3 Faults and Warnings
Both fault and warning conditions of the Expansion Hub and attached RAUs are
reported to the Main Hub. Only faults are indicated by LEDs.
For more information, see:
• page 9-7 for Expansion Hub faults.
• page 9-11 for Expansion Hub warnings.
• page 9-13 for Expansion Hub status messages.
• page 9-18 for troubleshooting Expansion Hub LEDs.
4-8 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
4.4 Expansion Hub Specifications
Table 4-3 Expansion Hub Specifications
Specification Description
Enclosure Dimensions (H × W × D) 89 mm × 438 mm × 305 mm
(3.5 in. × 17.25 in. × 12 in.)
Weight < 5 kg (< 11 lb)
Operating Temperature 0° to +45°C (+32° to +113°F)
Non-operating Temperature –20° to +85°C (–4° to +185°F)
Operating Humidity, non-condensing 5% to 95%
Cat-5/6 Connectorsa
a. It is important that you use only Cat-5/6 ScTP cable with shielded RJ-45 connectors.
8 shielded RJ-45, female (Cat-5/6)
Fiber Connectorsb
b. It is critical to system performance that only SC/APC fiber connectors are used throughout the fiber network, including
fiber distribution panels.
1 Pair, SC/APC
LED Alarm and Status Indicators Unit Status (1 pair):
•Power
• E-Hub Status
Fiber Link Status (1 pair):
•DL Status
•UL Status
RAU/Link Status (1 pair per RJ-45 port):
•Link
•RAU
AC Power (Volts) (47–63 Hz) Rating: 115/230V, 5/2.5A, 50–60 Hz
Operating Range: 90–132V/170–250V auto-ranging,
2.2–1.5A/1.2–0.8A, 47–63 Hz
Power Consumption (W) 260 (includes 8 RAUs)
MTBF 78,998 hours
PN 8700-10 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual 5-1
620003-0 Rev. B
SECTION 5 Unison Remote Access Unit
The Remote Access Unit (RAU) is an active transceiver that connects to an Expan-
sion Hub using industry-standard Cat-5/6 screened twisted pair (ScTP) cable, which
delivers RF signals, configuration information, and electrical power to the RAU.
An RAU passes RF signals between an Expansion Hub and an attached passive
antenna where the signals are transmitted to wireless devices.
Figure 5-1 Remote Access Unit in a Unison System
Unison Expansion Hub RAU
Downlink Path: The RAU receives downlink IF signals from an Expansion Hub via Cat-5/6 cable. It converts the signals to
RF and sends them to a passive RF antenna via coaxial cable.
Also, the RAU receives configuration information from the Main Hub via the Cat-5/6 cable.
Uplink Path: The RAU receives uplink RF signals from a passive RF antenna via coaxial cable. It converts the signals to IF
and sends them to an Expansion Hub via Cat-5/6 cable.
Also, the RAU sends its status information to the Expansion Hub via the Cat-5/6 cable.
Downlink to RAU
Uplink from RAU
Unison Main Hub Downlink to antenna
Uplink from antenna
5-2 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
Figure 5-2 Remote Access Unit Block Diagram
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 5-3
620003-0 Rev. B
The Unison RAUs are manufactured to a specific band or set of bands (i.e., there is
one PCS RAU which can be used for A/D, B/E, E/F, B/D, or F/C). Table 5-1 lists the
six Unison RAUs, the Unison Band, and the frequency band(s) they cover.
5.1 Remote Access Unit Connectors
5.1.1 SMA Connector
The RAU has one female SMA connector. The connector is a duplexed RF input/out-
put port that connects to a standard passive antenna using coaxial cable.
5.1.2 RJ-45 Connector
The RAU has one RJ-45 connector that connects it to an Expansion Hub using
Cat-5/6 ScTP cable. Use shielded RJ-45 connectors on the Cat-5/6 cable.
NOTE: For system performance, it is important that you use only Cat-5/6 ScTP
cable with shielded RJ-45 connectors.
Table 5-1 Frequency Bands covered by Unison RAUs
Unison
RAU Unison
Band
RF Passband
Downlink (MHz) Uplink (MHz)
Cellular Cellular 869–894 824–849
DCS DCS1 1805–1842.5 1710–1747.5
DCS2 1842.5–1880 1747.5–1785
DCS3 1840–1875 1745–1780
DCS4 1815–1850 1720–1755
GSM GSM 925–960 880–915
EGSM 935–960 890–915
iDEN iDEN 851–869 806–824
PCS PCS A&D 1930–1950 1850–1870
PCS B&E 1945–1965 1865–1885
PCS D&B 1950–1970 1870–1890
PCS E&F 1965–1975 1885–1895
PCS F&C 1970–1990 1890–1910
UMTS UMTS 1 2110–2145 1920–1955
UMTS 2 2125–2160 1935–1970
UMTS 3 2135–2170 1945–1980
5-4 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
5.2 LED Indicators
Upon power up, the RAU goes through a two-second test to check the LED lamps.
During this time, the LEDs blink green/green red/red, letting you visually verify that
the LED lamps and the firmware are functioning properly.
NOTE: Refer to Section 9 for troubleshooting using the LEDs.
Status LEDs
The RAU status LEDs can be in one of the states shown in Table 5-2. These LEDs
can be:
off
steady green
steady red
There is no off state when the unit’s power is on.
Table 5-2 Remote Access Unit LED States
LED State Indicates
Off
Off
• RAU is not receiving DC power
Green
Green
• RAU is powered and is not indicating a fault condition. Communication with Expansion
Hub is normal; but the system test may need to be performed or a warning condition could
exist (use AdminManager to determine)
Green
Red
• RAU is indicating a fault or lockout condition, but communication with the Expansion Hub
is normal
Red
Red
• RAU is reporting a fault or lockout condition, and it is not able to communicate with the
Expansion Hub
LINK
ALARM
LINK
ALARM
LINK
ALARM
LINK
ALARM
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620003-0 Rev. B
5.3 Faults and Warnings
Both fault and warning conditions are reported to the Expansion Hub where they are
stored until the Main Hub queries system status. Only faults are indicated by LEDs.
For more information, see:
• page 9-10 for RAU faults.
• page 9-11 for RAU warnings.
• page 9-14 for RAU status messages.
5.4 Remote Access Unit Specifications
Table 5-3 Remote Access Unit Specifications
Specification Description
Dimensions (H × W × D) 44 mm × 305 mm × 158 mm
(1.7 in. × 12 in. × 6.2 in.)
Weight < 1 kg (< 2 lb)
Operating Temperature –25° to +45°C (–13° to +113°F)
Non-operating Temperature –25° to +85°C (–13° to +185°F)
Operating Humidity, non-condensing 5% to 95%
RF Connectors 1 shielded RJ-45, female (Cat-5/6)a
1 SMA, male (coaxial)
a. For system performance, it is important that you use only Cat-5/6 ScTP cable with shielded RJ-45 connectors.
LED Alarm and Status Indicators Unit Status (1 pair): • Link • Alarm
Maximum Heat Dissipation (W) 11
MTBF 282,207 hours
5-6 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
PN 8700-10 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual 6-1
620003-0 Rev. B
SECTION 6 Designing a Unison Solution
Designing a Unison solution is ultimately a matter of determining coverage and
capacity needs. This requires the following steps:
1. Determine the wireless service provider’s requirements.
This information is usually determined by the service provider:
• Frequency (i.e., 850 MHz)
• Band (i.e., “A” band in the Cellular spectrum)
• Protocol (i.e., TDMA, CDMA, GSM, iDEN)
• Peak capacity requirement (this, and whether or not the building will be split
into sectors, determines the number of carriers that the system will have to
transmit)
• Design goal (RSSI, received signal strength at the wireless handset,
i.e., –85 dBm)
The design goal is always a stronger signal than the cell phone needs. It
includes inherent factors which will affect performance (see Section 6.4.1 on
page 6-29).
• RF source (base station or BDA), type of equipment if possible
2. Determine the power per carrier and input power from the base station or
BDA into the Main Hub: Section 6.1, “Maximum Output Power per Carrier
at RAU,” on page 6-3.
The maximum power per carrier is a function of the number of RF carriers, the
carrier headroom requirement, signal quality issues, regulatory emissions require-
ments, and Unison’s RF performance. Typically, the power per carrier decreases
as the number of carriers increases.
3. Determine the in-building environment: Section 6.2, “Estimating RF Cover-
age,” on page 6-16.
• Determine which areas of the building require coverage (entire building, public
areas, parking levels, etc.)
6-2 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
• Obtain floor plans to determine floor space of building and the wall layout of
the proposed areas to be covered. Floor plans will also be useful when you are
selecting antenna locations.
• If possible, determine the building’s construction materials (sheetrock, metal,
concrete, etc.)
• Determine type of environment
– Open layout (e.g., a convention center)
– Dense, close walls (e.g., a hospital)
– Mixed use (e.g., an office building with hard wall offices and cubicles)
4. Develop an RF link budget: Section 6.4, “Link Budget Analysis,” on page
6-28.
Knowing the power per carrier, you can calculate an RF link budget which is used
to predict how much propagation loss can be allowed in the system, while still
providing satisfactory performance throughout the area being covered. The link
budget is a methodical way to derive a “design goal”. If the design goal is pro-
vided in advance, the link budget is simply: allowable RF loss = maximum power
per carrier – design goal.
5. Determine the appropriate estimated path loss slope that corresponds to the
type of building and its layout, and estimate the coverage distance for each
RAU: Section 6.2, “Estimating RF Coverage,” on page 6-16.
The path loss slope (PLS), which gives a value to the RF propagation characteris-
tics within the building, is used to convert the RF link budget into an estimate of
the coverage distance per antenna. This will help establish the Unison equipment
quantities you will need. The actual path loss slope that corresponds to the spe-
cific RF environment inside the building can also be determined empirically by
performing an RF site-survey of the building. This involves transmitting a cali-
brated tone for a fixed antenna and making measurements with a mobile antenna
throughout the area surrounding the transmitter.
6. Determine the items required to connect to the base station: Section 6.6,
“Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station,” on page 6-42.
Once you know the quantities of Unison equipment you will use, you can deter-
mine the accessories (combiners/dividers, surge suppressors, repeaters, attenua-
tors, circulators, etc.) that are required to connect the system to the base station.
The individual elements that must be considered in designing a Unison solution are
discussed in the following sections.
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620003-0 Rev. B
6.1 Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU
The following tables show the recommended maximum power per carrier out of the
RAU SMA connector for different frequencies, formats, and numbers of carriers.
These limits are dictated by RF signal quality and regulatory emissions issues. The
maximum input power to the Main Hub is determined by subtracting the system gain
from the maximum output power of the RAU. System gain is software selectable
from 0 dB to 15 dB in 1 dB steps. Additionally, both the uplink and downlink of each
RAU gain can be reduced by 10 dB.
When you connect a Main Hub to a base station or repeater, the RF power per carrier
usually needs to be attenuated in order to avoid exceeding Unison’s maximum output
power recommendations.
Refer to Section 6.7, “Designing for a Neutral Host System,” on page 6-46 when
combining frequencies or protocols on a single Main Hub.
WARNING: Exceeding the maximum input power could cause per-
manent damage to the Main Hub. Do not exceed the maximum com-
posite input power of 1W (+30 dBm) to the Main Hub at any time.
NOTE: These specifications are for downlink power at the RAU output (excluding
antenna).
6-4 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
800 MHz AMPS
Table 6-1 800 MHz (AMPS) Power per Carrier
No. of
Carriers
Power per Carrier (dBm)
2 km SMF 1 km MMF
1 10.0 10.0
2 10.0 10.0
3 10.0 10.0
4 10.0 10.0
5 10.0 10.0
6 10.0 10.0
7 10.0 10.0
89.5 9.5
99.0 9.0
10 8.0 8.0
11 8.0 8.0
12 7.5 7.5
13 7.0 7.0
14 6.5 6.5
15 6.5 6.5
16 6.0 6.0
20 5.0 5.0
30 3.0 3.0
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-5
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800 MHz TDMA
Table 6-2 800 MHz (TDMA) Power per Carrier
No. of
Carriers
Power per Carrier (dBm)
2 km SMF 1 km MMF
110.0 10.0
210.0 10.0
310.0 10.0
410.0 10.0
510.0 10.0
610.0 10.0
710.0 10.0
89.5 9.5
99.0 9.0
10 8.5 8.5
11 8.0 8.0
12 7.5 7.5
13 7.5 7.5
14 7.0 7.0
15 6.5 6.5
16 6.5 6.5
20 5.5 5.5
30 3.5 3.5
6-6 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
800 MHz CDMA
800 MHz iDEN
Table 6-3 800 MHz (CDMA) Power per Carrier
No. of
Carriers
Power per Carrier (dBm)
2 km SMF 1 km MMF
1 16.0 16.0
2 14.0 14.0
3 12.0 12.0
411.0 11.0
5 10.0 10.0
69.0 9.0
78.5 8.5
88.0 8.0
Table 6-4 800 MHz (iDEN) Power per Carrier
No. of
Carriers
Power per Carrier (dBm)
2 km SMF 1 km MMF
1 10.0 10.0
2 10.0 10.0
3 10.0 10.0
4 10.0 10.0
59.0 9.0
68.0 8.0
77.0 7.0
86.5 6.5
96.0 6.0
10 5.5 5.5
11 5.0 5.0
12 4.5 4.5
13 4.0 4.0
14 4.0 4.0
15 3.5 3.5
16 3.0 3.0
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-7
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900 MHz GSM or EGSM
Table 6-5 900 MHz (GSM or EGSM) Power per Carrier
No. of
Carriers
Power per Carrier (dBm)
2 km SMF 1 km MMF
110.0 10.0
210.0 10.0
310.0 9.5
410.0 8.0
59.0 7.0
68.5 6.5
78.0 6.0
87.5 5.5
97.0 5.0
10 6.5 4.5
11 6.5 4.5
12 6.0 4.0
13 5.5 3.5
14 5.5 3.5
15 5.0 3.0
16 5.0 3.0
6-8 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
900 MHz EDGE
Table 6-6 900 MHz (EDGE) Power per Carrier
No. of
Carriers
Power per Carrier (dBm)
2 km SMF 1 km MMF
1 10.0 10.0
2 10.0 10.0
3 10.0 10.0
410.0 9.0
59.0 8.0
68.5 7.0
78.0 6.5
87.5 6.0
97.0 5.5
10 6.5 5.5
11 6.5 5.0
12 6.0 4.5
13 5.5 4.5
14 5.5 4.0
15 5.0 4.0
16 5.0 3.5
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-9
620003-0 Rev. B
1800 MHz DCS
Table 6-7 1800 MHz (DCS) Power per Carrier
No. of
Carriers
Power per Carrier (dBm)
2 km SMF 1 km MMF
110.0 10.0
210.0 10.0
310.0 10.0
410.0 10.0
510.0 9.0
610.0 8.5
710.0 8.0
89.0 7.5
98.5 7.0
10 8.0 6.5
11 7.5 6.5
12 7.0 6.0
13 6.5 5.5
14 6.5 5.5
15 6.0 5.0
16 5.5 5.0
6-10 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
1800 MHz EDGE
1800 MHz CDMA Korea
Table 6-8 1800 MHz (EDGE) Power per Carrier
No. of
Carriers
Power per Carrier (dBm)
2 km SMF 1 km MMF
1 10.0 10.0
2 10.0 10.0
3 10.0 10.0
4 10.0 10.0
5 10.0 10.0
69.5 9.0
79.0 8.5
88.0 8.0
97.5 7.5
10 7.0 7.0
11 6.5 6.5
12 6.0 6.0
13 6.0 6.0
14 5.5 5.5
15 5.0 5.0
16 5.0 5.0
Table 6-9 1800 MHz (CDMA Korea) Power per Carrier
No. of
Carriers
Power per Carrier (dBm)
2 km SMF 1 km MMF
1 16.0 16.0
2 13.0 13.0
311.0 11.0
4 10.0 10.0
59.0 9.0
68.0 8.0
77.5 7.5
87.0 7.0
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-11
620003-0 Rev. B
1900 MHz TDMA
Table 6-10 1900 MHz (TDMA) Power per Carrier
No. of
Carriers
Power per Carrier (dBm)
2 km SMF 1 km MMF
110.0 10.0
210.0 10.0
310.0 10.0
410.0 10.0
510.0 10.0
610.0 10.0
79.5 9.5
88.5 8.5
98.0 8.0
10 7.5 7.5
11 7.0 7.0
12 6.5 6.5
13 6.5 6.5
14 6.0 6.0
15 5.5 5.5
16 5.5 5.5
20 4.5 4.5
30 2.5 2.5
6-12 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
1900 MHz GSM
1900 MHz CDMA
Table 6-11 1900 MHz (GSM) Power per Carrier
No. of
Carriers
Power per Carrier (dBm)
2 km SMF 1 km MMF
1 10.0 10.0
2 10.0 10.0
3 10.0 10.0
4 10.0 10.0
510.0 9.0
610.0 8.5
710.0 8.0
89.0 7.5
98.5 7.0
10 8.0 6.5
11 7.5 6.5
12 7.0 6.0
13 6.5 5.5
14 6.5 5.5
15 6.0 5.0
16 5.5 5.0
Table 6-12 1900 MHz (CDMA) Power per Carrier
No. of
Carriers
Power per Carrier (dBm)
2 km SMF 1 km MMF
1 16.0 16.0
2 13.0 13.0
311.0 11.0
4 10.0 10.0
59.0 9.0
68.0 8.0
77.5 7.5
87.0 7.0
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-13
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1900 MHz EDGE
2.1 GHz UMTS
Table 6-13 1900 MHz (EDGE) Power per Carrier
No. of
Carriers
Power per Carrier (dBm)
2 km SMF 1 km MMF
110.0 10.0
210.0 10.0
310.0 10.0
410.0 10.0
510.0 10.0
69.5 9.0
79.0 8.5
88.0 8.0
97.5 7.5
10 7.0 7.0
11 6.5 6.5
12 6.0 6.0
13 6.0 6.0
14 5.5 5.5
15 5.0 5.0
16 5.0 5.0
Table 6-14 2.1 GHz (UMTS) Power per Carrier
No. of
Carriers
Power per Carrier (dBm)
2 km SMF 1 km MMF
115.0 15.0
211.0 11.0
38.0 8.0
46.5 6.5
55.0 5.0
64.0 4.0
73.0 3.0
Note: measurements taken with no baseband clipping.
6-14 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
Paging/SMR
.
Table 6-15 Paging/SMR Power per Carrier: Analog FM, CQPSK, C4FM
Analog FM CQPSK C4FM
No. of
Carriers
Power per
Carrier (dBm)
No. of
Carriers
Power per
Carrier (dBm)
No. of
Carriers
Power per
Carrier (dBm)
2 km
SMF 1 km
MMF 2 km
SMF 1 km
MMF 2 km
SMF 1 km
MMF
1 10.0 10.0 1 10.0 10.0 1 10.0 10.0
2 10.0 10.0 2 10.0 10.0 2 10.0 10.0
3 10.0 10.0 3 10.0 10.0 3 10.0 10.0
4 10.0 10.0 4 10.0 10.0 4 10.0 10.0
5 10.0 10.0 5 10.0 10.0 5 10.0 10.0
6 10.0 10.0 6 9.5 9.5 6 10.0 10.0
7 9.5 9.5 7 9.0 9.0 7 9.0 9.0
8 8.5 8.5 8 8.0 8.0 8 8.5 8.5
9 8.0 8.0 9 7.5 7.5 9 7.5 7.5
10 7.0 7.0 10 7.0 7.0 10 7.0 7.0
Table 6-16 Paging/SMR Power per Carrier: Mobitex, POCSAG/Reflex
Mobitex POCSAG/Reflex
No. of
Carriers
Power per
Carrier (dBm)
No. of
Carriers
Power per
Carrier (dBm)
2 km
SMF 1 km
MMF 2 km
SMF 1 km
MMF
1 10.0 10.0 1 10.0 10.0
2 10.0 10.0 2 10.0 10.0
3 10.0 10.0 3 10.0 10.0
4 10.0 10.0 4 10.0 10.0
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Allowing for Future Capacity Growth
Sometimes a Unison deployment initially is used to enhance coverage. Later that
same system may also need to provide increased capacity. Thus, the initial deploy-
ment might only transmit two carriers but need to transmit four carriers later. There
are two options for dealing with this scenario:
1. Design the initial coverage with a maximum power per carrier for four carriers.
2. Design the initial coverage for two carriers but leave RAU ports on the Expansion
Hubs unused. These ports can be used later if coverage holes are discovered once
the power per carrier is lowered to accommodate the two additional carriers.
6-16 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
6.2 Estimating RF Coverage
The maximum power per carrier (based on the number and type of RF carriers that
are being transmitted) and the minimum acceptable received power at the wireless
device (i.e., RSSI, the design goal) establish the RF link budget, and consequently the
maximum acceptable path loss between the antenna and the wireless device.
Figure 6-1 Determining Path Loss between the Antenna and the Wireless Device
(P + Lcoax + G) – RSSI = PL (1)
The path loss (PL) is the loss in decibels (dB) between the antenna and the wireless
device. The distance, d, from the antenna corresponding to this path loss can be calcu-
lated using the path loss equations in Section 6.2.1 and in Section 6.2.2.
Coaxial cable is used to connect the RAU to an antenna. The following table lists
coaxial cable loss for various cable lengths.
Table 6-17 Coaxial Cable Losses
Length of Cable
(.195 in. diameter)
Loss at
800 MHz
(dB)
Loss at
1900 MHz
(dB)
0.9 m (3 ft) 0.6 0.8
1.8 m (6 ft) 1.0 1.5
3.0 m (10 ft) 1.5 2.3
RAU
P = power per d
Antenna and Gain (G)
RSSI = power at the
wireless device
carrier from the RAU
Coax
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6.2.1 Path Loss Equation
Indoor path loss obeys the distance power law1 in equation (2):
PL = 20log(4πd0f/c) + 10nlog(d/d0) + Χs(2)
where:
• PL is the path loss at a distance, d, from the antenna (the distance between the
antenna that is connected to the RAU and the point where the RF signal
decreases to the minimum acceptable level at the wireless device).
• d is the distance expressed in meters
•d
0 is usually taken as 1 meter of free-space.
• f is the operating frequency in hertz.
• c is the speed of light in a vacuum (3.0 × 108 m/sec).
• n is the path loss exponent and depends on the building “clutter”.
•Χs is a normal random variable that depends on partition losses inside the build-
ing, and therefore, depends on the frequency of operation.
As a reference, the following table gives estimates of signal loss for some RF barriers.1
1. Rappaport, Theodore S. Wireless Communications, Principles, and Practice. Prentice Hall PTR, 1996.
Table 6-18 Average Signal Loss of Common Building Materials
Partition Type Loss (dB)
@ <2 GHz Frequency (MHz)
Metal wall 26 815
Aluminum siding 20 815
Foil insulation 4 815
Cubicle walls 1.4 900
Concrete block wall 13 1300
Concrete floor 10 1300
Sheetrock 1 to 2 1300
Light machinery 3 1300
General machinery 7 1300
Heavy machinery 11 1300
Equipment racks 7 1300
Assembly line 6 1300
Ceiling duct 5 1300
Metal stairs 5 1300
6-18 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
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6.2.2 Coverage Distance
Equations (1) and (2), on pages 6-16 and 6-17, respectively, can be used to estimate
the distance from the antenna to where the RF signal decreases to the minimum
acceptable level at the wireless device.
Equation (2) can be simplified to:
PL(d) = 20log(4πf/c) + PLSlog(d) (3)
where PLS (path loss slope) is chosen to account for the building’s environment.
Because different frequencies penetrate partitions with different losses, the value of
PLS will vary depending on the frequency.
Table 6-19 shows estimated path loss slope (PLS) for various environments that have
different “clutter” (i.e., objects that attenuate the RF signals, such as walls, partitions,
stairwells, equipment racks, etc.)
For simplicity, Equation (3) can be used to estimate the coverage distance of an
antenna that is connected to an RAU, for a given path loss, frequency, and type of
in-building environment.
Table 6-19 Estimated Path Loss Slope for Different In-Building Environments
Environment Type Example PLS for
800/900 MHz PLS for
1800/1900 MHz
Open Environment with very few
RF obstructions
Parking Garage, Convention Center 33.7 30.1
Moderately Open Environment
with low-to-medium amount of RF
obstructions
Warehouse, Airport, Manufacturing 35 32
Mildly Dense Environment with
medium-to-high amount of RF
obstructions
Retail, Office Space with approxi-
mately 80% cubicles and 20% hard
walled offices
36.1 33.1
Moderately Dense Environment
with medium-to-high amount of RF
obstructions
Office Space with approximately
50% cubicles and 50% hard walled
offices
37.6 34.8
Dense Environment with large
amount of RF obstructions
Hospital, Office Space with approxi-
mately 20% cubicles and 80% hard
walled offices
39.4 38.1
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Table 6-20 gives the value of the first term of Equation (3) (i.e., (20log(4πf/c)) for
various frequency bands.
Table 6-20 Frequency Bands and the Value of the first Term in Equation (3)
Band (MHz) Mid-Band
Frequency
(MHz) 20log(4πf/c)Uplink Downlink
800 MHz Cellular 824–849 869–894 859 31.1
800 MHz iDEN 806–824 851–869 837.5 30.9
900 MHz GSM 890–915 935–960 925 31.8
900 MHz EGSM 880–915 925–960 920 31.7
1800 MHz DCS 1710–1785 1805–1880 1795 37.5
1800 MHz CDMA (Korea) 1750–1780 1840–1870 1810 37.6
1900 MHz PCS 1850–1910 1930–1990 1920 38.1
2.1 GHz UMTS 1920–1980 2110–2170 2045 38.7
6-20 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
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For reference, Tables 6-21 through 6-27 show the distance covered by an antenna for
various in-building environments. The following assumptions were made:
• Path loss Equation (3)
• 6 dBm output per carrier at the RAU output
• 3 dBi antenna gain
• RSSI = –85 dBm (typical for narrowband protocols, but not for spread-spec-
trum protocols)
Table 6-21 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna
for 800 MHz Cellular Applications
Environment Type
Distance from Antenna
Meters Feet
Open Environment 73 241
Moderately Open Environment 63 205
Mildly Dense Environment 55 181
Moderately Dense Environment 47 154
Dense Environment 39 129
Table 6-22 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna
for 800 MHz iDEN Applications
Facility
Distance from Antenna
Meters Feet
Open Environment 75 244
Moderately Open Environment 64 208
Mildly Dense Environment 56 184
Moderately Dense Environment 48 156
Dense Environment 40 131
Table 6-23 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna
for 900 MHz GSM Applications
Facility
Distance from Antenna
Meters Feet
Open Environment 70 230
Moderately Open Environment 60 197
Mildly Dense Environment 53 174
Moderately Dense Environment 45 148
Dense Environment 38 125
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Table 6-24 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna
for 900 MHz EGSM Applications
Facility
Distance from Antenna
Meters Feet
Open Environment 70 231
Moderately Open Environment 60 197
Mildly Dense Environment 53 174
Moderately Dense Environment 45 149
Dense Environment 38 125
Table 6-25 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna
for 1800 MHz DCS Applications
Facility
Distance from Antenna
Meters Feet
Open Environment 75 246
Moderately Open Environment 58 191
Mildly Dense Environment 50 166
Moderately Dense Environment 42 137
Dense Environment 30 100
Table 6-26 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna
for 1800 MHz CDMA (Korea) Applications
Facility
Distance from Antenna
Meters Feet
Open Environment 75 247
Moderately Open Environment 58 191
Mildly Dense Environment 51 167
Moderately Dense Environment 42 138
Dense Environment 30 100
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Table 6-27 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna
for 1900 MHz PCS Applications
Facility
Distance from Antenna
Meters Feet
Open Environment 72 236
Moderately Open Environment 56 183
Mildly Dense Environment 49 160
Moderately Dense Environment 40 132
Dense Environment 29 96
Table 6-28 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna
for 2.1 GHz UMTS Applications
Facility
Distance from Antenna
Meters Feet
Open Environment 69 226
Moderately Open Environment 54 176
Mildly Dense Environment 47 154
Moderately Dense Environment 39 128
Dense Environment 28 93
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6.2.3 Examples of Design Estimates
Example Design Estimate for an 800 MHz TDMA Application
1. Design goals:
• Cellular (859 MHz = average of the lowest uplink and the highest downlink
frequency in 800 MHz Cellular band)
• TDMA provider
• 12 TDMA carriers in the system
• –85 dBm design goal (to 95% of the building) — the minimum received power
at the wireless device
• Base station with simplex RF connections
2. Power Per Carrier: The tables in Section 6.1, “Maximum Output Power per Car-
rier at RAU,” on page 6-3 provide maximum power per carrier information. The
800 MHz TDMA table (on page 6-5) indicates that Unison can support 12 carriers
with a recommended maximum power per carrier of 7.5 dBm. The input power
should be set to the desired output power minus the system gain.
3. Building information:
• 8 floor building with 9,290 sq. meters (100,000 sq. ft.) per floor; total 74,322
sq. meters (800,000 sq. ft.)
• Walls are sheetrock construction; suspended ceiling tiles
• Antennas used will be omni-directional, ceiling mounted
• Standard office environment, 50% hard wall offices and 50% cubicles
4. Link Budget: In this example, a design goal of –85 dBm is used. Suppose 3 dBi
omni-directional antennas are used in the design. Then, the maximum RF propa-
gation loss should be no more than 95.5 dB (7.5 dBm + 3 dBi + 85 dBm) over
95% of the area being covered. It is important to note that a design goal such as
–85 dBm is usually derived taking into account multipath fading and log-normal
shadowing characteristics. Thus, this design goal will only be met “on average”
over 95% of the area being covered. At any given point, a fade may bring the sig-
nal level underneath the design goal.
Note that this method of calculating a link budget is only for the downlink path.
For information to calculate link budgets for both the downlink and uplink paths,
see Section 6.4 on page 6-28.
5. Path Loss Slope: For a rough estimate, Table 6-19, “Estimated Path Loss Slope for
Different In-Building Environments” on page 6-18, shows that a building with 50%
hard wall offices and 50% cubicles, at 859 MHz, has an approximate path loss slope
(PLS) of 37.6. Given the RF link budget of 95.5 dB, the distance of coverage from
each RAU will be 52 meters (170.6 ft). This corresponds to a coverage area of
8,494 sq. meters (91,425 sq. ft.) per RAU (see Section 6.2.1 for details on path loss
estimation). For this case we assumed a circular radiation pattern, though the actual
area covered will depend upon the pattern of the antenna and the obstructions in the
facility.
6-24 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
Equipment Required: Since you know the building size, you can now estimate
the Unison equipment quantities that will be needed. Before any RF levels are
tested in the building, you can estimate that 2 antennas per level will be needed.
This assumes no propagation between floors. If there is propagation, you may not
need antennas on every floor.
a. 2 antennas per floor × 8 floors = 16 RAUs
b. 16 RAUs ÷ 8 (maximum 8 RAUs per Expansion Hub) = 2 Expansion Hubs
c. 2 Expansion Hubs ÷ 4 (maximum 4 Expansion Hubs per Main Hub) = 1 Main
Hub
Check that the fiber and Cat-5 cable distances are as recommended. If the dis-
tances differ, use the tables in Section 6.3, “System Gain,” on page 6-27 to deter-
mine system gains or losses. The path loss may need to be recalculated to assure
adequate signal levels in the required coverage distance.
The above estimates assume that all cable length requirements are met. If Expansion
Hubs cannot be placed so that the RAUs are within the distance requirement, addi-
tional Expansion Hubs may need to be placed closer to the required RAUs locations.
An RF Site Survey and Building Evaluation is required to accurately establish the
Unison equipment quantities required for the building. The site survey measures the
RF losses within the building to determine the actual PLS, which will be used in the
final path loss formula to determine the actual requirements of the Unison system.
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Example Design Estimate for an 1900 MHz CDMA Application
1. Design goals:
• PCS (1920 MHz = average of the lowest uplink and the highest downlink fre-
quency in 1900 MHz PCS band)
• CDMA provider
• 8 CDMA carriers in the system
• –85 dBm design goal (to 95% of the building) — the minimum received power
at the wireless device
• Base station with simplex RF connections
2. Power Per Carrier: The tables in Section 6.1, “Maximum Output Power per Car-
rier at RAU,” on page 6-3 provide maximum power per carrier information. The
1900 MHz CDMA table (on page 6-12) indicates that Unison can support 8 carri-
ers with a recommended maximum power per carrier of 6.5 dBm. The input
power should be set to the desired output power minus the system gain.
3. Building information:
• 16 floor building with 9,290 sq. meters (100,000 sq. ft.) per floor; total
148,640 sq. meters (1,600,000 sq. ft.)
• Walls are sheetrock construction; suspended ceiling tiles
• Antennas used will be omni-directional, ceiling mounted
• Standard office environment, 80% hard wall offices and 20% cubicles
4. Link Budget: In this example, a design goal of –85 dBm is used. Suppose 3 dBi
omni-directional antennas are used in the design. Then, the maximum RF propa-
gation loss should be no more than 94.5 dB (6.5 dBm + 3 dBi + 85 dBm) over
95% of the area being covered. It is important to note that a design goal such as
–85 dBm is usually derived taking into account multipath fading and log-normal
shadowing characteristics. Thus, this design goal will only be met “on average”
over 95% of the area being covered. At any given point, a fade may bring the sig-
nal level underneath the design goal.
Note that this method of calculating a link budget is only for the downlink path.
For information to calculate link budgets for both the downlink and uplink paths,
see Section 6.4 on page 6-28.
5. Path Loss Slope: For a rough estimate, Table 6-19, “Estimated Path Loss Slope for
Different In-Building Environments” on page 6-18, shows that a building with 80%
hard wall offices and 20% cubicles, at 1920 MHz, has an approximate path loss
slope (PLS) of 38.1. Given the RF link budget of 94.5 dB, the distance of coverage
from each RAU will be 30.2 meters (99 ft). This corresponds to a coverage area
of 2,868 sq. meters (30,854 sq. ft.) per RAU (see Section 6.2.1 for details on path
loss estimation). For this case we assumed a circular radiation pattern, though the
actual area covered will depend upon the pattern of the antenna and the obstructions
in the facility.
6-26 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
6. Equipment Required: Since you know the building size, you can now estimate
the Unison equipment quantities that will be needed. Before any RF levels are
tested in the building, you can estimate that 2 antennas per level will be needed.
This assumes no propagation between floors. If there is propagation, you may not
need antennas on every floor.
a. 2 antennas per floor × 16 floors = 32 RAUs
b. 32 RAUs ÷ 8 (maximum 8 RAUs per Expansion Hub) = 4 Expansion Hubs
c. 4 Expansion Hubs ÷ 4 (maximum 4 Expansion Hubs per Main Hub) = 1 Main
Hub
Check that the MMF and Cat-5 cable distances are as recommended. If the dis-
tances differ, use the tables in Section 6.3, “System Gain,” on page 6-27 to deter-
mine system gains or losses. The path loss may need to be recalculated to assure
adequate signal levels in the required coverage distance.
The above estimates assume that all cable length requirements are met. If Expansion
Hubs cannot be placed so that the RAUs are within the distance requirement, addi-
tional Expansion Hubs may need to be placed closer to the required RAUs locations.
An RF Site Survey and Building Evaluation is required to accurately establish the
Unison equipment quantities required for the building. The site survey measures the
RF losses within the building to determine the actual PLS, which will be used in the
final path loss formula to determine the actual requirements of the Unison system.
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6.3 System Gain
The system gain can be decreased from 15 dB to 0 dB gain in 1 dB increments and
the uplink and downlink gains of each RAU can be independently decreased by
10 dB in one step using AdminManager or OpsConsole.
6.3.1 System Gain (Loss) Relative to ScTP Cable Length
The recommended minimum length of ScTP cable is 10 meters (33 ft) and the recom-
mended maximum length is 100 meters (328 ft). The system should not be operated
with ScTP cable that is less than 10 meters (33 ft) in length, system performance will
be greatly compromised. If the ScTP cable is longer than 100 meters (328 ft), the gain
of the system will decrease, as shown in Table 6-29.
Table 6-29 System Gain (Loss) Relative to ScTP Cable Length
ScTP Cable
Length
Typical change in system gain (dB)
Downlink Uplink
800 MHz TDMA/AMPS and CDMA; 900 MHz GSM and
EGSM; and iDEN
110 m / 361 ft –1.0 –0.7
120 m / 394 ft –3.2 –2.4
130 m / 426 ft –5.3 –4.1
140 m / 459 ft –7.5 –5.8
150 m / 492 ft –9.7 –7.6
1800 MHz GSM (DCS); 1900 MHz TDMA, CDMA, and GSM
110 m / 361 ft –1.0 –0.7
120 m / 394 ft –4.0 –2.4
130 m / 426 ft –6.4 –4.1
140 m / 459 ft –8.8 –5.8
150 m / 492 ft –11.3 –7.6
2.1 GHz UMTS
110 m / 361 ft –1.0 –0.7
120 m / 394 ft –3.2 –2.4
130 m / 426 ft –5.3 –4.1
140 m / 459 ft –7.5 –5.8
150 m / 492 ft –9.7 –7.6
6-28 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
6.4 Link Budget Analysis
A link budget is a methodical way to account for the gains and losses in an RF system
so that the quality of coverage can be predicted. The end result can often be stated as
a “design goal” in which the coverage is determined by the maximum distance from
each RAU before the signal strength falls beneath that goal.
One key feature of the link budget is the maximum power per carrier discussed in
Section 6.1. While the maximum power per carrier is important as far as emissions
and signal quality requirements are concerned, it is critical that the maximum signal
into the Main Hub never exceed 1W (+30 dBm). Composite power levels above this
limit will cause damage to the Main Hub.
WARNING: Exceeding the maximum input power of 1W (+30 dBm)
could cause permanent damage to the Main Hub.
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6.4.1 Elements of a Link Budget for Narrowband Standards
The link budget represents a typical calculation that might be used to determine how
much path loss can be afforded in a Unison design. This link budget analyzes both the
downlink and uplink paths. For most configurations, the downlink requires lower
path loss and is therefore the limiting factor in the system design. It is for this reason
that a predetermined “design goal” for the downlink is sufficient to predict coverage
distance.
The link budget is organized in a simple manner: the transmitted power is calculated,
the airlink losses due to fading and body loss are summed, and the receiver sensitivity
(minimum level a signal can be received for acceptable call quality) is calculated. The
maximum allowable path loss (in dB) is the difference between the transmitted
power, less the airlink losses, and the receiver sensitivity. From the path loss, the
maximum coverage distance can be estimated using the path loss formula presented
in Section 6.2.1.
Table 6-30 provides link budget considerations for narrowband systems.
Table 6-30 Link Budget Considerations for Narrowband Systems
Consideration Description
BTS Transmit Power The power per carrier transmitted from the base station output
Attenuation between
BTS and Unison
This includes all losses: cable, attenuator, splitter/combiner, and so forth.
On the downlink, attenuation must be chosen so that the maximum power per carrier going into the
Main Hub does not exceed the levels given in Section 6.1.
On the uplink, attenuation is chosen to keep the maximum uplink signal and noise level low enough
to prevent base station alarms but small enough not to cause degradation in the system sensitivity.
If the Unison noise figure minus the attenuation is at least 10 dB higher than the BTS noise figure,
the system noise figure will be approximately that of Unison alone. See Section 6.6 for ways to inde-
pendently set the uplink and downlink attenuations between the base station and Unison.
Antenna Gain The radiated output power includes antenna gain. For example, if you use a 3 dBi antenna at the
RAU that is transmitting 0 dBm per carrier, the effective radiated power (relative to an isotropic
radiator) is 3 dBm per carrier.
BTS Noise Figure This is the effective noise floor of the base station input (usually base station sensitivity is this effec-
tive noise floor plus a certain C/I ratio).
Unison Noise Figure This is Unison’s uplink noise figure, which varies depending on the number of Expansion Hubs and
RAUs, and the frequency band. Unison’s uplink noise figure is specified for a 1-1-4 configuration.
Thus, the noise figure for a Unison system (or multiple systems whose uplink ports are power com-
bined) will be NF(1-1-4) + 10*log(# of Expansion Hubs). This represents an upper-bound because
the noise figure is lower if any of the Expansion Hub’s RAU ports are not used.
6-30 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
Thermal Noise This is the noise level in the signal bandwidth (BW).
Thermal noise power = –174 dBm/Hz + 10Log(BW).
Required C/I ratio For each wireless standard a certain C/I (carrier to interference) ratio is needed to obtain acceptable
demodulation performance. For narrowband systems, (TDMA, GSM, EDGE, iDEN, AMPS) this
level varies from about 9 dB to 20 dB.
Mobile Transmit
Power
The maximum power the mobile can transmit (power transmitted at highest power level setting).
Multipath Fade
Margin
This margin allows for a certain level of fading due to multipath interference. Inside buildings there
is often one or more fairly strong signals and many weaker signals arriving from reflections and dif-
fraction. Signals arriving from multiple paths add constructively or destructively. This margin
accounts for the possibility of destructive multipath interference. In RF site surveys this margin will
not appear because it will be averaged out over power level samples taken over many locations.
Log-normal Fade
Margin
This margin adds an allowance for RF shadowing due to objects obstructing the direct path between
the mobile equipment and the RAU. In RF site surveys, this shadowing will not appear because it
will be averaged out over power level samples taken over many locations.
Body Loss This accounts for RF attenuation caused by the user’s head and body.
Minimum Received
Signal Level
This is also referred to as the “design goal”. The link budget says that you can achieve adequate cov-
erage if the signal level is, on average, above this level over 95% of the area covered, for example.
Table 6-30 Link Budget Considerations for Narrowband Systems (continued)
Consideration Description
Protocol Signal
Bandwidth Thermal
Noise
TDMA 30 kHz –129 dBm
GSM 200 kHz –121 dBm
iDEN 25 kHz –130 dBm
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6.4.2 Narrowband Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell Application
Narrowband Link Budget Analysis: Downlink
• c = a + b
• f = c + d + e
• j = g + h + i
• n = k + l + m
• k: in this example, k represents the thermal noise for a TDMA signal, which
has a bandwidth of 30 kHz
•p = f – j – n
Line Downlink
Transmitter
a. BTS transmit power per carrier (dBm) 33
b. Attenuation between BTS and Unison (dB) –23
c. Power into Unison (dBm) 10
d. Unison gain (dB) 0
e. Antenna gain (dBi) 3
f. Radiated power per carrier (dBm) 13
Airlink
g. Multipath fade margin (dB) 6
h. Log-normal fade margin with 8 dB std. deviation, edge reliability 90%
(dB)
10
i. Body loss (dB) 3
j. Airlink losses (not including facility path loss) 19
Receiver
k. Thermal noise (dBm/30 kHz) –129
l. Mobile noise figure (dB) 7
m. Required C/I ratio (dB) 12
n. Minimum received signal (dBm) –110
p. Maximum path loss (dB) 104
6-32 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
Narrowband Link Budget Analysis: Uplink
• e: enter the noise figure and gain of each system component (a, b, c, and d) into
the standard cascaded noise figure formula
• i = f + e + g – h
• m = j + k + l
• p = n – m – i
Therefore, the system is downlink limited but the downlink and uplink are almost
balanced, which is a desirable condition.
Line Uplink
Receiver
a. BTS noise figure (dB) 4
b. Attenuation between BTS and Unison (dB) –10
c. Unison gain (dB) 0
d. Unison noise figure (dB) 1-4-32 22
e. System noise figure (dB) 22.6
f. Thermal noise (dBm/30 kHz) –129
g. Required C/I ratio (dB) 12
h. Antenna gain (dBi) 3
i. Receive sensitivity (dBm) –97.4
Airlink
j. Multipath fade margin (dB) 6
k. Log-normal fade margin with 8 dB std. deviation, edge reliability 90%
(dB)
10
l. Body loss (dB) 3
m. Airlink losses (not including facility path loss) 19
Transmitter
n. Mobile transmit power (dBm) 28
p. Maximum path loss (dB) 106.4
Fsys = F1 + + + ....
F2 – 1
G1
F3 – 1
G1G2
where
F = 10
(See Rappaport, Theodore S. Wireless Communications, Principles, and Practice. Prentice Hall PTR, 1996.)
(Noise Figure/10)
G = 10(Gain/10)
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-33
620003-0 Rev. B
6.4.3 Elements of a Link Budget for CDMA Standards
A CDMA link budget is slightly more complicated because the spread spectrum
nature of CDMA must be considered. Unlike narrowband standards such as TDMA
and GSM, CDMA signals are spread over a relatively wide frequency band. Upon
reception, the CDMA signal is de-spread. In the de-spreading process the power in
the received signal becomes concentrated into a narrow band, whereas the noise level
remains unchanged. Hence, the signal-to-noise ratio of the de-spread signal is higher
than that of the CDMA signal before de-spreading. This increase is called processing
gain. For IS-95 and J-STD-008, the processing gain is 21 dB or 19 dB depending on
the user data rate (9.6 Kbps for rate set 1 and 14.4 Kbps for rate set 2, respectively).
Because of the processing gain, a CDMA signal (comprising one Walsh code channel
within the composite CDMA signal) can be received at a lower level than that
required for narrowband signals. A reasonable level is –95 dBm, which results in
about –85 dBm composite as shown below.
An important issue to keep in mind is that the downlink CDMA signal is composed of
many orthogonal channels: pilot, paging, sync, and traffic. The composite power
level is the sum of the powers from the individual channels. An example is given in
the following table.
This table assumes that there are 15 active traffic channels operating with 50% voice
activity (so that the total power adds up to 100%). Notice that the pilot and sync chan-
nels together contribute about 25% of the power. When measuring the power in a
CDMA signal you must be aware that if only the pilot and sync channels are active,
the power level will be about 6 to 7 dB lower than the maximum power level you can
expect when all voice channels are active. The implication is that if only the pilot and
sync channels are active, and the maximum power per carrier table says that you
should not exceed 10 dBm for a CDMA signal, for example, then you should set the
attenuation between the base station and the Main Hub so that the Main Hub receives
3 dBm (assuming 0 dB system gain).
An additional consideration for CDMA systems is that the uplink and downlink paths
should be gain and noise balanced. This is required for proper operation of soft-hand-
off to the outdoor network as well as preventing excess interference that is caused by
mobiles on the indoor system transmitting at power levels that are not coordinated
with the outdoor mobiles. This balance is achieved if the power level transmitted by
the mobiles under close-loop power control is similar to the power level transmitted
under open-loop power control. The open-loop power control equation is
PTX + PRX = –73 dBm (for Cellular, IS-95)
Table 6-31 Distribution of Power within a CDMA Signal
Channel Walsh Code Number Relative Power Level
Pilot 0 20% –7.0 dB
Sync 32 5% –13.3 dB
Primary Paging 1 19% –7.3 dB
Traffic 8–31, 33–63 9% (per traffic channel) –10.3 dB
6-34 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
PTX + PRX = –76 dBm (for PCS, J-STD-008)
where PTX is the mobile’s transmitted power and PRX is the power received by the
mobile.
The power level transmitted under closed-loop power control is adjusted by the base
station to achieve a certain Eb/N0 (explained in Table 6-32 on page 6-34). The differ-
ence between these power levels, ∆P, can be estimated by comparing the power radi-
ated from the RAU, Pdownink, to the minimum received signal, Puplink, at the RAU:
∆P = Pdownink + Puplink + 73 dBm (for Cellular)
∆P = Pdownink + Puplink + 76 dBm (for PCS)
It’s a good idea to keep –12 dB < ∆P < 12 dB.
Table 6-32 provides link budget considerations for CDMA systems.
Table 6-32 Additional Link Budget Considerations for CDMA
Consideration Description
Multipath Fade
Margin
The multipath fade margin can be reduced (by at least 3 dB) by using different lengths of optical fiber (this
is called “delay diversity”). The delay over fiber is approximately 5µS/km. If the difference in fiber
lengths to Expansion Hubs with overlapping coverage areas produces at least 1 chip (0.8µS) delay of one
path relative to the other, then the multipaths’ signals can be resolved and processed independently by the
base station’s rake receiver. A CDMA signal traveling through 163 meters of MMF cable will be delayed
by approximately one chip.
Power per car-
rier, downlink
This depends on how many channels are active. For example, the signal will be about 7 dB lower if only
the pilot, sync, and paging channels are active compared to a fully-loaded CDMA signal. Furthermore, in
the CDMA forward link, voice channels are turned off when the user is not speaking. On average this is
assumed to be about 50% of the time. So, in the spreadsheet, both the power per Walsh code channel (rep-
resenting how much signal a mobile will receive on the Walsh code that it is de-spreading) and the total
power are used.
The channel power is needed to determine the maximum path loss, and the total power is needed to deter-
mine how hard the Unison system is being driven.
The total power for a fully-loaded CDMA signal is given by (approximately):
total power = voice channel power + 13 dB + 10log10 (50%)
= voice channel power + 10 dB
Information Rate This is simply
10log10(9.6 Kbps) = 40 dB for rate set 1
10log10(14.4 Kbps) = 42 dB for rate set 2
Process Gain The process of de-spreading the desired signal boosts that signal relative to the noise and interference.
This gain needs to be included in the link budget. In the following formulas, PG = process gain:
PG = 10log10(1.25 MHz / 9.6 Kbps) = 21 dB rate set 1
PG = 10log10(1.25 MHz / 14.4 Kbps) = 19 dB rate set 2
Note that the process gain can also be expressed as 10log10 (CDMA bandwidth) minus the information
rate.
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-35
620003-0 Rev. B
Other CDMA Issues
• Never combine multiple sectors (more than one CDMA signal at the same fre-
quency) into a Unison system. The combined CDMA signals will interfere with
each other.
• Try to minimize overlap between in-building coverage areas that utilize different
sectors, as well as in-building coverage and outdoor coverage areas. This is impor-
tant because any area in which more than one dominant pilot signal (at the same
frequency) is measured by the mobile will result in soft-handoff. Soft-handoff
decreases the overall network capacity by allocating multiple channel resources to
a single mobile phone.
Eb/No This is the energy-per-bit divided by the received noise and interference. It’s the CDMA equivalent of sig-
nal-to-noise ratio (SNR). This figure depends on the mobile’s receiver and the multipath environment. For
example, the multipath delays inside a building are usually too small for a rake receiver in the mobile (or
base station) to resolve and coherently combine multipath components. However, if artificial delay can be
introduced by, for instance, using different lengths of cable, then the required Eb/No will be lower and the
multipath fade margin in the link budget can be reduced in some cases.
If the receiver noise figure is NF (dB), then the receive sensitivity (dBm) is given by:
Psensitivity = NF + Eb/No + thermal noise in a 1.25 MHz band – PG
= NF + Eb/No – 113 (dBm/1.25 MHz) – PG
Noise Rise On the uplink, the noise floor is determined not only by the Unison system, but also by the number of
mobiles that are transmitting. This is because when the base station attempts to de-spread a particular
mobile’s signal, all other mobile signals appear to be noise. Because the noise floor rises as more mobiles
try to communicate with a base station, the more mobiles there are, the more power they have to transmit.
Hence, the noise floor rises rapidly:
noise rise = 10log10(1 / (1 – loading))
where loading is the number of users as a percentage of the theoretical maximum number of users.
Typically, a base station is set to limit the loading to 75%. This noise ratio must be included in the link
budget as a worst-case condition for uplink sensitivity. If there are less users than 75% of the maximum,
then the uplink coverage will be better than predicted.
Hand-off Gain CDMA supports soft hand-off, a process by which the mobile communicates simultaneously with more
than one base station or more than one sector of a base station. Soft hand-off provides improved receive
sensitivity because there are two or more receivers or transmitters involved. A line for hand-off gain is
included in the CDMA link budgets worksheet although the gain is set to 0 dB because the in-building
system will probably be designed to limit soft-handoff.
Table 6-32 Additional Link Budget Considerations for CDMA (continued)
Consideration Description
6-36 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
6.4.4 Spread Spectrum Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell
Application
Spread Spectrum Link Budget Analysis: Downlink
Line Downlink
Transmitter
a. BTS transmit power per traffic channel (dBm) 30.0
b. Voice activity factor 50%
c. Composite power (dBm) 40.0
d. Attenuation between BTS and Unison (dB) –24
e. Power per channel into Unison (dBm) 9.0
f. Composite power into Unison (dBm) 16.0
g. Unison gain (dB) 0.0
h. Antenna gain (dBi) 3.0
i. Radiated power per channel (dBm) 12.0
j. Composite radiated power (dBm) 19.0
Airlink
k. Handoff gain (dB) 0.0
l. Multipath fade margin (dB) 6.0
m. Log-normal fade margin with 8 dB std. deviation, edge reliability
90% (dB)
10.0
n. Additional loss (dB) 0.0
o. Body loss (dB) 3.0
p. Airlink losses (not including facility path loss) 19.0
Receiver
q. Mobile noise figure (dB) 7.0
r. Thermal noise (dBm/Hz) –174.0
s. Receiver interference density (dBm/Hz) –167.0
t. Information ratio (dB/Hz) 41.6
u. Required Eb/(No+lo)7.0
v. Receive Sensitivity (dBm) –118.4
w. Minimum received signal (dBm) –99.4
x. Maximum path loss (dB) –99.4
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-37
620003-0 Rev. B
• b and c: see notes in Table 6-32 regarding power per carrier, downlink
• e = a + d
•f = c + d
• i = e + g + h
• j = f + g + h
• p = –k + l + m + n + o
• s = q + r
• v = s + t + u
• w = p + v
•x = j – w
• y = j (downlink) + m (uplink) + P
where
P = Ptx + Prx = –73 dB for Cellular
–76 dB for PCS
6-38 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
Spread Spectrum Link Budget Analysis: Uplink
Line Uplink
Receiver
a. BTS noise figure (dB) 3.0
b. Attenuation between BTS and Unison (dB) –30.0
c. Unison gain (dB) 0.0
d. Unison noise figure (dB) 22.0
e. System noise figure (dB) 33.3
f. Thermal noise (dBm/Hz) –174.0
g. Noise rise 75% loading (dB) 6.0
h. Receiver interference density (dBm/Hz) –134.6
i. Information rate (dB/Hz) 41.6
j. Required Eb/(No+lo)5.0
k. Handoff gain (dB) 0.0
l. Antenna gain (dBi) 3.0
m. Minimum received signal (dBm) –91.1
Airlink
n. Multipath fade margin (dB) 6.0
o. Log-normal fade margin with 8 dB std. deviation, edge reliability
90% (dB)
10.0
p. Additional loss (dB) 0.0
q. Body loss (dB) 3.0
r. Airlink losses (not including facility path loss) 19.0
Transmitter
s. Mobile transmit power (dBm) 28.0
t. Maximum path loss (dB) 100.1
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-39
620003-0 Rev. B
• e: enter the noise figure and gain of each system component (a, b, c, and d) into
the standard cascaded noise figure formula
• h = e + f + g
• m = h + i + j –k – l
• r = n + o + p + q
• t = s – r – m
Fsys = F1 + + + ....
F2 – 1
G1
F3 – 1
G1G2
where
F = 10
(See Rappaport, Theodore S. Wireless Communications, Principles, and Practice. Prentice Hall PTR, 1996.)
(Noise Figure/10)
G = 10(Gain/10)
6-40 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
6.4.5 Considerations for Re-Radiation (over-the-air) Systems
Unison can be used to extend the coverage of the outdoor network by connecting to a
roof-top donor antenna that is pointed toward an outdoor base station. Additional
considerations for such an application of Unison are:
• Sizing the gain and output power requirements for a bi-directional amplifier
(repeater).
• Ensuring that noise radiated on the uplink from the in-building system does not
cause the outdoor base station to become desensitized to wireless handsets in the
outdoor network.
• Filtering out signals that lie in adjacent frequency bands. For instance, if you are
providing coverage for Cellular B-band operation it may be necessary to filter out
the A, A’ and A” bands which may contain strong signals from other outdoor base
stations.
Further information on these issues can be found in LGC Wireless’ application notes
for re-radiation applications.
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-41
620003-0 Rev. B
6.5 Optical Power Budget
Unison uses SC/APC connectors. The connector losses associated with mating to
these connectors is accounted for in the design and should not be included as ele-
ments of the optical power budget. The reason is that when the optical power budget
is defined, measurements are taken with these connectors in place.
The Unison optical power budget for both multi-mode and single-mode fiber cable is
3.0 dB (optical).
The maximum loss through the fiber can not exceed 3 dB (optical). The maximum
lengths of the fiber cable should not exceed 1.5 km (4,921 ft) for multi-mode and 6 km
(19,685 ft) for single-mode. Both the optical budget and the maximum cable length
must be taken into consideration when designing the system.
NOTE: It is critical to system performance that only SC/APC fiber connectors are
used throughout the fiber network, including fiber distribution panels.
6-42 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
6.6 Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station
The first consideration when connecting Unison Main Hubs to a base station is to
ensure there is an equal amount of loss through cables, combiners, etc. from the base
station to the Main Hubs. For this example, assume that the base station will have
simplex connections, one uplink and one downlink. Each of these connections will
need to be divided to equilibrate power for each Main Hub. For example, two Main
Hubs will require a 2×1 combiner/divider; four Main Hubs will require a 4×1 com-
biner/divider; and so on.
Figure 6-2 Connecting Main Hubs to a Simplex Base Station
When connecting a Unison Main Hub to a base station, also consider the following:
1. The downlink power from the base station must be attenuated enough so that the
power radiated by the RAU does not exceed the maximum power per carrier listed
in Section 6.1, “Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU,” on page 6-3.
2. The uplink attenuation should be small enough that the sensitivity of the overall
system is limited by Unison, not by the attenuator. However, some base stations
will trigger alarms if the noise or signal levels are too high. In this case the attenu-
ation will have to be large enough to prevent this from happening.
If, in an area covered by Unison, a mobile phone indicates good signal strength but
consistently has difficulty completing calls, it is possible that the attenuation between
Unison and the base station needs to be adjusted. In other words, it is possible that if
the uplink is over-attenuated, the downlink power will provide good coverage, but the
uplink coverage distance will be small.
When there is an excessive amount of loss between the Main Hub uplink and the base
station, the uplink system gain can be increased to as much as 15 dB to prevent a
reduction in the overall system sensitivity.
Base Station
2 × 1 combiner/divider
Downlink/Forward
Main Hub 1
Main Hub 2
Uplink/Reverse
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6.6.1 Attenuation
Figure 6-3 shows a typical setup wherein a duplex base station is connected to a Main
Hub. For a simplex base station, eliminate the circulator and connect the simplex
ports of the base station to the simplex ports of the Main Hub. Add attenuators to reg-
ulate the power appropriately.
Figure 6-3 Main Hub to Duplex Base Station or Repeater Connections
Duplex
Base Station Main Hub
Forward
Reverse
A3
A1
A2
• A typical circulator has an IP3 of +70dBm. If you drive the circulator too hard it will produce
intermods that are bigger than the intermods produced by Unison. The IP3 at the Forward
port input of the Main Hub is approximately +38 dBm. The IP3 of the circulator at that same
point (i.e., following attenuator A1) is +70dBm – A1. Thus, to keep the system IP3 from
being adversely affected by the circulator, attenuator A1 should be no more than approxi-
mately +30 dB.
• A filter diplexer can be used in place of the circulator. The IP3 of the diplexer can be
assumed to be greater than +100 dBm. If a diplexer is used, A3 can be omitted.
• A1+A3 should be chosen so that the output power per carrier at the RAU’s output is correct
for the number of carriers being transmitted. Suppose the base station transmits 36 dBm
per carrier and it is desired that the RAU output be 6 dBm per carrier and the forward port
gain is 0 dB. Then A1+A3=30 dB.
• A2+A3 should, ideally, be at least 10 dB less than the noise figure plus the gain of the Uni-
son system. For example, if the reverse port has a 0 dB gain and if there are 32 RAUs, the
noise figure is approximately 22 dB. So A2+A3 should be about 10 dB. If A2+A3 is too
large, the uplink coverage can be severely reduced.
• Given these three equations:
A1 < 30 dB
A1+A3 = 30 dB (in this example)
A2+A3 < 10 dB (in this example)
we could choose A1=20 dB, A2=0 dB, A3=10 dB
or
Repeater
6-44 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
6.6.2 Uplink Attenuation
The attenuation between the Main Hub’s uplink port and the base station does two
things:
1. It attenuates the noise coming out of Unison.
2. It attenuates the desired signals coming out of Unison.
Setting the attenuation on the uplink is a trade-off between keeping the noise and
maximum signal levels transmitted from Unison to the base station receiver low
while not reducing the SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) of the path from the RAU inputs to
the base station inputs. This SNR can not be better than the SNR of Unison by itself,
although it can be significantly worse.
For example, suppose we have a GSM Unison system consisting of one Main Hub,
four Expansion Hubs, and 32 RAUs (1-4-32) with uplink NF=22 dB. (See Table 6-32
on page 6-34.) If we use 30 dB of attenuation between the Main Hub’s uplink port
and the base station (which has its own noise figure of about 4 dB), the overall noise
figure will be 34.3 dB (refer to the formula on page 6-32) which is 12.3 dB worse
than Unison by itself. That causes a 12.3 dB reduction in the uplink coverage dis-
tance. Now, if the attenuation instead is 10 dB, the cascaded noise figure is
NF=22.6 dB, which implies that the uplink sensitivity is limited by Unison, a desir-
able condition.
Rule of Thumb
A good rule of thumb is to set the uplink attenuation, A2+A3 in Figure 6-3 on
page 6-43, as follows:
A2+A3 ≈ Unison uplink NF + uplink gain (0 dB for reverse port) – BTS NF – 10dB
and round A2 down to the nearest convenient attenuation value.
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-45
620003-0 Rev. B
6.6.2.1 Uplink Attenuation Exception: CDMA
In CDMA systems, the power transmitted by the mobile is determined by the charac-
teristics of both the uplink and downlink paths. The power transmitted by the mobile
should be similar in open-loop control (as determined by the downlink path) as dur-
ing closed-loop control (as determined by the uplink and downlink paths). In addi-
tion, the mobile’s transmit power when it communicates with a base station through
Unison should be similar to the power transmitted when it communicates with a base
station in the outdoor network (during soft hand-off). Because of these consider-
ations, you should not allow the downlink and uplink gains to vary widely.
Open-loop power control:
PTX = –76 dBm (for PCS) – PRX
where PTX is the power transmitted and PRX is the power received by the mobile. If
PL is the path loss (in dB) between the RAU and the mobile, and PDN is the downlink
power radiated by the RAU, then
PTX = –76 dBm (for PCS) – PDN + PL
Closed-loop power control:
PTX = noise floor + uplink NF – process gain + Eb/No + PL
= –113 dBm/1.25 Mhz + NF – 19 dB + 7 dB + PL
where Eb/No = 7 dB is a rough estimate, and NF is the cascaded noise figure of the
Unison uplink, the uplink attenuation, and the base station noise figure. Equating PTX
for the open-loop and closed-loop we see that
NF = 49 – PDN
where PDN is determined by the downlink attenuation. Since PDN for Unison is about
10 dBm, we see that the cascaded noise figure is about 39 dB, which is considerably
higher than that of Unison itself. This implies that we should use a fairly large attenu-
ation on the uplink. This case suggests using as much attenuation on the downlink as
on the uplink. The drawback of doing this is that the uplink coverage sensitivity is
reduced. A link budget analysis will clarify these issues. Typically, the uplink attenu-
ation between the Main Hub and the base station will be the same as, or maybe 10 dB
less than, the downlink attenuation.
6-46 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
6.7 Designing for a Neutral Host System
Designing for a neutral host system uses the same design rules previously discussed.
Since a neutral host system typically uses multiple systems in parallel with common
equipment locations, we find it best to design according to the minimum among the
systems’ RAU coverage distances so that there will not be holes in the coverage area,
and so that the economies of a single installation can be achieved. For example, as
indicated in Section 7.1, the 1900 MHz RF signals do not propagate throughout a
building as well as the 800 MHz signals. Therefore, we design using the 1900 MHz
radiated distance, calculated with the path loss slope formula.
The example neutral host system described below consists of one iDEN, one 800
MHz, and two 1900 MHz systems and can support up to seven separate service pro-
viders in the following manner:
•1 on iDEN
• 2 on 800 MHz, A band and B band
• 2 in each of the two 1900 MHz frequency sub-bands
Example Unison Neutral Host System
The following example configuration was designed to provide:
• Similar coverage per band in an office environment that is 80% cubicles and
20% offices.
• Similar capacity.
• Support for up to 7 Operators, where equipment has been shared to minimize
the number of parallel systems.
Example Configuration:
• 800 MHz iDEN: 16 channels (3 dBm)
• 800 MHz Cellular (3 dBm)
TDMA Band: 14 channels (shared)
CDMA Band: 3 channels (shared)
• 1900 MHz PCS (6 dBm)
TDMA Band: 14 channels
CDMA Band: 3 channels (shared)
GSM Band: 6 channels (shared)
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-47
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Similar coverage is achieved by setting the transmit power per carrier of the 800 MHz
systems to 3 dBm per carrier and those of the 1900 MHz systems to 6 dBm per car-
rier.
The numbers of RF carriers were selected in order to match subscriber capacity
approximately. Because each protocol in the example supports a different number of
voice channels, the RF carrier numbers also differ. As the following table indicates,
the 800 MHz Cellular and shared 1900 MHz systems can support additional RF carri-
ers without decreasing the power per carrier figures.
For logistical reasons, Operators involved in a neutral host system sometimes prefer
not to share equipment with other Operators. From technical and economic perspec-
tives, too, this can be a prudent practice in medium to high-capacity installations.
Though deploying parallel systems appears to increase the amount of equipment
needed as well as the system cost, the trade-off between capacity and coverage must
be considered because, in short, as capacity increases, coverage area per RAU
decreases. Therefore, more RAUs (and perhaps Expansion Hubs and Main Hubs) are
needed to cover a given floor space.
6-48 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
The following table shows the capacities of both 800 and 1900 MHz Unison systems
used for single and multiple protocol applications. The power per carrier for each sys-
tem is based on providing equal coverage areas for both systems when they are used
in an office building that is 80% cubicles and 20% offices.
Note 1
The RF channel capacity limits are based on the Unison data sheets’ “typical” specifications for fiber length, Cat-5 length, and RF perfor-
mance.
Note 2
The subscriber capacity limits are based on the Erlang B traffic model with a 2% GOS. Each user has a 50mErlangs, which is higher than
the standard 35mErlangs.
Table 1 Unison Capacity: Equal Coverage Areas
Operator #1 Operator #2
Protocol RF
Chs Voice Chs Subscribers Protocol RF
Chs Voice Chs Subscribers
800 MHz Cellular A/B (Unison); 3 dBm power per carrier
TDMA only 35 104 1837 N/A —— —
CDMA only 12 180–240 3327–4517 N/A —— —
TDMA
(combining with CDMA:
Operator #2)
15 44 694 CDMA
(combining with TDMA:
Operator #1)
10 150–200 2736–3723
20 59 974 7 105–140 1856–2540
25 74 1259 4 60–80 993–1374
28 83 1431 2 30–40 439–620
800 MHz iDEN (Unison); 3 dBm power per carrier
iDEN only 16 47 749 N/A —— —
1900 MHz PCS (Unison); 6 dBm power per carrier
TDMA only 14 41 638 N/A —— —
CDMA only 10 150–200 2736–3723 N/A —— —
GSM only 14 111 1973 N/A —— —
TDMA
(combining with CDMA:
Operator #2)
617 213 CDMA
(combining with TDMA:
Operator #1)
4 60–80 993–1374
8 23 315 3 45–60 712–993
10 29 421 2 30–40 439–620
11 32 474 1 15–20 180–264
TDMA
(combining with GSM:
Operator #2)
617 213 GSM
(combining with TDMA:
Operator #1)
755 899
8 23 315 5 39 602
10 29 421 3 23 315
11 32 474 2 15 180
CDMA
(combining with GSM:
Operator #2)
2 30–40 439–620 GSM
(combining with CDMA:
Operator #1)
10 79 1355
4 60–80 993–1374 7 55 899
6 90–120 1566–2148 4 31 457
8 120–200 2148–2933 1 7 59
PN 8700-10 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual 7-1
620003-0 Rev. B
SECTION 7 Installing Unison
7.1 Installation Requirements
7.1.1 Component Location Requirements
Unison components are intended to be installed in indoor locations only.
7.1.2 Cable and Connector Requirements
The Unison equipment operates over:
• Category 5 or 6 (Cat-5/6) screened twisted pair (ScTP) cable with shielded RJ-45
connectors
• Single-mode fiber (SMF) or multi-mode fiber (MMF) cable with SC/APC fiber
connectors throughout the fiber network, including fiber distribution panels
These cables are widely used industry standards for Local Area Networks (LANs).
The regulations and guidelines for Unison cable installation are identical to those
specified by the TIA/EIA 568-A standard and the TIA/EIA/IS-729 supplement for
LANs.
LGC Wireless recommends plenum-rated Cat-5/6 ScTP and fiber cable and connec-
tors for conformity to building codes and standards.
Mohawk/CDT 55986 or Belden 1624P DataTwist® Five ScTP cable, or equivalent is
required.
NOTE: In order to meet FCC and CE Mark emissions requirements, the Cat-5/6
cable must be screened (ScTP) and it must be grounded using shielded RJ-45 con-
nectors at both ends.
7-2 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
7.1.3 Multiple Operator System Recommendations
As in any Unison system, a multiple operator (neutral host) system requires one pair
of fiber strands between each Main Hub and each Expansion Hub, and one Cat-5/6
cable between each Expansion Hub and each RAU. In situations where Hubs and/or
RAUs will be installed in the future to support the addition of frequency bands and/or
wireless Operators, it is advantageous to install the necessary cabling initially. Such
deployment typically leads to substantial cost savings over installing parallel cabling
at separate times.
7.1.4 Distance Requirements
The following table shows the distances between Unison components and related
equipment.
Table 7-1 Unison Distance Requirements
Equipment
Combination Cable Type Distance Additional Information
Repeater to Main
Hub
Coaxial; N male
connectors
3–6 m (10–20 ft) typical Limited by loss and noise.
Refer to your link budget
calculation.
10 m (33 ft) maximum Limited by CE Mark require-
ments.
Base Station to Main
Hub
Coaxial; N male
connectors
3–6 m (10–20 ft) typical Limited by loss and noise.
Refer to your link budget
calculation.
10 m (33 ft) maximum Limited by CE Mark require-
ments.
Main Hub to
Expansion Hub
Multi-mode Fiber:
Single-mode Fiber:
SC/APC male
connectors
1.5 km (4,921 ft) max.
6 km (19,685 ft) max.
Limited by 3 dB optical loss.
Expansion Hub to
RAU
Cat-5/6 ScTP;
shielded RJ-45 male
connectors
• Minimum: 10 meters (33 ft)
• Recommended Max.: 100 meters (328 ft)
• Absolute Max.: 150 meters (492 ft)
See “System Gain (Loss)
Relative to ScTP Cable
Length” on page 6-27.
RAU to passive
antenna
Coaxial; SMA male
connectors
1–3.5 m (3–12 ft) typical Limited by loss and noise.
Refer to your link budget
calculation.
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-3
620003-0 Rev. B
7.2 Safety Precautions
7.2.1 Installation Guidelines
Use the following guidelines when installing LGC Wireless equipment:
1. Provide sufficient airflow and cooling to the equipment to prevent heat build-up
from exceeding the maximum ambient air temperature specification. Do not com-
promise the amount of airflow required for safe operation of the equipment.
2. If you are removing the system, turn it off and remove the power cord first. There
are no user-serviceable parts inside the components.
3. The internal power supply has internal fuses that are not user replaceable. Con-
sider the worst-case power consumption shown on the product labels when provi-
sioning the equipment’s AC power source and distribution.
7.2.2 General Safety Precautions
The following precautions apply to LGC Wireless products:
• The units have no user-serviceable parts. Faulty or failed units are fully replaceable
through LGC Wireless. Please contact us at:
1-800-530-9960 (U.S. only)
+1-408-952-2400 (International)
+44(0) 1223 597812 (Europe)
• Although modeled after an Ethernet/LAN architecture and connectivity, the units
are not intended to connect to Ethernet data hubs, routers, cards, or other similar
data equipment.
• When you connect the fiber optic cable, take the same precaution as if installing
Ethernet network equipment. All optical fiber SC/APC connectors should be
cleaned according to the cable manufacturer’s instructions.
• When you connect a radiating antenna to an RAU, DO NOT over-tighten the SMA
connector. Firmly hand-tightening the connector is adequate.
WARNING: To reduce the risk of fire or electric shock, do not
expose this equipment to rain or moisture. The components are
intended for indoor use only. Do not install the RAU outdoors. Do not
connect an RAU to an antenna that is located outside where it could
be subject to lightning strikes, power crosses, or wind.
7-4 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
7.2.3 Fiber Port Safety Precautions
The following are suggested safety precautions for working with fiber ports. For
information about system compliance with safety standards, see Appendix C.
WARNING: Observe the following warning about viewing fiber
ends in ports. Do not stare with unprotected eyes at the connector
ends of the fibers or the ports of the hubs. Invisible infrared radia-
tion is present at the front panel of the Main Hub and the Expansion
Hub. Do not remove the fiber port dust caps unless the port is going to be used.
Do not stare directly into a fiber port.
•Test fiber cables: When you test fiber optic cables, connect the optical power
source last and disconnect it first. Use Class 1 test equipment.
•Fiber ends: Cover any unconnected fiber ends with an approved cap. Do not use
tape.
•Broken fiber cables: Do not stare with unprotected eyes at any broken ends of the
fibers. Laser light emitted from fiber sources can cause eye injury. Avoid contact
with broken fibers; they are sharp and can pierce the skin. Report any broken fiber
cables and have them replaced.
•Cleaning: Be sure the connectors are clean and free of dust or oils. Use only
approved methods for cleaning optical fiber connectors.
•Modifications: Do not make any unauthorized modifications to this fiber optic
system or associated equipment.
•Live work: Live work is permitted because LGC Wireless equipment is a Class 1
hazard.
•Signs: No warning signs are required.
•Class 1 laser product: The system meets the criteria for a Class 1 laser product
per IEC 60825-1:1998-01 and IEC 60825-2:2000-05.
In addition, it is certified by the FDA to meet 21CFR, Chapter 1, Subchapter J.
•CAUTION: Use of controls or adjustments or performance of procedures other
than those specified herein may result in hazardous radiation exposure.
This label appears on the front panel of the
Main Hub and the Expansion Hub.
CLASS 1
LASER PRODUCT
This label appears
Main Hub and a
on the bottom of the
similar one appears
on the bottom of the
Expansion Hub
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-5
620003-0 Rev. B
7.3 Preparing for System Installation
7.3.1 Pre-Installation Inspection
Follow this procedure before installing Unison equipment:
1. Verify the number of packages received against the packing list.
2. Check all packages for external damage; report any external damage to the ship-
ping carrier. If there is damage, a shipping agent should be present before you
unpack and inspect the contents because damage caused during transit is the
responsibility of the shipping agent.
3. Open and check each package against the packing slip. If any items are missing,
contact LGC Wireless customer service.
4. If damage is discovered at the time of installation, contact the shipping agent.
7-6 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
7.3.2 Installation Checklist
Table 7-2 Installation Checklist
Installation Requirement Consideration
Floor Plans Installation location of equipment clearly marked
Power available:
Main Hub (AC)
Expansion Hub (AC)
To RAU (DC)
Power cord is 2 m (6.5 ft) long.
Rating: 100–240V, 0.5A, 50–60 Hz
Rating: 115/230V, 5/2.5A, 50–60 Hz
36V (from the Expansion Hub)
Rack space available:
Main Hub
Expansion Hub
44 mm (1.75 in.) high (1U)
89 mm (3.5 in.) high (2U)
Clearance for air circulation:
Main and Expansion Hubs
RAU
76 mm (3 in.) front and rear, 51 mm (2 in.) sides
76 mm (3 in.) all around
Suitable operating environment:
Main and Expansion Hubs
RAUs
Indoor location only
0° to +45°C (+32° to +113°F)
5% to 95% non-condensing humidity
–25° to +45°C (–13° to +113°F)
5% to 95% non-condensing humidity
Donor Antenna-to-Unison Configuration
Donor Antenna Installed, inspected; N-male to N-male coaxial cable to lightning arrestor/surge
suppressor
Lightning Arrestor or
Surge Suppressor
Installed between roof-top antenna and repeater; N-male to N-male coaxial cable
Repeater Installed between lightning arrestor/surge suppressor and Main Hub; N-male to
N-male coaxial cable
Attenuator Installed between the circulator and the Main Hub downlink port to prevent
overload. Optionally, it may be installed between the uplink port and the circula-
tor
Circulator or Duplexer Installed between the repeater and the Main Hub uplink and downlink ports
Base Station-to-Unison Configuration
Base Station Verify RF power (see tables in Section 6.1 on page 6-3); N-male to N-male
coaxial cable; installed, inspected
Attenuator Attenuation may be required to achieve the desired RF output at the RAU and
the desired uplink noise floor level
Circulator or Duplexer When using a duplex BTS: Installed between the BTS and the Main Hub uplink
and downlink ports. Not used with a simplex BTS
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-7
620003-0 Rev. B
Connecting LGCell Main Hub(s) to a Unison Main Hub
5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable
(PN 4024-3)
For contact alarm monitoring: connecting 2 to 21 LGCell Main Hubs to a Unison
Main Hub
If connecting LGCell to Unison, the Alarm Sense Adapter Cable is required to
connect the daisy-chain cable to Unison
Do not combine LGCell Main Hubs with Unison Main Hubs in the same daisy
chain
Alarm Sense Adapter Cable
(PN 4024-3)
Use with 5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable to connect up to 21 LGCell Main
Hubs to a Unison Main Hub
Also, use to connect a single LGCell Main Hub to a Unison Main Hub
Connecting Multiple Unison Main Hubs Together
5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable
(PN 4024-3)
For contact alarm monitoring of major and minor alarms. Use to feed the alarms
from multiple Unison Main Hubs into a BTS or MetroReach Focus
Do not combine Unison Main Hubs with LGCell Main Hubs in the same daisy
chain.
Cabling
Coaxial: repeater or base station to
Main Hub
Coax approved; N-type male connectors
Coaxial: RAU to passive antennas Use low-loss cable; SMA male connector; typical 1 m (3.3 ft) using RG142
coaxial cable
Fiber: Main Hub to Expansion Hubs SC/APC (angle-polished) male connectors for entire fiber run (can use SC/APC
pigtails, PN 4012SCAPC-10 for MMF or 4013SCAPC-10 for SMF);
Use jumper fiber cables for collocated Main and Expansion Hubs (3 m/10 ft):
Multi-mode: PN 4010SCAPC-10
Single-mode: PN: 4018SCAPC-10
Distance limited by optical loss of 3 dB:
Multi-mode: up to 1.5 km (4,921 ft);
Single-mode: up to 6 km (19,685 ft)
Cat-5/6 ScTP: Expansion Hub to
RAUs
TIA/EIA 568-A approved; shielded RJ-45 male connectors
• Minimum: 10 meters (33 ft)
• Recommended Maximum: 100 meters (328 ft)
• Absolute Maximum: 150 meters (492 ft)
ScTP cable must be screened and it must be grounded at both connector ends
(i.e., Expansion Hub and RAU)
Tie-off cables to avoid damaging the connectors because of cable strain
Configuring System
PC/laptop running AdminManager
software
Refer to the AdminManager User Manual (PN 8810-10)
Table 7-2 Installation Checklist (continued)
Installation Requirement Consideration
7-8 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
7.3.3 Tools and Materials Required
Miscellaneous
Null modem cable Female connectors; Main Hub to a PC/laptop that is running the AdminManager
software; local connection
Straight-through cable Female/male connectors; Main Hub to a modem; remote connection
Distances
Main Hub is within 3–6m (10–20 ft)
of connecting repeater
If longer distance, determine the loss of the cable used for this connection and
adjust the RF signal into the Main Hub accordingly. This can be done by read-
justing the power from the base station, or by changing the attenuation value
between the base station/repeater and the Main Hub
Main Hub is within 3–6m (10–20 ft)
of connecting base station
Main Hub is within correct distance of Expansion Hub(s);
SMF and MMF optical link budget: 3 dB
Table 7-3 Tools and Materials Required for Component Installation
Description
Cable ties
Philips screwdriver
Mounting screws and spring nuts
Fiber cleaning supplies: compressed air, isopropyl alcohol, cotton swabs, lint-free
cloths
Compressed air
Screws, anchors (for mounting RAUs)
Drill
Fiber connector cleaning kit
Fusion splicer
Splicing tool kit (including: snips, cladding strippers, fiber cleaver, isopropyl alcohol,
lint-free wipes)
Fusion splicing sleeves
Table 7-2 Installation Checklist (continued)
Installation Requirement Consideration
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-9
620003-0 Rev. B
7.3.4 Optional Accessories
Table 7-4 Optional Accessories for Component Installation
Description
Wall-mount equipment rack(s) (PN 4712)
Note that if using this rack with an Expansion Hub, the Hub’s mounting bracket must
be moved to the center mounting position.
Cable management (Cable manager: PN 4759; Tie wrap bar: PN 4757)
Splice trays
Pigtails with SC/APC connectors, 3 m (10 ft):
Multi-mode Fiber SC/APC Pigtail (PN 4012SCAPC-10)
Single-mode Fiber SC/APC Pigtail (PN 4013SCAPC-10)
Jumper cable when Main and Expansion Hubs are collocated, 3 m (10 ft):
Single-mode Fiber SC/APC (PN 4018SCAPC-10)
Teltone Line Sharing Switch (M-394-B-01)
When using a single POTS line with multiple Main Hub/Modems: Connect up to four
modems to a line sharing switch; can cascade switches to accommodate up to 16
modems per POTS line
Alarm Cables:
5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable (PN 4024-3)
Alarm Sense Adapter Cable (PN 4025-1)
RAU Dust Cover (PN UNS-1RDP-1)
7-10 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
7.4 Unison Component Installation Procedures
The following procedures assume that the system is new from the factory and that it
has not been programmed with a band.
If you are replacing components in a pre-installed system with either new units or
units that may already be programmed (i.e., re-using units from another system), refer
to Section 8.
• Installing a Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-12
• Installing a Main Hub in a Rack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-12
• Installing an Optional Cable Manager in the Rack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-12
• Connecting the AdminManager PC to the Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-13
• Programming a Frequency Band into the Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-14
• Connecting the Fiber Cables to the Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-15
• Troubleshooting Main Hub LEDs During Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-17
• Installing Expansion Hubs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-19
• Installing an Expansion Hub in a Rack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-19
• Installing an Expansion Hub in a Wall-Mounted Rack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-20
• Installing an Optional Cable Manager in the Rack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-20
• Powering On the Expansion Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-21
• Connecting the Fiber Cables to the Expansion Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-22
• Connecting the ScTP Cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-24
• Troubleshooting Expansion Hub LEDs During Installation . . . . . . . . . . . 7-25
• Installing RAUs and Passive Antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-27
• Installing RAUs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-27
• Attaching the Optional RAU Dust Cover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-27
• Installing Passive Antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-28
• Connecting the Antenna to the RAU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-28
• Connecting the ScTP Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-29
• Troubleshooting RAU LEDs During Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-29
• Configuring the System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-30
• Configuring the Installed System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-30
The following procedure is for splicing pigtails to fiber cable.
• Splicing Fiber Optic Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-31
• Fusion Splicing of Fiber and Pigtail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-31
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-11
620003-0 Rev. B
The following procedures assume that the system is installed and programmed.
• Interfacing a Main Hub to a Base Station or a Roof-top Antenna . . . . . . . . . . 7-33
• Connecting a Main Hub to an In-Building Base Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-33
• Connecting a Main Hub to Multiple Base Stations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-35
• Connecting a Main Hub to a Roof-top Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-36
• Connecting Multiple Main Hubs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-37
• Connecting Multiple Main Hubs to a Simplex Repeater or Base Station . 7-37
• Connecting Multiple Main Hubs to a Duplex Repeater or Base Station . . 7-39
• Connecting Contact Alarms to a Unison System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-41
• Alarm Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-42
• Alarm Sense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-45
• Alarm Cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-46
• Alarm Monitoring Connectivity Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-48
• Direct Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-48
• Modem Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-49
• 232 Port Expander Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-50
• POTS Line Sharing Switch Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-51
• Ethernet and ENET/232 Serial Hub Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-52
7-12 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
7.4.1 Installing a Main Hub
CAUTION: Install Main Hubs in indoor locations only.
Installing a Main Hub in a Rack
The Main Hub (1U high) mounts in a standard 19 in. (483 mm) equipment rack.
Allow clearance of 76 mm (3 in.) front and rear, and 51 mm (2 in.) on both sides for
air circulation. No top and bottom clearance is required.
Consideration:
• The Main Hub is shipped with #10-32 mounting screws. Another common rack
thread is #12-24. Confirm that the mounting screws match the rack’s threads.
To install the hub in a rack:
1. Insert spring nuts into rack where needed or use existing threaded holes.
2. Place the Main Hub into the rack from the front.
3. Align the flange holes with the spring nuts installed in Step 1.
4. Insert the mounting screws in the appropriate positions in the rack.
5. Tighten the mounting screws.
NOTE: Do not turn on the Main Hub until you have started the AdminManager
software (see Section 7.4.4 on page 7-30).
Rack-mounting Option
You can flip the rack mounting brackets, as shown in the following figure, so the hub
can be mounted 76 mm (3 in.) forward in the rack.
Installing an Optional Cable Manager in the Rack
• Using the screws provided, fasten the cable manager to the rack, immediately
above or below the Main Hub.
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-13
620003-0 Rev. B
Connecting the AdminManager PC to the Main Hub
Considerations:
• The AdminManager software, described in the AdminManager User Manual
(PN 8810-10), must be running on a PC/laptop that is connected to the Main Hub’s
front panel RS-232 port.
• Null modem cable with female connectors is needed.
To connect the PC/laptop, start AdminManager, and power on the Main Hub:
1. Connect the null modem cable to the PC/laptop and then to the RS-232 port on the
Main Hub’s front panel.
2. Turn on the PC and start AdminManager.
The AdminManager main window is displayed with the Installation Wizard
option selected.
3. Connect the AC power cord to the Main Hub.
4. Plug the power cord into an AC power outlet.
5. Turn on the power to the Main Hub.
Upon initial power-up, the Main Hub LEDs should blink continuously to indicate
that there is no frequency band programmed into the Main Hub.
On subsequent power ups, after a band is programmed, the LEDs will blink for
five seconds as a visual check that they are functioning.
NOTE: Leave the dust caps on the fiber ports until you are ready to connect the fiber
optic cables.
7-14 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
Programming a Frequency Band into the Main Hub
To program a band into the Unison Main Hub:
1. Start AdminManager.
2. Select the Installation Wizard (Local) radio button and click RUN.
The Step 1, Verify Hardware window is displayed. The Main Hub will be the only
device listed.
3. Click NEXT.
The Step 2, Set Operation Band window is displayed.
4. Select the desired frequency band from the pull-down list and click APPLY.
A message is displayed indicating that the system test was not performed and to
check the Expansion Hub(s) and RAU(s) for faults.
• The Power LED should be steady green.
• The Main Hub Status LED should be steady green.
• All fiber port LEDs should be off, indicating that no fiber cables are connected.
5. Click NEXT.
The Step 3, Configure System Parameters window is displayed.
6. Leave the default settings and click NEXT.
The Step 4, Final System Test window is displayed.
7. Click APPLY.
A message is displayed indicating the system test was not performed because
there are no Expansion Hubs or RAUs connected.
8. Click NEXT.
The Finish window is displayed.
9. Click FINISH.
The AdminManager session ends and the window closes.
NOTE: Refer to Section 9 for troubleshooting.
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-15
620003-0 Rev. B
Connecting the Fiber Cables to the Main Hub
Considerations:
• Before connecting the fiber cables, confirm that their optical loss does not exceed
the 3 dB optical budget.
• If fiber distribution panels are used, confirm that the total optical loss of fiber
cable, from the Main Hub through distribution panels and patch cords to the
Expansion Hub, does not exceed the optical budget.
• Make sure the fiber cable’s connectors are SC/APC (angle-polished). Using any
other connector type will result in degraded system performance and may damage
the equipment. (You can use an SC/APC pigtail if the fiber cable’s connectors are
not SC/APC, see “Fusion Splicing of Fiber and Pigtail” on page 7-31. Or, you can
change the fiber’s connector to SC/APC.)
NOTE: Observe all Fiber Port Safety Precautions listed in Section 7.2.3 on page 7-4.
To clean the fiber ports:
You can clean the Hub’s fiber ports using canned compressed air or isopropyl alcohol
and cotton swabs.
Considerations:
• If using compressed air:
• The air must be free of dust, water, and oil.
• Hold the can level during use.
• If using isopropyl alcohol and cotton swabs:
• Use only 98% pure or more alcohol
Procedure using compressed air:
1. Remove the port’s dust cap.
2. Spray the compressed air away from the unit for a few seconds to clean out the
nozzle and then blow dust particles out of each fiber port.
Procedure using isopropyl alcohol:
1. Remove the connector’s dust cap.
2. Dip a cotton swap in isopropyl alcohol and slowly insert the tip into the connec-
tor.
3. Gently twist the swab to clean the port.
4. Insert a dry swab into the port to dry it.
Additionally, you can use compressed air after the alcohol has completely evapo-
rated.
7-16 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
To clean the fiber ends:
Be sure that the fiber cable’s SC/APC connectors are clean and free of dust and oils.
You will need lint-free cloths, isopropyl alcohol, and compressed air
1. Moisten a lint-free cloth with isopropyl alcohol.
2. Gently wipe the fiber end with the moistened cloth.
3. Using a dry lint-free cloth, gently wipe the fiber end.
4. Spray the compressed air away from the connector for a few seconds to clean out
the nozzle and then use it to completely dry the connector.
To test the fiber cables:
Perform cable testing and record the results. Test results are required for the final
As-Built Document.
To connect the fiber cables:
The fiber cable is labeled with either 1 or 2, or is color-coded. In addition to these
labels, you should add a code that identifies which port on the Main Hub is being
used and which Expansion Hub the cables are intended for. This differentiates the
connectors for proper connection between the Main Hub and Expansion Hubs.
For example:
First pair to Main Hub port 1: 11 (uplink), 12 (downlink);
Second pair to Main Hub port 2: 21 (uplink), 22 (downlink);
Third pair to Main Hub port 3: 31 (uplink), 32 (downlink); and so on.
If the fiber jumper is labeled with 1 or 2:
1. Connect 1s to UPLINK ports on the Main Hub.
2. Connect 2s to DOWNLINK ports on the Main Hub.
3. Record which cable number and port number you connected to UPLINK and
DOWNLINK.
This information is needed when connecting the other end of the fiber cable to the
Expansion Hub’s fiber ports.
The fiber port LEDs should be off, indicating that the Expansion Hub(s) are not
connected.
If the fiber jumper is color-coded (for example, “blue” or “red”):
1. Connect “blue” to UPLINK ports on the Main Hub.
2. Connect “red” to DOWNLINK ports on the Main Hub.
3. Record which color and port number you connected to UPLINK and DOWNLINK.
This information is needed when connecting the other end of the fiber cable to the
Expansion Hub’s fiber ports.
The fiber port LEDs should be off, indicating that the Expansion Hub(s) are not
connected.
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-17
620003-0 Rev. B
7.4.1.1 Troubleshooting Main Hub LEDs During Installation
Table 7-5 Troubleshooting Main Hub LEDs During Installation
During
Installation
Power On LED State Action Impact
1. Main Hub
power is
On with
no Expan-
sion Hubs
connected.
POWER Off Check AC power; check that the Main Hub
power-on switch is on; replace Main Hub
Main Hub is not powering
on.
LINK LEDs on but
they didn’t
blink through
all states
Replace the Main Hub. Microcontroller not reset-
ting properly; flash memory
corrupted.
E-HUB/RAU
LINK Red The port is unusable; replace the Main Hub
when possible.
Fiber sensor fault, do not
use the port.
E-HUB/RAU Off
2. Main Hub
power is
On with
Expan-
sion Hubs
connected
and pow-
ered on.
LINK Off • If the port LEDs do not illuminate,
check the fiber uplink for excessive opti-
cal loss.
• If Expansion Hub’s DL status LED is
red:
• Verify that the fiber is connected to
the correct port (i.e., uplink/down-
link)
• Swap the uplink and downlink
cables.
• Connect the fiber pair to another port. If
the second port’s LEDs do not illumi-
nate Green/Red, replace the Main Hub.
• If the second port works, flag the first
port as unusable; replace the Main
Hub when possible.
No uplink optical power,
Expansion Hub is not recog-
nized as being present.
No communication with the
Expansion Hub.
E-HUB/RAU Off
LINK Red • If the Expansion Hub DL STATUS LED
is red, check the downlink fiber cable
for excessive optical loss.
• Connect the fiber pair to another port. If
the second port’s LEDs do not illumi-
nate Green/Red, replace the Main Hub.
• If the second port works, flag the first
port as unusable; replace the Main
Hub when possible.
No communication with the
Expansion Hub.
E-HUB/RAU Off
LINK Green Expansion Hub or connected RAU reports
a fault
Use AdminManager to determine the prob-
lem.
Expansion Hub or one or
more RAUs are off-line.
E-HUB/RAU Red
7-18 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
7.4.1.2 Installing Main Hubs in a Multiple Operator System
Installing Main Hubs in a multiple operator system is the same as described in
Section 7.4.1 on page 7-12.
We recommend mounting all multiple operator system Main Hubs in the same
rack(s), grouped by frequency or wireless carrier. For example, group the Main Hubs
for the 800 MHz cellular bands together, and so on.
Connecting to base stations and repeaters is the same as described in Section 7.6 on
page 7-33 and Section 7.6.1 on page 7-37.
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-19
620003-0 Rev. B
7.4.2 Installing Expansion Hubs
The Expansion Hub (2U high) can mount in a standard 19 in. (483 mm) equipment
rack or in a wall-mountable equipment rack that is available from LGC Wireless.
Allow clearance of 76 mm (3 in.) front and rear and 51 mm (2 in.) sides for air circu-
lation. No top and bottom clearance is required.
Install the Expansion Hub in a horizontal position only.
CAUTION: Install Expansion Hubs in indoor locations only.
Installing an Expansion Hub in a Rack
Consideration:
• The Expansion Hub is shipped with #10-32 mounting screws. Another common
rack thread is #12-24. Confirm that the mounting screws match the rack’s threads.
• If you want to move the mounting brackets to a mid-mounting position, see Install-
ing an Expansion Hub in a Wall-Mounted Rack on page 7-20.
To install the hub in a rack:
1. Insert spring nuts into the rack where needed or use existing threaded holes.
2. Place the Expansion Hub into the rack from the front.
3. Align the flange holes with the spring nuts installed in Step 1.
4. Insert the mounting screws in the appropriate positions in the rack.
5. Tighten the mounting screws.
7-20 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
Installing an Expansion Hub in a Wall-Mounted Rack
Considerations:
• The rack and the Expansion Hub are both 305 mm (12 in.) deep. The rack mount-
ing brackets on the Expansion Hub must be moved to the center mounting position
to allow for the 76 mm (3 in.) rear clearance that is required.
• The maximum weight the rack can hold is 22.5 kg (50 lbs).
To install the hub in a wall-mounted rack:
1. Attach the equipment rack to the wall using the screws that are provided.
The rack must be positioned so that the Expansion Hub will be in a horizontal
position when it is installed.
2. Remove both of the rack mounting brackets from the hub.
3. Reattach each of the rack mounting brackets to the opposite side of the hub from
which it came.
Refer to the following figure for bracket placement.
4. Attach the Expansion Hub to the rack.
NOTE: Leave the dust caps on the fiber ports until you are ready to connect the fiber
optic cables.
Installing an Optional Cable Manager in the Rack
• Using the screws provided, fasten the cable manager to the rack, immediately
above or below the Expansion Hub.
Right Rack Mounting Bracket as
installed from the factory.
Left Rack Mounting Bracket installed on
the right side of the hub.
3''
3.5''
3''
3.5''
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-21
620003-0 Rev. B
Powering On the Expansion Hub
1. Connect the AC power cord to the Expansion Hub.
2. Plug the power cord into an AC power outlet.
3. Turn on the power to the Expansion Hub and check that all the LED lamps are
functioning properly.
Upon power-up, the LEDs will blink for five seconds as a visual check that they
are functioning. After the five-second test:
•The
POWER and UL STATUS LEDs should be green.
– If the uplink fiber is not connected within 90 seconds after the test, the
UL STATUS LED will turn red indicating that there is no communication with
the Main Hub.
•The
E-HUB STATUS and DL STATUS LEDs should be red.
• All port LEDs should be off because no RAUs are connected yet.
7-22 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
Connecting the Fiber Cables to the Expansion Hub
Considerations:
• Before connecting the fiber cables, confirm that their optical loss does not exceed
3 dB optical budget.
• If fiber distribution panels are used, confirm that the total optical loss of fiber
cable, from the Main Hub through distribution panels and patch cords to the
Expansion Hub, does not exceed the optical budget.
• Make sure the fiber cable’s connectors are SC/APC (angle-polished).Using any
other connector type will result in degraded system performance and may damage
the equipment. (You can use an SC/APC pigtail if the fiber cable’s connectors are
not SC/APC, see “Fusion Splicing of Fiber and Pigtail” on page 7-31, or replace
the connectors.)
NOTE: Observe all Fiber Port Safety Precautions listed in Section 7.2.3 on page 7-4.
To clean the fiber ports:
You can clean the Hub’s fiber ports using canned compressed air or isopropyl alcohol
and cotton swabs.
Considerations:
• If using compressed air:
• The air must be free of dust, water, and oil.
• Hold the can level during use.
• If using isopropyl alcohol and cotton swabs:
• Use only 98% pure or more alcohol
Procedure using compressed air:
1. Remove the connector’s dust cap.
2. Spray the compressed air away from the unit for a few seconds to clean out the
nozzle and then blow dust particles out of each fiber port.
Procedure using isopropyl alcohol:
1. Remove the connector’s dust cap.
2. Dip a cotton swap in isopropyl alcohol and slowly insert the tip into the connec-
tor.
3. Gently twist the swab to clean the connector.
4. Insert a dry swab to dry the connector.
Additionally, you can use compressed air after the alcohol has completely evapo-
rated.
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-23
620003-0 Rev. B
To clean the fiber ends:
Be sure that the fiber cable’s SC/APC connectors are clean and free of dust or oils.
You will need lint-free cloths, isopropyl alcohol, and compressed air
1. Moisten a lint-free cloth with isopropyl alcohol.
2. Gently wipe the fiber end with the moistened cloth.
3. Using a dry lint-free cloth, gently wipe the fiber end.
4. Spray the compressed air away from the connector for a few seconds to clean out
the nozzle and then use it to completely dry the connector.
To connect the fiber cables:
The fiber cable is labeled with either 1 or 2, or is color-coded. For proper connection
between the Main Hub ports and the Expansion Hub ports, refer to the numbering or
color-coded connections you recorded when installing the Expansion Hub(s).
If the fiber jumper is labeled with 1 or 2:
1. Connect 1 to DOWNLINK on Expansion Hub.
The DL STATUS LED should turn green as soon as you connect the fiber. If it does
not, there is a downlink problem. Make sure you are connecting the correct cable
to the port.
2. Connect 2 to UPLINK on Expansion Hub.
The UL STATUS LED will turn green on the first Main Hub communication. It
may take up to 20 seconds to establish communication.
The Expansion Hub’s E-HUB STATUS LED will turn green when the Main Hub
sends it the frequency band command.
If the UL STATUS and E-HUB STATUS LEDs do not turn green/green, check the
Main Hub LEDs. See page 7-17, item 2 in Table 7-5.
If the fiber jumper is color-coded (for example, “blue” or “red”):
1. Connect “blue” to DOWNLINK on Expansion Hub.
The DL STATUS LED should turn green as soon as you connect the fiber. If it does
not, there is a downlink problem. Make sure you are connecting the correct cable
to the port.
2. Connect “red” to UPLINK on Expansion Hub.
The UL STATUS LED will turn green on the first Main Hub communication. It
may take up to 20 seconds to establish communication.
The Expansion Hub’s E-HUB STATUS LED will turn green when the Main Hub
sends it the frequency band command.
If the UL STATUS and E-HUB STATUS LEDs do not turn green/green, check the
Main Hub LEDs. See page 7-17, item 2 in Table 7-5.
7-24 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
Connecting the ScTP Cables
Consideration:
• Verify that the cable has been tested and the test results are recorded.
To test and connect the ScTP cable:
1. Perform cable testing.
Test results are required for the final As-Built Document.
Cable length:
– Minimum: 10 m (33 ft)
– Recommended Maximum: 100 m (328 ft)
– Absolute Maximum: 150 m (492 ft)
2. Label both ends of each cable with which RJ-45 port you’re using.
3. Connect the ScTP cables to any available RJ-45 port on the Expansion Hub.
The LINK and RAU LEDs should be off because the RAU is not connected.
4. Record which cable you are connecting to which port.
This information is required for the As-Built Document.
5. Tie-off cables or use the optional cable manager to avoid damaging the connec-
tors because of cable strain.
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-25
620003-0 Rev. B
7.4.2.1 Troubleshooting Expansion Hub LEDs During Installation
• All Expansion Hub LINK and E-HUB/RAU LEDs with RAUs connected should indi-
cate Green/Red, which indicates that the RAU is powered on and communication
has been established.
• The Expansion Hub UL STATUS LED should be Green.
Table 7-6 Troubleshooting Expansion Hub LEDs During Installation
During
Installation LED State Action Impact
1. Expansion
Hub power
is On and no
RAUs are
connected
POWER Off Check AC power; check that the
Expansion Hub power-on switch
is on; replace the Expansion Hub.
Expansion Hub is not power-
ing on.
LINK LEDs on but didn’t
blink through all
states
Replace the Expansion Hub. Microcontroller not reset-
ting properly; flash memory
corrupted.
RAU
LINK Red Port unusable; replace the Expan-
sion Hub when possible.
Current sensor fault; do not
use the port.
RAU Off
UL STATUS Red, after power-up
blink
Replace the Expansion Hub. The Expansion Hub laser is
not operational; no uplink
between the Expansion Hub
and Main Hub.
UL STATUS Red from green
after 90 seconds of
power-up blink,
cable was connected
within 90 seconds
of power up
Check Main Hub LEDs
See page 7-17, item 2 in
Table 7-5.
No communication with
Main Hub.
DL STATUS Red Check downlink fiber for optical
power; verify that cables are con-
nected to correct ports (i.e.,
uplink/downlink)
Check Main Hub LEDs See
page 7-17, item 2 in Table 7-5.
No downlink between the
Expansion Hub and Main
Hub.
2. Expansion
Hub power
is On and
RAUs are
connected
LINK Off Check the Cat-5/6 cable. Power is not getting to the
RAU.
RAU Off
LINK Red Test the Cat-5/6 cable. If the cable
tests OK, try another port. If the
second port’s LEDs are Red/Off,
replace the RAU. If the second
RAU doesn’t work; replace the
Expansion Hub.
Power levels to RAU are not
correct; communications are
not established.
If the second port works, flag
the first port as unusable;
replace EH when possible.
RAU Off
LINK Green Use AdminManager to determine
the problem.
RAU is off-line.
RAU Red
7-26 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
7.4.2.2 Installing Expansion Hubs in a Multiple Operator System
Installing Expansion Hubs in a multiple operator system is the same as described in
Section 7.4.2 on page 7-19.
If rack-mounting the Expansion Hubs, we recommend mounting all multiple operator
system hubs in the same rack(s) or location, grouped by frequency or carrier. For
example, group the Expansion Hubs for iDEN together, then the 800 MHz cellular
bands, and so on.
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-27
620003-0 Rev. B
7.4.3 Installing RAUs and Passive Antennas
CAUTION: Install RAUs in indoor locations only.
Installing RAUs
Mount all RAUs in the locations marked on the floor plans.
Considerations:
• Install iDEN and 800 MHz cellular RAUs so that their antennas will be at
least 6 to 8 meters (20 to 26 feet) apart. Separation is required to reduce signal
interference between the two frequency bands.
• Keep at least 76 mm (3 in.) clearance around the RAU to ensure proper venting
• Always mount the RAU with the unpainted mounting face against the mounting
surface
Attaching the Optional RAU Dust Cover
Use the optional RAU dust cover (PN UNS-1RDP-1) when installing the RAU in an
area where excessive dust or debris could enter its venting holes.
To attach the optional RAU dust cover:
1. Firmly insert the four mounting pegs into the four corners on the top side of the
RAU, as shown in the following diagram.
2. Position the dust cover over the mounting pegs and press to snap into place.
The following diagram shows a side view of the dust cover attached to the RAU.
Insert
mounting
pegs
Insert
mounting
pegs
Insert this end
of the mounting peg
into the RAU
Insert this end
of the mounting peg
into the cover
Mounting Peg
Dust Cover
Mounting Peg
RAU
7-28 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
Installing Passive Antennas
Refer to the manufacturer’s installation instructions to install passive antennas.
Passive antennas are usually installed below the ceiling. If they are installed above
the ceiling, the additional loss due to the ceiling material must be considered when
estimating the antenna coverage area.
Considerations:
• Use coaxial cable with the least amount of loss possible.
• Install iDEN and 800 MHz cellular RAUs so that their antennas will be at
least 6 to 8 meters (20 to 26 feet) apart. Separation is required to reduce signal
interference between the two frequency bands.
Connecting the Antenna to the RAU
Connect a passive antenna to the SMA male connector on the RAU using coaxial
cable.
CAUTION:When connecting to the SMA female connector on
the RAU and passive antenna, DO NOT over-tighten the connec-
tor. Firmly hand-tightening the connector is adequate.
CAUTION:Do not connect an antenna that is installed in an out-
door location to an RAU.
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-29
620003-0 Rev. B
Connecting the ScTP Cable
Consideration:
• Verify that the cable has been tested and the test results are recorded.
To connect the ScTP cable:
• Connect the cable to the RJ-45 female port on the RAU.
Power is supplied by the Expansion Hub. Upon power up, the LEDs will blink for
two seconds as a visual check that they are functioning. After the two-second test:
•The
LINK LED should be green indicating that it is receiving power and com-
munications from the Expansion Hub.
•The
ALARM LED should be red until the Main Hub issues the band command,
within about 20 seconds, then it should be green.
7.4.3.1 Troubleshooting RAU LEDs During Installation
•The LINK and ALARM LEDs should be green.
7.4.3.2 Installing RAUs in a Multiple Operator System
When installing both iDEN and Cellular systems in parallel, either as dual-band or
multiple operator systems, special provision must be taken to assure that the individ-
ual RAUs do not interfere with each other.
The 800 MHz Cellular and iDEN RAU’s antennas must be separated by 6 to 8
meters (20 to 26 feet) to assure that the iDEN downlink signals do not interfere
with the Cellular uplink signals.
Table 7-7 Troubleshooting RAU LEDs During Installation
During
Installation LED State Action Impact
1. RAU is connected
to Expansion Hub,
which is powered
on
LINK Off Check Cat-5/6 cable. No power to RAU.
ALARM Off
LINK Green • Check Cat-5/6 cable
• Check Expansion Hub LEDs
See page 7-25, item 2 in Table 7-6.
• Use AdminManager to determine
the problem.
RAU is off-line.
ALARM Red
LINK Red from
green, after
cables are
connected for
60 seconds
• Check Cat-5/6 cable
• Check Expansion Hub LEDs
See page 7-25, item 2 in Table 7-6.
• Use AdminManager to determine
the problem.
No communications
between the RAU and the
Expansion Hub.
ALARM Red
7-30 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
7.4.4 Configuring the System
Configuring the Installed System
Considerations:
• The AdminManager PC/laptop is connected to the Main Hub.
• The AdminManager software is started.
• All system components are installed and powered on.
To configure an installed system:
1. Select the Installation Wizard (Local) radio button from the AdminManager main
window and click RUN.
The Step 1, Verify Hardware window is displayed.
2. Verify that all system devices are displayed in the System Status box and click
NEXT.
The Step 2, Set Operation Band window is displayed.
3. Click NEXT.
The frequency band was programmed when the Main Hub was installed.
The Step 3, Configure System Parameters window is displayed.
4. Enter the desired parameters and click APPLY.
5. Click NEXT if the message that is displayed indicates that the parameter setting is
successful.
The Step 4, Final System Test window is displayed.
6. Click APPLY to initiate the final system test.
During testing the system is off-line and a center band tone is being transmitted.
7. Click NEXT if the message that is displayed indicates that the testing is successful.
The Finish window is displayed.
8. Click FINISH.
The AdminManager session is ended and the window closes.
All of the Main Hub’s LEDs should be green.
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-31
620003-0 Rev. B
7.5 Splicing Fiber Optic Cable
The fiber cable must have SC/APC connectors for the entire run. If it does not, you
can splice a pigtail, which has SC/APC connectors, to the fiber cable.
LGC offers two pigtails: 1 for single-mode fiber (PN 4013SCAPC-3) and 1 for
multi-mode fiber (PN 4012SCAPC-3).
Two methods of splicing are described here: fusion and mechanical. We recommend
fusion splices because they have the lowest splice loss and return loss.
7.5.1 Fusion Splices
Using a fusion splicer, this splicing method involves fusing together two butted and
cleaved ends of fiber. The fusion splicer aligns the fibers and maintains alignment
during the fusion process. Fusion splices have very low loss (typically less than 0.05
dB) and very low back reflection (return loss). Fusion splices should be organized in
a splice tray designed to store and protect the splices.
Mechanical splices have higher losses and higher back reflection than fusion splices
and are not recommended.
Fusion Splicing of Fiber and Pigtail
To fusion splice the fiber optic cable to the SC/APC pigtail: Option A
1. Secure both the fiber cable and the SC/APC pigtail in a splice tray that is installed
immediately adjacent to the Hub.
2. Prepare the fiber end by cutting back the polyethylene jacket, the kevlar or fiber-
glass strength members, the extruded coating, and the buffer coating in order to
expose the “bare fiber” – cladding plus core.
Ensure that sufficient slack is maintained in order to be able to reach the fusion
splicer.
3. Clean the unclad fiber core using isopropyl alcohol and lint-free wipes.
4. Cleave the unclad fiber to the length prescribed by the fusion splicer’s specifica-
tion sheets.
5. Repeat steps 2 through 4 for the SC/APC pigtail.
6. Pass the splice sleeve onto the fiber strand.
7. Position both fiber ends in the fusion splicer and complete splice in accordance
with the fusion splicer’s operation instructions.
8. Ensure that the estimated loss for the splice as measured by the fusion splicer is
0.10 dB or better.
9. Slide the fusion splicing sleeve over the point of the fusion splice.
10. Place the sleeve and fused fiber into the fusion splicer’s heater.
7-32 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
11. Allow time for the splice sleeve to cure.
12. Return fiber splice to the splice tray, store the sleeve in a splice holder within the
tray, and store excess cable length in accordance with the tray manufacture’s
directions.
After successfully testing the fiber, plug the SC/APC pigtail into the proper opti-
cal port on the Hub.
To fusion splice the fiber optic cable to the SC/APC pigtail: Option B
1. Secure both the fiber cable and the SC/APC pigtail in a splice tray portion of a
fiber distribution panel.
2. Prepare the fiber end by cutting back the polyethylene jacket, the kevlar or fiber-
glass strength members, the extruded coating, and the buffer coating in order to
expose the “bare fiber” – cladding plus core.
Ensure that sufficient slack is maintained in order to be able to reach the fusion
splicer.
3. Clean the unclad fiber core using isopropyl alcohol and lint-free wipes.
4. Cleave the unclad fiber to the length prescribed by the fusion splicer’s specifica-
tion sheets.
5. Repeat steps 2 through 4 for the SC/APC pigtail.
6. Pass the splice sleeve onto the fiber strand.
7. Position both fiber ends in the fusion splicer and complete splice in accordance
with the fusion splicer’s operation instructions.
8. Ensure that the estimated loss for the splice as measured by the fusion splicer is
0.10 dB or better.
9. Slide the fusion splicing sleeve over the point of the fusion splice.
10. Place the sleeve and fused fiber into the fusion splicer’s heater.
11. Allow time for the splice sleeve to cure.
12. Return fiber splice to the splice tray, store the sleeve in a splice holder within the
tray, and store excess cable length in accordance with the tray manufacture’s
directions.
13. After successfully testing the fiber cable, plug the SC/APC pigtail into the back
side of the SC/APC bulkhead in the Fiber Distribution Panel.
Install a SC/APC patch cord between the front side of the SC/APC bulkhead and
the proper optical port on the Hub.
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-33
620003-0 Rev. B
7.6 Interfacing a Main Hub to a Base Station or a
Roof-top Antenna
WARNING: Exceeding the maximum input power could cause failure
of the Main Hub (refer to Section 6.1 on page 6-3 for maximum power
specifications). If the maximum composite power is too high, attenua-
tion is required.
Connecting a Main Hub to an In-Building Base Station
Connecting a Simplex Base Station to a Main Hub:
1. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the transmit simplex connector on
the base station.
2. Connect the other end of the N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the DOWNLINK
connector on the Main Hub.
3. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the receive simplex connector on
the base station.
4. Connect the other end of the N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the UPLINK con-
nector on the Main Hub.
Figure 7-1 Simplex Base Station to a Main Hub
N-male to N-male
Coaxial Cable
Base Station
Simplex T1/E1 to
Mobile
Switching
Center
Insert attenuator, if needed
7-34 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
Connecting a Duplex Base Station to a Main Hub:
When connecting to a duplex base station, use a circulator between it and the Main
Hub.
You can insert attenuators between the circulator and Main Hub as needed; refer to
Section 6.6.1 on page 6-43 for more information.
1. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the duplex connector on the base
station.
2. Connect the other N-male connector to a circulator.
3. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the DOWNLINK connector on the
Main Hub.
4. Connect the other end of the N-male coaxial cable to the transmit connector on the
circulator.
5. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the UPLINK connector on the Main
Hub.
6. Connect the other end of the N-male coaxial cable to the receive connector on the
circulator.
Figure 7-2 Duplex Base Station to a Main Hub
N-male to N-male
Coaxial Cable
Base Station
Duplex T1/E1 to
Mobile
Switching
Center
Insert attenuator, if needed N-male to N-male
Coaxial Cable
Circulator
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-35
620003-0 Rev. B
Connecting a Main Hub to Multiple Base Stations
You can use power combiner/splitters to connect a Main Hub to multiple base sta-
tions, as shown in the following figure.
Figure 7-3 Connecting a Main Hub to Multiple Base Stations
N-male to N-male
Coaxial Jumper Cables
N-male to N-male
Coaxial Jumper Cable
to Repeater or
Base Station
between Combiner/Splitter and
N-male to N-male
Coaxial Jumper Cables
between Combiner/Splitter and
Main Hub’s Uplink Port Main Hub’s Downlink Port
2 x 1 Power
Combiner/Splitter 2 x 1 Power
Combiner/Splitter
BTS 1
UL DL
BTS 2
UL DL
Insert attenuators, if needed
7-36 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
Connecting a Main Hub to a Roof-top Antenna
It is recommended that you use a lightning arrestor or surge protector in a roof-top
antenna configuration. Insert the lightning arrestor or surge protector between the
roof-top antenna and the repeater that is connected to the Main Hub.
1. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the roof-top antenna.
2. Connect the other end of the N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the grounded
surge suppressor.
3. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the grounded surge suppressor.
4. Connect the other end of the N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the repeater.
5. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the repeater.
6. Connect the other end of the N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the circulator
1connector.
7. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the circulator 2connector.
8. Connect the other end of the N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the DOWNLINK
connector on the Main Hub.
Attenuation may be required to achieve the desired RF output at the RAU.
9. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the circulator 3connector.
10. Connect the other end of the N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the UPLINK con-
nector on the Main Hub.
Roof-top
Antenna
Grounded
Surge Suppressor Repeater
N-male to N-male
Coaxial Cables
N-male to N-male
Coaxial Cable
N-male to N-male
Coaxial Cable Circulator
Attenuator (optional)
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-37
620003-0 Rev. B
7.6.1 Connecting Multiple Main Hubs
You can use power combiner/splitters as splitters to connect multiple Main Hubs in
order to increase the total number of RAUs in a system. You can also use power com-
biner/splitters to combine base station channels in order to increase the number of RF
carriers the system transports.
Connecting Multiple Main Hubs to a Simplex Repeater
or Base Station
Considerations:
• 2 hybrid power combiner/splitters; one for uplink and one for downlink (2x1 for
two Main Hubs, 3x1 for three, 4x1 for four, etc.)
• 1 N-male to N-male coaxial jumper cable between each power combiner/splitter
and the base station
• 2 N-male to N-male coaxial jumper cables between each power combiner/splitter
and each Main Hub
Procedure:
1. Connect the power combiner/splitters to the repeater or base station using N-male
to N-male coaxial jumper cables:
a. From the first power combiner/splitter to the repeater or base station
b. From the second power combiner/splitter to the repeater or base station
2. Connect the power combiner/splitters to the Main Hubs:
a. From the first Main Hub’s UPLINK port to the first power combiner/splitter
b. From the first Main Hub’s DOWNLINK port to the second power com-
biner/splitter
c. From the second Main Hub’s UPLINK port to the first power combiner/splitter
d. From the second Main Hub’s DOWNLINK port to the second power com-
biner/splitter
3. Check Main Hub LEDs.
After connecting and powering on the Main Hub, check all LEDs to ensure that
the system is operating properly.
NOTE: Use a 50 ohm terminator on any unused power combiner/splitter ports.
The following figure shows connecting two Main Hubs to a simplex repeater or base
station. Connecting two Main Hubs increases the total number of supportable RAUs
from 32 to 64. Two Main Hubs support up to 8 Expansion Hubs which in turn support
up to 64 RAUs.
7-38 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
Figure 7-4 Connecting Two Main Hubs to a Simplex Repeater or Base Station
N-male to N-male
Coaxial Jumper Cables
N-male to N-male
Coaxial Jumper Cable
to Repeater or
Base Station
2 x 1 Power
Combiner/Splitter
N-male to N-male
Coaxial Jumper Cable
to Repeater or
Base Station
between Combiner/Splitter and N-male to N-male
Coaxial Jumper Cables
between Combiner/Splitter and
Main Hub’s Downlink Port
Main Hub’s Uplink Port
2 x 1 Power
Combiner/Splitter
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-39
620003-0 Rev. B
Connecting Multiple Main Hubs to a Duplex Repeater
or Base Station
Considerations:
• 2 hybrid power combiner/splitters; one for uplink and one for downlink (2x1 for
two Main Hubs, 3x1 for three, 4x1 for four, etc.)
• 2 N-male to N-male coaxial jumper cables to connect each Main Hub to the power
combiner/splitters
• 1 circulator
• 1 N-male to N-male coaxial jumper cable between each circulator and the repeater
or base station
• 1 N-male to N-male coaxial jumper cable1 between each circulator and power
combiner/splitter
Procedure:
1. Connect the Circulator to the power combiner/splitters and to the repeater or base
station using one N-male to N-male coaxial jumper cable.
2. Connect each power combiner/splitter to the circulator using one N-male to
N-male coaxial jumper cable.
3. Connect the power combiner/splitter to the Main Hubs:
a. From the first Main Hub’s UPLINK port to the first power combiner/splitter
b. From the first Main Hub’s DOWNLINK port to the second power com-
biner/splitter
c. From the second Main Hub’s UPLINK port to the first power combiner/splitter
d. From the second Main Hub’s DOWNLINK port to the second power com-
biner/splitter
4. Check Main Hub LEDs.
After connecting and powering on the Main Hub, check all LEDs to ensure that
the system is operating properly.
NOTE: Use a 50 ohm terminator on any unused power combiner/splitter ports.
7-40 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
To connect two Main Hubs to a duplex repeater or base station, you need to use one
circulator and one more coaxial jumper cable, as shown in the following figure.
Figure 7-5 Connecting Two Main Hubs to a Duplex Repeater or Base Station
2 x 1 Power
Combiner/Splitter
N-male to N-male
Coaxial Jumper Cable
N-male to N-male
Coaxial Jumper Cables
2 x 1 Power
Combiner/Splitter
N-male to N-male
Coaxial Jumper Cable
Circulator
N-male to N-male
Coaxial Jumper Cable
to Repeater or
Base Station
between Combiner/Splitter and N-male to N-male
Coaxial Jumper Cables
between Combiner/Splitter and
Main Hub’s Downlink Port
Main Hub’s Uplink Port
Insert attenuator, if needed
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-41
620003-0 Rev. B
7.7 Connecting Contact Alarms to a Unison System
The Unison Main Hub can generate (source) two contact alarms as well as sense an
external contact alarm.
• Alarm Source (see Section 7.7.1 on page 7-42)
The Main Hub has two alarm contacts, fault (major) and warning (minor). These
contact are normally-closed (NC) and will open when an internal alarm is detected.
• Fault is activated when any faults or disconnects are detected.
• Warning is activated when any warning conditions are detected except lockout
or when the end-to-end system test is not valid.
• Alarm Sense (see Section 7.7.2 on page 7-45)
The Main Hub can monitor an external alarm contact. The port can be configured
for normally-open (NO) or normally-closed (NC) contacts. The interface expects a
set of floating contacts, and an external voltage source is not required for this inter-
face. AdminManager or OpsConsole is used to monitor the port status.
The following table lists the alarm types, equipment that Unison is connected to,
cable(s) used, and the errors (major and/or minor) that are detected.
Note that LGCell and MetroReach Focus support only faults (major errors).
Do not mix LGCell and Unison Main Hubs in the same daisy-chain. You can
daisy-chain multiple LGCell Main Hubs together and use the Alarm Sense Adapter
Cable to connect the chain to a Unison Main Hub, which will act as an alarm sensor.
Alarm
Type Unison
connected to Cable(s) Used Errors Detected
Source MetroReach 5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable Faults
Source BTS 5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable Faults and Warnings
In addition, a custom daisy-chain cable-to-BTS interface
cable is required. Make this interface cable to the desired
length and with the appropriate pin placement.
Sense LGCell 5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable
and the Alarm Sense Adapter
Cable
Faults
7-42 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
7.7.1 Alarm Source
Unison always acts an alarm source, no matter what type of equipment you are con-
necting to. Refer to Section 7.7.2 on page 7-45 if you want Unison to sense LGCell
contact closures or other external alarms.
Using MetroReach Focus to Monitor Unison
When you connect MetroReach Focus to Unison, the Unison Main Hub is the output
of the alarms (alarm source) and Focus is the input (alarm sense), as shown in the fol-
lowing figure. Focus supports only faults (major errors).
Figure 7-6 Connecting MetroReach to Unison
Unison Main Hub
RF OUT
DOWNLINK RF IN
UPLINK
FIBER
UPLINK
DOWNLINK
ALARM
RS-232C
MetroReach
Focus
RFM
Alarm
Sense
Alarm
Source
Alarm
Source
5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable
9-pin Adapter
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-43
620003-0 Rev. B
Using a Base Station to Monitor Unison
When you connect a BTS to Unison, the Unison Main Hub is the output of the alarms
(alarm source) and the BTS is the input (alarm sense), as shown in the following fig-
ure. An interface cable is required between the daisy-chain cable and the BTS.
Because BTS alarm interface pinouts and Unison-to-BTS distances vary, this cable
often is custom and wired on-site.
Figure 7-7 Using a BTS to Monitor Unison
Unison Main Hub
Alarm
Sense
Alarm
Source
Alarm
Source
BTS
5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable
Interface
Cable
7-44 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
Using a Base Station and OpsConsole to Monitor Unison
In order to take full advantage of Unison’s OA&M capabilities you can use LGC
Wireless OpsConsole software in addition to a BTS to monitor the system, as shown
in Figure 7-8.
Figure 7-8 Using a BTS and OpsConsole to Monitor Unison
Unison Main Hub
Alarm
Sense
Alarm
Source
Alarm
Source
BTS
Interface
Cable
Modem
Straight-through modem cable connected
to Main Hub’s front panel serial port
PSTN Modem
PC running
OpsConsole
Software
5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-45
620003-0 Rev. B
7.7.2 Alarm Sense
Use the AdminManager to enable the Unison system for “alarm sense” when con-
necting to the contact closure of LGCell Main Hubs or other external alarms (see Set
Contact Sense Properties in the AdminManager User Manual).
Using Unison to Monitor LGCells
When you connect LGCell to Unison, the Unison Main Hub is the input of the alarms
(alarm sense) and the LGCell is the output (alarm source), as shown in the following
figure.
Figure 7-9 Connecting LGCell to Unison
LGCell supports only faults (major errors). You must use the Alarm Sense Adapter
Cable (see page 7-47) to interface the daisy-chain cable to Unison. The adapter cable
is required because it translates the LGCell fault pinout to the sense input pins on the
Unison Main Hub.
Up to 5 LGCell Main HubsUnison Main Hub
Alarm
Sense Alarm
Source
Alarm
Source
Alarm Sense
Adapter Cable
5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable
7-46 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
7.7.3 Alarm Cables
5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable
Figure 7-10 shows the 5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable (PN 4024-3), which supports
fault and warning conditions (i.e., major and minor errors).
Figure 7-10 5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable
DB-9 female to
Base Station,
MetroReach Focus,
ARM2000-RU, or
J1
Female J2
Male
J3
Male
J4
Male
J5
Male
J6
Male
J7
Female
Terminator
Splice
Splice
Splice
Splice
Splice
Splice
Splice
Splice
7
9
4
5
7
9
4
5
7
9
4
5
7
9
4
5
7
9
4
5
7
4
1.2 meters (4 feet)
.5 meter
(1.5 feet)
DB-9 male to
Unison, MetroReach
Focus, or LGCell
Alarm Port
DB-9 male to
Unison, MetroReach
Focus, or LGCell
Alarm Port
DB-9 male to
Unison, MetroReach
Focus, or LGCell
Alarm Port
DB-9 male to
Unison, MetroReach
Focus, or LGCell
Alarm Port
Option 1: DB-9 to
Unison, MetroReach
Focus, or LGCell
Alarm Port.
J7 not used
Option 2: Use J2-J5
for alarm ports. J6 is used
to connect to an additional
Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable.
J7 is not used.
Option 3: Connect
fewer than 5 ports and
terminate the daisy chain
by connecting J7 to the
lowest unused port.
Connector
Hood
.5 meter
(1.5 feet)
.5 meter
(1.5 feet)
.5 meter
(1.5 feet)
.25 meter
(.75 feet)
the Alarm Sense
Adapter Cable when
connecting LGCell
NOTE: Do not daisy-chain Unison
Main Hubs with LGCell or
MetroReach if you want both faults
and warnings from Unison. Only faults
are reported if you combine Unison
with LGCell or MetroReach in the
same daisy chain.
to Unison
7
9
4
5
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-47
620003-0 Rev. B
Alarm Sense Adapter Cable
The alarm sense adapter cable (PN 4025-1) translates the LGCell fault pinout to the
sense input pins on the Unison Main Hub. You must use this adapter cable, as illus-
trated in Figure 7-11, with the 5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable when connecting
LGCell to Unison.
Figure 7-11 Alarm Sense Adapter Cable
J8
1
8
J9
7
9
To Unison To Daisy-Chain Cable
3 feet
7-48 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
7.8 Alarm Monitoring Connectivity Options
The following connectivity options are described here:
• Section 7.8.1 Direct Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-48
• Section 7.8.2 Modem Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-49
• Section 7.8.3 232 Port Expander Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-50
• Section 7.8.4 POTS Line Sharing Switch Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-51
• Section 7.8.5 Ethernet and ENET/232 Serial Hub Connection . . . . . . . . . . . 7-52
Note that the only accessory that is available through LGC Wireless is the DB-9 to
DB-9 null modem cable, which is provided with AdminManager.
7.8.1 Direct Connection
In this configuration, the AdminManager or OpsConsole PC connects directly to the
RS-232 serial port on the Main Hub’s front panel using a null modem cable.
Figure 7-12 OA&M Direct Connection
NOTE: The null modem cable must support full hardware handshaking.
See Appendix A.5 on page A-4 for cable wiring information.
PC running
or OpsConsole
Software
Null Modem Cable
AdminManager
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-49
620003-0 Rev. B
7.8.2 Modem Connection
In this configuration, the PC and the Main Hub connect to modems and communicate
via a standard dial-up telephone connection.
Figure 7-13 OA&M Modem Connection
NOTE: See Appendix A.4 on page A-3 for the modem cable wiring information.
Modem
Straight-through modem cable
PSTN Modem
PC running
or OpsConsole
Software
AdminManager
Straight-through
modem cable
External Modem
only with OpsConsole
7-50 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
7.8.3 232 Port Expander Connection
In this configuration a port expander is used to allow the connection of multiple
devices to a single PC serial port. Testing was performed with an Equinox SST-16P
Multiport Board. A DB-25 male to DB-9 female modem cable must be made to con-
nect the connector panel to the Main Hub (refer to Appendix A.6 on page A-5). Or,
you can use a DB-25 male/DB-9 male adapter with a DB-9 female to DB-9 female
null modem cable.
Figure 7-14 OA&M Connection using a 232 Port Expander
NOTE: See Appendix A.6 on page A-5 for the modem cable wiring information.
232 Port Expander
Host Cable
Serial Expansion Card to Connector Panel
Connector Panel
DB-25 male to DB-9 female
Modem Cable
PC running
or OpsConsole
Software
AdminManager
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-51
620003-0 Rev. B
7.8.4 POTS Line Sharing Switch Connection
Using a line sharing switch you can connect up to four modems to a single telephone
line. Testing was performed with a Teltone Line Sharing Switch, model number
M-394-B-01.
Figure 7-15 OA&M Connection using a POTS Line Sharing Switch
Up to 16 modems can be monitored using a single telephone line by cascading line
sharing switches, as shown in Figure 7-16.
Figure 7-16 Cascading Line Sharing Switches
Modem
PSTN
Line Sharing Switch
Up to 4 modems
per Switch
Modem
Modem
Straight-through
modem cable
PC running
or OpsConsole
Software
AdminManager Straight-through
modem cable
External Modem
only with OpsConsole
Modem
PSTN
Line Sharing Switch
Line Sharing Switch Line Sharing Switch Line Sharing Switch Line Sharing Switch
M
o
d
e
m
M
o
d
e
m
M
o
d
e
m
M
o
d
e
m
M
o
d
e
m
M
o
d
e
m
M
o
d
e
m
M
o
d
e
m
M
o
d
e
m
M
o
d
e
m
M
o
d
e
m
M
o
d
e
m
M
o
d
e
m
M
o
d
e
m
M
o
d
e
m
M
o
d
e
m
PC running
or OpsConsole
Software
AdminManager
Straight-through
modem cable
Straight-
through
modem
cables
External Modem
only with OpsConsole
7-52 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
7.8.5 Ethernet and ENET/232 Serial Hub Connection
An Ethernet-to-RS-232 serial hub or converter box can be used to communicate
between the PC and Unison. Testing was performed with an Equinox SST Ethernet
Serial Provider.
Figure 7-17 OA&M Connection using Ethernet and ENET/232 Serial Hub
ENET/232
Serial Hub
TCP/IP
Ethernet
Modem Cable
RJ-45 to DB-9 female
Cat-5
PC running
or OpsConsole
Software
AdminManager
PN 8700-10 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual 8-1
620003-0 Rev. B
SECTION 8 Replacing Unison Components
in an Operational System
8.1 Replacing an RAU
Be aware that the new RAU must be the same band as the one you are replacing. If
you replace an RAU with one that is of the wrong band, it will not work.
The Main Hub automatically checks the band of a replaced RAU. There is no need to
issue commands directly from the Main Hub. Therefore, as long as the RAU is of the
correct band, the system will operate properly.
Replacing an RAU
1. Use AdminManager or refer to the As-Built Document to review the current
RAU’s configuration. To use AdminManager:
a. Select Get Unit Info command from the Configuration and Maintenance
Panel.
The Options dialog box is displayed (see Get Unit Info in the AdminManager
User Manual, PN 8810-10).
b. Select Remote Access Unit radio button.
c. Enter the hierarchy of the RAU in the text box.
For example, for RAU number 4 that is connected to Expansion Hub number
1, enter 1-4.
d. Click OK.
Information for the RAU is displayed in the Configuration and Maintenance
Panel window.
5. Disconnect the Cat-5/6 cable and antenna from the unit to be replaced.
6. Install the new RAU.
7. Connect the antenna and then the Cat-5/6 cable to the new RAU.
8. Repeat Step 1 to verify that the new RAU is of the same frequency band as the
one replaced.
8-2 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
AdminManager Tasks
• Use the Advanced RAU Settings option on the Configuration & Maintenance
panel to set the RAU’s 10 dB attenuation and UL ALC settings.
• When convenient, perform System Test to optimize performance.
During System Test, the entire system is temporarily off-line and no RF is
being transmitted. For a fully loaded system (one Main Hub, four Expansion
Hubs, and 32 RAUs), it can take up to 1.5 minutes to complete the test.
Checking the RAU’s LEDs
1. The RAU’s LINK and ALARM LEDs should blink (green/red) on power up.
• If the LEDs do not blink on power up, replace the RAU.
2. After several seconds both LEDs should change to green, which indicates that the
unit has been successfully replaced, there is communication with the Expansion
Hub, and the RAU band is correct.
a. If the LINK LED remains green and the ALARM LED remains red, verify that
the RAU model is correct for the intended frequency band.
– Disconnect the cable and then reconnect it once; doing this more than once
will not change the result.
b. If both LEDs still don’t change to green, use the AdminManager to determine
the exact nature of the fault and see a recommendation of how to correct it.
c. If both LEDs turn red (after 45 seconds), the Expansion Hub has terminated
communications.
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 8-3
620003-0 Rev. B
8.2 Replacing an Expansion Hub
Replacing an Expansion Hub
1. Turn off the power to the Expansion Hub.
2. Disconnect all Cat-5/6 cables, both fiber cables, and the AC power cord.
3. Replace the Expansion Hub with a new one.
4. Connect the AC power cord, all Cat-5/6 cables, and both fiber cables – remember-
ing to clean and correctly connect the uplink and downlink fiber.
5. Turn on the power to the Expansion Hub.
AdminManager Tasks
• The Main Hub automatically issues the band setting.
• When convenient, use AdminManager to perform System Test in order to optimize
performance.
During System Test, the entire system is temporarily off-line and no RF is
being transmitted. For a fully loaded system (one Main Hub, four Expansion
Hubs, and 32 RAUs), it can take up to 1.5 minutes to complete the test.
Checking the Expansion Hub’s LEDs
• The LEDs should blink through all states on power up.
• If the LEDs do not blink on power up, replace the Expansion Hub.
• If the LEDs do not illuminate at all, make sure the AC power cable is con-
nected.
•The
UL STATUS and DL STATUS LEDs should be green.
•The
E-HUB STATUS and POWER LEDs should be green.
• For each RJ-45 port that has an RAU connected:
•The
E-HUB/RAU LEDs should be green.
•The
LINK LEDs should be green.
It can take several seconds for each Cat-5/6 connection for the LEDs to display
properly.
NOTE: Refer to Section 9 for troubleshooting using the LEDs.
8-4 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
8.3 Replacing a Main Hub
You must record the system configuration settings from the old Main Hub’s memory
before replacing the unit (see Get System Configuration Settings below). You will
program the new Main Hub with this information. If the Main Hub is programmed
incorrectly, the system will not work. If the Main Hub is not functioning, get the con-
figuration settings from the As-Built Document that was created as part of the origi-
nal installation.
Get System Configuration Settings
1. Connect the null modem cable to the PC/laptop and the Main Hub.
2. Start the AdminManager software.
3. Select the Configuration & Maintenance Panel option from the AdminManager
main window.
4. Click the SAVE CONFIG button.
The Save Configuration Notes dialog box is displayed.
5. Type any notes you want to save with the configuration settings into the dialog
box and click OK.
The configuration settings are saved in a text file, for example:
Begin Notes *******************************************
LGC HQ
05/23/01 MH configuration L010MH11
System configuration
End Notes *********************************************
Frequency Band is DCS Low.
SystemGain:UL=12dB,DL=4dB.
Callback Number is 1234567.
System label is LGC.
Main Hub Information:
Serial Number: L010BMH1
Part Number: 7405101
Revision Number: 03
Firmware Revision: 010526
Expansion Hub LGC-1 Information:
Serial Number: L010BEH9
Part Number: 7405101
Revision Number: 03
Firmware Revision: 010513
RAU LGC-1-5 Information:
Serial Number: L010BRU1
Part Number: 7405101
Revision Number: 03
Firmware Revision: 010021
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 8-5
620003-0 Rev. B
Replacing a Main Hub
1. Turn off the power to the Main Hub.
2. Disconnect all fiber cables and the AC power cord.
3. Replace the Main Hub with a new one.
4. Connect the AC power cord and all fiber cables – remembering to clean and cor-
rectly connect the uplink and downlink fiber cables.
5. Connect the null modem cable to the PC and then to the Main Hub’s front panel
DB-9 serial connector.
6. Start the AdminManager software.
7. Select the Installation Wizard option from the AdminManager main window.
8. Turn on the power to the Main Hub.
9. Observe the LEDs after turning on the power.
If there is no band programmed in the Main Hub, the LEDs will blink continu-
ously and there is no communication with connected Expansion Hubs or their
RAUs.
If there is a band programmed, the LEDs blink for a 5-second test. The pro-
grammed band is then issued to all Expansion Hubs and their RAUs, and a system
test is performed. It can take up to 1.5 minutes to complete the test. During Sys-
tem Test, the entire system is temporarily off-line and no RF is being trans-
mitted.
AdminManager Tasks
• Use the Installation Wizard to:
• Set the Operation Band
• Use the Configuration & Maintenance panel to:
• Set Callback Number
• Set Contact Sense Properties
• Set System Parameters
• Perform System Test
During System Test, the entire system is temporarily off-line and no RF is
being transmitted. For a fully-loaded system (one Main Hub, four Expansion
Hubs, and 32 RAUs), it can take up to 1.5 minutes to complete the test.
Always perform the system test if the band was changed.
8-6 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
Checking the Main Hub’s LEDs
• The LEDs should blink through a 5-second test on power up.
• If the LEDs do not blink on power up, replace the Main Hub.
• If the LEDs do not illuminate at all, make sure the AC power cable is con-
nected.
• If the LEDs blink continuously, there is no band programmed in the Main Hub
and there is no communication with connected Expansion Hubs or their RAUs.
• For each fiber optic port that has a connected Expansion Hub, which has been pro-
grammed with a band:
•The
LINK LED should be green.
•The
E-HUB/RAU LED should be green indicating that all downstream units are
functioning
• Refer to Section 9.3, “Troubleshooting,” on page 9-3 for more LED states.
NOTE: If there is communication between the Main Hub and the Expansion Hubs,
use the AdminManager software’s Configuration & Maintenance panel to isolate sys-
tem problems.
PN 8700-10 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual 9-1
620003-0 Rev. B
SECTION 9 Maintenance, Troubleshooting,
and Technical Assistance
There are no user-serviceable parts in any of the Unison components. Faulty or failed
components are fully replaceable through LGC Wireless.
Address 2540 Junction Avenue
San Jose, California
95134-1902 USA
Phone 1-408-952-2400
Fax 1-408-952-2410
Help Hot Line 1-800-530-9960 (U.S. only)
+1-408-952-2400 (International)
Web Address http://www.lgcwireless.com
e-mail service@lgcwireless.com
9.1 Service
There are no user-serviceable parts in the InterReach Unison system. All units should
be replaced and returned to the factory for service if needed.
9-2 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
9.2 Maintenance
Keep the fiber ports clean and free of dust. No other periodic maintenance of the Uni-
son equipment is required.
To clean the fiber ports:
You can clean the Hub’s fiber ports using canned compressed air or isopropyl alcohol
and cotton swabs.
Considerations:
• If using compressed air:
• The air must be free of dust, water, and oil.
• Hold the can level during use.
• If using isopropyl alcohol and cotton swabs:
• Use only 98% pure or more alcohol.
Procedure using compressed air:
1. Remove the connector’s dust cap.
2. Spray the compressed air away from the unit for a few seconds to clean out the
nozzle and then blow dust particles out of each fiber port.
Procedure using isopropyl alcohol:
1. Remove the connector’s dust cap.
2. Dip a cotton swap in isopropyl alcohol and slowly insert the tip into the connec-
tor.
3. Gently twist the swab to clean the connector.
4. Insert a dry swab to dry the connector.
Additionally, you can use compressed air after the alcohol has completely evapo-
rated.
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 9-3
620003-0 Rev. B
9.3 Troubleshooting
NOTE: Unison has no user-serviceable parts. Faulty or failed units are fully
replaceable through LGC Wireless.
Sources of potential problems include:
• Faulty cabling/connector
• Malfunction of one or more Unison components
• Antenna, base station, or repeater problem
• External RF interface
• Tripped circuit breaker
• Using a Null modem cable that does not support full hardware handshaking when
using AdminManager
NOTE: Faulty cabling is the cause of a vast majority of problems. All
Cat-5/6 cable should be tested to TIA/EIA 568-A specifications.
You must use AdminManager or OpsConsole for troubleshooting the system, only
use the LEDs as backup or for confirmation. However, if there are communication
problems within the system, the LEDs may provide additional information that is not
available using AdminManager. The only problem that is indicated solely by the
LEDs is when a band is not programed in the Main Hub. In that case, the LEDs flash
continuously, beyond the normal system check flashing upon power up.
If you cannot determine the cause of a problem after following the recommended pro-
cedures, call LGC Wireless customer help hot line:
1-800-530-9960 (U.S. only)
+1-408-952-2400 (International)
9-4 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
9.3.1 Troubleshooting using AdminManager
To begin troubleshooting, use AdminManager software to determine the current
faults and warnings for all of the units in the system. To troubleshoot, start with the
Main Hub’s faults and warnings, then proceed to each of the Expansion Hubs, finish-
ing with each of the RAUs.
9.3.1.1 Fault Indications
Once all of the units are powered on and the cable connections are made, the faults
from each unit can be requested using AdminManager. Start with the Main Hub and
work downstream.
Resolve all faults first and then check the warnings. Take appropriate action to
resolve the faults, as indicated in the following tables. In cases where there is more
than one possible cause, they are listed from the “most likely” to the “least likely”
cause. Actions are listed in the order that they should be performed; not all actions
may need to be done.
NOTE: If you have a red STATUS LED without a fault message, it probably
indicates that the unit is locked out.
Faults Reported by the Main Hub
Table 9-1 Faults Reported by the Main Hub
Fault
Message &
Icon LED State Possible
Causes Action Impact
Main Hub Faults
Hardware
failure
STATUS Red Internal hard-
ware failure.
Replace the Main Hub. System
off-line.
Frequency band
not programmed
All LEDs
(except
POWER)
Continuous
blinking
Factory default. Program the frequency band using
AdminManager’s Installation Wiz-
ard.
System
off-line.
Failed to per-
form system test
STATUS Red Internal failure. Replace the Main Hub when possi-
ble.
Degraded
performance.
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 9-5
620003-0 Rev. B
EHn uplink
AGC failure
STATUS Red Uplink fiber has
high optical loss.
Measure UL optical fiber loss.
Clean the Main and Expansion Hub’s
uplink fiber ports. (Refer to
Section 9.2.)
EHn
degraded
uplink per-
formance; or
EHn and con-
nected RAUs
are off-line.
Main Hub uplink
port failure.
Move fiber pair to another port. If
fault is not reported, fiber is okay and
Main Hub port is dirty or bad. Use
AdminManager to ‘Clear All Discon-
nect Status’ to clear the disconnect
fault on the original port.
Main Hub inter-
nal failure.
If more than one Expansion Hub con-
nected to the same Main Hub reports
this failure, replace the Main Hub.
Expansion Hub
internal failure.
Swap suspect Expansion Hub with
working Expansion Hub. If fault per-
sists, replace Main Hub; otherwise,
replace the Expansion Hub.
Expansion Hub Faults
EHn discon-
nected
and
LINK Red The Expansion
Hub was con-
nected and is
now discon-
nected.
If EHn is disconnected, reconnect it
or clear the disconnect fault using
AdminManager’s “Clear All Discon-
nect Status” command.
EHn and con-
nected RAUs
are off-line.
E-HUB/RAU Off
The uplink fiber
optical loss
exceeds mini-
mum threshold.
Check the uplink fiber cable’s optical
loss.
Clean the uplink fiber connectors.
(Refer to Section 9.2.)
Clean the Main and Expansion Hubs’
uplink ports.
(Refer to Section 9.2.)
Expansion Hub
uplink laser fail-
ure.
Check that EHn’s uplink laser is
operational. (UL STATUS LED is
green.)
Power cycle the Expansion Hub and
confirm the UL STATUS LED is
green for 60–90 seconds after power
up.
Main Hub uplink
port failure
Move fiber pair to another port. If
fault persists, there is a problem with
the Expansion Hub. Otherwise, the
Main Hub port is bad.
Table 9-1 Faults Reported by the Main Hub (continued)
Fault
Message &
Icon LED State Possible
Causes Action Impact
9-6 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
No communica-
tion with EHn
and
LINK Red Downlink fiber
has high optical
loss.
Measure downlink optical fiber loss.
Clean the Expansion Hub’s downlink
fiber port.
(Refer to Section 9.2.)
Clean the Main Hub’s downlink fiber
port.
(Refer to Section 9.2.)
EHn and/or
RAU
degraded per-
formance, or
EHn and con-
nected RAUs
are off-line.
E-HUB/RAU Off
Uplink fiber has
high optical loss.
Measure uplink optical fiber loss.
Clean uplink fiber connectors.
(Refer to Section 9.2.)
Clean uplink fiber ports.
(Refer to Section 9.2.)
Main Hub down-
link port failure.
Move the Main Hub fiber pair to
another port. If fault is not reported,
fiber is okay and the Main Hub port
is bad. Use AdminManager’s “Clear
All Disconnect Status” command to
clear the disconnect fault on the orig-
inal port.
Main Hub inter-
nal failure.
If more than one Expansion Hub con-
nected to the same Main Hub reports
this failure, replace the Main Hub.
Expansion Hub
downlink port
failure.
Swap suspect Expansion Hub with
working Expansion Hub. If fault per-
sists, replace the Main Hub; other-
wise, replace the Expansion Hub.
Table 9-1 Faults Reported by the Main Hub (continued)
Fault
Message &
Icon LED State Possible
Causes Action Impact
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 9-7
620003-0 Rev. B
Faults Reported by the Expansion Hub
Table 9-2 Faults Reported by the Expansion Hub
Fault Message LED State Possible Causes Action Impact
Expansion Hub Faults
Hardware failure STATUS Red Downlink fiber has
high optical loss.
Measure downlink optical fiber
loss.
Clean the downlink fiber con-
nectors.
(Refer to Section 9.2.)
Clean the Main and Expansion
Hubs’ downlink fiber ports.
(Refer to Section 9.2.)
Degraded perfor-
mance or Expan-
sion Hub and
connected RAUs
are off-line.
Main Hub internal
hardware failure.
If more than one Expansion
Hub connected to the same
Main Hub reports this failure,
replace the Main Hub.
Expansion Hub internal
hardware failure.
Replace the Expansion Hub.
PLL unlock STATUS Red Downlink fiber has
high optical loss.
Measure downlink optical fiber
loss.
Clean the downlink fiber con-
nectors.
(Refer to Section 9.2.)
Clean the Main and Expansion
Hubs’ downlink fiber ports.
(Refer to Section 9.2.)
Expansion Hub and
connected RAUs
are off-line.
Main Hub internal
hardware failure.
If more than one Expansion
Hub connected to the same
Main Hub reports this failure,
replace the Main Hub.
Expansion Hub internal
hardware failure.
Replace the Expansion Hub.
Frequency band
not programmed
STATUS Red Downlink fiber has
high optical loss.
Measure downlink optical fiber
loss.
Clean the downlink fiber con-
nectors.
(Refer to Section 9.2.)
Clean the Main and Expansion
Hubs’ downlink fiber ports.
(Refer to Section 9.2.)
Expansion Hub and
connected RAUs
are off-line.
Expansion Hub internal
hardware failure.
Replace the Expansion Hub.
9-8 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
Downlink pilot
failure
STATUS Red Downlink fiber has
high optical loss.
Measure downlink optical fiber
loss.
Clean downlink fiber connec-
tors.
(Refer to Section 9.2.)
Clean the Main and Expansion
Hubs’ downlink fiber ports.
(Refer to Section 9.2.)
Degraded perfor-
mance or Expan-
sion Hub and
connected RAUs
are off-line.
Main Hub internal
hardware failure.
If more than one Expansion
Hub connected to the same
Main Hub reports this failure,
replace the Main Hub.
Main Hub downlink
port failure.
Move fiber pair to another port.
If fault is not reported, fiber is
okay and the Main Hub port is
bad. Use AdminManager’s
“Clear All Disconnect Status”
command to clear the discon-
nect fault on the original port.
Expansion Hub down-
link port failure.
Swap suspect Expansion Hub
with working Expansion Hub.
If fault persists, replace the
Main Hub; otherwise, replace
the Expansion Hub.
RAUn uplink
AGC failure
LINK Green Cat-5/6 cable length. Check Cat-5/6 cable length. Degraded perfor-
mance.
RAU Red Expansion Hub uplink
port failure or RAU
failure.
Move RAU to another port. If
no fault reported, replace the
Expansion Hub. If fault
reported, replace RAU.
Expansion Hub internal
failure.
If more than one RAU con-
nected to the same Expansion
Hub reports this failure, replace
the Expansion Hub.
RAUn downlink
port failure
STATUS Red Expansion Hub internal
failure.
Move the RAU to another port.
If fault persists, replace the
Expansion Hub. If no fault, flag
previous port as unusable and
replace the Expansion Hub
when possible.
Degraded perfor-
mance.
Table 9-2 Faults Reported by the Expansion Hub (continued)
Fault Message LED State Possible Causes Action Impact
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 9-9
620003-0 Rev. B
RAU Faults
RAUn discon-
nected
and
LINK Red RAU was connected
and is now discon-
nected.
If RAUn is disconnected,
reconnect it or use AdminMan-
ager’s “Clear All Disconnect
Status” command to clear the
disconnect fault.
RAUn is off-line.
RAU Off
Cat-5/6 cable failure. Check Cat-5/6 cable for shorts
or opens.
RAU internal failure or
Expansion Hub port
bad.
Move the RAU to another port.
If fault persists, replace the
RAU. If no fault, flag previous
port as unusable and replace the
Expansion Hub when possible.
No communica-
tion with RAUn
and
LINK Red Cat-5/6 cable failure. Verify that the Cat-5/6 cable
has no shorts or opens.
Degraded perfor-
mance.
RAU Off
RAU internal failure.
or
Expansion Hub port
failure.
Move the RAU cables to
another port. If fault persists,
replace the RAU; otherwise,
the Expansion Hub port is bad,
mark the port as unusable and
replace the Expansion Hub
when possible.
RAUn over
current
and
LINK Green Cat-5/6 cable failure. Verify Cat-5/6 cable has no
shorts or opens.
RAUn is off-line.
RAU Red
RAU internal failure. Move RAU to another port. If
fault persists, replace the RAU.
If no fault reported, remove the
RAU, power cycle the Expan-
sion Hub, connect known good
RAU to port. If fault reported,
replace the Expansion Hub.
Table 9-2 Faults Reported by the Expansion Hub (continued)
Fault Message LED State Possible Causes Action Impact
9-10 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
Remote Access Unit Faults
Table 9-3 Remote Access Unit Faults
Fault Message LED State Possible Causes Action Impact
Hardware failure ALARM Red Internal hardware failure. Replace the RAU. RAU is off-line.
Frequency band
not programmed
ALARM Red Wrong version of RAU for
frequency band desired.
Replace the RAU if not valid
for desired frequency band.
RAU is off-line.
RAU is over
temperature
ALARM Red Ambient temperature
above maximum.
Check environmental controls;
move the RAU to cooler envi-
ronment.
RAU is off-line.
Power supplied
by Expansion
Hub is too low
ALARM Red Cat-5/6 cable failure. Verify Cat-5/6 cable has no
shorts or opens.
RAU is off-line.
RAU internal failure.
or
Expansion Hub port fail-
ure.
Move the RAU cable to another
Expansion Hub port. If fault
persists, replace the RAU; oth-
erwise, the Expansion Hub port
is bad, mark the port as unus-
able and replace the Expansion
Hub when possible.
Expansion Hub internal
failure.
If more than one RAU con-
nected to the same Expansion
Hub reports this failure, replace
the Expansion Hub.
Downlink pilot
failure
ALARM Red Cat-5/6 cable failure. Verify that the Cat-5/6 cable
has no shorts or opens.
Verify maximum Cat-5/6 cable
length of 150 meters.
Verify minimum Cat-5/6 cable
length of 10 meters.
Degraded perfor-
mance or RAU is
off-line.
RAU internal failure.
or
Expansion Hub port fail-
ure.
Move the RAU cable to another
Expansion Hub port. If fault
persists, replace the RAU; oth-
erwise, the Expansion Hub port
is bad, mark the port as unus-
able and replace the Expansion
Hub when possible.
Expansion Hub internal
failure.
If more than one RAU con-
nected to the same Expansion
Hub reports this failure, replace
the Expansion Hub.
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 9-11
620003-0 Rev. B
9.3.1.2 Warning Indications
Warnings alert you to conditions that indicate potential system failure. Warnings are
displayed in the Messages pane in red lettering.
Before addressing warnings, ensure that all faults are resolved. Take appropriate
action to resolve the warnings, as indicated in the following tables.
Main Hub Warnings
Expansion Hub Warnings
Remote Access Unit Warnings
Table 9-4 Main Hub Warnings
Warning Message Action Impact
Temperature is high Check room environmental controls. Potential Main Hub failure.
Input signal above lim-
iter
Reduce input signal strength. Can only occur for DCS, GSM, or UMTS config-
urations
Table 9-5 Expansion Hub Warnings
Warning Message Action Impact
Temperature is high Check room environmental controls. Potential Expansion Hub failure.
Downlink pilot low Check fiber cable for recommended maxi-
mum loss.
Degraded performance.
Table 9-6 Remote Access Unit Warnings
Warning Message Action Impact
Temperature is high Move the RAU to cooler environment. Potential RAU failure.
Power amplifier is fail-
ing
Replace the RAU when possible. Potential RAU failure.
9-12 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
9.3.1.3 Status Messages
Status messages alert you to conditions that may impact system performance. Status
messages are displayed in the Messages pane in blue lettering.
NOTE: The icons displayed in the system status tree assume that there are
no other faults, warnings, or status present.
Main Hub Status Messages
NOTE: If your equipment is using release 3.1 firmware, the icon is displayed
instead of , except for “unable to perform system test on power up”.
Table 9-7 Main Hub Status Messages
Message Icon Action Impact
Downlink laser is failing Replace the Main Hub when possible. The downlink laser will eventually fail
and the system will be off-line.
Fan failure Use AdminManager to check Main Hub
status.
Check the Main Hub fan for rotation, air
flow blockage, dust.
If fan is not operating, replace the Main
Hub.
If fan is operating, check room environ-
mental controls.
Temperature may rise to fault level result-
ing in Main Hub and connected Expan-
sion Hub(s) and RAU(s) being off-line.
Command out of service Command unit into service using Admin-
Manager.
System is off-line.
Unable to perform sys-
tem test on power up
Check Expansion Hubs and RAUs for
faults and warnings.
Degraded system performance.
EHn or RAU reports a
warning status
Check Expansion Hubs and RAUs for
warnings.
Degraded system performance.
EHn uplink fiber optical
loss greater than recom-
mended maximum
Check the uplink fiber cable for optical
loss.
Clean the cable connector.
(Refer to Section 9.2.)
Clean the fiber ports.
(Refer to Section 9.2.)
Degraded system performance.
Unable to perform sys-
tem end-to-end test
Replace Main Hub when possible. Degraded system performance.
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 9-13
620003-0 Rev. B
Expansion Hub Status Messages
NOTE: If your equipment is using release 3.1 firmware, the icon is displayed
instead of , except for “unit not system tested”.
Table 9-8 Expansion Hub Status Messages
Message Icon Action Impact
Downlink fiber optical
loss greater than recom-
mended maximum
Check the downlink fiber cable for exces-
sive optical loss.
Clean the cable connector.
(Refer to Section 9.2.)
Clean the fiber ports.
(Refer to Section 9.2.)
Degraded system performance.
Uplink laser is failing Replace the Expansion Hub when possi-
ble.
The uplink laser will eventually fail
resulting in the Expansion Hub and con-
nected RAUs being off-line.
Unit not system tested Use AdminManager to command System
Test. Note that the system will be off-line
for 30 seconds during test.
System not operating at optimum perfor-
mance.
Fann failure Check the Expansion Hub fans for rota-
tion, air flow blockage, dust
Use AdminManager to check Expansion
Hub status.
If fans are not operating, replace the
Expansion Hub.
If fans are operating, check room environ-
mental controls.
Temperature may rise to fault level result-
ing in the Expansion Hub and connected
RAUs being off-line.
Cat-5/6 cable between
RAUn and Expansion
Hub is longer than recom-
mended maximum
Check that the Cat-5/6 cable does not
exceed the recommended maximum
length.
Degraded system performance.
Command out of service Command unit into service using Admin-
Manager
Expansion Hub and connected RAUs are
off-line.
MH Commanded Fault
Lockout
Use AdminManager to check Main Hub
faults and replace Main Hub as required.
Expansion Hub and connected RAUs are
off-line.
9-14 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
Remote Access Unit Status Messages
NOTE: If your equipment is using release 3.1 firmware, the icon is displayed
instead of , except for “unit not system tested”.
Table 9-9 Remote Access Unit Status Messages
Message Icon Action Impact
DC voltage is low Check the Cat-5/6 cable for shorts and
opens.
Replace the RAU when possible.
Unreliable operation.
Cat-5/6 cable between
Expansion Hub and RAU
is longer than recom-
mended maximum
Check that the Cat-5/6 cable does not
exceed the recommended maximum
length.
Degraded system performance.
Unit not system tested Use AdminManager to command System
Test. Note that the system will be off-line
for 30 seconds during test.
System not operating at optimum perfor-
mance.
Antenna disconnected Check that the antenna is connected to the
RAU; check coax cable between RAU
and antenna.
Antenna may be disconnected. If it is con-
nected, then the antenna/cable measure
higher return loss than optimum configu-
ration.
RAU Commanded
Out-of-Service
Command unit into service using Admin-
Manager.
RAU is off-line.
MH/EH Commanded
Fault Lockout
Use AdminManager to check Main Hub
and Expansion Hub faults and replace
units as required.
RAU is off-line.
Power supplied by Expan-
sion Hub is too high
Check the Cat-5/6 cable for opens and
shorts.
Move RAU cable to another Expansion
Hub port.
Replace RAU when possible.
Unreliable operation.
System test uplink failure Unable to complete system test. Degraded system performance.
Can’t calibrate downlink Unable to complete system test. Degraded system performance.
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 9-15
620003-0 Rev. B
9.3.2 Troubleshooting using LEDs
The following troubleshooting guide is from the perspective that all Unison equip-
ment is installed, their cables are connected, and they are powered on; it is assumed
that the system was operating normally before the problem to be diagnosed occurred.
(Refer to Section 7 for information on troubleshooting during initial installation of
the system.)
Always use AdminManager, if possible, to troubleshoot the system. The LEDs are for
backup troubleshooting; although, an Expansion Hub uplink laser failure can only be
resolved using the EH UL STATUS LED.
Begin with troubleshooting the Main Hub’s LEDs and then the Expansion Hub’s
LEDs. The RAU LEDs probably will not provide additional information for trouble-
shooting.
9-16 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
9.3.2.1 Troubleshooting Main Hub LEDs During Normal Operation
• All of the Main Hub’s LEDs should be green during normal operation. If any LEDs
are red, get status using AdminManager to determine the exact cause and recom-
mendations.
Table 9-10 Troubleshooting Main Hub Port LEDs During Normal Operation
During
Normal
Operation Main Hub
Port LEDs State Action Impact
Expansion
Hub Not
Connected
LINK Red If the Expansion Hub was discon-
nected accidentally, re-connect the
cables. The LEDs should change to
Green/Red (then Green/Green, after
20 seconds, if the Main Hub band
has been programmed).
If the Expansion Hub is to be
removed from service permanently,
then use AdminManager’s ‘Clear All
Disconnect Status’ command to
clear all disconnect states to no con-
nect states. The Main Hub’s port
LEDs should change to Off/Off.
Expansion Hub was previously con-
nected, but it is not currently con-
nected; Expansion Hub cable
disconnect.
AdminManager will clear all discon-
nects caused by installation as part of
the clean-up process. After installation,
power cycle the Main Hub or use
AdminManager’s “Clear All Discon-
nect Status” command.
E-HUB/RAU Off
Expansion
Hub
Connected
LINK Red Use AdminManager to determine the
exact cause of the Main Hub’s faults.
Lost communication with Expansion
Hub; could be Expansion Hub problem
or fiber cable problem.
E-HUB/RAU Off
LINK Green Expansion Hub or connected RAU
reports a fault condition; use Admin-
Manager to determine the exact
cause of the Expansion Hub and
RAU’s faults.
Degraded performance or unit may be
off-line.
Depends on fault condition.
E-HUB/RAU Red
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 9-17
620003-0 Rev. B
Table 9-11 Troubleshooting Main Hub Status LEDs During Normal Operation
During
Normal
Operation
Main Hub
Status
LEDs State Action Impact
At Any
Time
MAIN HUB
STATUS Red Use AdminManager to determine the
exact cause of the fault.
Power cycle one time. If fault
remains, replace the Main Hub.
Internal Main Hub fault.
Use AdminManager to check if the
Main Hub is commanded
Out-of-Service (every Expansion
Hub port status LED will be red as
well).
A power cycle will not clear a com-
manded Out-of-Serivce, you must
use AdminManager to clear this
state.
Main Hub and all downstream units are
off-line.
MAIN HUB
STATUS Alternating
Red/Green
Reduce input signal power; reduce
system gain.
Signal compression.
9-18 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
9.3.2.2 Troubleshooting Expansion Hub LEDs During Normal Operation
• All of the Expansion Hub LINK and E-HUB/RAU LEDs that have RAUs connected
should be Green/Green, indicating that the RAU is powered on, communication is
established, and operation is normal.
•The
POWER, EHUB STATUS, DL STATUS, and UL STATUS LEDs should all be
Green.
Table 9-12 Troubleshooting Expansion Hub Port LEDs During Normal
Operation
During
Normal
Operation
Expansion
Hub Port
LEDs State Action Impact
RAU is not
connected
LINK Red If the RAU was disconnected acci-
dentally, re-connect the Cat-5/6
cable. The Expansion Hub’s port
LEDs should change to Green/Red
(then Green/Green, after 20 sec-
onds, if the Main Hub is connected,
powered on, and has band pro-
grammed).
Use AdminManager’s “Clear All
Disconnect Status” command if
you are permanently removing the
RAU from service. The Expansion
Hub’s port LEDs should change to
Off/Off.
RAU was previously connected, but it is
not currently connected; RAU cable is
disconnected.
RAU Off
RAU is
connected
LINK Red Disconnect/reconnect the Cat-5/6
cable to force power-on reset to the
RAU. If the port LEDs remain
Red/Off, check for the exact cause
of Expansion Hub faults using
AdminManager.
Lost communications with the RAU. The
RAU could have powered down due to
over current; cable could have been dam-
aged.
RAU Off
LINK Green RAU reports a fault condition;
check for the exact cause of Expan-
sion Hub and RAU faults using
AdminManager.
Depends on the fault condition.
RAU Red
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 9-19
620003-0 Rev. B
NOTE: When you power cycle the Expansion Hub the UL STATUS LED should be
green for approximately 90 seconds before it turns red. If it isn’t, replace the Expan-
sion Hub.
Table 9-13 Troubleshooting Expansion Hub Status LEDs During Normal
Operation
During
Normal
Operation
Expansion
Hub
Status
LEDs State Action Impact
At Any Time UL STATUS Red Check uplink fiber for optical loss.
Power cycle Expansion Hub one
time to check uplink laser.
No communications between the Main
Hub and the Expansion Hub.
Uplink laser failure.
DL STATUS Red Check the downlink fiber for opti-
cal loss
No communications with the Main Hub.
E-HUB
STATUS Red If either the UL STATUS or the DL
STATUS are also red, see above.
Cycle power on the Expansion
Hub. If fault remains, replace the
Expansion Hub.
Internal Expansion Hub fault (including
either of the above UL STATUS or DL
STATUS states).
9-20 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
9.4 Troublshooting Cat-5/6
Refer to Table A-1 on page A-1 for a description of the Cat-5/6 wire assignment. The
following table summarizes Cat-5/6 problems if a wire is cut or miswired.
Table 9-14 Summary of Cat-5/6 Cable Wiring Problems
Type of
problem Message Icon Impact
Wire 1 or 2 cut None High phase noise, degraded signal on both
Downlink and Uplink (high bit error rate)
Wire 3 or 6 cut • No communication with RAUn RAU unable to communicate with EH
Wire 4 or 5 cut • RAUn uplink AGC failure Increased ripple in the uplink path
• Cat-5/6 cable between RAUn and EH is
longer than recommended
Wire 7 or 8 cut • Downlink pilot failure Increased ripple in the downlink path
• Cat-5/6 cable between RAUn and EH is
longer than recommended
Wire 1 to RJ-45
pin 3 or 6
• No communication with RAUn RAU unable to communicate with EH,
RAU’s RS-485 port damaged
Wire 1 to RJ-45
pin 4, 5, 7 or 8
•RAUn over current RAU will not power on.
Wire 2 to RJ-45
pin 3 or 6
• No communication with RAUnRAU unable to communicate with EH,
RAU’s RS-485 port damaged
Wire 2 to RJ-45
pin 4, 5, 7 or 8
•RAUn over current RAU will not power on
Wire 3 to RJ-45
pin 4, 5, 7 or 8
• No communication with RAUnRAU unable to communicate with EH
Wire 6 to RJ-45
pin 4, 5, 7 or 8
• No communication with RAUnRAU unable to communicate with EH
Wire 4 to RJ-45
pin 7 or 8
•RAUn uplink AGC failure Increased ripple in the downlink and
uplink path
• Cat-5/6 cable between RAUn and EH is
longer than recommended
• Downlink pilot failure
• Cat-5/6 cable between RAUn and EH is
longer than recommended
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 9-21
620003-0 Rev. B
Wire 5 to RJ-45
pin 7 or 8
•RAUn uplink AGC failure Increased ripple in the downlink and
uplink path
• Cat-5/6 cable between RAUn and EH is
longer than recommended
• Downlink pilot failure
• Cat-5/6 cable between RAUn and EH is
longer than recommended
Table 9-14 Summary of Cat-5/6 Cable Wiring Problems (continued)
Type of
problem Message Icon Impact
9-22 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
9.5 Technical Assistance
Call our help hot line for technical assistance:
1-800-530-9960 (U.S. only)
+1-408-952-2400 (International)
Leave your name and phone number and an LGC Wireless customer service repre-
sentative will return your call within an hour. Be prepared to provide the following
information when you receive the return call:
• Company name
• End user name
• Type of system, model number, frequency
• Approximate time in service (warranty), sales order number
• Description of problem
• LED status
• AdminManager faults, warnings, and status messages
PN 8700-10 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual A-1
620003-0 Rev. B
APPENDIX A Cables and Connectors
A.1 Cat-5/6 Cable (ScTP)
• Connects the Expansion Hub to the RAU(s)
• Transmits (downlink) and receives (uplink) IF signals
• Delivers DC electrical power to the RAUs. The Expansion Hub’s DC voltage out-
put is 36V DC nominal. A current limiting circuit is used to protect the Expansion
Hub if it reaches its current limit
• Carries configuration and status information
• Use shielded RJ-45 connectors
• Distances:
• Minimum: 10 meters (33 ft)
• Recommended Maximum: 100 meters (328 ft)
• Absolute Maximum: 150 meters (492 ft)
There are four separate twisted pairs in one Cat-5/6 screened twisted pair (ScTP)
cable. The ScTP cable loss described in this document is for Cat-5 Mohawk/CDT
55986 or Belden 1624P DataTwist Five cable, or equivalent. The following table lists
the functional assignment of the pairs:
Table A-1 Cat-5/6 Twisted Pair Assignment
Pair (wire number) Function
1 & 2 Clock and Input Voltage
3 & 6 RS-485
4 & 5 Uplink IF, UL Pilot and Ground
7 & 8 Downlink IF, DL Pilot and Ground
A-2 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
All Cat-5/6 cable must be terminated according to the TIA/EIA 568-A standard. The
following diagram shows the top view of the wiring map for the cable and how the
four pairs should be terminated.
Figure A-1 Wiring Map for Cat-5/6 Cable
The nominal DC impedance of the Cat-5/6 cable is 0.08 ohm/meter and the nominal
RF impedance is 100 ohm.
NOTE: Be sure to test cable termination before installing the cable.
NOTE: Mohawk/CDT 55986 or Belden 1624P DataTwist® Five ScTP cable, or
equivalent is required. In order to meet FCC and CE Mark emissions requirements,
the Cat-5/6 cable must be screened (ScTP) and it must be grounded to the units at
both ends (i.e., RAU and Expansion Hub) using shielded RJ-45 connectors.
12 3 45 6 78
Brown
Brown/
White
Blue Blue/
White
Green/
White
Green Orange
Orange/
White
RJ-45 Port
12345678
W-G
G
W-O
BL
W-BL
O
W-BR
BR
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 A-3
620003-0 Rev. B
A.2 Fiber Optical Cables
• Connects Main Hub to Expansion Hub(s)
• Transmits (downlink) and receives (uplink) optical signals
• Carries configuration and status information
• Use industry-standard 62.5µm/125µm MMF or Corning SMF-28 fiber, or equiva-
lent.
• SC/APC (angle-polished) connectors are required throughout the fiber network
(port-to-port), including fiber distribution panels
• Distances:
• Multi-mode Fiber: up to 1.5 km (4,921 ft) – 3 dB optical loss maximum
• Single-mode Fiber: up to 6 km (19,685 ft) – 3 dB optical loss maximum
A.3 Coaxial Cable
• Connects a Main Hub to a repeater or base station (N-type connectors)
• Connects an RAU to a passive antenna (SMA connectors)
A.4 Standard Modem Cable
• Connects a modem to the Main Hub’s front panel serial port
Figure A-2 Standard Modem Cable Pinout
DB-9
Connector
Pin
DB-25
Connector
Pin
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
8
3
2
20
7
6
4
5
22
A-4 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
A.5 DB-9 to DB-9 Null Modem Cable
A DB-9 female to DB-9 female null modem cable is used to connect the AdminMan-
ager PC to a Unison Main Hub. A cable is included with AdminManager. Table A-2
lists the cable pinout and Figure A-3 shows a diagram of its wiring.
Figure A-3 DB-9 Female to DB-9 Female Null Modem Cable Diagram
Table A-2 DB-9 Female to DB-9 Female Null Modem Cable Pinout
From Signal To Signal
P1-4 DTR P2-6, P2-1 DSR, DCD
P1-6 DSR P1-1, P2-4 DCD, DTR
P1-3 TXD P2-2 RXD
P1-2 RXD P2-3 TXD
P1-5 GND P2-5 GND
P1-7 RTS P2-8 CTS
P1-8 CTS P2-7 RTS
P1-9 N/C N/C N/C
Note that for each DB-9 connector, pins 1 and 6 are tied together and sent to pin 4
of the opposite connector; thus, providing the required handshake signals.
DB-9
Connector
Pin
DB-9
Connector
Pin
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 A-5
620003-0 Rev. B
A.6 DB-25 to DB-9 Null Modem Cable
A DB-25 male to DB-9 female Null modem cable is used to connect a 232 Port
Expander to a Unison Main Hub, or to connect a modem to the Main Hub when using
OpsConsole to monitor the system. Table A-3 lists the pinout of the cable for Unison
and Figure A-4 shows a diagram of its wiring.
Figure A-4 DB-25 Male to DB-9 Female Null Modem Modem Cable Diagram
Table A-3 DB-25 Male to DB-9 Female Null Modem Cable Pinout
25-Pin Signal 9-Pin Signal
20
2
3
6,8
7
5
4
DTR
TX
RX
DSR, DCD
GND
CTS
RTS
1, 6
2
3
4
5
7
8
DSR, DCD
RX
TX
DTR
GND
RTS
CTS
DB-25 Male
Connector
Pin
DB-9 Female
Connector
Pin
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
20
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
A-6 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
PN 8700-10 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual B-1
620003-0 Rev. B
APPENDIX B InterReach Unison Property
Sheet
Use the “InterReach Unison Property Sheet” form, which is provided on the follow-
ing page, to document a system configuration. The completed form can be used for
future reference when the system is being maintained or components are added or
exchanged. An example of a completed form is shown below.
InterReachTM Unison Property Sheet
Installer:
J. Smith Date:
10/10/10 Main Hub Serial Number:
L010BMH1
System Label: System Gain: Alarm Sense: System Band:
DCS 2
AB UL: DL: Yes
No
Normally-Closed
Normally-Open
Unit
MH - EH - RAU
RAU Attenuation?
Yes/No
Unit
Serial No. Unit Installation Location
AB-1-n (EH 1) — L010BEH9 2nd floor Telecom closet
AB-1-1 (RAU 1) no L010BRU1 Hallway, outside Boardroom
AB-1-2 (RAU 2) no L120BRU1 Hallway, outside #230
AB-1-3 (RAU 3) yes L007BRU1 Hallway, atrium north side
AB-1-4 (RAU 4) no L111BRU6 Hallway, outside #207
1-1-5 (RAU 5)
1-1-6 (RAU 6)
1-1-7 (RAU 7)
1-1-8 (RAU 8)
1-2-n (EH 2) —
1-2-1 (RAU 1)
1-2-2 (RAU 2)
1-2-3 (RAU 3)
1-2-4 (RAU 4)
1-2-5 (RAU 5)
1-2-6 (RAU 6)
1-2-7 (RAU 7)
1-2-8 (RAU 8)
1-3-n (EH 3) —
1-3-1 (RAU 1)
1-3-2 (RAU 2)
1-3-3 (RAU 3)
1-3-4 (RAU 4)
1-3-5 (RAU 5)
1-3-6 (RAU 6)
1-3-7 (RAU 7)
1-3-8 (RAU 8)
1-4-n (EH 4) —
1-4-1 (RAU 1)
1-4-2 (RAU 2)
1
-
4
-
3(RAU3)
B-2 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
InterReachTM Unison Property Sheet
Installer: Date: Main Hub Serial Number:
System Label: System Gain: Alarm Sense: System Band:
UL: DL: Yes
No
Normally-Closed
Normally-Open
Unit
MH - EH - RAU
RAU
Attenuation?
Yes/No
Unit
Serial No. Unit Installation Location
1-1-n (EH 1)
1-1-1 (RAU 1)
1-1-2 (RAU 2)
1-1-3 (RAU 3)
1-1-4 (RAU 4)
1-1-5 (RAU 5)
1-1-6 (RAU 6)
1-1-7 (RAU 7)
1-1-8 (RAU 8)
1-2-n (EH 2)
1-2-1 (RAU 1)
1-2-2 (RAU 2)
1-2-3 (RAU 3)
1-2-4 (RAU 4)
1-2-5 (RAU 5)
1-2-6 (RAU 6)
1-2-7 (RAU 7)
1-2-8 (RAU 8)
1-3-n (EH 3)
1-3-1 (RAU 1)
1-3-2 (RAU 2)
1-3-3 (RAU 3)
1-3-4 (RAU 4)
1-3-5 (RAU 5)
1-3-6 (RAU 6)
1-3-7 (RAU 7)
1-3-8 (RAU 8)
1-4-n (EH 4)
1-4-1 (RAU 1)
1-4-2 (RAU 2)
1-4-3 (RAU 3)
1-4-4 (RAU 4)
1-4-5 (RAU 5)
1-4-6 (RAU 6)
1-4-7 (RAU 7)
1-4-8 (RAU 8)
PN 8700-10 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual C-1
620003-0 Rev. B
APPENDIX C Compliance
900 Paging/SMR
• Safety: UL 60950 3rd Edition
• EMC: FCC part 15 class A
• Radio: FCC Part 90
Cellular Products
• Safety: UL 60950 3rd Edition
• EMC: FCC part 15 class A
DCS Products
• Safety: CB scheme evaluation to IEC 950, 3rd Edition with all national deviations
• EMC: EN 301 489-8 V.1.1.1 (2000-09), CISPR 24: 1998
• Radio: ETS 300 609-4 V.8.0.2 (2000-10)
GSM/EGSM Products
• Safety: CB scheme evaluation to IEC 950, 3rd Edition with all national deviations
• Radio: EN 301 502 V.7.0.1 (2000-08)
• EMC: EN 301 489-8 V.1.1.1 (2000-09), CISPR 24: 1998
iDEN Products
• Safety: UL 60950, 3rd Edition
• EMC: FCC part 15 class A
• Radio: FCC part 90
C-2 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
PCS Products
• Safety: UL 60950 3rd Edition
• EMC: FCC part 15 class A
•Radio: FCC part 24
•Radio: FCC part 22
UMTS Products
• Safety: CB scheme evaluation to IEC 950, 3rd Edition with all national deviations
• EMC: ETSI TS 125 113 V.4.1.0 (2001-06)
• Radio: ETSI TS 125 143 V.4.0.0 (2001-03)
PN 8700-10 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual D-1
620003-0 Rev. B
APPENDIX D Release Notes
D.1 Unison Release 4
This document is for the Unison Release 4 products listed in the following table.
Table D-1 Unison Release 4 Line-up
Unison Component EPN* Hardware
Revision**
Firmware (FW) or
Software (SW)
Release*
Main Hub 740510-2 C 010559 (FW)
Expansion Hub 740530-2 C 01054E (FW)
RAU:
PCS 740552-2 C 01053C (FW)
DCS 740553-1 D 01053C (FW)
GSM 740554-1 E 01052B (FW)
Cellular 740550-1 B 01052B (FW)
iDEN 740551-0 A 01052B (FW)
UMTS 740560-1 B 01052B (FW)
AdminManager 750001-0 N/A v1.08 (SW)
OpsConsole 750002-0 N/A v1.02 (SW)
* Use the Get Unit Info command in the AdminManager’s Configuration & Maintenance Panel to
verify the EPN and Firmware/Software Version of the component
** The hardware revision number is on a label on the back panel of the component
D-2 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
D.2 Compatibility
The following table provides compatibility information for the Unison firmware
(FW) and hardware (HW) (i.e., Main Hub (MHub), Expansion Hub (EHub), and low
(Lo) and high (Hi) band RAUs).
Table D-2 Hardware/Firmware/Software Release Compatibility
Past
Firmware
Release Component
Release 4 Firmware
AdminManager
Version 1.08 OpsConsole
Version 1.02
Main Hub
FW Expansion
Hub FW
Lo Band
RAUa
FW
a. iDEN, GSM, Cellular, and UMTS
Hi Band
RAUb
FW
b. PCS and DCS
Release 3.1
Firmware
MHub HW ccc
EHub HW ccc
Lo RAU HW ccc
Hi RAU HW cc c
MHub FW c pc, 2 pc, 2 pc, 2, 5 pc, 2, 5
EHub FW c c c pc, 5 pc, 5
Lo RAU FW pc, 2, 4 c pc, 2, 5 pc, 2, 5
Hi RAU FW pc, 2, 4 c pc, 2, 5 pc, 2, 5
AdminMgr 1.06 pc, 2, 3 pc, 2, 3 pc, 2, 3 pc, 2, 3
Release 3
Firmware
MHub HW ccc
EHub HW ccc
Lo RAU HW ccc
Hi RAU HW cc c
MHub FW c pc, 2 pc, 2 pc, 2, 5 pc, 2, 5
EHub FW c c c pc, 5 pc, 5
Lo RAU FW pc, 2, 4 c pc, 2, 5 pc, 2, 5
Hi RAU FW pc, 2, 4 c pc, 2, 5 pc, 2, 5
AdminMgr v1.06 pc, 2, 3 pc, 2, 3 pc, 2, 3 pc, 2, 3
Release 2
Firmware
Does not
support:
•iDEN
•GSM
•EGSM
•UMTS
MHub HW c
EHub HW c
Lo RAU HW c
Hi RAU HW c
MHub FW nc nc pc nc nc
EHub FW cccncnc
Lo RAU FW pc, 2, 4 c nc nc
Hi RAU FW pc, 2, 4 c nc nc
AdminMgr v1.06 nc nc nc nc
OpsConsole
PN 8700-10 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 D-3
620003-0 Rev. B
Appendix D-2 Notes:
1. c – compatible; pc – partially compatible; nc – not compatible
2. Does not support DCS4 and GSM
3. Downstream lockout due to fault is incorrectly indicated as a lockout
4. Main Hub issues band command to RAU on first “F” detect (causes RAU to
attempt alarm recovery where Release 4 won’t)
5. Release 3.1 and 3 will flag most “warnings” as an error, which will open warning
contact closure and display warning icons in AdminManager, while Release 4
will flag most as “system status” and display status icons.
D.3 New Capabilites
• Supports GSM and EGSM frequency bands using the GSM RAU
• Supports the DCS4 band
Frequencies: DL 1815–1850 MHz, UL 1720–1755 MHz
• Supports globally downloading firmware updates to multiple units at the same
time (i.e., all RAUs in a system, then all of the Expansion Hubs, and finally the
Main Hub)
• Supports reclassification of status messages
Warning Icons Status Icons
Main Hub Main Hub
Expansion Hub Expansion Hub
RAU RAU
D-4 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
PN 8700-10 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual E-1
620003-0 Rev. B
APPENDIX E Glossary
Air Interface A method for formatting data and voice onto radio waves. Common
air interfaces include AMPS, TDMA, CDMA, and GSM.
AIN Advanced Intelligent Network. AINs allow a wireless user to make and receive
phone calls while roaming outside the user’s “home” network. These networks,
which rely on computers and sophisticated switching techniques, also provide
many Personal Communications Service (PCS) features.
Amplitude The distance between high and low points of a waveform or signal.
AMPS Advanced Mobile Phone Service. AMPS is an analog cellular FDMA sys-
tem. It was the basis of the first commercial wireless communication system in
the U.S and has been used in more than 35 other countries worldwide.
Analog The original method of modulating radio signals so they can carry informa-
tion which involves transmitting a continuously variable signal. Amplitude Mod-
ification (AM) and Frequency Modulation (FM) are the most common methods
of analog modulation.
ANSI The American National Standards Institute. A nonprofit, privately funded
membership organization founded in 1918 that reviews and approves standards
developed by other organizations.
Antenna A device for transmitting and/or receiving signals.
Attenuation The decrease in power that occurs when any signal is transmitted.
Attenuation is measured in decibels (dB).
Backhaul A term applied to the process of carrying wireless traffic between the
MSC and the base station.
Base Station The radio transmitter/receiver that maintains communications with
mobile devices within a specific area.
BSC Base Station Controller. A GSM term referring to the device in charge of man-
aging the radio interface in a GSM system, including the allocation and release of
radio channels and hand-off of active calls within the system.
E-2 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
620003-0 Rev. B
BTA Basic Trading Area. The U.S. and its territories are divided into 493 areas,
called BTAs. These BTAs are composed of a specific list of counties, based on a
system originally developed by Rand McNally. The FCC grants licenses to wire-
less operators to provide service within these BTAs and/or MTAs. (See MTA.)
BTS Base Transceiver Station. A GSM term referring to the group of network
devices that provide radio transmission and reception, including antennas.
C/I Carrier to interference ratio. The ratio of the desired signal strength to the com-
bined interference of all mobile phones using the system. Usually, the interfer-
ence of most concern is that provided by mobile phones using the same channel
in the system. These are referred to as “co-channel interferers.”
CCITT Consultative Committee on International Telephone and Telegraph. This
organization sets international communications standards. The CCITT is now
known as ITU (the parent organization).
CDMA Code Division Multiple Access. A digital wireless access technology that
uses spread-spectrum techniques. Unlike alternative systems, such as GSM, that
use time-division multiplexing (TDM), CDMA does not assign a specific fre-
quency to each user. Instead, every channel uses the full available spectrum.
Individual conversations are assigned a unique code which allows the conversa-
tion to be spread out over multiple channels; transmitted to the far end; and
re-assembled for the recipient using a specific code.
CDPD Cellular Digital Packet Data. CDPD allows data transmission over the ana-
log wireless network. CDPD breaks data into packets and transmits these packets
on idle portions of the network.
Cell A cell defines a specific, physical area of coverage of a portion of a wireless
system. It is the basic “building block” of all modern wireless communications
systems.
Cell Site A term which refers to the location of the transmission equipment (e.g.,
basestation) within the cell.
CEPT Conference of European Postal and Telecommunications Administrations.
This organization’s mandate is to define pan-European wireless communications
standards. In 1982, CEPT mandated GSM as the access protocol for public wire-
less communications systems across Europe.
Channel The path along which a communications signal is transmitted. Channels
may be simplex (communication occurs in only one direction), duplex (commu-
nication occurs in both directions) or full duplex (communication occurs in both
directions simultaneously).
Circuit A communication connection between two or more points. A circuit can
transmit either voice or data.
CO Central Office. The main switching facility for a telecommunications system.
PN 8700-10 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual E-3
620003-0 Rev. B
CTIA Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association. The CTIA is an industry
association made up of most of the wireless carriers and other industry players. It
was formed in 1984 to promote the cellular industry and cellular technology.
D-AMPS Digital Advanced Mobile Phone Service. See IS-54.
dB Decibel. A unit for expressing the ratio of two amounts of power. It is often used
in wireless to describe the amount of power loss in a system (i.e., the ratio of
transmitted power to received power).
DCS Digital Communications System. DCS is often called “upbanded GSM” since
it is the GSM access scheme adopted to operate in the 1700–1800 MHz portion
of the spectrum.
Digital A method of storing, processing, and transmitting information by represent-
ing information as “0s” and “1s” via electrical pulses. Digital systems have
largely replaced analog systems because they can carry more data at higher speed
than analog transmission systems.
Electromagnetic Spectrum Electrical wave forms in frequency ranges as low as
535 kHz (AM radio) and as high as 29 GHz (cable TV).
ESMR Enhanced Specialized Mobile Radio. Digital mobile telephone services
offered to the public over channels previously used for two-way analog dispatch
services. ESMR provides digital mobile radio and telephone service as well as
messaging and dispatch features.
ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute. ETSI was established in
1988 to set standards for Europe in telecommunications, broadcasting and office
information technology.
FCC Federal Communications Commission. In the United States, the FCC is
responsible for the management and regulation of communication policy for all
public communications services, including wireless.
FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access. A wireless access protocol that
assigns each user a specific radio channel for use. Since FDMA only supports
one user (or conversation) on each channel, it does not maximize use of the spec-
trum and is therefore largely been superseded by other access protocols (such as
CDMA, TDMA, GSM, iDEN) that support multiple users on a single channel.
Frequency Hopping A wireless signal transmission technique whereby the fre-
quency used to carry a signal is periodically changed, according to a predeter-
mined code, to another frequency.
Fixed An ITU definition for radio communications between specified fixed points.
Point-to-point high-frequency circuits and microwave links are two examples of
fixed applications.
FM Frequency Modulation. A method of transmitting information in which the fre-
quency of the carrier is modified according to a plan agreed to by the transmitter
and the receiver. FM can be either analog or digital.
E-4 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10
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Forward Channel Refers to the radio channel that sends information from the base
station to the mobile station. (See Reverse Channel.)
Frequency The number of times an electrical signal repeats an identical cycle in a
unit of time, normally one second. One Hertz (Hz) is one cycle per second.
Frequency re-use The ability to use the same frequencies repeatedly across a cellu-
lar system. Because each cell is designed to use radio frequencies only within its
boundaries, the same frequencies can be reused in other cells not far away with
little potential for interference. The reuse of frequencies is what enables a cellu-
lar system to handle a huge number of calls with a limited number of channels.
Gain The increase in power that occurs when any signal is amplified, usually
through an amplifier or antenna.
GHz Gigahertz. A measure of frequency equal to one billion hertz.
GSM Groupe Speciale Mobile (now translated in English as Global Standard for
Mobile Communications). GSM is the digital wireless standard used throughout
Europe, in much of Asia, as well as by some operators in the U.S. and South
America.
Handoff The process by which the wireless system passes a wireless phone conver-
sation from one radio frequency in one cell to another radio frequency in another
as the caller moves between two cells. In most systems today, this handoff is per-
formed so quickly that callers don’t notice.
Hertz A measurement of electromagnetic energy, equivalent to one “wave” per sec-
ond. Hertz is abbreviated as “Hz”.
iDEN Integrated Digital Enhanced Network. A TDMA-based wireless access tech-
nology that combines two-way radio, telephone, text message, and data transmis-
sion into one network. This system was developed by Motorola. In the U.S.,
iDEN is used by Nextel in its network.
IEEE The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. The world’s largest
technical professional society with members from more than 130 countries. The
IEEE works to advance the theory and practice of electrical, electronics, com-
puter engineering and computer science.
Infrastructure A term used to encompass all of the equipment, including both hard-
ware and software, used in a communications network.
IS-54 Interim Standard-54. A U.S. TDMA cellular standard that operates in the
800 MHz or 1900 MHz band. IS-54 was the first U.S. digital cellular standard. It
was adopted by the CTIA in 1990.
IS-95 Interim Standard-95. A U.S. CDMA cellular standard that operates in the
800 MHz or 1900 MHz band. This standard was developed by Qualcomm and
adopted by the CTIA in 1993.
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IS-136 Interim Standard-136. A U.S. TDMA cellular standard based on IS-54 that
operates in the 800 MHz or 1900 MHz band.
IS-553 Interim Standard-533. The U.S. analog cellular (AMPS) air interface stan-
dard.
ITU International Telecommunications Union. The ITU is the principal interna-
tional standards organization. It is charted by the United Nations and it estab-
lishes international regulations governing global telecommunications networks
and services. Its headquarters are in Geneva, Switzerland.
LMDS Local Multipoint Distribution Services. LMDS provides line-of-sight cover-
age over distances up to 3–5 kilometers and operates in the 28 GHz portion of the
spectrum. It can deliver high speed, high bandwidth services such as data and
video applications.
Local Loop A communication channel (usually a physical phone line) between a
subscriber’s location and the network’s Central Office.
MHz Megahertz. One million Hertz. One MHz equals one million cycles per sec-
ond.
Microcell A network cell designed to serve a smaller area than larger macrocells.
Microcells are smaller and lower powered than macrocells. As the subscriber
base increases, operators must continue to increase the number of cells in their
network to maximize channel re-use. This has led to an increasing number of
microcells being deployed in wireless networks.
Microwave Electromagnetic waves with frequencies above 1 GHz. Microwave
communications are used for line-of-sight, point-to-point, or point-to-multipoint
communications.
MSA Metropolitan Statistical Area. The FCC has established 306 MSAs in the U.S.
The MSAs represent the largest population centers in the U.S. At least two wire-
less operators are licensed in each MSA.
MSC Mobile Services Switching Center. A generic term for the main cellular
switching center in the wireless communications network.
MSS Mobile Satellite Service. Communications transmission service provided by
satellites. A single satellite can provide coverage to the entire United States.
MTA Major Trading Area. The U.S. and its territories are divided into 51 MTAs.
Each MTA is composed of a specific number of BTAs. The FCC grants licenses
to wireless operators to provide service within these MTAs and/or BTAs. (See
BTA.)
Multiplexing The simultaneous transmission of two or more signals on the same
radio (or other) transmission facility.
N-AMPS Narrowband Advanced Mobile Phone Service.
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PCMCIA Personal Computer Memory Card International Association. This acro-
nym is used to refer to credit card sized packages containing memory, I/O
devices and other capabilities for use in Personal Computers, handheld comput-
ers and other devices.
PCS Personal Communications Service. A vague label applied to new-generation
mobile communication technology that uses the narrow band and broadband
spectrum recently allocated in the 1.9 GHz band.
PDA Personal Digital Assistant. Portable computing devices that are extremely por-
table and that offer a variety of wireless communication capabilities, including
paging, electronic mail, stock quotations, handwriting recognition, facsimile, cal-
endar, and other information handling capabilities.
PDC Personal Digital Cellular (formerly Japanese Digital Cellular). A
TDMA-based digital cellular standard that operates in the 1500 MHz band.
Phase The particular angle of inflection of a wave at a precise moment in time. It is
normally measured in terms of degrees.
PHS Personal Handyphone System. A wireless telephone standard, developed and
first deployed in Japan. It is a low mobility, small-cell system.
POP Short for “population”. One person equals one POP.
POTS Plain Old Telephone Service.
PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network. Refers to the international telephone
system and includes both local and long distance networks.
Reverse Channel Refers to the radio channel that sends information from a mobile
station to a base station. (See Forward Channel.)
RF Radio Frequency. Those frequencies in the electromagnetic spectrum that are
associated with radio wave propagation.
Roaming The ability to use a wireless phone to make and receive calls in places
outside one's home calling area.
RSA Rural Service Area. One of the 428 FCC-designated rural markets across the
United States used as license areas for cellular licenses. (See MTAs and BTAs.)
Sector A portion of a cell. Often, different sectors within the same cell will each use
a different set of frequencies to maximize spectrum utilization.
Signal to Noise Ratio The ratio of signal power to noise power at a given point in a
given system.
Smart Antenna Refers to an antenna whose signal handling characteristics change
as signal conditions change.
Soft Handoff Virtually undetectable by the user, soft handoff allows both the origi-
nal cell and a new cell to serve a call temporarily during the handoff transition.
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Spectrum The range of electromagnetic frequencies.
Spread Spectrum A method of transmitting a signal over a broad range of frequen-
cies and then re-assembling the transmission at the far end. This technique
reduces interference and increases the number of simultaneous conversations
within a given radio frequency band.
T-1 A North American commercial digital transmission standard. A T-1 connection
uses time division multiplexing to carry 24 digital voice or data channels over
copper wire.
TDMA Time Division Multiple Access. A method of digital wireless communica-
tions that allows multiple users to access (in sequence) a single radio frequency
channel without interference by allocating unique time slots to each user within
each channel.
TIA Telecommunications Industry Association.
TR-45 One of six committees of the Telecommunications Industry Association.
TR-45 oversees the standard making process for wireless telecommunications.
Upbanded A service or technology that has been re-engineered to operate at a
higher frequency than originally designed.
Wireless Describes any radio-based system that allows transmission of voice and/or
data signals through the air without a physical connection, such as a metal wire
or fiber optic cable.
Wireline Wire paths that use metallic conductors to provide electrical connections
between components of a system, such as a communication system.
WLANs Wireless Local Area Networks. Technology that provides wireless com-
munications to Portable Computer users over short distances.
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