ADC Telecommunications UNS-PS70-1 In-Building Wireless Networking System User Manual unison

ADC Telecommunications Inc. In-Building Wireless Networking System unison

User Manual

D-620003-0-20 Rev KInstallation, Operation, and Reference ManualInterReach UnisonCONFIDENTIAL
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev KThis manual is produced for use by LGC Wireless personnel, licensees, and customers. The information contained herein is the property of LGC Wireless. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose, without the express written permission of LGC Wireless.LGC Wireless reserves the right to make changes, without notice, to the specifications and materials contained herein, and shall not be responsible for any damages caused by reliance on the material as presented, including, but not limited to, typographical and listing errors.Your comments are welcome – they help us improve our products and documentation. Please address your comments to LGC Wireless, Inc. corporate headquarters in San Jose, California:Address 2540 Junction AvenueSan Jose, California95134-1902 USAAttn: Marketing Dept.Phone 1-408-952-2400Fax 1-408-952-2410Help Hot Line  1-800-530-9960 (U.S. only)+1-408-952-2400 (International)Web Address http://www.lgcwireless.come-mail info@lgcwireless.comservice@lgcwireless.comCopyright © 2008 by LGC Wireless, Inc. Printed in USA. All rights reserved.TrademarksAll trademarks identified by ™ or ® are trademarks or registered trademarks of LGC Wireless, Inc. All other trademarks belong to their respective owners.
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualD-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALLimited WarrantySeller warrants articles of its manufacture against defective materials or workmanship for a period of one year from the date of shipment to Purchaser, except as provided in any warranty applicable to Purchaser on or in the package containing the Goods (which warranty takes precedence over the following warranty). The liability of Seller under the foregoing warranty is limited, at Seller’s option, solely to repair or replacement with equivalent Goods, or an appropriate adjustment not to exceed the sales price to Purchaser, provided that (a) Seller is notified in writing by Purchaser, within the one year warranty period, promptly upon discovery of defects, with a detailed description of such defects, (b) Purchaser has obtained a Return Materials Authorization (RMA) from Seller, which RMA Seller agrees to provide Purchaser promptly upon request, (c) the defective Goods are returned to Seller, transportation and other applicable charges prepaid by the Purchaser, and (d) Seller’s examination of such Goods discloses to its reasonable satisfaction that defects were not caused by negligence, misuse, improper installation, improper maintenance, accident or unauthorized repair or alteration or any other cause outside the scope of Purchaser’s warranty made hereunder. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Seller shall have the option to repair any defective Goods at Purchaser’s facility. The original warranty period for any Goods that have been repaired or replaced by seller will not thereby be extended. In addition, all sales will be subject to standard terms and conditions on the sales contract.Licensed OperatorsLGC Wireless’ equipment is designed to operate in the licensed frequency bands of mobile, cellular, and PCS operators. In the USA, the EU, and most countries this equipment may only be used by the licensee, his authorized agents or those with written authorization to do so. Similarly, unauthorized use is illegal, and subjects the owner to the corresponding legal sanctions of the national jurisdiction involved. Ownership of LGC Wireless equipment carries no automatic right of use.
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev K
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual iD-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALTable of ContentsSECTION 1 General Information  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  1-11.1  Firmware Release . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  1-21.2  Purpose and Scope  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-21.3  Conventions in this Manual  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-31.4  Acronyms in this Manual  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  1-41.5  Standards Conformance  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  1-61.6  Related Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  1-6SECTION 2 InterReach Unison System Description  . . . . . . 2-12.1  System Hardware  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-32.2  System OA&M Capabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-42.2.1  OA&M Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  2-72.2.2  Using Alarm Contacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  2-92.3  System Connectivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  2-112.4  System Operation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-122.5  System Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  2-132.5.1  InterReach Unison Wavelength and Laser Power . . . . . . . . .  2-142.5.2  Environmental Specifications  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  2-142.5.3  Operating Frequencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  2-152.5.4  RF End-to-End Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  2-16SECTION 3 Unison Main Hub   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3-13.1  Main Hub Front Panel  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3-23.1.1  Optical Fiber Uplink/Downlink Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3-33.1.2  Communications RS-232 Serial Connector  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3-33.1.3  LED Indicators  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3-43.2  Main Hub Rear Panel  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-73.2.1  Main Hub Rear Panel Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3-83.3  Main Hub Specifications  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-93.4  Faults, Warnings, and Status Messages  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-103.4.1  Description  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3-10
ii InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev K3.4.2  View Preference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10SECTION 4 Unison Expansion Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14.1  Expansion Hub Front Panel  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-24.1.1  RJ-45 Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-34.1.2  Optical Fiber Uplink/Downlink Connectors  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-34.1.3  LED Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-34.2  Expansion Hub Rear Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-64.3  Faults, Warnings, and Status Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-74.4  Expansion Hub Specifications  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8SECTION 5 Unison Remote Access Unit  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-15.1  Remote Access Unit Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-45.1.1  SMA Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-45.1.2  RJ-45 Connector  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-45.2  LED Indicators  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-45.3  Faults, Warnings, and Status Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-65.4  Remote Access Unit Specifications  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-65.5  RAUs in a Dual Band System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7SECTION 6 Designing a Unison Solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-16.1  Maximum Output Power Per Carrier at RAU . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-36.1.1  800 MHz Cellular  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-46.1.2  800 MHz iDEN/SMR  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-56.1.3  900 MHz GSM and EDGE  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-66.1.4  1800 MHz DCS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-76.1.5  1900 MHz PCS  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-86.1.6  2.1 GHz UMTS  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-96.1.7  1.7/2.1 GHz AWS  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-96.1.8  700 MHz Public Safety  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-106.2  Estimating RF Coverage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-126.2.1  Path Loss Equation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-136.2.2  Coverage Distance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-146.2.3  Examples of Design Estimates  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-196.3  System Gain  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-236.3.1 System Gain (Loss) Relative to ScTP Cable Length . . . . . . . 6-236.4  Link Budget Analysis  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-246.4.1  Elements of a Link Budget for Narrowband Standards . . . . . 6-246.4.2  Narrowband Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-276.4.3  Elements of a Link Budget for CDMA Standards . . . . . . . . . 6-296.4.4  CDMA Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell Application  . 6-326.4.5 Considerations for Re-Radiation (Over-the-Air) Systems . . . 6-356.5  Optical Power Budget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-366.6  Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-37
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual iiiD-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIAL6.6.1  Attenuation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6-386.6.2  Uplink Attenuation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6-396.6.3  RAU Attenuation and ALC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6-416.7  Designing for a Neutral Host System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-44SECTION 7 Installing Unison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-17.1  Installation Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-17.1.1  Component Location Requirements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7-27.1.2  Cable and Connector Requirements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7-27.1.3  Multiple Operator System Recommendations  . . . . . . . . . . . .  7-27.1.4  Distance Requirements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7-27.2  Safety Precautions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-47.2.1  Installation Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7-47.2.2  General Safety Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7-47.2.3  Fiber Port Safety Precautions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7-57.3  Preparing for System Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7-67.3.1  Pre-Installation Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7-67.3.2  Installation Checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7-67.3.3  Tools and Materials Required  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7-97.3.4  Optional Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7-97.4  Unison Component Installation Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7-117.4.1  Installing a Main Hub  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7-137.4.2  Installing Expansion Hubs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7-187.4.3  Installing RAUs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7-237.4.4  Installing a Dual-Band RAU Configuration  . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7-277.4.5  Using a Cat-5 Extender . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7-297.4.6  Configuring the System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7-307.5  Splicing Fiber Optic Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-337.5.1  Fusion Splices  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7-337.6  Interfacing a Main Hub to a Base Station or a Roof-top Antenna  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-357.6.1  Connecting Multiple Main Hubs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7-387.7  Connecting Contact Alarms to a Unison System . . . . . . . . . 7-427.7.1  Alarm Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7-437.7.2  Alarm Sense  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7-467.7.3  Alarm Cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7-497.8  Alarm Monitoring Connectivity Options  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-517.8.1  Direct Connection  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7-517.8.2  Modem Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7-527.8.3  RS-232 Port Expander Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7-537.8.4  POTS Line Sharing Switch Connection  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7-547.8.5  Ethernet and ENET/RS-232 Serial Hub Connection  . . . . . .  7-557.8.6  Network Interface Unit (NIU) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7-56SECTION 8 Replacing Unison Components . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8-18.1  Replacing an RAU  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8-1
iv InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev K8.2  Replacing an Expansion Hub  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-38.3  Replacing a Main Hub  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-4SECTION 9 Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical Assistance  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-19.1  Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-19.2  Maintenance  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-29.3  Troubleshooting  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-39.3.1  Troubleshooting using AdminManager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-49.3.2  Troubleshooting using LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-279.4  Troubleshooting CAT-5/5E/6  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-319.5  Technical Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-33APPENDIX A Cables and Connectors  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1A.1  CAT-5E/6 Cable (ScTP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-1A.2  Fiber Optical Cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-3A.3  Coaxial Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-3A.4  Standard Modem Cable  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-3A.5  DB-9 to DB-9 Null Modem Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-4A.6  DB-25 to DB-9 Null Modem Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-5APPENDIX B Compliance  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1B.1  Unison System Approval Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1B.2  Human Exposure to RF  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-3APPENDIX C Changes and New Capabilities  . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1C.1  New in Rev. K of Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1C.2  New in Rev. J of Manual  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-1C.3  New in Rev. H. of Manual  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-1C.4  New in Rev. G of Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-2C.5  New in Rev. F of Manual  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-2C.6  New in Rev. E of Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-2C.7  New in Rev. D of Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-2C.8  New in Rev. C of Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-2C.9  New in Rev. B of Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-3APPENDIX D Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-1
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual vD-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALList of FiguresFigure 2-1 Unison System Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  2-3Figure 2-2 OA&M Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  2-4Figure 2-3 Local System Monitoring and Reporting   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7Figure 2-4 Remote System Monitoring and Reporting  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8Figure 2-5 Alarm Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  2-9Figure 2-6 Alarm Sense.  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10Figure 2-7 Unison’s Double Star Architecture  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  2-11Figure 2-8 Downlink (Base Station to Wireless Devices) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  2-12Figure 2-9 Uplink (Wireless Devices to Base Station)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  2-12Figure 3-1 Main Hub in a Unison System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1Figure 3-2 Main Hub Block Diagram  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1Figure 3-3 Main Hub Front Panel  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2Figure 3-4 Main Hub Rear Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7Figure 4-1 Expansion Hub in a Unison System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1Figure 4-2 Expansion Hub Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1Figure 4-3 Expansion Hub Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2Figure 4-4 Expansion Hub Rear Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6Figure 5-1 Remote Access Unit in a Unison System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1Figure 5-2 Remote Access Unit Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2Figure 5-3 Dual-Port Antenna Configuration  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5-7Figure 6-1 Determining Path Loss between the Antenna and the Wireless Device 6-12Figure 6-2 Connecting Main Hubs to a Simplex Base Station  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6-37Figure 6-3 Main Hub to Duplex Base Station or Repeater Connections . . . . . . . .  6-38Figure 6-4 ALC Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6-41Figure 7-1 Mounting Bracket Detail  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-13Figure 7-2 Mounting Bracket Installation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-19Figure 7-3 800 MHz Spectrum  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7-24Figure 7-4 Guideline for Unison RAU Antenna Placement  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-24
vi InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev KFigure 7-5 Dual Band RAU Configuration  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-28Figure 7-6 Dual-Port Antenna Configuration  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-29Figure 7-7 Simplex Base Station to a Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-35Figure 7-8 Duplex Base Station to a Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-36Figure 7-9 Connecting a Main Hub to Multiple Base Stations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-37Figure 7-10 Connecting Two Main Hubs to a Simplex Repeater or Base Station . . 7-39Figure 7-11 Connecting Two Main Hubs to a Duplex Repeater or Base Station  . . 7-41Figure 7-12 Connecting MetroReach to Unison  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-43Figure 7-13 Using a BTS to Monitor Unison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-44Figure 7-14 Using a BTS and OpsConsole to Monitor Unison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-45Figure 7-15 Connecting LGCell to Unison  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-46Figure 7-16 Alarm Sense Contacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-46Figure 7-17 5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-49Figure 7-18 Alarm Sense Adapter Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-50Figure 7-19 OA&M Direct Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-51Figure 7-20 OA&M Modem Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-52Figure 7-21 OA&M Connection using an RS-232 Port Expander . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-53Figure 7-22 OA&M Connection using a POTS Line Sharing Switch . . . . . . . . . . . 7-54Figure 7-23 Cascading Line Sharing Switches  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-54Figure 7-24 OA&M Connection using Ethernet and ENET/232 Serial Hub . . . . . . 7-55Figure 7-25 Network Interface Unit (NIU) Configuration Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-56Figure 7-26 Multiple Unison Systems Monitored by a Single Network Management System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-57Figure A-1 Wiring Map for Cat-5E/6 Cable  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-2Figure A-2 Standard Modem Cable Pinout  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-3Figure A-3 DB-9 Female to DB-9 Female Null Modem Cable Diagram  . . . . . . . .A-4Figure A-4 DB-25 Male to DB-9 Female Null Modem Cable Diagram . . . . . . . . .A-5
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual viiD-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALList of TablesTable 1-1 Type Style Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3Table 2-1 AdminManager and OpsConsole Functional Differences  . . . . . . . . . . 2-5Table 2-2 AdminManager and OpsConsole Connectivity Differences . . . . . . . . . 2-6Table 2-3 System Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13Table 2-4 InterReach Unison Wavelength and Laser Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14Table 2-5 Environmental Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14Table 2-6 Operating Frequencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15Table 2-7 Cellular RF End-to-End Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16Table 2-8 iDEN RF End-to-End Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16Table 2-9 GSM/EGSM RF End-to-End Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-17Table 2-10 DCS RF End-to-End Performance  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-17Table 2-11 PCS RF End-to-End Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-18Table 2-12 UMTS RF End-to-End Performance** . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-18Table 2-13 AWS RF End-to-End Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-19Table 2-14 Public Safety 700 MHz RF End-to-End Performance  . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-19Table 3-1 Main Hub Status LED States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5Table 3-2 Main Hub Port LED States  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6Table 3-3 9-pin D-sub Connector Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8Table 3-4 Main Hub Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9Table 4-1 Expansion Hub Unit Status and DL/UL Status LED States  . . . . . . . . . 4-4Table 4-2 Expansion Hub Port LED States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5Table 4-3 DB-9 Pin Connectors  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6Table 4-4 Expansion Hub Specifications  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8Table 5-1 Frequency Bands covered by Unison RAUs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3Table 5-2 Remote Access Unit LED States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5Table 5-3 Remote Access Unit Specifications  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6Table 6-1 Cellular Power per Carrier  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4Table 6-2 iDEN/SMR Power per Carrier  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5
viii InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev KTable 6-3 GSM and EDGE Power per Carrier  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6Table 6-4 DCS Power per Carrier  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-7Table 6-5 PCS Power per Carrier  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8Table 6-6 UMTS Power per Carrier**  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-9Table 6-7 AWS Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-9Table 6-8 Public Safety 700 MHz Power per Carrier  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-10Table 6-9 900 MHz Paging/SMR/iDEN  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-10Table 6-10 800 MHz Cellular/1900 MHz PCS Power per Carrier  . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-11Table 6-11 Coaxial Cable Losses (Lcoax) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-12Table 6-12 Average Signal Loss of Common Building Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-13Table 6-13 Estimated Path Loss Slope for Different In-Building Environments  . 6-14Table 6-14 Frequency Bands and the Value of the first Term in Equation (3)  . . . 6-15Table 6-15 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 800 MHz Cellular Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-15Table 6-16 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 800 MHz iDEN Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-16Table 6-17 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 900 MHz GSM Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-16Table 6-18 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 900 MHz EGSM Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-16Table 6-19 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 1800 MHz DCS Applications  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-17Table 6-20 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 1800 MHz CDMA (Korea) Applications  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-17Table 6-21 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 1900 MHz PCS Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-17Table 6-22 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 2.1 GHz UMTS Applications  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-17Table 6-23 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 1.7/2.1 GHz AWS Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-18Table 6-24 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 700 MHz Public Safety Applications  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-18Table 6-25 System Gain (Loss) Relative to ScTP Cable Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-23Table 6-26 Link Budget Considerations for Narrowband Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-25Table 6-27 Narrowband Link Budget Analysis: Downlink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-27Table 6-28 Narrowband Link Budget Analysis: Uplink  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-28Table 6-29 Distribution of Power within a CDMA Signal  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-29Table 6-30 Additional Link Budget Considerations for CDMA . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-30Table 6-31 CDMA Link Budget Analysis: Downlink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-32Table 6-32 CDMA Link Budget Analysis: Uplink  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-34
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual ixD-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALTable 6-33 Frequency Bands Adjacent to System Configured Bands  . . . . . . . . . 6-43Table 6-34 Unison Capacity: Equal Coverage Areas  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-46Table 7-1 Unison Distance Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3Table 7-2 Installation Checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-6Table 7-3 Tools and Materials Required for Component Installation . . . . . . . . . . 7-9Table 7-4 Optional Accessories for Component Installation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-9Table 7-5 Troubleshooting Main Hub LEDs During Installation  . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-16Table 7-6 Troubleshooting Expansion Hub LEDs During Installation . . . . . . . . 7-22Table 7-7 Troubleshooting RAU LEDs During Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-26Table 7-8 Maximum/Minimum Cable Lengths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-30Table 7-9 Alarm Types  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-42Table 7-10 Pin Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-47Table 7-11 Input Electrical Characteristics   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-47Table 7-12 Output Electrical Characteristics   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-48Table 9-1 Faults Reported by the Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-6Table 9-2 Faults Reported by the Expansion Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-10Table 9-3 Faults Reported by the RAU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-16Table 9-4 Warnings Reported by the Main Hub  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-17Table 9-5 Warnings Reported by the Expansion Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-20Table 9-6 Warnings Reported by the RAU  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-21Table 9-7 Status Messages Reported by the Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-22Table 9-8 Status Messages Reported by the Expansion Hub  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-24Table 9-9 Status Messages Reported by the RAU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-26Table 9-10 Troubleshooting Main Hub Port LEDs During Normal Operation . . . 9-27Table 9-11 Troubleshooting Main Hub Status LEDs During Normal Operation  . 9-28Table 9-12 Troubleshooting Expansion Hub Port LEDs During Normal Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-29Table 9-13 Troubleshooting Expansion Hub Status LEDs During Normal Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-30Table 9-14 Summary of Cat-5/5E/6 Cable Wiring Problems  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-31Table A-1 CAT-5E/6 Twisted Pair Assignment  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1Table A-2 DB-9 Female to DB-9 Female Null Modem Cable Pinout . . . . . . . . . . A-4Table A-3 DB-25 Male to DB-9 Female Null Modem Cable Pinout . . . . . . . . . . . A-5
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InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual 1-1D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALSECTION 1 General InformationThis section contains the following subsections:• Section 1.1   Firmware Release . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2• Section 1.2   Purpose and Scope  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2• Section 1.3   Conventions in this Manual  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3• Section 1.4   Acronyms in this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4• Section 1.5   Standards Conformance  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6• Section 1.6   Related Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6
Firmware Release1-2 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev K1.1 Firmware ReleaseFor the latest Firmware Release and associated documentation, access the LGC Wireless customer portal at LGCWireless.com.1.2 Purpose and ScopeThis document describes the InterReachTM Unison system components.• Section 2  InterReach Unison System DescriptionThis section provides an overview of the Unison hardware and OA&M capabili-ties. It also contains system specifications and RF end-to-end performance tables.• Section 3   Unison Main HubThis section illustrates and describes the Main Hub. This section also includes con-nector and LED descriptions, communication cable (serial and null modem) pin outs, and unit specifications.• Section 4   Unison Expansion HubThis section illustrates and describes the Expansion Hub, as well as connector and LED descriptions, and unit specifications.• Section 5   Unison Remote Access UnitThis section illustrates and describes the Remote Access Unit, as well as connector and LED descriptions, and unit specifications.• Section 6   Designing a Unison SolutionThis section provides tools to aid you in designing your Unison system, including tables of the maximum output power per carrier at the RAU and formulas and tables for calculating path loss, coverage distance, and link budget.• Section 7   Installing UnisonThis section contains installation procedures, requirements, safety precautions, and checklists. The installation procedures include guidelines for troubleshooting using the LEDs as you install the units.• Section 8   Replacing Unison ComponentsThis section provides installation procedures and considerations when you are replacing a Unison component in an operating system.• Section 9  Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical AssistanceThis section contains contact information and troubleshooting tables.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 1-3D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALConventions in this Manual• Appendix A  Cables and ConnectorsThis appendix contains connector and cable descriptions and requirements, as well as cable pin outs and diagrams.Appendix B ComplianceThis appendix lists safety and Radio/EMC approvals.• Appendix C Changes and New Capabilities1This appendix contains a hardware/firmware/software compatibility.• Appendix D GlossaryThe Glossary provides definitions of commonly-used RF and wireless networking terms.1.3 Conventions in this ManualTable 1-1lists the type style conventions used in this manual.Table 1-1 Type Style ConventionsMeasurements are listed first in metric units, followed by U.S. Customary System of units in parentheses. For example:0° to 45°C (32° to 113°F)The following symbols highlight certain information as described.NOTE: This format emphasizes text with special significance or impor-tance, and provides supplemental information.1. For Japan, refer to the separate addendum: Japan Specification DocumentConvention Descriptionbold Used for emphasisBOLD CAPS Labels on equipmentSMALL CAPS AdminManager window buttons
Acronyms in this Manual1-4 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev KCAUTION: This format is used when a given action or omitted action can cause or contribute to a hazardous condition. Damage to the equipment can occur.WARNING: This format is used when a given action or omitted action can result in catastrophic damage to the equipment or cause injury to the user.ProcedureThis format highlights a procedure.1.4 Acronyms in this ManualAcronym DefinitionAGC automatic gain controlALC automatic level controlAMPS Advanced Mobile Phone Service AWS Advanced Wireless ServicesBTS base transceiver stationCat-5/6 Category 5 or Category 6 (twisted pair cable)CDMA code division multiple accessCDPD cellular digital packet dataDAS distributed antenna systemdB decibeldBm decibels relative to 1 milliwattDC direct currentDCS Digital Communications SystemDL downlinkEDGE Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution EGSM Extended Global Standard for Mobile CommunicationsEH Expansion HubGHz gigahertzGPRS General Packet Radio Service
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 1-5D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALAcronyms in this ManualGSM Groupe Speciale Mobile (now translated in English as Global Standard for Mobile Communications)Hz hertzIF intermediate frequencyiDEN Integrated Digital Enhanced Network (Motorola variant of TDMA wireless)LAN local area networkLO local oscillatormA milliampsMBS microcellular base stationMH Main HubMHz megahertzMMF multi-mode fiberMTBF mean time between failuresNF noise figurenm nanometerOA&M operation, administration, and maintenancePCS Personal Communication ServicesPLL phase-locked loopPLS path loss slopePS Public SafetyRAU Remote Access UnitRF radio frequencyRSSI received signal strength indicatorSC/APC fiber optic connector complying with NTT SC standard, angle-polishedSMA sub-miniature A connector (coaxial cable connector type) SMF single-mode fiberST straight tip (fiber optic cable connector type)ScTP screened twisted pairTDMA time division multiple accessUL uplink; Underwriters LaboratoriesuW microwattsUMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications SystemUPS uninterruptable power supplyWwattWCDMA wideband code division multiple accessAcronym Definition
Standards Conformance1-6 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev K1.5 Standards Conformance• Utilizes the TIA/EIA 568-A Ethernet cabling standards for ease of installation.• Refer to Appendix B for compliance information.1.6 Related Publications• AdminManager User Manual, LGC Wireless part number 8810-10•OpsConsole User Manual; LGC Wireless part number 8800-10•MetroReach Focus Configuration, Installation, and Reference Manual; LGC Wireless part number 8500-10•LGCell Version 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual; LGC Wireless part number 8100-50•Neutral Host System Planning Guide; LGC Wireless part number 9000-10•Unison Release 5.1 Field Note, LGC Wireless FN03-007 (formerly, FN-024)•Unison Release 5.4 Field Note, LGC Wireless FN04-002 •Unison Release 5.5 Field Note, LGC Wireless FN04-004•Unison Release 5.6 Field Note, LGC Wireless FN05-001•Cat-5/5E/6 Cabling Requirements for Unison Family Field Note, LGC Wireless FN04-001.
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual 2-1D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALSECTION 2 InterReach Unison System DescriptionInterReach Unison is an intelligent fiber optic/Cat-5/5E/6 wireless networking system designed to handle both wireless voice and data communications and provide high-quality, ubiquitous, seamless access to the wireless network in any public or pri-vate facility, including:• Campus environments• Airports• Office buildings• Shopping malls• Hospitals• Subways• Public facilities (convention centers, sports venues, and so on.)Unlike other wireless distribution alternatives, Unison is an intelligent, active system, using microprocessors to enable key capabilities such as software-selectable band set-tings, automatic gain control, ability to incrementally adjust downlink/uplink gain, end-to-end alarming of all components and the associated cable infrastructure, and a host of additional capabilities.The Unison system supports major wireless standards and air interface protocols in use around the world, including:• Frequencies: 700 MHz, 800 MHz, 900 MHz, 1700 MHz, 1800 MHz, 1900 MHz, 2100 MHz• Voice Protocols: AMPS, TDMA, CDMA, GSM, iDEN,• Data Protocols: CDPD, EDGE, GPRS, WCDMA, CDMA2000, 1xRTT, EV-DO,and Paging
2-2 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev KKey System Features•Superior RF performance, particularly in the areas of IP3 and noise figure.•High downlink composite power and low uplink noise figure for support of a large number of channels and larger coverage footprint per antenna.•Software configurable Main and Expansion Hubs. Thus, the frequency band can be configured in the field.•Either single-mode or multi-mode fiber can be used, supporting flexible cabling alternatives (in addition to standard Cat-5, Cat-5E, or Cat-6 screened twisted pair [ScTP]). You can select the cabling type to meet the resident cabling infrastructure of the facility and unique building topologies.•Extended system “reach.” Using single-mode fiber, fiber runs can be as long as 6 kilometers (creating a total system “wingspan” of 12 kilometers). Alternately, with multi-mode fiber, fiber runs can be as long as 1.5 kilometers. The Cat-5/5E/6 ScTP cable run can be up to 100 meters recommended maximum, or up to 170 meters when using a Cat-5 Extender.•Flexible RF configuration capabilities, including:• System gain:– Ability to manually set gain in 1 dB steps, from 0 to 15 dB, on both down-link and uplink.•RAU:– RAU uplink and downlink gain can be independently attenuated 10 dB.– Uplink level control protects the system from input overload and can be optimized for either a single operator or multiple operators/protocols.– VSWR check on RAU reports if there is a disconnected antenna (all RAUs except UMTS-1).•Firmware Updates are downloaded (either locally or remotely) to operating sys-tems when any modifications are made to the product, including the addition of new software capabilities/services.•Extensive OA&M capabilities, including fault isolation to the field replaceable unit, automatic reporting of all fault and warning conditions, and user-friendly graphical-user interface OA&M software packages.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 2-3D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALSystem Hardware2.1 System HardwareThe InterReach Unison system consists of three modular components:• 19" rack-mountable Main Hub (connects to up to 4 Expansion Hubs)• RF signal conversion to optical on the downlink; optical to RF on the uplink• Microprocessor controlled (for alarms, monitoring, and control)• Software configurable band• Simplex interface to RF source• System master – periodically polls all downstream units (Expansion Hubs/RAUs) for system status, and automatically reports any fault or warning conditions• 19" rack-mountable Expansion Hub (connects to up to 8 Remote Access Units)• Optical signal conversion to electrical on the downlink; electrical to optical on the uplink• Microprocessor controlled (for alarms, monitoring, and control)• Software configurable band (based on command from Main Hub)• Supplies DC power to RAU•Remote Access Unit (RAU)• Electrical signal conversion to RF on the downlink; RF to electrical on the uplink• Microprocessor controlled (for alarms, monitoring, and control)• Protocol/band specific unitsThe minimum configuration of a Unison system is one Main Hub, one Expansion Hub, and one RAU (1-1-1). The maximum configuration of a system is one Main Hub, four Expansion Hubs, and 32 RAUs (1-4-32). You can combine multiple sys-tems to provide larger configurations.Figure 2-1 Unison System Hardware
System OA&M Capabilities2-4 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev K2.2 System OA&M CapabilitiesThe InterReach Unison is microprocessor controlled and contains firmware which enables much of the OA&M functionality.Complete alarming, down to the field replaceable unit (that is, Main Hub, Expansion Hub, Remote Access Unit) and the cabling infrastructure, is available. All events occurring in a system, defined as a Main Hub and all of its associated Expansion Hubs and Remote Access Units, are automatically reported to the Main Hub. The Main Hub monitors system status and communicates that status using the following methods:• Normally closed (NC) or normally open (NO) alarm contacts can be tied to stan-dard alarm monitoring systems or directly to a base station for alarm monitoring.• The Main Hub’s front panel serial port connects directly to a PC (for local access) or to a modem (for remote access).Figure 2-2 OA&M CommunicationsPSTNRS-232RS-232 EthernetPC/LaptoprunningModemMain HubModemMain HubRS-232ENET/232ConverterCat-5/6RS-232SC/APCMain HubSC/APCRJ-45Expansion HubRJ-45Remote Access UnitFiberMain HubAdminManageror OpsConsoleUse AdminManager to configureUse OpsConsole to monitorand receive communications fromremote or local Unison systems.or monitor a local Unison system.Remotely, AdminManager can onlycheck system status. It cannotreceive modem calls.TCP/IP
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 2-5D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALSystem OA&M CapabilitiesLGC Wireless offers two OA&M packages: AdminManager and OpsConsole. Both run on a PC/laptop.• AdminManager communicates with one Main Hub, and its downstream units, at a time. Using AdminManager connected locally or remotely, you can configure a newly installed system, change system parameters, perform an end-to-end system test, or query system status.Refer to the AdminManager User Manual (PN 8810-10) for information about installing and using the AdminManager software.• OpsConsole lets you manage, monitor, and maintain multiple sites and systems from a centralized remote location. This software is described in the OpsConsole User Guide (PN 8800-10).Table 2-1 lists the functional differences between AdminManager and OpsConsole.Table 2-1 AdminManager and OpsConsole Functional DifferencesFeature AdminManager OpsConsoleInstallation Wizard Yes NoLocal System Configuration Yes YesRemote System Configuration Yes YesLocal Firmware Updating Yes NoSave unit information in a database No YesNetwork view of installed systems Yes YesSend dispatch message No YesMonitor multiple units No YesScheduled polling No YesWindows-based GUI application Yes YesRuns on Windows 98 SE Yes NoRuns on Windows 2000 Yes YesInstallation and configuration tool Yes NoOperation, Administration, and Management tool No Yes
System OA&M Capabilities2-6 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev KTable 2-2 lists connectivity differences between AdminManager and OpsConsole.Table 2-2 AdminManager and OpsConsole Connectivity DifferencesConnectivity AdminManager OpsConsoleDirect RS-232 Yes (COM1 through COM16) YesRS-232 Expansion Board Yes, if the expansion port is in the range of COM1 through COM16YesModem (including RF modem) Yes YesEthernet/232 serial hub Yes, if the remote COM port is in the range of COM1 through COM16YesLine Sharing Switch after POTS Yes Yes
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 2-7D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALSystem OA&M Capabilities2.2.1 OA&M Software2.2.1.1 Configuring, Maintaining, and Monitoring Unison LocallyEach Main Hub, Expansion Hub, and RAU in the system constantly monitors itself and its downstream units for internal fault and warning conditions. The results of this monitoring are stored in memory and compared against new results.The Expansion Hubs monitor their RAUs and store their status in memory. The Main Hub monitors its Expansion Hubs and stores their status and the status of the RAUs in its memory. When a unit detects a change in status, a fault or warning is reported. Faults are indicated locally by red status LEDs, and both faults and warnings are reported to the Main Hub and displayed on a PC/laptop, using the Main Hub’s serial port, that is running the AdminManager software. Passive antennas connected to the RAUs are not monitored automatically. Perform the System Test in order to retrieve status information about antennas.Using AdminManager locally, you can install a new system or new components, change system parameters, and query system status. Figure 2-3 illustrates how the system reports its status to AdminManager.Figure 2-3 Local System Monitoring and Reporting MainHubExpansionHubThe Main Hub checks its own status and queries each Expansion Hub for its status, which includes RAU status.The Expansion Hub queries its own status and polls each RAU for its status.Each RAU passes its status to the Expansion Hub.• If a fault is detected, the ALARM LED is red. If no fault is detected, the LED is green.The Expansion Hub queries status of each RAU and compares it to previously stored status.• If a fault is detected, LEDs on the front panel turn red.The Main Hub queries status of each Expansion Hub and each RAU and compares it to previously stored status.• If a fault is detected, LEDs on the front panel turn red.PC/LaptoprunningAdminManagerUse AdminMan-ager to query units for their status or to get current fault or warning conditions.RAURAU
System OA&M Capabilities2-8 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev K2.2.1.2 Monitoring and Maintaining Unison Remotely• Using AdminManager RemotelyYou can use AdminManager remotely to call into the Main Hub and query current status, change parameters, or command system end-to-end test. You cannot use AdminManager to continuously monitor system state changes.•Using OpsConsole RemotelyWhen monitoring the system remotely, any change of state within the system causes the Main Hub to initiate an automatic call-out and report the system status to the OpsConsole. The Main Hub calls out three times, each with a 45 second interval. If the call is not acknowledged in these three tries, the Main Hub waits 15 minutes and continues the above sequence until the call is acknowledged.Refer to the OpsConsole User Manual (PN 8800-10) for more information about using OpsConsole for remote system monitoring.Figure 2-4 illustrates how the system reports its status to AdminManager and the OpsConsole.Figure 2-4 Remote System Monitoring and ReportingExpansionHubThe Expansion Hub queries its own status and polls each RAU for its status.Each RAU passes its status to the Expansion Hub.• If a fault is detected, the ALARM LED lights red. If no fault is detected, the LED is green.The Expansion Hub queries status of each RAU and com-pares it to previously stored status.• If a fault is detected, LEDs on the front panel turn red.The Main Hub queries status of each Expansion Hub and each RAU and compares it to previously stored status.• If a fault is detected, LEDs on the front panel turn red.Use OpsConsole to com-municate with one or more remotely or locally installed systems.If a fault or warning condi-tion is reported, the OpsConsole graphical user interface indicates the problem. OpsConsole can also send an e-mail and/or page notification to desig-nated recipients.RAURAUModemModemMainHubPCrunningOpsConsoleThe Main Hub checks its own status and queries each Expansion Hub for its status, which includes RAU status.PSTN
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 2-9D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALSystem OA&M Capabilities2.2.2 Using Alarm ContactsYou can connect the DB-9 female connector on the rear panel of the Main Hub to a local base station or to a daisy-chained series of Unison, LGCell, and/or MetroReach Focus systems.• When you connect MetroReach Focus or a BTS to Unison, the Unison Main Hub is the output of the alarms (alarm source) and MetroReach Focus or the BTS is the input (alarm sense). This is described in Section 7.7.1 on page 7-43. The following figure shows using MetroReach Focus as the input of Unison contact closures.Figure 2-5 Alarm Source• When you connect LGCell to Unison, the Unison Main Hub is the input of the alarms (alarm sense) and LGCell is the output (alarm source). This is described in Section 7.7.2 on page 7-46Unison Main HubRF OUTDOWNLINK RF INUPLINKFIBERUPLINKDOWNLINKALARMRS-232CMetroReachFocusRFMAlarmSenseAlarmSourceAlarmSource5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable9-pin Adapter
System OA&M Capabilities2-10 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev KFigure 2-6 Alarm Sense.Up to 5 LGCell Main HubsUnison Main HubAlarmSense AlarmSourceAlarmSourceAlarm SenseAdapter Cable5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 2-11D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALSystem Connectivity2.3 System ConnectivityThe double star architecture of the Unison system, illustrated in Figure 2-7, provides excellent system scalability and reliability. The system requires only one pair of fibers for eight antenna points. This makes any system expansion, such as adding an extra antenna for additional coverage, potentially as easy as pulling an extra twisted pair.Figure 2-7 Unison’s Double Star ArchitectureMain HubRS-232PORT 1 PORT 2 PORT 3 PORT 4Expansion Hub Expansion HubFiberExpansion HubExpansion HubCat-5/5E/6Cat-5/5E/6 Cat-5/5E/6up to 8 RAUs per Expansion HubRAU RAU RAU
System Operation2-12 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev K2.4 System OperationFigure 2-8 Downlink (Base Station to Wireless Devices)Figure 2-9 Uplink (Wireless Devices to Base Station)Main HubRAUThe Main Hub receives downlink RF signals from a base station using coaxial cable.The Main Hub converts the RF signals to IF, then to optical signals and sends them to Expansion Hubs (up to four) using optical fiber cable.The Expansion Hub converts the optical sig-nals to electrical signals and sends them to RAUs (up to eight) using Cat-5/5E/6 ScTP The RAU converts the IF signals to RF and sends them to passive antennas using coaxial cable.Expansion HubMain HubRAUThe Main Hub sends uplink RF signals to a base station via coaxial cable.The Main Hub receives the optical signals from the Expansion Hubs (up to four) via optical fiber cable and converts them to RF signals.The Expansion Hub receives the IF signals from the RAUs (up to eight) via Cat-5/5E/6 ScTP cable and con-verts them to optical The RAU receives uplink RF signals from the passive antenna via coaxial cable and converts them to IF signals.Expansion Hub
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 2-13D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALSystem Specifications2.5 System SpecificationsTable 2-3 System SpecificationsParameter Main Hub Expansion Hub Remote Access UnitRF Connectors 2 N-type, female 8 shielded RJ-45, female (Cat-5/5E/6) 1 shielded RJ-45, female (Cat-5/5E/6)1 SMA, male (coaxial)External Alarm Con-nector (contact closure)1 9-pin D-sub, female 1 9-pin D-sub, female (UNS-EH-2 only) —Serial Interface Con-nector 1 RS-232 9-pin D-sub, male — —Fiber Connectors* 4 Pair, SC/APC 1 Pair, SC/APC —LED Alarm and Status Indicators Unit Status (1 pair):•Power• Main Hub StatusDownstream Unit Status (1 pair per fiber port):•Link• E-Hub/RAUUnit Status (1 pair):•Power• E-Hub StatusFiber Link Status (1 pair):•DL Status•UL StatusRAU/Link Status(1 pair per RJ-45 port):•Link•RAUUnit Status (1 pair):•Link•AlarmAC Power (Volts)** Rating: 100–240V, 0.5A, 50–60 HzOperating Range: 85–250V, 2.4–0.8A, 47–63 HzRating: 115/230V, 5/2.5A, 50–60 HzOperating Range: 90–132V/170–250V auto-ranging, 2.2–1.5A/1.2–0.8A, 47–63 Hz—DC Power (Volts) — — 36V (from the Expansion Hub)Power Consumption (W)** 30 4 RAUs: 120 typ/148 max4 RAUs & 4 Extenders: 137 typ/172 max8 RAUs: 170 typ/212 max8 RAUs & 8 Extenders:204 typ/260 max16 max (from Expansion Hub)Enclosure Dimensions†(height × width × depth)44.5 mm × 438 mm × 305 mm(1.75 in. × 17.25 in. × 12 in.)I U89 mm × 438 mm × 305 mm(3.5 in. × 17.25 in. × 12 in.)2 U44 mm × 305 mm × 158 mm(1.7 in. × 12 in. × 6.2 in.)Weight < 3 kg (< 6.5 lb) < 5 kg (< 11 lb) < 1 kg (< 2 lb)MTBF 106,272 hours 92,820 hours 282,207 hours
System Specifications2-14 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev K2.5.1 InterReach Unison Wavelength and Laser PowerTable 2-4 shows wavelength and laser power according to UL testing per IEC 60 825-1.Table 2-4 InterReach Unison Wavelength and Laser Power2.5.2 Environmental SpecificationsTable 2-5 Environmental Specifications*It is critical to system performance that only SC/APC fiber connectors are used throughout the fiber network, including fiber distribution panels.** For Japan, see separate addendum – Japan Specification Document.†Excluding angle-brackets for 19'' rack mounting of hubs.Note: Expansion Hub typical power consumption assumes that the Cat-5/6 cable length is no more than 100 meters without a Cat-5 Extender and no more than 170 meters with a Cat-5 Extender.WavelengthMeasured Output PowerMain Hub Expansion Hub1310 nm ±20 nm 458 uW 1.8 mWParameter Main Hub and Expansion Hub RAUOperating Temperature  0° to +45°C (+32° to +113°F) –25° to +45°C (–13° to +113°F)Non-operating Temperature  –20° to +85°C (–4° to +185°F) –25° to +85°C (–13° to +185°F)Operating Humidity; non-condensing  5% to 95% 5% to 95%
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 2-15D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALSystem Specifications2.5.3 Operating FrequenciesTable 2-6 Operating FrequenciesFreq.Band UnisonBand DescriptionRF PassbandDownlink (MHz)  Uplink (MHz)PCS PCS6 A, D & B Band(35 MHz)1930–1965 1850–1885PCS PCS7 D,B,E & F Band(30 MHz)1945–1975 1865–1895PCS PCS8 E, F & C Band(25 MHz)1965–1990 1885–1910PCS PCS9 A4/A5/D/B/E 1935-1970 1855-1890PCS PCS10 A5/D/B/E/F 1940-1975 1860-1895PCS PCS11 D/B/E/F/C2 1945-1982.5 1865-1902.5PCS PCS12 B4/B5/E/F/C 1955-1990 1875-1910DCS DCS1 DCS1 Band 1805–1842.5 1710–1747.5DCS DCS2 DCS2 Band 1842.5–1880 1747.5–1785DCS DCS4 DCS4 Band 1815–1850 1720–1755Cellular CELL – 869–894 824–849iDEN iDEN – 851–869 806–824UMTS UMTS1 – 2110–2145 1920–1955UMTS UMTS2 – 2125–2160 1935–1970UMTS UMTS3 – 2135–2170 1945–1980UMTS UMTS1 Japan 2110–2130 1920–1940UMTS UMTS2 Japan 2130–2150 1940–1960UMTS UMTS 3 Japan 2150–2170 1960–1980AWS AWS1 – 2110-2145 1710-1745AWS AWS2 – 2120-2155 1720-1755PS 700 PS700 – 763-776 793-806
System Specifications2-16 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev K2.5.4 RF End-to-End PerformanceTable 2-7 through Table 2-12 list the RF end-to-end performance of each protocol when using 2 km of single-mode fiber or 1 km of multi-mode fiber.Cellular 800 MHziDEN 800 MHzTable 2-7 Cellular RF End-to-End PerformanceParameter2 km of SMF 1 km of MMFTypical TypicalDownlink Uplink Downlink UplinkAverage gain with 75 m Cat-5/5E/6 at 25°C (77°F)**The system gain is adjustable in 1 dB steps from 0 to 15 dB, and the gain of each RAU can be attenuated 10 dB in one step.15 dB 15 dB 15 dB 15 dBRipple with 75 m Cat-5/5E/6  3 dB 3.5 dB 3 dB 3.5 dBOutput IP3 40 dBm 37 dBmInput IP3 –7 dBm –10 dBmOutput 1 dB Compression Point 27 dBm 27 dBmNoise Figure with 1 MH – 1 EH – 8 RAUs configuration 15 dB 15 dBNoise Figure with 1 MH – 4 EHs – 32 RAUs configuration 21 dB 21 dBTable 2-8 iDEN RF End-to-End PerformanceParameter2 km of SMF 1 km of MMFTypical TypicalDownlink Uplink Downlink UplinkAverage gain with 75 m Cat-5/5E/6 at 25°C (77°F)**The system gain is adjustable in 1 dB steps from 0 to 15 dB, and the gain of each RAU can be attenuated 10 dB in one step.15 dB 15 dB 15 dB 15 dBRipple with 75 m Cat-5/5E/6  2 dB 3 dB 2 dB 3 dBOutput IP3  38 dBm 38 dBmInput IP3  –7 dBm –10 dBmOutput 1 dB Compression Point 26 dBm 26 dBmNoise Figure with 1 MH – 1 EH – 8 RAUs configuration 17 dB 17 dBNoise Figure with 1 MH – 4 EHs – 32 RAUs configuration 23 dB 23 dB
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 2-17D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALSystem SpecificationsGSM/EGSM 900 MHzDCS 1800 MHzTable 2-9 GSM/EGSM RF End-to-End PerformanceParameter2 km of SMF 1 km of MMFTypical TypicalDownlink Uplink Downlink UplinkAverage gain with 75 m Cat-5/5E/6 at 25°C (77°F)**The system gain is adjustable in 1 dB steps from 0 to 15 dB, and the gain of each RAU can be attenuated 10 dB in one step.15 dB 15 dB 15 dB 15 dBRipple with 75 m Cat-5/5E/6 3 dB 4 dB 3 dB 4 dBOutput IP3 38 dBm 38 dBmInput IP3 –7 dBm –10 dBmOutput 1 dB Compression Point 26 dBm 26 dBmNoise Figure with 1 MH – 1 EH – 8 RAU configuration 16 dB 16 dBNoise Figure with 1 MH – 4 EH – 32 RAU configuration 22 dB 22 dBTable 2-10 DCS RF End-to-End PerformanceParameter2 km of SMF 1 km of MMFTypical TypicalDownlink Uplink Downlink UplinkAverage gain with 75 m Cat-5/5E/6 at 25°C (77°F)**The system gain is adjustable in 1 dB steps from 0 to 15 dB, and the gain of each RAU can be attenuated 10 dB in one step. UNS-UMTS-2 has a 1 dB attenuator in the RAU.15 dB 15 dB 15 dB 15 dBDownlink ripple with 75 m Cat-5/5E/6 2 dB 2 dBUplink ripple for center 35 MHz of DCS1 and DCS2, Full band for DCS3 & DCS4 with 75 m Cat-5/5E/6 2 dB 2 dBUplink gain roll off for Full band of DCS1 and DCS2 with 75  m Cat-5/5E/6 2 dB 2 dBOutput IP3 38 dBm 37 dBmInput IP3 –12 dBm –14 dBmOutput 1 dB Compression Point 26 dBm 26 dBmNoise Figure with 1 MH – 1 EH – 8 RAU configuration 17 dB 17 dBNoise Figure with 1 MH – 4 EH – 32 RAU configuration 23 dB 23 dB
System Specifications2-18 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev KPCS 1900 MHzUMTS 2.1 GHzTable 2-11 PCS RF End-to-End PerformanceParameter2 km of SMF 1 km of MMFTypical TypicalDownlink Uplink Downlink UplinkAverage gain with 75 m Cat-5/5E/6 at 25°C (77°F)**The system gain is adjustable in 1 dB steps from 0 to 15 dB, and the gain of each RAU can be attenuated 10 dB in one step.15 dB 15 dB 15 dB 15 dBRipple with 75 m Cat-5/5E/6 2.5 dB 3 dB 2.5 dB 3 dBOutput IP3 38 dBm 36.5 dBmInput IP3 –12 dBm –14 dBmOutput 1 dB Compression Point 26 dBm 26 dBmNoise Figure with 1 MH – 1 EH – 8 RAUs configuration 16 dB 16 dBNoise Figure with 1 MH – 4 EHs – 32 RAUs configuration 22 dB 22 dBTable 2-12 UMTS RF End-to-End Performance**Parameter2 km of SMF 1 km of MMFTypical TypicalDownlink Uplink Downlink UplinkAverage gain with 75 m Cat-5/5E/6 at 25°C (77°F) **The system gain is adjustable in 1 dB steps from 0 to 15 dB, and the gain of each RAU can be attenuated 10 dB in one step.** For Japan, see separate addendum – Japan Specification Document.15 dB 15 dB 15 dB 15 dBRipple with 75 m Cat-5/5E/6  2.5 dB 4 dB 2.5 dB 4 dBOutput IP3 37 dBm 36 dBmInput IP3 –12 dBm –12 dBmOutput 1 dB Compression Point 26 dBm 26 dBmNoise Figure with 1 MH – 1 EH – 8 RAUs configuration 16 dB 16 dBNoise Figure with 1 MH – 4 EHs – 32 RAUs configuration 22 dB 22 dB
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 2-19D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALSystem SpecificationsAWS 1.7/2.1 GHzPublic Safety 700 MHzTable 2-13 AWS RF End-to-End PerformanceParameter2 km of SMF 1 km of MMFTypical TypicalDownlink Uplink Downlink UplinkAverage gain with 75 m Cat-5/5E/6 at 25°C (77°F) **The system gain is adjustable in 1 dB steps from 0 to 15 dB, and the gain of each RAU can be attenuated 10 dB in one step.15 dB 15 dB 15 dB 15 dBRipple with 75 m Cat-5/5E/6  2 dB 2 dB 2 dB 2 dBOutput IP3 38 dBm 36 dBmInput IP3 –12 dBm –14 dBmOutput 1 dB Compression Point 26 dBm 26 dBmNoise Figure with 1 MH – 1 EH – 8 RAUs configuration 17 dB 17 dBNoise Figure with 1 MH – 4 EHs – 32 RAUs configuration 23 dB 23 dBTable 2-14 Public Safety 700 MHz RF End-to-End PerformanceParameter2 km of SMF 1 km of MMFTypical TypicalDownlink Uplink Downlink UplinkAverage gain with 75 m Cat-5/5E/6 at 25°C (77°F) **The system gain is adjustable in 1 dB steps from 0 to 15 dB, and the gain of each RAU can be attenuated 10 dB in one step.15 dB 15 dB 15 dB 15 dBRipple with 75 m Cat-5/5E/6  2 dB 3 dB 2 dB 3 dBOutput IP3 38 dBm 36 dBmInput IP3 –7 dBm –10 dBmOutput 1 dB Compression Point 26 dBm 26 dBmNoise Figure with 1 MH – 1 EH – 8 RAUs configuration 16 dB 16 dBNoise Figure with 1 MH – 4 EHs – 32 RAUs configuration 22 dB 22 dB
System Specifications2-20 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev K
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual 3-1D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALSECTION 3 Unison Main HubThe Main Hub distributes downlink RF signals from a base station, repeater, or MetroReach Focus system to up to four Expansion Hubs, which in turn distribute the signals to up to 32 Remote Access Units. The Main Hub also combines uplink signals from the associated Expansion Hubs.Figure 3-1 Main Hub in a Unison SystemFigure 3-2 shows a detailed view of the major RF and optical functional blocks of the Main Hub.Figure 3-2 Main Hub Block DiagramUnison Main Hub Unison Expansion Hub RAUDownlink Path: The Main Hub receives downlink RF signals from a base station, repeater, or MetroReach Focus system via coaxial cable. It converts the signals to IF then to optical and sends them to up to four Expansion Hubs via fiber optic cable.The Main Hub also sends OA&M communication to the Expansion Hubs via the fiber optic cable. The Expansion Hubs, in turn, communicate the OA&M information to the RAUs via Cat-5/5E/6 cable.Uplink Path: The Main Hub receives uplink optical signals from up to four Expansion Hubs via fiber optic cables. It converts the signals to IF then to RF and sends them to a base station, repeater, or MetroReach Focus system via coaxial cable.The Main Hub also receives status information from the Expansion Hubs and all RAUs via the fiber optic cable.Downlink to Main HubUplink from Main HubDownlink from Main HubUplink to Main Hub
Main Hub Front Panel3-2 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev K3.1 Main Hub Front PanelFigure 3-3 Main Hub Front Panel1. Four fiber optic ports (labeled PORT 1, PORT 2, PORT 3, PORT 4)• One standard female SC/APC connector per port for MMF/SMF input (labeled UPLINK)• One standard female SC/APC connector per port for MMF/SMF output (labeled DOWNLINK)2. Four sets of fiber port LEDs (one set per port)• One LED per port for port link status (labeled LINK)• One LED per port for downstream unit status (labeled E-HUB/RAU)3. One set of unit status LEDs• One LED for unit power status (labeled POWER)• One LED for unit status (labeled MAIN HUB STATUS)4. One 9-pin D-sub male connector for system communication and diagnostics using a PC/laptop or modem (labeled RS-232)1234
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 3-3D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALMain Hub Front Panel3.1.1 Optical Fiber Uplink/Downlink PortsThe optical fiber uplink/downlink ports transmit and receive optical signals between the Main Hub and up to four Expansion Hubs using industry-standard SMF or MMF cable. There are four fiber ports on the front panel of the Main Hub; one port per Expansion Hub. Each fiber port has two female SC/APC connectors:• Optical Fiber Uplink ConnectorThis connector (labeled UPLINK) is used to receive the uplink optical signals from an Expansion Hub.• Optical Fiber Downlink ConnectorThis connector (labeled DOWNLINK) is used to transmit the downlink optical sig-nals to an Expansion Hub.CAUTION: To avoid damaging the Main Hub’s fiber connector ports, use only SC/APC fiber cable connectors when using either single-mode or multi-mode fiber. Additionally, it is critical to system performance that only SC/APC fiber connectors are used throughout the fiber network, includ-ing fiber distribution panels.3.1.2 Communications RS-232 Serial ConnectorRemote MonitoringUse a standard serial cable to connect a modem to the 9-pin D-sub male serial con-nector for remote monitoring or configuring. The cable typically has a DB-9 female and a DB-25 male connector. Refer to Appendix A.4 on page A-3 for the cable pinout.Local MonitoringUse a null modem cable to connect a laptop or PC to the 9-pin D-sub male serial con-nector for local monitoring or configuring. The cable typically has a DB-9 female connector on both ends. Refer to Appendix A.5 on page A-4 for the cable pinout.
Main Hub Front Panel3-4 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev K3.1.3 LED IndicatorsThe unit’s front panel LEDs indicate faults and commanded or fault lockouts. The LEDs do not indicate warnings or whether the system test has been performed. Only use the LEDs to provide basic information or as a backup when you are not using AdminManager.Upon power up, a Main Hub goes through a five-second test to check the LED lamps. During this time, the LEDs blink through the states shown in Table 3-2, letting you visually verify that the LED lamps and the firmware are functioning properly.Main Hubs ship without a band programmed into them. After the equipment is installed, cables connected, and powered up, an unprogrammed Main Hub LEDs dis-plays as follows:•MAIN HUB STATUS LED: Red•LINK LED: Green•E-HUB/RAU LED: RedIf the LEDs do not display as above, refer to Table 3-1 on page 3-5, Table 3-2 on page 3-6, and/or Section 9 for troubleshooting using the LEDs.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 3-5D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALMain Hub Front PanelUnit Status LEDsThe Main Hub status LEDs can be in one of the states shown in Table 3-1. These LEDs can be:steady greensteady redblinking green/red (alternating green/red)There is no off state when the unit’s power is on.NOTE: AdminManager or OpsConsole must be used for troubleshooting the system. Only use LEDs as backup or for confirmation. However, if there are communications problems within the system, the LEDs may provide additional information that is not available using AdminManager.lTable 3-1 Main Hub Status LED StatesLED State IndicatesGreenGreen• The Main Hub is connected to power and all power supplies are operat-ing.• The Main Hub is not reporting a fault; but the system test may need to be performed or a warning could exist (use AdminManager to deter-mine).GreenRed• The Main Hub is connected to power and all power supplies are operat-ing.• The Main Hub is reporting a fault or lockout condition, or the band is not programmed.GreenAlternating Green/Red• The Main Hub is connected to power and all power supplies are operat-ing.• The Main Hub input signal level is too high.RedRed• One or more power supplies in the hub are out-of-specification.POWERMAIN HUBSTATUSPOWERMAIN HUBSTATUSPOWERMAIN HUBSTATUSPOWERMAIN HUBSTATUS
Main Hub Front Panel3-6 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev KPort LEDsThe Main Hub has one pair of fiber port LEDs for each of the four fiber optic ports. The LED pairs can be in one of the states shown in Table 3-2. These LEDs can be:offsteady greensteady redThe port LEDs indicate the status of the Expansion Hub and RAUs; however, they do not indicate which particular unit has a fault (that is, the Expansion Hub vs. one of its RAUs).Table 3-2 Main Hub Port LED StatesLED State IndicatesOffOff • The Expansion Hub is not connected.GreenGreen • The Expansion Hub is connected, communications are normal.• There are no faults from Expansion Hub or any connected RAU.RedOff • There was a loss of communications with the Expansion Hub.• The Expansion Hub is disconnected.GreenRed • The Expansion Hub is connected.• A fault or lockout was reported by the Expansion Hub or any connected RAU.LINKE-HUB/RAULINKE-HUB/RAULINKE-HUB/RAULINKE-HUB/RAU
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 3-7D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALMain Hub Rear Panel3.2 Main Hub Rear PanelFigure 3-4 Main Hub Rear Panel1. Power On/Off switch2. AC power cord connector3. Fan exhaust vent4. One 9-pin D-sub female connector for alarm contact monitoring (labeled DIAGNOSTIC 1)5. Two N-type, female connectors:• Downlink (labeled DOWNLINK)• Uplink (labeled UPLINK)1 2 3 4 5
Main Hub Rear Panel3-8 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev K3.2.1 Main Hub Rear Panel Connectors3.2.1.1 9-pin D-sub ConnectorThe 9-pin D-sub connector (labeled DIAGNOSTIC 1) provides contacts for fault and warning system alarm monitoring.Table 3-3 lists the function of each pin on the 9-pin D-sub connector.Table 3-3 9-pin D-sub Connector FunctionsThis interface can both generate contact alarms and sense a single external alarm con-tact.3.2.1.2 N-type Female ConnectorsThere are two N-type female connectors on the rear panel of the Main Hub:• The DOWNLINK connector receives downlink RF signals from a repeater, local base station, or MetroReach Focus system.• The UPLINK connector transmits uplink RF signals to a repeater, local base sta-tion, or MetroReach Focus system.CAUTION:The UPLINK and DOWNLINK ports cannot handle a DC power feed from the base station. If DC power is present, a DC block must be used or the hub may be damaged.Pin Function1 Alarm Input Ground2 Reserved3 Reserved4 Warning Contact (positive connection)5 Warning Contact (negative connection)6 DC Ground (common)7 Fault Contact (positive connection)8 Alarm Input9 Fault Contact (negative connection)
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 3-9D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALMain Hub Specifications3.3 Main Hub SpecificationsTable 3-4 Main Hub SpecificationsSpecification** DescriptionEnclosure Dimensions (H × W × D):  44.5 mm × 438 mm × 305 mm (1.75 in. × 17.25 in. × 12 in.) 1 UWeight < 3 kg (< 6.5 lb)Operating Temperature** 0° to +45°C (+32° to +113°F)Non-operating Temperature** –20° to +85°C (–4° to +185°F)Operating Humidity, non-condensing 5% to 95%External Alarm Connector (contact closure) 1 9-pin D-sub, femaleMaximum: 40 mA @ 40V DCTypical: 4 mA @ 12V DCSerial Interface Connector 1 RS-232 9-pin D-sub, maleFiber Connectors 4 Pair, SC/APCaa.  It is critical to system performance that only SC/APC fiber connectors are used throughout the fiber network, including fiber distribution panels.** For Japan, refer to separate addendum - Japan Specification Document.RF Connectors 2 N-type, femaleLED Fault and Status Indicators Unit Status (1 pair):•Power• Main Hub StatusDownstream Unit/Link Status (1 pair per fiber port):•Link• E-Hub/RAUAC Power Rating: 100–240V, 0.5A, 50–60 HzOperating Range: 85–250V, 2.4–0.8A, 47–63 HzPower Consumption (W) 30MTBF 106,272 hours
Faults, Warnings, and Status Messages3-10 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev K3.4 Faults, Warnings, and Status Messages3.4.1 DescriptionThe Main Hub monitors and reports changes or events in system performance to:• Ensure that the fiber receivers, amplifiers, and IF/RF path in the Main Hub are functioning properly.• Ensure that Expansion Hubs and Remote Access Units are connected and function-ing properly.An event is classified as a fault, warning, or status message.• Faults are service impacting.• Warnings indicate a possible service impact.• Status messages are generally not service impacting.The Main Hub periodically queries attached Expansion Hubs and their Remote Access Units for their status. Both faults and warnings are reported to a connected PC/laptop running the AdminManager software or to the optional remote OpsCon-sole. Only faults are indicated by LEDs.For more information, refer to:• page 9-6 for Main Hub faults.• page 9-17 for Main Hub warnings.• page 9-22 for Main Hub status messages.• page 9-27 for troubleshooting Main Hub LEDs.3.4.2 View PreferenceAdminManager 2.04 or higher allows you to select what type of events to be dis-played.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 3-11D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALFaults, Warnings, and Status MessagesTo modify the setting, select View J Preference and select the desired choice. You can change the setting either while connected to a system or offline. If there is a con-nection to a system, after the you click OK, AdminManager refreshes and updates the tree view according to the new setting. Note that the setting is strictly visual and only in AdminManager. There is no affect on the hardware itself. The same setting is car-ried with AdminManager and applied to any hardware AdminManager is connected to. By default, event filtering is set to “Enable viewing of Faults only”.The only exception when the vent filtering is ignored is during the Install/Configure command. All events are displayed regardless of the event filtering setting. This ensures a smooth installation.
Faults, Warnings, and Status Messages3-12 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev KThis page is intentionally left blank.
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual 4-1D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALSECTION 4 Unison Expansion HubThe Expansion Hub interfaces between the Main Hub and the Remote Access Unit(s) by converting optical signals to electrical signals and vice versa. It also supplies con-trol signals and DC power to operate the Remote Access Unit(s) as well as passes sta-tus information from the RAUs to the Main Hub.Figure 4-1 Expansion Hub in a Unison SystemFigure 4-2 Expansion Hub Block DiagramUnison Expansion HubUnison Main Hub RAUDownlink Path: The Expansion Hub receives downlink optical signals from the Main Hub via fiber optic cable. It converts the signals to electrical and sends them to up to eight Remote Access Units (RAUs) via Cat-5/5E/6 cables.Also, the Expansion Hub receives configuration information from the Main Hub via the fiber optic cable and relays it to the RAUs via the Cat-5/5E/6 cable.Uplink Path: The Expansion Hub receives uplink IF signals from up to eight RAUs via Cat-5/5E/6 cables. It converts the signals to optical and sends them to a Main Hub via fiber optic cable.Also, the Expansion Hub receives RAU status information via the Cat-5/5E/6 cable and sends it and its own status informa-tion to the Main Hub via the fiber optic cable.Downlink to Expansion HubUplink from Expansion HubDownlink from Expansion HubUplink to Expansion HubFromMain HubTo RAU
Expansion Hub Front Panel4-2 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev K4.1 Expansion Hub Front PanelFigure 4-3 Expansion Hub Front Panel1. Eight standard Cat-5/5E/6 ScTP cable, RJ-45 shielded connectors (labeled PORT 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)2. Eight sets of RJ-45 port LEDs (one set per port)• One LED per port for link status (labeled LINK)• One LED per port for downstream unit status (labeled RAU)3. One set of unit status LEDs• One LED for unit power status (labeled POWER)• One LED for unit status (labeled E-HUB STATUS)4. One set of fiber connection status LEDs• One LED for fiber downlink status (labeled DL STATUS)• One LED for fiber uplink status (labeled UL STATUS)5. One fiber optic port which has two connectors• One standard female SC/APC connector for MMF/SMF output (labeled UPLINK)• One standard female SC/APC connector for MMF/SMF input (labeled DOWNLINK)1 2 3 4 5
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 4-3D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALExpansion Hub Front Panel4.1.1 RJ-45 ConnectorsThe eight RJ-45 connectors on the Expansion Hub are for the Cat-5/5E/6 ScTP cables used to transmit and receive signals to and from RAUs. Use shielded RJ-45 connec-tors on the Cat-5/5E/6 cable.NOTE: For system performance, it is important to use only Cat-5/5E/6 ScTP (screened twisted pair) cable with shielded RJ-45 connectors.Cat-5/5E/6 cable also delivers DC electrical power to the RAUs. The Expansion Hub’s DC voltage output is 36V DC nominal. A current limiting circuit protects the Expansion Hub if any port draws excessive power.4.1.2 Optical Fiber Uplink/Downlink ConnectorsThe optical fiber uplink/downlink port transmits and receives optical signals between the Expansion Hub and the Main Hub using industry-standard SMF or MMF cable. The fiber port has two female SC/APC connectors:• Optical Fiber Uplink ConnectorThis connector (labeled UPLINK) is used to transmit (output) uplink optical signals to the Main Hub.• Optical Fiber Downlink ConnectorThis connector (labeled DOWNLINK) is used to receive (input) downlink optical sig-nals from the Main Hub.CAUTION: To avoid damaging the Expansion Hub’s fiber connector ports, use only SC/APC fiber cable connectors. Additionally, use only SC/APC fiber connectors throughout the fiber network, including fiber distribution panels. This is critical for ensuring system performance.4.1.3 LED IndicatorsThe unit’s front panel LEDs indicate fault conditions and commanded or fault lockouts. The LEDs do not indicate warnings or whether the system test has been performed. Only use the LEDs to provide basic information or as a backup when you are not using AdminManager.Upon power up, the Expansion Hub goes through a five-second test to check the LED lamps. During this time, the LEDs blink through the states shown in Table 4-2, letting you visually verify that the LED lamps and the firmware are functioning properly.NOTE: Refer to Section 9 for troubleshooting using the LEDs.
Expansion Hub Front Panel4-4 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev KUnit Status and DL/UL Status LEDsThe Expansion Hub unit status and DL/UL status LEDs can be in one of the states shown in Table 4-1. These LEDs can be:steady greensteady redThere is no off state when the unit’s power is on.Table 4-1 Expansion Hub Unit Status and DL/UL Status LED StatesLED State IndicatesGreen / GreenGreen / Green• The Expansion Hub is connected to power and all power supplies are operating.• The Expansion Hub is not reporting a fault or lockout condition; but the system test may need to be performed or a warning condition could exist (use AdminManager to determine this).• Optical power in is above minimum (the Main Hub is connected) although the cable optical loss may be greater than recommended maximum.• Optical power out (uplink laser) is normal and communications with the Main Hub are normal.Green / GreenRed / Green• Optical power in is above minimum (the Main Hub is connected) although the cable optical loss may be greater than recommended maximum.• Optical power out (uplink laser) is normal and communications with the Main Hub are normal.• The Expansion Hub is reporting a fault or commanded lockout.Green / RedRed / Green• A fault condition was detected, optical power in is below minimum. (the Main Hub is not connected, is not powered, or the Main Hub’s downlink laser has failed, or the downlink fiber is disconnected or damaged.)Green / GreenRed / Red• The Expansion Hub is reporting a fault condition.• Optical power in is above minimum (Main Hub is connected) although the cable optical loss may be greater than recommended maximum.• Optical power out is below minimum (Expansion Hub uplink laser has failed; unable to communicate with Main Hub). UL STATUS LED state must be checked within the first 90 seconds after power on. If initially green, then red after 90 seconds, it means that there is no communication with the Main Hub. If red on power up, replace the Expansion Hub.Green / RedRed / Red• Optical power in is below minimum (the Main Hub is not connected, is not powered, or the Main Hub’s downlink laser has failed, or the downlink fiber is disconnected or damaged.)• Optical power out is below minimum (the Expansion Hub uplink laser has failed; is unable to communicate with the Main Hub). UL STATUS LED state must be checked within the first 90 seconds after power on. If initially green, then red after 90 seconds, it means that there is no communication with the Main Hub. If red on power up, the uplink laser has failed, replace the Expansion Hub.POWERE-HUB STATUS DL STATUSUL STATUSPOWERE-HUB STATUS DL STATUSUL STATUSPOWERE-HUB STATUS DL STATUSUL STATUSPOWERE-HUB STATUS DL STATUSUL STATUSPOWERE-HUB STATUS DL STATUSUL STATUS
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 4-5D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALExpansion Hub Front PanelPort LEDsThe Expansion Hub has one pair of port LEDs for each of the eight RJ-45 ports. The port LEDs can be in one of the states shown in Table 4-2. These LEDs can be:offsteady greensteady redGreen / RedGreen / Red• Expansion Hub is in factory test mode, return it to the factory.Red/ RedRed/ Red• One or more power supplies are out of specification. The hub needs to be replaced.Table 4-2 Expansion Hub Port LED StatesLED State IndicatesOffOff • The RAU is not connected.GreenGreen • The RAU is connected.• No faults from the RAU.RedOff • The RAU was disconnected.• The RAU is not communicating.• The RAU port power is tripped.• 36 VDC is shutdown due to an EH over-temperature condition.GreenRed • The RAU is connected.• The RAU is reporting a fault or lockout condition.Table 4-1 Expansion Hub Unit Status and DL/UL Status LED StatesLED State IndicatesPOWERE-HUB STATUS DL STATUSUL STATUSPOWERE-HUB STATUS DL STATUSUL STATUSLINKRAULINKRAULINKRAULINKRAU
Expansion Hub Rear Panel4-6 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev K4.2 Expansion Hub Rear PanelFigure 4-4 Expansion Hub Rear Panel1. Power on/off switch2. AC power cord connector3. Three air exhaust vents4. DB-9 connector (UNS-EH-2 specific)Table 4-3 DB-9 Pin ConnectorsThis interface can both generate contact alarms and sense a single external alarm con-tact.Pin Connection Signal Name1N/C N/A2 +5V through a 10K Ohm resistor. Input to micro controller ALARM33 +5V through a 10K Ohm resistor. Input to micro controller ALARM14 GND N/A5 +5V through a 10K Ohm resistor. Input to micro controller) ALARM26N/C N/A7N/C N/A8 GND N/A9 GND N/A1234
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 4-7D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALFaults, Warnings, and Status Messages4.3 Faults, Warnings, and Status MessagesThis interface monitors the output contact closures from a Universal Power Supply (UPS). Verify the output contact closure state (normally closed or normally open) of the UPS, and set the appropriate contact definition using AdminManager.• Faults are service impacting.• Warnings indicate a possible service impact.• Status messages are generally not service impacting.NOTE: You can select what type of events AdminManager displays. Refer to Section 3.4.2, “View Preference,” on page 3-10.Both fault and warning conditions of the Expansion Hub and attached RAUs are reported to the Main Hub. Only faults are indicated by LEDs.For more information, refer to:• page 9-10 for Expansion Hub faults.• page 9-20 for Expansion Hub warnings.• page 9-24 for Expansion Hub status messages.• page 9-30 for troubleshooting Expansion Hub LEDs.
Expansion Hub Specifications4-8 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev K4.4 Expansion Hub SpecificationsTable 4-4 Expansion Hub SpecificationsSpecification DescriptionEnclosure Dimensions (H × W × D) 89 mm × 438 mm × 305 mm (3.5 in. × 17.25 in. × 12 in.) 2UWeight < 5 kg (< 11 lb)Operating Temperaturec0° to +45°C (+32° to +113°F)Non-operating Temperaturec–20° to +85°C (–4° to +185°F)Operating Humidity, non-condensing 5% to 95%Cat-5/5E/6 Connectorsaa.   It is important that you use only Cat-5/5E/6 ScTP cable with shielded RJ-45 connectors.8 shielded RJ-45, female (Cat-5/6)Fiber Connectorsbb.  It is critical to system performance that only SC/APC fiber connectors are used throughout the fiber network, including fiber distribution panels.c.  For Japan, see separate addendum - Japan Specification Document.1 Pair, SC/APCLED Alarm and Status Indicators Unit Status (1 pair):•Power• E-Hub StatusFiber Link Status (1 pair):•DL Status•UL StatusRAU/Link Status (1 pair per RJ-45 port):•Link•RAUAC Power (Volts) (47–63 Hz) Rating: 115/230V, 5/2.5A, 50–60 HzOperating Range: 90–132V/170–250V auto-ranging, 2.2–1.5A/1.2–0.8A, 47–63 HzPower Consumption (W) 4 RAUs: 120 typical/148 max4 RAUs & 4 Extenders:  137 typical/172 max8 RAUs: 170 typical/212 max8 RAUs & 8 Extenders:  204 typical/260 maxMTBF 92,820 hours
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual 5-1D-620003-0-20 Rev K LGC CONFIDENTIALSECTION 5 Unison Remote Access UnitThe Remote Access Unit (RAU) is an active transceiver that connects to an Expan-sion Hub using industry-standard Cat-5/5E/6 screened twisted pair (ScTP) cable, which delivers RF signals, configuration information, and electrical power to the RAU.An RAU passes RF signals between an Expansion Hub and an attached passive antenna where the signals are transmitted to wireless devices.Figure 5-1 Remote Access Unit in a Unison SystemUnison Expansion Hub RAUDownlink Path: The RAU receives downlink IF signals from an Expansion Hub via Cat-5/5E/6 cable. It converts the sig-nals to RF and sends them to a passive RF antenna via coaxial cable.Also, the RAU receives configuration information from the Main Hub via the Cat-5/5E/6 cable.Uplink Path: The RAU receives uplink RF signals from a passive RF antenna via coaxial cable. It converts the signals to IF and sends them to an Expansion Hub via Cat-5/5E/6 cable.Also, the RAU sends its status information to the Expansion Hub via the Cat-5/5E/6 cable.Downlink to RAUUplink from RAUUnison Main Hub Downlink to antennaUplink from antenna
5-2 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev KFigure 5-2 Remote Access Unit Block DiagramAntenna
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 5-3D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALThe Unison RAUs are manufactured to a specific band or set of bands. Table 5-1 lists the Unison RAUs, the Unison Band, and the frequency band(s) they cover.** For Japan, see separate addendum - Japan’s Specification Document.Table 5-1 Frequency Bands covered by Unison RAUsUnison RAU Part Number UnisonBandRF PassbandDownlink (MHz)  Uplink (MHz)Cellular UNS-CELL-1 Cellular 869–894 824–849DCS UNS-DCS-1 DCS1 1805–1842.5 1710–1747.5DCS2 1842.5–1880 1747.5–1785DCS4 1815–1850 1720–1755GSM UNS-GSM-1 GSM 925–960 880–915iDEN UNS-IDEN-1 iDEN 851–869 806–824PCS UNS-PCS-2 PCS A,D,B 1930–1965 1850–1885PCS D,B,E,F 1945–1975 1865–1895PCS E,F,C 1965–1990 1885–1910PCS A4/A5/D/B/E 1935-1970 1655-1890PCS A5/D/B/E/F 1940-1975 1860-1895PCS D/B/E/F/C2 1945-1982.5 1865-1902.5PCS B4/B5/E/F/C 1955-1990 1875-1910UMTS UNS-UMTS-2 UMTS 1 2110–2145 1920–1955UMTS 2 2125–2160 1935–1970UMTS 3 2135–2170 1945–1980UNS-J1-UMTS** UMTS 1-Japan 2110–2130 1920–1940UMTS 2-Japan 2130–2150 1940–1960UMTS 3-Japan 2150–2170 1960–1980AWS UNS-AWS-1 AWS1 2110-2145 1710-1745AWS2 2120-2155 1720-1755PS UNS-PS70-1 PS700 763-776 793-806
Remote Access Unit Connectors5-4 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev K5.1 Remote Access Unit Connectors5.1.1 SMA ConnectorThe RAU has one female SMA connector. The connector is a duplexed RF input/out-put port that connects to a standard passive antenna using coaxial cable.5.1.2 RJ-45 ConnectorThe RAU has one RJ-45 connector that connects it to an Expansion Hub using Cat-5/5E/6 ScTP cable. Use shielded RJ-45 connectors on the Cat-5/5E/6 cable.NOTE: For system performance, use only Cat-5/5E/6 ScTP cable with shielded RJ-45 connectors.5.2 LED IndicatorsUpon power up, the RAU goes through a two-second test to check the LED lamps. During this time, the LEDs blink green/green red/red. This lets you visually verify that the LED lamps and the firmware are functioning properly.NOTE: Refer to Section 9 for troubleshooting using the LEDs.Status LEDsThe RAU status LEDs can be in one of the states shown in Table 5-2. These LEDs can be:offsteady greensteady redThere is no off state when the unit’s power is on.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 5-5D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALLED IndicatorsTable 5-2 Remote Access Unit LED StatesLED State IndicatesOffOff • The RAU is not receiving DC power.GreenGreen • The RAU is powered and is not indicating a fault condition. Communication with the Expansion Hub is normal; but the system test may need to be performed or a warning con-dition could exist (use AdminManager to determine).GreenRed • The RAU is indicating a fault or lockout condition, but communication with the Expansion Hub is normal.RedRed • The RAU is reporting a fault or lockout condition, and it is not able to communicate with the Expansion Hub.LINKALARMLINKALARMLINKALARMLINKALARM
Faults, Warnings, and Status Messages5-6 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev K5.3 Faults, Warnings, and Status MessagesAn event is classified as a fault, warning, or status message.• Faults are service impacting.• Warnings indicate a possible service impact.• Status messages are generally not service impacting.NOTE: You can select the type of events AdminManager displays. Refer to Section 3.4.2, “View Preference,” on page 3-10.Both fault and warning conditions are reported to the Expansion Hub where they are stored until the Main Hub queries the system status. Only faults are indicated by LEDs.For more information, refer to:• page 9-15 for RAU faults.• page 9-21 for RAU warnings.• page 9-26 for RAU status messages.5.4 Remote Access Unit SpecificationsTable 5-3 Remote Access Unit SpecificationsSpecification** DescriptionDimensions (H × W × D) 44 mm × 305 mm × 158 mm (1.7 in. × 12 in. × 6.2 in.)Weight < 1 kg (< 2 lb)Operating Temperature** –25° to +45°C (–13° to +113°F)Non-operating Temperature** –25° to +85°C (–13° to +185°F)Operating Humidity, non-condensing 5% to 95%RF Connectors 1 shielded RJ-45, female (Cat-5/6)a1 SMA, male (coaxial)a. For system performance, it is important that you use only Cat-5/5E/6 ScTP cable with shielded RJ-45 connectors.** For Japan, see separate addendum - Japan Specification Document.LED Alarm and Status Indicators Unit Status (1 pair): • Link • AlarmMaximum Heat Dissipation (W) 12.5 typical, 16 max (from Expansion Hub)MTBF 282,207 hours
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 5-7D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALRAUs in a Dual Band System5.5 RAUs in a Dual Band SystemA Dual Band Diplexer can be used to connect two RAUs, one that is below 1 GHz and one that is above 1 GHz, for output to a single passive antenna.Refer to the Dual Band Diplexer specifications (LGC PN: 8000-54) for technical information.An alternative to a diplexer is use dual-port, dual-band antennas shown in Table 5-3. Figure 5-3 Dual-Port Antenna ConfigurationUnisonRAUUnisonRAUDual BandDiplexerCat-5/6 from Expansion HubCat-5/6 from Expansion HubAntenna3 ft. coaxial cable3 ft. coaxial cableUnisonRAUUnisonRAUCat-5/5E/6 from Expansion HubCat-5/5E/6 from Expansion HubAntenna3 ft. coaxial cable3 ft. coaxial cable
RAUs in a Dual Band System5-8 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev K
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual 6-1D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALSECTION 6 Designing a Unison SolutionDesigning a Unison solution is a matter of determining coverage and capacity needs. This requires the following steps:1. Determine the wireless service provider’s requirements.This information is usually determined by the service provider:• Frequency (that is, 850 MHz)• Band (that is, “A” band in the Cellular spectrum)• Protocol (that is, TDMA, CDMA, GSM, iDEN)• Peak capacity requirement (this, and whether or not the building is split into sectors, determines the number of carriers that the system will have to transmit)• Design goal (RSSI, received signal strength at the wireless handset, that is, –85 dBm)The design goal is always a stronger signal than the cell phone needs. It includes inherent factors which affect performance (refer to Section 6.4.1 on page 6-24).• RF source (base station or BDA), type of equipment if possible2. Determine the power per carrier and input power from the base station or BDA into the Main Hub: refer to Section 6.1, “Maximum Output Power Per Carrier at RAU,” on page 6-3.The maximum power per carrier is a function of the number of RF carriers, the carrier headroom requirement, signal quality issues, regulatory emissions require-ments, and Unison’s RF performance. Typically, the power per carrier decreases as the number of carriers increases. 3. Determine the in-building environment: refer to Section 6.2, “Estimating RF Coverage,” on page 6-12.• Determine which areas of the building require coverage (entire building, public areas, parking levels, and so on.)• Obtain floor plans to determine floor space of building and the wall layout of the proposed areas to be covered. Floor plans are also useful when selecting antenna locations.
6-2 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev K• If possible, determine the building’s construction materials (sheetrock, metal, concrete, and so on.)• Determine type of environment– Open layout (for example, a convention center)– Dense, close walls (for example, a hospital)– Mixed use (for example, an office building with hard wall offices and cubi-cles)4. Develop an RF link budget: refer to Section 6.4, “Link Budget Analysis,” on page 6-24.Knowing the power per carrier, you can calculate an RF link budget. This is used to predict how much propagation loss can be allowed in the system, while still providing satisfactory performance throughout the area being covered. The link budget is a methodical way to derive a “design goal”. If the design goal is pro-vided in advance, the link budget is: allowable RF loss = maximum power per carrier – design goal.5. Determine the appropriate estimated path loss slope that corresponds to the type of building and its layout, and estimate the coverage distance for each RAU: refer to Section 6.2, “Estimating RF Coverage,” on page 6-12.The path loss slope (PLS), which gives a value to the RF propagation characteris-tics within the building, is used to convert the RF link budget into an estimate of the coverage distance per antenna. This helps establish the Unison equipment quantities needed. The actual path loss slope that corresponds to the specific RF environment inside the building can also be determined empirically by perform-ing an RF site-survey of the building. This involves transmitting a calibrated tone for a fixed antenna and making measurements with a mobile antenna throughout the area surrounding the transmitter.6. Determine the items required to connect to the base station: refer to Section 6.6, “Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station,” on page 6-37.Once you know the quantities of Unison equipment you will use, you can deter-mine the accessories (combiners/dividers, surge suppressors, repeaters, attenua-tors, circulators, and so on.) required to connect the system to the base station.The individual elements that must be considered in designing a Unison solution are explained in the following sections.NOTE: Access the LGC Wireless portal at LGCWireless.com for on-line dimensioning and design tools.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-3D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALMaximum Output Power Per Carrier at RAU6.1 Maximum Output Power Per Carrier at RAUThe following tables show the recommended maximum power per carrier out of the RAU SMA connector for different frequencies, formats, and numbers of carriers. These limits are dictated by RF signal quality and regulatory emissions issues. The maximum input power to the Main Hub is determined by subtracting the system gain from the maximum output power of the RAU. System gain is software selectable from 0 dB to 15 dB in 1 dB steps. Additionally, both the uplink and downlink of each RAU gain can be reduced by 10 dB.When you connect a Main Hub to a base station or repeater, the RF power per carrier usually needs to be attenuated in order to avoid exceeding Unison’s maximum output power recommendations.Refer to Section 6.7, “Designing for a Neutral Host System,” on page 6-44 when combining frequencies or protocols on a single Main Hub.WARNING: Exceeding the maximum input power could cause per-manent damage to the Main Hub. Do not exceed the maximum com-posite input power of 1W (+30 dBm) to the Main Hub at any time.NOTE: These specifications are for downlink power at the RAU output (excluding antenna).
Maximum Output Power Per Carrier at RAU6-4 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev K6.1.1 800 MHz CellularTable 6-1 Cellular Power per CarrierNo. ofCarriersPower per Carrier (dBm)AMPS2 km SMF/1 km MMFTDMA2 km SMF/1 km MMF GSM2 km SMF GSM1 km MMF EDGE2 km SMF EDGE1 km MMFCDMA2 km SMF/1 km MMF127.0 24.0 27.0 27.0 24.0 24.0 17.0221.0 19.0 14.5 12.5 14.5 12.5 14.0317.5 16.0 12.5 10.5 12.5 10.5 12.0414.5 14.0 11.5 9.5 11.5 9.5 11.0513.0 12.5 10.5 8.5 10.5 8.5 10.0611.5 11.5 9.5 7.5 9.5 7.5 9.0710.5 10.5 9.0 7.0 9.0 7.0 8.589.5 9.5 8.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.099.0 9.0 8.5 6.5 8.5 6.5108.0 8.5 8.0 6.0 8.0 6.0118.0 8.0 7.5 5.5 7.5 5.5127.5 7.5 7.5 5.5 7.0 5.5137.0 7.5 7.0 5.0 7.0 5.0146.5 7.0 7.0 5.0 6.5 5.0156.5 6.5 6.5 4.5 6.0 4.5166.0 6.5 6.5 4.5 6.0 4.5205.0 5.5 5.5 3.5 5.0 3.5303.0 3.5 4.0 2.0 3.0 2.5Note: Operation at or above these output power levels may prevent Unison from meeting RF performance specifications or FCC Part 15 and EN55022 emis-sions requirements. Refer to the Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference manual for system design information.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-5D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALMaximum Output Power Per Carrier at RAU6.1.2 800 MHz iDEN/SMRTable 6-2 iDEN/SMR Power per CarrierNo. ofCarriersPower per Carrier (dBm)iDEN2 km SMF/1 km MMFAnalog FM2 km SMF/1 km MMFCQPSK2 km SMF/1 km MMFC4FM2 km SMF/1 km MMFMotient Data TAC2 km SMF/1 km MMF110.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0210.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0310.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0410.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.059.0 10.0 10.0 10.068.0 10.0 9.5 10.077.0 9.5 9.0 9.086.5 8.5 8.0 8.596.0 8.0 7.5 7.5105.5 7.0 7.0 7.0Note: Operation at or above these output power levels may prevent Unison from meeting RF performance specifications or FCC Part 15 and EN55022 emis-sions requirements. Refer to the Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference manual for system design information.
Maximum Output Power Per Carrier at RAU6-6 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev K6.1.3 900 MHz GSM and EDGETable 6-3 GSM and EDGE Power per CarrierNo. ofCarriersPower per Carrier (dBm)GSM2 km SMF GSM1 km MMF EDGE2 km SMF EDGE1 km MMF116.0 16.0 16.0 16.02 13.0 12.0 13.0 12.03 11.0 10.0 11.0 10.04 10.0 9.0 10.0 9.05 9.0 8.0 9.0 8.06 8.0 7.0 8.0 7.07 7.5 6.5 7.5 6.58 7.0 6.0 7.0 6.09 6.5 5.5 6.5 5.510 6.0 5.5 6.0 5.511 5.5 5.0 5.5 5.012 5.0 4.5 5.0 4.513 5.0 4.5 5.0 4.514 4.5 4.0 4.5 4.015 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.016 4.0 3.5 4.0 3.5Note: Operation at or above these output power levels may prevent Unison from meeting RF performance specifications or FCC Part 15 and EN55022 emissions requirements. Refer to the Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference manual for system design informa-tion.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-7D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALMaximum Output Power Per Carrier at RAU6.1.4 1800 MHz DCSTable 6-4 DCS Power per CarrierNo. ofCarriersPower per Carrier (dBm)GSM2 km SMF GSM1 km MMF EDGE2 km SMF EDGE1 km MMF CDMA2 km SMF/1 km MMF117.5 17.5 17.5 17.5 16.02 14.5 14.0 14.5 14.0 13.03 12.5 12.0 12.5 12.0 11.04 11.5 11.0 11.5 11.0 10.05 10.5 10.0 10.5 10.0 9.06 9.5 9.0 9.5 9.0 8.07 9.0 8.5 9.0 8.5 7.58 8.5 8.0 8.0 8.0 7.09 8.0 7.5 7.5 7.5 6.510 7.5 7.5 7.0 7.0 6.011 7.0 7.0 6.5 6.5 5.512 6.5 6.5 6.0 6.0 5.013 6.5 6.5 6.0 6.0 5.014 6.0 6.0 5.5 5.5 4.515 5.5 5.5 5.0 5.0 4.016 5.5 5.5 5.0 5.0 4.0Note: Operation at or above these output power levels may prevent Unison from meeting RF performance specifications or FCC Part 15 and EN55022 emissions requirements. Refer to the Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference manual for system design information.
Maximum Output Power Per Carrier at RAU6-8 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev K6.1.5 1900 MHz PCSTable 6-5 PCS Power per CarrierNo. ofCarriersPower per Carrier (dBm)TDMA2 km SMF/1 km MMF GSM2 km SMF GSM1 km MMF EDGE2 km SMF EDGE1 km MMF CDMA2 km SMF/1 km MMF123.0 26.0 26.0 23.0 23.0 16.0218.0 15.5 14.0 15.5 14.0 13.0315.0 13.5 12.0 13.5 12.0 11.0413.0 12.0 11.0 12.0 11.0 10.0511.5 11.0 10.0 10.5 10.0 9.0610.5 10.5 9.0 9.5 9.0 8.079.5 10.0 8.5 9.0 8.5 7.588.5 9.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 7.098.0 8.5 7.5 7.5 7.5107.5 8.0 7.5 7.0 7.0117.0 7.5 7.0 6.5 6.5126.5 7.0 6.5 6.0 6.0136.5 6.5 6.5 6.0 6.0146.0 6.5 6.0 5.5 5.5155.5 6.0 6.0 5.0 5.0165.5 5.5 5.5 5.0 5.0204.5 4.5 4.5 4.0 4.0302.5 3.0 3.0 2.0 2.0Note: Operation at or above these output power levels may prevent Unison from meeting RF performance specifications or FCC Part 15 and EN55022 emissions requirements. Refer to the Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference manual for system design information.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-9D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALMaximum Output Power Per Carrier at RAU6.1.6 2.1 GHz UMTS6.1.7 1.7/2.1 GHz AWSTable 6-6 UMTS Power per Carrier**No. ofCarriersPower per Carrier (dBm)WCDMA2 km SMF/1 km MMF115.0 max. composite DL211.038.046.555.064.073.0These PPC numbers assume 2 km of SMF or 1 km of MMF.Note: measurements taken with no baseband clipping.Note: Operation at or above these output power levels may prevent Unison from meeting RF performance specifications or FCC Part 15 and EN55022 emissions requirements. Refer to the Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference manual for system design information.** For Japan, refer to separate addendum - Japan Specification Document.Table 6-7 AWS Power per CarrierNo. ofCarriersPower per Carrier (dBm)WCDMA2 km SMF/1 km MMF115.0 max. composite DL211.038.046.555.064.073.0These PPC numbers assume 2 km of SMF or 1 km of MMF.Note: measurements taken with no baseband clipping.Note: Operation at or above these output power levels may prevent Unison from meeting RF performance specifications or FCC Part 15 and EN55022 emissions requirements. Refer to the Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference manual for system design information.
Maximum Output Power Per Carrier at RAU6-10 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev K6.1.8 700 MHz Public SafetyTable 6-8 Public Safety 700 MHz Power per CarrierNo. ofCarriersPower per Carrier (dBm)iDEN APCO25CQPSK APCO25 C4FM CDMA 2000 WCDMA1 10.0 10.0 10.0 16.0 15.0 Max. composite DL210.0 10.0 10.0 13.0 11.0310.0 10.0 10.0 11.0 8.0410.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 6.559.0 10.0 10.0 9.0 5.068.0 9.5 10.0 8.077.0 9.0 9.0 7.586.5 8.0 8.5 7.096.0 7.5 7.5105.5 7.0 7.0Note: Operation at or above these output power levels may prevent Unison from meeting RF performance specifications or FCC Part 15 and EN55022 emissions requirements. Refer to the Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference manual for system design information.Table 6-9 900 MHz Paging/SMR/iDENNo. ofCarriersPower per Carrier (dBm)iDEN2 km SMF1 km MMFAnalog FM2 km SMF1 km MMFCQPSK2 km SMF1 km MMFC4FM2 km SMF1 km MMFMobitex2 km SMF1 km MMFPOCSAG/REFLEX2 km SMF1 km MMF117.5 26.0 22.0 26.0 26.0 26.0214.0 19.5 17.0 19.5 19.5 19.5311.5 16.5 14.5 16.0 16.0 16.0410.0 13.5 12.5 13.5 13.5 13.559.0 12.0 11.0 11.568.0 10.5 9.5 10.077.0 9.5 9.0 9.086.5 8.5 8.0 8.596.0 8.0 7.5 7.5105.5 7.0 7.0 7.0Note: Operation at or above the output power levels may prevent Unison from meeting RF performance specifications or FCC Part 15 and EN55022 emissions requirements. Refer to the Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference manual for system design information.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-11D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALMaximum Output Power Per Carrier at RAUAllowing for Future Capacity GrowthSometimes a Unison deployment is initially used to enhance coverage. Later, that same system may also need to provide increased capacity. Thus, the initial deploy-ment might only transmit two carriers but need to transmit four carriers later. There are two options for dealing with this scenario:1. Design the initial coverage with a maximum power per carrier for four carriers. 2. Design the initial coverage for two carriers but leave RAU ports on the Expansion Hubs unused. These ports can be used later if coverage holes are discovered once the power per carrier is lowered to accommodate the two additional carriers.Table 6-10 800 MHz Cellular/1900 MHz PCS Power per CarrierNo. ofCarriersRecommended Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU (dBm)800 MHz Cellular 1900 MHz PCSTDMA AMPS CDMA TDMA GSM EDGE CDMA2 km SMF/1 km MMF 2 km SMF/1 km MMF 2 km SMF/1 km MMF 2 km SMF 2 km SMF 1 km MMF 2 km SMF 1 km MMF 2 km SMF/1 km MMF1 23.0 26.0 16.0 21.5 24.5 24.5 21.5 21.5 14.52 18.0 20.0 13.0 16.5 14.0 12.5 14.0 12.5 11.53 15.0 16.5 11.0 13.5 12.0 10.5 12.0 10.5 9.54 13.0 13.5 10.0 11.5 10.5 9.5 10.5 9.5 8.55 11.5 12.0 9.0 10.0 9.5 8.5 9.0 8.5 7.56 10.5 10.5 8.0 9.0 9.0 7.5 8.0 7.5 6.57 9.5 9.5 7.5 8.0 8.5 7.0 7.5 7.0 6.08 8.5 8.5 7.0 7.0 7.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 5.59 8.0 8.0 6.5 7.0 6.0 6.0 6.010 7.5 7.0 6.0 6.5 6.0 5.5 5.511 7.0 7.0 5.5 6.0 5.5 5.0 5.012 6.5 6.5 N/A 5.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.513 6.5 6.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.5 4.514 6.0 5.5 4.5 5.0 4.5 4.0 4.015 5.5 5.5 4.0 4.5 4.5 3.5 3.516 5.5 5.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.5 3.520 4.5 4.0 3.0Note: Operation at or above these output power levels may prevent Unison from meeting RF performance specifications or FCC Part 15 and EN55022 emissions requirements. Refer to the Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference manual for system design information.
Estimating RF Coverage6-12 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev K6.2 Estimating RF CoverageThe maximum power per carrier (based on the number and type of RF carriers that are being transmitted) and the minimum acceptable received power at the wireless device (i.e., RSSI, the design goal) establish the RF link budget, and consequently the maximum acceptable path loss between the antenna and the wireless device.Figure 6-1 Determining Path Loss between the Antenna and the Wireless Device(P - Lcoax + G) – RSSI = PL (1)The path loss (PL) is the loss in decibels (dB) between the antenna and the wireless device. The distance, d, from the antenna corresponding to this path loss can be calcu-lated using the path loss equations in Section 6.2.1 and in Section 6.2.2.Coaxial cable is used to connect the RAU to an antenna. The following table lists coaxial cable loss for various cable lengths.Table 6-11 Coaxial Cable Losses (Lcoax)Length of Cable(.195 in. diameter)Loss at 800 MHz(dB)Loss at1900 MHz(dB)0.9 m (3 ft) 0.6 0.81.8 m (6 ft) 1.0 1.53.0 m (10 ft) 1.5 2.3RAUP = power per Distance = dAntenna Gain = GRSSI = power at thewireless devicecarrier from the RAUCoax cable loss = Lcoax
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-13D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALEstimating RF Coverage6.2.1 Path Loss EquationIndoor path loss obeys the distance power law1 in equation (2):PL = 20log(4πd0f/c) + PLSlog(d/d0) + Χs(2)where:• PL is the path loss at a distance, d, from the antenna (the distance between the antenna connected to the RAU and the point where the RF signal decreases to the minimum acceptable level at the wireless device).• d is the distance expressed in meters.•d0 is usually taken as 1 meter of free-space. • f is the operating frequency in Hertz.• c is the speed of light in a vacuum (3.0 × 108 m/sec).• PLS is the path loss slope and depends on the building “clutter” or environ-ment.•Χs is a normal random variable that depends on partition losses inside the build-ing, and therefore, depends on the frequency of operation.As a reference, the following table gives estimates of signal loss for some RF barriers.11. Rappaport, Theodore S. Wireless Communications, Principles, and Practice. Prentice Hall PTR, 1996.Table 6-12 Average Signal Loss of Common Building MaterialsPartition Type Loss (dB) Frequency (MHz)Metal wall 26 815Aluminum siding 20 815Foil insulation 4 815Cubicle walls 1.4 900Concrete block wall 13 1300Concrete floor 10 1300Sheetrock 1 to 2 1300Light machinery 3 1300General machinery 7 1300Heavy machinery 11 1300Equipment racks 7 1300Assembly line 6 1300Ceiling duct 5 1300Metal stairs 5 1300
Estimating RF Coverage6-14 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev K6.2.2 Coverage DistanceUse equations (1) and (2), on pages 6-12 and 6-13, respectively, to estimate the dis-tance from the antenna to where the RF signal decreases to the minimum acceptable level at the wireless device.Equation (2) can be simplified to:PL(d) = 20log(4πf/c) + PLSlog(d) (3)where PLS (path loss slope) is chosen to account for the building’s environment. Because different frequencies penetrate partitions with different losses, the value of PLS varies depending on the frequency.Table 6-13 shows the estimated path loss slope (PLS) for various environments that have different “clutter” (that is, objects that attenuate the RF signals, such as walls, partitions, stairwells, equipment racks, and so on.)For simplicity, Equation (3), Coverage Distance, can be used to estimate the coverage distance of an antenna connected to an RAU, for a given path loss, frequency, and type of in-building environment.Table 6-13 Estimated Path Loss Slope for Different In-Building EnvironmentsEnvironment Type Example PLS for 800/900 MHz PLS for 1800/1900/2100 MHzOpen Environment with very few RF obstructions Parking Garage, Convention Center 33.7 30.1Moderately Open Environment with low-to-medium amount of RF obstructionsWarehouse, Airport, Manufacturing 35 32Mildly Dense Environment with medium-to-high amount of RF obstructionsRetail, Office Space with approxi-mately 80% cubicles and 20% hard walled offices36.1 33.1Moderately Dense Environment with medium-to-high amount of RF obstructionsOffice Space with approximately 50% cubicles and 50% hard walled offices37.6 34.8Dense Environment with large amount of RF obstructions Hospital, Office Space with approxi-mately 20% cubicles and 80% hard walled offices39.4 38.1
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-15D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALEstimating RF CoverageTable 6-14 gives the value of the first term of Equation (3) (that is, (20log(4πf/c)) for various frequency bands.For reference, Tables 6-15 through 6-21 show the distance covered by an antenna for various in-building environments. The following assumptions were made:• Path loss Equation (3)• 6 dBm output per carrier at the RAU output• 3 dBi antenna gain• RSSI = –85 dBm (typical for narrowband protocols, but not for spread-spec-trum protocols)Table 6-14 Frequency Bands and the Value of the first Term in Equation (3)Band (MHz) Mid-Band Frequency (MHz) 20log(4πf/c)Uplink Downlink800 MHz Cellular 824–849 869–894 859 31.1800 MHz iDEN 806–824 851–869 837.5 30.9900 MHz GSM 890–915 935–960 925 31.8900 MHz EGSM 880–915 925–960 920 31.71800 MHz DCS 1710–1785 1805–1880 1795 37.51900 MHz PCS 1850–1910 1930–1990 1920 38.12.1 GHz UMTS 1920–1980 2110–2170 2045 38.71.7/2.1 GHz AWS 1710-1755 2110-2155 2132.5aa. Due to the wide frequency spread between the Uplink and Downlink bands, the mid-band frequency of the Downlink band was chosen for 1.7/2.1 GHz AWS.39.0700MHz PS 763-776 793-806 784.5 30.3Table 6-15 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 800 MHz Cellular ApplicationsEnvironment TypeDistance from AntennaMeters FeetOpen Environment 73 241Moderately Open Environment 63 205Mildly Dense Environment 55 181Moderately Dense Environment 47 154Dense Environment 39 129
Estimating RF Coverage6-16 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev KTable 6-16 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 800 MHz iDEN ApplicationsFacilityDistance from AntennaMeters FeetOpen Environment 75 244Moderately Open Environment 64 208Mildly Dense Environment 56 184Moderately Dense Environment 48 156Dense Environment 40 131Table 6-17 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 900 MHz GSM ApplicationsFacilityDistance from AntennaMeters FeetOpen Environment 70 230Moderately Open Environment 60 197Mildly Dense Environment 53 174Moderately Dense Environment 45 148Dense Environment 38 125Table 6-18 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 900 MHz EGSM ApplicationsFacilityDistance from AntennaMeters FeetOpen Environment 70 231Moderately Open Environment 60 197Mildly Dense Environment 53 174Moderately Dense Environment 45 149Dense Environment 38 125
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-17D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALEstimating RF CoverageTable 6-19 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 1800 MHz DCS Applications FacilityDistance from AntennaMeters FeetOpen Environment 75 246Moderately Open Environment 58 191Mildly Dense Environment 50 166Moderately Dense Environment 42 137Dense Environment 30 100Table 6-20 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 1800 MHz CDMA (Korea) ApplicationsFacilityDistance from AntennaMeters FeetOpen Environment 75 247Moderately Open Environment 58 191Mildly Dense Environment 51 167Moderately Dense Environment 42 138Dense Environment 30 100Table 6-21 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 1900 MHz PCS ApplicationsFacilityDistance from AntennaMeters FeetOpen Environment 72 236Moderately Open Environment 56 183Mildly Dense Environment 49 160Moderately Dense Environment 40 132Dense Environment 29 96Table 6-22 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 2.1 GHz UMTS ApplicationsaFacilityDistance from AntennaMeters FeetOpen Environment 69 226Moderately Open Environment 54 176
Estimating RF Coverage6-18 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev KMildly Dense Environment 47 154Moderately Dense Environment 39 128Dense Environment 28 93a. For Japan, refer to the separate addendum: Japan Specification Document.Table 6-23 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 1.7/2.1 GHz AWS ApplicationsFacilityDistance from AntennaMeters FeetOpen Environment 67 220Moderately Open Environment 52 172Mildly Dense Environment 46 150Moderately Dense Environment 38 125Dense Environment 28 91Table 6-24 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 700 MHz Public Safety ApplicationsFacilityDistance from AntennaMeters FeetOpen Environment 78 254Moderately Open Environment 66 216Mildly Dense Environment 58 190Moderately Dense Environment 49 162Dense Environment 41 136Table 6-22 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 2.1 GHz UMTS ApplicationsaFacilityDistance from AntennaMeters Feet
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-19D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALEstimating RF Coverage6.2.3 Examples of Design EstimatesExample Design Estimate for an 800 MHz TDMA Application1. Design goals:• Cellular (859 MHz = average of the lowest uplink and the highest downlink frequency in 800 MHz Cellular band)•TDMA provider• 12 TDMA carriers in the system• –85 dBm design goal (to 95% of the building) — the minimum received power at the wireless device• Base station with simplex RF connections2. Power Per Carrier: The tables in Section 6.1, “Maximum Output Power Per Carrier at RAU,” on page 6-3 provide maximum power per carrier information. The 800 MHz TDMA table (on page 6-4) indicates that Unison can support 12 carriers with a recommended maximum power per carrier of 7.5 dBm. The input power should be set to the desired output power minus the system gain.3. Building information:• Eight floor building with 9,290 sq. meters (100,000 sq. ft.) per floor; total 74,322 sq. meters (800,000 sq. ft.).• Walls are sheetrock construction, suspended ceiling tiles.• Antennas used will be omni-directional, ceiling mounted.• Standard office environment, 50% hard wall offices and 50% cubicles.4. Link Budget: In this example, a design goal of –85 dBm is used. Suppose 3 dBi omni-directional antennas are used in the design. Then, the maximum RF propa-gation loss should be no more than 95.5 dB (7.5 dBm + 3 dBi + 85 dBm) over 95% of the area being covered. It is important to note that a design goal such as –85 dBm is usually derived taking into account multipath fading and log-normal shadowing characteristics. Thus, this design goal will only be met “on average” over 95% of the area being covered. At any given point, a fade may bring the sig-nal level underneath the design goal.Note that this method of calculating a link budget is only for the downlink path. For information to calculate link budgets for both the downlink and uplink paths, refer to Section 6.4 on page 6-24.5. Path Loss Slope: For a rough estimate, Table 6-13, “Estimated Path Loss Slope for Different In-Building Environments” on page 6-14, shows that a building with 50% hard wall offices and 50% cubicles, at 859 MHz, has an approximate path loss slope (PLS) of 37.6. Given the RF link budget of 95.5 dB, the distance of coverage from each RAU will be 52 meters (170.6 ft).   This corresponds to a coverage area of 8,494 sq. meters (91,425 sq. ft.) per RAU (refer to Section 6.2.1 for details on path loss estimation). For this case we assumed a circular radiation pattern, though the actual area covered depends upon the pattern of the antenna and the obstructions in the facility.
Estimating RF Coverage6-20 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev KEquipment Required: Since you know the building size, you can now estimate the Unison equipment quantities that will be needed. Before any RF levels are tested in the building, you can estimate that two antennas per level will be needed. This assumes no propagation between floors. If there is propagation, you may not need antennas on every floor.a. 2 antennas per floor × 8 floors = 16 RAUsb. 16 RAUs ÷ 8 (maximum 8 RAUs per Expansion Hub) = 2 Expansion Hubsc. 2 Expansion Hubs ÷ 4 (maximum 4 Expansion Hubs per Main Hub) = 1 Main HubCheck that the fiber and Cat-5 cable distances are as recommended. If the dis-tances differ, use the tables in Section 6.3, “System Gain,” on page 6-23 to deter-mine system gains or losses. The path loss may need to be recalculated to assure adequate signal levels in the required coverage distance.The above estimates assume that all cable length requirements are met. If Expansion Hubs cannot be placed so that the RAUs are within the distance requirement, addi-tional Expansion Hubs may need to be placed closer to the required RAUs locations.An RF Site Survey and Building Evaluation is required to accurately establish the Unison equipment quantities required for the building. The site survey measures the RF losses within the building to determine the actual PLS, which are used in the final path loss formula to determine the actual requirements of the Unison system.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-21D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALEstimating RF CoverageExample Design Estimate for an 1900 MHz CDMA Application1. Design goals:• PCS (1920 MHz = average of the lowest uplink and the highest downlink fre-quency in 1900 MHz PCS band)•CDMA provider• 8 CDMA carriers in the system• –85 dBm design goal (to 95% of the building) — the minimum received power at the wireless device• Base station with simplex RF connections2. Power Per Carrier: The tables in Section 6.1, “Maximum Output Power Per Carrier at RAU,” on page 6-3 provide maximum power per carrier information. The 1900 MHz CDMA table (on page 6-8) indicates that Unison can support eight carriers with a recommended maximum power per carrier of 6.5 dBm. The input power should be set to the desired output power minus the system gain.3. Building information:• 16 floor building with 9,290 sq. meters (100,000 sq. ft.) per floor; total 148,640 sq. meters (1,600,000 sq. ft.).• Walls are sheetrock construction, suspended ceiling tiles.• Antennas used are omni-directional, ceiling mounted.• Standard office environment, 80% hard wall offices and 20% cubicles.4. Link Budget: In this example, a design goal of –85 dBm is used. Suppose 3 dBi omni-directional antennas are used in the design. Then, the maximum RF propa-gation loss should be no more than 94.5 dB (6.5 dBm + 3 dBi + 85 dBm) over 95% of the area being covered. It is important to note that a design goal such as –85 dBm is usually derived taking into account multipath fading and log-normal shadowing characteristics. Thus, this design goal will only be met “on average” over 95% of the area being covered. At any given point, a fade may bring the sig-nal level underneath the design goal.Note that this method of calculating a link budget is only for the downlink path. For information to calculate link budgets for both the downlink and uplink paths, refer to Section 6.4 on page 6-24.5. Path Loss Slope: For a rough estimate, Table 6-13, “Estimated Path Loss Slope for Different In-Building Environments” on page 6-14, shows that a building with 80% hard wall offices and 20% cubicles, at 1920 MHz, has an approximate path loss slope (PLS) of 38.1. Given the RF link budget of 94.5 dB, the distance of coverage from each RAU will be 30.2 meters (99 ft).   This corresponds to a coverage area of 2,868 sq. meters (30,854 sq. ft.) per RAU (refer to Section 6.2.1 for details on path loss estimation). For this case we assumed a circular radiation pattern, though the actual area covered depends upon the pattern of the antenna and the obstructions in the facility.
Estimating RF Coverage6-22 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev K6. Equipment Required: Since you know the building size, you can now estimate the Unison equipment quantities needed. Before you test any RF levels in the building, you can estimate that four antennas per level will be needed. This assumes no propagation between floors. If there is propagation, you may not need antennas on every floor.a. 4 antennas per floor × 16 floors = 64 RAUsb. 64 RAUs ÷ 8 (maximum 8 RAUs per Expansion Hub) = 8 Expansion Hubsc. 8 Expansion Hubs ÷ 4 (maximum 4 Expansion Hubs per Main Hub) = 2 Main HubsCheck that the fiber and Cat-5/5E/6 cable distances are as recommended. If the distances differ, use the tables in Section 6.3, “System Gain,” on page 6-23 to determine system gains or losses. The path loss may need to be recalculated to assure adequate signal levels in the required coverage distance.The above estimates assume that all cable length requirements are met. If Expansion Hubs cannot be placed so that the RAUs are within the distance requirement, addi-tional Expansion Hubs may need to be placed closer to the required RAUs locations.An RF Site Survey and Building Evaluation is required to accurately establish the Unison equipment quantities required for the building. The site survey measures the RF losses within the building to determine the actual PLS, used in the final path loss formula to determine the actual requirements of the Unison system.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-23D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALSystem Gain6.3 System GainThe system gain can be decreased from 15 dB to 0 dB gain in 1 dB increments and the uplink and downlink gains of each RAU can be independently decreased by 10 dB in one step using AdminManager or OpsConsole.a6.3.1 System Gain (Loss) Relative to ScTP Cable LengthThe recommended minimum length of ScTP cable is 10 meters (33 ft) and the recom-mended maximum length is 100 meters (328 ft). The system should not be operated with ScTP cable that is less than 10 meters (33 ft) in length, system performance is greatly compromised. If the ScTP cable is longer than 100 meters (328 ft), the gain of the system decreases, as shown in Table 6-25.Table 6-25 System Gain (Loss) Relative to ScTP Cable LengthScTP Cable LengthTypical change in system gain (dB)ScTP with CAT-5 Extender Downlink Uplink800 MHz TDMA/AMPS and CDMA; 900 MHz GSM and EGSM; and iDEN180 m 110 m / 361 ft –1.0 –0.7190 m 120 m / 394 ft –3.2 –2.4200 m 130 m / 426 ft –5.3 –4.1210 m 140 m / 459 ft –7.5 –5.8220 m 150 m / 492 ft –9.7 –7.61800 MHz GSM (DCS); 1900 MHz TDMA, CDMA, and GSM180 m 110 m / 361 ft –1.0 –0.7190 m 120 m / 394 ft –4.0 –2.4200 m 130 m / 426 ft –6.4 –4.1210 m 140 m / 459 ft –8.8 –5.8220 m 150 m / 492 ft –11.3 –7.62.1 GHz UMTSa; 1.7/2.1 GHz AWSa. For Japan, refer to the separate addendum: Japan Specification Document.180 m 110 m / 361 ft –1.0 –0.7190 m 120 m / 394 ft –3.2 –2.4200 m 130 m / 426 ft –5.3 –4.1210 m 140 m / 459 ft –7.5 –5.8220 m 150 m / 492 ft –9.7 –7.6
Link Budget Analysis6-24 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev K6.4 Link Budget AnalysisA link budget is a methodical way to account for the gains and losses in an RF system so that the quality of coverage can be predicted. The end result can often be stated as a “design goal” in which the coverage is determined by the maximum distance from each RAU before the signal strength falls beneath that goal.One key feature of the link budget is the maximum power per carrier explained in Section 6.1. While the maximum power per carrier is important as far as emissions and signal quality requirements are concerned, it is critical that the maximum signal into the Main Hub never exceed 1W (+30 dBm). Composite power levels above this limit will cause damage to the Main Hub.WARNING: Exceeding the maximum input power of 1W (+30 dBm) could cause permanent damage to the Main Hub.NOTE: Visit the LGC Wireless customer portal at LGCWireless.com for the on-line Link Budget Tool.6.4.1 Elements of a Link Budget for Narrowband StandardsThe link budget represents a typical calculation that might be used to determine how much path loss can be afforded in a Unison design. This link budget analyzes both the downlink and uplink paths. For most configurations, the downlink requires lower path loss and is therefore the limiting factor in the system design. It is for this reason that a predetermined “design goal” for the downlink is sufficient to predict coverage distance.The link budget is organized in a simple manner: the transmitted power is calculated, the airlink losses due to fading and body loss are summed, and the receiver sensitivity (minimum level a signal can be received for acceptable call quality) is calculated. The maximum allowable path loss (in dB) is the difference between the transmitted power, less the airlink losses, and the receiver sensitivity. From the path loss, the maximum coverage distance can be estimated using the path loss formula presented in Section 6.2.1.Table 6-26 provides link budget considerations for narrowband systems.** For Japan, see separate addendum - Japan Specification Document.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-25D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALLink Budget AnalysisTable 6-26 Link Budget Considerations for Narrowband SystemsConsideration DescriptionBTS Transmit Power The power per carrier transmitted from the base station outputAttenuation between BTS and Unison This includes all losses: cable, attenuator, splitter/combiner, and so forth. On the downlink, attenuation must be chosen so that the maximum power per carrier going into the Main Hub does not exceed the levels given in Section 6.1. On the uplink, attenuation is chosen to keep the maximum uplink signal and noise level low enough to prevent base station alarms but small enough not to cause degradation in the system sensitivity.If the Unison noise figure minus the attenuation is at least 10 dB higher than the BTS noise figure, the system noise figure is approximately that of Unison alone. Refer to Section 6.6 for ways to inde-pendently set the uplink and downlink attenuations between the base station and Unison.Antenna Gain The radiated output power includes antenna gain. For example, if you use a 3 dBi antenna at the RAU that is transmitting 0 dBm per carrier, the effective radiated power (relative to an isotropic radiator) is 3 dBm per carrier.BTS Noise Figure This is the effective noise floor of the base station input (usually base station sensitivity is this effec-tive noise floor plus a certain C/I ratio).Unison Noise Figure This is Unison’s uplink noise figure, which varies depending on the number of Expansion Hubs and RAUs, and the frequency band. Unison’s uplink noise figure is specified for a 1-1-8 configuration. Thus, the noise figure for a Unison system (or multiple systems whose uplink ports are power com-bined) is NF(1-1-8) + 10*log(# of Expansion Hubs). This represents an upper-bound because the noise figure is lower if any of the Expansion Hub’s RAU ports are not used.Thermal Noise This is the noise level in the signal bandwidth (BW). Thermal noise power = –174 dBm/Hz + 10Log(BW).Required C/I ratio For each wireless standard, a certain C/I (carrier to interference) ratio is needed to obtain acceptable demodulation performance. For narrowband systems, (TDMA, GSM, EDGE, iDEN, AMPS) this level varies from about 9 dB to 20 dB.Mobile Transmit Power The maximum power the mobile can transmit (power transmitted at highest power level setting).Multipath Fade Margin This margin allows for a certain level of fading due to multipath interference. Inside buildings there is often one or more fairly strong signals and many weaker signals arriving from reflections and dif-fraction. Signals arriving from multiple paths add constructively or destructively. This margin accounts for the possibility of destructive multipath interference. In RF site surveys the effects of multipath fading are typically not accounted for because such fading is averaged out over power level samples taken over many locations.Protocol Signal Bandwidth Thermal NoiseTDMA 30 kHz –129 dBmGSM 200 kHz –121 dBmiDEN 25 kHz –130 dBm
Link Budget Analysis6-26 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev KLog-normal Fade Margin This margin adds an allowance for RF shadowing due to objects obstructing the direct path between the mobile equipment and the RAU. In RF site surveys, the effects of shadowing are partially accounted for since it is characterized by relatively slow changes in power level.Body Loss This accounts for RF attenuation caused by the user’s head and body.Minimum Received Signal Level This is also referred to as the “design goal”. The link budget says that you can achieve adequate cov-erage if the signal level is, on average, above this level over 95% of the area covered, for example.Table 6-26 Link Budget Considerations for Narrowband Systems (continued)Consideration Description
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-27D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALLink Budget Analysis6.4.2 Narrowband Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell ApplicationTable 6-27 Narrowband Link Budget Analysis: Downlink• c = a + b• f = c + d + e• j = g + h + i• n = k + l + m• k: in this example, k represents the thermal noise for a TDMA signal, which has a bandwidth of 30 kHz• p = f – j – nLine DownlinkTransmittera. BTS transmit power per carrier (dBm) 33b. Attenuation between BTS and Unison (dB) –23c. Power into Unison (dBm) 10d. Unison gain (dB) 0e. Antenna gain (dBi) 3f. Radiated power per carrier (dBm) 13Airlinkg. Multipath fade margin (dB) 6h. Log-normal fade margin with 9 dB std. deviation, 95% area coverage, 87% edge coverage 10i. Body loss (dB) 3j. Airlink losses (not including facility path loss) 19Receiverk. Thermal noise (dBm/30 kHz) –129l. Mobile noise figure (dB) 7m. Required C/I ratio (dB) 17n. Minimum received signal (dBm) –105p. Maximum path loss (dB) +99
Link Budget Analysis6-28 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev KTable 6-28 Narrowband Link Budget Analysis: Uplink• e: enter the noise figure and gain of each system component (a, b, c, and d) into the standard cascaded noise figure formula• i = f + e + g – h• m = j + k + l• p = n – m – iTherefore, the system is downlink limited but the downlink and uplink are almost balanced, which is a desirable condition.Line UplinkReceivera. BTS noise figure (dB) 4b. Attenuation between BTS and Unison (dB) –10c. Unison gain (dB) 0d. Unison noise figure (dB) 1-4-32 22e. System noise figure (dB) 22.6f. Thermal noise (dBm/30 kHz) –129g. Required C/I ratio (dB) 12h. Antenna gain (dBi) 3i. Receive sensitivity (dBm) –97.4Airlinkj. Multipath fade margin (dB) 6k. Log-normal fade margin with 9 dB std. deviation, 95% area coverage, 87% edge coverage 10l. Body loss (dB) 3m. Airlink losses (not including facility path loss) 19Transmittern. Mobile transmit power (dBm) 28p. Maximum path loss (dB) 106.4Fsys = F1 + + + ....F2 – 1G1F3 – 1G1G2whereF = 10(See Rappaport, Theodore S. Wireless Communications, Principles, and Practice. Prentice Hall PTR, 1996.)(Noise Figure/10)G = 10(Gain/10)
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-29D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALLink Budget Analysis6.4.3 Elements of a Link Budget for CDMA StandardsA CDMA link budget is slightly more complicated because you must consider the spread spectrum nature of CDMA. Unlike narrowband standards such as TDMA and GSM, CDMA signals are spread over a relatively wide frequency band. Upon recep-tion, the CDMA signal is de-spread. In the de-spreading process the power in the received signal becomes concentrated into a narrow band, whereas the noise level remains unchanged. Hence, the signal-to-noise ratio of the de-spread signal is higher than that of the CDMA signal before de-spreading. This increase is called processing gain. For IS-95 and J-STD-008, the processing gain is 21 dB or 19 dB depending on the user data rate (9.6 Kbps for rate set 1 and 14.4 Kbps for rate set 2, respectively). Because of the processing gain, a CDMA signal (comprising one Walsh code channel within the composite CDMA signal) can be received at a lower level than that required for narrowband signals. A reasonable level is –95 dBm, which results in about –85 dBm composite as shown below.An important issue to keep in mind is that the downlink CDMA signal is composed of many orthogonal channels: pilot, paging, sync, and traffic. The composite power level is the sum of the powers from the individual channels. Table 6-29 shows an example.This table assumes that there are 15 active traffic channels operating with 50% voice activity (so that the total power adds up to 100%). Notice that the pilot and sync chan-nels together contribute about 25% of the power. When measuring the power in a CDMA signal you must be aware that if only the pilot and sync channels are active, the power level will be about 6 to 7 dB lower than the maximum power level you can expect when all voice channels are active. The implication is that if only the pilot and sync channels are active, and the maximum power per carrier table says that you should not exceed 10 dBm for a CDMA signal, for example, then you should set the attenuation between the base station and the Main Hub so that the Main Hub receives 3 dBm (assuming 0 dB system gain).An additional consideration for CDMA systems is that the uplink and downlink paths should be gain and noise balanced. This is required for proper operation of soft-hand-off to the outdoor network as well as preventing excess interference that is caused by mobiles on the indoor system transmitting at power levels that are not coordinated with the outdoor mobiles. This balance is achieved if the power level transmitted by the mobiles under close-loop power control is similar to the power level transmitted under open-loop power control. The open-loop power control equation isPTX + PRX = –73 dBm (for Cellular, IS-95)Table 6-29 Distribution of Power within a CDMA SignalChannel Walsh Code Number Relative Power LevelPilot 0 20% –7.0 dBSync 32 5% –13.3 dBPrimary Paging 1 19% –7.3 dBTraffic 8–31, 33–63 9% (per traffic channel) –10.3 dB
Link Budget Analysis6-30 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev KPTX + PRX = –76 dBm (for PCS, J-STD-008)where PTX is the mobile’s transmitted power and PRX is the power received by the mobile.The power level transmitted under closed-loop power control is adjusted by the base station to achieve a certain Eb/N0 (explained in Table 6-30 on page 6-30). The differ-ence between these power levels, ΔP, can be estimated by comparing the power radi-ated from the RAU, Pdownink, to the minimum received signal, Puplink, at the RAU:ΔP = Pdownink + Puplink + 73 dBm (for Cellular)ΔP = Pdownink + Puplink + 76 dBm (for PCS)It’s a good idea to keep –12 dB < ΔP < 12 dB.Table 6-30 provides link budget considerations for CDMA systems.Table 6-30 Additional Link Budget Considerations for CDMAConsideration DescriptionPower per car-rier, downlink This depends on how many channels are active. For example, the signal is about 7 dB lower if only the pilot, sync, and paging channels are active compared to a fully-loaded CDMA signal. Furthermore, in the CDMA forward link, voice channels are turned off when the user is not speaking. On average this is assumed to be about 50% of the time. So, in the spreadsheet, both the power per Walsh code channel (rep-resenting how much signal a mobile will receive on the Walsh code that it is de-spreading) and the total power are used.The channel power is needed to determine the maximum path loss, and the total power is needed to deter-mine how hard the Unison system is being driven.The total power for a fully-loaded CDMA signal is given by (approximately):total power = voice channel power + 13 dB + 10log10 (50%)= voice channel power + 10 dBInformation Rate This is simply 10log10(9.6 Kbps) = 40 dB for rate set 110log10(14.4 Kbps) = 42 dB for rate set 2Process Gain The process of de-spreading the desired signal boosts that signal relative to the noise and interference. This gain needs to be included in the link budget. In the following formulas, PG = process gain:PG = 10log10(1.25 MHz / 9.6 Kbps) = 21 dB rate set 1PG = 10log10(1.25 MHz / 14.4 Kbps) = 19 dB rate set 2Note that the process gain can also be expressed as 10log10 (CDMA bandwidth) minus the information rate.Eb/No This is the energy-per-bit divided by the received noise and interference. It’s the CDMA equivalent of sig-nal-to-noise ratio (SNR). This figure depends on the mobile’s receiver and the multipath environment. If the receiver noise figure is NF (dB), then the receive sensitivity (dBm) is given by:Psensitivity = NF + Eb/No + thermal noise in a 1.25 MHz band – PG= NF + Eb/No – 113 (dBm/1.25 MHz) – PG
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-31D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALLink Budget AnalysisOther CDMA Issues• Never combine multiple sectors (more than one CDMA signal at the same fre-quency) into a Unison system. The combined CDMA signals will interfere with each other.• Try to minimize overlap between in-building coverage areas that utilize different sectors, as well as in-building coverage and outdoor coverage areas. This is impor-tant because any area in which more than one dominant pilot signal (at the same frequency) is measured by the mobile will result in soft-handoff. Soft-handoff decreases the overall network capacity by allocating multiple channel resources to a single mobile phone.Noise Rise On the uplink, the noise floor is determined not only by the Unison system, but also by the number of mobiles that are transmitting. This is because when the base station attempts to de-spread a particular mobile’s signal, all other mobile signals appear to be noise. Because the noise floor rises as more mobiles try to communicate with a base station, the more mobiles there are, the more power they have to transmit. Hence, the noise floor rises rapidly:noise rise = 10log10(1 / (1 – loading))where loading is the number of users as a percentage of the theoretical maximum number of users.Typically, a base station is set to limit the loading to 75%. This noise ratio must be included in the link budget as a worst-case condition for uplink sensitivity. If there are less users than 75% of the maximum, then the uplink coverage will be better than predicted.Hand-off Gain CDMA supports soft hand-off, a process by which the mobile communicates simultaneously with more than one base station or more than one sector of a base station. Soft hand-off provides improved receive sensitivity because there are two or more receivers or transmitters involved. A line for hand-off gain is included in the CDMA link budgets worksheet although the gain is set to 0 dB because the in-building system will probably be designed to limit soft-handoff.Table 6-30 Additional Link Budget Considerations for CDMA (continued)Consideration Description
Link Budget Analysis6-32 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev K6.4.4 CDMA Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell ApplicationTable 6-31 CDMA Link Budget Analysis: DownlinkLine DownlinkTransmittera. BTS transmit power per traffic channel (dBm) 30.0b. Voice activity factor 50%c. Composite power (dBm) 40.0d. Attenuation between BTS and Unison (dB) –24e. Power per channel into Unison (dBm) 9.0f. Composite power into Unison (dBm) 16.0g. Unison gain (dB) 0.0h. Antenna gain (dBi) 3.0i. Radiated power per channel (dBm) 12.0j. Composite radiated power (dBm) 19.0Airlinkk. Handoff gain (dB) 0.0l. Multipath fade margin (dB) 6.0m. Log-normal fade margin with 9 dB std. deviation, 95% area cover-age, 87% edge coverage 10.0n. Additional loss (dB) 0.0o. Body loss (dB) 3.0p. Airlink losses (not including facility path loss) 19.0Receiverq. Mobile noise figure (dB) 7.0r. Thermal noise (dBm/Hz) –174.0s. Receiver interference density (dBm/Hz) –167.0t. Information ratio (dB/Hz) 41.6u. Required Eb/(No+lo)7.0v. Minimum received signal (dBm) –118.4w. Maximum path loss (dB) +99.4
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-33D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALLink Budget Analysis• b and c: see notes in Table 6-30 regarding power per carrier, downlink• e = a + d• f = c + d• i = e + g + h• j = f + g + h• p = –k + l + m + n + o• s = q + r• v = s + t + u• w = j – p – v• x = j (downlink) + m (uplink) + PwhereP = Ptx + Prx = –73 dB for Cellular–76 dB for PCS
Link Budget Analysis6-34 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev KTable 6-32 CDMA Link Budget Analysis: UplinkLine UplinkReceivera. BTS noise figure (dB) 3.0b. Attenuation between BTS and Unison (dB) –30.0c. Unison gain (dB) 0.0d. Unison noise figure (dB) 22.0e. System noise figure (dB) 33.3f. Thermal noise (dBm/Hz) –174.0g. Noise rise 75% loading (dB) 6.0h. Receiver interference density (dBm/Hz) –134.6i. Information rate (dB/Hz) 41.6j. Required Eb/(No+lo)5.0k. Handoff gain (dB) 0.0l. Antenna gain (dBi) 3.0m. Minimum received signal (dBm) –91.1Airlinkn. Multipath fade margin (dB) 6.0o. Log-normal fade margin with 9 dB std. deviation, 95% area cover-age, 87% edge coverage 10.0p. Additional loss (dB) 0.0q. Body loss (dB) 3.0r. Airlink losses (not including facility path loss) 19.0Transmitters. Mobile transmit power (dBm) 28.0t. Maximum path loss (dB) 100.1
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-35D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALLink Budget Analysis• e: enter the noise figure and gain of each system component (a, b, c, and d) into the standard cascaded noise figure formula• h = e + f + g• m = h + i + j –k – l• r = n + o + p + q• t = s – r – m6.4.5 Considerations for Re-Radiation (Over-the-Air) SystemsUnison can be used to extend the coverage of the outdoor network by connecting to a roof-top donor antenna pointed toward an outdoor base station. Additional consider-ations for such an application of Unison are: • Sizing the gain and output power requirements for a bi-directional amplifier (repeater).• Ensuring that noise radiated on the uplink from the in-building system does not cause the outdoor base station to become desensitized to wireless handsets in the outdoor network.• Filtering out signals that lie in adjacent frequency bands. For instance, if you are providing coverage for Cellular B-band operation it may be necessary to filter out the A, A’ and A” bands which may contain strong signals from other outdoor base stations.Further information on these issues can be found in LGC Wireless’ application notes for re-radiation applications.Fsys = F1 + + + ....F2 – 1G1F3 – 1G1G2whereF = 10(See Rappaport, Theodore S. Wireless Communications, Principles, and Practice. Prentice Hall PTR, 1996.)(Noise Figure/10)G = 10(Gain/10)
Optical Power Budget6-36 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev K6.5 Optical Power BudgetUnison uses SC/APC connectors. The connector losses associated with mating to these connectors is accounted for in the design and should not be included as ele-ments of the optical power budget. The reason is that when the optical power budget is defined, measurements are taken with these connectors in place.The Unison optical power budget for both multi-mode and single-mode fiber cable is 3.0 dB (optical).The maximum loss through the fiber can not exceed 3 dB (optical). The maximum lengths of the fiber cable should not exceed 1.5 km (4,921 ft) for multi-mode and 6 km (19,685 ft) for single-mode. Both the optical budget and the maximum cable length must be taken into consideration when designing the system.NOTE: It is critical to system performance that only SC/APC fiber connectors are used throughout the fiber network, including fiber distribution panels.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-37D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALConnecting a Main Hub to a Base Station6.6 Connecting a Main Hub to a Base StationThe first consideration when connecting Unison Main Hubs to a base station is to ensure there is an equal amount of loss through cables, combiners, and so on from the base station to the Main Hubs. For this example, assume that the base station will have simplex connections, one uplink and one downlink. Each of these connections needs to be divided to equilibrate power for each Main Hub. For example, two Main Hubs require a 2×1 combiner/divider; four Main Hubs require a 4×1 com-biner/divider; and so on.Figure 6-2 Connecting Main Hubs to a Simplex Base StationWhen connecting a Unison Main Hub to a base station, also consider the following:1. The downlink power from the base station must be attenuated enough so that the power radiated by the RAU does not exceed the maximum power per carrier listed in Section 6.1, “Maximum Output Power Per Carrier at RAU,” on page 6-3.2. The uplink attenuation should be small enough that the sensitivity of the overall system is limited by Unison, not by the attenuator. However, some base stations trigger alarms if the noise or signal levels are too high. In this case the attenuation has to be large enough to prevent this from happening.NOTE: The UPLINK and DOWNLINK ports cannot handle a DC power feed from the base station. If DC power is present, a DC block must be used or the hub may be damaged.If, in an area covered by Unison, a mobile phone indicates good signal strength but consistently has difficulty completing calls, it is possible that the attenuation between Unison and the base station needs to be adjusted. In other words, it is possible that if the uplink is over-attenuated, the downlink power will provide good coverage, but the uplink coverage distance will be small.When there is an excessive amount of loss between the Main Hub uplink and the base station, the uplink system gain can be increased to as much as 15 dB to prevent a reduction in the overall system sensitivity.Base Station2 × 1 combiner/dividerDownlink/ForwardMain Hub 1Main Hub 2Uplink/Reverse
Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station6-38 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev K6.6.1 AttenuationFigure 6-3 shows a typical setup wherein a duplex base station is connected to a Main Hub. For a simplex base station, eliminate the circulator and connect the simplex ports of the base station to the simplex ports of the Main Hub. Add attenuators to reg-ulate the power appropriately.Figure 6-3 Main Hub to Duplex Base Station or Repeater ConnectionsDuplexBase Station Main HubForwardReverseA3A1A2• A typical circulator has an IP3 of +70dBm. If you drive the circulator too hard it produces intermods bigger than the intermods produced by Unison. The IP3 at the Forward port input of the Main Hub is approximately +38 dBm. The IP3 of the circulator at that same point (i.e., following attenuator A1) is +70dBm – A1. Thus, to keep the system IP3 from being adversely affected by the circulator, attenuator A1 should be no more than approximately +30 dB.• A filter diplexer can be used in place of the circulator. The IP3 of the diplexer can be assumed to be greater than +100 dBm. If a diplexer is used, A3 can be omitted.• A1+A3 should be chosen so that the output power per carrier at the RAU’s output is correct for the number of carriers being transmitted. Suppose the base station transmits 36 dBm per carrier and it is desired that the RAU output be 6 dBm per carrier and the forward port gain is 0 dB. Then A1+A3=30 dB.• A2+A3 should, ideally, be at least 10 dB less than the noise figure plus the gain of the Uni-son system. For example, if the reverse port has a 0 dB gain and if there are 32 RAUs, the noise figure is approximately 22 dB. So A2+A3 should be about 10 dB. If A2+A3 is too large, the uplink coverage can be severely reduced.• Given these three equations: A1 < 30 dBA1+A3 = 30 dB (in this example)A2+A3 < 10 dB (in this example)we could choose A1=20 dB, A2=0 dB, A3=10 dBorRepeater
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-39D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALConnecting a Main Hub to a Base Station6.6.2 Uplink AttenuationThe attenuation between the Main Hub’s uplink port and the base station does two things:• It attenuates the noise coming out of Unison.• It attenuates the desired signals coming out of Unison. Setting the attenuation on the uplink is a trade-off between keeping the noise and maximum signal levels transmitted from Unison to the base station receiver low while not reducing the SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) of the path from the RAU inputs to the base station inputs. This SNR can not be better than the SNR of Unison by itself, although it can be significantly worse.For example, suppose we have a GSM Unison system consisting of one Main Hub, four Expansion Hubs, and 32 RAUs (1-4-32) with uplink NF=22 dB. (Refer to Table 6-30 on page 6-30.) If we use 30 dB of attenuation between the Main Hub’s uplink port and the base station (which has its own noise figure of about 4 dB), the overall noise figure is 34.3 dB (refer to the formula on page 6-28) which is 12.3 dB worse than Unison by itself. That causes a 12.3 dB reduction in the uplink coverage distance. If the attenuation is 10 dB instead, the cascaded noise figure is NF=22.6 dB, which implies that the uplink sensitivity is limited by Unison, a desirable condition.Rule of ThumbA good rule of thumb is to set the uplink attenuation, A2+A3 in Figure 6-3 on page 6-38, as follows:A2+A3 ≈ Unison uplink NF + uplink gain (0 dB for reverse port) – BTS NF – 10dBand round A2 down to the nearest convenient attenuation value.
Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station6-40 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev K6.6.2.1 Uplink Attenuation Exception: CDMAIn CDMA systems, the power transmitted by the mobile is determined by the charac-teristics of both the uplink and downlink paths. The power transmitted by the mobile should be similar in open-loop control (as determined by the downlink path) as dur-ing closed-loop control (as determined by the uplink and downlink paths). In addi-tion, the mobile’s transmit power when it communicates with a base station through Unison should be similar to the power transmitted when it communicates with a base station in the outdoor network (during soft hand-off). Because of these consider-ations, you should not allow the downlink and uplink gains to vary widely.Open-loop power control:PTX = –76 dBm (for PCS) – PRXwhere PTX is the power transmitted and PRX is the power received by the mobile. If PL is the path loss (in dB) between the RAU and the mobile, and PDL is the downlink power radiated by the RAU, then PTX = –76 dBm (for PCS) – PDL + PLClosed-loop power control:PTX = noise floor + uplink NF – process gain + Eb/No + PL= –113 dBm/1.25 Mhz + NF – 19 dB + 7 dB + PLwhere Eb/No = 7 dB is a rough estimate, and NF is the cascaded noise figure of the Unison uplink, the uplink attenuation, and the base station noise figure. Equating PTX for the open-loop and closed-loop we see thatNF = 49 – PDLwhere PDL is determined by the downlink attenuation. Since PDL for Unison is about 10 dBm, the cascaded noise figure is about 39 dB, which is considerably higher than that of Unison itself. This implies that we should use a fairly large attenuation on the uplink. This case suggests using as much attenuation on the downlink as on the uplink. The drawback is that the uplink coverage sensitivity is reduced. A link budget analysis clarifies these issues. Typically, the uplink attenuation between the Main Hub and the base station will be the same as, or maybe 10 dB less than, the downlink attenuation.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-41D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALConnecting a Main Hub to a Base Station6.6.3 RAU Attenuation and ALCThe RAU attenuation and Automatic Level Control (ALC) are set using the OpsCon-sole or AdminManager Advanced RAU Settings command.Embedded within the uplink RF front-end of each Unison Remote Access Unit is an ALC circuit. This ALC circuit protects the Unison system from overload and exces-sive intermodulation products due to high-powered mobiles or other signal sources that are within the supported frequency band and are in close proximity to the RAU.The Unison uplink ALC circuit operates as a feedback loop. A power detector mea-sures the level of the uplink RF input and if that level exceeds –30 dBm, an RF atten-uator is activated. The level of attenuation is equal to the amount that the input exceeds –30 dBm. The following sequence describes the operation of the ALC cir-cuit, as illustrated in Figure 6-4.1. The RF signal level into the RAU rises above the activation threshold (–30 dBm), causing the ALC loop to enter into the attack phase.2. During the attack phase, the ALC loop increases the attenuation (0 to 30 dB) until the detector reading is reduced to the activation threshold. The duration of this attack phase is called the attack time.3. After the attack time, the ALC loop enters the hold phase and maintains a fixed attenuation so long as the high-level RF signal is present.4. The RF signal level drops below the release threshold (–45 dBm) and the ALC loop enters the release phase.5. During the release phase, the ALC loop holds the attenuation for a fixed period then quickly releases the attenuation. An important feature of the ALC loop is that in Step 3, the attenuation is maintained at a fixed level until the signal drops by a significant amount. This prevents the ALC loop from tracking variations in the RF signal itself and distorting the waveform modulation.Figure 6-4 ALC OperationInput SignalLevelActivationLevel-30dBmReleaseLevel-45dBmOutput SignalLevelTimeHoldPhaseReleasePhaseAttackPhase31245
Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station6-42 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev K6.6.3.1 Using the RAU 10 dB Attenuation SettingEach RAU can, independently of the other RAUs in a system, have its uplink or downlink gain attenuated by 10dB.1 This is accomplished by selecting the check boxes in the Advanced RAU Settings dialog box. There are two check boxes: one for setting the downlink attenuation and another for setting the uplink attenuation.• Downlink AttenuationThe purpose of the downlink attenuator is to provide a mechanism to reduce the signal strength from an RAU. For instance, this could be for an RAU located near a window in a tall building that is causing excessive leakage to the macro-network. In such a case it is important to attenuate the downlink only. The uplink should not be attenuated. If the uplink is attenuated, the uplink sensitivity is reduced and mobile phones in the area of that RAU will have to transmit at a higher power. This would increase interference to the outdoor network from such mobiles.• Uplink AttenuationThe purpose of the uplink attenuator is to attenuate environmental noise picked up by an RAU located in an area where heavy electrical machinery is operating. In such environments the electrical noise can be quite high and it is useful to reduce the amount of such noise that gets propagated through the distributed antenna sys-tem. Attenuating the uplink of an RAU located in areas of high electrical noise helps preserve the sensitivity of the rest of the system.The effect of activating the uplink or downlink attenuators is to reduce the coverage area of the adjusted RAU. The coverage radius will be reduced by roughly a factor of 2. More specifically, if d is the coverage distance without attenuation and d’ is the coverage radius with the attenuation, thenwhere PLS is the path loss slope.1. With UMTS-2 RAU, a higher granularity of gain control is provided in 1dB increments, giving a better gain control and fine-tuning capability.PLSdBdd/1010'=
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-43D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALConnecting a Main Hub to a Base Station6.6.3.2 Using the Uplink ALC SettingUplink automatic level control (UL ALC) circuitry within the RAU provides auto-matic level control on high-power signals in the uplink path. This functionality is required to prevent RF signal compression caused by a single or multiple wireless devices that are in very close proximity to an RAU. Compression causes signal degra-dation and, ultimately, bit errors, and should be prevented. Two settings are available to optimize UL ALC performance:•Single Operator and Protocol: Use when only one operator and protocol is on-the-air within the Unison system’s configured and adjacent frequency bands (rarely used).•Multiple Operators: Use when more than one operator and/or protocol is present in the Unison system’s frequency or adjacent frequency bands (almost always used).Table 6-33 shows the frequency bands that are adjacent to the bands of which the sys-tem is configured.Table 6-33 Frequency Bands Adjacent to System Configured BandsSystem Configuration Adjacent BandsiDEN CellularCellular iDENPCS ADB PCS EPCS DBEF PCS A, PCS CPCS EFC PCS BPCS A4, A5, D, B, E FPCS A5, D, B, E, F CPCS D, B, E, F, C2 APCS B4, B5, E, F, C A1DCS 1 DCS 2, DCS 4DCS 2 DCS 1, DCS 4DCS4 DCS 1, DCS 2UMTS 1 UMTS 2, UMTS 3UMTS 2 UMTS 1, UMTS 3UMTS 3 UMTS 1, UMTS 2AWS1 AWS2AWS2 AWS1PS 700 iDEN
Designing for a Neutral Host System6-44 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev K6.7 Designing for a Neutral Host SystemDesigning for a neutral host system uses the same design rules previously explained. Since a neutral host system typically uses multiple systems in parallel with common equipment locations, it is best to design according to the minimum among the sys-tems’ RAU coverage distances so that there will not be holes in the coverage area, and so that the economies of a single installation can be achieved. For example, as indicated in Section 7.1, the 1900 MHz RF signals do not propagate throughout a building as well as the 800 MHz signals. Therefore, we design using the 1900 MHz radiated distance, calculated with the path loss slope formula.The example neutral host system described below consists of one iDEN, one 800 MHz, and two 1900 MHz systems and can support up to seven separate service pro-viders in the following manner:•1 on iDEN• 2 on 800 MHz, A band and B band• 2 in each of the two 1900 MHz frequency sub-bandsExample Unison Neutral Host SystemThe following example configuration was designed to provide:• Similar coverage per band in an office environment that is 80% cubicles and 20% offices.• Similar capacity.• Support for up to 7 Operators, where equipment has been shared to minimize the number of parallel systems.Example Configuration:• 800 MHz iDEN: 16 channels (3 dBm)• 800 MHz Cellular (3 dBm)TDMA Band: 14 channels (shared)CDMA Band: 3 channels (shared)• 1900 MHz PCS (6 dBm)TDMA Band: 14 channelsCDMA Band: 3 channels (shared)GSM Band: 6 channels (shared)
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-45D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALDesigning for a Neutral Host SystemSimilar coverage is achieved by setting the transmit power per carrier of the 800 MHz systems to 3 dBm per carrier and those of the 1900 MHz systems to 6 dBm per car-rier.The numbers of RF carriers were selected in order to match subscriber capacity approximately. Because each protocol in the example supports a different number of voice channels, the RF carrier numbers also differ. As Table 6-34 indicates, the 800 MHz Cellular and shared 1900 MHz systems can support additional RF carriers with-out decreasing the power per carrier figures.For logistical reasons, operators involved in a neutral host system sometimes prefer not to share equipment with other operators. From technical and economic perspec-tives, too, this can be a prudent practice in medium to high-capacity installations. Though deploying parallel systems appears to increase the amount of equipment needed as well as the system cost, the trade-off between capacity and coverage must be considered because, in short, as capacity increases, coverage area per RAU decreases. Therefore, more RAUs (and perhaps Expansion Hubs and Main Hubs) are needed to cover a given floor space.
Designing for a Neutral Host System6-46 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev KTable 6-34 shows the capacities of both 800 and 1900 MHz Unison systems used for single and multiple protocol applications. The power per carrier for each system is based on providing equal coverage areas for both systems when they are used in an office building that is 80% cubicles and 20% offices.Note 1The RF channel capacity limits are based on the Unison data sheets’ “typical” specifications for fiber length, Cat-5 length, and RF perfor-mance.Note 2The subscriber capacity limits are based on the Erlang B traffic model with a 2% GOS. Each user has a 50mErlangs, which is higher than the standard 35mErlangs.Table 6-34 Unison Capacity: Equal Coverage AreasOperator #1 Operator #2Protocol RF Chs Voice Chs Subscribers Protocol RF Chs Voice Chs Subscribers800 MHz Cellular A/B (Unison); 3 dBm power per carrierTDMA only 35 104 1837 N/A —— —CDMA only 12 180–240 3327–4517 N/A —— —TDMA (combining with CDMA: Operator #2)15 44 694 CDMA (combining with TDMA: Operator #1)10 150–200 2736–372320 59 974 7 105–140 1856–254025 74 1259 4 60–80 993–137428 83 1431 2 30–40 439–620800 MHz iDEN (Unison); 3 dBm power per carrieriDEN only 16 47 749 N/A —— —1900 MHz PCS (Unison); 6 dBm power per carrierTDMA only 14 41 638 N/A —— —CDMA only 10 150–200 2736–3723 N/A —— —GSM only 14 111 1973 N/A —— —TDMA(combining with CDMA: Operator #2)617 213 CDMA(combining with TDMA: Operator #1)4 60–80 993–13748 23 315 3 45–60 712–99310 29 421 2 30–40 439–62011 32 474 1 15–20 180–264TDMA(combining with GSM:Operator #2)617 213 GSM(combining with TDMA: Operator #1)755 899823 315 539 60210 29 421 3 23 31511 32 474 2 15 180CDMA(combining with GSM: Operator #2)2 30–40 439–620 GSM(combining with CDMA: Operator #1)10 79 13554 60–80 993–1374 7 55 8996 90–120 1566–2148 4 31 4578 120–200 2148–2933 1 7 59
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual 7-1D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALSECTION 7 Installing Unison7.1 Installation RequirementsBefore and during installation, keep in mind the following sources of potential prob-lems:• Faulty cabling/connector• Dirty connectors and ports• Malfunction of one or more Unison components• Antenna, base station, or repeater problem• External RF interface• Tripped circuit breaker• Equipment is not grounded• Using a Null modem cable that does not support full hardware handshaking when using AdminManagerNOTE: Faulty cabling is the cause of a majority of problems. All Cat-5E/6 cable should be tested to TIA/EIA 568-A specifications. The RAU will be damaged if the cable is not wired correctly.
Installation Requirements7-2 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev K7.1.1 Component Location RequirementsUnison components are intended to be installed in indoor locations only.7.1.2 Cable and Connector RequirementsThe Unison equipment operates over:• Category 5E or 6 (Cat-5E/6) screened twisted pair (ScTP) cable with shielded RJ-45 connectors• Single-mode fiber (SMF) or multi-mode fiber (MMF) cable with SC/APC fiber connectors throughout the fiber network, including fiber distribution panelsThese cables are widely used industry standards for Local Area Networks (LANs). The regulations and guidelines for Unison cable installation are identical to those specified by the TIA/EIA 568-A standard and the TIA/EIA/IS-729 supplement for LANs.LGC Wireless recommends plenum-rated Cat-5E/6 ScTP and fiber cable and connec-tors for conformity to building codes and standards.Belden 1533P DataTwist® Five ScTP cable, or equivalent is required for Cat-5E.Comscope® 5ES4/5ENS4 may also be used for Cat-5E.NOTE: In order to meet FCC and CE Mark emissions requirements, the Cat-5E/6 cable must be screened (ScTP) and it must be grounded using shielded RJ-45 con-nectors at both ends.7.1.3 Multiple Operator System RecommendationsAs in any Unison system, a multiple operator (neutral host) system requires one pair of fiber strands between each Main Hub and each Expansion Hub, and one Cat-5E/6 cable between each Expansion Hub and each RAU. In situations where Hubs and/or RAUs will be installed in the future to support the addition of frequency bands and/or wireless Operators, it is advantageous to install the necessary cabling initially. Such deployment typically leads to substantial cost savings over installing parallel cabling at separate times.7.1.4 Distance RequirementsTable 7-1 shows the distances between Unison components and related equipment.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-3D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALInstallation RequirementsTable 7-1 Unison Distance RequirementsEquipment Combination Cable Type Distance Additional InformationRepeater to Main Hub Coaxial; N male connectors 3–6 m (10–20 ft) typical Limited by loss and noise.Refer to your link budget calculation.10 m (33 ft) maximum Limited by CE Mark require-ments.Base Station to Main Hub Coaxial; N male connectors 3–6 m (10–20 ft) typical Limited by loss and noise.Refer to your link budgetcalculation.10 m (33 ft) maximum Limited by CE Mark require-ments.Main Hub to Expansion Hub Multi-mode Fiber:Single-mode Fiber:SC/APC male connectors1.5 km (4,921 ft) max.6 km (19,685 ft) max. Limited by 3 dB optical loss.Expansion Hub to RAU Cat-5E/6 ScTP; shielded RJ-45 male connectors• Minimum: 10 meters (33 ft)• Recommended Max.: 100 meters (328 ft)See Section 7.4.5 if using a Cat-5 ExtenderRefer to “System Gain (Loss) Relative to ScTP Cable Length” on page 6-23.RAU to passive antenna Coaxial; SMA male connectors 1–3.5 m (3–12 ft) typical Limited by loss and noise.Refer to your link budgetcalculation.
Safety Precautions7-4 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev K7.2 Safety Precautions7.2.1 Installation GuidelinesUse the following guidelines when installing LGC Wireless equipment:• Provide sufficient airflow and cooling to the equipment to prevent heat build-up from exceeding the maximum ambient air temperature specification. Do not com-promise the amount of airflow required for safe operation of the equipment.• If you are removing the system, turn it off and remove the power cord first. There are no user-serviceable parts inside the components.• The internal power supply has internal fuses that are not user replaceable. Consider the worst-case power consumption shown on the product labels when provisioning the equipment’s AC power source and distribution.7.2.2 General Safety PrecautionsThe following precautions apply to LGC Wireless products:• The units have no user-serviceable parts. Faulty or failed units are fully replaceable through LGC Wireless. Please contact LGC Wireless at:1-800-530-9960 (U.S. only)+1-408-952-2400 (International)• Although modeled after an Ethernet/LAN architecture and connectivity, the units are not intended to connect to Ethernet data hubs, routers, cards, or other similar data equipment.• When you connect the fiber optic cable, take the same precaution as if installing Ethernet network equipment. All optical fiber SC/APC connectors should be cleaned according to the cable manufacturer’s instructions.• When you connect a radiating antenna to an RAU, firmly hand-tighten the SMA female connector – DO NOT over-tighten the connector.WARNING: To reduce the risk of fire or electric shock, do not expose this equipment to rain or moisture. The components are intended for indoor use only. Do not install the RAU outdoors. Do not connect an RAU to an antenna that is located outside where it could be subject to lightning strikes, power crosses, or wind.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-5D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALSafety Precautions7.2.3 Fiber Port Safety PrecautionsThe following are suggested safety precautions for working with fiber ports. For information about system compliance with safety standards, refer to Appendix B.WARNING: Observe the following warning about viewing fiber ends in ports. Do not stare with unprotected eyes at the connector ends of the fibers or the ports of the hubs. Invisible infrared radia-tion is present at the front panel of the Main Hub and the Expansion Hub. Do not remove the fiber port dust caps unless the port is going to be used. Do not stare directly into a fiber port.•Test fiber cables: When you test fiber optic cables, connect the optical power source last and disconnect it first. Use Class 1 test equipment.•Fiber ends: Cover any unconnected fiber ends with an approved cap. Do not use tape.•Broken fiber cables: Do not stare with unprotected eyes at any broken ends of the fibers. Laser light emitted from fiber sources can cause eye injury. Avoid contact with broken fibers; they are sharp and can pierce the skin. Report any broken fiber cables and have them replaced.•Cleaning: Be sure the connectors are clean and free of dust or oils. Use only approved methods for cleaning optical fiber connectors.•Modifications: Do not make any unauthorized modifications to this fiber optic system or associated equipment.•Live work: Live work is permitted because LGC Wireless equipment is a Class 1 hazard.•Signs: No warning signs are required.•Class 1 laser product: The system meets the criteria for a Class 1 laser product per IEC 60825-1:1998-01 and IEC 60825-2:2000-05.In addition, it is certified by the FDA to meet 21CFR, Chapter 1, Subchapter J.•CAUTION: Use of controls or adjustments or performance of procedures other than those specified herein may result in hazardous radiation exposure.This label appears on the front panel of theMain Hub and the Expansion Hub.CLASS 1LASER PRODUCTThis example label of the Main Hub and a appears on the bottomsimilar one appearson the bottom of theExpansion Hub
Preparing for System Installation7-6 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev K7.3 Preparing for System Installation7.3.1 Pre-Installation InspectionFollow this procedure before installing Unison equipment:1. Verify the number of packages received against the packing list.2. Check all packages for external damage; report any external damage to the ship-ping carrier. If there is damage, a shipping agent should be present before you unpack and inspect the contents because damage caused during transit is the responsibility of the shipping agent.3. Open and check each package against the packing slip. If any items are missing, contact LGC Wireless customer service.4. If damage is discovered at the time of installation, contact the shipping agent.7.3.2 Installation ChecklistTable 7-2 Installation Checklist3Installation Requirement ConsiderationFloor Plans Installation location of equipment clearly markedSystem Design Used to verify frequency bands after installationPower available**:Main Hub (AC)Expansion Hub (AC)To RAU (DC)Power cord is 2 m (6.5 ft) long**.Rating: 100–240V, 0.5A, 50–60 HzRating: 115/230V, 5/2.5A, 50–60 Hz36V (from the Expansion Hub)Rack space available:Main HubExpansion Hub 44 mm (1.75 in.) high (1U)89 mm (3.5 in.) high (2U)Clearance for air circulation:Main and Expansion HubsRAU 76 mm (3 in.) front and rear, 51 mm (2 in.) sides76 mm (3 in.) all aroundSuitable operating environment**:Main and Expansion HubsRAUsIndoor location only0° to +45°C (+32° to +113°F)5% to 95% non-condensing humidity–25° to +45°C (–13° to +113°F)5% to 95% non-condensing humidityDonor Antenna-to-Unison ConfigurationDonor Antenna Installed, inspected; N-male to N-male coaxial cable to lightning arrestor/surge suppressorLightning Arrestor or Surge Suppressor Installed between roof-top antenna and repeater; N-male to N-male coaxial cableRepeater Installed between lightning arrestor/surge suppressor and Main Hub; N-male to N-male coaxial cable
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-7D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALPreparing for System InstallationAttenuator Installed between the circulator and the Main Hub downlink port to prevent overload. Optionally, it may be installed between the uplink port and the circula-torCirculator or Duplexer Installed between the repeater and the Main Hub uplink and downlink portsBase Station-to-Unison ConfigurationBase Station Verify RF power (refer to the tables in Section 6.1 on page 6-3); N-male to N-male coaxial cable; installed, inspectedAttenuator Attenuation may be required to achieve the desired RF output at the RAU and the desired uplink noise floor levelCirculator or Duplexer When using a duplex BTS: Installed between the BTS and the Main Hub uplink and downlink ports. Not used with a simplex BTS** For Japan, see separate addendum - Japan Specification Document - for power cord use.Connecting LGCell Main Hub(s) to a Unison Main Hub5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable (PN 4024-3) For normally closed (NC) contact alarm monitoring: connecting 2 to 21 LGCell Main Hubs to a Unison Main HubIf connecting LGCell to Unison, the Alarm Sense Adapter Cable is required to connect the daisy-chain cable to UnisonDo not combine LGCell Main Hubs with Unison Main Hubs in the same daisy chainAlarm Sense Adapter Cable(PN 4024-3) Use with 5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable to connect up to 21 LGCell Main Hubs to a Unison Main HubAlso, use this cable to connect a single LGCell Main Hub to a Unison Main HubConnecting Multiple Unison Main Hubs Together5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable (PN 4024-3) For normally closed (NC) contact alarm monitoring of fault and warning alarms. Use to feed the alarms from multiple Unison Main Hubs into a BTS or MetroReach FocusDo not combine Unison Main Hubs with LGCell Main Hubs in the same chain.CablingCoaxial: repeater or base station to Main Hub Coax approved; N-type male connectorsCoaxial: RAU to passive antennas Use low-loss cable; SMA male connector; typical 1 m (3.3 ft) using RG142 coaxial cableTable 7-2 Installation Checklist (continued)3Installation Requirement Consideration
Preparing for System Installation7-8 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev KFiber: Main Hub to Expansion Hubs SC/APC (angle-polished) male connectors for entire fiber run (can use SC/APC pigtails, PN 4012SCAPC-10 for MMF or 4013SCAPC-10 for SMF); Use jumper fiber cables for collocated Main and Expansion Hubs (3 m/10 ft):Multi-mode: PN 4010SCAPC-10Single-mode: PN: 4018SCAPC-10Distance limited by optical loss of 3 dB:Multi-mode: up to 1.5 km (4,921 ft);Single-mode: up to 6 km (19,685 ft)Cat-5E/6 ScTP: TIA/EIA 568-A approved; shielded RJ-45 male connectors. ScTP cable must be screened and it must be grounded at both connector endsTie-off cables to avoid damaging the connectors because of cable strainExpansion Hub to RAUs • Minimum: 10 meters (33 ft)• Recommended Maximum: 100 meters (328 ft)Cat-5E/6 ScTP: Expansion Hub to Cat-5 Extender to RAU**Configuring SystemPC/laptop running AdminManager software Refer to the AdminManager User Manual (PN 8810-10)MiscellaneousNull modem cable Female connectors; Main Hub to a PC/laptop that is running the AdminManager software; local connectionStraight-through cable Female/male connectors; Main Hub to a modem; remote connectionCat-5 Extender Used if Cat-5E/6 run(s) will exceed 100 metersDual-Band Diplexer Used in dual band systems to combine the output of a low-band RAU and a high-band RAU to a single dual band antennaDistancesMain Hub is within 3–6m (10–20 ft) of connecting repeater If longer distance, determine the loss of the cable used for this connection and adjust the RF signal into the Main Hub accordingly. This can be done by read-justing the power from the base station, or by changing the attenuation value between the base station/repeater and the Main HubMain Hub is within 3–6m (10–20 ft) of connecting base stationMain Hub is within correct distance of Expansion Hub(s); SMF and MMF optical link budget: 3 dBTable 7-2 Installation Checklist (continued)3Installation Requirement ConsiderationMinimum Cat-5E/6 Cable Length from Expansion Hub to ExtenderMinimum Cat-5E/6 Cable Length from Extender to RAUMaximum Total Cat-5E/6 Cable Length from Expansion Hub to RAU90 meters295 feet20 meters65 feet110 to 170 meters360 to 557 feet** For Japan, see separate addendum - Japan Specification Document.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-9D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALPreparing for System Installation7.3.3 Tools and Materials Required7.3.4 Optional AccessoriesTable 7-3 Tools and Materials Required for Component Installation3DescriptionCable tiesPhillips screwdriver7-inch lb. torch wrenchMounting screws and spring nutsFiber cleaning supplies: compressed air; isopropyl alcohol; lint-free cloths;2.5mm lint-free, foam tipped swabs;Compressed airScrews, anchors (for mounting RAUs)DrillFiber connector cleaning kitFusion splicerSplicing tool kit (including: snips, cladding strippers, fiber cleaver, isopropyl alcohol, lint-free wipes)Fusion splicing sleevesTable 7-4 Optional Accessories for Component Installation 3DescriptionWall-mount equipment rack(s) (PN 4712)Note that if using this rack with an Expansion Hub, the Hub’s mounting bracket must be moved to the center mounting position.Cable management (Cable manager: PN 4759; Tie wrap bar: PN 4757)Splice traysPigtails with SC/APC connectors, 3 m (10 ft):Multi-mode Fiber SC/APC Pigtail (PN 4012SCAPC-10)Single-mode Fiber SC/APC Pigtail (PN 4013SCAPC-10)Jumper cable when Main and Expansion Hubs are collocated, 3 m (10 ft):Single-mode Fiber SC/APC (PN 4018SCAPC-10)Teltone Line Sharing Switch (M-394-B-01)When using a single POTS line with multiple Main Hub/Modems: Connect up to four modems to a line sharing switch; can cascade switches to accommodate up to 16 modems per POTS line
Preparing for System Installation7-10 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev KAlarm Cables:5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable (PN 4024-3)Alarm Sense Adapter Cable (PN 4025-1)RAU Dust Cover (PN UNS-1RDP-1)Table 7-4 Optional Accessories for Component Installation  (continued)3Description
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-11D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALUnison Component Installation Procedures7.4 Unison Component Installation ProceduresThe following procedures assume that the system is new from the factory.If you are replacing components in a pre-installed system with either new units or units that may already be programmed (that is, re-using units from another system), refer to Section 8.• Installing a Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-13• Installing a Main Hub in a Rack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-13• Installing an Optional Cable Manager in the Rack   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-13• Connecting the Fiber Cables to the Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-14• Installing Expansion Hubs  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-18• Installing an Expansion Hub in a Rack   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-18• Installing an Expansion Hub in a Wall-Mounted Rack  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-18• Installing an Optional Cable Manager in the Rack   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-19• Powering On the Expansion Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-19• Connecting the Fiber Cables to the Expansion Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-20• Connecting the ScTP Cables  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-21• Troubleshooting Expansion Hub LEDs During Installation   . . . . . . . . . . . 7-22• Installing RAUs  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-23• Installing RAUs  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-23• Installing Passive Antennas  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-23• Connecting the Antenna to the RAU  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-25• Connecting the ScTP Cable  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-25• Troubleshooting RAU LEDs During Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-26• Installing RAUs in a Dual Band System  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-27• Connecting the Antenna to the Dual Band Diplexer  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-29• Configuring the System  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-30• Configuring the Installed System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-31The following procedure is for splicing pigtails to fiber cable.• Splicing Fiber Optic Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-33• Fusion Splicing of Fiber and Pigtail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-33
Unison Component Installation Procedures7-12 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev KThe following procedures assume that the system is installed and programmed.• Interfacing a Main Hub to a Base Station or a Roof-top Antenna . . . . . . . . . . 7-35• Connecting a Main Hub to an In-Building Base Station  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-35• Connecting a Main Hub to Multiple Base Stations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-37• Connecting a Main Hub to a Roof-top Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-37• Connecting Multiple Main Hubs  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-38• Connecting Multiple Main Hubs to a Simplex Repeater or Base Station  . 7-38• Connecting Multiple Main Hubs to a Duplex Repeater or Base Station  . . 7-40• Connecting Contact Alarms to a Unison System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-42• Alarm Source  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-43• Alarm Sense  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-46• Alarm Cables  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-49• Alarm Monitoring Connectivity Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-51• Direct Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-51• Modem Connection   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-52• RS-232 Port Expander Connection   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-53• POTS Line Sharing Switch Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-54• Ethernet and ENET/RS-232 Serial Hub Connection  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-55
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-13D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALUnison Component Installation Procedures7.4.1 Installing a Main HubCAUTION: Install Main Hubs in indoor locations only.Installing a Main Hub in a RackInstall the Main Hub (1U high) in a standard 19 in. (483 mm) equipment rack. Allow clearance of 76 mm (3 in.) front and rear, and 51 mm (2 in.) on both sides for air cir-culation. No top and bottom clearance is required.Consideration:• The Main Hub is shipped with #10-32 mounting screws. Another common rack thread is #12-24. Confirm that the mounting screws match the rack’s threads.To install the hub in a rack:1. Insert spring nuts into the rack where needed or use existing threaded holes.2. Place the Main Hub into the rack from the front.3. Align the flange holes with the spring nuts installed in Step 1.4. Insert the mounting screws in the appropriate positions in the rack.5. Tighten the mounting screws.Rack-mounting OptionYou can flip the rack mounting brackets, as shown in Figure 7-1, so the hub can be mounted 76 mm (3 in.) forward in the rack.Figure 7-1 Mounting Bracket DetailInstalling an Optional Cable Manager in the Rack• Using the screws provided, fasten the cable manager to the rack, immediately above or below the Main Hub.
Unison Component Installation Procedures7-14 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev KConnecting the Fiber Cables to the Main HubConsiderations:• Before connecting the fiber cables, confirm that their optical loss does not exceed the 3 dB optical budget.• If you are using fiber distribution panels, confirm that the total optical loss of fiber cable, from the Main Hub through distribution panels and patch cords to the Expansion Hub, does not exceed the optical budget.• Make sure the fiber cable’s connectors are SC/APC (angle-polished). Using any other connector type will result in degraded system performance and may damage the equipment. (You can use an SC/APC pigtail if the fiber cable’s connectors are not SC/APC. Refer to“Fusion Splicing of Fiber and Pigtail” on page 7-33. Or, you can change the fiber’s connector to SC/APC.)NOTE: Observe all Fiber Port Safety Precautions listed in Section 7.2.3 on page 7-5.To clean the fiber ports:You can clean the Hub’s fiber ports using canned compressed air or isopropyl alcohol and foam tipped swabs.Considerations:• If using compressed air:• The air must be free of dust, water, and oil.• Hold the can level during use.• If using isopropyl alcohol and foam tipped swabs:• Use only 98% pure or more alcoholProcedure using compressed air:1. Remove the port’s dust cap.2. Spray the compressed air away from the unit for a few seconds to clean out the nozzle and then blow dust particles out of each fiber port.Procedure using isopropyl alcohol:1. Remove the connector’s dust cap.2. Dip a 2.5mm lint-free, foam-tipped swab in isopropyl alcohol and slowly insert the tip into the connector.3. Gently twist the swab to clean the port.4. Insert a dry swab into the port to dry it.Additionally, you can use compressed air after the alcohol has completely evapo-rated.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-15D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALUnison Component Installation ProceduresTo clean the fiber ends:Be sure that the fiber cable’s SC/APC connectors are clean and free of dust and oils. You need lint-free cloths, isopropyl alcohol, and compressed air1. Moisten a lint-free cloth with isopropyl alcohol.2. Gently wipe the fiber end with the moistened cloth.3. Using a dry lint-free cloth, gently wipe the fiber end.4. Spray the compressed air away from the connector for a few seconds to clean out the nozzle and then use it to completely dry the connector.To test the fiber cables:Perform cable testing and record the results. Test results are required for the final As-Built Document.To connect the fiber cables:The fiber cable is labeled with either 1 or 2, or is color-coded. In addition to these labels, you should add a code that identifies which port on the Main Hub is being used and which Expansion Hub the cables are intended for. This differentiates the connectors for proper connection between the Main Hub and Expansion Hubs.For example:First pair to Main Hub port 1: 11 (uplink), 12 (downlink); Second pair to Main Hub port 2: 21 (uplink), 22 (downlink); Third pair to Main Hub port 3: 31 (uplink), 32 (downlink); and so on.If the fiber jumper is labeled with 1 or 2:1. Connect 1s to UPLINK ports on the Main Hub.2. Connect 2s to DOWNLINK ports on the Main Hub.3. Record which cable number and port number you connected to UPLINK and DOWNLINK.This information is needed when connecting the other end of the fiber cable to the Expansion Hub’s fiber ports.The fiber port LEDs should be off, indicating that the Expansion Hub(s) are not connected.If the fiber jumper is color-coded (for example, “blue” or “red”):1. Connect “blue” to UPLINK ports on the Main Hub.2. Connect “red” to DOWNLINK ports on the Main Hub.3. Record which color and port number you connected to UPLINK and DOWNLINK.This information is needed when connecting the other end of the fiber cable to the Expansion Hub’s fiber ports.The fiber port LEDs should be off, indicating that the Expansion Hub(s) are not connected.
Unison Component Installation Procedures7-16 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev KPowering On the Main Hub1. Connect the AC power cord to the Main Hub.2. Plug the power cord into an AC power outlet.3. Turn on the power to the Main Hub and check that all the LED lamps are func-tioning properly.Upon power-up, the LEDs blinks for five seconds as a visual check that they are functioning. After the five-second test:LED states during power on will vary, depending on whether Expansion Hubs are connected. Refer to Table 7-5 for possible combinations.Table 7-5 Troubleshooting Main Hub LEDs During InstallationDuringInstallation Power On LED State Action Impact1.Main Hub power is On with no Expansion Hubs con-nected.POWEROff Check AC power; check that the Main Hub power-on switch is on; replace the Main Hub The Main Hub is not powering on.POWER Red Replace the Main Hub The power supply is out-of-specification.LINKLEDs are on but they didn’t blink through all statesReplace the Main Hub. The micro controller is not resetting properly; flash memory cor-rupted.E-HUB/RAULINKRed The port is unusable; replace the Main Hub when possible. Fiber sensor fault, do not use the port.E-HUB/RAUOff
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-17D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALUnison Component Installation Procedures7.4.1.1 Installing Main Hubs in a Multiple Operator SystemInstalling Main Hubs in a multiple operator system is the same as described in Section 7.4.1 on page 7-13.We recommend mounting all multiple operator system Main Hubs in the same rack(s), grouped by frequency or wireless carrier. For example, group the Main Hubs for the 800 MHz cellular bands together, and so on.Connecting to base stations and repeaters is the same as described in Section 7.6 on page 7-35 and Section 7.6.1 on page 7-38.2.Main Hub power is On with Expansion Hubs con-nected and powered on.LINKOff • If the port LEDs do not illuminate, check the fiber uplink for excessive optical loss.• If Expansion Hub’s DL STATUS LED is red:• Verify that the fiber is connected to the correct port (that is, uplink/downlink)• Swap the uplink and downlink cables.• Connect the fiber pair to another port. If the sec-ond port’s LEDs do not illuminate Green/Red, replace the Main Hub.• If the second port works, flag the first port as unusable; replace the Main Hub when possible.No uplink optical power, the Expansion Hub is not recognized as being present.No communication with the Expansion Hub.E-HUB/RAUOffLINKRed • If the Expansion Hub DL STATUS LED is red, check the downlink fiber cable for excessive opti-cal loss.• Connect the fiber pair to another port. If the sec-ond port’s LEDs do not illuminate Green/Red, replace the Main Hub.• If the second port works, flag the first port as unusable; replace the Main Hub when possible.No communication with the Expansion Hub.E-HUB/RAUOffLINKGreen The Expansion Hub or connected RAU reports a faultUse AdminManager to determine the problem.The Expansion Hub or one or more RAUs are off-line.E-HUB/RAURedTable 7-5 Troubleshooting Main Hub LEDs During Installation (continued)DuringInstallation Power On LED State Action Impact
Unison Component Installation Procedures7-18 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev K7.4.2 Installing Expansion HubsThe Expansion Hub (2U high) can be installed in a standard 19 in. (483 mm) equip-ment rack or in a wall-mountable equipment rack that is available from LGC Wire-less. Allow a clearance of 76 mm (3 in.) front and rear and 51 mm (2 in.) sides for air circulation. No top and bottom clearance is required.Install the Expansion Hub in a horizontal position only.CAUTION: Install Expansion Hubs in indoor locations only.Installing an Expansion Hub in a RackConsideration:• The Expansion Hub is shipped with #10-32 mounting screws. Another common rack thread is #12-24. Confirm that the mounting screws match the rack’s threads.• If you want to move the mounting brackets to a mid-mounting position, refer to Installing an Expansion Hub in a Wall-Mounted Rack on page 7-18.To install the hub in a rack:1. Insert spring nuts into the rack where needed or use existing threaded holes.2. Place the Expansion Hub into the rack from the front.3. Align the flange holes with the spring nuts installed in Step 1.4. Insert the mounting screws in the appropriate positions in the rack.5. Tighten the mounting screws.Installing an Expansion Hub in a Wall-Mounted RackConsiderations:• The rack and the Expansion Hub are both 305 mm (12 in.) deep. You must move the rack mounting brackets on the Expansion Hub to the center mounting position to allow for the 76 mm (3 in.) rear clearance that is required.• The maximum weight the rack can hold is 22.5 kg (50 lbs).To install the hub in a wall-mounted rack:1. Attach the equipment rack to the wall using the screws that are provided.The rack must be positioned so that the Expansion Hub will be in a horizontal position when it is installed.2. Remove both of the rack mounting brackets from the hub.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-19D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALUnison Component Installation Procedures3. Reattach each of the rack mounting brackets to the opposite side of the hub from which it came.Refer to Figure 7-2 for bracket placement.Figure 7-2 Mounting Bracket Installation4. Attach the Expansion Hub to the rack.NOTE: Leave the dust caps on the fiber ports until you are ready to connect the fiber optic cables.Installing an Optional Cable Manager in the Rack• Using the screws provided, fasten the cable manager to the rack, immediately above or below the Expansion Hub.Powering On the Expansion Hub1. Connect the AC power cord to the Expansion Hub.2. Plug the power cord into an AC power outlet.3. Turn on the power to the Expansion Hub and check that all the LED lamps are functioning properly.Upon power-up, the LEDs blinks for five seconds as a visual check that they are functioning. After the five-second test:• The POWER and UL STATUS LEDs should be green.– If the uplink fiber is not connected within 90 seconds after the test, the UL STATUS LED will turn red indicating that there is no communication with the Main Hub.Right Rack Mounting Bracket as installed from the factory.Left Rack Mounting Bracket installed onthe right side of the hub.3''3.5''3''3.5''
Unison Component Installation Procedures7-20 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev K• The E-HUB STATUS and DL STATUS LEDs should be red.• All port LEDs should be off because no RAUs are connected yet.Connecting the Fiber Cables to the Expansion HubConsiderations:• Before connecting the fiber cables, confirm that their optical loss does not exceed 3 dB optical budget. RL is less than -60dB.• If fiber distribution panels are used, confirm that the total optical loss of fiber cable, from the Main Hub through distribution panels and patch cords to the Expansion Hub, does not exceed the optical budget.• Make sure the fiber cable’s connectors are SC/APC (angle-polished).Using any other connector type will result in degraded system performance and may damage the equipment. (You can use an SC/APC pigtail if the fiber cable’s connectors are not SC/APC, refer to “Fusion Splicing of Fiber and Pigtail” on page 7-33, or replace the connectors.)NOTE: Observe all Fiber Port Safety Precautions listed in Section 7.2.3 on page 7-5.To connect the fiber cables:The fiber cable is labeled with either 1 or 2, or is color-coded. For proper connection between the Main Hub ports and the Expansion Hub ports, refer to the numbering or color-coded connections you recorded when installing the Expansion Hub(s).If the fiber jumper is labeled with 1 or 2:1. Connect 1 to DOWNLINK on Expansion Hub.The DL STATUS LED should turn green as soon as you connect the fiber. If it does not, there is a downlink problem. Make sure you are connecting the correct cable to the port.2. Connect 2 to UPLINK on Expansion Hub.The UL STATUS LED turns green on the first Main Hub communication. It may take up to 20 seconds to establish communication.The Expansion Hub’s E-HUB STATUS LED turns green when the Main Hub sends it the frequency band command.If the UL STATUS and E-HUB STATUS LEDs do not turn green/green, check the Main Hub LEDs. Refer to page 7-16, item 2 in Table 7-5.If the fiber jumper is color-coded (for example, “blue” or “red”):1. Connect “blue” to DOWNLINK on Expansion Hub.The DL STATUS LED should turn green as soon as you connect the fiber. If it does not, there is a downlink problem. Make sure you are connecting the correct cable to the port.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-21D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALUnison Component Installation Procedures2. Connect “red” to UPLINK on Expansion Hub.The UL STATUS LED turns green on the first Main Hub communication. It may take up to 20 seconds to establish communication.The Expansion Hub’s E-HUB STATUS LED turns green when the Main Hub sends it the frequency band command.If the UL STATUS and E-HUB STATUS LEDs do not turn green/green, check the Main Hub LEDs. See page 7-16, item 2 in Table 7-5.Connecting the ScTP CablesConsideration:• Verify that the cable has been tested and the test results are recorded.To test and connect the ScTP cable:1. Perform cable testing.Test results are required for the final As-Built Document.Cable length:– Minimum: 10 m (33 ft)– Recommended Maximum: 100 m (328 ft)– Absolute Maximum: 150 m (492 ft)If you are using a Cat-5 Extender, the cable length maximum is 170 m (557 feet). (Refer to Section 7.4.5 on page 7-29.)2. Label both ends of each cable with which RJ-45 port you’re using.3. Connect the ScTP cables to any available RJ-45 port on the Expansion Hub.The LINK and RAU LEDs should be off because the RAU is not connected.4. Record which cable you are connecting to which port.This information is required for the As-Built Document.5. Tie-off cables or use the optional cable manager to avoid damaging the connectors because of cable strain.
Unison Component Installation Procedures7-22 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev K7.4.2.1 Troubleshooting Expansion Hub LEDs During Installation• All Expansion Hub LINK and E-HUB/RAU LEDs with RAUs connected should indi-cate Green/Red. This indicates that the RAU is powered on and communication has been established.• The Expansion Hub UL STATUS LED should be Green.Table 7-6 Troubleshooting Expansion Hub LEDs During InstallationDuringInstallation LED State Action Impact1. Expansion Hub power is On and no RAUs are connectedPOWER Off Check AC power; make sure the Expansion Hub power-on switch is on; replace the Expansion Hub.The Expansion Hub is not powering on.LINK LEDs are on but didn’t blink through all states.Replace the Expansion Hub. The Microcontroller is not resetting properly; flash memory corrupted.RAULINK Red Port unusable; replace the Expan-sion Hub when possible. Current sensor fault; do not use the port.RAU OffUL STATUS Red, after power-up blink Replace the Expansion Hub. The Expansion Hub laser is not operational; no uplink between the Expansion Hub and Main Hub.UL STATUSRed from green after 90 second power-up blink, the cable was connected within 90 seconds of power up.Check the Main Hub LEDsRefer to page 7-16, item 2 in Table 7-5.No communication with Main Hub.DL STATUS Red Check the downlink fiber for opti-cal power; verify that the cables are connected to correct ports (that is, uplink/downlink)Check the Main Hub LEDs. Refer to page 7-16, item 2 in Table 7-5.No downlink between the Expansion Hub and Main Hub.2. Expansion Hub power is On and RAUs are connectedLINK Off Check the Cat-5E/6 cable.Check the Cat-5 Extender if one is being used.Power is not getting to the RAU.RAU OffLINK Red Test the Cat-5E/6 cable. If the cable tests OK, try another port. If the second port’s LEDs are Red/Off, replace the RAU. If the second RAU doesn’t work; replace the Expansion Hub.Check the Cat-5 Extender if one is being used.Power levels to RAU are not correct; communications are not established.If the second port works, flag the first port as unusable; replace EH when possible.RAU OffLINK Green Use AdminManager to determine the problem. RAU is off-line.RAU Red
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-23D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALUnison Component Installation Procedures7.4.2.2 Installing Expansion Hubs in a Multiple Operator SystemInstalling Expansion Hubs in a multiple operator system is the same as described in Section 7.4.2 on page 7-18.If rack-mounting the Expansion Hubs, we recommend mounting all multiple operator system hubs in the same rack(s) or location, grouped by frequency or carrier. For example, group the Expansion Hubs for iDEN together, then the 800 MHz cellular bands, and so on.7.4.3 Installing RAUsCAUTION: Install RAUs in indoor locations only. Do not connect an antenna that is installed in an outdoor location to an RAU.Installing RAUsMount all RAUs in the locations marked on the floor plans.Considerations:•Install iDEN and 800 MHz Cellular RAUs so that their antennas are apart enough to reduce signal interference between the two bands. Refer to Section , “800 MHz Isolation Requirements,” on page 7-23 for recommended distance between anten-nas.• Attach the RAU securely to a stationary object (that is, wall, pole, ceiling tile).• For proper ventilation:• Keep at least 76 mm (3 in.) clearance around the RAU to ensure proper venting. Do not stack RAUs on top of each other.• Always mount the RAU with the solid face against the mounting surface.Installing Passive AntennasRefer to the manufacturer’s installation instructions to install passive antennas.LocationPassive antennas are usually installed below the ceiling. If they are installed above the ceiling, the additional loss due to the ceiling material must be considered when estimating the antenna coverage area.800 MHz Isolation RequirementsWhen deploying any RF system, give special attention to preventing receiver block-ing or desensitization by out-of-band transmitters. Typically, sharp filters in the receiver front-end will reduce the interfering transmitters to tolerable levels. In select
Unison Component Installation Procedures7-24 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev Kcases, the interferers may occupy a frequency band that is directly adjacent to the receiving band and cannot be adequately rejected by filtering. The only recourse in these situations is to provide sufficient isolation by physically separating the interfer-ing transmitters and receivers.iDEN occupies spectrum at both 800 MHz and 900 MHz (Tx:806–825/Rx:851–870 and Tx:896–901/Rx:935–940), while the Cellular A and B carriers share a single 800 MHz block (Tx:869–894/Rx:824–849). The combination of these frequency bands, 800/900 MHz iDEN and 800 MHz Cellular, result in uplink (BTS receive) bands that are adjacent to downlink (BTS transmit) bands. Figure 7-3 depicts these nearly con-tiguous bands, with arrows indicating the interfering downlink and receiving uplink bands.Figure 7-3 800 MHz SpectrumInstallation of an in-building distributed antenna system (DAS) to provide coverage for both 800/900 MHz iDEN and 800 MHz Cellular must account for these down-link-to-uplink interference issues and provide adequate isolation. LGC offers the following guidelines toward achieving the proper amount of isolation when deploying LGC Wireless Unison DAS products.Figure 7-4 Guideline for Unison RAU Antenna Placement800 MHz iDEN Downlink & 800 MHz Cellular UplinkA 2 MHz frequency gap (851 – 849 MHz) separates the 800 iDEN downlink and 800 Cellular uplink frequency bands. Because of this narrow spacing, 800 iDEN down-
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-25D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALUnison Component Installation Procedureslink intermodulation products may fall within the 800 Cellular uplink band. In addi-tion, 800 iDEN downlink signals near the lower edge of the band at 851 MHz may cause the 800 Cellular uplink automatic level control (ALC) circuitry in the RAU to engage and thereby reduce uplink gain.To prevent either of these conditions, use the following guidelines:• In-band 800 iDEN intermodulation products < -90dBm• Lower frequency 800 iDEN signals < –30dBm for UnisonGiven a typical DAS configuration (4 iDEN carriers, omni-directional antennas, line of sight), these guidelines translate to an antenna spacing (d1) of 6–9 meters for Uni-son.800 MHz Cellular Downlink & 900 MHz iDEN UplinkA 2 MHz frequency gap (896 – 894 MHz) separates the 800 Cellular downlink and 900 iDEN uplink frequency bands. Because of this narrow spacing, 800 Cellular downlink intermodulation products may fall within the 900 iDEN uplink band. In addition, 800 Cellular downlink signals near the upper edge of the band at 894 MHz may cause the 900 iDEN uplink ALC to engage and thereby reduce uplink gain.To prevent either of these conditions, use the following guidelines:• In-band 800 Cellular intermodulation products < -90dBm• Upper frequency 800 Cellular signals < –30dBm for UnisonGiven a typical DAS configuration (6 CDMA carriers for Unison, omni-directional antennas, line of sight), these guidelines translate to an antenna spacing (d2) of 8-14 meters for Unison.Connecting the Antenna to the RAUConnect a passive antenna to the SMA male connector on the RAU using coaxial cable with the least amount of loss possible.CAUTION: Firmly hand-tighten the SMA female connector – DO NOT over-tighten the connector.Connecting the ScTP CableConsideration:• Verify that the cable has been tested and the test results are recorded.To connect the ScTP cable:• Connect the cable to the RJ-45 female port on the RAU.
Unison Component Installation Procedures7-26 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev KPower is supplied by the Expansion Hub. Upon power up, the LEDs blinks for two seconds as a visual check that they are functioning. After the two-second test:• The LINK LED should be green indicating that it is receiving power and com-munications from the Expansion Hub.• The ALARM LED should be red until the Main Hub issues the band command, within about 20 seconds, then it should be green.7.4.3.1 Troubleshooting RAU LEDs During Installation• The LINK and ALARM LEDs should be green, and remain green for longer than 90 seconds. The ALARM LED will be red if the system band has not been pro-grammed.7.4.3.2 Installing RAUs in a Multiple Operator SystemWhen installing both iDEN and Cellular systems in parallel, either as dual-band or multiple operator systems, you must take special provision to assure that the individ-ual RAUs do not interfere with each other.The 800 MHz Cellular and iDEN RAU’s antennas must be separated by 6 to 8 meters (20 to 26 feet) to assure that the iDEN downlink signals do not interfere with the Cellular uplink signals.Table 7-7 Troubleshooting RAU LEDs During InstallationDuringInstallation LED State Action Impact1. The RAU is con-nected to the Expansion Hub, which is powered onLINK Off Check the Cat-5E/6 cable. No power to RAU.ALARM OffLINK Green • Check the Cat-5E/6 cable.• Check Expansion Hub LEDsRefer to page 7-22, item 2 in Table 7-6.• Use AdminManager to determine the problem.RAU is off-line.ALARM RedLINK Red from green, after the cables are connected for 60 seconds• Check the Cat-5E/6 cable• Check the Expansion Hub LEDsRefer to page 7-22, item 2 in Table 7-6.• Use AdminManager to determine the problem.No communications between the RAU and the Expansion Hub.ALARM Red
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-27D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALUnison Component Installation Procedures7.4.4 Installing a Dual-Band RAU Configuration7.4.4.1 Using Dual-Band Diplexer CAUTION: Install RAUs and diplexers in indoor locations only. Do not connect an antenna that is installed in an outdoor location.Dual band RAU configuration consists of:• 1 higher band RAU• 1 lower band RAU• 1 Dual-Band Diplexer (PN #DIPX1-1)• 2 coaxial cables, 3 ft. long (PN #4005-3)Installing RAUs in a Dual Band SystemUse a Dual-Band Diplexer to combine the output of a low-band RAU and a high-band RAU to a single dual band antenna.Considerations:• The Diplexer will have a high loss when it is connected incorrectly. When using it with the Unison system, incorrect connections may trigger the Antenna Disconnect alarm.• When using the Dual-Band Diplexer, the Unison system Antenna Disconnect alarm can detect if the cable is disconnected or cut between the RAU and the Diplexer. This alarm, however, cannot detect it if the cable is disconnected or cut between the Diplexer and the antenna.Figure 7-5 shows the RAU configuration in a dual band system. It consists of two RAUs, one for upper band and one for lower band, a diplexer and two 3 ft. coaxial cables.
Unison Component Installation Procedures7-28 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev KFigure 7-5 Dual Band RAU ConfigurationTo connect the RAUs and Dual Band Diplexer for a dual band system:UnisonRAUUnisonRAUDual BandDiplexerCat-5E/6 from Expansion HubCat-5E/6 from Expansion HubAntenna3 ft. coaxial cable3 ft. coaxial cableDual Band Diplexer1. Verify that the Unison system is powered on.2. Attach the Diplexer to a stable surface (that is, wall, ceiling tile, pole).Do not mount the Diplexer on top of an RAU.3. Attach the two RAUs to a stable surface within 2.5 ft. of the Diplexer (do not stack the RAUs on top of each other).4. Connect the Cat-5E/6 cable coming from the Unison lower band system (that is, system band below 1 GHZ) to the correct RAU.The LINK LED on the RAU should be green.5. Connect the Cat-5E/6 cable coming from the Unison upper band system (that is, system band above 1 GHZ) to the correct RAU.The LINK LED on the RAU should be green.6. Connect a coaxial cable to the antenna ports on each of the RAUs.The recommended coaxial cable (PN 4005-3) is 3 ft. long.7. Connect the coaxial cable coming from the Unison lower band system (that is, system band below 1 GHZ) to the Diplexer port labeled “LOWER BAND.”8. Connect the coaxial cable coming from the Unison upper band system (that is, system band above 1 GHZ) to the Diplexer port labeled “UPPER BAND.”9. Connect a coaxial cable from the dual band antenna to the Diplexer port labeled “ANTENNA.”
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-29D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALUnison Component Installation ProceduresConnecting the Antenna to the Dual Band DiplexerConnect a single passive antenna to the Dual Band Diplexer’s “Antenna” SMA con-nector using coaxial cable with the least amount of loss possible.CAUTION:Firmly hand-tighten the SMA female connector – DO NOT over-tighten the connector.7.4.4.2 Using Dual-Port AntennaConnect both RAUs directly to a dual-port, dual-band antenna.Figure 7-6 Dual-Port Antenna Configuration7.4.5 Using a Cat-5 ExtenderThe Cat-5 Extender (PN #UNS-EX170-1)** increases the maximum length of the Cat-5E/6 ScTP cable run that connects the Expansion Hub to the RAU from 100 meters to 170 meters. The minimum cable length between the Hub and Extender is 90 meters and the minimum length between the Extender and RAU is 20 meters. Beyond the minimum lengths, an additional 60 meters of cable, maximum of 170 meters total, can be inserted before or after the Extender.Table 7-8 shows the minimum and maximum cable lengths that must be met:UnisonRAUUnisonRAUCat-5E/6 from Expansion HubCat-5E/6 from Expansion HubAntenna3 ft. coaxial cable3 ft. coaxial cableExpansionHubUnisonCat-5E/6 ScTP Cable90 meters minimumUnison Cat-5ExtenderCat-5E/6 ScTP Cable20 meters minimum170 meters maximumRAU295 feet minimum 65 feet minimum557 feet maximum** For Japan, refer to the separate addendum - Japan Specification Document.
Unison Component Installation Procedures7-30 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev KTable 7-8 Maximum/Minimum Cable LengthsInstalling a Cat-5 ExtenderPower is transported from the Unison system to the Cat-5 Extender using the Cat-5E/6 cable. No power comes from the RAU. Although the bottom LED on the Cat-5 Extender lights green when the cable is connected to either port, it is only pro-viding power when it is correctly inserted into the port labeled “TO UNISON HUB.” (Note that the top LED is disabled and will not light.)1. Verify that the Unison system is powered on and that the Cat-5E/6 cable is con-nected into the appropriate port.2. At the Cat-5 Extender site, plug the Cat-5E/6 cable coming from the Unison sys-tem into the Extender port labeled “TO UNISON HUB.” The Extender’s bottom LED should light green if the Expansion Hub is powered on. 3. Connect the Cat-5E/6 cable going to the RAU into the other port, which is labeled “TO RAU.”CAUTION:Ensure that the cables are connected to the correct ports. Otherwise, you may damage the RAU.If the bottom LED does not light after you have verified that the Cat-5E/6 cable from the Unison system is plugged into the port called “TO UNISON HUB,” then the Uni-son system may not be powered on, the Cat-5E/6 cable may be cut/broken, or there is a problem with the Extender. Verify that the Unison system is connected to AC power and the power switch is in the ON position.7.4.6 Configuring the SystemMin. Cat-5E/6 Cable Length from Unison Hub to ExtenderMin. Cat-5E/6 Cable Length from Extender to RAUMax. Cat-5E/6 Cable Length from Unison Hub to RAU90 meters (295 feet) 20 meters (65 feet) 170 meters (557 feet)
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-31D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALUnison Component Installation ProceduresConfiguring the Installed SystemConsiderations:• The AdminManager PC/laptop is connected to the Main Hub.• The AdminManager software is started.• All system components are installed and powered on.To configure an installed system:1. Turn on the PC and start AdminManager.The AdminManager main window appears.2. Disable alarm filtering. Use View, Preferences and select “Enable faults, warn-ings, and status messages.”3. Select Settings from the Connection menu item.The Connection Settings dialog box appears.4. Enter the COM Port in the text box.5. Select the Connection Type from the drop-down menu. LGC recommends using Auto Detect if unsure.6. Click OK.7. Press the Enter key to initiate the connection.When the connection is made, a hierarchical system tree is displayed in the left pane of the window. The following icons are displayed indicated that the fre-quency band is not programmed:If the system tree is not displayed, press F5 key to refresh the tree display.8. Right-click on the Main Hub icon and select Install/Configure System.
Unison Component Installation Procedures7-32 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev KThe System Configuration window appears.9. Select the operating band from the Select Band pull down menu.The operating band must match the band of the RAUs that are used in the system.10. Change the System Gain in the text boxes, if desired.The default is 0 dB for both the uplink and downlink.11. Change the System Label, if desired.The default is “Unison.”12. Click OK.During configuration, which can take several minutes for a fully-loaded system (that is, 32 RAUs), all disconnect status are cleared; the frequency band, gain, and system label are set; logs are cleared; the system test is performed; and finally the status tree is refreshed. The icons should be:Indicating that the band is correctly set.Indicating that communications are OK.Indicating that communications are OK.If there are problems, the icons are different and a message is displayed in the Messages pane.The Unison system should now be operational. Using a mobile phone, walk your site and test the signal strength.NOTE: Refer to Section 9 for troubleshooting.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-33D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALSplicing Fiber Optic Cable7.5 Splicing Fiber Optic CableThe fiber cable must have SC/APC connectors for the entire run. If it does not, you can splice a pigtail, which has SC/APC connectors, to the fiber cable.LGC offers two pigtails: one for single-mode fiber (PN 4013SCAPC-3) and one for multi-mode fiber (PN 4012SCAPC-3).LGC Wireless recommends fusion splices because they have the lowest splice loss and return loss. Mechanical splices have higher losses and higher back reflection than fusion splices and are not recommended.7.5.1 Fusion SplicesUsing a fusion splicer involves fusing together two butted and cleaved ends of fiber. The fusion splicer aligns the fibers and maintains alignment during the fusion pro-cess. Fusion splices have very low loss (typically less than 0.05 dB) and very low back reflection (return loss). Fusion splices should be organized in a splice tray designed to store and protect the splices.Fusion Splicing of Fiber and PigtailBefore you begin, make sure the fusion splicer is set to the proper mode (that is, sin-gle- or multi-mode).To fusion splice the fiber optic cable to the SC/APC pigtail: Option A1. Secure both the fiber cable and the SC/APC pigtail in a splice tray that is installed immediately adjacent to the Hub.2. Prepare the fiber end by cutting back the polyethylene jacket, the kevlar or fiber-glass strength members, the extruded coating, and the buffer coating in order to expose the “bare fiber” – cladding plus core.Ensure that sufficient slack is maintained in order to be able to reach the fusion splicer.3. Clean the unclad fiber core using isopropyl alcohol and lint-free wipes.4. Cleave the unclad fiber to the length prescribed by the fusion splicer’s specifica-tion sheets.5. Repeat steps 2 through 4 for the SC/APC pigtail.6. Pass the splice sleeve onto the fiber strand.7. Position both fiber ends in the fusion splicer and complete splice in accordance with the fusion splicer’s operation instructions.8. Ensure that the estimated loss for the splice as measured by the fusion splicer is 0.10 dB or better.9. Slide the fusion splicing sleeve over the point of the fusion splice.10. Place the sleeve and fused fiber into the fusion splicer’s heater.
Splicing Fiber Optic Cable7-34 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev K11. Allow time for the splice sleeve to cure.12. Return fiber splice to the splice tray, store the sleeve in a splice holder within the tray, and store excess cable length in accordance with the tray manufacture’s directions.After successfully testing the fiber, plug the SC/APC pigtail into the proper opti-cal port on the Hub.To fusion splice the fiber optic cable to the SC/APC pigtail: Option B1. Secure both the fiber cable and the SC/APC pigtail in a splice tray portion of a fiber distribution panel.2. Prepare the fiber end by cutting back the polyethylene jacket, the kevlar or fiber-glass strength members, the extruded coating, and the buffer coating in order to expose the “bare fiber” – cladding plus core.Ensure that sufficient slack is maintained in order to be able to reach the fusion splicer.3. Clean the unclad fiber core using isopropyl alcohol and lint-free wipes.4. Cleave the unclad fiber to the length prescribed by the fusion splicer’s specifica-tion sheets.5. Repeat steps 2 through 4 for the SC/APC pigtail.6. Pass the splice sleeve onto the fiber strand.7. Position both fiber ends in the fusion splicer and complete splice in accordance with the fusion splicer’s operation instructions.8. Ensure that the estimated loss for the splice as measured by the fusion splicer is 0.10 dB or better.9. Slide the fusion splicing sleeve over the point of the fusion splice.10. Place the sleeve and fused fiber into the fusion splicer’s heater.11. Allow time for the splice sleeve to cure.12. Return fiber splice to the splice tray, store the sleeve in a splice holder within the tray, and store excess cable length in accordance with the tray manufacture’s directions.13. After successfully testing the fiber cable, plug the SC/APC pigtail into the back side of the SC/APC bulkhead in the Fiber Distribution Panel.Install a SC/APC patch cord between the front side of the SC/APC bulkhead and the proper optical port on the Hub.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-35D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALInterfacing a Main Hub to a Base Station or a Roof-top Antenna7.6 Interfacing a Main Hub to a Base Station or a Roof-top AntennaWARNING: Only LGC personnel or LGC-authorized installation per-sonnel should connect the Unison Main Hub to a base station or repeater. Exceeding the maximum input power could cause failure of the Main Hub (refer to Section 6.1 on page 6-3 for maximum power specifications). If the maximum composite power is too high, attenua-tion is required.NOTE: The UPLINK and DOWNLINK ports cannot handle a DC power feed from a base station. If DC power is present, a DC block must be used or the main hub may be damaged.Connecting a Main Hub to an In-Building Base StationConnecting a Simplex Base Station to a Main Hub:1. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the transmit simplex connector on the base station.2. Connect the other end of the N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the DOWNLINK connector on the Main Hub.3. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the receive simplex connector on the base station.4. Connect the other end of the N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the UPLINK con-nector on the Main Hub.Figure 7-7 Simplex Base Station to a Main HubN-male to N-maleCoaxial CableBase StationSimplex T1/E1 toMobileSwitchingCenterInsert attenuator, if needed
Interfacing a Main Hub to a Base Station or a Roof-top Antenna7-36 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev KConnecting a Duplex Base Station to a Main Hub:When connecting to a duplex base station, use a circulator between it and the Main Hub.You can insert attenuators between the circulator and Main Hub as needed; refer to Section 6.6.1 on page 6-38 for more information.1. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the duplex connector on the base station.2. Connect the other N-male connector to a circulator.3. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the DOWNLINK connector on the Main Hub.4. Connect the other end of the N-male coaxial cable to the transmit connector on the circulator.5. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the UPLINK connector on the Main Hub.6. Connect the other end of the N-male coaxial cable to the receive connector on the circulator.Figure 7-8 Duplex Base Station to a Main HubN-male to N-maleCoaxial CableBase StationDuplex T1/E1 toMobileSwitchingCenterInsert attenuator, if needed N-male to N-maleCoaxial CableCirculator
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-37D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALInterfacing a Main Hub to a Base Station or a Roof-top AntennaConnecting a Main Hub to Multiple Base StationsYou can use power combiner/splitters to connect a Main Hub to multiple base sta-tions, as shown in Figure 7-9.Figure 7-9 Connecting a Main Hub to Multiple Base StationsConnecting a Main Hub to a Roof-top AntennaLGC Wireless recommends that you use a lightning arrestor or surge protector in a roof-top antenna configuration. Insert the lightning arrestor or surge protector between the roof-top antenna and the repeater that is connected to the Main Hub.1. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the roof-top antenna.2. Connect the other end of the N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the grounded surge suppressor.3. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the grounded surge suppressor.4. Connect the other end of the N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the repeater.5. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the repeater.6. Connect the other end of the N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the circulator 1connector.7. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the circulator 2connector.8. Connect the other end of the N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the DOWNLINK connector on the Main Hub.N-male to N-maleCoaxial Jumper CablesN-male to N-maleCoaxial Jumper Cableto Repeater orBase Stationbetween Combiner/Splitter andN-male to N-maleCoaxial Jumper Cablesbetween Combiner/Splitter andMain Hub’s Uplink Port Main Hub’s Downlink Port2 x 1 PowerCombiner/Splitter 2 x 1 PowerCombiner/SplitterBTS 1UL DLBTS 2UL DLInsert attenuators, if needed
Interfacing a Main Hub to a Base Station or a Roof-top Antenna7-38 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev KAttenuation may be required to achieve the desired RF output at the RAU.9. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the circulator 3connector.10. Connect the other end of the N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the UPLINK con-nector on the Main Hub.7.6.1 Connecting Multiple Main HubsYou can use power combiner/splitters as splitters to connect multiple Main Hubs in order to increase the total number of RAUs in a system. You can also use power com-biner/splitters to combine base station channels in order to increase the number of RF carriers the system transports.Connecting Multiple Main Hubs to a Simplex Repeater or Base StationConsiderations:• 2 hybrid power combiner/splitters; one for uplink and one for downlink (2x1 for two Main Hubs, 3x1 for three, 4x1 for four, etc.)• 1 N-male to N-male coaxial jumper cable between each power combiner/splitter and the base station• 2 N-male to N-male coaxial jumper cables between each power combiner/splitter and each Main HubProcedure:1. Connect the power combiner/splitters to the repeater or base station using N-male to N-male coaxial jumper cables:a. From the first power combiner/splitter to the repeater or base stationb. From the second power combiner/splitter to the repeater or base station2. Connect the power combiner/splitters to the Main Hubs:a. From the first Main Hub’s UPLINK port to the first power combiner/splitterRoof-topAntennaGroundedSurge Suppressor RepeaterN-male to N-maleCoaxial CablesN-male to N-maleCoaxial CableN-male to N-maleCoaxial Cable CirculatorAttenuator (optional)
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-39D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALInterfacing a Main Hub to a Base Station or a Roof-top Antennab. From the first Main Hub’s DOWNLINK port to the second power com-biner/splitterc. From the second Main Hub’s UPLINK port to the first power combiner/splitterd. From the second Main Hub’s DOWNLINK port to the second power com-biner/splitter3. Check Main Hub LEDs.After connecting and powering on the Main Hub, check all LEDs to ensure that the system is operating properly.NOTE: Use a 50 ohm terminator on any unused power combiner/splitter ports.Figure 7-10 shows connecting two Main Hubs to a simplex repeater or base station. Connecting two Main Hubs increases the total number of supportable RAUs from 32 to 64. Two Main Hubs support up to 8 Expansion Hubs which in turn support up to 64 RAUs.Figure 7-10 Connecting Two Main Hubs to a Simplex Repeater or Base StationN-male to N-maleCoaxial Jumper CablesN-male to N-maleCoaxial Jumper Cableto Repeater orBase Station2 x 1 PowerCombiner/SplitterN-male to N-maleCoaxial Jumper Cableto Repeater orBase Stationbetween Combiner/Splitter and N-male to N-maleCoaxial Jumper Cablesbetween Combiner/Splitter andMain Hub’s Downlink PortMain Hub’s Uplink Port2 x 1 PowerCombiner/Splitter
Interfacing a Main Hub to a Base Station or a Roof-top Antenna7-40 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev KConnecting Multiple Main Hubs to a Duplex Repeater or Base StationConsiderations:• 2 hybrid power combiner/splitters; one for uplink and one for downlink (2x1 for two Main Hubs, 3x1 for three, 4x1 for four, and so on.)• 2 N-male to N-male coaxial jumper cables to connect each Main Hub to the power combiner/splitters• 1 circulator• 1 N-male to N-male coaxial jumper cable between each circulator and the repeater or base station• 1 N-male to N-male coaxial jumper cable1 between each circulator and power combiner/splitterProcedure:1. Connect the Circulator to the power combiner/splitters and to the repeater or base station using one N-male to N-male coaxial jumper cable.2. Connect each power combiner/splitter to the circulator using one N-male to N-male coaxial jumper cable.3. Connect the power combiner/splitter to the Main Hubs:a. From the first Main Hub’s UPLINK port to the first power combiner/splitterb. From the first Main Hub’s DOWNLINK port to the second power com-biner/splitterc. From the second Main Hub’s UPLINK port to the first power combiner/splitterd. From the second Main Hub’s DOWNLINK port to the second power com-biner/splitter4. Check Main Hub LEDs.After connecting and powering on the Main Hub, check all LEDs to ensure that the system is operating properly.NOTE: Use a 50 ohm terminator on any unused power combiner/splitter ports.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-41D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALInterfacing a Main Hub to a Base Station or a Roof-top AntennaTo connect two Main Hubs to a duplex repeater or base station, use one circulator and one more coaxial jumper cable, as shown in Figure 7-11.Figure 7-11 Connecting Two Main Hubs to a Duplex Repeater or Base Station2 x 1 PowerCombiner/SplitterN-male to N-maleCoaxial Jumper CableN-male to N-maleCoaxial Jumper Cables2 x 1 PowerCombiner/SplitterN-male to N-maleCoaxial Jumper CableCirculatorN-male to N-maleCoaxial Jumper Cableto Repeater orBase Stationbetween Combiner/Splitter and N-male to N-maleCoaxial Jumper Cablesbetween Combiner/Splitter andMain Hub’s Downlink PortMain Hub’s Uplink PortInsert attenuator, if needed
Connecting Contact Alarms to a Unison System7-42 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev K7.7 Connecting Contact Alarms to a Unison SystemThe Unison Main Hub can generate (source) two contact alarms as well as sense an external contact alarm.• Alarm Source (refer to Section 7.7.1 on page 7-43)The Main Hub has two alarm contacts, fault (major) and warning (minor). These contact are normally-closed (NC) and will open when an internal alarm is detected.NOTE: The contact can be changed to normally-open (NO) with Admin-Manager. This is not recommended as no alarm would be sent if power to the Main Hub fails.• Fault is activated when any faults or disconnects are detected.• Warning is activated when any warning conditions are detected except lockout or when the end-to-end system test is not valid.• Alarm Sense (refer to Section 7.7.2 on page 7-46)The Main Hub can monitor an external alarm contact. The port can be configured for normally-open (NO) or normally-closed (NC) contacts. The interface expects a set of floating contacts, and an external voltage source is not required for this inter-face. Use AdminManager or OpsConsole to monitor the port status.Table 7-9 lists the alarm types, equipment that Unison is connected to, cable(s) used, and the faults (major and/or minor) that are detected.Table 7-9 Alarm TypesNOTE: The 5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain cable is for normally closed (NC) contacts.Alarm Type Unison connected to Cable(s) Used Alarms DetectedSource MetroReach Focus 5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable FaultsSource BTS 5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable Faults and WarningsIn addition, a custom daisy-chain cable-to-BTS interface cable is required. Make this interface cable to the desired length and with the appropriate pin placement.Sense LGCell 5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable and the Alarm Sense Adapter CableFaults
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-43D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALConnecting Contact Alarms to a Unison SystemNOTE: LGCell and MetroReach Focus support only faults (major alarms).Do not mix LGCell and Unison Main Hubs in the same daisy-chain. You can daisy-chain multiple LGCell Main Hubs together and use the Alarm Sense Adapter Cable to connect the chain to a Unison Main Hub, which will act as an alarm sensor.7.7.1 Alarm SourceUnison always acts an alarm source, no matter what type of equipment you are con-necting to. Refer to Section 7.7.2 on page 7-46 if you want Unison to sense LGCell contact closures or other external alarms.Using MetroReach Focus to Monitor UnisonWhen you connect MetroReach Focus to Unison, the Unison Main Hub is the output of the alarms (alarm source) and Focus is the input (alarm sense), as shown in the fol-lowing figure. Focus supports only faults (major alarms).Figure 7-12 Connecting MetroReach to UnisonUnison Main HubRF OUTDOWNLINK RF INUPLINKFIBERUPLINKDOWNLINKALARMRS-232CMetroReachFocusRFMAlarmSenseAlarmSourceAlarmSource5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable9-pin Adapter
Connecting Contact Alarms to a Unison System7-44 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev KUsing a Base Station to Monitor UnisonWhen you connect a BTS to Unison, the Unison Main Hub is the output of the alarms (alarm source) and the BTS is the input (alarm sense), as shown in Figure 7-13. An interface cable is required between the daisy-chain cable and the BTS. Because BTS alarm interface pinouts and Unison-to-BTS distances vary, this cable often is custom and wired on-site. Refer to “Main Hub Rear Panel Connectors” on page 3-8 for Alarm Contact details (Normally Closed).Figure 7-13 Using a BTS to Monitor UnisonNOTE: For normally open contacts, the fault and warning contacts need to be wired in parallel with other Main Hubs.NOTE: LGC Wireless does not recommend using normally open contacts.Unison Main HubAlarmSenseAlarmSourceAlarmSourceBTS5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain CableInterfaceCable
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-45D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALConnecting Contact Alarms to a Unison SystemUsing a Base Station and OpsConsole to Monitor UnisonIn order to take full advantage of Unison’s OA&M capabilities use LGC Wireless OpsConsole software in addition to a BTS to monitor the system, as shown in Figure 7-14.Figure 7-14 Using a BTS and OpsConsole to Monitor UnisonUnison Main HubAlarmSenseAlarmSourceAlarmSourceBTSInterfaceCableModemStraight-through modem cable connectedto Main Hub’s front panel serial portPSTN ModemPC runningOpsConsoleSoftware5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable
Connecting Contact Alarms to a Unison System7-46 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev K7.7.2 Alarm SenseUse AdminManager to enable the Unison system for “alarm sense” when connecting to the contact closure of LGCell Main Hubs or other external alarms (refer to Set Contact Sense Properties in the AdminManager User Manual).Using Unison to Monitor LGCellsWhen you connect LGCell to Unison, the Unison Main Hub is the input of the alarms (alarm sense) and the LGCell is the output (alarm source), as shown in Figure 7-15.Figure 7-15 Connecting LGCell to UnisonLGCell supports only faults (major alarms). You must use the Alarm Sense Adapter Cable (refer to page 7-50) to interface the daisy-chain cable to Unison. The adapter cable is required because it translates the LGCell fault pinout to the sense input pins on the Unison Main Hub.Figure 7-16 Alarm Sense ContactsUp to 5 LGCell Main HubsUnison Main HubAlarmSense AlarmSourceAlarmSourceAlarm SenseAdapter Cable5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable81Diagnostic IExternalEquipmentContacts+5V
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-47D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALConnecting Contact Alarms to a Unison System7.7.2.1 Expansion Hub Alarm Sense (UNS-EH-2 only)The Expansion Hub can sense three external contact closure alarms. These contact closure inputs were designed for monitoring an Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS), but could monitor any external event that provides the proper input level.These contact closure inputs are user programmable for enable/disable and normally open/normally closed definition. The factory default is disabled/normally closed for all three contacts. Use AdminManager to enable and set the appropriate NO/NC state.If a contact event alarm is detected, the Expansion Hub reports the alarm condition to the Main Hub as a warning condition. The Expansion Hub front panel LEDs do not indicate a contact event alarm. Use AdminManager or OpsConsole to determine the exact alarm event.The expansion Hub supplies 5V. If the contact is open at the external device, the Micro reads 5V. When the contact is closed at the external device-the micro reads 0V or Ground.Table 7-10 Pin ConnectionsTable 7-11 Input Electrical Characteristics DB9 Pin # Connection Signal Name1N/C N/A2 +5V through a 10K Ohm resistor. Input to micro controller ALARM33 +5V through a 10K Ohm resistor. Input to micro controller ALARM14 GND N/A5 +5V through a 10K Ohm resistor. Input to micro controller ALARM26N/C N/A7N/C N/A8 GND N/A9 GND N/AParameter Description SpecificationRmin Loop resistance for “OFF” condition > 20k OhmRmax Loop resistance for “ON” condition < 2k OhmT on Max Max Turn-on Time 5 SecondT off Max Max Turn-Off Time 5 Second
Connecting Contact Alarms to a Unison System7-48 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev K• The micro controller sees a high or 5V for an open condition. The loop resistance must be greater then 20K Ohm to guarantee the micro sees 3.5V or greater.• The micro controller sees low or 0V for a closed condition. The loop resistance must be greater than 2K Ohm to guarantee the micro sees 1V or less.• You may have to determine a time on and off for the connection so that the alarm is not intermittent.• Firmware has a five second hysteresis to ensure the micro does not capture inter-mittent contact closures.Table 7-12 Output Electrical Characteristics I max is 5V/10K = 500uA. +/- uA due to R and V tolerances.Vmax is 5V+5% from power supply spec.Parameter Description SpecificationI Max Continuous Load Current 550uAV Max DC volts out 5 V + 5%T on Max Max Turn-on Time 5 SecondsT off Max Max Turn-Off Time 5 Seconds
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-49D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALConnecting Contact Alarms to a Unison System7.7.3 Alarm Cables5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain CableFigure 7-17 shows the 5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable (PN 4024-3), which supports fault and warning conditions (that is, major and minor alarms).Figure 7-17 5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain CableDB-9 female toBase Station,MetroReach Focus, orJ1Female J2MaleJ3MaleJ4MaleJ5MaleJ6MaleJ7FemaleTerminato rSpliceSpliceSpliceSpliceSpliceSpliceSpliceSplice79457945794579457945741.2 meters (4 feet).5 meter(1.5 feet)DB-9 male toUnison, MetroReachFocus, or LGCellAlarm PortDB-9 male toUnison, MetroReachFocus, or LGCellAlarm PortDB-9 male toUnison, MetroReachFocus, or LGCellAlarm PortDB-9 male toUnison, MetroReachFocus, or LGCellAlarm PortOption 1: DB-9 toUnison, MetroReachFocus, or LGCellAlarm Port.J7 not usedOption 2: Use J2-J5for alarm ports. J6 is usedto connect to an additionalAlarm Daisy-Chain Cable.J7 is not used.Option 3: Connectfewer than 5 ports andterminate the daisy chainby connecting J7 to thelowest unused port.ConnectorHood.5 meter(1.5 feet).5 meter(1.5 feet).5 meter(1.5 feet).25 meter(.75 feet)the Alarm SenseAdapter Cable whenconnecting LGCellNOTE: Do not daisy-chain Unison Main Hubs with LGCell or MetroReach if you want both faults and warnings from Unison. Only faults are reported if you combine Unison with LGCell or MetroReach in the same daisy chain.to Unison7945
Connecting Contact Alarms to a Unison System7-50 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev KAlarm Sense Adapter CableThe alarm sense adapter cable (PN 4025-1) translates the LGCell fault pinout to the sense input pins on the Unison Main Hub. You must use this adapter cable, as illus-trated in Figure 7-18, with the 5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable when connecting LGCell to Unison.Figure 7-18 Alarm Sense Adapter CableJ818J979To Unison To Daisy-Chain Cable3 feet
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-51D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALAlarm Monitoring Connectivity Options7.8 Alarm Monitoring Connectivity OptionsThe following connectivity options are described here:• Section 7.8.1  Direct Connection  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-51• Section 7.8.2  Modem Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-52• Section 7.8.3  RS-232 Port Expander Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-53• Section 7.8.4  POTS Line Sharing Switch Connection  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-54• Section 7.8.5  Ethernet and ENET/RS-232 Serial Hub Connection   . . . . . . . . 7-55• Section 7.8.6  Network Interface Unit (NIU) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-56Note that the only accessory that is available through LGC Wireless is the DB-9 to DB-9 null modem cable, which is provided with AdminManager.7.8.1 Direct ConnectionIn this configuration, the AdminManager or OpsConsole PC connects directly to the RS-232 serial port on the Main Hub’s front panel using a null modem cable.Figure 7-19 OA&M Direct ConnectionNOTE: The null modem cable must support full hardware handshaking. Refer to Appendix A.5 on page A-4 for cable wiring information.PC runningor OpsConsoleSoftwareNull Modem CableAdminManager
Alarm Monitoring Connectivity Options7-52 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev K7.8.2 Modem ConnectionIn this configuration, the PC and the Main Hub connect to modems and communicate using a standard dial-up telephone connection.Figure 7-20 OA&M Modem ConnectionNOTE: Refer to Appendix A.4 on page A-3 for the modem cable wiring informa-tion.ModemStraight-through modem cablePSTN ModemPC runningor OpsConsoleSoftwareAdminManagerStraight-throughmodem cableExternal Modemonly with OpsConsole
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-53D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALAlarm Monitoring Connectivity Options7.8.3 RS-232 Port Expander ConnectionIn this configuration a port expander is used to allow the connection of multiple devices to a single PC serial port. Testing was performed with an Equinox SST-16P Multiport Board. A DB-25 male to DB-9 female modem cable must be made to con-nect the connector panel to the Main Hub (refer to Appendix A.6 on page A-5). Or, you can use a DB-25 male/DB-9 male adapter with a DB-9 female to DB-9 female null modem cable.Figure 7-21 OA&M Connection using an RS-232 Port ExpanderNOTE: Refer to Appendix A.6 on page A-5 for the modem cable wiring informa-tion.RS-232 Port ExpanderHost CableSerial Expansion Card to Connector PanelConnector PanelDB-25 male to DB-9 femaleModem CablePC runningor OpsConsoleSoftwareAdminManager
Alarm Monitoring Connectivity Options7-54 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev K7.8.4 POTS Line Sharing Switch ConnectionUsing a line sharing switch you can connect up to four modems to a single telephone line. Testing was performed with a Teltone Line Sharing Switch, model number M-394-B-01.Figure 7-22 OA&M Connection using a POTS Line Sharing SwitchUp to 16 modems can be monitored using a single telephone line by cascading line sharing switches, as shown in Figure 7-23.Figure 7-23 Cascading Line Sharing SwitchesModemPSTNLine Sharing SwitchUp to 4 modemsper SwitchModemModemStraight-throughmodem cablePC runningor OpsConsoleSoftwareAdminManager Straight-throughmodem cableExternal Modemonly with OpsConsoleModemPSTNLine Sharing SwitchLine Sharing Switch Line Sharing Switch Line Sharing Switch Line Sharing SwitchModemModemModemModemModemModemModemModemModemModemModemModemModemModemModemModemPC runningor OpsConsoleSoftwareAdminManagerStraight-throughmodem cableStraight-throughmodemcablesExternal Modemonly with OpsConsole
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-55D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALAlarm Monitoring Connectivity Options7.8.5 Ethernet and ENET/RS-232 Serial Hub ConnectionYou can use an Ethernet-to-RS-232 serial hub or converter box to communicate between the PC and Unison. Testing was performed with an Equinox SST Ethernet Serial Provider.Figure 7-24 OA&M Connection using Ethernet and ENET/232 Serial HubENET/RS-232Serial HubTCP/IPEthernet Modem CableRJ-45 to DB-9 femaleCat-5EPC runningor OpsConsoleSoftwareAdminManager
Alarm Monitoring Connectivity Options7-56 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev K7.8.6 Network Interface Unit (NIU)Faults and warnings can also be diagnosed with SNMP using the NIU. The NIU sup-ports complete interactions with Unison system: • Gets, Sets, and Traps/NotificationThe NIU enables access to multiple LGC systems at a site as follows:• NIU-4P-NM-1 (Up to four Unison systems)• NIU-10P-NM-1 (Up to ten Unison systems)The LGC NIU includes a MIB for integrating into the Network Management System (NMS) and supports SNMPv1 and SNMPv2c.Figure 7-25 Network Interface Unit (NIU) Configuration OptionsThe NIU supports SNMP access to Unison / Accel systems via Ethernet or dialupModemCan dedicate one port for an external  modemNetwork Management System (SNMP Manager)pyORPPP / POTSPPP / POTSPhone LineSecure TCP/IP NetworkSecure TCP/IP NetworkEthernetEthernetNetwork Interface Unit  (SNMP Proxy Agent)1  NIU-10P-NM-1 supports up to 10 Unison/Accel systems NIU-4P-NM-1 supports up to 4 Unison/Accel systems (not expandable)
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-57D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALAlarm Monitoring Connectivity OptionsFigure 7-26 Multiple Unison Systems Monitored by a Single Network Management SystemSNMP Reply orTrap / NotificationSNMP Network Management SystemLGC MIBSNMP v1/v2CGet or SetTCP/IPNetworkTCP/IPNetwork>…>…Site 1NOCNIU 2SNMP Agent>…Site 2Unison 10NIU 1SNMP Agent Unison 2Unison 10Unison 1Unison 2Unison 1Troubleshoot via SNMP(VPN into NMS) Troubleshoot via AdminManager(Telnet/VPN or PPP/Dialup into NIU)Field TechnicianFor Troubleshooting….OR
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InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual 8-1D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALSECTION 8 Replacing Unison Components8.1 Replacing an RAUBe aware that the new RAU must be the same band as the one you are replacing. If you replace an RAU with one that is of the wrong band, it will not work.The Main Hub automatically checks the band of a replaced RAU. There is no need to issue commands directly from the Main Hub. Therefore, as long as the RAU is of the correct band, the system will operate properly.Replacing an RAU1. Using AdminManager, right-click on the RAU’s icon and select Advanced RAU Settings from the Unit Commands menu item.The Advanced RAU Settings window is displayed. Write down the settings so you can set the new RAU with the same settings.2. Click CANCEL to close the window.3. Verify that the new RAU is of the same frequency band as the one replaced.4. Disconnect the Cat-5/5E/6 cable and antenna cable from the unit to be replaced.5. Install the new RAU.6. Connect the antenna cable and then the Cat-5/5E/6 cable to the new RAU.7. Right-click on the RAU icon and select Advanced RAU Settings from the Unit Commands menu item.The Advanced RAU Settings window is displayed.8. Set the DL/UL attenuation as the old RAU was programmed and click OK.
Replacing an RAU8-2 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev KPerform System TestWhen convenient, perform System Test to optimize performance.During System Test, the entire system is temporarily off-line and no RF is being transmitted. For a fully loaded system (one Main Hub, four Expansion Hubs, and 32 RAUs), it can take up to 1.5 minutes to complete the test.Checking the RAU’s LEDs1. The RAU’s LINK and ALARM LEDs should blink (green/red) on power up.• If the LEDs do not blink on power up, replace the RAU.2. After several seconds both LEDs should change to green, which indicates that the unit has been successfully replaced, there is communication with the Expansion Hub, and the RAU band is correct.a. If the LINK LED remains green and the ALARM LED remains red, verify that the RAU model is correct for the intended frequency band.– Disconnect the cable and then reconnect it once; doing this more than once will not change the result.b. If both LEDs still don’t change to green, use the AdminManager to determine the exact nature of the fault and see a recommendation of how to correct it.c. If both LEDs turn red (after 90 seconds), the Expansion Hub has terminated communications.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 8-3D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALReplacing an Expansion Hub8.2 Replacing an Expansion HubReplacing an Expansion Hub1. Turn off the power to the Expansion Hub.2. Disconnect all Cat-5/5E/6 cables, both fiber cables, and the AC power cord.3. Replace the Expansion Hub with a new one.4. Connect the AC power cord, all Cat-5/5E/6 cables, and both fiber cables – remembering to clean and correctly connect the uplink and downlink fiber.5. Turn on the power to the Expansion Hub.AdminManager Tasks• The Main Hub automatically issues the band setting.• When convenient, use AdminManager to perform System Test in order to optimize performance.During System Test, the entire system is temporarily off-line and no RF is being transmitted. For a fully loaded system (one Main Hub, four Expansion Hubs, and 32 RAUs), it can take up to 1.5 minutes to complete the test.Checking the Expansion Hub’s LEDs• The LEDs should blink through all states on power up.• If the LEDs do not blink on power up, replace the Expansion Hub.• If the LEDs do not illuminate at all, make sure the AC power cable is con-nected.• The UL STATUS and DL STATUS LEDs should be green.• The E-HUB STATUS and POWER LEDs should be green.• For each RJ-45 port that has an RAU connected:• The LINK LEDs should be green.• The RAU LEDs should be green.It can take several seconds for each Cat-5/5E/6 connection for the LEDs to display properly.NOTE: Refer to Section 9 for troubleshooting using the LEDs.
Replacing a Main Hub8-4 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev K8.3 Replacing a Main HubYou must record the system configuration settings from the old Main Hub’s memory before replacing the unit (refer to Step 1 below). You will program the new Main Hub with this information. If the Main Hub is programmed incorrectly, the system will not work. If the Main Hub is not functioning, get the configuration settings from the As-Built Document that was created as part of the original installation.Replacing a Main Hub1. Using AdminManager, right-click on the Hub’s icon and select Get Parameters from the System Commands menu item.The system’s configuration is displayed in the Messages pane.2. Turn off the power to the Main Hub.3. Disconnect all cables and the AC power cord.4. Replace the Hub with a new one.5. Connect the AC power cord and all cables.6. Connect the null modem cable to the PC and then to the Hub’s front panel DB-9 serial connector.7. Start the AdminManager software.8. Turn on the power to the Hub.9. Observe the LEDs after turning on the power.All the LEDs will blink during the initial power up sequence. If the Hub has been programmed with a band, all LEDs should turn green after the power on sequence is complete. Power up sequence takes between 1 and 2 minutes depending on the number of RAUs.Configure the New Main Hub1. Right-click the Main Hub’s icon and select Install/Configure System from the menu.The System Configuration window is displayed. Write down the settings so you can set the new Main Hub with the same settings.2. Select the operating band from the Select Band drop down menu.3. Enter the uplink and downlink gain in the text boxes.4. Enter the system label.5. Click OK.6. Set the Callback Number and Contact Sense Properties if they are used.7. Set the current date/time of day.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 8-5D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALReplacing a Main HubChecking the Main Hub’s LEDs• The LEDs should blink through a 5-second test on power up.• If the LEDs do not blink on power up, replace the Main Hub.• If the LEDs do not illuminate at all, make sure the AC power cable is con-nected.• For each fiber optic port that has a connected Expansion Hub, which has been pro-grammed with a band:• The LINK LED should be green.• The E-HUB/RAU LED should be green indicating that all downstream units are functioning• Refer to Section 9.3, “Troubleshooting,” on page 9-3 for more LED states.NOTE: If there is communication between the Main Hub and the Expansion Hubs, use the AdminManager to isolate system problems.
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InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual 9-1D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALSECTION 9 Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical AssistanceThere are no user-serviceable parts in any of the Unison components. Faulty or failed components are fully replaceable through LGC Wireless.Address 2540 Junction AvenueSan Jose, California95134-1902 USAPhone 1-408-952-2400Fax 1-408-952-2410Help Hot Line 1-800-530-9960 (U.S. only)+1-408-952-2400 (International)Web Address http://www.lgcwireless.come-mail service@lgcwireless.com9.1 ServiceThere are no user-serviceable parts in the InterReach Unison system. All units should be replaced and returned to the factory for service if needed.
Maintenance9-2 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev K9.2 MaintenanceKeep the fiber ports clean and free of dust. No other periodic maintenance of the Uni-son equipment is required.To clean the fiber ports:You can clean the Hub’s fiber ports using canned compressed air or isopropyl alcohol and cotton swabs.Considerations:• If you use compressed air:• The air must be free of dust, water, and oil.• Hold the can level during use.• If using isopropyl alcohol and foam-tipped swab:• Use only 98% pure or more alcohol.Procedure using compressed air:1. Remove the connector’s dust cap.2. Spray the compressed air away from the unit for a few seconds to clean out the nozzle and then blow dust particles out of each fiber port.Procedure using isopropyl alcohol:1. Remove the connector’s dust cap.2. Dip a 2.5mm lint-free, foam-tipped swab in isopropyl alcohol and slowly insert the tip into the connector.3. Gently twist the swab to clean the connector.4. Insert a dry swab to dry the connector.Additionally, you can use compressed air after the alcohol has completely evapo-rated.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 9-3D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALTroubleshooting9.3 TroubleshootingNOTE: Unison has no user-serviceable parts. Faulty or failed units are fully replaceable through LGC Wireless.Sources of potential problems include:• Faulty cabling/connector• Malfunction of one or more Unison components• Antenna, base station, or repeater problem• External RF interface• Tripped circuit breaker• Using a Null modem cable that does not support full hardware handshaking when using AdminManagerNOTE: Faulty cabling is the cause of a vast majority of problems. All Cat-5/5E/6 cable should be tested to TIA/EIA 568-A specifications. The RAU can be damaged if the cable is not wired correctly.You must use AdminManager or OpsConsole for troubleshooting the system, use the LEDs only as backup or for confirmation. However, if there are communication prob-lems within the system, the LEDs may provide additional information that is not available using AdminManager.If you cannot determine the cause of a problem after following the recommended pro-cedures, call the LGC Wireless customer help hot line:1-800-530-9960 (U.S. only)+1-408-952-2400 (International)Or, email us at support@lgcwireless.com.Please provide the following information:• Serial number of the unit• Description of the problem• Using AdminManager 2.04 or higher, execute the “Tools J Get Service Informa-tion” command. Save and email this file to us.• What is the length of the Cat-5/5E/6 cable? Is it screened?• Status of the LEDs on the unit• Was the unit power cycled?
Troubleshooting9-4 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev K9.3.1 Troubleshooting using AdminManagerUse AdminManager software to determine the current faults and warnings for all of the units in the system. To troubleshoot, start with the Main Hub’s faults AND warn-ings, then proceed to each of the Expansion Hubs, finishing with each of the RAUs.NOTE: AdminManager v2.04 or higher displays events (faults, warnings, or status messages) depending on your view preference. To change your view preference, refer to Section 3.4.2, “View Preference,” on page 3-10.NOTE: Faults usually impact service; warnings may impact service; status does not generally impact service, but contains important information that you should not ignore.System TroubleshootingGet All Current Faults & Warnings (or Get Faults; or Get Current Faults, Warnings, and Status Messages). This gives the current status of the system depending on view preferences, and should be used to determine if there is more than one fault/warning in the system. Point to the top most icon or the Main Hub in the hierarchical tree, and right click to see the Pull down menu. Select: SYSTEM COMMANDS/GET FAULTS (OR GET CURRENT FAULTS AND WARNINGS; OR GET CURRENT FAULTS, WARNINGS, AND STA-TUS MESSAGES). NOTE: System commands always take longer to execute than component commands.NOTE: This RAU icon   indicates there is fault on the RAU. This icon  indicates a disconnected device. You cannot request status on a discon-nected device.Component Troubleshooting• If a device displays as an fault icon, right click on the icon, and select UNIT COM-MANDS/ GET CURRENT FAULTS. If a device displays as a warning or information icon, right click on the icon, and select UNIT COMMANDS/ GET CURRENT WARNINGS AND STATUS MESSAGES.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 9-5D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALTroubleshooting9.3.1.1 Troubleshooting Recommendations• Some things that can be done, depending on the device fault or warning include:a. Hardware faults on Expansion Hub. – Try swapping fiber with another Expansion Hub at the Main Hub. – Try cleaning the fiber and the fiber ports with alcohol foam tip swab and compressed air. See Section , “To clean the fiber ports:,” on page 9-2.– Power cycle the Expansion Hub.b. Issue a CLEAR ALL DISCONNECTS at the Main Hub.c. Power cycle the Main Hub.d. RAU hardware faults. Try swapping the Cat-5/5E/6 at Expansion Hub with a good Cat-5/5E/6 cable.e. If there is an RF14 Fault and the Cat-5/5E/6 run has an Extender, check that it is installed correctly. See Section , “Installing a Cat-5 Extender,” on page 7-30.f. Try isolating the system components:– Check to see if the whole system is effected or a portion of the system.– If the whole system is effected, disconnect the DAS system from the RF source and see if the RF source is working.– Continue to isolate by disabling portions of the system. Use the UNIT COM-MANDS/SET OUT-OF-SERVICE and SET IN-SERVICE.9.3.1.2 Fault IndicationsOnce all of the units are powered on and the cable connections are made, the faults from each unit can be requested using AdminManager. Start with the Main Hub and work downstream.NOTE: AdminManager v2.04 or higher displays events (faults, warnings, or status messages) depending on your view preference. To change your view preference, refer to Section 3.4.2, “View Preference,” on page 3-10.Resolve all faults first and then check the warnings. Take appropriate action to resolve the faults, as indicated in the following tables. In cases where there is more than one possible cause, they are listed from the “most likely” to the “least likely” cause. Actions are listed in the order that they should be performed; not all actions may need to be done.Faults messages are displayed in the Messages pane in red lettering.
Troubleshooting9-6 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev KNOTE: If you have a red STATUS LED without a fault message, it probably indicates that the unit is locked out.NOTE: The tables below contain messages for all versions of firmware.Main Hub FaultsTable 9-1 Faults Reported by the Main Hub Alarm Message Action{MF01}Software error occurred and recov-ered If this happens repeatedly, replace the MH. (Log entry only.){MF02}Software error occurred and recov-ered If this happens repeatedly, replace the MH. (Log entry only.){MF03}Software error occurred and recov-ered If this happens repeatedly, replace the MH. (Log entry only.){MF04}Software error occurred and recov-ered If this happens repeatedly, replace the MH. (Log entry only.){MF05}Software error occurred and recov-ered If this happens repeatedly, replace the MH. (Log entry only.){MF06}MH power cycle If AC mains are not cycled, replace the MH.{MF09}Temperature is high Replace the Main Hub if there is fan failure. Check fan for rotation, airflow blockage, and dust. Check room environmental controls.{MF10} System Error Lockout Check MH faults, system is out of service due to an MH fault.{MF11} Commanded Out-of-Service Command In-Service to restore operation.{MF13}Hardware failure (Power Supply) Replace the MH.{MF14}Hardware failure (DL Laser) Replace the MH.{MF15}Failed to perform system test (PLL unlock) Unable to perform system end-to-end test, replace the MH when possible.{MF17}Hardware failure (SPI) Cycle power once. If fault persists, replace the MH.{MF18}Hardware failure (DL PLL Unlock) Cycle power once. If fault persists, replace the MH.{MF19}Hardware failure (DL PLL Unlock) Cycle power once. If fault persists, replace the MH.{MF20}Hardware failure (DL Pilot PLL Unlock) Cycle power once. If fault persists, replace the MH.{MF21}Hardware failure (UL PLL Unlock) Cycle power once. If fault persists, replace the MH.{MF22}Hardware failure (UL PLL Unlock) Cycle power once. If fault persists, replace the MH.{MF23}Hardware failure (UL PLL Unlock) Cycle power once. If fault persists, replace the MH.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 9-7D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALTroubleshooting{MF24}Frequency band not programmed Use AdminManager to program the frequency band.{MF25}Hardware failure (DL Pilot too low) Cycle power once. If fault persists, replace the MH.{MF26}Hardware failure (DL Pilot too high) Cycle power once. If fault persists, replace the MH.{MF27}Failed to perform system test (Test tone too high) Unable to perform system end-to-end test, replace the Main Hub when possi-ble.{MF28}Failed to perform system test (Test tone too low) Unable to perform system end-to-end test, replace the Main Hub when possi-ble.{MF29}Hardware failure (DL Path) Replace the Main Hub.{MF30}Hardware failure (UL Path) Re-run system test. Swap first two EHs and re-run system test. If fault persists, replace the MH when possible.{MF33}Port 1 UL RF path has excessive gain If fault common to more than one port, replace the MH. If only one port has the fault, try another MH port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unus-able and replace the MH when possible. Otherwise, replace the EH.{MF34} Port 2 UL RF path has excessive gain If fault common to more than one port, replace the MH. If only one port has the fault, try another MH port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unus-able and replace the MH when possible. Otherwise, replace the EH.{MF35} Port 3 UL RF path has excessive gain If fault common to more than one port, replace the MH. If only one port has the fault, try another MH port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unus-able and replace the MH when possible. Otherwise, replace the EH.{MF36} Port 4 UL RF path has excessive gain If fault common to more than one port, replace the MH. If only one port has the fault, try another MH port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unus-able and replace the MH when possible. Otherwise, replace the EH.{MF37} Port 1 UL RF path loss is too high The uplink RF loss is above the recommended minimum. If codes MS13-MS16 are also present, the fiber is the most likely problem. Clean the fiber ports and connectors. Ensure that the fiber connector is correctly seated.If codes MS13-MS16 are not present, disconnect both downlink and uplink fiber at the Main Hub. Wait 10 seconds, then re-connect downlink and uplink fiber.If fault common to more than one port, replace the MH. If only one port has the fault, try another MH port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unus-able and replace the MH when possible. Otherwise, replace the EH.{MF38} Port 2 UL RF path loss is too high The uplink RF loss is above the recommended minimum. If codes MS13-MS16 are also present, the fiber is the most likely problem. Clean the fiber ports and connectors. Ensure that the fiber connector is correctly seated.If codes MS13-MS16 are not present, disconnect both downlink and uplink fiber at the Main Hub. Wait 10 seconds, then re-connect downlink and uplink fiber.If fault common to more than one port, replace the MH. If only one port has the fault, try another MH port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unus-able and replace the MH when possible. Otherwise, replace the EH.Table 9-1 Faults Reported by the Main Hub  (continued)
Troubleshooting9-8 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev K{MF39} Port 3 UL RF path loss is too high The uplink RF loss is above the recommended minimum. If codes MS13-MS16 are also present, the fiber is the most likely problem. Clean the fiber ports and connectors. Ensure that the fiber connector is correctly seated.If codes MS13-MS16 are not present, disconnect both downlink and uplink fiber at the Main Hub. Wait 10 seconds, then re-connect downlink and uplink fiber.If fault common to more than one port, replace the MH. If only one port has the fault, try another MH port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unus-able and replace the MH when possible. Otherwise, replace the EH.{MF40} Port 4 UL RF path loss is too high The uplink RF loss is above the recommended minimum. If codes MS13-MS16 are also present, the fiber is the most likely problem. Clean the fiber ports and connectors. Ensure that the fiber connector is correctly seated.If codes MS13-MS16 are not present, disconnect both downlink and uplink fiber at the Main Hub. Wait 10 seconds, then re-connect downlink and uplink fiber.If fault common to more than one port, replace the MH. If only one port has the fault, try another MH port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unus-able and replace the MH when possible. Otherwise, replace the EH.{MF41}No communication with EH 1 If fault common to more than one port, replace the MH. If only one port has the fault, try another MH port. If no fault is reported, the MH fiber port is dirty or bad. Clean DL & UL fiber ports on both the MH and EH. Measure DL & UL optical loss. Check for flat polished fiber connectors. Replace the EH.{MF42}No communication with EH 2 If fault common to more than one port, replace the MH. If only one port has the fault, try another MH port. If no fault is reported, the MH fiber port is dirty or bad. Clean DL & UL fiber ports on both the MH and EH. Measure DL & UL optical loss. Check for flat polished fiber connectors. Replace the EH.{MF43}No communication with EH 3 If fault common to more than one port, replace the MH. If only one port has the fault, try another MH port. If no fault is reported, the MH fiber port is dirty or bad. Clean DL & UL fiber ports on both the MH and EH. Measure DL & UL optical loss. Check for flat polished fiber connectors. Replace the EH.{MF44}No communication with EH 4 If fault common to more than one port, replace the MH. If only one port has the fault, try another MH port. If no fault is reported, the MH fiber port is dirty or bad. Clean DL & UL fiber ports on both the MH and EH. Measure DL & UL optical loss. Check for flat polished fiber connectors. Replace the EH.{MF45}EH 1 disconnected Try another port. If no connection, cycle EH power and confirm UL STATUS LED is green for 90 seconds. Check UL fiber connection(s). Clean fiber con-nectors and ports on MH and EH. Measure UL optical loss. Use “Clear All Dis-connect Status” command to clear fault, or physically connect the EH.{MF46}EH 2 disconnected Try another port. If no connection, cycle EH power and confirm UL STATUS LED is green for 90 seconds. Check UL fiber connection(s). Clean fiber con-nectors and ports on MH and EH. Measure UL optical loss. Use “Clear All Dis-connect Status” command to clear fault, or physically connect the EH.Table 9-1 Faults Reported by the Main Hub  (continued)
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 9-9D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALTroubleshooting{MF47}EH 3 disconnected Try another port. If no connection, cycle EH power and confirm UL STATUS LED is green for 90 seconds. Check UL fiber connection(s). Clean fiber con-nectors and ports on MH and EH. Measure UL optical loss. Use “Clear All Dis-connect Status” command to clear fault, or physically connect the EH.{MF48}EH 4 disconnected Try another port. If no connection, cycle EH power and confirm UL STATUS LED is green for 90 seconds. Check UL fiber connection(s). Clean fiber con-nectors and ports on MH and EH. Measure UL optical loss. Use “Clear All Dis-connect Status” command to clear fault, or physically connect the EH.Table 9-1 Faults Reported by the Main Hub  (continued)
Troubleshooting9-10 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev KExpansion Hub FaultsTable 9-2 Faults Reported by the Expansion Hub Alarm Message Action{EF01}Software error occurred and recov-ered If this happens repeatedly, replace the EH. (Log entry only.){EF02}Software error occurred and recov-ered If this happens repeatedly, replace the EH. (Log entry only.){EF03}Software error occurred and recov-ered If this happens repeatedly, replace the EH. (Log entry only.){EF04}Software error occurred and recov-ered If this happens repeatedly, replace the EH. (Log entry only.){EF05}Software error occurred and recov-ered If this happens repeatedly, replace the EH. (Log entry only.){EF06}Hardware failure (SPI) Cycle power once. If fault persists, replace the EH.{EF07}Temperature is too high Replace the EH if fan failure. Check fan for rotation, airflow blockage, and dust. Check room environmental controls. {EF08}Frequency band not programmed Use AdminManager to program the frequency band.{EF09}Hardware failure (PLL Unlock) If fault common to more than one EH, replace the MH. If only one EH has the fault, try another MH port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unus-able and replace the MH when possible. Otherwise, replace the EH.{EF10}Excessive DL optical loss Normally this fault is only logged because the optical loss is below the absolute minimum. EH DL LED is red.Clean fiber connectors and ports, and check DL cable for excessive optical loss. If fault common to more than one EH, replace the MH. If only one EH has the fault, try another port on the MH. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the MH when possible. Otherwise, replace the EH.{EF11}The DL RF path has excessive gain If fault common to more than one EH, replace the MH. If only one EH has the fault, try another MH port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unus-able and replace the MH when possible. Otherwise, replace the EH.{EF12}The DL RF path loss is too high Clean fiber connectors and ports, and check DL cable for excessive optical loss. If fault common to more than one EH, replace the MH. If only one EH has the fault, try another port on the MH. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the MH when possible. Otherwise, replace the EH.{EF13}Hardware failure possibly resulting in degraded performance Replace the EH.{EF14}Hardware failure possibly resulting in degraded performance Replace the EH.{EF15}Hardware failure (UL Laser) Replace the EH.{EF16}No MH communications Clean fiber connectors and ports, and check cables for excessive optical loss. If fault common to more than one EH, replace the MH. If only one EH has the fault, try another port on the MH. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the MH when possible. Otherwise, replace the EH.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 9-11D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALTroubleshooting{EF17}RAU 1 disconnected Check Cat-5/5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new install. Try another EH port. If no fault is reported flag the previous port as unusable and replace the EH when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU. Use “Clear All Disconnect Status” command to clear fault, or physically connect the RAU. {EF18}RAU 2 disconnected Check Cat-5/5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new install. Try another EH port. If no fault is reported flag the previous port as unusable and replace the EH when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU. Use “Clear All Disconnect Status” command to clear fault, or physically connect the RAU. {EF19}RAU 3 disconnected Check Cat-5/5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new install. Try another EH port. If no fault is reported flag the previous port as unusable and replace the EH when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU. Use “Clear All Disconnect Status” command to clear fault, or physically connect the RAU. {EF20}RAU 4 disconnected Check Cat-5/5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new install. Try another EH port. If no fault is reported flag the previous port as unusable and replace the EH when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU. Use “Clear All Disconnect Status” command to clear fault, or physically connect the RAU. {EF21}RAU 5 disconnected Check Cat-5/5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new install. Try another EH port. If no fault is reported flag the previous port as unusable and replace the EH when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU. Use “Clear All Disconnect Status” command to clear fault, or physically connect the RAU. {EF22}RAU 6 disconnected Check Cat-5/5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new install. Try another EH port. If no fault is reported flag the previous port as unusable and replace the EH when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU. Use “Clear All Disconnect Status” command to clear fault, or physically connect the RAU. {EF23}RAU 7 disconnected Check Cat-5/5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new install. Try another EH port. If no fault is reported flag the previous port as unusable and replace the EH when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU. Use “Clear All Disconnect Status” command to clear fault, or physically connect the RAU. {EF24}RAU 8 disconnected Check Cat-5/5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new install. Try another EH port. If no fault is reported flag the previous port as unusable and replace the EH when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU. Use “Clear All Disconnect Status” command to clear fault, or physically connect the RAU. {EF25}Port 1 UL RF path loss is too high CAT-5 cable is poorly terminated, re-crimp the connector; no RF uplink is detected at all.Check Cat-5E/6 cable loss, especially on new install. Check Cat-5 Extender, if present. If fault present on all EH ports, replace the EH. Otherwise, try another EH port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the EH when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU.{EF26} Port 2 UL RF path loss is too high CAT-5 cable is poorly terminated, re-crimp the connector; no RF uplink is detected at all.Check Cat-5E/6 cable loss, especially on new install. Check Cat-5 Extender, if present. If fault present on all EH ports, replace the EH. Otherwise, try another EH port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the EH when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU.Table 9-2 Faults Reported by the Expansion Hub  (continued)
Troubleshooting9-12 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev K{EF27} Port 3 UL RF path loss is too high CAT-5 cable is poorly terminated, re-crimp the connector; no RF uplink is detected at all.Check Cat-5E/6 cable loss, especially on new install. Check Cat-5 Extender, if present. If fault present on all EH ports, replace the EH. Otherwise, try another EH port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the EH when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU.{EF28} Port 4 UL RF path loss is too high CAT-5 cable is poorly terminated, re-crimp the connector; no RF uplink is detected at all.Check Cat-5E/6 cable loss, especially on new install. Check Cat-5 Extender, if present. If fault present on all EH ports, replace the EH. Otherwise, try another EH port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the EH when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU.{EF29} Port 5 UL RF path loss is too high CAT-5 cable is poorly terminated, re-crimp the connector; no RF uplink is detected at all.Check Cat-5E/6 cable loss, especially on new install. Check Cat-5 Extender, if present. If fault present on all EH ports, replace the EH. Otherwise, try another EH port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the EH when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU.{EF30} Port 6 UL RF path loss is too high CAT-5 cable is poorly terminated, re-crimp the connector; no RF uplink is detected at all.Check Cat-5E/6 cable loss, especially on new install. Check Cat-5 Extender, if present. If fault present on all EH ports, replace the EH. Otherwise, try another EH port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the EH when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU.{EF31} Port 7 UL RF path loss is too high CAT-5 cable is poorly terminated, re-crimp the connector; no RF uplink is detected at all.Check Cat-5E/6 cable loss, especially on new install. Check Cat-5 Extender, if present. If fault present on all EH ports, replace the EH. Otherwise, try another EH port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the EH when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU.{EF32} Port 8 UL RF path loss is too high CAT-5 cable is poorly terminated, re-crimp the connector; no RF uplink is detected at all.Check Cat-5E/6 cable loss, especially on new install. Check Cat-5 Extender, if present. If fault present on all EH ports, replace the EH. Otherwise, try another EH port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the EH when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU.{EF33}Port 1 DL RF path too low Try another port, if fault persists replace the EH. Otherwise, flag previous port as unusable and replace the EH when possible{EF34}Port 2 DL RF path too low Try another port, if fault persists replace the EH. Otherwise, flag previous port as unusable and replace the EH when possible{EF35}Port 3 DL RF path too low Try another port, if fault persists replace the EH. Otherwise, flag previous port as unusable and replace the EH when possible{EF36}Port 4 DL RF path too low Try another port, if fault persists replace the EH. Otherwise, flag previous port as unusable and replace the EH when possibleTable 9-2 Faults Reported by the Expansion Hub  (continued)
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 9-13D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALTroubleshooting{EF37}Port 5 DL RF path too low Try another port, if fault persists replace the EH. Otherwise, flag previous port as unusable and replace the EH when possible{EF38}Port 6 DL RF path too low Try another port, if fault persists replace the EH. Otherwise, flag previous port as unusable and replace the EH when possible{EF39}Port 7 DL RF path too low Try another port, if fault persists replace the EH. Otherwise, flag previous port as unusable and replace the EH when possible{EF40}Port 8 DL RF path too low Try another port, if fault persists replace the EH. Otherwise, flag previous port as unusable and replace the EH when possible{EF41}No communication with RAU 1 Check Cat-5/5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new install. Try another EH port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the EH when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU. {EF42}No communication with RAU 2 Check Cat-5/5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new install. Try another EH port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the EH when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU. {EF43}No communication with RAU 3 Check Cat-5/5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new install. Try another EH port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the EH when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU. {EF44}No communication with RAU 4 Check Cat-5/5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new install. Try another EH port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the EH when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU. {EF45}No communication with RAU 5 Check Cat-5/5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new install. Try another EH port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the EH when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU. {EF46}No communication with RAU 6 Check Cat-5/5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new install. Try another EH port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the EH when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU. {EF47}No communication with RAU 7 Check Cat-5/5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new install. Try another EH port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the EH when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU. {EF48}No communication with RAU 8 Check Cat-5/5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new install. Try another EH port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the EH when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU. {EF49}RAU 1 over current Port power trip. Disconnect the CAT-5 cable and issue 'Clear All Disconnects' command. The EH port LEDs should be Off/Off. If they are not, the port has been damaged and can no longer be used. Check the CAT-5 cable, re-crimp the connector. If the fault persists, replace the RAU.Check Cat-5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new install. Try another EH port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the EH when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU. Use “Clear All Disconnect Status” command to clear fault, or power-cycle the EH.Table 9-2 Faults Reported by the Expansion Hub  (continued)
Troubleshooting9-14 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev K{EF50}RAU 2 over current Port power trip. Disconnect the CAT-5 cable and issue 'Clear All Disconnects' command. The EH port LEDs should be Off/Off. If they are not, the port has been damaged and can no longer be used. Check the CAT-5 cable, re-crimp the connector. If the fault persists, replace the RAU.Check Cat-5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new install. Try another EH port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the EH when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU. Use “Clear All Disconnect Status” command to clear fault, or power-cycle the EH.{EF51}RAU 3 over current Port power trip. Disconnect the CAT-5 cable and issue 'Clear All Disconnects' command. The EH port LEDs should be Off/Off. If they are not, the port has been damaged and can no longer be used. Check the CAT-5 cable, re-crimp the connector. If the fault persists, replace the RAU.Check Cat-5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new install. Try another EH port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the EH when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU. Use “Clear All Disconnect Status” command to clear fault, or power-cycle the EH.{EF52}RAU 4 over current Port power trip. Disconnect the CAT-5 cable and issue 'Clear All Disconnects' command. The EH port LEDs should be Off/Off. If they are not, the port has been damaged and can no longer be used. Check the CAT-5 cable, re-crimp the connector. If the fault persists, replace the RAU.Check Cat-5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new install. Try another EH port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the EH when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU. Use “Clear All Disconnect Status” command to clear fault, or power-cycle the EH.{EF53}RAU 5 over current Port power trip. Disconnect the CAT-5 cable and issue 'Clear All Disconnects' command. The EH port LEDs should be Off/Off. If they are not, the port has been damaged and can no longer be used. Check the CAT-5 cable, re-crimp the connector. If the fault persists, replace the RAU.Check Cat-5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new install. Try another EH port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the EH when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU. Use “Clear All Disconnect Status” command to clear fault, or power-cycle the EH.{EF54}RAU 6 over current Port power trip. Disconnect the CAT-5 cable and issue 'Clear All Disconnects' command. The EH port LEDs should be Off/Off. If they are not, the port has been damaged and can no longer be used. Check the CAT-5 cable, re-crimp the connector. If the fault persists, replace the RAU.Check Cat-5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new install. Try another EH port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the EH when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU. Use “Clear All Disconnect Status” command to clear fault, or power-cycle the EH.Table 9-2 Faults Reported by the Expansion Hub  (continued)
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 9-15D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALTroubleshooting{EF55}RAU 7 over current Port power trip. Disconnect the CAT-5 cable and issue 'Clear All Disconnects' command. The EH port LEDs should be Off/Off. If they are not, the port has been damaged and can no longer be used. Check the CAT-5 cable, re-crimp the connector. If the fault persists, replace the RAU.Check Cat-5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new install. Try another EH port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the EH when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU. Use “Clear All Disconnect Status” command to clear fault, or power-cycle the EH.{EF56}RAU 8 over current Port power trip. Disconnect the CAT-5 cable and issue 'Clear All Disconnects' command. The EH port LEDs should be Off/Off. If they are not, the port has been damaged and can no longer be used. Check the CAT-5 cable, re-crimp the connector. If the fault persists, replace the RAU.Check Cat-5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new install. Try another EH port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the EH when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU. Use “Clear All Disconnect Status” command to clear fault, or power-cycle the EH.{EF60} Internal fault lockout Check the EH for faults. EH/RAUs are out of service on command from the EH.{EF61} External fault lockout Check the MH for faults. The EH/RAUs are out of service on command of the MH.{EF62 Commanded Out-of-Service Command In-Service to restore operation.{EF63} 36 VAC Shutdown 36 VAC shutdown due to EH over temperature. Automatic recovery is possible when internal ambient temperature drops below 65 degrees Centigrade.Table 9-2 Faults Reported by the Expansion Hub  (continued)
Troubleshooting9-16 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev KRemote Access Unit FaultsTable 9-3 Faults Reported by the RAU Alarm Message Action{RF01}Software error occurred and recov-ered If this happens repeatedly, replace the RAU. (Log entry only.){RF02}Software error occurred and recov-ered If this happens repeatedly, replace the RAU. (Log entry only.){RF03}Software error occurred and recov-ered If this happens repeatedly, replace the RAU. (Log entry only.){RF04}Software error occurred and recov-ered If this happens repeatedly, replace the RAU. (Log entry only.){RF05}Software error occurred and recov-ered If this happens repeatedly, replace the RAU. (Log entry only.){RF06}Hardware failure (SPI) Cycle the power once. If the fault persists, replace the RAU{RF09}Temperature is too high Check for proper installation. Check environmental controls, move the RAU to a cooler environment.{RF10}DC Power supplied by the EH/Accel Hub is too low Check the CAT-5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new installations. Check the CAT-5 Extender, if present. If the fault is common to more than one RAU, replace the EH/Accel Hub. Try another port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the Hub when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU. {RF11}DC Power supplied by the EH/Accel Hub is too high Check the CAT-5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new installation. Check the CAT-5 Extender, if present. If the fault is common to more than one RAU, replace the EH/Accel Hub. Try another port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the Hub when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU. {RF12}Hardware failure (PA) Replace the RAU.{RF13}Hardware failure (PA) Replace the RAU.{RF14}Hardware failure (PLL Unlock) Check the CAT-5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new installations. Check the CAT-5 Extender, if present. If the fault is common to more than one RAU, replace the EH/Accel Hub. Try another port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the Hub when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU. {RF15}The DL RF path loss is too high Check the CAT-5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new installations. Check the CAT-5 Extender, if present. If the fault is common to more than one RAU, replace the EH/Accel Hub. Try another port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the Hub when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU. {RF16} DL RF path operating at minimum gain Check the CAT-5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new installations. Check the CAT-5 Extender, if present, and validate that minimum cable length requirements are met. If the fault is common to more than one RAU, replace the EH/Accel Hub. Try another port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the Hub when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU. {RF17}Hardware failure Replace the RAU
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 9-17D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALTroubleshooting9.3.1.3 Warning IndicationsWarnings alert you to conditions that indicate possible service impact. Warnings are displayed in the Messages pane in orange lettering.NOTE: AdminManager v2.04 or higher displays events (faults, warnings, or status messages) depending on your view preference. To change your view preference, refer to Section 3.4.2, “View Preference,” on page 3-10.Before addressing warnings, ensure that all faults are resolved. Take appropriate action to resolve the warnings, as indicated in the following tables.Main Hub Warnings  {RF18}Potential failure in the UL RF path Unable to complete the system end-to-end. Replace the RAU when possible.{RF19}Potential failure in the DL RF path Unable to complete the system end-to-end test. Check the RAU termination at the SMA connector and re-test it. Replace the RAU if there are no Hub alarms. {RF20}No communications with the EH/Accel Hub Check the CAT-5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new installations. Check the CAT-5 Extender, if present. If the fault is common to more than one RAU, replace the EH/Accel Hub. Try another port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the Hub when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU. {RF21}The DL RF path loss is above the recommended limit Check the CAT-5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new installations. Check the CAT-5 Extender, if present. If the fault is common to more than one RAU, replace the EH/Accel Hub. Try another port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the Hub when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU. {RF22}Frequency band not programmed Use AdminManager to check band support in the RAU. Cycle power once. If the fault persists, replace the RAU.{RF23}Commanded Out-of-Service Command In-Service to restore service.{RF24}External fault lockout Check the Hubs for faults. The RAU is out of service on command from the Hub.{RF25}Internal fault lockout Check RAU faults. The RAU is out of service.Table 9-4 Warnings Reported by the Main Hub Warning Message Action{MW01}DL signal from RF source is excessive Reduce DL signal from RF source (base station or bi-directional amplifier).{MW02}Temperature is high Replace the MH if there is fan failure. Check fan rotation, airflow blockage, and dust. Check room environmental controls.{MW20}Hardware failure (DL Path) Replace the MH when possible.Table 9-3 Faults Reported by the RAU  (continued)
Troubleshooting9-18 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev K{MW21}Hardware failure (UL Path) Re-run system test. If warning persists, move EH to another port and re-run system test. If warning persists, replace the MH when possible.{MW22}Hardware failure (DL Pilot too low) Cycle power once. If warning persists, replace the MH when possible.{MW25}Port 1 UL RF path has excessive gain If the warning is common to more than one port, replace the MH when possi-ble. If only one port has the warning, try another MH port. If no warning is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the MH when possible. Otherwise, replace the EH when possible.{MW26}Port 2 UL RF path has excessive gain If the warning is common to more than one port, replace the MH when possi-ble. If only one port has the warning, try another MH port. If no warning is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the MH when possible. Otherwise, replace the EH when possible.{MW27}Port 3 UL RF path has excessive gain If the warning is common to more than one port, replace the MH when possi-ble. If only one port has the warning, try another MH port. If no warning is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the MH when possible. Otherwise, replace the EH when possible.{MW28}Port 4 UL RF path has excessive gain If the warning is common to more than one port, replace the MH when possi-ble. If only one port has the warning, try another MH port. If no warning is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the MH when possible. Otherwise, replace the EH when possible.{MW29}Port 1 UL RF path is too high Uplink RF loss is above the recommended minimum. If codes MS13-MS16 is also present, the fiber is the most likely problem. Clean the fiber ports and con-nectors. Ensure that the fiber connector is correctly seated.If codes MS13-MS16 are not present, disconnect both downlink and uplink fiber at the Main Hub. Wait 10 seconds, then re-connect downlink and uplink fiber.If the warning is common to more than one port, replace the MH when possi-ble. If only one port has the warning, try another MH port. If no warning is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the MH when possible. Clean the optical connectors and ports. If the warning persists, replace the EH when possible.{MW30}Port 2 UL RF path is too high Uplink RF loss is above the recommended minimum. If codes MS13-MS16 is also present, the fiber is the most likely problem. Clean the fiber ports and con-nectors. Ensure that the fiber connector is correctly seated.If codes MS13-MS16 are not present, disconnect both downlink and uplink fiber at the Main Hub. Wait 10 seconds, then re-connect downlink and uplink fiber.If the warning is common to more than one port, replace the MH when possi-ble. If only one port has the warning, try another MH port. If no warning is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the MH when possible. Clean the optical connectors and ports. If the warning persists, replace the EH when possible.Table 9-4 Warnings Reported by the Main Hub  (continued)
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 9-19D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALTroubleshooting{MW31}Port 3 UL RF path is too high Uplink RF loss is above the recommended minimum. If codes MS13-MS16 is also present, the fiber is the most likely problem. Clean the fiber ports and con-nectors. Ensure that the fiber connector is correctly seated.If codes MS13-MS16 are not present, disconnect both downlink and uplink fiber at the Main Hub. Wait 10 seconds, then re-connect downlink and uplink fiber.If the warning is common to more than one port, replace the MH when possi-ble. If only one port has the warning, try another MH port. If no warning is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the MH when possible. Clean the optical connectors and ports. If the warning persists, replace the EH when possible.{MW32}Port 4 UL RF path is too high Uplink RF loss is above the recommended minimum. If codes MS13-MS16 is also present, the fiber is the most likely problem. Clean the fiber ports and con-nectors. Ensure that the fiber connector is correctly seated.If codes MS13-MS16 are not present, disconnect both downlink and uplink fiber at the Main Hub. Wait 10 seconds, then re-connect downlink and uplink fiber.If the warning is common to more than one port, replace the MH when possi-ble. If only one port has the warning, try another MH port. If no warning is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the MH when possible. Clean the optical connectors and ports. If the warning persists, replace the EH when possible.Table 9-4 Warnings Reported by the Main Hub  (continued)
Troubleshooting9-20 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev KExpansion Hub WarningsTable 9-5 Warnings Reported by the Expansion Hub Warning Message Action{EW21}The DL RF path has excessive gain If the warning is common to more than one EH, replace the MH. If only one EH has the warning, try another MH port. If no warning is reported, flag the previ-ous port as unusable and replace the MH when possible. Otherwise, replace the EH when possible.{EW22}The DL RF path loss is too high Downlink RF loss is above the recommended minimum. If ES01 is also present, the fiber is the most likely problem. Clean the fiber ports and connec-tors. Ensure the fiber is correctly seated.If ES01 is not present, disconnect both downlink and uplink fiber at the Main Hub. Wait 10 seconds, then re-connect downlink and uplink fiber.Check the DL cable for excessive optical loss. If the warning is common to more than one EH, replace the MH when possible. If only one EH has the warn-ing, try another port on the MH. If no warning is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the MH when possible. Otherwise, replace the EH when possible{EW23}Hardware problem. Possible degraded performance Replace the EH when possible.{EW24}Hardware problem. Possible degraded performance Replace the EH when possible.{EW33}Contact closure 1 warning active Contact closure 1 indicates an active warning. AC may have failed.{EW34}Contact closure 2 warning active Contact closure 2 indicates an active warning. UPS battery may be low.{EW35}Contact closure 3 warning active Contact closure 3 indicates an active warning.Note: * applies to Firmware version 5.1 or earlier
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 9-21D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALTroubleshootingRemote Access Unit WarningsTable 9-6 Warnings Reported by the RAU Warning Message Action{RW17}The DL RF path loss is too high CAT-5 cable is poorly terminated, re-crimp the connector; no RF uplink is detected at all.Check the CAT-5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new installations. Check the CAT-5 Extender, if present. If the warning is common to more than one RAU, replace the EH/Accel Hub. Try another port. If no warning is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the Hub when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU when possible.{RW18}DL RF path operating at minimum gain Check CAT-5E/6 cable loss, especially on new installations. Check the CAT-5 Extender, if present, and validate that minimum cable length requirements are met. If the warning is common to more than one RAU, replace the EH/Accel Hub when possible. Try another port. If no warning is reported, flag the previ-ous port as unusable and replace the Hub when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU when possible.{RW19}Antenna Disconnected Check the antenna connection and rerun the system test. (You can select the antenna disconnect reporting for status or warning.)
Troubleshooting9-22 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev K9.3.1.4 Status MessagesStatus messages alert you to conditions that are important but do not generally impact service. Status messages are displayed in the Messages pane in blue lettering.NOTE: AdminManager v2.04 or higher displays events (faults, warnings, or status messages) depending on your view preference. To change your view preference, refer to Section 3.4.2, “View Preference,” on page 3-10.NOTE: The icons displayed in the system status tree assume that there are no other faults or warnings present.Main Hub Status MessagesTable 9-7 Status Messages Reported by the Main Hub Status Message Action[MS03]Downlink laser is failing Replace the MH when possible.[MS04]Fan failure Check the fan for rotation, airflow blockage, and dust. Replace the MH on high temperature warning.[MS05]Commanded Out-of-Service Command In-service to restore operation.[MS06]Factory special test mode Cycle the power to clear.[MS07]System Lockout Check the MH for faults.[MS08]Unable to perform system test on power up Check the EHs and RAUs for faults. Re-run system test.[MS09]EH1/RAU reports warning condi-tion Check EH 1 and the RAU for warnings.[MS10]EH2/RAU reports warning condi-tion Check EH 2 and the RAU for warnings.[MS11]EH3/RAU reports warning condi-tion Check EH 3 and the RAU for warnings.[MS12]EH4/RAU reports warning condi-tion Check EH 4 and the RAU for warnings.[MS13]Port 1 UL fiber interface has high optical loss Uplink optical loss is above the recommended minimum. If periodic messages MF45-MF48 (EH disconnects) occur, the fiber optical loss is near the absolute minimum.Excessive uplink optical loss may also result in MW29-MF32 codes.Clean the fiber cable connectors and ports.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 9-23D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALTroubleshootingNOTE: If your equipment is using release 3.1 firmware, the   icon is displayed instead of  , except for “unable to perform system test on power up”.[MS14]Port 2 UL fiber interface has high optical loss Uplink optical loss is above the recommended minimum. If periodic messages MF45-MF48 (EH disconnects) occur, the fiber optical loss is near the absolute minimum.Excessive uplink optical loss may also result in MW29-MF32 codes.Clean the fiber cable connectors and ports. [MS15]Port 3 UL fiber interface has high optical loss Uplink optical loss is above the recommended minimum. If periodic messages MF45-MF48 (EH disconnects) occur, the fiber optical loss is near the absolute minimum.Excessive uplink optical loss may also result in MW29-MF32 codes.Clean the fiber cable connectors and ports. [MS16]Port 4 UL fiber interface has high optical loss Uplink optical loss is above the recommended minimum. If periodic messages MF45-MF48 (EH disconnects) occur, the fiber optical loss is near the absolute minimum.Excessive uplink optical loss may also result in MW29-MF32 codes.Clean the fiber cable connectors and ports. [MS17]Failed to perform system test (PLL unlock) Unable to perform system end-to-end test, replace the MH when possible.[MS18]Failed to perform system test (Test tone too high) Unable to perform system end-to-end test, replace the MHb when possible.[MS19]Failed to perform system test (Test tone too low) Unable to perform system end-to-end test, replace the MH when possible.[MS23] Scheduled system test completed  Scheduled system test completed, log entry only. [MS33] Time Tagged Log Full  Use AdminManager to dump and save the Time-Tagged Log, then erase it.[MS34] Time of day not initialized  Use AdminManager to initialize the time and date. [MS36] Maximum auto-recovery limit  Maximum number of fault/warning auto-recovery attempts. Use AdminMan-ager to “Set In-Service” to allow the MH to attempt additional auto-recovery attempts.Table 9-7 Status Messages Reported by the Main Hub  (continued)
Troubleshooting9-24 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev KExpansion Hub Status MessagesTable 9-8 Status Messages Reported by the Expansion Hub Status Message Action[ES01]The DL fiber interface has high opti-cal loss Downlink optical loss is above THE recommended minimum. If codes MF41-MF44 (EH no communications) are observed, the fiber optical loss is near the absolute minimum.Excessive downlink optical loss may also result with ES02/EW22 codesClean the fiber connectors and ports, and check the DL cable for excessive optical loss.[ES02]The DL RF path loss is above the recommended limit Downlink RF loss is above the recommended minimum. If ES01 is also present, the fiber is the most likely problem. Clean the fiber ports and connec-tors. Ensure the fiber is correctly seated.If ES01 is not present, disconnect both downlink and uplink fiber at the Main Hub. Wait 10 seconds, then re-connect downlink and uplink fiber.[ES03]UL laser is failing Replace the Expansion Hub when possible.[ES04]System test required* Run the system test.[ES05]Temperature is high Check the fan for rotation, air flow blockage, and dust. Check the room envi-ronmental controls.[ES06]Fan 1 failure Check the fan for rotation, air flow blockage, and dust. Replace the EH on tem-perature fault.[ES07]Fan 2 failure Check the fan for rotation, air flow blockage, and dust. Replace the EH on tem-perature fault.[ES08]Fan 3 failure Check the fan for rotation, air flow blockage, and dust. Replace the EH on tem-perature fault.[ES09]Port 1 UL RF path loss is above the recommended limit Uplink RF is below the recommended minimum; the CAT-5 cable may be longer than the recommended minimum.Check the CAT-5E/6 cable, especially on new installations. Check the CAT-5 Extender, if present. Use the CAT-5 Extender to improve coverage.[ES10]Port 2 UL RF path loss is above the recommended limit Uplink RF is below the recommended minimum; the CAT-5 cable may be longer than the recommended minimum.Check the CAT-5E/6 cable, especially on new installations. Check the CAT-5 Extender, if present. Use the CAT-5 Extender to improve coverage.[ES11]Port 3 UL RF path loss is above the recommended limit Uplink RF is below the recommended minimum; the CAT-5 cable may be longer than the recommended minimum.Check the CAT-5E/6 cable, especially on new installations. Check the CAT-5 Extender, if present. Use the CAT-5 Extender to improve coverage.[ES12]Port 4 UL RF path loss is above the recommended limit Uplink RF is below the recommended minimum; the CAT-5 cable may be longer than the recommended minimum.Check the CAT-5E/6 cable, especially on new installations. Check the CAT-5 Extender, if present. Use the CAT-5 Extender to improve coverage.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 9-25D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALTroubleshootingNOTE: If your equipment is using release 3.1 firmware, the   icon is displayed instead of  , except for “unit not system tested”.[ES13]Port 5 UL RF path loss is above the recommended limit Uplink RF is below the recommended minimum; the CAT-5 cable may be longer than the recommended minimum.Check the CAT-5E/6 cable, especially on new installations. Check the CAT-5 Extender, if present. Use the CAT-5 Extender to improve coverage.[ES14]Port 6 UL RF path loss is above the recommended limit Uplink RF is below the recommended minimum; the CAT-5 cable may be longer than the recommended minimum.Check the CAT-5E/6 cable, especially on new installations. Check the CAT-5 Extender, if present. Use the CAT-5 Extender to improve coverage.[ES15]Port 7 UL RF path loss is above the recommended limit Uplink RF is below the recommended minimum; the CAT-5 cable may be longer than the recommended minimum.Check the CAT-5E/6 cable, especially on new installations. Check the CAT-5 Extender, if present. Use the CAT-5 Extender to improve coverage.[ES16]Port 8 UL RF path loss is above the recommended limit Uplink RF is below the recommended minimum; the CAT-5 cable may be longer than the recommended minimum.Check the CAT-5E/6 cable, especially on new installations. Check the CAT-5 Extender, if present. Use the CAT-5 Extender to improve coverage.[ES17]Commanded Out-of-Service Command In-service to restore operation.[ES18]External fault lockout Check the MH for faults.[ES20]Factory special test mode Cycle the power to clear the test mode.[ES25]Port 1 DL RF path too low Try another port. If the status persists, replace the EH. Otherwise, flag the pre-vious port as unusable and replace the EH when possible.[ES26]Port 2 DL RF path too low Try another port. If the status persists, replace the EH. Otherwise, flag the pre-vious port as unusable and replace the EH when possible.[ES27]Port 3 DL RF path too low Try another port. If the status persists, replace the EH. Otherwise, flag the pre-vious port as unusable and replace the EH when possible.[ES28]Port 4 DL RF path too low Try another port. If the status persists, replace the EH. Otherwise, flag the pre-vious port as unusable and replace the EH when possible.[ES29]Port 5 DL RF path too low Try another port. If the status persists, replace the EH. Otherwise, flag the pre-vious port as unusable and replace the EH when possible.[ES30]Port 6 DL RF path too low Try another port. If the status persists, replace the EH. Otherwise, flag the pre-vious port as unusable and replace the EH when possible.[ES31]Port 7 DL RF path too low Try another port. If the status persists, replace the EH. Otherwise, flag the pre-vious port as unusable and replace the EH when possible.[ES32]Port 8 DL RF path too low Try another port. If the status persists, replace the EH. Otherwise, flag the pre-vious port as unusable and replace the EH when possible.Table 9-8 Status Messages Reported by the Expansion Hub  (continued)
Troubleshooting9-26 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev KRemote Access Unit Status MessagesNOTE: If your equipment is using release 3.1 firmware, the   icon is displayed instead of  , except for “unit not system tested”.Table 9-9 Status Messages Reported by the RAU Status Message Action[RS01]Temperature is high Check for proper installation. Check the environmental controls, move the RAU to a cooler environment.[RS02]DC voltage is low Check the CAT-5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new installations. Check the CAT-5 Extender, if present. If the status message persists, replace the RAU when possible.[RS03]Power amplifier is failing Replace the RAU when possible.[RS05] The cable loss between EH/Accel Hub and RAU is above the recommended limitThe downlink RF is below the recommended minimum; the CAT-5 cable may be longer than recommended.Check the CAT-5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new installations. Check the CAT-5 Extender, if present. If the status is common to more than one RAU, replace the EH/Accel Hub when possible. Use the CAT-5 Extender to improve coverage.[RS06]System test required Run the system test.[RS07]Antenna disconnected Check antenna connection and re-run system test. Note: With Firmware Release 5.5 and later, this alarm can be configured a either a status or a warning message (RW19).[RS09]Commanded Out-of-Service Command In-service to restore operation. Note: Message displays in Firmware Release 5.5 or earlier.[RS10]External fault lockout Check the Hubs for faults. Note: Message displays in Firmware Release 5.5 or earlier.[RS11]Internal fault lockout Check the RAU faults. The RAU is out-of-service. Note: Message displays in Firmware Release 5.5 or earlier.[RS13]DC Power supplied by the Expan-sion/Accel Hub is too high Check the CAT-5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new installations. Check the CAT-5 Extender, if present. If the status is common to more than one RAU, replace the EH/Accel Hub when possible. Try another port. If no status is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the Hub when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU when possible.[RS14]Potential failure in the UL RF path Unable to complete system end-to-end test. Replace the RAU when possible[RS15]Potential failure in the DL RF path Unable to complete system end-to-end test. Check the RAU termination at the SMA connector and re-test. Replace the RAU if there are no Hub alarms.[RS16]Factory special test mode Cycle the power to clear the test mode.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 9-27D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALTroubleshooting9.3.2 Troubleshooting using LEDsThe following troubleshooting guide is from the perspective that all Unison equip-ment is installed, their cables are connected, and they are powered on; it is assumed that the system was operating normally before the problem to be diagnosed occurred. (Refer to Section 7 for information on troubleshooting during initial installation of the system.)Always use AdminManager, if possible, to troubleshoot the system. The LEDs are for backup troubleshooting; although, an Expansion Hub uplink laser failure can only be resolved using the EH UL STATUS LED.Begin with troubleshooting the Main Hub’s LEDs and then the Expansion Hub’s LEDs. The RAU LEDs probably will not provide additional information for trouble-shooting.9.3.2.1 Troubleshooting Main Hub LEDs During Normal Operation• All of the Main Hub’s LEDs should be green during normal operation. If any LEDs are red, get status using AdminManager to determine the exact cause and recommendations.Table 9-10 Troubleshooting Main Hub Port LEDs During Normal OperationDuringNormal Operation Main Hub Port LEDs State Action ImpactExpansion Hub Not ConnectedLINK Red If the Expansion Hub was discon-nected accidentally, re-connect the cables. The LEDs should change to Green/Red (then Green/Green, after 20 seconds, if the Main Hub band has been programmed).When the Expansion Hub is to be removed from service permanently, use AdminManager’s ‘Clear All Dis-connect Status’ command to clear all disconnect states to no connect states. The Expansion Hub was previously connected, but it is not currently con-nected; the Expansion Hub uplink cable disconnected.AdminManager clears all disconnects caused by installation as part of the clean-up process. After installation, power cycle the Main Hub or use AdminManager’s “Clear All Discon-nect Status” command.Changes the Main Hub’s port LEDs to Off/Off.E-HUB/RAU Off
Troubleshooting9-28 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev KExpansion Hub ConnectedLINK Red Use AdminManager to determine the exact cause of the Main Hub’s faults. Lost communication with Expansion Hub; could be Expansion Hub problem or fiber cable problem.The Expansion Hub communication problems delay MH responses to AdminManager commands, resulting in command time-outs. You can dis-connect the offending Expansion Hub initially to obtain status from the rest of the system, then connect the Expansion Hub and resolve the communication problem.E-HUB/RAU OffLINK Green The Expansion Hub or connected RAU reports a fault condition; use AdminManager to determine the exact cause of the Expansion Hub and RAU’s faults.Degraded performance or unit may be off-line.Depends on fault condition.E-HUB/RAU RedTable 9-11 Troubleshooting Main Hub Status LEDs During Normal OperationDuringNormal OperationMain Hub Status LEDs State Action ImpactAt Any TimeMAIN HUB STATUS Red Use AdminManager to determine the exact cause of the fault.Power cycle one time. If the fault remains, replace the Main Hub.Internal Main Hub fault.Use AdminManager to check if the Main Hub is commanded Out-of-Service (every Expansion Hub port status LED will be red as well). A power cycle will not clear a com-manded Out-of-Service, you must use AdminManager to clear this state.The Main Hub and all downstream units are off-line.MAIN HUB STATUS Alternating Red/Green Reduce input signal power. Signal compression.Table 9-10 Troubleshooting Main Hub Port LEDs During Normal Operation DuringNormal Operation Main Hub Port LEDs State Action ImpactNote: * applies to earlier firmware versions.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 9-29D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALTroubleshooting9.3.2.2 Troubleshooting Expansion Hub LEDs During Normal Operation• All of the Expansion Hub LINK and E-HUB/RAU LEDs that have RAUs connected should be Green/Green, indicating that the RAU is powered on, communication is established, and operation is normal.• The POWER, EHUB STATUS, DL STATUS, and UL STATUS LEDs should all be Green.Table 9-12 Troubleshooting Expansion Hub Port LEDs During Normal OperationDuringNormal OperationExpansion Hub Port LEDs State Action ImpactRAU is not connectedLINK Red If the RAU was disconnected acci-dentally, re-connect the CAT-5/5E/6 cable. The Expansion Hub’s port LEDs should change to Green/Red (then Green/Green, after 20 seconds, if the Main Hub is connected, powered on, and has band programmed).Use AdminManager’s “Clear All Disconnect Status” command if you are permanently removing the RAU from service. The Expansion Hub’s port LEDs should change to Off/Off.The RAU was previously connected, but it is not currently connected; the RAU cable is disconnected.RAU OffRAU is connectedLINK Red Disconnect/reconnect the CAT-5/5E/6 cable to force power-on reset to the RAU. If the port LEDs remain Red/Off, check for the exact cause of Expansion Hub faults using AdminManager.Lost communications with the RAU. The RAU could have powered down due to over current; cable could have been dam-aged.RAU OffLINK Green The RAU reports a fault condition; check for the exact cause of Expan-sion Hub and RAU faults using AdminManager.Depends on the fault condition.RAU RedNote: * applies to earlier firmware versions.
Troubleshooting9-30 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev KNOTE: When you power cycle the Expansion Hub the UL STATUS LED should be green for approximately 90 seconds before it turns red. If it isn’t, replace the Expan-sion Hub.Table 9-13 Troubleshooting Expansion Hub Status LEDs During Normal OperationDuringNormal OperationExpansion Hub Status LEDs State Action ImpactAt Any Time UL STATUS Red Check uplink fiber for optical loss.Power cycle Expansion Hub one time to check uplink laser.No communications between the Main Hub and the Expansion Hub.Uplink laser failure.DL STATUS Red Check the downlink fiber for opti-cal loss No communications with the Main Hub.E-HUB STATUS Red If either the UL STATUS or the DL STATUS are also red, see above.Cycle power on the Expansion Hub. If fault remains, replace the Expansion Hub.Internal Expansion Hub fault (including either of the above UL STATUS or DL STATUS states).
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 9-31D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALTroubleshooting CAT-5/5E/69.4 Troubleshooting CAT-5/5E/6Refer to Table A-1 on page A-1 for a description of the CAT-5/5E/6 wire assignment. The following table summarizes CAT-5/5E/6 problems if a wire is cut or not wired properly.Table 9-14 Summary of Cat-5/5E/6 Cable Wiring ProblemsType of problem Message Icon Icon* ImpactWire 1 or 2 cut None High phase noise, degraded signal on both Downlink and Uplink (high bit error rate)Wire 3 or 6 cut • No communication with RAUn  RAU unable to communicate with EH, decreased UL gain, or no UL gainWire 4 or 5 cut • Portn UL RF path loss is too high Increased ripple in the uplink path, decreased UL gain, or no UL gain• Portn UL RF path loss is higher than recommendedWire 7 or 8 cut • The DL RF path loss is too high Increased ripple in the downlink path, RAU off-line• The DL RF path loss is higher than recommendedWire 1 to RJ-45 pin 3 or 6 • No communication with RAUn  RAU unable to communicate with EH, RAU’s RS-485 port damaged, degraded performance or RAU off-lineWire 1 to RJ-45 pin 4, 5, 7 or 8 •RAUn over current RAU will not power on.Wire 2 to RJ-45 pin 3 or 6 • No communication with RAUnRAU unable to communicate with EH, RAU’s RS-485 port damaged, degraded performance or RAU off-lineWire 2 to RJ-45 pin 4, 5, 7 or 8 •RAUn over current RAU will not power onWire 3 to RJ-45 pin 4, 5, 7 or 8 • No communication with RAUnRAU unable to communicate with EH, degraded performance or RAU off-lineWire 6 to RJ-45 pin 4, 5, 7 or 8 • No communication with RAUnRAU unable to communicate with EH, degraded performance or RAU off-lineWire 4 to RJ-45 pin 7 or 8 • Portn UL RF path loss is too high Increased ripple in the downlink and uplink path, degraded performance or RAU off-line• Portn UL RF path loss is higher than recommended• The DL RF path loss is too high• The DL RF path loss is higher than recommended
Troubleshooting CAT-5/5E/69-32 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev KWire 5 to RJ-45 pin 7 or 8  • Portn UL RF path loss is too high Increased ripple in the downlink and uplink path, degraded performance or RAU off-line• Portn UL RF path loss is higher than recommended• The DL RF path loss is too high• The DL RF path loss is higher than recommendedTable 9-14 Summary of Cat-5/5E/6 Cable Wiring Problems (continued)Type of problem Message Icon Icon* Impact
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 9-33D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALTechnical Assistance9.5 Technical AssistanceCall the LGC Wireless help hot line for technical assistance:1-800-530-9960 (U.S. only)+1-408-952-2400 (International)Leave your name and phone number and an LGC Wireless customer service repre-sentative will return your call within an hour. Be prepared to provide the following information when you receive the return call:• Company name• End user name• Type of system, model number, frequency• Approximate time in service (warranty), sales order number• Description of problem• LED status• AdminManager faults, warnings, and status messages
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InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual A-1D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALAPPENDIX A Cables and ConnectorsA.1 CAT-5E/6 Cable (ScTP)• Connects the Expansion Hub to the RAU(s)• Transmits (downlink) and receives (uplink) IF signals• Delivers DC electrical power to the RAU(s). The Expansion Hub’s DC voltage output is 36V DC nominal. A current limiting circuit is used to protect the Expan-sion Hub if it reaches its current limit• Carries configuration and status information• Use shielded RJ-45 connectors• Distances:• Minimum: 10 meters (33 ft)• Recommended Maximum: 100 meters (328 ft)• Absolute Maximum: 150 meters (492 ft)Refer to Cat-5/5E/6 Cabling Requirements for Unison Family Field Note (FN04-001) for more information.There are four separate twisted pairs in one CAT-5E/6 screened twisted pair (ScTP) cable. The ScTP cable loss described in this document is for CAT-5 Belden 1624P DataTwist Five cable, or equivalent. Table A-1 lists the functional assignment of the pairs:Table A-1 CAT-5E/6 Twisted Pair AssignmentPair (wire number) Function1 & 2 Clock and Input Voltage3 & 6 RS-4854 & 5 Uplink IF, UL Pilot and Ground7 & 8 Downlink IF, DL Pilot and Ground
CAT-5E/6 Cable (ScTP)A-2 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev KAll CAT-5E/6 cable must be terminated according to the TIA/EIA 568-A standard. Figure A-1 shows the top view of the wiring map for the cable and how the four pairs should be terminated.Figure A-1 Wiring Map for Cat-5E/6 CableThe nominal DC impedance of the CAT-5E/6 cable is 0.08 ohm/meter and the nomi-nal RF impedance is 100 ohm.NOTE: Be sure to test cable termination before installing the cable.NOTE: Belden 1624P DataTwist® Five ScTP cable, or equivalent is required. Belden 1533P/R DataTwist® Five ScTP cable or equivalent is required for CAT-5E. Additionally, Comscope 5ES4/5ENS4 may also be used for CAT-5E. In order to meet FCC and CE Mark emissions requirements, the CAT-5/5E/6 cable must be screened (ScTP) and it must be grounded to the units at both ends (that is, RAU and Expansion Hub) using shielded RJ-45 connectors.12 3 45 6 78BrownBrown/WhiteBlue Blue/WhiteGreen/WhiteGreen OrangeOrange/WhiteRJ-45 Port12345678W-GGW-OBLW-BLOW-BRBR
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 A-3D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALFiber Optical CablesA.2 Fiber Optical Cables• Connects the Main Hub to Expansion Hub(s)• Transmits (downlink) and receives (uplink) optical signals• Carries configuration and status information• Use industry-standard 62.5µm/125µm MMF or Corning SMF-28 fiber, or equiva-lent.• SC/APC (angle-polished) connectors are required throughout the fiber network (port-to-port), including fiber distribution panels• Distances:• Multi-mode Fiber: up to 1.5 km (4,921 ft) – 3 dB optical loss maximum• Single-mode Fiber: up to 6 km (19,685 ft) – 3 dB optical loss maximumA.3 Coaxial Cable• Connects a Main Hub to a repeater or base station (N-type connectors)• Connects an RAU to a passive antenna (SMA connectors)A.4 Standard Modem Cable• Connects a modem to the Main Hub’s front panel serial portFigure A-2 Standard Modem Cable PinoutDB-9 Connector PinDB-25 Connector Pin12345678983220764522
DB-9 to DB-9 Null Modem CableA-4 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev KA.5 DB-9 to DB-9 Null Modem CableUse a DB-9 female to DB-9 female null modem cable to connect the AdminManager PC to a Unison Main Hub. A cable is included with AdminManager. Table A-2 lists the cable pinout and Figure A-3 shows a diagram of its wiring.Figure A-3 DB-9 Female to DB-9 Female Null Modem Cable DiagramTable A-2 DB-9 Female to DB-9 Female Null Modem Cable PinoutFrom Signal To SignalP1-4 DTR P2-6, P2-1 DSR, DCD P1-6 DSR P1-1, P2-4 DCD, DTR P1-3 TXD P2-2 RXD P1-2 RXD P2-3 TXD P1-5 GND P2-5 GND P1-7 RTS P2-8 CTS P1-8 CTS P2-7 RTSP1-9 N/C N/C N/CNote that for each DB-9 connector, pins 1 and 6 are tied together and sent to pin 4 of the opposite connector, providing the required handshake signals.DB-9 Connector PinDB-9 Connector Pin123456789123456789
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 A-5D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALDB-25 to DB-9 Null Modem CableA.6 DB-25 to DB-9 Null Modem CableA DB-25 male to DB-9 female Null modem cable connects a 232 Port Expander to a Unison Main Hub, or to connect a modem to the Main Hub when using OpsConsole to monitor the system. Table A-3 lists the pinout of the cable for Unison and Figure A-4 shows a diagram of its wiring.Figure A-4 DB-25 Male to DB-9 Female Null Modem Cable DiagramTable A-3 DB-25 Male to DB-9 Female Null Modem Cable Pinout25-Pin Signal 9-Pin Signal20236,8754DTRTXRXDSR, DCDGNDCTSRTS1, 6234578DSR, DCDRXTXDTRGNDRTSCTSDB-25 Male Connector PinDB-9 Female Connector Pin1234567820123456789
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InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual B-1D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALAPPENDIX B ComplianceB.1 Unison System Approval Status900 Paging/SMR• Safety: UL 60950 3rd Edition• EMC: FCC part 15 class A• Radio: FCC Part 90Cellular Products• Safety: UL 60950 3rd Edition• EMC: FCC part 15 class A• Radio: FCC Part 22DCS Products• Safety: CB scheme evaluation to IEC 950, 3rd Edition with all national deviations• EMC: EN 301 489-8 V.1.1.1 (2000-09), CISPR 24: 1998• Radio: ETS 300 609-4 V.8.0.2 (2000-10)GSM Products• Safety: CB scheme evaluation to IEC 950, 3rd Edition with all national deviations• Radio: EN 301 502 V.7.0.1 (2000-08)• EMC: EN 301 489-8 V.1.1.1 (2000-09), CISPR 24: 1998
Unison System Approval StatusB-2 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev KiDEN Products• Safety: UL 60950, 3rd Edition• EMC: FCC part 15 class A• Radio: FCC part 90PCS Products• Safety: UL 60950 3rd Edition• EMC: FCC part 15 class A• Radio: FCC part 24• Radio: FCC part 22UMTS Products• Safety: CB scheme evaluation to IEC 950, 3rd Edition with all national deviations• EMC: ETSI TS 125 113 V.4.1.0 (2001-06)• Radio: ETSI TS 125 143 V.4.0.0 (2001-03)AWS Products• Safety: UL 60950 3rd Edition and 60950-1 1st Edition• EMC: FCC part 15 class A• Radio: FCC part 27Public Safety 700 MHz Products• Safety: UL, CSA, CB Scheme certificate to IEC 60950, 3rd Edition, and IEC 60950-1, 1st Edition, with all national deviations• EMC: FCC part 15 class A• Radio: FCC part 27NOTE: For Canadian customers, the Manufacturer’s rated output power1 of this equipment is for single carrier operation. For situations when multiple carrier signals are present, the rating would have to be reduced by 3.5 dB, especially where the output signal is re-radiated and can cause interference 1. “Manufacturer’s rated output power” refers to Unison’s downlink P1dB. The power per carrier tables take into account this power reduction for multiple carriers.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 B-3D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALHuman Exposure to RFto adjacent band users. This power reduction is to be by means of input power or gain reduction and not by an attenuator at the output of the device.NOTE: This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause harm-ful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.This equipment complies with the FCC radiation exposure limits for general popula-tion/uncontrolled exposure environments.Changes or modifications not approved and performed by LGC Wireless may void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.B.2 Human Exposure to RFThe U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has adopted limits of human exposure to radio frequency (RF) emissions from portable or fixed RF systems that are regulated by the FCC. The exposure limits on the incident electric and magnetic fields and power densities are based on ANSI/IEEE and NCRP RF Safety Guidelines. The limits are also prescribed in terms of the mass-normalized rates of internal energy absorption by tissues (specific absorption rates or SARs) which should not exceed 0.08 W/kg as averaged over the whole body and 1.6 W/kg for any 1-g of tissue.Similarly, the U.K. National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) and the Interna-tional Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) have both estab-lished guidelines for maximum RF exposure levels that are likely to not pose health risks. For the general public, ICNIRP recommends maximum exposure levels of 2.0 W/kg for any 10-g of tissue. This recommendation is 5 times lower than that of NRPB.The specific absorption rate (SAR) was measured for a radiated power of 20 dBm (100 mW) which is the maximum radiated for both of the antennas. The highest SAR regions for each of the antennas for separation distances of 0, 1, 2, and 3 cm to the tis-sue-simulant model were determined in the first instance by using a coarser sampling with a step size of 8.0 mm over three overlapping scan areas for a total scan area of 8.0 × 9.6 cm. After identifying the regions of the highest SAR for each of the cases, the SAR distributions were measured with a resolution of 2 mm in order to obtain the peak 1 cm 3 or 1-g SAR.Antenna gain is restricted to 1.5 W ERP (2.49 W EIRP) in order to satisfy RF expo-sure compliance requirements. If higher than 1.5 W ERP, routine MPE evaluation is
Human Exposure to RFB-4 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev Kneeded. The antennas should be installed to provide at least 20 cm from all persons to satisfy MPE requirements of FCC Part 2, 2.1091.This page is intentionally left blank.
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual C-1D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALAPPENDIX C Changes and New CapabilitiesTo check the firmware version of any Unison component, launch AdminManager and right-click on the component icon (main hub, expansion hub, or RAU) in the hierar-chical tree. Select “Get Information” in the pull down menu.LGC recommends that you use the latest firmware to optimize operations of your Unison system. The latest firmware can be downloaded through the LGC Customer Portal, accessible through our main website at www.lgcwireless.com.C.1 New in Rev. K of Manual• Support for 700 MHz Public Safety bandC.2 New in Rev. J of Manual• Support for two new AWS bandsC.3 New in Rev. H. of Manual• Supports scheduled system test.• Supports 1 dB step attenuator and antenna disconnect in UMTS-2.• Antenna disconnect alarm is user selectable between status and warning.• Bookmarks for navigational ease • Link to LGC Wireless customer portal for on-line configuration tools and product compatibility information
New in Rev. G of ManualC-2 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev K• Supports UPS contact closure (UNS-EH-2 only) monitoring at the Expansion Hub• Support for 4 new PCS bands • New system configuration screen shot • Updated Maintenance and troubleshooting sectionC.4 New in Rev. G of Manual• Ability to filter warnings and status messages• Reclassification of some faults to warnings and some warnings to status messages. Faults are service impacting. Warnings are possible service impacting. Status mes-sages are internal states that could impact service but not at the current time.C.5 New in Rev. F of Manual• Added additional reference to Japan Specification DocumentC.6 New in Rev. E of Manual• Added reference to Japan Specification DocumentC.7 New in Rev. D of Manual• Supports 35 MHz PCS RAU• Refer to “Unison Release 5.1” Field Note (FN03-007, formerly FN-024)C.8 New in Rev. C of Manual• Power per Carrier tables• Removed DCS3• EGSM is a subset of GSM
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 C-3D-620003-0-20 Rev K CONFIDENTIALNew in Rev. B of Manual• Unison Cat-5 Extender added• Dual-band Diplexer addedC.9 New in Rev. B of Manual• Supports GSM and EGSM frequency bands using the GSM RAUFrequencies: DL 1815–1850 MHz, UL 1720–1755 MHz• Supports globally downloading firmware updates to multiple units at the same time (that is, all RAUs in a system, then all of the Expansion Hubs, and finally the Main Hub)• Supports reclassification of status messages
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InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual D-1D-620003-0-20 Rev J CONFIDENTIALAPPENDIX D GlossaryAir Interface A method for formatting data and voice onto radio waves. Common air interfaces include AMPS, TDMA, CDMA, and GSM.AIN Advanced Intelligent Network. AINs allow a wireless user to make and receive phone calls while roaming outside the user’s “home” network. These networks, which rely on computers and sophisticated switching techniques, also provide many Personal Communications Service (PCS) features.Amplitude The distance between high and low points of a waveform or signal.AMPS Advanced Mobile Phone Service. AMPS is an analog cellular FDMA sys-tem. It was the basis of the first commercial wireless communication system in the U.S and has been used in more than 35 other countries worldwide. Analog The original method of modulating radio signals so they can carry informa-tion which involves transmitting a continuously variable signal. Amplitude Mod-ification (AM) and Frequency Modulation (FM) are the most common methods of analog modulation. ANSI The American National Standards Institute. A nonprofit, privately funded membership organization founded in 1918 that reviews and approves standards developed by other organizations. AWS Advanced Wireless ServicesAntenna A device for transmitting and/or receiving signals. Attenuation The decrease in power that occurs when any signal is transmitted. Attenuation is measured in decibels (dB). Backhaul A term applied to the process of carrying wireless traffic between the MSC and the base station. Base Station The radio transmitter/receiver that maintains communications with mobile devices within a specific area.
D-2 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev JBSC Base Station Controller. A GSM term referring to the device in charge of man-aging the radio interface in a GSM system, including the allocation and release of radio channels and hand-off of active calls within the system. BTA Basic Trading Area. The U.S. and its territories are divided into 493 areas, called BTAs. These BTAs are composed of a specific list of counties, based on a system originally developed by Rand McNally. The FCC grants licenses to wire-less operators to provide service within these BTAs and/or MTAs. (See MTA.) BTS Base Transceiver Station. A GSM term referring to the group of network devices that provide radio transmission and reception, including antennas. C/I Carrier to interference ratio. The ratio of the desired signal strength to the com-bined interference of all mobile phones using the system. Usually, the interfer-ence of most concern is that provided by mobile phones using the same channel in the system. These are referred to as “co-channel interferers.” CCITT Consultative Committee on International Telephone and Telegraph. This organization sets international communications standards. The CCITT is now known as ITU (the parent organization). CDMA Code Division Multiple Access. A digital wireless access technology that uses spread-spectrum techniques. Unlike alternative systems, such as GSM, that use time-division multiplexing (TDM), CDMA does not assign a specific fre-quency to each user. Instead, every channel uses the full available spectrum. Individual conversations are assigned a unique code which allows the conversa-tion to be spread out over multiple channels; transmitted to the far end; and re-assembled for the recipient using a specific code. CDPD Cellular Digital Packet Data. CDPD allows data transmission over the ana-log wireless network. CDPD breaks data into packets and transmits these packets on idle portions of the network. Cell A cell defines a specific, physical area of coverage of a portion of a wireless system. It is the basic “building block” of all modern wireless communications systems. Cell Site A term which refers to the location of the transmission equipment (e.g., basestation) within the cell. CEPT Conference of European Postal and Telecommunications Administrations. This organization’s mandate is to define pan-European wireless communications standards. In 1982, CEPT mandated GSM as the access protocol for public wire-less communications systems across Europe. Channel The path along which a communications signal is transmitted. Channels may be simplex (communication occurs in only one direction), duplex (commu-nication occurs in both directions) or full duplex (communication occurs in both directions simultaneously).
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual D-3D-620003-0-20 Rev J CONFIDENTIALCircuit A communication connection between two or more points. A circuit can transmit either voice or data. CO Central Office. The main switching facility for a telecommunications system. CTIA Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association. The CTIA is an industry association made up of most of the wireless carriers and other industry players. It was formed in 1984 to promote the cellular industry and cellular technology. D-AMPS Digital Advanced Mobile Phone Service. See IS-54. dB Decibel. A unit for expressing the ratio of two amounts of power. It is often used in wireless to describe the amount of power loss in a system (i.e., the ratio of transmitted power to received power). DCS Digital Communications System. DCS is often called “upbanded GSM” since it is the GSM access scheme adopted to operate in the 1700–1800 MHz portion of the spectrum. Digital A method of storing, processing, and transmitting information by represent-ing information as “0s” and “1s” via electrical pulses. Digital systems have largely replaced analog systems because they can carry more data at higher speed than analog transmission systems. Electromagnetic Spectrum Electrical wave forms in frequency ranges as low as 535 kHz (AM radio) and as high as 29 GHz (cable TV). ESMR Enhanced Specialized Mobile Radio. Digital mobile telephone services offered to the public over channels previously used for two-way analog dispatch services. ESMR provides digital mobile radio and telephone service as well as messaging and dispatch features. ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute. ETSI was established in 1988 to set standards for Europe in telecommunications, broadcasting and office information technology. FCC Federal Communications Commission. In the United States, the FCC is responsible for the management and regulation of communication policy for all public communications services, including wireless. FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access. A wireless access protocol that assigns each user a specific radio channel for use. Since FDMA only supports one user (or conversation) on each channel, it does not maximize use of the spec-trum and is therefore largely been superseded by other access protocols (such as CDMA, TDMA, GSM, iDEN) that support multiple users on a single channel. Frequency Hopping A wireless signal transmission technique whereby the fre-quency used to carry a signal is periodically changed, according to a predeter-mined code, to another frequency.
D-4 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev JFixed An ITU definition for radio communications between specified fixed points. Point-to-point high-frequency circuits and microwave links are two examples of fixed applications. FM Frequency Modulation. A method of transmitting information in which the fre-quency of the carrier is modified according to a plan agreed to by the transmitter and the receiver. FM can be either analog or digital. Forward Channel Refers to the radio channel that sends information from the base station to the mobile station. (See Reverse Channel.) Frequency The number of times an electrical signal repeats an identical cycle in a unit of time, normally one second. One Hertz (Hz) is one cycle per second. Frequency re-use The ability to use the same frequencies repeatedly across a cellu-lar system. Because each cell is designed to use radio frequencies only within its boundaries, the same frequencies can be reused in other cells not far away with little potential for interference. The reuse of frequencies is what enables a cellu-lar system to handle a huge number of calls with a limited number of channels. Gain The increase in power that occurs when any signal is amplified, usually through an amplifier or antenna. GHz Gigahertz. A measure of frequency equal to one billion hertz. GSM Groupe Speciale Mobile (now translated in English as Global Standard for Mobile Communications). GSM is the digital wireless standard used throughout Europe, in much of Asia, as well as by some operators in the U.S. and South America. Handoff The process by which the wireless system passes a wireless phone conver-sation from one radio frequency in one cell to another radio frequency in another as the caller moves between two cells. In most systems today, this handoff is per-formed so quickly that callers don’t notice. Hertz A measurement of electromagnetic energy, equivalent to one “wave” per sec-ond. Hertz is abbreviated as “Hz”. iDEN Integrated Digital Enhanced Network. A TDMA-based wireless access tech-nology that combines two-way radio, telephone, text message, and data transmis-sion into one network. This system was developed by Motorola. In the U.S., iDEN is used by Nextel in its network. IEEE The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. The world’s largest technical professional society with members from more than 130 countries. The IEEE works to advance the theory and practice of electrical, electronics, com-puter engineering and computer science. Infrastructure A term used to encompass all of the equipment, including both hard-ware and software, used in a communications network.
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual D-5D-620003-0-20 Rev J CONFIDENTIALIS-54 Interim Standard-54. A U.S. TDMA cellular standard that operates in the 800 MHz or 1900 MHz band. IS-54 was the first U.S. digital cellular standard. It was adopted by the CTIA in 1990. IS-95 Interim Standard-95. A U.S. CDMA cellular standard that operates in the 800 MHz or 1900 MHz band. This standard was developed by Qualcomm and adopted by the CTIA in 1993. IS-136 Interim Standard-136. A U.S. TDMA cellular standard based on IS-54 that operates in the 800 MHz or 1900 MHz band. IS-553 Interim Standard-533. The U.S. analog cellular (AMPS) air interface stan-dard. ITU International Telecommunications Union. The ITU is the principal interna-tional standards organization. It is charted by the United Nations and it estab-lishes international regulations governing global telecommunications networks and services. Its headquarters are in Geneva, Switzerland. LMDS Local Multipoint Distribution Services. LMDS provides line-of-sight cover-age over distances up to 3–5 kilometers and operates in the 28 GHz portion of the spectrum. It can deliver high speed, high bandwidth services such as data and video applications. Local Loop A communication channel (usually a physical phone line) between a subscriber’s location and the network’s Central Office. MHz Megahertz. One million Hertz. One MHz equals one million cycles per sec-ond. Microcell A network cell designed to serve a smaller area than larger macrocells. Microcells are smaller and lower powered than macrocells. As the subscriber base increases, operators must continue to increase the number of cells in their network to maximize channel re-use. This has led to an increasing number of microcells being deployed in wireless networks. Microwave Electromagnetic waves with frequencies above 1 GHz. Microwave communications are used for line-of-sight, point-to-point, or point-to-multipoint communications. MSA Metropolitan Statistical Area. The FCC has established 306 MSAs in the U.S. The MSAs represent the largest population centers in the U.S. At least two wire-less operators are licensed in each MSA. MSC Mobile Services Switching Center. A generic term for the main cellular switching center in the wireless communications network. MSS Mobile Satellite Service. Communications transmission service provided by satellites. A single satellite can provide coverage to the entire United States. MTA Major Trading Area. The U.S. and its territories are divided into 51 MTAs. Each MTA is composed of a specific number of BTAs. The FCC grants licenses
D-6 InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference ManualCONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev Jto wireless operators to provide service within these MTAs and/or BTAs. (See BTA.) Multiplexing The simultaneous transmission of two or more signals on the same radio (or other) transmission facility. N-AMPS Narrowband Advanced Mobile Phone Service. PCMCIA Personal Computer Memory Card International Association. This acro-nym is used to refer to credit card sized packages containing memory, I/O devices and other capabilities for use in Personal Computers, handheld comput-ers and other devices. PCS Personal Communications Service. A vague label applied to new-generation mobile communication technology that uses the narrow band and broadband spectrum recently allocated in the 1.9 GHz band. PDA Personal Digital Assistant. Portable computing devices that are extremely por-table and that offer a variety of wireless communication capabilities, including paging, electronic mail, stock quotations, handwriting recognition, facsimile, cal-endar, and other information handling capabilities. PDC Personal Digital Cellular (formerly Japanese Digital Cellular). A TDMA-based digital cellular standard that operates in the 1500 MHz band. Phase The particular angle of inflection of a wave at a precise moment in time. It is normally measured in terms of degrees. PHS Personal Handyphone System. A wireless telephone standard, developed and first deployed in Japan. It is a low mobility, small-cell system. POP Short for “population”. One person equals one POP. POTS Plain Old Telephone Service. POTS Plain Old Telephone Service. PS Public Safety. Reverse Channel Refers to the radio channel that sends information from a mobile station to a base station. (See Forward Channel.) RF Radio Frequency. Those frequencies in the electromagnetic spectrum that are associated with radio wave propagation. Roaming The ability to use a wireless phone to make and receive calls in places outside one's home calling area. RSA Rural Service Area. One of the 428 FCC-designated rural markets across the United States used as license areas for cellular licenses. (See MTAs and BTAs.) Sector A portion of a cell. Often, different sectors within the same cell will each use a different set of frequencies to maximize spectrum utilization.
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual D-7D-620003-0-20 Rev J CONFIDENTIALSignal to Noise Ratio The ratio of signal power to noise power at a given point in a given system. Smart Antenna Refers to an antenna whose signal handling characteristics change as signal conditions change. Soft Handoff Virtually undetectable by the user, soft handoff allows both the origi-nal cell and a new cell to serve a call temporarily during the handoff transition. Spectrum The range of electromagnetic frequencies. Spread Spectrum A method of transmitting a signal over a broad range of frequen-cies and then re-assembling the transmission at the far end. This technique reduces interference and increases the number of simultaneous conversations within a given radio frequency band. T-1 A North American commercial digital transmission standard. A T-1 connection uses time division multiplexing to carry 24 digital voice or data channels over copper wire. TDMA Time Division Multiple Access. A method of digital wireless communica-tions that allows multiple users to access (in sequence) a single radio frequency channel without interference by allocating unique time slots to each user within each channel. TIA Telecommunications Industry Association. TR-45 One of six committees of the Telecommunications Industry Association. TR-45 oversees the standard making process for wireless telecommunications. Upbanded A service or technology that has been re-engineered to operate at a higher frequency than originally designed. Wireless Describes any radio-based system that allows transmission of voice and/or data signals through the air without a physical connection, such as a metal wire or fiber optic cable. Wireline Wire paths that use metallic conductors to provide electrical connections between components of a system, such as a communication system. WLANs Wireless Local Area Networks. Technology that provides wireless com-munications to Portable Computer users over short distances.
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