ADC Telecommunications UNS-PS70-1 In-Building Wireless Networking System User Manual unison

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InterReach Unison
Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
CONFIDENTIAL
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
This manual is produced for use by LGC Wireless personnel, licensees, and customers. The
information contained herein is the property of LGC Wireless. No part of this document
may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
for any purpose, without the express written permission of LGC Wireless.
LGC Wireless reserves the right to make changes, without notice, to the specifications and
materials contained herein, and shall not be responsible for any damages caused by reliance
on the material as presented, including, but not limited to, typographical and listing errors.
Your comments are welcome – they help us improve our products and documentation.
Please address your comments to LGC Wireless, Inc. corporate headquarters in San Jose,
California:
Address
2540 Junction Avenue
San Jose, California
95134-1902 USA
Attn: Marketing Dept.
Phone
1-408-952-2400
Fax
1-408-952-2410
Help Hot Line
1-800-530-9960 (U.S. only)
+1-408-952-2400 (International)
Web Address
http://www.lgcwireless.com
e-mail
info@lgcwireless.com
service@lgcwireless.com
Copyright © 2008 by LGC Wireless, Inc. Printed in USA. All rights reserved.
Trademarks
All trademarks identified by ™ or ® are trademarks or registered trademarks of LGC
Wireless, Inc. All other trademarks belong to their respective owners.
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
CONFIDENTIAL
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
Limited Warranty
Seller warrants articles of its manufacture against defective materials or workmanship for a
period of one year from the date of shipment to Purchaser, except as provided in any warranty
applicable to Purchaser on or in the package containing the Goods (which warranty takes
precedence over the following warranty). The liability of Seller under the foregoing warranty
is limited, at Seller’s option, solely to repair or replacement with equivalent Goods, or an
appropriate adjustment not to exceed the sales price to Purchaser, provided that (a) Seller is
notified in writing by Purchaser, within the one year warranty period, promptly upon
discovery of defects, with a detailed description of such defects, (b) Purchaser has obtained a
Return Materials Authorization (RMA) from Seller, which RMA Seller agrees to provide
Purchaser promptly upon request, (c) the defective Goods are returned to Seller,
transportation and other applicable charges prepaid by the Purchaser, and (d) Seller’s
examination of such Goods discloses to its reasonable satisfaction that defects were not
caused by negligence, misuse, improper installation, improper maintenance, accident or
unauthorized repair or alteration or any other cause outside the scope of Purchaser’s warranty
made hereunder. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Seller shall have the option to repair any
defective Goods at Purchaser’s facility. The original warranty period for any Goods that have
been repaired or replaced by seller will not thereby be extended. In addition, all sales will be
subject to standard terms and conditions on the sales contract.
Licensed Operators
LGC Wireless’ equipment is designed to operate in the licensed frequency bands of mobile,
cellular, and PCS operators. In the USA, the EU, and most countries this equipment may
only be used by the licensee, his authorized agents or those with written authorization to do
so. Similarly, unauthorized use is illegal, and subjects the owner to the corresponding legal
sanctions of the national jurisdiction involved. Ownership of LGC Wireless equipment
carries no automatic right of use.
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
CONFIDENTIAL
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
CONFIDENTIAL
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
Table of Contents
SECTION 1
General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
SECTION 2
Firmware Release . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Purpose and Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Conventions in this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Acronyms in this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Standards Conformance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Related Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1-2
1-2
1-3
1-4
1-6
1-6
InterReach Unison System Description . . . . . . 2-1
2.1 System Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
2.2 System OA&M Capabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
2.2.1 OA&M Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7
2.2.2 Using Alarm Contacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9
2.3 System Connectivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11
2.4 System Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12
2.5 System Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13
2.5.1
2.5.2
2.5.3
2.5.4
SECTION 3
InterReach Unison Wavelength and Laser Power . . . . . . . . .
Environmental Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Operating Frequencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RF End-to-End Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-14
2-14
2-15
2-16
Unison Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
3.1 Main Hub Front Panel
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
3.1.1 Optical Fiber Uplink/Downlink Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
3.1.2 Communications RS-232 Serial Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
3.1.3 LED Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4
3.2 Main Hub Rear Panel
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7
3.2.1 Main Hub Rear Panel Connectors
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8
3.3 Main Hub Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9
3.4 Faults, Warnings, and Status Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10
3.4.1 Description
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
CONFIDENTIAL
3.4.2 View Preference
SECTION 4
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10
Unison Expansion Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
4.1 Expansion Hub Front Panel
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
4.1.1 RJ-45 Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
4.1.2 Optical Fiber Uplink/Downlink Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
4.1.3 LED Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
4.2 Expansion Hub Rear Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6
4.3 Faults, Warnings, and Status Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7
4.4 Expansion Hub Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8
SECTION 5
Unison Remote Access Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1
5.1 Remote Access Unit Connectors
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
5.1.1 SMA Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
5.1.2 RJ-45 Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
SECTION 6
LED Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Faults, Warnings, and Status Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Remote Access Unit Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RAUs in a Dual Band System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5-4
5-6
5-6
5-7
Designing a Unison Solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1
6.1 Maximum Output Power Per Carrier at RAU
6.1.1
6.1.2
6.1.3
6.1.4
6.1.5
6.1.6
6.1.7
6.1.8
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3
800 MHz Cellular . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4
800 MHz iDEN/SMR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5
900 MHz GSM and EDGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6
1800 MHz DCS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-7
1900 MHz PCS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8
2.1 GHz UMTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-9
1.7/2.1 GHz AWS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-9
700 MHz Public Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10
6.2 Estimating RF Coverage
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-12
6.2.1 Path Loss Equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-13
6.2.2 Coverage Distance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-14
6.2.3 Examples of Design Estimates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-19
6.3 System Gain
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-23
6.3.1 System Gain (Loss) Relative to ScTP Cable Length
6.4 Link Budget Analysis
. . . . . . . 6-23
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-24
6.4.1 Elements of a Link Budget for Narrowband Standards . . . . .
6.4.2 Narrowband Link Budget Analysis
for a Microcell Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.4.3 Elements of a Link Budget for CDMA Standards . . . . . . . . .
6.4.4 CDMA Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell Application .
6.4.5 Considerations for Re-Radiation (Over-the-Air) Systems . . .
6-24
6-27
6-29
6-32
6-35
6.5 Optical Power Budget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-36
6.6 Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-37
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CONFIDENTIAL
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
6.6.1 Attenuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-38
6.6.2 Uplink Attenuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-39
6.6.3 RAU Attenuation and ALC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-41
6.7 Designing for a Neutral Host System
SECTION 7
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-44
Installing Unison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1
7.1 Installation Requirements
7.1.1
7.1.2
7.1.3
7.1.4
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1
Component Location Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cable and Connector Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Multiple Operator System Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . .
Distance Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.2 Safety Precautions
7-2
7-2
7-2
7-2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-4
7.2.1 Installation Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-4
7.2.2 General Safety Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-4
7.2.3 Fiber Port Safety Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-5
7.3 Preparing for System Installation
7.3.1
7.3.2
7.3.3
7.3.4
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-6
Pre-Installation Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installation Checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tools and Materials Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Optional Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.4 Unison Component Installation Procedures
7.4.1
7.4.2
7.4.3
7.4.4
7.4.5
7.4.6
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-11
Installing a Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installing Expansion Hubs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installing RAUs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installing a Dual-Band RAU Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using a Cat-5 Extender . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Configuring the System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.5 Splicing Fiber Optic Cable
7.5.1 Fusion Splices
7-6
7-6
7-9
7-9
7-13
7-18
7-23
7-27
7-29
7-30
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-33
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-33
7.6 Interfacing a Main Hub to a Base Station
or a Roof-top Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-35
7.6.1 Connecting Multiple Main Hubs
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-38
7.7 Connecting Contact Alarms to a Unison System
7.7.1 Alarm Source
7.7.2 Alarm Sense
7.7.3 Alarm Cables
7.8 Alarm Monitoring Connectivity Options
7.8.1
7.8.2
7.8.3
7.8.4
7.8.5
7.8.6
SECTION 8
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-51
Direct Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Modem Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RS-232 Port Expander Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
POTS Line Sharing Switch Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ethernet and ENET/RS-232 Serial Hub Connection . . . . . .
Network Interface Unit (NIU) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7-51
7-52
7-53
7-54
7-55
7-56
Replacing Unison Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1
8.1 Replacing an RAU
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
. . . . . . . . . 7-42
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-43
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-46
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-49
iii
CONFIDENTIAL
8.2 Replacing an Expansion Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3
8.3 Replacing a Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-4
SECTION 9
Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical
Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1
9.1 Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1
9.2 Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2
9.3 Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-3
9.3.1 Troubleshooting using AdminManager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-4
9.3.2 Troubleshooting using LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-27
9.4 Troubleshooting CAT-5/5E/6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-31
9.5 Technical Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-33
APPENDIX A
Cables and Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1
A.1
A.2
A.3
A.4
A.5
A.6
APPENDIX B
CAT-5E/6 Cable (ScTP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1
Fiber Optical Cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-3
Coaxial Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-3
Standard Modem Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-3
DB-9 to DB-9 Null Modem Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-4
DB-25 to DB-9 Null Modem Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-5
Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1
B.1 Unison System Approval Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1
B.2 Human Exposure to RF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-3
APPENDIX C
Changes and New Capabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1
C.1
C.2
C.3
C.4
C.5
C.6
C.7
C.8
C.9
APPENDIX D
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CONFIDENTIAL
New in Rev. K of Manual
New in Rev. J of Manual
New in Rev. H. of Manual
New in Rev. G of Manual
New in Rev. F of Manual
New in Rev. E of Manual
New in Rev. D of Manual
New in Rev. C of Manual
New in Rev. B of Manual
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-3
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-1
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
List of Figures
Figure 2-1 Unison System Hardware
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
Figure 2-2 OA&M Communications
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
Figure 2-3 Local System Monitoring and Reporting
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7
Figure 2-4 Remote System Monitoring and Reporting
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8
Figure 2-5 Alarm Source
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9
Figure 2-6 Alarm Sense.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10
Figure 2-7 Unison’s Double Star Architecture
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11
Figure 2-8 Downlink (Base Station to Wireless Devices)
Figure 2-9 Uplink (Wireless Devices to Base Station)
Figure 3-1 Main Hub in a Unison System
Figure 3-2 Main Hub Block Diagram
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
Figure 3-3 Main Hub Front Panel
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
Figure 3-4 Main Hub Rear Panel
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7
Figure 4-1 Expansion Hub in a Unison System
Figure 4-2 Expansion Hub Block Diagram
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
Figure 4-3 Expansion Hub Front Panel
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
Figure 4-4 Expansion Hub Rear Panel
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6
Figure 5-1 Remote Access Unit in a Unison System
Figure 5-2 Remote Access Unit Block Diagram
Figure 5-3 Dual-Port Antenna Configuration
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7
Figure 6-1 Determining Path Loss between the Antenna and the Wireless Device
Figure 6-2 Connecting Main Hubs to a Simplex Base Station
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-37
Figure 6-3 Main Hub to Duplex Base Station or Repeater Connections
Figure 6-4 ALC Operation
. . . . . . . . 6-38
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-41
Figure 7-1 Mounting Bracket Detail
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-13
Figure 7-2 Mounting Bracket Installation
Figure 7-3 800 MHz Spectrum
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-19
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-24
Figure 7-4 Guideline for Unison RAU Antenna Placement
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-24
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CONFIDENTIAL
Figure 7-5 Dual Band RAU Configuration
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-28
Figure 7-6 Dual-Port Antenna Configuration
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-29
Figure 7-7 Simplex Base Station to a Main Hub
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-35
Figure 7-8 Duplex Base Station to a Main Hub
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-36
Figure 7-9 Connecting a Main Hub to Multiple Base Stations
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-37
Figure 7-10 Connecting Two Main Hubs to a Simplex Repeater or Base Station
. . 7-39
Figure 7-11 Connecting Two Main Hubs to a Duplex Repeater or Base Station
. . 7-41
Figure 7-12 Connecting MetroReach to Unison
Figure 7-13 Using a BTS to Monitor Unison
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-43
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-44
Figure 7-14 Using a BTS and OpsConsole to Monitor Unison
Figure 7-15 Connecting LGCell to Unison
Figure 7-16 Alarm Sense Contacts
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-45
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-46
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-46
Figure 7-17 5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-49
Figure 7-18 Alarm Sense Adapter Cable
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-50
Figure 7-19 OA&M Direct Connection
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-51
Figure 7-20 OA&M Modem Connection
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-52
Figure 7-21 OA&M Connection using an RS-232 Port Expander
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-53
Figure 7-22 OA&M Connection using a POTS Line Sharing Switch
Figure 7-23 Cascading Line Sharing Switches
. . . . . . . . . . . 7-54
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-54
Figure 7-24 OA&M Connection using Ethernet and ENET/232 Serial Hub
Figure 7-25 Network Interface Unit (NIU) Configuration Options
. . . . . . 7-55
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-56
Figure 7-26 Multiple Unison Systems Monitored
by a Single Network Management System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-57
Figure A-1 Wiring Map for Cat-5E/6 Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-2
Figure A-2 Standard Modem Cable Pinout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-3
Figure A-3 DB-9 Female to DB-9 Female Null Modem Cable Diagram . . . . . . . .A-4
Figure A-4 DB-25 Male to DB-9 Female Null Modem Cable Diagram . . . . . . . . .A-5
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D-620003-0-20 Rev K
List of Tables
Table 1-1
Type Style Conventions
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
Table 2-1
AdminManager and OpsConsole Functional Differences
Table 2-2
AdminManager and OpsConsole Connectivity Differences
Table 2-3
System Specifications
Table 2-4
InterReach Unison Wavelength and Laser Power
Table 2-5
Environmental Specifications
. . . . . . . . . 2-6
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14
Table 2-6
Operating Frequencies
Table 2-7
Cellular RF End-to-End Performance
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15
Table 2-8
iDEN RF End-to-End Performance
Table 2-9
GSM/EGSM RF End-to-End Performance
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-17
Table 2-10
DCS RF End-to-End Performance
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-17
Table 2-11
PCS RF End-to-End Performance
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-18
Table 2-12
UMTS RF End-to-End Performance**
Table 2-13
AWS RF End-to-End Performance
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-18
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-19
Table 2-14
Public Safety 700 MHz RF End-to-End Performance
Table 3-1
Main Hub Status LED States
. . . . . . . . . . . . 2-19
Table 3-2
Main Hub Port LED States
Table 3-3
9-pin D-sub Connector Functions
Table 3-4
Main Hub Specifications
Table 4-1
Expansion Hub Unit Status and DL/UL Status LED States
Table 4-2
Expansion Hub Port LED States
Table 4-3
DB-9 Pin Connectors
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9
. . . . . . . . . 4-4
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6
Table 4-4
Expansion Hub Specifications
Table 5-1
Frequency Bands covered by Unison RAUs
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8
Table 5-2
Remote Access Unit LED States
Table 5-3
Remote Access Unit Specifications
Table 6-1
Cellular Power per Carrier
Table 6-2
iDEN/SMR Power per Carrier
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5
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. . . . . . . . . . 2-5
vii
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CONFIDENTIAL
Table 6-3
GSM and EDGE Power per Carrier
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6
Table 6-4
DCS Power per Carrier
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-7
Table 6-5
PCS Power per Carrier
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8
Table 6-6
UMTS Power per Carrier**
Table 6-7
AWS Power per Carrier
Table 6-8
Public Safety 700 MHz Power per Carrier
Table 6-9
900 MHz Paging/SMR/iDEN
Table 6-10
800 MHz Cellular/1900 MHz PCS Power per Carrier
Table 6-11
Coaxial Cable Losses (Lcoax)
Table 6-12
Average Signal Loss of Common Building Materials
Table 6-13
Estimated Path Loss Slope for Different In-Building Environments
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-9
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-9
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10
. . . . . . . . . . . . 6-11
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-12
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-13
. 6-14
Table 6-14
Frequency Bands and the Value of the first Term in Equation (3)
Table 6-15
Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna
for 800 MHz Cellular Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-15
. . . 6-15
Table 6-16
Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna
for 800 MHz iDEN Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-16
Table 6-17
Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna
for 900 MHz GSM Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-16
Table 6-18
Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna
for 900 MHz EGSM Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-16
Table 6-19
Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna
for 1800 MHz DCS Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-17
Table 6-20
Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna
for 1800 MHz CDMA (Korea) Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-17
Table 6-21
Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna
for 1900 MHz PCS Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-17
Table 6-22
Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna
for 2.1 GHz UMTS Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-17
Table 6-23
Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna
for 1.7/2.1 GHz AWS Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-18
Table 6-24
Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna
for 700 MHz Public Safety Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-18
Table 6-25
System Gain (Loss) Relative to ScTP Cable Length
Table 6-26
Link Budget Considerations for Narrowband Systems
Table 6-27
Narrowband Link Budget Analysis: Downlink
Table 6-28
Narrowband Link Budget Analysis: Uplink
Table 6-29
Distribution of Power within a CDMA Signal
Table 6-30
Additional Link Budget Considerations for CDMA
Table 6-31
CDMA Link Budget Analysis: Downlink
Table 6-32
CDMA Link Budget Analysis: Uplink
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-23
. . . . . . . . . . . . 6-25
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-27
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-28
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-29
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-30
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-32
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-34
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
Table 6-33
Frequency Bands Adjacent to System Configured Bands
Table 6-34
Unison Capacity: Equal Coverage Areas
Table 7-1
Unison Distance Requirements
Table 7-2
Installation Checklist
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-6
Table 7-3
Tools and Materials Required for Component Installation
Table 7-4
Optional Accessories for Component Installation
. . . . . . . . . . 7-9
Table 7-5
Troubleshooting Main Hub LEDs During Installation
Table 7-6
Troubleshooting Expansion Hub LEDs During Installation
Table 7-7
Troubleshooting RAU LEDs During Installation
Table 7-8
Maximum/Minimum Cable Lengths
Table 7-9
Alarm Types
Table 7-10
Pin Connections
Table 7-11
Input Electrical Characteristics
Table 7-12
Output Electrical Characteristics
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-48
Table 9-1
Faults Reported by the Main Hub
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-6
Table 9-2
Faults Reported by the Expansion Hub
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-9
. . . . . . . . . . . . 7-16
. . . . . . . . 7-22
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-26
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-30
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-42
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-47
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-47
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-10
Table 9-3
Faults Reported by the RAU
Table 9-4
Warnings Reported by the Main Hub
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-16
Table 9-5
Warnings Reported by the Expansion Hub
Table 9-6
Warnings Reported by the RAU
Table 9-7
Status Messages Reported by the Main Hub
Table 9-8
Status Messages Reported by the Expansion Hub
Table 9-9
Status Messages Reported by the RAU
Table 9-10
Troubleshooting Main Hub Port LEDs During Normal Operation
Table 9-11
Troubleshooting Main Hub Status LEDs During Normal Operation
Table 9-12
Troubleshooting Expansion Hub Port LEDs
During Normal Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-29
Table 9-13
Troubleshooting Expansion Hub Status LEDs
During Normal Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-30
Table 9-14
Table A-1
Table A-2
Table A-3
Summary of Cat-5/5E/6 Cable Wiring Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-31
CAT-5E/6 Twisted Pair Assignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1
DB-9 Female to DB-9 Female Null Modem Cable Pinout . . . . . . . . . . A-4
DB-25 Male to DB-9 Female Null Modem Cable Pinout . . . . . . . . . . . A-5
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-17
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-20
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-21
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-22
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-24
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-26
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
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. . . . . . . . . 6-43
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-46
. . . 9-27
. 9-28
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CONFIDENTIAL
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
SECTION 1
General Information
This section contains the following subsections:
• Section 1.1 Firmware Release . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
• Section 1.2 Purpose and Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
• Section 1.3 Conventions in this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
• Section 1.4 Acronyms in this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
• Section 1.5 Standards Conformance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6
• Section 1.6 Related Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
1-1
CONFIDENTIAL
Firmware Release
1.1
Firmware Release
For the latest Firmware Release and associated documentation, access the
LGC Wireless customer portal at LGCWireless.com.
1.2
Purpose and Scope
This document describes the InterReachTM Unison system components.
• Section 2
InterReach Unison System Description
This section provides an overview of the Unison hardware and OA&M capabilities. It also contains system specifications and RF end-to-end performance tables.
• Section 3
Unison Main Hub
This section illustrates and describes the Main Hub. This section also includes connector and LED descriptions, communication cable (serial and null modem) pin
outs, and unit specifications.
• Section 4
Unison Expansion Hub
This section illustrates and describes the Expansion Hub, as well as connector and
LED descriptions, and unit specifications.
• Section 5
Unison Remote Access Unit
This section illustrates and describes the Remote Access Unit, as well as connector
and LED descriptions, and unit specifications.
• Section 6
Designing a Unison Solution
This section provides tools to aid you in designing your Unison system, including
tables of the maximum output power per carrier at the RAU and formulas and
tables for calculating path loss, coverage distance, and link budget.
• Section 7
Installing Unison
This section contains installation procedures, requirements, safety precautions, and
checklists. The installation procedures include guidelines for troubleshooting using
the LEDs as you install the units.
• Section 8
Replacing Unison Components
This section provides installation procedures and considerations when you are
replacing a Unison component in an operating system.
• Section 9
Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical Assistance
This section contains contact information and troubleshooting tables.
1-2
CONFIDENTIAL
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
Conventions in this Manual
• Appendix A Cables and Connectors
This appendix contains connector and cable descriptions and requirements, as well
as cable pin outs and diagrams.
Appendix B Compliance
This appendix lists safety and Radio/EMC approvals.
• Appendix C Changes and New Capabilities1
This appendix contains a hardware/firmware/software compatibility.
• Appendix D Glossary
The Glossary provides definitions of commonly-used RF and wireless networking
terms.
1.3
Conventions in this Manual
Table 1-1lists the type style conventions used in this manual.
Table 1-1
Type Style Conventions
Convention
Description
bold
Used for emphasis
BOLD CAPS
Labels on equipment
SMALL CAPS
AdminManager window buttons
Measurements are listed first in metric units, followed by U.S. Customary System of
units in parentheses. For example:
0° to 45°C (32° to 113°F)
The following symbols highlight certain information as described.
NOTE: This format emphasizes text with special significance or importance, and provides supplemental information.
1. For Japan, refer to the separate addendum: Japan Specification Document
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960
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1-3
CONFIDENTIAL
Acronyms in this Manual
CAUTION: This format is used when a given action or omitted
action can cause or contribute to a hazardous condition. Damage to
the equipment can occur.
WARNING: This format is used when a given action or omitted action
can result in catastrophic damage to the equipment or cause injury to
the user.
Procedure
This format highlights a procedure.
1.4
1-4
CONFIDENTIAL
Acronyms in this Manual
Acronym
Definition
AGC
automatic gain control
ALC
automatic level control
AMPS
Advanced Mobile Phone Service
AWS
Advanced Wireless Services
BTS
base transceiver station
Cat-5/6
Category 5 or Category 6 (twisted pair cable)
CDMA
code division multiple access
CDPD
cellular digital packet data
DAS
distributed antenna system
dB
decibel
dBm
decibels relative to 1 milliwatt
DC
direct current
DCS
Digital Communications System
DL
downlink
EDGE
Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution
EGSM
Extended Global Standard for Mobile Communications
EH
Expansion Hub
GHz
gigahertz
GPRS
General Packet Radio Service
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
Acronyms in this Manual
Acronym
Definition
GSM
Groupe Speciale Mobile (now translated in English as Global Standard
for Mobile Communications)
Hz
hertz
IF
intermediate frequency
iDEN
Integrated Digital Enhanced Network (Motorola variant of TDMA
wireless)
LAN
local area network
LO
local oscillator
mA
milliamps
MBS
microcellular base station
MH
Main Hub
MHz
megahertz
MMF
multi-mode fiber
MTBF
mean time between failures
NF
noise figure
nm
nanometer
OA&M
operation, administration, and maintenance
PCS
Personal Communication Services
PLL
phase-locked loop
PLS
path loss slope
PS
Public Safety
RAU
Remote Access Unit
RF
radio frequency
RSSI
received signal strength indicator
SC/APC
fiber optic connector complying with NTT SC standard, angle-polished
SMA
sub-miniature A connector (coaxial cable connector type)
SMF
single-mode fiber
ST
straight tip (fiber optic cable connector type)
ScTP
screened twisted pair
TDMA
time division multiple access
UL
uplink; Underwriters Laboratories
uW
microwatts
UMTS
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
UPS
uninterruptable power supply
watt
WCDMA
wideband code division multiple access
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
1-5
CONFIDENTIAL
Standards Conformance
1.5
Standards Conformance
• Utilizes the TIA/EIA 568-A Ethernet cabling standards for ease of installation.
• Refer to Appendix B for compliance information.
1.6
Related Publications
• AdminManager User Manual, LGC Wireless part number 8810-10
• OpsConsole User Manual; LGC Wireless part number 8800-10
• MetroReach Focus Configuration, Installation, and Reference Manual; LGC
Wireless part number 8500-10
• LGCell Version 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual; LGC Wireless
part number 8100-50
• Neutral Host System Planning Guide; LGC Wireless part number 9000-10
• Unison Release 5.1 Field Note, LGC Wireless FN03-007 (formerly, FN-024)
• Unison Release 5.4 Field Note, LGC Wireless FN04-002
• Unison Release 5.5 Field Note, LGC Wireless FN04-004
• Unison Release 5.6 Field Note, LGC Wireless FN05-001
• Cat-5/5E/6 Cabling Requirements for Unison Family Field Note, LGC Wireless
FN04-001.
1-6
CONFIDENTIAL
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
SECTION 2
InterReach Unison System
Description
InterReach Unison is an intelligent fiber optic/Cat-5/5E/6 wireless networking system
designed to handle both wireless voice and data communications and provide
high-quality, ubiquitous, seamless access to the wireless network in any public or private facility, including:
• Campus environments
• Airports
• Office buildings
• Shopping malls
• Hospitals
• Subways
• Public facilities (convention centers, sports venues, and so on.)
Unlike other wireless distribution alternatives, Unison is an intelligent, active system,
using microprocessors to enable key capabilities such as software-selectable band settings, automatic gain control, ability to incrementally adjust downlink/uplink gain,
end-to-end alarming of all components and the associated cable infrastructure, and a
host of additional capabilities.
The Unison system supports major wireless standards and air interface protocols in
use around the world, including:
• Frequencies: 700 MHz, 800 MHz, 900 MHz, 1700 MHz, 1800 MHz, 1900 MHz,
2100 MHz
• Voice Protocols: AMPS, TDMA, CDMA, GSM, iDEN,
• Data Protocols: CDPD, EDGE, GPRS, WCDMA, CDMA2000, 1xRTT, EV-DO,
and Paging
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
2-1
CONFIDENTIAL
Key System Features
• Superior RF performance, particularly in the areas of IP3 and noise figure.
• High downlink composite power and low uplink noise figure for support of a
large number of channels and larger coverage footprint per antenna.
• Software configurable Main and Expansion Hubs. Thus, the frequency band can
be configured in the field.
• Either single-mode or multi-mode fiber can be used, supporting flexible cabling
alternatives (in addition to standard Cat-5, Cat-5E, or Cat-6 screened twisted pair
[ScTP]). You can select the cabling type to meet the resident cabling infrastructure
of the facility and unique building topologies.
• Extended system “reach.” Using single-mode fiber, fiber runs can be as long as
6 kilometers (creating a total system “wingspan” of 12 kilometers). Alternately,
with multi-mode fiber, fiber runs can be as long as 1.5 kilometers. The Cat-5/5E/6
ScTP cable run can be up to 100 meters recommended maximum, or up to 170
meters when using a Cat-5 Extender.
• Flexible RF configuration capabilities, including:
• System gain:
– Ability to manually set gain in 1 dB steps, from 0 to 15 dB, on both downlink and uplink.
• RAU:
– RAU uplink and downlink gain can be independently attenuated 10 dB.
– Uplink level control protects the system from input overload and can be
optimized for either a single operator or multiple operators/protocols.
– VSWR check on RAU reports if there is a disconnected antenna (all RAUs
except UMTS-1).
• Firmware Updates are downloaded (either locally or remotely) to operating systems when any modifications are made to the product, including the addition of
new software capabilities/services.
• Extensive OA&M capabilities, including fault isolation to the field replaceable
unit, automatic reporting of all fault and warning conditions, and user-friendly
graphical-user interface OA&M software packages.
2-2
CONFIDENTIAL
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
System Hardware
2.1
System Hardware
The InterReach Unison system consists of three modular components:
• 19" rack-mountable Main Hub (connects to up to 4 Expansion Hubs)
• RF signal conversion to optical on the downlink; optical to RF on the uplink
• Microprocessor controlled (for alarms, monitoring, and control)
• Software configurable band
• Simplex interface to RF source
• System master – periodically polls all downstream units (Expansion
Hubs/RAUs) for system status, and automatically reports any fault or warning
conditions
• 19" rack-mountable Expansion Hub (connects to up to 8 Remote Access Units)
• Optical signal conversion to electrical on the downlink; electrical to optical on
the uplink
• Microprocessor controlled (for alarms, monitoring, and control)
• Software configurable band (based on command from Main Hub)
• Supplies DC power to RAU
• Remote Access Unit (RAU)
• Electrical signal conversion to RF on the downlink; RF to electrical on the
uplink
• Microprocessor controlled (for alarms, monitoring, and control)
• Protocol/band specific units
The minimum configuration of a Unison system is one Main Hub, one Expansion
Hub, and one RAU (1-1-1). The maximum configuration of a system is one Main
Hub, four Expansion Hubs, and 32 RAUs (1-4-32). You can combine multiple systems to provide larger configurations.
Figure 2-1
Unison System Hardware
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
2-3
CONFIDENTIAL
System OA&M Capabilities
2.2
System OA&M Capabilities
The InterReach Unison is microprocessor controlled and contains firmware which
enables much of the OA&M functionality.
Complete alarming, down to the field replaceable unit (that is, Main Hub, Expansion
Hub, Remote Access Unit) and the cabling infrastructure, is available. All events
occurring in a system, defined as a Main Hub and all of its associated Expansion
Hubs and Remote Access Units, are automatically reported to the Main Hub. The
Main Hub monitors system status and communicates that status using the following
methods:
• Normally closed (NC) or normally open (NO) alarm contacts can be tied to standard alarm monitoring systems or directly to a base station for alarm monitoring.
• The Main Hub’s front panel serial port connects directly to a PC (for local access)
or to a modem (for remote access).
Figure 2-2
Use AdminManager to configure
or monitor a local Unison system.
Remotely, AdminManager can only
check system status. It cannot
receive modem calls.
Use OpsConsole to monitor
and receive communications from
remote or local Unison systems.
OA&M Communications
PC/Laptop
running
AdminManager
or OpsConsole
RS-232
Modem
RS-232
PSTN
Ethernet
TCP/IP
ENET/232
Converter
RS-232
Main Hub
RS-232
Modem
Main Hub
SC/APC
Main Hub
Main Hub
Fiber
SC/APC
Expansion Hub
RJ-45
Cat-5/6
RJ-45
Remote Access Unit
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CONFIDENTIAL
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
System OA&M Capabilities
LGC Wireless offers two OA&M packages: AdminManager and OpsConsole. Both
run on a PC/laptop.
• AdminManager communicates with one Main Hub, and its downstream units, at a
time. Using AdminManager connected locally or remotely, you can configure a
newly installed system, change system parameters, perform an end-to-end system
test, or query system status.
Refer to the AdminManager User Manual (PN 8810-10) for information about
installing and using the AdminManager software.
• OpsConsole lets you manage, monitor, and maintain multiple sites and systems
from a centralized remote location. This software is described in the OpsConsole
User Guide (PN 8800-10).
Table 2-1 lists the functional differences between AdminManager and OpsConsole.
Table 2-1
AdminManager and OpsConsole Functional Differences
Feature
AdminManager
OpsConsole
Installation Wizard
Yes
No
Local System Configuration
Yes
Yes
Remote System Configuration
Yes
Yes
Local Firmware Updating
Yes
No
Save unit information in a database
No
Yes
Network view of installed systems
Yes
Yes
Send dispatch message
No
Yes
Monitor multiple units
No
Yes
Scheduled polling
No
Yes
Windows-based GUI application
Yes
Yes
Runs on Windows 98 SE
Yes
No
Runs on Windows 2000
Yes
Yes
Installation and configuration tool
Yes
No
Operation, Administration, and Management tool
No
Yes
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
2-5
CONFIDENTIAL
System OA&M Capabilities
Table 2-2 lists connectivity differences between AdminManager and OpsConsole.
Table 2-2
AdminManager and OpsConsole Connectivity Differences
Connectivity
AdminManager
OpsConsole
Direct RS-232
Yes (COM1 through
COM16)
Yes
Yes, if the expansion port
is in the range of COM1
through COM16
Yes
RS-232 Expansion Board
Modem (including RF modem)
Ethernet/232 serial hub
Line Sharing Switch after POTS
2-6
CONFIDENTIAL
Yes
Yes
Yes, if the remote COM
port is in the range of
COM1 through COM16
Yes
Yes
Yes
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
System OA&M Capabilities
2.2.1
2.2.1.1
OA&M Software
Configuring, Maintaining, and Monitoring Unison Locally
Each Main Hub, Expansion Hub, and RAU in the system constantly monitors itself
and its downstream units for internal fault and warning conditions. The results of this
monitoring are stored in memory and compared against new results.
The Expansion Hubs monitor their RAUs and store their status in memory. The Main
Hub monitors its Expansion Hubs and stores their status and the status of the RAUs in
its memory. When a unit detects a change in status, a fault or warning is reported.
Faults are indicated locally by red status LEDs, and both faults and warnings are
reported to the Main Hub and displayed on a PC/laptop, using the Main Hub’s serial
port, that is running the AdminManager software. Passive antennas connected to the
RAUs are not monitored automatically. Perform the System Test in order to retrieve
status information about antennas.
Using AdminManager locally, you can install a new system or new components,
change system parameters, and query system status. Figure 2-3 illustrates how the
system reports its status to AdminManager.
Figure 2-3
PC/Laptop
running
AdminManager
Use AdminManager to query units
for their status or to
get current fault or
warning conditions.
Local System Monitoring and Reporting
The Main Hub checks its own status and queries each
Expansion Hub for its status, which includes RAU status.
Main
Hub
The Main Hub queries
status of each Expansion Hub
and each RAU and compares
it to previously stored status.
• If a fault is detected, LEDs
on the front panel turn red.
The Expansion Hub queries its own status
and polls each RAU for its status.
Expansion
Hub
The Expansion Hub queries status
of each RAU and compares it to
previously stored status.
• If a fault is detected, LEDs on
the front panel turn red.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
RAU
RAU
Each RAU passes its status to
the Expansion Hub.
• If a fault is detected, the
ALARM LED is red. If no fault
is detected, the LED is green.
2-7
CONFIDENTIAL
System OA&M Capabilities
2.2.1.2
Monitoring and Maintaining Unison Remotely
• Using AdminManager Remotely
You can use AdminManager remotely to call into the Main Hub and query current
status, change parameters, or command system end-to-end test. You cannot use
AdminManager to continuously monitor system state changes.
• Using OpsConsole Remotely
When monitoring the system remotely, any change of state within the system
causes the Main Hub to initiate an automatic call-out and report the system status
to the OpsConsole. The Main Hub calls out three times, each with a 45 second
interval. If the call is not acknowledged in these three tries, the Main Hub waits 15
minutes and continues the above sequence until the call is acknowledged.
Refer to the OpsConsole User Manual (PN 8800-10) for more information about
using OpsConsole for remote system monitoring.
Figure 2-4 illustrates how the system reports its status to AdminManager and the
OpsConsole.
Figure 2-4
Remote System Monitoring and Reporting
The Main Hub checks its own status and queries each
Expansion Hub for its status, which includes RAU status.
Modem
PSTN
Modem
PC
running
OpsConsole
Use OpsConsole to communicate with one or more
remotely or locally installed
systems.
Main
Hub
The Main Hub queries
status of each Expansion
Hub and each RAU and
compares it to previously
stored status.
• If a fault is detected,
LEDs on the front panel
turn red.
The Expansion Hub queries its own status
and polls each RAU for its status.
Expansion
Hub
The Expansion Hub queries
status of each RAU and compares it to previously stored
status.
RAU
RAU
Each RAU passes its status to
the Expansion Hub.
• If a fault is detected, LEDs on
• If a fault is detected, the
the front panel turn red.
ALARM LED lights red. If no
fault is detected, the LED is
green.
If a fault or warning condition is reported, the
OpsConsole graphical user
interface indicates the
problem. OpsConsole can
also send an e-mail and/or
page notification to designated recipients.
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CONFIDENTIAL
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
System OA&M Capabilities
2.2.2
Using Alarm Contacts
You can connect the DB-9 female connector on the rear panel of the Main Hub to a
local base station or to a daisy-chained series of Unison, LGCell, and/or MetroReach
Focus systems.
• When you connect MetroReach Focus or a BTS to Unison, the Unison Main Hub
is the output of the alarms (alarm source) and MetroReach Focus or the BTS is the
input (alarm sense). This is described in Section 7.7.1 on page 7-43. The following
figure shows using MetroReach Focus as the input of Unison contact closures.
Figure 2-5
Alarm Source
MetroReach
Focus
RFM
RF OUT
DOWNLINK
RF IN
UPLINK
Unison Main Hub
FIBER
9-pin Adapter
Alarm
Source
5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable
UPLINK
DOWNLINK
Alarm
Sense
ALARM
RS-232C
Alarm
Source
• When you connect LGCell to Unison, the Unison Main Hub is the input of the
alarms (alarm sense) and LGCell is the output (alarm source). This is described in
Section 7.7.2 on page 7-46
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
2-9
CONFIDENTIAL
System OA&M Capabilities
Figure 2-6
Alarm Sense.
Unison Main Hub
Up to 5 LGCell Main Hubs
5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable
Alarm
Sense
Alarm
Source
Alarm Sense
Adapter Cable
Alarm
Source
2-10
CONFIDENTIAL
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
System Connectivity
2.3
System Connectivity
The double star architecture of the Unison system, illustrated in Figure 2-7, provides
excellent system scalability and reliability. The system requires only one pair of
fibers for eight antenna points. This makes any system expansion, such as adding an
extra antenna for additional coverage, potentially as easy as pulling an extra twisted
pair.
Figure 2-7
Unison’s Double Star Architecture
PORT 1 PORT 2 PORT 3 PORT 4
RS-232
Main Hub
Fiber
Expansion Hub
Expansion Hub
Expansion Hub
Cat-5/5E/6
RAU
Cat-5/5E/6
Expansion Hub
Cat-5/5E/6
RAU
RAU
up to 8 RAUs per Expansion Hub
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
2-11
CONFIDENTIAL
System Operation
2.4
System Operation
Figure 2-8
Downlink (Base Station to Wireless Devices)
The Main Hub receives downlink RF signals
from a base station using coaxial cable.
Main Hub
The Main Hub converts the RF signals to IF, then
to optical signals and sends them to Expansion
Hubs (up to four) using optical fiber cable.
Expansion Hub
The Expansion Hub converts the optical signals to electrical signals and sends them to
RAUs (up to eight) using Cat-5/5E/6 ScTP
RAU
The RAU converts the IF signals
to RF and sends them to passive
antennas using coaxial cable.
Figure 2-9
Uplink (Wireless Devices to Base Station)
RAU
Expansion Hub
Main Hub
The Main Hub sends
uplink RF signals to a
base station via coaxial
cable.
2-12
CONFIDENTIAL
The Main Hub receives
the optical signals from
the Expansion Hubs (up
to four) via optical fiber
cable and converts
them to RF signals.
The Expansion Hub
receives the IF signals
from the RAUs (up to
eight) via Cat-5/5E/6
ScTP cable and converts them to optical
The RAU receives uplink RF
signals from the passive
antenna via coaxial cable and
converts them to IF signals.
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
System Specifications
2.5
System Specifications
Table 2-3
System Specifications
Parameter
Main Hub
Expansion Hub
Remote Access Unit
RF Connectors
2 N-type, female
8 shielded RJ-45, female
(Cat-5/5E/6)
1 shielded RJ-45, female
(Cat-5/5E/6)
1 SMA, male (coaxial)
External Alarm Connector
(contact closure)
1 9-pin D-sub, female
1 9-pin D-sub, female
(UNS-EH-2 only)
—
Serial Interface Connector
1 RS-232 9-pin D-sub, male
—
—
Fiber Connectors*
4 Pair, SC/APC
1 Pair, SC/APC
—
LED Alarm and
Status Indicators
Unit Status (1 pair):
• Power
• Main Hub Status
Downstream Unit Status
(1 pair per fiber port):
• Link
• E-Hub/RAU
Unit Status (1 pair):
• Power
• E-Hub Status
Fiber Link Status (1 pair):
• DL Status
• UL Status
RAU/Link Status
(1 pair per RJ-45 port):
• Link
• RAU
Unit Status (1 pair):
• Link
• Alarm
AC Power (Volts)**
Rating: 100–240V, 0.5A,
50–60 Hz
Operating Range: 85–250V,
2.4–0.8A, 47–63 Hz
Rating: 115/230V, 5/2.5A,
50–60 Hz
Operating Range:
90–132V/170–250V
auto-ranging,
2.2–1.5A/1.2–0.8A, 47–63 Hz
—
DC Power (Volts)
—
—
36V (from the Expansion Hub)
Power Consumption
(W)**
30
4 RAUs: 120 typ/148 max
4 RAUs & 4 Extenders:
137 typ/172 max
8 RAUs: 170 typ/212 max
8 RAUs & 8 Extenders:
204 typ/260 max
16 max (from Expansion Hub)
Enclosure Dimensions†
(height × width ×
depth)
44.5 mm × 438 mm × 305 mm
(1.75 in. × 17.25 in. × 12 in.)
IU
89 mm × 438 mm × 305 mm
(3.5 in. × 17.25 in. × 12 in.)
2U
44 mm × 305 mm × 158 mm
(1.7 in. × 12 in. × 6.2 in.)
Weight
< 3 kg (< 6.5 lb)
< 5 kg (< 11 lb)
< 1 kg (< 2 lb)
MTBF
106,272 hours
92,820 hours
282,207 hours
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
2-13
CONFIDENTIAL
System Specifications
*It is critical to system performance that only SC/APC fiber connectors are used throughout the fiber network, including fiber distribution panels.
** For Japan, see separate addendum – Japan Specification Document.
†Excluding angle-brackets for 19'' rack mounting of hubs.
Note: Expansion Hub typical power consumption assumes that the Cat-5/6 cable length is no more than 100 meters without a Cat-5 Extender and
no more than 170 meters with a Cat-5 Extender.
2.5.1
InterReach Unison Wavelength and Laser Power
Table 2-4 shows wavelength and laser power according to UL testing per IEC 60
825-1.
Table 2-4
InterReach Unison Wavelength and Laser Power
Measured Output Power
2.5.2
Wavelength
Main Hub
Expansion Hub
1310 nm ±20 nm
458 uW
1.8 mW
Environmental Specifications
Table 2-5
Environmental Specifications
Parameter
Main Hub and Expansion Hub
RAU
Operating Temperature
0° to +45°C (+32° to +113°F)
–25° to +45°C (–13° to +113°F)
Non-operating Temperature
–20° to +85°C (–4° to +185°F)
–25° to +85°C (–13° to +185°F)
Operating Humidity; non-condensing
5% to 95%
5% to 95%
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InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
System Specifications
2.5.3
Operating Frequencies
Table 2-6
Operating Frequencies
RF Passband
Freq.
Band
Unison
Band
PCS
Description
Downlink (MHz)
Uplink (MHz)
PCS6
A, D & B Band
(35 MHz)
1930–1965
1850–1885
PCS
PCS7
D,B,E & F Band
(30 MHz)
1945–1975
1865–1895
PCS
PCS8
E, F & C Band
(25 MHz)
1965–1990
1885–1910
PCS
PCS9
A4/A5/D/B/E
1935-1970
1855-1890
PCS
PCS10
A5/D/B/E/F
1940-1975
1860-1895
PCS
PCS11
D/B/E/F/C2
1945-1982.5
1865-1902.5
PCS
PCS12
B4/B5/E/F/C
1955-1990
1875-1910
DCS
DCS1
DCS1 Band
1805–1842.5
1710–1747.5
DCS
DCS2
DCS2 Band
1842.5–1880
1747.5–1785
DCS
DCS4
DCS4 Band
1815–1850
1720–1755
Cellular
CELL
–
869–894
824–849
iDEN
iDEN
–
851–869
806–824
UMTS
UMTS1
–
2110–2145
1920–1955
UMTS
UMTS2
–
2125–2160
1935–1970
UMTS
UMTS3
–
2135–2170
1945–1980
UMTS
UMTS1
Japan
2110–2130
1920–1940
UMTS
UMTS2
Japan
2130–2150
1940–1960
UMTS
UMTS 3
Japan
2150–2170
1960–1980
AWS
AWS1
–
2110-2145
1710-1745
AWS
AWS2
–
2120-2155
1720-1755
PS 700
PS700
–
763-776
793-806
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
2-15
CONFIDENTIAL
System Specifications
2.5.4
RF End-to-End Performance
Table 2-7 through Table 2-12 list the RF end-to-end performance of each protocol
when using 2 km of single-mode fiber or 1 km of multi-mode fiber.
Cellular 800 MHz
Table 2-7
Cellular RF End-to-End Performance
Parameter
Average gain with 75 m Cat-5/5E/6 at 25°C (77°F)*
Ripple with 75 m Cat-5/5E/6
Output IP3
2 km of SMF
1 km of MMF
Typical
Typical
Downlink
Uplink
Downlink
Uplink
15 dB
15 dB
15 dB
15 dB
3 dB
3.5 dB
3 dB
3.5 dB
40 dBm
37 dBm
Input IP3
–7 dBm
Output 1 dB Compression Point
27 dBm
–10 dBm
27 dBm
Noise Figure with 1 MH – 1 EH – 8 RAUs configuration
15 dB
15 dB
Noise Figure with 1 MH – 4 EHs – 32 RAUs configuration
21 dB
21 dB
*The system gain is adjustable in 1 dB steps from 0 to 15 dB, and the gain of each RAU can be attenuated 10 dB in one step.
iDEN 800 MHz
Table 2-8
iDEN RF End-to-End Performance
Parameter
2 km of SMF
1 km of MMF
Typical
Typical
Downlink
Uplink
Downlink
Uplink
Average gain with 75 m Cat-5/5E/6 at 25°C (77°F)*
15 dB
15 dB
15 dB
15 dB
Ripple with 75 m Cat-5/5E/6
2 dB
3 dB
2 dB
3 dB
Output IP3
38 dBm
Input IP3
38 dBm
–7 dBm
Output 1 dB Compression Point
26 dBm
–10 dBm
26 dBm
Noise Figure with 1 MH – 1 EH – 8 RAUs configuration
17 dB
17 dB
Noise Figure with 1 MH – 4 EHs – 32 RAUs configuration
23 dB
23 dB
*The system gain is adjustable in 1 dB steps from 0 to 15 dB, and the gain of each RAU can be attenuated 10 dB in one step.
2-16
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InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
System Specifications
GSM/EGSM 900 MHz
Table 2-9
GSM/EGSM RF End-to-End Performance
Parameter
2 km of SMF
1 km of MMF
Typical
Typical
Downlink
Uplink
Downlink
Uplink
Average gain with 75 m Cat-5/5E/6 at 25°C (77°F)*
15 dB
15 dB
15 dB
15 dB
Ripple with 75 m Cat-5/5E/6
3 dB
4 dB
3 dB
4 dB
Output IP3
38 dBm
38 dBm
Input IP3
–7 dBm
Output 1 dB Compression Point
26 dBm
–10 dBm
26 dBm
Noise Figure with 1 MH – 1 EH – 8 RAU configuration
16 dB
16 dB
Noise Figure with 1 MH – 4 EH – 32 RAU configuration
22 dB
22 dB
*The system gain is adjustable in 1 dB steps from 0 to 15 dB, and the gain of each RAU can be attenuated 10 dB in one step.
DCS 1800 MHz
Table 2-10
DCS RF End-to-End Performance
Parameter
2 km of SMF
1 km of MMF
Typical
Typical
Downlink
Uplink
Downlink
Uplink
Average gain with 75 m Cat-5/5E/6 at 25°C (77°F)*
15 dB
15 dB
15 dB
15 dB
Downlink ripple with 75 m Cat-5/5E/6
2 dB
2 dB
Uplink ripple for center 35 MHz of DCS1 and DCS2,
Full band for DCS3 & DCS4 with 75 m Cat-5/5E/6
2 dB
2 dB
Uplink gain roll off for Full band of DCS1 and DCS2 with
75 m Cat-5/5E/6
2 dB
2 dB
Output IP3
38 dBm
Input IP3
37 dBm
–12 dBm
Output 1 dB Compression Point
26 dBm
–14 dBm
26 dBm
Noise Figure with 1 MH – 1 EH – 8 RAU configuration
17 dB
17 dB
Noise Figure with 1 MH – 4 EH – 32 RAU configuration
23 dB
23 dB
*The system gain is adjustable in 1 dB steps from 0 to 15 dB, and the gain of each RAU can be attenuated 10 dB in one step. UNS-UMTS-2 has a 1 dB attenuator in the RAU.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
2-17
CONFIDENTIAL
System Specifications
PCS 1900 MHz
Table 2-11
PCS RF End-to-End Performance
Parameter
2 km of SMF
1 km of MMF
Typical
Typical
Downlink
Uplink
Downlink
Uplink
Average gain with 75 m Cat-5/5E/6 at 25°C (77°F)*
15 dB
Ripple with 75 m Cat-5/5E/6
2.5 dB
15 dB
15 dB
15 dB
3 dB
2.5 dB
3 dB
Output IP3
38 dBm
36.5 dBm
Input IP3
–12 dBm
Output 1 dB Compression Point
26 dBm
–14 dBm
26 dBm
Noise Figure with 1 MH – 1 EH – 8 RAUs configuration
16 dB
16 dB
Noise Figure with 1 MH – 4 EHs – 32 RAUs configuration
22 dB
22 dB
*The system gain is adjustable in 1 dB steps from 0 to 15 dB, and the gain of each RAU can be attenuated 10 dB in one step.
UMTS 2.1 GHz
Table 2-12
UMTS RF End-to-End Performance**
Parameter
2 km of SMF
1 km of MMF
Typical
Typical
Downlink
Uplink
Average gain with 75 m Cat-5/5E/6 at 25°C (77°F) *
15 dB
Ripple with 75 m Cat-5/5E/6
2.5 dB
Output IP3
37 dBm
Input IP3
Downlink
Uplink
15 dB
15 dB
15 dB
4 dB
2.5 dB
4 dB
36 dBm
–12 dBm
Output 1 dB Compression Point
26 dBm
–12 dBm
26 dBm
Noise Figure with 1 MH – 1 EH – 8 RAUs configuration
16 dB
16 dB
Noise Figure with 1 MH – 4 EHs – 32 RAUs configuration
22 dB
22 dB
*The system gain is adjustable in 1 dB steps from 0 to 15 dB, and the gain of each RAU can be attenuated 10 dB in one step.
** For Japan, see separate addendum – Japan Specification Document.
2-18
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InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
System Specifications
AWS 1.7/2.1 GHz
Table 2-13
AWS RF End-to-End Performance
Parameter
2 km of SMF
1 km of MMF
Typical
Typical
Downlink
Uplink
Downlink
Uplink
Average gain with 75 m Cat-5/5E/6 at 25°C (77°F) *
15 dB
15 dB
15 dB
15 dB
Ripple with 75 m Cat-5/5E/6
2 dB
2 dB
2 dB
2 dB
Output IP3
38 dBm
Input IP3
36 dBm
–12 dBm
Output 1 dB Compression Point
26 dBm
–14 dBm
26 dBm
Noise Figure with 1 MH – 1 EH – 8 RAUs configuration
17 dB
17 dB
Noise Figure with 1 MH – 4 EHs – 32 RAUs configuration
23 dB
23 dB
*The system gain is adjustable in 1 dB steps from 0 to 15 dB, and the gain of each RAU can be attenuated 10 dB in one step.
Public Safety 700 MHz
Table 2-14
Public Safety 700 MHz RF End-to-End Performance
Parameter
2 km of SMF
1 km of MMF
Typical
Typical
Downlink
Uplink
Downlink
Uplink
Average gain with 75 m Cat-5/5E/6 at 25°C (77°F) *
15 dB
15 dB
15 dB
15 dB
Ripple with 75 m Cat-5/5E/6
2 dB
3 dB
2 dB
3 dB
Output IP3
38 dBm
Input IP3
36 dBm
–7 dBm
Output 1 dB Compression Point
26 dBm
–10 dBm
26 dBm
Noise Figure with 1 MH – 1 EH – 8 RAUs configuration
16 dB
16 dB
Noise Figure with 1 MH – 4 EHs – 32 RAUs configuration
22 dB
22 dB
*The system gain is adjustable in 1 dB steps from 0 to 15 dB, and the gain of each RAU can be attenuated 10 dB in one step.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
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CONFIDENTIAL
System Specifications
2-20
CONFIDENTIAL
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
SECTION 3
Unison Main Hub
The Main Hub distributes downlink RF signals from a base station, repeater, or
MetroReach Focus system to up to four Expansion Hubs, which in turn distribute the
signals to up to 32 Remote Access Units. The Main Hub also combines uplink signals
from the associated Expansion Hubs.
Figure 3-1
Main Hub in a Unison System
Downlink Path: The Main Hub receives downlink RF signals from a base station, repeater, or MetroReach Focus system via
coaxial cable. It converts the signals to IF then to optical and sends them to up to four Expansion Hubs via fiber optic cable.
The Main Hub also sends OA&M communication to the Expansion Hubs via the fiber optic cable. The Expansion Hubs, in
turn, communicate the OA&M information to the RAUs via Cat-5/5E/6 cable.
Downlink to Main Hub
Downlink from Main Hub
Unison Main Hub
Uplink from Main Hub
Unison Expansion Hub
RAU
Uplink to Main Hub
Uplink Path: The Main Hub receives uplink optical signals from up to four Expansion Hubs via fiber optic cables. It converts
the signals to IF then to RF and sends them to a base station, repeater, or MetroReach Focus system via coaxial cable.
The Main Hub also receives status information from the Expansion Hubs and all RAUs via the fiber optic cable.
Figure 3-2 shows a detailed view of the major RF and optical functional blocks of the
Main Hub.
Figure 3-2
Main Hub Block Diagram
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Main Hub Front Panel
3.1
Main Hub Front Panel
Figure 3-3
Main Hub Front Panel
1.
Four fiber optic ports (labeled PORT 1, PORT 2, PORT 3, PORT 4)
• One standard female SC/APC connector per port for MMF/SMF input (labeled
UPLINK)
• One standard female SC/APC connector per port for MMF/SMF output
(labeled DOWNLINK)
2.
Four sets of fiber port LEDs (one set per port)
• One LED per port for port link status (labeled LINK)
• One LED per port for downstream unit status (labeled E-HUB/RAU)
3.
One set of unit status LEDs
• One LED for unit power status (labeled POWER)
• One LED for unit status (labeled MAIN HUB STATUS)
4.
3-2
CONFIDENTIAL
One 9-pin D-sub male connector for system communication and diagnostics using
a PC/laptop or modem (labeled RS-232)
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
Main Hub Front Panel
3.1.1
Optical Fiber Uplink/Downlink Ports
The optical fiber uplink/downlink ports transmit and receive optical signals between
the Main Hub and up to four Expansion Hubs using industry-standard SMF or MMF
cable. There are four fiber ports on the front panel of the Main Hub; one port per
Expansion Hub. Each fiber port has two female SC/APC connectors:
• Optical Fiber Uplink Connector
This connector (labeled UPLINK) is used to receive the uplink optical signals from
an Expansion Hub.
• Optical Fiber Downlink Connector
This connector (labeled DOWNLINK) is used to transmit the downlink optical signals to an Expansion Hub.
CAUTION: To avoid damaging the Main Hub’s fiber connector ports,
use only SC/APC fiber cable connectors when using either single-mode
or multi-mode fiber. Additionally, it is critical to system performance
that only SC/APC fiber connectors are used throughout the fiber network, including fiber distribution panels.
3.1.2
Communications RS-232 Serial Connector
Remote Monitoring
Use a standard serial cable to connect a modem to the 9-pin D-sub male serial connector for remote monitoring or configuring. The cable typically has a DB-9 female
and a DB-25 male connector. Refer to Appendix A.4 on page A-3 for the cable
pinout.
Local Monitoring
Use a null modem cable to connect a laptop or PC to the 9-pin D-sub male serial connector for local monitoring or configuring. The cable typically has a DB-9 female
connector on both ends. Refer to Appendix A.5 on page A-4 for the cable pinout.
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D-620003-0-20 Rev K
3-3
CONFIDENTIAL
Main Hub Front Panel
3.1.3
LED Indicators
The unit’s front panel LEDs indicate faults and commanded or fault lockouts. The
LEDs do not indicate warnings or whether the system test has been performed. Only
use the LEDs to provide basic information or as a backup when you are not using
AdminManager.
Upon power up, a Main Hub goes through a five-second test to check the LED lamps.
During this time, the LEDs blink through the states shown in Table 3-2, letting you
visually verify that the LED lamps and the firmware are functioning properly.
Main Hubs ship without a band programmed into them. After the equipment is
installed, cables connected, and powered up, an unprogrammed Main Hub LEDs displays as follows:
• MAIN HUB STATUS LED: Red
• LINK LED: Green
• E-HUB/RAU LED: Red
If the LEDs do not display as above, refer to Table 3-1 on page 3-5, Table 3-2 on
page 3-6, and/or Section 9 for troubleshooting using the LEDs.
3-4
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InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
Main Hub Front Panel
Unit Status LEDs
The Main Hub status LEDs can be in one of the states shown in Table 3-1. These
LEDs can be:
steady green
steady red
blinking green/red (alternating green/red)
There is no off state when the unit’s power is on.
NOTE: AdminManager or OpsConsole must be used for troubleshooting
the system. Only use LEDs as backup or for confirmation. However, if there
are communications problems within the system, the LEDs may provide
additional information that is not available using AdminManager.
Table 3-1
Main Hub Status LED States
LED State
Indicates
POWER
MAIN HUB
STATUS
Green
• The Main Hub is connected to power and all power supplies are operating.
• The Main Hub is not reporting a fault; but the system test may need to
be performed or a warning could exist (use AdminManager to determine).
POWER
MAIN HUB
STATUS
Green
POWER
MAIN HUB
STATUS
Green
Alternating
Green/Red
• The Main Hub is connected to power and all power supplies are operating.
• The Main Hub input signal level is too high.
POWER
MAIN HUB
STATUS
Red
• One or more power supplies in the hub are out-of-specification.
Green
Red
• The Main Hub is connected to power and all power supplies are operating.
• The Main Hub is reporting a fault or lockout condition, or the band is
not programmed.
Red
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CONFIDENTIAL
Main Hub Front Panel
Port LEDs
The Main Hub has one pair of fiber port LEDs for each of the four fiber optic ports.
The LED pairs can be in one of the states shown in Table 3-2. These LEDs can be:
off
steady green
steady red
The port LEDs indicate the status of the Expansion Hub and RAUs; however, they do
not indicate which particular unit has a fault (that is, the Expansion Hub vs. one of its
RAUs).
Table 3-2
Main Hub Port LED States
LED State
Indicates
LINK
E-HUB/RAU
Off
Off
• The Expansion Hub is not connected.
LINK
E-HUB/RAU
Green
Green
• The Expansion Hub is connected, communications are normal.
• There are no faults from Expansion Hub or any connected RAU.
LINK
E-HUB/RAU
Red
Off
• There was a loss of communications with the Expansion Hub.
• The Expansion Hub is disconnected.
LINK
E-HUB/RAU
Green
Red
• The Expansion Hub is connected.
• A fault or lockout was reported by the Expansion Hub or any connected RAU.
3-6
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InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
Main Hub Rear Panel
3.2
Main Hub Rear Panel
Figure 3-4
Main Hub Rear Panel
1.
Power On/Off switch
2.
AC power cord connector
3.
Fan exhaust vent
4.
One 9-pin D-sub female connector for alarm contact monitoring (labeled
DIAGNOSTIC 1)
5.
Two N-type, female connectors:
• Downlink (labeled DOWNLINK)
• Uplink (labeled UPLINK)
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3-7
CONFIDENTIAL
Main Hub Rear Panel
3.2.1
3.2.1.1
Main Hub Rear Panel Connectors
9-pin D-sub Connector
The 9-pin D-sub connector (labeled DIAGNOSTIC 1) provides contacts for fault and
warning system alarm monitoring.
Table 3-3 lists the function of each pin on the 9-pin D-sub connector.
Table 3-3
9-pin D-sub Connector Functions
Pin
Function
Alarm Input Ground
Reserved
Reserved
Warning Contact (positive connection)
Warning Contact (negative connection)
DC Ground (common)
Fault Contact (positive connection)
Alarm Input
Fault Contact (negative connection)
This interface can both generate contact alarms and sense a single external alarm contact.
3.2.1.2
N-type Female Connectors
There are two N-type female connectors on the rear panel of the Main Hub:
• The DOWNLINK connector receives downlink RF signals from a repeater, local
base station, or MetroReach Focus system.
• The UPLINK connector transmits uplink RF signals to a repeater, local base station, or MetroReach Focus system.
CAUTION:The UPLINK and DOWNLINK ports cannot handle a DC power
feed from the base station. If DC power is present, a DC block must be used
or the hub may be damaged.
3-8
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InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
Main Hub Specifications
3.3
Main Hub Specifications
Table 3-4
Main Hub Specifications
Specification**
Description
Enclosure Dimensions (H × W × D):
44.5 mm × 438 mm × 305 mm (1.75 in. × 17.25 in. × 12 in.)
1U
Weight
< 3 kg (< 6.5 lb)
Operating Temperature**
0° to +45°C (+32° to +113°F)
Non-operating Temperature**
–20° to +85°C (–4° to +185°F)
Operating Humidity, non-condensing
5% to 95%
External Alarm Connector
(contact closure)
1 9-pin D-sub, female
Maximum: 40 mA @ 40V DC
Typical: 4 mA @ 12V DC
Serial Interface Connector
1 RS-232 9-pin D-sub, male
Fiber Connectors
4 Pair, SC/APCa
RF Connectors
2 N-type, female
LED Fault and Status Indicators
Unit Status (1 pair):
• Power
• Main Hub Status
Downstream Unit/Link Status (1 pair per fiber port):
• Link
• E-Hub/RAU
AC Power
Rating: 100–240V, 0.5A, 50–60 Hz
Operating Range: 85–250V, 2.4–0.8A, 47–63 Hz
Power Consumption (W)
30
MTBF
106,272 hours
a. It is critical to system performance that only SC/APC fiber connectors are used throughout the fiber network, including
fiber distribution panels.
** For Japan, refer to separate addendum - Japan Specification Document.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
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CONFIDENTIAL
Faults, Warnings, and Status Messages
3.4
3.4.1
Faults, Warnings, and Status Messages
Description
The Main Hub monitors and reports changes or events in system performance to:
• Ensure that the fiber receivers, amplifiers, and IF/RF path in the Main Hub are
functioning properly.
• Ensure that Expansion Hubs and Remote Access Units are connected and functioning properly.
An event is classified as a fault, warning, or status message.
• Faults are service impacting.
• Warnings indicate a possible service impact.
• Status messages are generally not service impacting.
The Main Hub periodically queries attached Expansion Hubs and their Remote
Access Units for their status. Both faults and warnings are reported to a connected
PC/laptop running the AdminManager software or to the optional remote OpsConsole. Only faults are indicated by LEDs.
For more information, refer to:
• page 9-6 for Main Hub faults.
• page 9-17 for Main Hub warnings.
• page 9-22 for Main Hub status messages.
• page 9-27 for troubleshooting Main Hub LEDs.
3.4.2
View Preference
AdminManager 2.04 or higher allows you to select what type of events to be displayed.
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InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
Faults, Warnings, and Status Messages
To modify the setting, select View J Preference and select the desired choice. You
can change the setting either while connected to a system or offline. If there is a connection to a system, after the you click OK, AdminManager refreshes and updates the
tree view according to the new setting. Note that the setting is strictly visual and only
in AdminManager. There is no affect on the hardware itself. The same setting is carried with AdminManager and applied to any hardware AdminManager is connected
to. By default, event filtering is set to “Enable viewing of Faults only”.
The only exception when the vent filtering is ignored is during the Install/Configure
command. All events are displayed regardless of the event filtering setting. This
ensures a smooth installation.
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D-620003-0-20 Rev K
3-11
CONFIDENTIAL
Faults, Warnings, and Status Messages
This page is intentionally left blank.
3-12
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InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
SECTION 4
Unison Expansion Hub
The Expansion Hub interfaces between the Main Hub and the Remote Access Unit(s)
by converting optical signals to electrical signals and vice versa. It also supplies control signals and DC power to operate the Remote Access Unit(s) as well as passes status information from the RAUs to the Main Hub.
Figure 4-1
Expansion Hub in a Unison System
Downlink Path: The Expansion Hub receives downlink optical signals from the Main Hub via fiber optic cable. It converts
the signals to electrical and sends them to up to eight Remote Access Units (RAUs) via Cat-5/5E/6 cables.
Also, the Expansion Hub receives configuration information from the Main Hub via the fiber optic cable and relays it to the
RAUs via the Cat-5/5E/6 cable.
Downlink to Expansion Hub
Unison Main Hub
Downlink from Expansion Hub
Unison Expansion Hub
Uplink from Expansion Hub
RAU
Uplink to Expansion Hub
Uplink Path: The Expansion Hub receives uplink IF signals from up to eight RAUs via Cat-5/5E/6 cables. It converts the
signals to optical and sends them to a Main Hub via fiber optic cable.
Also, the Expansion Hub receives RAU status information via the Cat-5/5E/6 cable and sends it and its own status information to the Main Hub via the fiber optic cable.
Figure 4-2
Expansion Hub Block Diagram
From
Main Hub
To RAU
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
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4-1
CONFIDENTIAL
Expansion Hub Front Panel
4.1
Expansion Hub Front Panel
Figure 4-3
Expansion Hub Front Panel
34
1.
Eight standard Cat-5/5E/6 ScTP cable, RJ-45 shielded connectors (labeled PORT
1 , 2, 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 )
2.
Eight sets of RJ-45 port LEDs (one set per port)
• One LED per port for link status (labeled LINK)
• One LED per port for downstream unit status (labeled RAU)
3.
One set of unit status LEDs
• One LED for unit power status (labeled POWER)
• One LED for unit status (labeled E-HUB STATUS)
4.
One set of fiber connection status LEDs
• One LED for fiber downlink status (labeled DL STATUS)
• One LED for fiber uplink status (labeled UL STATUS)
5.
One fiber optic port which has two connectors
• One standard female SC/APC connector for MMF/SMF output (labeled
UPLINK)
• One standard female SC/APC connector for MMF/SMF input (labeled
DOWNLINK)
4-2
CONFIDENTIAL
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
Expansion Hub Front Panel
4.1.1
RJ-45 Connectors
The eight RJ-45 connectors on the Expansion Hub are for the Cat-5/5E/6 ScTP cables
used to transmit and receive signals to and from RAUs. Use shielded RJ-45 connectors on the Cat-5/5E/6 cable.
NOTE: For system performance, it is important to use only Cat-5/5E/6 ScTP
(screened twisted pair) cable with shielded RJ-45 connectors.
Cat-5/5E/6 cable also delivers DC electrical power to the RAUs. The Expansion
Hub’s DC voltage output is 36V DC nominal. A current limiting circuit protects the
Expansion Hub if any port draws excessive power.
4.1.2
Optical Fiber Uplink/Downlink Connectors
The optical fiber uplink/downlink port transmits and receives optical signals between
the Expansion Hub and the Main Hub using industry-standard SMF or MMF cable.
The fiber port has two female SC/APC connectors:
• Optical Fiber Uplink Connector
This connector (labeled UPLINK) is used to transmit (output) uplink optical signals
to the Main Hub.
• Optical Fiber Downlink Connector
This connector (labeled DOWNLINK) is used to receive (input) downlink optical signals from the Main Hub.
CAUTION: To avoid damaging the Expansion Hub’s fiber connector
ports, use only SC/APC fiber cable connectors. Additionally, use only
SC/APC fiber connectors throughout the fiber network, including fiber
distribution panels. This is critical for ensuring system performance.
4.1.3
LED Indicators
The unit’s front panel LEDs indicate fault conditions and commanded or fault lockouts.
The LEDs do not indicate warnings or whether the system test has been performed.
Only use the LEDs to provide basic information or as a backup when you are not using
AdminManager.
Upon power up, the Expansion Hub goes through a five-second test to check the LED
lamps. During this time, the LEDs blink through the states shown in Table 4-2, letting
you visually verify that the LED lamps and the firmware are functioning properly.
NOTE: Refer to Section 9 for troubleshooting using the LEDs.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
4-3
CONFIDENTIAL
Expansion Hub Front Panel
Unit Status and DL/UL Status LEDs
The Expansion Hub unit status and DL/UL status LEDs can be in one of the states
shown in Table 4-1. These LEDs can be:
steady green
steady red
There is no off state when the unit’s power is on.
Table 4-1
Expansion Hub Unit Status and DL/UL Status LED States
LED State
Indicates
POWER
E-HUB STATUS
DL STATUS
UL STATUS
Green / Green • The Expansion Hub is connected to power and all power supplies are
operating.
Green / Green
• The Expansion Hub is not reporting a fault or lockout condition; but
the system test may need to be performed or a warning condition
could exist (use AdminManager to determine this).
• Optical power in is above minimum (the Main Hub is connected)
although the cable optical loss may be greater than recommended
maximum.
• Optical power out (uplink laser) is normal and communications with
the Main Hub are normal.
POWER
E-HUB STATUS
DL STATUS
UL STATUS
Green / Green • Optical power in is above minimum (the Main Hub is connected)
although the cable optical loss may be greater than recommended
Red / Green
maximum.
• Optical power out (uplink laser) is normal and communications with
the Main Hub are normal.
• The Expansion Hub is reporting a fault or commanded lockout.
POWER
E-HUB STATUS
DL STATUS
UL STATUS
Green / Red
POWER
E-HUB STATUS
DL STATUS
UL STATUS
Green / Green • The Expansion Hub is reporting a fault condition.
• Optical power in is above minimum (Main Hub is connected)
Red / Red
although the cable optical loss may be greater than recommended
maximum.
• Optical power out is below minimum (Expansion Hub uplink laser
has failed; unable to communicate with Main Hub). UL STATUS LED
state must be checked within the first 90 seconds after power on. If
initially green, then red after 90 seconds, it means that there is no
communication with the Main Hub. If red on power up, replace the
Expansion Hub.
POWER
E-HUB STATUS
DL STATUS
UL STATUS
Green / Red
4-4
CONFIDENTIAL
Red / Green
Red / Red
• A fault condition was detected, optical power in is below minimum.
(the Main Hub is not connected, is not powered, or the Main Hub’s
downlink laser has failed, or the downlink fiber is disconnected or
damaged.)
• Optical power in is below minimum (the Main Hub is not connected,
is not powered, or the Main Hub’s downlink laser has failed, or the
downlink fiber is disconnected or damaged.)
• Optical power out is below minimum (the Expansion Hub uplink
laser has failed; is unable to communicate with the Main Hub).
UL STATUS LED state must be checked within the first 90 seconds
after power on. If initially green, then red after 90 seconds, it means
that there is no communication with the Main Hub. If red on power
up, the uplink laser has failed, replace the Expansion Hub.
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
Expansion Hub Front Panel
Table 4-1
Expansion Hub Unit Status and DL/UL Status LED States
LED State
Indicates
• Expansion Hub is in factory test mode, return it to the factory.
POWER
E-HUB STATUS
DL STATUS
UL STATUS
Green / Red
POWER
E-HUB STATUS
DL STATUS
UL STATUS
Red/ Red
Green / Red
Red/ Red
• One or more power supplies are out of specification. The hub needs to
be replaced.
Port LEDs
The Expansion Hub has one pair of port LEDs for each of the eight RJ-45 ports. The
port LEDs can be in one of the states shown in Table 4-2. These LEDs can be:
off
steady green
steady red
Table 4-2
Expansion Hub Port LED States
LED State
Indicates
LINK
RAU
Off
Off
• The RAU is not connected.
LINK
RAU
Green
Green
• The RAU is connected.
• No faults from the RAU.
LINK
RAU
Red
Off
• The RAU was disconnected.
• The RAU is not communicating.
• The RAU port power is tripped.
• 36 VDC is shutdown due to an EH over-temperature condition.
LINK
RAU
Green
Red
• The RAU is connected.
• The RAU is reporting a fault or lockout condition.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
4-5
CONFIDENTIAL
Expansion Hub Rear Panel
4.2
Expansion Hub Rear Panel
Figure 4-4
Expansion Hub Rear Panel
1.
Power on/off switch
2.
AC power cord connector
3.
Three air exhaust vents
4.
DB-9 connector (UNS-EH-2 specific)
Table 4-3
DB-9 Pin Connectors
Pin
Connection
Signal Name
N/C
N/A
+5V through a 10K Ohm resistor. Input to micro controller
ALARM3
+5V through a 10K Ohm resistor. Input to micro controller
ALARM1
GND
N/A
+5V through a 10K Ohm resistor. Input to micro controller)
ALARM2
N/C
N/A
N/C
N/A
GND
N/A
GND
N/A
This interface can both generate contact alarms and sense a single external alarm contact.
4-6
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D-620003-0-20 Rev K
Faults, Warnings, and Status Messages
4.3
Faults, Warnings, and Status Messages
This interface monitors the output contact closures from a Universal Power Supply
(UPS). Verify the output contact closure state (normally closed or normally open) of
the UPS, and set the appropriate contact definition using AdminManager.
• Faults are service impacting.
• Warnings indicate a possible service impact.
• Status messages are generally not service impacting.
NOTE: You can select what type of events AdminManager displays. Refer
to Section 3.4.2, “View Preference,” on page 3-10.
Both fault and warning conditions of the Expansion Hub and attached RAUs are
reported to the Main Hub. Only faults are indicated by LEDs.
For more information, refer to:
• page 9-10 for Expansion Hub faults.
• page 9-20 for Expansion Hub warnings.
• page 9-24 for Expansion Hub status messages.
• page 9-30 for troubleshooting Expansion Hub LEDs.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960
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4-7
CONFIDENTIAL
Expansion Hub Specifications
4.4
Expansion Hub Specifications
Table 4-4
Expansion Hub Specifications
Specification
Description
Enclosure Dimensions (H × W × D)
89 mm × 438 mm × 305 mm (3.5 in. × 17.25 in. × 12 in.)
2U
Weight
< 5 kg (< 11 lb)
Operating Temperature
0° to +45°C (+32° to +113°F)
Non-operating Temperaturec
–20° to +85°C (–4° to +185°F)
Operating Humidity, non-condensing
5% to 95%
Cat-5/5E/6 Connectorsa
8 shielded RJ-45, female (Cat-5/6)
Fiber Connectorsb
1 Pair, SC/APC
LED Alarm and Status Indicators
Unit Status (1 pair):
• Power
• E-Hub Status
Fiber Link Status (1 pair):
• DL Status
• UL Status
RAU/Link Status (1 pair per RJ-45 port):
• Link
• RAU
AC Power (Volts) (47–63 Hz)
Rating: 115/230V, 5/2.5A, 50–60 Hz
Operating Range: 90–132V/170–250V auto-ranging,
2.2–1.5A/1.2–0.8A, 47–63 Hz
Power Consumption (W)
4 RAUs: 120 typical/148 max
4 RAUs & 4 Extenders: 137 typical/172 max
8 RAUs: 170 typical/212 max
8 RAUs & 8 Extenders: 204 typical/260 max
MTBF
92,820 hours
a. It is important that you use only Cat-5/5E/6 ScTP cable with shielded RJ-45 connectors.
b. It is critical to system performance that only SC/APC fiber connectors are used throughout the fiber network, including
fiber distribution panels.
c. For Japan, see separate addendum - Japan Specification Document.
4-8
CONFIDENTIAL
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
Unison Remote Access Unit
SECTION 5
The Remote Access Unit (RAU) is an active transceiver that connects to an Expansion Hub using industry-standard Cat-5/5E/6 screened twisted pair (ScTP) cable,
which delivers RF signals, configuration information, and electrical power to the
RAU.
An RAU passes RF signals between an Expansion Hub and an attached passive
antenna where the signals are transmitted to wireless devices.
Figure 5-1
Remote Access Unit in a Unison System
Downlink Path: The RAU receives downlink IF signals from an Expansion Hub via Cat-5/5E/6 cable. It converts the signals to RF and sends them to a passive RF antenna via coaxial cable.
Also, the RAU receives configuration information from the Main Hub via the Cat-5/5E/6 cable.
Downlink to antenna
Downlink to RAU
Unison Main Hub
RAU
Unison Expansion Hub
Uplink from RAU
Uplink from antenna
Uplink Path: The RAU receives uplink RF signals from a passive RF antenna via coaxial cable. It converts the signals to IF
and sends them to an Expansion Hub via Cat-5/5E/6 cable.
Also, the RAU sends its status information to the Expansion Hub via the Cat-5/5E/6 cable.
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
LGC CONFIDENTIAL
5-1
Figure 5-2
Remote Access Unit Block Diagram
Antenna
5-2
CONFIDENTIAL
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
The Unison RAUs are manufactured to a specific band or set of bands. Table 5-1 lists
the Unison RAUs, the Unison Band, and the frequency band(s) they cover.
Table 5-1
Frequency Bands covered by Unison RAUs
RF Passband
Unison
RAU
Part Number
Unison
Band
Downlink (MHz)
Uplink (MHz)
Cellular
UNS-CELL-1
Cellular
869–894
824–849
DCS
UNS-DCS-1
GSM
UNS-GSM-1
DCS1
1805–1842.5
1710–1747.5
DCS2
1842.5–1880
1747.5–1785
DCS4
1815–1850
1720–1755
GSM
925–960
880–915
iDEN
UNS-IDEN-1
iDEN
851–869
806–824
PCS
UNS-PCS-2
PCS A,D,B
1930–1965
1850–1885
PCS D,B,E,F
1945–1975
1865–1895
PCS E,F,C
1965–1990
1885–1910
PCS
A4/A5/D/B/E
1935-1970
1655-1890
PCS
A5/D/B/E/F
1940-1975
1860-1895
PCS
D/B/E/F/C2
1945-1982.5
1865-1902.5
PCS
B4/B5/E/F/C
1955-1990
1875-1910
UMTS
UNS-UMTS-2
UNS-J1-UMTS
**
AWS
PS
UNS-AWS-1
UNS-PS70-1
UMTS 1
2110–2145
1920–1955
UMTS 2
2125–2160
1935–1970
UMTS 3
2135–2170
1945–1980
UMTS 1-Japan
2110–2130
1920–1940
UMTS 2-Japan
2130–2150
1940–1960
UMTS 3-Japan
2150–2170
1960–1980
AWS1
2110-2145
1710-1745
AWS2
2120-2155
1720-1755
PS700
763-776
793-806
** For Japan, see separate addendum - Japan’s Specification Document.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960
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CONFIDENTIAL
Remote Access Unit Connectors
5.1
5.1.1
Remote Access Unit Connectors
SMA Connector
The RAU has one female SMA connector. The connector is a duplexed RF input/output port that connects to a standard passive antenna using coaxial cable.
5.1.2
RJ-45 Connector
The RAU has one RJ-45 connector that connects it to an Expansion Hub using
Cat-5/5E/6 ScTP cable. Use shielded RJ-45 connectors on the Cat-5/5E/6 cable.
NOTE: For system performance, use only Cat-5/5E/6 ScTP cable with
shielded RJ-45 connectors.
5.2
LED Indicators
Upon power up, the RAU goes through a two-second test to check the LED lamps.
During this time, the LEDs blink green/green red/red. This lets you visually verify
that the LED lamps and the firmware are functioning properly.
NOTE: Refer to Section 9 for troubleshooting using the LEDs.
Status LEDs
The RAU status LEDs can be in one of the states shown in Table 5-2. These LEDs
can be:
off
steady green
steady red
There is no off state when the unit’s power is on.
5-4
CONFIDENTIAL
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
LED Indicators
Table 5-2
Remote Access Unit LED States
LED State
Indicates
LINK
ALARM
Off
Off
• The RAU is not receiving DC power.
LINK
ALARM
Green
Green
• The RAU is powered and is not indicating a fault condition. Communication with the
Expansion Hub is normal; but the system test may need to be performed or a warning condition could exist (use AdminManager to determine).
LINK
ALARM
Green
Red
• The RAU is indicating a fault or lockout condition, but communication with the Expansion
Hub is normal.
LINK
ALARM
Red
Red
• The RAU is reporting a fault or lockout condition, and it is not able to communicate with
the Expansion Hub.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960
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CONFIDENTIAL
Faults, Warnings, and Status Messages
5.3
Faults, Warnings, and Status Messages
An event is classified as a fault, warning, or status message.
• Faults are service impacting.
• Warnings indicate a possible service impact.
• Status messages are generally not service impacting.
NOTE: You can select the type of events AdminManager displays. Refer to
Section 3.4.2, “View Preference,” on page 3-10.
Both fault and warning conditions are reported to the Expansion Hub where they are
stored until the Main Hub queries the system status. Only faults are indicated by
LEDs.
For more information, refer to:
• page 9-15 for RAU faults.
• page 9-21 for RAU warnings.
• page 9-26 for RAU status messages.
5.4
Remote Access Unit Specifications
Table 5-3
Remote Access Unit Specifications
Specification**
Description
Dimensions (H × W × D)
44 mm × 305 mm × 158 mm (1.7 in. × 12 in. × 6.2 in.)
Weight
< 1 kg (< 2 lb)
Operating Temperature**
–25° to +45°C (–13° to +113°F)
Non-operating Temperature**
–25° to +85°C (–13° to +185°F)
Operating Humidity, non-condensing
5% to 95%
RF Connectors
1 shielded RJ-45, female (Cat-5/6)a
1 SMA, male (coaxial)
LED Alarm and Status Indicators
Unit Status (1 pair): • Link • Alarm
Maximum Heat Dissipation (W)
12.5 typical, 16 max (from Expansion Hub)
MTBF
282,207 hours
a. For system performance, it is important that you use only Cat-5/5E/6 ScTP cable with shielded RJ-45 connectors.
** For Japan, see separate addendum - Japan Specification Document.
5-6
CONFIDENTIAL
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
RAUs in a Dual Band System
5.5
RAUs in a Dual Band System
A Dual Band Diplexer can be used to connect two RAUs, one that is below 1 GHz
and one that is above 1 GHz, for output to a single passive antenna.
3 ft. coaxial cable
Unison
RAU
Cat-5/6 from Expansion Hub
Dual Band
Diplexer
Antenna
3 ft. coaxial cable
Unison
RAU
Cat-5/6 from Expansion Hub
Refer to the Dual Band Diplexer specifications (LGC PN: 8000-54) for technical
information.
An alternative to a diplexer is use dual-port, dual-band antennas shown in Table 5-3.
Figure 5-3
Dual-Port Antenna Configuration
3 ft. coaxial cable
Unison
RAU
Cat-5/5E/6 from Expansion Hub
Unison
RAU
Cat-5/5E/6 from Expansion Hub
Antenna
3 ft. coaxial cable
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960
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CONFIDENTIAL
RAUs in a Dual Band System
5-8
CONFIDENTIAL
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
SECTION 6
Designing a Unison Solution
Designing a Unison solution is a matter of determining coverage and capacity needs.
This requires the following steps:
1.
Determine the wireless service provider’s requirements.
This information is usually determined by the service provider:
• Frequency (that is, 850 MHz)
• Band (that is, “A” band in the Cellular spectrum)
• Protocol (that is, TDMA, CDMA, GSM, iDEN)
• Peak capacity requirement (this, and whether or not the building is split into
sectors, determines the number of carriers that the system will have to transmit)
• Design goal (RSSI, received signal strength at the wireless handset, that
is, –85 dBm)
The design goal is always a stronger signal than the cell phone needs. It
includes inherent factors which affect performance (refer to Section 6.4.1 on
page 6-24).
• RF source (base station or BDA), type of equipment if possible
2.
Determine the power per carrier and input power from the base station or
BDA into the Main Hub: refer to Section 6.1, “Maximum Output Power Per
Carrier at RAU,” on page 6-3.
The maximum power per carrier is a function of the number of RF carriers, the
carrier headroom requirement, signal quality issues, regulatory emissions requirements, and Unison’s RF performance. Typically, the power per carrier decreases
as the number of carriers increases.
3.
Determine the in-building environment: refer to Section 6.2, “Estimating RF
Coverage,” on page 6-12.
• Determine which areas of the building require coverage (entire building, public
areas, parking levels, and so on.)
• Obtain floor plans to determine floor space of building and the wall layout of
the proposed areas to be covered. Floor plans are also useful when selecting
antenna locations.
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D-620003-0-20 Rev K
6-1
CONFIDENTIAL
• If possible, determine the building’s construction materials (sheetrock, metal,
concrete, and so on.)
• Determine type of environment
– Open layout (for example, a convention center)
– Dense, close walls (for example, a hospital)
– Mixed use (for example, an office building with hard wall offices and cubicles)
4.
Develop an RF link budget: refer to Section 6.4, “Link Budget Analysis,” on
page 6-24.
Knowing the power per carrier, you can calculate an RF link budget. This is used
to predict how much propagation loss can be allowed in the system, while still
providing satisfactory performance throughout the area being covered. The link
budget is a methodical way to derive a “design goal”. If the design goal is provided in advance, the link budget is: allowable RF loss = maximum power per
carrier – design goal.
5.
Determine the appropriate estimated path loss slope that corresponds to the
type of building and its layout, and estimate the coverage distance for each
RAU: refer to Section 6.2, “Estimating RF Coverage,” on page 6-12.
The path loss slope (PLS), which gives a value to the RF propagation characteristics within the building, is used to convert the RF link budget into an estimate of
the coverage distance per antenna. This helps establish the Unison equipment
quantities needed. The actual path loss slope that corresponds to the specific RF
environment inside the building can also be determined empirically by performing an RF site-survey of the building. This involves transmitting a calibrated tone
for a fixed antenna and making measurements with a mobile antenna throughout
the area surrounding the transmitter.
6.
Determine the items required to connect to the base station: refer to
Section 6.6, “Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station,” on page 6-37.
Once you know the quantities of Unison equipment you will use, you can determine the accessories (combiners/dividers, surge suppressors, repeaters, attenuators, circulators, and so on.) required to connect the system to the base station.
The individual elements that must be considered in designing a Unison solution are
explained in the following sections.
NOTE: Access the LGC Wireless portal at LGCWireless.com for on-line
dimensioning and design tools.
6-2
CONFIDENTIAL
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
Maximum Output Power Per Carrier at RAU
6.1
Maximum Output Power Per Carrier at RAU
The following tables show the recommended maximum power per carrier out of the
RAU SMA connector for different frequencies, formats, and numbers of carriers.
These limits are dictated by RF signal quality and regulatory emissions issues. The
maximum input power to the Main Hub is determined by subtracting the system gain
from the maximum output power of the RAU. System gain is software selectable
from 0 dB to 15 dB in 1 dB steps. Additionally, both the uplink and downlink of each
RAU gain can be reduced by 10 dB.
When you connect a Main Hub to a base station or repeater, the RF power per carrier
usually needs to be attenuated in order to avoid exceeding Unison’s maximum output
power recommendations.
Refer to Section 6.7, “Designing for a Neutral Host System,” on page 6-44 when
combining frequencies or protocols on a single Main Hub.
WARNING: Exceeding the maximum input power could cause permanent damage to the Main Hub. Do not exceed the maximum composite input power of 1W (+30 dBm) to the Main Hub at any time.
NOTE: These specifications are for downlink power at the RAU output (excluding
antenna).
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960
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6-3
CONFIDENTIAL
Maximum Output Power Per Carrier at RAU
6.1.1
800 MHz Cellular
Table 6-1
Cellular Power per Carrier
Power per Carrier (dBm)
CDMA
No. of
Carriers
AMPS
TDMA
2 km SMF/
1 km MMF
2 km SMF/
1 km MMF
GSM
GSM
EDGE
EDGE
2 km SMF
1 km MMF
2 km SMF
1 km MMF
2 km SMF/
1 km MMF
27.0
24.0
27.0
27.0
24.0
24.0
17.0
21.0
19.0
14.5
12.5
14.5
12.5
14.0
17.5
16.0
12.5
10.5
12.5
10.5
12.0
14.5
14.0
11.5
9.5
11.5
9.5
11.0
13.0
12.5
10.5
8.5
10.5
8.5
10.0
11.5
11.5
9.5
7.5
9.5
7.5
9.0
10.5
10.5
9.0
7.0
9.0
7.0
8.5
9.5
9.5
8.5
6.5
8.5
6.5
8.0
9.0
9.0
8.5
6.5
8.5
6.5
10
8.0
8.5
8.0
6.0
8.0
6.0
11
8.0
8.0
7.5
5.5
7.5
5.5
12
7.5
7.5
7.5
5.5
7.0
5.5
13
7.0
7.5
7.0
5.0
7.0
5.0
14
6.5
7.0
7.0
5.0
6.5
5.0
15
6.5
6.5
6.5
4.5
6.0
4.5
16
6.0
6.5
6.5
4.5
6.0
4.5
20
5.0
5.5
5.5
3.5
5.0
3.5
30
3.0
3.5
4.0
2.0
3.0
2.5
Note: Operation at or above these output power levels may prevent Unison from meeting RF performance specifications or FCC Part 15 and EN55022 emissions requirements. Refer to the Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference manual for system design information.
6-4
CONFIDENTIAL
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
Maximum Output Power Per Carrier at RAU
6.1.2
800 MHz iDEN/SMR
Table 6-2
iDEN/SMR Power per Carrier
Power per Carrier (dBm)
No. of
Carriers
iDEN
Analog FM
CQPSK
C4FM
Motient Data
TAC
2 km SMF/
1 km MMF
2 km SMF/
1 km MMF
2 km SMF/
1 km MMF
2 km SMF/
1 km MMF
2 km SMF/
1 km MMF
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
9.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
8.0
10.0
9.5
10.0
7.0
9.5
9.0
9.0
6.5
8.5
8.0
8.5
6.0
8.0
7.5
7.5
10
5.5
7.0
7.0
7.0
Note: Operation at or above these output power levels may prevent Unison from meeting RF performance specifications or FCC Part 15 and EN55022 emissions requirements. Refer to the Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference manual for system design information.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960
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6-5
CONFIDENTIAL
Maximum Output Power Per Carrier at RAU
6.1.3
900 MHz GSM and EDGE
Table 6-3
GSM and EDGE Power per Carrier
Power per Carrier (dBm)
No. of
Carriers
GSM
GSM
EDGE
EDGE
2 km SMF
1 km MMF
2 km SMF
1 km MMF
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
13.0
12.0
13.0
12.0
11.0
10.0
11.0
10.0
10.0
9.0
10.0
9.0
9.0
8.0
9.0
8.0
8.0
7.0
8.0
7.0
7.5
6.5
7.5
6.5
7.0
6.0
7.0
6.0
6.5
5.5
6.5
5.5
10
6.0
5.5
6.0
5.5
11
5.5
5.0
5.5
5.0
12
5.0
4.5
5.0
4.5
13
5.0
4.5
5.0
4.5
14
4.5
4.0
4.5
4.0
15
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
16
4.0
3.5
4.0
3.5
Note: Operation at or above these output power levels may prevent Unison from meeting RF performance specifications or FCC Part 15
and EN55022 emissions requirements. Refer to the Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference manual for system design information.
6-6
CONFIDENTIAL
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
Maximum Output Power Per Carrier at RAU
6.1.4
1800 MHz DCS
Table 6-4
DCS Power per Carrier
Power per Carrier (dBm)
No. of
Carriers
GSM
GSM
EDGE
EDGE
CDMA
2 km SMF
1 km MMF
2 km SMF
1 km MMF
2 km SMF/1 km MMF
17.5
17.5
17.5
17.5
16.0
14.5
14.0
14.5
14.0
13.0
12.5
12.0
12.5
12.0
11.0
11.5
11.0
11.5
11.0
10.0
10.5
10.0
10.5
10.0
9.0
9.5
9.0
9.5
9.0
8.0
9.0
8.5
9.0
8.5
7.5
8.5
8.0
8.0
8.0
7.0
8.0
7.5
7.5
7.5
6.5
10
7.5
7.5
7.0
7.0
6.0
11
7.0
7.0
6.5
6.5
5.5
12
6.5
6.5
6.0
6.0
5.0
13
6.5
6.5
6.0
6.0
5.0
14
6.0
6.0
5.5
5.5
4.5
15
5.5
5.5
5.0
5.0
4.0
16
5.5
5.5
5.0
5.0
4.0
Note: Operation at or above these output power levels may prevent Unison from meeting RF performance specifications or FCC Part 15 and
EN55022 emissions requirements. Refer to the Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference manual for system design information.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
6-7
CONFIDENTIAL
Maximum Output Power Per Carrier at RAU
6.1.5
1900 MHz PCS
Table 6-5
PCS Power per Carrier
Power per Carrier (dBm)
No. of
Carriers
TDMA
GSM
GSM
EDGE
EDGE
CDMA
2 km SMF/1 km MMF
2 km SMF
1 km MMF
2 km SMF
1 km MMF
2 km SMF/1 km MMF
23.0
26.0
26.0
23.0
23.0
16.0
18.0
15.5
14.0
15.5
14.0
13.0
15.0
13.5
12.0
13.5
12.0
11.0
13.0
12.0
11.0
12.0
11.0
10.0
11.5
11.0
10.0
10.5
10.0
9.0
10.5
10.5
9.0
9.5
9.0
8.0
9.5
10.0
8.5
9.0
8.5
7.5
8.5
9.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
7.0
8.0
8.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
10
7.5
8.0
7.5
7.0
7.0
11
7.0
7.5
7.0
6.5
6.5
12
6.5
7.0
6.5
6.0
6.0
13
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.0
6.0
14
6.0
6.5
6.0
5.5
5.5
15
5.5
6.0
6.0
5.0
5.0
16
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.0
5.0
20
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.0
4.0
30
2.5
3.0
3.0
2.0
2.0
Note: Operation at or above these output power levels may prevent Unison from meeting RF performance specifications or FCC Part 15 and EN55022
emissions requirements. Refer to the Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference manual for system design information.
6-8
CONFIDENTIAL
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
Maximum Output Power Per Carrier at RAU
6.1.6
2.1 GHz UMTS
Table 6-6
No. of
Carriers
UMTS Power per Carrier**
Power per
Carrier (dBm)
WCDMA
2 km SMF/1 km MMF
15.0
11.0
8.0
6.5
5.0
4.0
3.0
max. composite DL
These PPC numbers assume 2 km of SMF or 1 km of MMF.
Note: measurements taken with no baseband clipping.
Note: Operation at or above these output power levels may prevent Unison from meeting RF
performance specifications or FCC Part 15 and EN55022 emissions requirements. Refer to
the Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference manual for system design information.
** For Japan, refer to separate addendum - Japan Specification Document.
6.1.7
1.7/2.1 GHz AWS
Table 6-7
No. of
Carriers
AWS Power per Carrier
Power per
Carrier (dBm)
WCDMA
2 km SMF/1 km MMF
15.0
11.0
8.0
6.5
5.0
4.0
3.0
max. composite DL
These PPC numbers assume 2 km of SMF or 1 km of MMF.
Note: measurements taken with no baseband clipping.
Note: Operation at or above these output power levels may prevent Unison from meeting RF
performance specifications or FCC Part 15 and EN55022 emissions requirements. Refer to
the Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference manual for system design information.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
6-9
CONFIDENTIAL
Maximum Output Power Per Carrier at RAU
6.1.8
700 MHz Public Safety
Table 6-8
Public Safety 700 MHz Power per Carrier
Power per Carrier (dBm)
No. of
Carriers
iDEN
APCO25
CQPSK
APCO25
C4FM
CDMA
2000
WCDMA
10.0
10.0
10.0
16.0
15.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
13.0
11.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
11.0
8.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
6.5
9.0
10.0
10.0
9.0
5.0
8.0
9.5
10.0
8.0
7.0
9.0
9.0
7.5
6.5
8.0
8.5
7.0
6.0
7.5
7.5
10
5.5
7.0
7.0
Max. composite DL
Note: Operation at or above these output power levels may prevent Unison from meeting RF performance specifications or FCC Part 15 and EN55022
emissions requirements. Refer to the Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference manual for system design information.
Table 6-9
900 MHz Paging/SMR/iDEN
Power per Carrier (dBm)
No. of
Carriers
iDEN
Analog
FM
CQPSK
C4FM
Mobitex
POCSAG/
REFLEX
2 km SMF
1 km MMF
2 km SMF
1 km MMF
2 km SMF
1 km MMF
2 km SMF
1 km MMF
2 km SMF
1 km MMF
2 km SMF
1 km MMF
17.5
26.0
22.0
26.0
26.0
26.0
14.0
19.5
17.0
19.5
19.5
19.5
11.5
16.5
14.5
16.0
16.0
16.0
10.0
13.5
12.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
9.0
12.0
11.0
11.5
8.0
10.5
9.5
10.0
7.0
9.5
9.0
9.0
6.5
8.5
8.0
8.5
6.0
8.0
7.5
7.5
10
5.5
7.0
7.0
7.0
Note: Operation at or above the output power levels may prevent Unison from meeting RF performance specifications or FCC Part 15 and
EN55022 emissions requirements. Refer to the Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference manual for system design information.
6-10
CONFIDENTIAL
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
Maximum Output Power Per Carrier at RAU
Table 6-10
800 MHz Cellular/1900 MHz PCS Power per Carrier
Recommended Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU (dBm)
800 MHz Cellular
1900 MHz PCS
TDMA
AMPS
CDMA
TDMA
No. of
Carriers
2 km SMF/
1 km MMF
2 km SMF/
1 km MMF
2 km SMF/
1 km MMF
2 km
SMF
2 km
SMF
1 km
MMF
2 km
SMF
1 km
MMF
2 km SMF/
1 km MMF
23.0
26.0
16.0
21.5
24.5
24.5
21.5
21.5
14.5
18.0
20.0
13.0
16.5
14.0
12.5
14.0
12.5
11.5
15.0
16.5
11.0
13.5
12.0
10.5
12.0
10.5
9.5
13.0
13.5
10.0
11.5
10.5
9.5
10.5
9.5
8.5
11.5
12.0
9.0
10.0
9.5
8.5
9.0
8.5
7.5
10.5
10.5
8.0
9.0
9.0
7.5
8.0
7.5
6.5
9.5
9.5
7.5
8.0
8.5
7.0
7.5
7.0
6.0
8.5
8.5
7.0
7.0
7.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
5.5
8.0
8.0
6.5
7.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
10
7.5
7.0
6.0
6.5
6.0
5.5
5.5
11
7.0
7.0
5.5
6.0
5.5
5.0
5.0
N/A
GSM
EDGE
12
6.5
6.5
5.0
5.5
5.0
4.5
4.5
13
6.5
6.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
4.5
4.5
14
6.0
5.5
4.5
5.0
4.5
4.0
4.0
15
5.5
5.5
4.0
4.5
4.5
3.5
3.5
16
5.5
5.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
3.5
3.5
20
4.5
4.0
3.0
CDMA
Note: Operation at or above these output power levels may prevent Unison from meeting RF performance specifications or FCC Part 15 and EN55022 emissions requirements.
Refer to the Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference manual for system design information.
Allowing for Future Capacity Growth
Sometimes a Unison deployment is initially used to enhance coverage. Later, that
same system may also need to provide increased capacity. Thus, the initial deployment might only transmit two carriers but need to transmit four carriers later. There
are two options for dealing with this scenario:
1.
Design the initial coverage with a maximum power per carrier for four carriers.
2.
Design the initial coverage for two carriers but leave RAU ports on the Expansion
Hubs unused. These ports can be used later if coverage holes are discovered once
the power per carrier is lowered to accommodate the two additional carriers.
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6-11
CONFIDENTIAL
Estimating RF Coverage
6.2
Estimating RF Coverage
The maximum power per carrier (based on the number and type of RF carriers that
are being transmitted) and the minimum acceptable received power at the wireless
device (i.e., RSSI, the design goal) establish the RF link budget, and consequently the
maximum acceptable path loss between the antenna and the wireless device.
Figure 6-1
Determining Path Loss between the Antenna and the Wireless Device
Antenna Gain = G
Coax cable loss = Lcoax
RAU
P = power per
carrier from the RAU
Distance = d
RSSI = power at the
wireless device
(P - Lcoax + G) – RSSI = PL
(1)
The path loss (PL) is the loss in decibels (dB) between the antenna and the wireless
device. The distance, d, from the antenna corresponding to this path loss can be calculated using the path loss equations in Section 6.2.1 and in Section 6.2.2.
Coaxial cable is used to connect the RAU to an antenna. The following table lists
coaxial cable loss for various cable lengths.
Table 6-11
6-12
CONFIDENTIAL
Coaxial Cable Losses (Lcoax)
Length of Cable
(.195 in. diameter)
Loss at
800 MHz
(dB)
Loss at
1900 MHz
(dB)
0.9 m (3 ft)
0.6
0.8
1.8 m (6 ft)
1.0
1.5
3.0 m (10 ft)
1.5
2.3
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
Estimating RF Coverage
6.2.1
Path Loss Equation
Indoor path loss obeys the distance power law1 in equation (2):
PL = 20log(4πd0f/c) + PLSlog(d/d0) + Χs
(2)
where:
• PL is the path loss at a distance, d, from the antenna (the distance between the
antenna connected to the RAU and the point where the RF signal decreases to
the minimum acceptable level at the wireless device).
• d is the distance expressed in meters.
• d0 is usually taken as 1 meter of free-space.
• f is the operating frequency in Hertz.
• c is the speed of light in a vacuum (3.0 × 108 m/sec).
• PLS is the path loss slope and depends on the building “clutter” or environment.
• Χs is a normal random variable that depends on partition losses inside the building, and therefore, depends on the frequency of operation.
As a reference, the following table gives estimates of signal loss for some RF barriers.1
Table 6-12
Average Signal Loss of Common Building Materials
Partition Type
Loss (dB)
Frequency (MHz)
Metal wall
26
815
Aluminum siding
20
815
Foil insulation
815
Cubicle walls
1.4
900
Concrete block wall
13
1300
Concrete floor
10
1300
Sheetrock
1 to 2
1300
Light machinery
1300
General machinery
1300
Heavy machinery
11
1300
Equipment racks
1300
Assembly line
1300
Ceiling duct
1300
Metal stairs
1300
1. Rappaport, Theodore S. Wireless Communications, Principles, and Practice. Prentice Hall PTR, 1996.
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CONFIDENTIAL
Estimating RF Coverage
6.2.2
Coverage Distance
Use equations (1) and (2), on pages 6-12 and 6-13, respectively, to estimate the distance from the antenna to where the RF signal decreases to the minimum acceptable
level at the wireless device.
Equation (2) can be simplified to:
PL(d) = 20log(4πf/c) + PLSlog(d)
(3)
where PLS (path loss slope) is chosen to account for the building’s environment.
Because different frequencies penetrate partitions with different losses, the value of
PLS varies depending on the frequency.
Table 6-13 shows the estimated path loss slope (PLS) for various environments that
have different “clutter” (that is, objects that attenuate the RF signals, such as walls,
partitions, stairwells, equipment racks, and so on.)
Table 6-13
Estimated Path Loss Slope for Different In-Building Environments
Environment Type
Example
PLS for
800/900 MHz
PLS for 1800
/1900/2100 MHz
Open Environment with very few
RF obstructions
Parking Garage, Convention Center
33.7
30.1
Moderately Open Environment
with low-to-medium amount of RF
obstructions
Warehouse, Airport, Manufacturing
35
32
Mildly Dense Environment with
medium-to-high amount of RF
obstructions
Retail, Office Space with approximately 80% cubicles and 20% hard
walled offices
36.1
33.1
Moderately Dense Environment
with medium-to-high amount of RF
obstructions
Office Space with approximately
50% cubicles and 50% hard walled
offices
37.6
34.8
Dense Environment with large
amount of RF obstructions
Hospital, Office Space with approximately 20% cubicles and 80% hard
walled offices
39.4
38.1
For simplicity, Equation (3), Coverage Distance, can be used to estimate the coverage
distance of an antenna connected to an RAU, for a given path loss, frequency, and
type of in-building environment.
6-14
CONFIDENTIAL
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
Estimating RF Coverage
Table 6-14 gives the value of the first term of Equation (3) (that is, (20log(4πf/c)) for
various frequency bands.
Table 6-14
Frequency Bands and the Value of the first Term in Equation (3)
Band (MHz)
Uplink
Downlink
Mid-Band
Frequency
(MHz)
800 MHz Cellular
824–849
869–894
859
31.1
800 MHz iDEN
806–824
851–869
837.5
30.9
900 MHz GSM
890–915
935–960
925
31.8
900 MHz EGSM
880–915
925–960
920
31.7
1800 MHz DCS
1710–1785
1805–1880
1795
37.5
1900 MHz PCS
1850–1910
1930–1990
1920
38.1
2045
20log(4πf/c)
2.1 GHz UMTS
1920–1980
2110–2170
1.7/2.1 GHz AWS
1710-1755
2110-2155
2132.5
39.0
38.7
700MHz PS
763-776
793-806
784.5
30.3
a. Due to the wide frequency spread between the Uplink and Downlink bands, the mid-band frequency
of the Downlink band was chosen for 1.7/2.1 GHz AWS.
For reference, Tables 6-15 through 6-21 show the distance covered by an antenna for
various in-building environments. The following assumptions were made:
• Path loss Equation (3)
• 6 dBm output per carrier at the RAU output
• 3 dBi antenna gain
• RSSI = –85 dBm (typical for narrowband protocols, but not for spread-spectrum protocols)
Table 6-15 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna
for 800 MHz Cellular Applications
Distance from Antenna
Environment Type
Meters
Open Environment
73
241
Moderately Open Environment
63
205
Mildly Dense Environment
55
181
Moderately Dense Environment
47
154
Dense Environment
39
129
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Feet
6-15
CONFIDENTIAL
Estimating RF Coverage
Table 6-16 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna
for 800 MHz iDEN Applications
Distance from Antenna
Facility
Meters
Feet
Open Environment
75
244
Moderately Open Environment
64
208
Mildly Dense Environment
56
184
Moderately Dense Environment
48
156
Dense Environment
40
131
Table 6-17 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna
for 900 MHz GSM Applications
Distance from Antenna
Facility
Meters
Feet
Open Environment
70
230
Moderately Open Environment
60
197
Mildly Dense Environment
53
174
Moderately Dense Environment
45
148
Dense Environment
38
125
Table 6-18 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna
for 900 MHz EGSM Applications
Distance from Antenna
6-16
CONFIDENTIAL
Facility
Meters
Feet
Open Environment
70
231
Moderately Open Environment
60
197
Mildly Dense Environment
53
174
Moderately Dense Environment
45
149
Dense Environment
38
125
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D-620003-0-20 Rev K
Estimating RF Coverage
Table 6-19 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna
for 1800 MHz DCS Applications
Distance from Antenna
Facility
Meters
Feet
Open Environment
75
246
Moderately Open Environment
58
191
Mildly Dense Environment
50
166
Moderately Dense Environment
42
137
Dense Environment
30
100
Table 6-20 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna
for 1800 MHz CDMA (Korea) Applications
Distance from Antenna
Facility
Meters
Feet
Open Environment
75
247
Moderately Open Environment
58
191
Mildly Dense Environment
51
167
Moderately Dense Environment
42
138
Dense Environment
30
100
Table 6-21 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna
for 1900 MHz PCS Applications
Distance from Antenna
Facility
Meters
Feet
Open Environment
72
236
Moderately Open Environment
56
183
Mildly Dense Environment
49
160
Moderately Dense Environment
40
132
Dense Environment
29
96
Table 6-22 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna
for 2.1 GHz UMTS Applicationsa
Distance from Antenna
Facility
Meters
Feet
Open Environment
69
226
Moderately Open Environment
54
176
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960
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6-17
CONFIDENTIAL
Estimating RF Coverage
Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna
for 2.1 GHz UMTS Applicationsa
Table 6-22
Distance from Antenna
Facility
Meters
Feet
Mildly Dense Environment
47
154
Moderately Dense Environment
39
128
Dense Environment
28
93
a. For Japan, refer to the separate addendum: Japan Specification Document.
Table 6-23 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna
for 1.7/2.1 GHz AWS Applications
Distance from Antenna
Facility
Meters
Feet
Open Environment
67
220
Moderately Open Environment
52
172
Mildly Dense Environment
46
150
Moderately Dense Environment
38
125
Dense Environment
28
91
Table 6-24 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna
for 700 MHz Public Safety Applications
Distance from Antenna
6-18
CONFIDENTIAL
Facility
Meters
Feet
Open Environment
78
254
Moderately Open Environment
66
216
Mildly Dense Environment
58
190
Moderately Dense Environment
49
162
Dense Environment
41
136
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Estimating RF Coverage
6.2.3
Examples of Design Estimates
Example Design Estimate for an 800 MHz TDMA Application
1.
Design goals:
• Cellular (859 MHz = average of the lowest uplink and the highest downlink
frequency in 800 MHz Cellular band)
• TDMA provider
• 12 TDMA carriers in the system
• –85 dBm design goal (to 95% of the building) — the minimum received power
at the wireless device
• Base station with simplex RF connections
2.
Power Per Carrier: The tables in Section 6.1, “Maximum Output Power Per
Carrier at RAU,” on page 6-3 provide maximum power per carrier information.
The 800 MHz TDMA table (on page 6-4) indicates that Unison can support 12
carriers with a recommended maximum power per carrier of 7.5 dBm. The input
power should be set to the desired output power minus the system gain.
3.
Building information:
• Eight floor building with 9,290 sq. meters (100,000 sq. ft.) per floor; total
74,322 sq. meters (800,000 sq. ft.).
• Walls are sheetrock construction, suspended ceiling tiles.
• Antennas used will be omni-directional, ceiling mounted.
• Standard office environment, 50% hard wall offices and 50% cubicles.
4.
Link Budget: In this example, a design goal of –85 dBm is used. Suppose 3 dBi
omni-directional antennas are used in the design. Then, the maximum RF propagation loss should be no more than 95.5 dB (7.5 dBm + 3 dBi + 85 dBm) over
95% of the area being covered. It is important to note that a design goal such as
–85 dBm is usually derived taking into account multipath fading and log-normal
shadowing characteristics. Thus, this design goal will only be met “on average”
over 95% of the area being covered. At any given point, a fade may bring the signal level underneath the design goal.
Note that this method of calculating a link budget is only for the downlink path.
For information to calculate link budgets for both the downlink and uplink paths,
refer to Section 6.4 on page 6-24.
5.
Path Loss Slope: For a rough estimate, Table 6-13, “Estimated Path Loss Slope for
Different In-Building Environments” on page 6-14, shows that a building with 50%
hard wall offices and 50% cubicles, at 859 MHz, has an approximate path loss slope
(PLS) of 37.6. Given the RF link budget of 95.5 dB, the distance of coverage from
each RAU will be 52 meters (170.6 ft). This corresponds to a coverage area of
8,494 sq. meters (91,425 sq. ft.) per RAU (refer to Section 6.2.1 for details on path
loss estimation). For this case we assumed a circular radiation pattern, though the
actual area covered depends upon the pattern of the antenna and the obstructions in
the facility.
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6-19
CONFIDENTIAL
Estimating RF Coverage
Equipment Required: Since you know the building size, you can now estimate
the Unison equipment quantities that will be needed. Before any RF levels are
tested in the building, you can estimate that two antennas per level will be needed.
This assumes no propagation between floors. If there is propagation, you may not
need antennas on every floor.
a.
2 antennas per floor × 8 floors = 16 RAUs
b.
16 RAUs ÷ 8 (maximum 8 RAUs per Expansion Hub) = 2 Expansion Hubs
c.
2 Expansion Hubs ÷ 4 (maximum 4 Expansion Hubs per Main Hub) = 1 Main
Hub
Check that the fiber and Cat-5 cable distances are as recommended. If the distances differ, use the tables in Section 6.3, “System Gain,” on page 6-23 to determine system gains or losses. The path loss may need to be recalculated to assure
adequate signal levels in the required coverage distance.
The above estimates assume that all cable length requirements are met. If Expansion
Hubs cannot be placed so that the RAUs are within the distance requirement, additional Expansion Hubs may need to be placed closer to the required RAUs locations.
An RF Site Survey and Building Evaluation is required to accurately establish the
Unison equipment quantities required for the building. The site survey measures the
RF losses within the building to determine the actual PLS, which are used in the final
path loss formula to determine the actual requirements of the Unison system.
6-20
CONFIDENTIAL
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
Estimating RF Coverage
Example Design Estimate for an 1900 MHz CDMA Application
1.
Design goals:
• PCS (1920 MHz = average of the lowest uplink and the highest downlink frequency in 1900 MHz PCS band)
• CDMA provider
• 8 CDMA carriers in the system
• –85 dBm design goal (to 95% of the building) — the minimum received power
at the wireless device
• Base station with simplex RF connections
2.
Power Per Carrier: The tables in Section 6.1, “Maximum Output Power Per
Carrier at RAU,” on page 6-3 provide maximum power per carrier information.
The 1900 MHz CDMA table (on page 6-8) indicates that Unison can support
eight carriers with a recommended maximum power per carrier of 6.5 dBm. The
input power should be set to the desired output power minus the system gain.
3.
Building information:
• 16 floor building with 9,290 sq. meters (100,000 sq. ft.) per floor; total
148,640 sq. meters (1,600,000 sq. ft.).
• Walls are sheetrock construction, suspended ceiling tiles.
• Antennas used are omni-directional, ceiling mounted.
• Standard office environment, 80% hard wall offices and 20% cubicles.
4.
Link Budget: In this example, a design goal of –85 dBm is used. Suppose 3 dBi
omni-directional antennas are used in the design. Then, the maximum RF propagation loss should be no more than 94.5 dB (6.5 dBm + 3 dBi + 85 dBm) over
95% of the area being covered. It is important to note that a design goal such as
–85 dBm is usually derived taking into account multipath fading and log-normal
shadowing characteristics. Thus, this design goal will only be met “on average”
over 95% of the area being covered. At any given point, a fade may bring the signal level underneath the design goal.
Note that this method of calculating a link budget is only for the downlink path.
For information to calculate link budgets for both the downlink and uplink paths,
refer to Section 6.4 on page 6-24.
5.
Path Loss Slope: For a rough estimate, Table 6-13, “Estimated Path Loss Slope for
Different In-Building Environments” on page 6-14, shows that a building with 80%
hard wall offices and 20% cubicles, at 1920 MHz, has an approximate path loss
slope (PLS) of 38.1. Given the RF link budget of 94.5 dB, the distance of coverage
from each RAU will be 30.2 meters (99 ft). This corresponds to a coverage area
of 2,868 sq. meters (30,854 sq. ft.) per RAU (refer to Section 6.2.1 for details on
path loss estimation). For this case we assumed a circular radiation pattern, though
the actual area covered depends upon the pattern of the antenna and the obstructions
in the facility.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960
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6-21
CONFIDENTIAL
Estimating RF Coverage
6.
Equipment Required: Since you know the building size, you can now estimate
the Unison equipment quantities needed. Before you test any RF levels in the
building, you can estimate that four antennas per level will be needed. This
assumes no propagation between floors. If there is propagation, you may not need
antennas on every floor.
a.
4 antennas per floor × 16 floors = 64 RAUs
b.
64 RAUs ÷ 8 (maximum 8 RAUs per Expansion Hub) = 8 Expansion Hubs
c.
8 Expansion Hubs ÷ 4 (maximum 4 Expansion Hubs per Main Hub) = 2 Main
Hubs
Check that the fiber and Cat-5/5E/6 cable distances are as recommended. If the
distances differ, use the tables in Section 6.3, “System Gain,” on page 6-23 to
determine system gains or losses. The path loss may need to be recalculated to
assure adequate signal levels in the required coverage distance.
The above estimates assume that all cable length requirements are met. If Expansion
Hubs cannot be placed so that the RAUs are within the distance requirement, additional Expansion Hubs may need to be placed closer to the required RAUs locations.
An RF Site Survey and Building Evaluation is required to accurately establish the
Unison equipment quantities required for the building. The site survey measures the
RF losses within the building to determine the actual PLS, used in the final path loss
formula to determine the actual requirements of the Unison system.
6-22
CONFIDENTIAL
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
System Gain
6.3
System Gain
The system gain can be decreased from 15 dB to 0 dB gain in 1 dB increments and
the uplink and downlink gains of each RAU can be independently decreased by
10 dB in one step using AdminManager or OpsConsole.a
6.3.1
System Gain (Loss) Relative to ScTP Cable Length
The recommended minimum length of ScTP cable is 10 meters (33 ft) and the recommended maximum length is 100 meters (328 ft). The system should not be operated
with ScTP cable that is less than 10 meters (33 ft) in length, system performance is
greatly compromised. If the ScTP cable is longer than 100 meters (328 ft), the gain of
the system decreases, as shown in Table 6-25.
Table 6-25
System Gain (Loss) Relative to ScTP Cable Length
Typical change in system gain (dB)
ScTP with CAT-5
Extender
ScTP Cable
Length
Downlink
Uplink
800 MHz TDMA/AMPS and CDMA; 900 MHz GSM and EGSM; and iDEN
180 m
110 m / 361 ft
–1.0
–0.7
190 m
120 m / 394 ft
–3.2
–2.4
200 m
130 m / 426 ft
–5.3
–4.1
210 m
140 m / 459 ft
–7.5
–5.8
220 m
150 m / 492 ft
–9.7
–7.6
1800 MHz GSM (DCS); 1900 MHz TDMA, CDMA, and GSM
180 m
110 m / 361 ft
–1.0
–0.7
190 m
120 m / 394 ft
–4.0
–2.4
200 m
130 m / 426 ft
–6.4
–4.1
210 m
140 m / 459 ft
–8.8
–5.8
150 m / 492 ft
–11.3
–7.6
220 m
2.1 GHz UMTS ; 1.7/2.1 GHz AWS
180 m
110 m / 361 ft
–1.0
–0.7
190 m
120 m / 394 ft
–3.2
–2.4
200 m
130 m / 426 ft
–5.3
–4.1
210 m
140 m / 459 ft
–7.5
–5.8
220 m
150 m / 492 ft
–9.7
–7.6
a. For Japan, refer to the separate addendum: Japan Specification Document.
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Link Budget Analysis
6.4
Link Budget Analysis
A link budget is a methodical way to account for the gains and losses in an RF system
so that the quality of coverage can be predicted. The end result can often be stated as
a “design goal” in which the coverage is determined by the maximum distance from
each RAU before the signal strength falls beneath that goal.
One key feature of the link budget is the maximum power per carrier explained in
Section 6.1. While the maximum power per carrier is important as far as emissions
and signal quality requirements are concerned, it is critical that the maximum signal
into the Main Hub never exceed 1W (+30 dBm). Composite power levels above this
limit will cause damage to the Main Hub.
WARNING: Exceeding the maximum input power of 1W (+30 dBm)
could cause permanent damage to the Main Hub.
NOTE: Visit the LGC Wireless customer portal at LGCWireless.com for
the on-line Link Budget Tool.
6.4.1
Elements of a Link Budget for Narrowband Standards
The link budget represents a typical calculation that might be used to determine how
much path loss can be afforded in a Unison design. This link budget analyzes both the
downlink and uplink paths. For most configurations, the downlink requires lower
path loss and is therefore the limiting factor in the system design. It is for this reason
that a predetermined “design goal” for the downlink is sufficient to predict coverage
distance.
The link budget is organized in a simple manner: the transmitted power is calculated,
the airlink losses due to fading and body loss are summed, and the receiver sensitivity
(minimum level a signal can be received for acceptable call quality) is calculated. The
maximum allowable path loss (in dB) is the difference between the transmitted
power, less the airlink losses, and the receiver sensitivity. From the path loss, the
maximum coverage distance can be estimated using the path loss formula presented
in Section 6.2.1.
Table 6-26 provides link budget considerations for narrowband systems.
** For Japan, see separate addendum - Japan Specification Document.
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Link Budget Analysis
Table 6-26
Link Budget Considerations for Narrowband Systems
Consideration
Description
BTS Transmit Power
The power per carrier transmitted from the base station output
Attenuation between
BTS and Unison
This includes all losses: cable, attenuator, splitter/combiner, and so forth.
On the downlink, attenuation must be chosen so that the maximum power per carrier going into the
Main Hub does not exceed the levels given in Section 6.1.
On the uplink, attenuation is chosen to keep the maximum uplink signal and noise level low enough
to prevent base station alarms but small enough not to cause degradation in the system sensitivity.
If the Unison noise figure minus the attenuation is at least 10 dB higher than the BTS noise figure,
the system noise figure is approximately that of Unison alone. Refer to Section 6.6 for ways to independently set the uplink and downlink attenuations between the base station and Unison.
Antenna Gain
The radiated output power includes antenna gain. For example, if you use a 3 dBi antenna at the
RAU that is transmitting 0 dBm per carrier, the effective radiated power (relative to an isotropic
radiator) is 3 dBm per carrier.
BTS Noise Figure
This is the effective noise floor of the base station input (usually base station sensitivity is this effective noise floor plus a certain C/I ratio).
Unison Noise Figure
This is Unison’s uplink noise figure, which varies depending on the number of Expansion Hubs and
RAUs, and the frequency band. Unison’s uplink noise figure is specified for a 1-1-8 configuration.
Thus, the noise figure for a Unison system (or multiple systems whose uplink ports are power combined) is NF(1-1-8) + 10*log(# of Expansion Hubs). This represents an upper-bound because the
noise figure is lower if any of the Expansion Hub’s RAU ports are not used.
Thermal Noise
This is the noise level in the signal bandwidth (BW).
Thermal noise power = –174 dBm/Hz + 10Log(BW).
Protocol
Signal
Bandwidth
Thermal
Noise
TDMA
30 kHz
–129 dBm
GSM
200 kHz
–121 dBm
iDEN
25 kHz
–130 dBm
Required C/I ratio
For each wireless standard, a certain C/I (carrier to interference) ratio is needed to obtain acceptable
demodulation performance. For narrowband systems, (TDMA, GSM, EDGE, iDEN, AMPS) this
level varies from about 9 dB to 20 dB.
Mobile Transmit
Power
The maximum power the mobile can transmit (power transmitted at highest power level setting).
Multipath Fade
Margin
This margin allows for a certain level of fading due to multipath interference. Inside buildings there
is often one or more fairly strong signals and many weaker signals arriving from reflections and diffraction. Signals arriving from multiple paths add constructively or destructively. This margin
accounts for the possibility of destructive multipath interference. In RF site surveys the effects of
multipath fading are typically not accounted for because such fading is averaged out over power
level samples taken over many locations.
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Link Budget Analysis
Table 6-26
Link Budget Considerations for Narrowband Systems (continued)
Consideration
Description
Log-normal Fade
Margin
This margin adds an allowance for RF shadowing due to objects obstructing the direct path between
the mobile equipment and the RAU. In RF site surveys, the effects of shadowing are partially
accounted for since it is characterized by relatively slow changes in power level.
Body Loss
This accounts for RF attenuation caused by the user’s head and body.
Minimum Received
Signal Level
This is also referred to as the “design goal”. The link budget says that you can achieve adequate coverage if the signal level is, on average, above this level over 95% of the area covered, for example.
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Link Budget Analysis
6.4.2
Narrowband Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell Application
Table 6-27
Line
Narrowband Link Budget Analysis: Downlink
Downlink
Transmitter
a.
BTS transmit power per carrier (dBm)
b.
Attenuation between BTS and Unison (dB)
c.
Power into Unison (dBm)
33
–23
10
d.
Unison gain (dB)
e.
Antenna gain (dBi)
f.
Radiated power per carrier (dBm)
13
Airlink
g.
Multipath fade margin (dB)
h.
Log-normal fade margin with 9 dB std. deviation, 95% area coverage,
87% edge coverage
i.
Body loss (dB)
j.
Airlink losses (not including facility path loss)
10
19
Receiver
k.
Thermal noise (dBm/30 kHz)
l.
Mobile noise figure (dB)
m.
Required C/I ratio (dB)
n.
Minimum received signal (dBm)
p.
Maximum path loss (dB)
–129
17
–105
+99
• c=a+b
• f=c+d+e
• j=g+h+i
• n=k+l+m
• k: in this example, k represents the thermal noise for a TDMA signal, which
has a bandwidth of 30 kHz
• p=f–j–n
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Link Budget Analysis
Table 6-28
Line
Narrowband Link Budget Analysis: Uplink
Uplink
Receiver
a.
BTS noise figure (dB)
b.
Attenuation between BTS and Unison (dB)
c.
Unison gain (dB)
–10
d.
Unison noise figure (dB) 1-4-32
e.
System noise figure (dB)
22.6
f.
Thermal noise (dBm/30 kHz)
–129
g.
Required C/I ratio (dB)
h.
Antenna gain (dBi)
i.
Receive sensitivity (dBm)
22
12
–97.4
Airlink
j.
Multipath fade margin (dB)
k.
Log-normal fade margin with 9 dB std. deviation, 95% area coverage,
87% edge coverage
l.
Body loss (dB)
m.
Airlink losses (not including facility path loss)
10
19
Transmitter
n.
p.
Mobile transmit power (dBm)
Maximum path loss (dB)
28
106.4
• e: enter the noise figure and gain of each system component (a, b, c, and d) into
the standard cascaded noise figure formula
Fsys = F1 +
F2 – 1
G1
F3 – 1
G1G2
+ ....
where
F = 10 (Noise Figure/10)
G = 10(Gain/10)
(See Rappaport, Theodore S. Wireless Communications, Principles, and Practice. Prentice Hall PTR, 1996.)
• i=f+e+g–h
• m=j+k+l
• p=n–m–i
Therefore, the system is downlink limited but the downlink and uplink are almost
balanced, which is a desirable condition.
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Link Budget Analysis
6.4.3
Elements of a Link Budget for CDMA Standards
A CDMA link budget is slightly more complicated because you must consider the
spread spectrum nature of CDMA. Unlike narrowband standards such as TDMA and
GSM, CDMA signals are spread over a relatively wide frequency band. Upon reception, the CDMA signal is de-spread. In the de-spreading process the power in the
received signal becomes concentrated into a narrow band, whereas the noise level
remains unchanged. Hence, the signal-to-noise ratio of the de-spread signal is higher
than that of the CDMA signal before de-spreading. This increase is called processing
gain. For IS-95 and J-STD-008, the processing gain is 21 dB or 19 dB depending on
the user data rate (9.6 Kbps for rate set 1 and 14.4 Kbps for rate set 2, respectively).
Because of the processing gain, a CDMA signal (comprising one Walsh code channel
within the composite CDMA signal) can be received at a lower level than that
required for narrowband signals. A reasonable level is –95 dBm, which results in
about –85 dBm composite as shown below.
An important issue to keep in mind is that the downlink CDMA signal is composed of
many orthogonal channels: pilot, paging, sync, and traffic. The composite power
level is the sum of the powers from the individual channels. Table 6-29 shows an
example.
Table 6-29
Distribution of Power within a CDMA Signal
Channel
Walsh Code Number
Pilot
Sync
Primary Paging
Traffic
Relative Power Level
20%
–7.0 dB
32
5%
–13.3 dB
19%
–7.3 dB
8–31, 33–63
9% (per traffic channel)
–10.3 dB
This table assumes that there are 15 active traffic channels operating with 50% voice
activity (so that the total power adds up to 100%). Notice that the pilot and sync channels together contribute about 25% of the power. When measuring the power in a
CDMA signal you must be aware that if only the pilot and sync channels are active,
the power level will be about 6 to 7 dB lower than the maximum power level you can
expect when all voice channels are active. The implication is that if only the pilot and
sync channels are active, and the maximum power per carrier table says that you
should not exceed 10 dBm for a CDMA signal, for example, then you should set the
attenuation between the base station and the Main Hub so that the Main Hub receives
3 dBm (assuming 0 dB system gain).
An additional consideration for CDMA systems is that the uplink and downlink paths
should be gain and noise balanced. This is required for proper operation of soft-handoff to the outdoor network as well as preventing excess interference that is caused by
mobiles on the indoor system transmitting at power levels that are not coordinated
with the outdoor mobiles. This balance is achieved if the power level transmitted by
the mobiles under close-loop power control is similar to the power level transmitted
under open-loop power control. The open-loop power control equation is
PTX + PRX = –73 dBm (for Cellular, IS-95)
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Link Budget Analysis
PTX + PRX = –76 dBm (for PCS, J-STD-008)
where PTX is the mobile’s transmitted power and PRX is the power received by the
mobile.
The power level transmitted under closed-loop power control is adjusted by the base
station to achieve a certain Eb/N0 (explained in Table 6-30 on page 6-30). The difference between these power levels, ΔP, can be estimated by comparing the power radiated from the RAU, Pdownink, to the minimum received signal, Puplink, at the RAU:
ΔP = Pdownink + Puplink + 73 dBm (for Cellular)
ΔP = Pdownink + Puplink + 76 dBm (for PCS)
It’s a good idea to keep –12 dB < ΔP < 12 dB.
Table 6-30 provides link budget considerations for CDMA systems.
Table 6-30
Additional Link Budget Considerations for CDMA
Consideration
Description
Power per carrier, downlink
This depends on how many channels are active. For example, the signal is about 7 dB lower if only the
pilot, sync, and paging channels are active compared to a fully-loaded CDMA signal. Furthermore, in the
CDMA forward link, voice channels are turned off when the user is not speaking. On average this is
assumed to be about 50% of the time. So, in the spreadsheet, both the power per Walsh code channel (representing how much signal a mobile will receive on the Walsh code that it is de-spreading) and the total
power are used.
The channel power is needed to determine the maximum path loss, and the total power is needed to determine how hard the Unison system is being driven.
The total power for a fully-loaded CDMA signal is given by (approximately):
total power = voice channel power + 13 dB + 10log10 (50%)
= voice channel power + 10 dB
Information Rate
This is simply
10log10(9.6 Kbps) = 40 dB for rate set 1
10log10(14.4 Kbps) = 42 dB for rate set 2
Process Gain
The process of de-spreading the desired signal boosts that signal relative to the noise and interference.
This gain needs to be included in the link budget. In the following formulas, PG = process gain:
PG = 10log10(1.25 MHz / 9.6 Kbps) = 21 dB rate set 1
PG = 10log10(1.25 MHz / 14.4 Kbps) = 19 dB rate set 2
Note that the process gain can also be expressed as 10log10 (CDMA bandwidth) minus the information
rate.
Eb/No
This is the energy-per-bit divided by the received noise and interference. It’s the CDMA equivalent of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). This figure depends on the mobile’s receiver and the multipath environment.
If the receiver noise figure is NF (dB), then the receive sensitivity (dBm) is given by:
Psensitivity = NF + Eb/No + thermal noise in a 1.25 MHz band – PG
= NF + Eb/No – 113 (dBm/1.25 MHz) – PG
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Link Budget Analysis
Table 6-30
Additional Link Budget Considerations for CDMA (continued)
Consideration
Description
Noise Rise
On the uplink, the noise floor is determined not only by the Unison system, but also by the number of
mobiles that are transmitting. This is because when the base station attempts to de-spread a particular
mobile’s signal, all other mobile signals appear to be noise. Because the noise floor rises as more mobiles
try to communicate with a base station, the more mobiles there are, the more power they have to transmit.
Hence, the noise floor rises rapidly:
noise rise = 10log10(1 / (1 – loading))
where loading is the number of users as a percentage of the theoretical maximum number of users.
Typically, a base station is set to limit the loading to 75%. This noise ratio must be included in the link
budget as a worst-case condition for uplink sensitivity. If there are less users than 75% of the maximum,
then the uplink coverage will be better than predicted.
Hand-off Gain
CDMA supports soft hand-off, a process by which the mobile communicates simultaneously with more
than one base station or more than one sector of a base station. Soft hand-off provides improved receive
sensitivity because there are two or more receivers or transmitters involved. A line for hand-off gain is
included in the CDMA link budgets worksheet although the gain is set to 0 dB because the in-building
system will probably be designed to limit soft-handoff.
Other CDMA Issues
• Never combine multiple sectors (more than one CDMA signal at the same frequency) into a Unison system. The combined CDMA signals will interfere with
each other.
• Try to minimize overlap between in-building coverage areas that utilize different
sectors, as well as in-building coverage and outdoor coverage areas. This is important because any area in which more than one dominant pilot signal (at the same
frequency) is measured by the mobile will result in soft-handoff. Soft-handoff
decreases the overall network capacity by allocating multiple channel resources to
a single mobile phone.
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Link Budget Analysis
6.4.4
CDMA Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell Application
Table 6-31
Line
CDMA Link Budget Analysis: Downlink
Downlink
Transmitter
a.
BTS transmit power per traffic channel (dBm)
30.0
b.
Voice activity factor
50%
c.
Composite power (dBm)
40.0
d.
Attenuation between BTS and Unison (dB)
–24
e.
Power per channel into Unison (dBm)
9.0
f.
Composite power into Unison (dBm)
16.0
g.
Unison gain (dB)
0.0
h.
Antenna gain (dBi)
i.
Radiated power per channel (dBm)
12.0
3.0
j.
Composite radiated power (dBm)
19.0
Airlink
k.
Handoff gain (dB)
0.0
l.
Multipath fade margin (dB)
6.0
m.
Log-normal fade margin with 9 dB std. deviation, 95% area coverage, 87% edge coverage
n.
Additional loss (dB)
0.0
o.
Body loss (dB)
3.0
p.
Airlink losses (not including facility path loss)
10.0
19.0
Receiver
q.
Mobile noise figure (dB)
7.0
r.
Thermal noise (dBm/Hz)
–174.0
s.
Receiver interference density (dBm/Hz)
–167.0
t.
Information ratio (dB/Hz)
u.
Required Eb/(No+lo)
v.
Minimum received signal (dBm)
w.
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CONFIDENTIAL
Maximum path loss (dB)
41.6
7.0
–118.4
+99.4
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Link Budget Analysis
• b and c: see notes in Table 6-30 regarding power per carrier, downlink
• e=a+d
• f=c+d
• i=e+g+h
• j=f+g+h
• p = –k + l + m + n + o
• s=q+r
• v=s+t+u
• w=j–p–v
• x = j (downlink) + m (uplink) + P
where
P = Ptx + Prx = –73 dB for Cellular
–76 dB for PCS
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Link Budget Analysis
Table 6-32
Line
CDMA Link Budget Analysis: Uplink
Uplink
Receiver
a.
BTS noise figure (dB)
3.0
b.
Attenuation between BTS and Unison (dB)
c.
Unison gain (dB)
–30.0
d.
Unison noise figure (dB)
22.0
e.
System noise figure (dB)
33.3
f.
Thermal noise (dBm/Hz)
–174.0
g.
Noise rise 75% loading (dB)
h.
Receiver interference density (dBm/Hz)
i.
Information rate (dB/Hz)
j.
Required Eb/(No+lo)
5.0
k.
Handoff gain (dB)
0.0
l.
Antenna gain (dBi)
m.
Minimum received signal (dBm)
0.0
6.0
–134.6
41.6
3.0
–91.1
Airlink
n.
Multipath fade margin (dB)
o.
Log-normal fade margin with 9 dB std. deviation, 95% area coverage, 87% edge coverage
p.
Additional loss (dB)
q.
Body loss (dB)
r.
Airlink losses (not including facility path loss)
6.0
10.0
0.0
3.0
19.0
Transmitter
s.
t.
6-34
CONFIDENTIAL
Mobile transmit power (dBm)
Maximum path loss (dB)
28.0
100.1
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Link Budget Analysis
• e: enter the noise figure and gain of each system component (a, b, c, and d) into
the standard cascaded noise figure formula
Fsys = F1 +
F2 – 1
G1
F3 – 1
G1G2
+ ....
where
F = 10 (Noise Figure/10)
G = 10(Gain/10)
(See Rappaport, Theodore S. Wireless Communications, Principles, and Practice. Prentice Hall PTR, 1996.)
• h=e+f+g
• m = h + i + j –k – l
• r=n+o+p+q
• t=s–r–m
6.4.5
Considerations for Re-Radiation (Over-the-Air) Systems
Unison can be used to extend the coverage of the outdoor network by connecting to a
roof-top donor antenna pointed toward an outdoor base station. Additional considerations for such an application of Unison are:
• Sizing the gain and output power requirements for a bi-directional amplifier
(repeater).
• Ensuring that noise radiated on the uplink from the in-building system does not
cause the outdoor base station to become desensitized to wireless handsets in the
outdoor network.
• Filtering out signals that lie in adjacent frequency bands. For instance, if you are
providing coverage for Cellular B-band operation it may be necessary to filter out
the A, A’ and A” bands which may contain strong signals from other outdoor base
stations.
Further information on these issues can be found in LGC Wireless’ application notes
for re-radiation applications.
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Optical Power Budget
6.5
Optical Power Budget
Unison uses SC/APC connectors. The connector losses associated with mating to
these connectors is accounted for in the design and should not be included as elements of the optical power budget. The reason is that when the optical power budget
is defined, measurements are taken with these connectors in place.
The Unison optical power budget for both multi-mode and single-mode fiber
cable is 3.0 dB (optical).
The maximum loss through the fiber can not exceed 3 dB (optical). The maximum
lengths of the fiber cable should not exceed 1.5 km (4,921 ft) for multi-mode and 6 km
(19,685 ft) for single-mode. Both the optical budget and the maximum cable length
must be taken into consideration when designing the system.
NOTE: It is critical to system performance that only SC/APC fiber connectors are
used throughout the fiber network, including fiber distribution panels.
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Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station
6.6
Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station
The first consideration when connecting Unison Main Hubs to a base station is to
ensure there is an equal amount of loss through cables, combiners, and so on from the
base station to the Main Hubs. For this example, assume that the base station will
have simplex connections, one uplink and one downlink. Each of these connections
needs to be divided to equilibrate power for each Main Hub. For example, two Main
Hubs require a 2×1 combiner/divider; four Main Hubs require a 4×1 combiner/divider; and so on.
Figure 6-2
Connecting Main Hubs to a Simplex Base Station
2 × 1 combiner/divider
Downlink/Forward
Main Hub 1
Base Station
Main Hub 2
Uplink/Reverse
When connecting a Unison Main Hub to a base station, also consider the following:
1.
The downlink power from the base station must be attenuated enough so that the
power radiated by the RAU does not exceed the maximum power per carrier listed
in Section 6.1, “Maximum Output Power Per Carrier at RAU,” on page 6-3.
2.
The uplink attenuation should be small enough that the sensitivity of the overall
system is limited by Unison, not by the attenuator. However, some base stations
trigger alarms if the noise or signal levels are too high. In this case the attenuation
has to be large enough to prevent this from happening.
NOTE: The UPLINK and DOWNLINK ports cannot handle a DC power
feed from the base station. If DC power is present, a DC block must be used
or the hub may be damaged.
If, in an area covered by Unison, a mobile phone indicates good signal strength but
consistently has difficulty completing calls, it is possible that the attenuation between
Unison and the base station needs to be adjusted. In other words, it is possible that if
the uplink is over-attenuated, the downlink power will provide good coverage, but the
uplink coverage distance will be small.
When there is an excessive amount of loss between the Main Hub uplink and the base
station, the uplink system gain can be increased to as much as 15 dB to prevent a
reduction in the overall system sensitivity.
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Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station
6.6.1
Attenuation
Figure 6-3 shows a typical setup wherein a duplex base station is connected to a Main
Hub. For a simplex base station, eliminate the circulator and connect the simplex
ports of the base station to the simplex ports of the Main Hub. Add attenuators to regulate the power appropriately.
Figure 6-3
Main Hub to Duplex Base Station or Repeater Connections
A1
Duplex
Base Station
or
Repeater
Forward
A3
A2
Main Hub
Reverse
• A typical circulator has an IP3 of +70dBm. If you drive the circulator too hard it produces
intermods bigger than the intermods produced by Unison. The IP3 at the Forward port input
of the Main Hub is approximately +38 dBm. The IP3 of the circulator at that same point (i.e.,
following attenuator A1) is +70dBm – A1. Thus, to keep the system IP3 from being
adversely affected by the circulator, attenuator A1 should be no more than approximately
+30 dB.
• A filter diplexer can be used in place of the circulator. The IP3 of the diplexer can be
assumed to be greater than +100 dBm. If a diplexer is used, A3 can be omitted.
• A1+A3 should be chosen so that the output power per carrier at the RAU’s output is correct
for the number of carriers being transmitted. Suppose the base station transmits 36 dBm
per carrier and it is desired that the RAU output be 6 dBm per carrier and the forward port
gain is 0 dB. Then A1+A3=30 dB.
• A2+A3 should, ideally, be at least 10 dB less than the noise figure plus the gain of the Unison system. For example, if the reverse port has a 0 dB gain and if there are 32 RAUs, the
noise figure is approximately 22 dB. So A2+A3 should be about 10 dB. If A2+A3 is too
large, the uplink coverage can be severely reduced.
• Given these three equations:
A1 < 30 dB
A1+A3 = 30 dB (in this example)
A2+A3 < 10 dB (in this example)
we could choose A1=20 dB, A2=0 dB, A3=10 dB
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Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station
6.6.2
Uplink Attenuation
The attenuation between the Main Hub’s uplink port and the base station does two
things:
• It attenuates the noise coming out of Unison.
• It attenuates the desired signals coming out of Unison.
Setting the attenuation on the uplink is a trade-off between keeping the noise and
maximum signal levels transmitted from Unison to the base station receiver low
while not reducing the SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) of the path from the RAU inputs to
the base station inputs. This SNR can not be better than the SNR of Unison by itself,
although it can be significantly worse.
For example, suppose we have a GSM Unison system consisting of one Main Hub,
four Expansion Hubs, and 32 RAUs (1-4-32) with uplink NF=22 dB. (Refer to
Table 6-30 on page 6-30.) If we use 30 dB of attenuation between the Main Hub’s
uplink port and the base station (which has its own noise figure of about 4 dB), the
overall noise figure is 34.3 dB (refer to the formula on page 6-28) which is 12.3 dB
worse than Unison by itself. That causes a 12.3 dB reduction in the uplink coverage
distance. If the attenuation is 10 dB instead, the cascaded noise figure is NF=22.6 dB,
which implies that the uplink sensitivity is limited by Unison, a desirable condition.
Rule of Thumb
A good rule of thumb is to set the uplink attenuation, A2+A3 in Figure 6-3 on
page 6-38, as follows:
A2+A3 ≈ Unison uplink NF + uplink gain (0 dB for reverse port) – BTS NF – 10dB
and round A2 down to the nearest convenient attenuation value.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
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Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station
6.6.2.1
Uplink Attenuation Exception: CDMA
In CDMA systems, the power transmitted by the mobile is determined by the characteristics of both the uplink and downlink paths. The power transmitted by the mobile
should be similar in open-loop control (as determined by the downlink path) as during closed-loop control (as determined by the uplink and downlink paths). In addition, the mobile’s transmit power when it communicates with a base station through
Unison should be similar to the power transmitted when it communicates with a base
station in the outdoor network (during soft hand-off). Because of these considerations, you should not allow the downlink and uplink gains to vary widely.
Open-loop power control:
PTX = –76 dBm (for PCS) – PRX
where PTX is the power transmitted and PRX is the power received by the mobile. If
PL is the path loss (in dB) between the RAU and the mobile, and PDL is the downlink
power radiated by the RAU, then
PTX = –76 dBm (for PCS) – PDL + PL
Closed-loop power control:
PTX = noise floor + uplink NF – process gain + Eb/No + PL
= –113 dBm/1.25 Mhz + NF – 19 dB + 7 dB + PL
where Eb/No = 7 dB is a rough estimate, and NF is the cascaded noise figure of the
Unison uplink, the uplink attenuation, and the base station noise figure. Equating PTX
for the open-loop and closed-loop we see that
NF = 49 – PDL
where PDL is determined by the downlink attenuation. Since PDL for Unison is about
10 dBm, the cascaded noise figure is about 39 dB, which is considerably higher than
that of Unison itself. This implies that we should use a fairly large attenuation on the
uplink. This case suggests using as much attenuation on the downlink as on the
uplink. The drawback is that the uplink coverage sensitivity is reduced. A link budget
analysis clarifies these issues. Typically, the uplink attenuation between the Main
Hub and the base station will be the same as, or maybe 10 dB less than, the downlink
attenuation.
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Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station
6.6.3
RAU Attenuation and ALC
The RAU attenuation and Automatic Level Control (ALC) are set using the OpsConsole or AdminManager Advanced RAU Settings command.
Embedded within the uplink RF front-end of each Unison Remote Access Unit is an
ALC circuit. This ALC circuit protects the Unison system from overload and excessive intermodulation products due to high-powered mobiles or other signal sources
that are within the supported frequency band and are in close proximity to the RAU.
The Unison uplink ALC circuit operates as a feedback loop. A power detector measures the level of the uplink RF input and if that level exceeds –30 dBm, an RF attenuator is activated. The level of attenuation is equal to the amount that the input
exceeds –30 dBm. The following sequence describes the operation of the ALC circuit, as illustrated in Figure 6-4.
1.
The RF signal level into the RAU rises above the activation threshold
(–30 dBm), causing the ALC loop to enter into the attack phase.
2.
During the attack phase, the ALC loop increases the attenuation (0 to 30 dB) until
the detector reading is reduced to the activation threshold. The duration of this
attack phase is called the attack time.
3.
After the attack time, the ALC loop enters the hold phase and maintains a fixed
attenuation so long as the high-level RF signal is present.
4.
The RF signal level drops below the release threshold (–45 dBm) and the ALC
loop enters the release phase.
5.
During the release phase, the ALC loop holds the attenuation for a fixed period
then quickly releases the attenuation.
An important feature of the ALC loop is that in Step 3, the attenuation is maintained
at a fixed level until the signal drops by a significant amount. This prevents the ALC
loop from tracking variations in the RF signal itself and distorting the waveform
modulation.
ALC Operation
Figure 6-4
Input Signal
Level
Activation
Level
-30dBm
Output Signal
Level
Release
Level
-45dBm
Attack
Phase
Hold
Phase
Release
Phase
Time
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
6-41
CONFIDENTIAL
Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station
6.6.3.1
Using the RAU 10 dB Attenuation Setting
Each RAU can, independently of the other RAUs in a system, have its uplink or
downlink gain attenuated by 10dB.1 This is accomplished by selecting the check
boxes in the Advanced RAU Settings dialog box. There are two check boxes: one for
setting the downlink attenuation and another for setting the uplink attenuation.
• Downlink Attenuation
The purpose of the downlink attenuator is to provide a mechanism to reduce the
signal strength from an RAU. For instance, this could be for an RAU located near
a window in a tall building that is causing excessive leakage to the macro-network.
In such a case it is important to attenuate the downlink only. The uplink should not
be attenuated. If the uplink is attenuated, the uplink sensitivity is reduced and
mobile phones in the area of that RAU will have to transmit at a higher power. This
would increase interference to the outdoor network from such mobiles.
• Uplink Attenuation
The purpose of the uplink attenuator is to attenuate environmental noise picked up
by an RAU located in an area where heavy electrical machinery is operating. In
such environments the electrical noise can be quite high and it is useful to reduce
the amount of such noise that gets propagated through the distributed antenna system. Attenuating the uplink of an RAU located in areas of high electrical noise
helps preserve the sensitivity of the rest of the system.
The effect of activating the uplink or downlink attenuators is to reduce the coverage
area of the adjusted RAU. The coverage radius will be reduced by roughly a factor of
2. More specifically, if d is the coverage distance without attenuation and d’ is the
coverage radius with the attenuation, then
= 1010 dB / PLS
d'
where PLS is the path loss slope.
1. With UMTS-2 RAU, a higher granularity of gain control is provided in 1dB increments, giving a better gain control and
fine-tuning capability.
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Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station
6.6.3.2
Using the Uplink ALC Setting
Uplink automatic level control (UL ALC) circuitry within the RAU provides automatic level control on high-power signals in the uplink path. This functionality is
required to prevent RF signal compression caused by a single or multiple wireless
devices that are in very close proximity to an RAU. Compression causes signal degradation and, ultimately, bit errors, and should be prevented. Two settings are available
to optimize UL ALC performance:
• Single Operator and Protocol: Use when only one operator and protocol is
on-the-air within the Unison system’s configured and adjacent frequency bands
(rarely used).
• Multiple Operators: Use when more than one operator and/or protocol is present
in the Unison system’s frequency or adjacent frequency bands (almost always
used).
Table 6-33 shows the frequency bands that are adjacent to the bands of which the system is configured.
Table 6-33
Frequency Bands Adjacent to System Configured Bands
System
Configuration
Adjacent Bands
iDEN
Cellular
Cellular
iDEN
PCS ADB
PCS E
PCS DBEF
PCS A, PCS C
PCS EFC
PCS B
PCS A4, A5, D, B, E
PCS A5, D, B, E, F
PCS D, B, E, F, C2
PCS B4, B5, E, F, C
A1
DCS 1
DCS 2, DCS 4
DCS 2
DCS 1, DCS 4
DCS4
DCS 1, DCS 2
UMTS 1
UMTS 2, UMTS 3
UMTS 2
UMTS 1, UMTS 3
UMTS 3
UMTS 1, UMTS 2
AWS1
AWS2
AWS2
AWS1
PS 700
iDEN
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
6-43
CONFIDENTIAL
Designing for a Neutral Host System
6.7
Designing for a Neutral Host System
Designing for a neutral host system uses the same design rules previously explained.
Since a neutral host system typically uses multiple systems in parallel with common
equipment locations, it is best to design according to the minimum among the systems’ RAU coverage distances so that there will not be holes in the coverage area,
and so that the economies of a single installation can be achieved. For example, as
indicated in Section 7.1, the 1900 MHz RF signals do not propagate throughout a
building as well as the 800 MHz signals. Therefore, we design using the 1900 MHz
radiated distance, calculated with the path loss slope formula.
The example neutral host system described below consists of one iDEN, one 800
MHz, and two 1900 MHz systems and can support up to seven separate service providers in the following manner:
• 1 on iDEN
• 2 on 800 MHz, A band and B band
• 2 in each of the two 1900 MHz frequency sub-bands
Example Unison Neutral Host System
The following example configuration was designed to provide:
• Similar coverage per band in an office environment that is 80% cubicles and
20% offices.
• Similar capacity.
• Support for up to 7 Operators, where equipment has been shared to minimize
the number of parallel systems.
Example Configuration:
• 800 MHz iDEN: 16 channels (3 dBm)
• 800 MHz Cellular (3 dBm)
TDMA Band: 14 channels (shared)
CDMA Band: 3 channels (shared)
• 1900 MHz PCS (6 dBm)
TDMA Band: 14 channels
CDMA Band: 3 channels (shared)
GSM Band: 6 channels (shared)
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Designing for a Neutral Host System
Similar coverage is achieved by setting the transmit power per carrier of the 800 MHz
systems to 3 dBm per carrier and those of the 1900 MHz systems to 6 dBm per carrier.
The numbers of RF carriers were selected in order to match subscriber capacity
approximately. Because each protocol in the example supports a different number of
voice channels, the RF carrier numbers also differ. As Table 6-34 indicates, the 800
MHz Cellular and shared 1900 MHz systems can support additional RF carriers without decreasing the power per carrier figures.
For logistical reasons, operators involved in a neutral host system sometimes prefer
not to share equipment with other operators. From technical and economic perspectives, too, this can be a prudent practice in medium to high-capacity installations.
Though deploying parallel systems appears to increase the amount of equipment
needed as well as the system cost, the trade-off between capacity and coverage must
be considered because, in short, as capacity increases, coverage area per RAU
decreases. Therefore, more RAUs (and perhaps Expansion Hubs and Main Hubs) are
needed to cover a given floor space.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960
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Designing for a Neutral Host System
Table 6-34 shows the capacities of both 800 and 1900 MHz Unison systems used for
single and multiple protocol applications. The power per carrier for each system is
based on providing equal coverage areas for both systems when they are used in an
office building that is 80% cubicles and 20% offices.
Table 6-34
Unison Capacity: Equal Coverage Areas
Operator #1
Protocol
RF
Chs
Voice Chs
Operator #2
Subscribers
Protocol
RF
Chs
Voice Chs
Subscribers
800 MHz Cellular A/B (Unison); 3 dBm power per carrier
TDMA only
35
104
1837
N/A
—
—
—
CDMA only
12
180–240
3327–4517
N/A
—
—
—
TDMA
15
44
694
CDMA
10
150–200
2736–3723
(combining with CDMA:
Operator #2)
20
59
974
(combining with TDMA:
Operator #1)
105–140
1856–2540
25
74
1259
60–80
993–1374
28
83
1431
30–40
439–620
N/A
—
—
—
800 MHz iDEN (Unison); 3 dBm power per carrier
iDEN only
16
47
749
1900 MHz PCS (Unison); 6 dBm power per carrier
TDMA only
14
41
638
N/A
—
—
—
CDMA only
10
150–200
2736–3723
N/A
—
—
—
GSM only
14
111
1973
N/A
—
—
—
TDMA
17
213
CDMA
60–80
993–1374
(combining with TDMA:
Operator #1)
45–60
712–993
(combining with CDMA:
Operator #2)
TDMA
(combining with GSM:
Operator #2)
CDMA
(combining with GSM:
Operator #2)
23
315
10
29
421
30–40
439–620
11
32
474
15–20
180–264
17
213
GSM
55
899
(combining with TDMA:
Operator #1)
39
602
23
315
10
29
421
23
315
11
32
474
15
180
30–40
439–620
GSM
10
79
1355
(combining with CDMA:
Operator #1)
55
899
60–80
993–1374
90–120
1566–2148
31
457
120–200
2148–2933
59
Note 1
The RF channel capacity limits are based on the Unison data sheets’ “typical” specifications for fiber length, Cat-5 length, and RF performance.
Note 2
The subscriber capacity limits are based on the Erlang B traffic model with a 2% GOS. Each user has a 50mErlangs, which is higher than
the standard 35mErlangs.
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Installing Unison
SECTION 7
7.1
Installation Requirements
Before and during installation, keep in mind the following sources of potential problems:
• Faulty cabling/connector
• Dirty connectors and ports
• Malfunction of one or more Unison components
• Antenna, base station, or repeater problem
• External RF interface
• Tripped circuit breaker
• Equipment is not grounded
• Using a Null modem cable that does not support full hardware handshaking when
using AdminManager
NOTE: Faulty cabling is the cause of a majority of problems. All Cat-5E/6 cable
should be tested to TIA/EIA 568-A specifications. The RAU will be damaged if the
cable is not wired correctly.
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
7-1
CONFIDENTIAL
Installation Requirements
7.1.1
Component Location Requirements
Unison components are intended to be installed in indoor locations only.
7.1.2
Cable and Connector Requirements
The Unison equipment operates over:
• Category 5E or 6 (Cat-5E/6) screened twisted pair (ScTP) cable with shielded
RJ-45 connectors
• Single-mode fiber (SMF) or multi-mode fiber (MMF) cable with SC/APC fiber
connectors throughout the fiber network, including fiber distribution panels
These cables are widely used industry standards for Local Area Networks (LANs).
The regulations and guidelines for Unison cable installation are identical to those
specified by the TIA/EIA 568-A standard and the TIA/EIA/IS-729 supplement for
LANs.
LGC Wireless recommends plenum-rated Cat-5E/6 ScTP and fiber cable and connectors for conformity to building codes and standards.
Belden 1533P DataTwist® Five ScTP cable, or equivalent is required for Cat-5E.
Comscope® 5ES4/5ENS4 may also be used for Cat-5E.
NOTE: In order to meet FCC and CE Mark emissions requirements, the Cat-5E/6
cable must be screened (ScTP) and it must be grounded using shielded RJ-45 connectors at both ends.
7.1.3
Multiple Operator System Recommendations
As in any Unison system, a multiple operator (neutral host) system requires one pair
of fiber strands between each Main Hub and each Expansion Hub, and one Cat-5E/6
cable between each Expansion Hub and each RAU. In situations where Hubs and/or
RAUs will be installed in the future to support the addition of frequency bands and/or
wireless Operators, it is advantageous to install the necessary cabling initially. Such
deployment typically leads to substantial cost savings over installing parallel cabling
at separate times.
7.1.4
Distance Requirements
Table 7-1 shows the distances between Unison components and related equipment.
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Installation Requirements
Table 7-1
Unison Distance Requirements
Equipment
Combination
Cable Type
Distance
Additional Information
Repeater to Main
Hub
Coaxial; N male
connectors
3–6 m (10–20 ft) typical
Limited by loss and noise.
Base Station to Main
Hub
Coaxial; N male
connectors
Refer to your link budget
calculation.
10 m (33 ft) maximum
Limited by CE Mark requirements.
3–6 m (10–20 ft) typical
Limited by loss and noise.
Refer to your link budget
calculation.
10 m (33 ft) maximum
Limited by CE Mark requirements.
Main Hub to
Expansion Hub
Multi-mode Fiber:
Single-mode Fiber:
SC/APC male
connectors
1.5 km (4,921 ft) max.
6 km (19,685 ft) max.
Limited by 3 dB optical loss.
Expansion Hub to
RAU
Cat-5E/6 ScTP;
shielded RJ-45 male
connectors
• Minimum: 10 meters (33 ft)
• Recommended Max.: 100 meters (328 ft)
See Section 7.4.5 if using a Cat-5 Extender
Refer to “System Gain (Loss)
Relative to ScTP Cable
Length” on page 6-23.
RAU to passive
antenna
Coaxial; SMA male
connectors
1–3.5 m (3–12 ft) typical
Limited by loss and noise.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
Refer to your link budget
calculation.
7-3
CONFIDENTIAL
Safety Precautions
7.2
7.2.1
Safety Precautions
Installation Guidelines
Use the following guidelines when installing LGC Wireless equipment:
• Provide sufficient airflow and cooling to the equipment to prevent heat build-up
from exceeding the maximum ambient air temperature specification. Do not compromise the amount of airflow required for safe operation of the equipment.
• If you are removing the system, turn it off and remove the power cord first. There
are no user-serviceable parts inside the components.
• The internal power supply has internal fuses that are not user replaceable. Consider
the worst-case power consumption shown on the product labels when provisioning
the equipment’s AC power source and distribution.
7.2.2
General Safety Precautions
The following precautions apply to LGC Wireless products:
• The units have no user-serviceable parts. Faulty or failed units are fully replaceable
through LGC Wireless. Please contact LGC Wireless at:
1-800-530-9960 (U.S. only)
+1-408-952-2400 (International)
• Although modeled after an Ethernet/LAN architecture and connectivity, the units
are not intended to connect to Ethernet data hubs, routers, cards, or other similar
data equipment.
• When you connect the fiber optic cable, take the same precaution as if installing
Ethernet network equipment. All optical fiber SC/APC connectors should be
cleaned according to the cable manufacturer’s instructions.
• When you connect a radiating antenna to an RAU, firmly hand-tighten the SMA
female connector – DO NOT over-tighten the connector.
WARNING: To reduce the risk of fire or electric shock, do not
expose this equipment to rain or moisture. The components are
intended for indoor use only. Do not install the RAU outdoors. Do not
connect an RAU to an antenna that is located outside where it could
be subject to lightning strikes, power crosses, or wind.
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Safety Precautions
7.2.3
Fiber Port Safety Precautions
The following are suggested safety precautions for working with fiber ports. For
information about system compliance with safety standards, refer to Appendix B.
WARNING: Observe the following warning about viewing fiber
ends in ports. Do not stare with unprotected eyes at the connector
ends of the fibers or the ports of the hubs. Invisible infrared radiation is present at the front panel of the Main Hub and the Expansion
Hub. Do not remove the fiber port dust caps unless the port is going
to be used. Do not stare directly into a fiber port.
• Test fiber cables: When you test fiber optic cables, connect the optical power
source last and disconnect it first. Use Class 1 test equipment.
• Fiber ends: Cover any unconnected fiber ends with an approved cap. Do not use
tape.
• Broken fiber cables: Do not stare with unprotected eyes at any broken ends of the
fibers. Laser light emitted from fiber sources can cause eye injury. Avoid contact
with broken fibers; they are sharp and can pierce the skin. Report any broken fiber
cables and have them replaced.
• Cleaning: Be sure the connectors are clean and free of dust or oils. Use only
approved methods for cleaning optical fiber connectors.
• Modifications: Do not make any unauthorized modifications to this fiber optic
system or associated equipment.
• Live work: Live work is permitted because LGC Wireless equipment is a Class 1
hazard.
• Signs: No warning signs are required.
• Class 1 laser product: The system meets the criteria for a Class 1 laser product
per IEC 60825-1:1998-01 and IEC 60825-2:2000-05.
CLASS 1
This label appears on the front panel of the
Main Hub and the Expansion Hub.
LASER PRODUCT
In addition, it is certified by the FDA to meet 21CFR, Chapter 1, Subchapter J.
This example label
appears on the bottom
of the Main Hub and a
similar one appears
on the bottom of the
Expansion Hub
• CAUTION: Use of controls or adjustments or performance of procedures other
than those specified herein may result in hazardous radiation exposure.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
7-5
CONFIDENTIAL
Preparing for System Installation
7.3
7.3.1
Preparing for System Installation
Pre-Installation Inspection
Follow this procedure before installing Unison equipment:
7.3.2
1.
Verify the number of packages received against the packing list.
2.
Check all packages for external damage; report any external damage to the shipping carrier. If there is damage, a shipping agent should be present before you
unpack and inspect the contents because damage caused during transit is the
responsibility of the shipping agent.
3.
Open and check each package against the packing slip. If any items are missing,
contact LGC Wireless customer service.
4.
If damage is discovered at the time of installation, contact the shipping agent.
Installation Checklist
Table 7-2
Installation Checklist
Installation Requirement
Consideration
Floor Plans
Installation location of equipment clearly marked
System Design
Used to verify frequency bands after installation
Power available**:
Main Hub (AC)
Expansion Hub (AC)
To RAU (DC)
Power cord is 2 m (6.5 ft) long**.
Rating: 100–240V, 0.5A, 50–60 Hz
Rating: 115/230V, 5/2.5A, 50–60 Hz
36V (from the Expansion Hub)
Rack space available:
Main Hub
Expansion Hub
44 mm (1.75 in.) high (1U)
89 mm (3.5 in.) high (2U)
Clearance for air circulation:
Main and Expansion Hubs
RAU
76 mm (3 in.) front and rear, 51 mm (2 in.) sides
76 mm (3 in.) all around
Suitable operating environment**:
Main and Expansion Hubs
RAUs
Indoor location only
0° to +45°C (+32° to +113°F)
5% to 95% non-condensing humidity
–25° to +45°C (–13° to +113°F)
5% to 95% non-condensing humidity
Donor Antenna-to-Unison Configuration
Donor Antenna
Installed, inspected; N-male to N-male coaxial cable to lightning arrestor/surge
suppressor
Lightning Arrestor or
Surge Suppressor
Installed between roof-top antenna and repeater; N-male to N-male coaxial cable
Repeater
Installed between lightning arrestor/surge suppressor and Main Hub; N-male to
N-male coaxial cable
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Preparing for System Installation
Table 7-2
Installation Checklist (continued)
Installation Requirement
Consideration
Attenuator
Installed between the circulator and the Main Hub downlink port to prevent
overload. Optionally, it may be installed between the uplink port and the circulator
Circulator or Duplexer
Installed between the repeater and the Main Hub uplink and downlink ports
Base Station-to-Unison Configuration
Base Station
Verify RF power (refer to the tables in Section 6.1 on page 6-3); N-male to
N-male coaxial cable; installed, inspected
Attenuator
Attenuation may be required to achieve the desired RF output at the RAU and
the desired uplink noise floor level
Circulator or Duplexer
When using a duplex BTS: Installed between the BTS and the Main Hub uplink
and downlink ports. Not used with a simplex BTS
** For Japan, see separate addendum - Japan Specification Document - for power cord use.
Connecting LGCell Main Hub(s) to a Unison Main Hub
5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable
(PN 4024-3)
For normally closed (NC) contact alarm monitoring: connecting 2 to 21 LGCell
Main Hubs to a Unison Main Hub
If connecting LGCell to Unison, the Alarm Sense Adapter Cable is required to
connect the daisy-chain cable to Unison
Do not combine LGCell Main Hubs with Unison Main Hubs in the same daisy
chain
Alarm Sense Adapter Cable
(PN 4024-3)
Use with 5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable to connect up to 21 LGCell Main
Hubs to a Unison Main Hub
Also, use this cable to connect a single LGCell Main Hub to a Unison Main Hub
Connecting Multiple Unison Main Hubs Together
5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable
(PN 4024-3)
For normally closed (NC) contact alarm monitoring of fault and warning alarms.
Use to feed the alarms from multiple Unison Main Hubs into a BTS or
MetroReach Focus
Do not combine Unison Main Hubs with LGCell Main Hubs in the same chain.
Cabling
Coaxial: repeater or base station to
Main Hub
Coax approved; N-type male connectors
Coaxial: RAU to passive antennas
Use low-loss cable; SMA male connector; typical 1 m (3.3 ft) using RG142
coaxial cable
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
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Preparing for System Installation
Table 7-2
Installation Checklist (continued)
Installation Requirement
Consideration
Fiber: Main Hub to Expansion Hubs
SC/APC (angle-polished) male connectors for entire fiber run (can use SC/APC
pigtails, PN 4012SCAPC-10 for MMF or 4013SCAPC-10 for SMF);
Use jumper fiber cables for collocated Main and Expansion Hubs (3 m/10 ft):
Multi-mode: PN 4010SCAPC-10
Single-mode: PN: 4018SCAPC-10
Distance limited by optical loss of 3 dB:
Multi-mode: up to 1.5 km (4,921 ft);
Single-mode: up to 6 km (19,685 ft)
Cat-5E/6 ScTP:
TIA/EIA 568-A approved; shielded RJ-45 male connectors. ScTP cable must be
screened and it must be grounded at both connector ends
Tie-off cables to avoid damaging the connectors because of cable strain
Expansion Hub to RAUs
Cat-5E/6 ScTP: Expansion Hub
to Cat-5 Extender to RAU**
• Minimum: 10 meters (33 ft)
• Recommended Maximum: 100 meters (328 ft)
Minimum Cat-5E/6
Cable Length from
Expansion Hub to
Extender
Minimum Cat-5E/6
Cable Length from
Extender to RAU
Maximum Total
Cat-5E/6 Cable Length
from Expansion Hub
to RAU
90 meters
20 meters
110 to 170 meters
295 feet
65 feet
360 to 557 feet
** For Japan, see separate addendum - Japan Specification Document.
Configuring System
PC/laptop running AdminManager
software
Refer to the AdminManager User Manual (PN 8810-10)
Miscellaneous
Null modem cable
Female connectors; Main Hub to a PC/laptop that is running the AdminManager
software; local connection
Straight-through cable
Female/male connectors; Main Hub to a modem; remote connection
Cat-5 Extender
Used if Cat-5E/6 run(s) will exceed 100 meters
Dual-Band Diplexer
Used in dual band systems to combine the output of a low-band RAU and a
high-band RAU to a single dual band antenna
Distances
Main Hub is within 3–6m (10–20 ft)
of connecting repeater
Main Hub is within 3–6m (10–20 ft)
of connecting base station
If longer distance, determine the loss of the cable used for this connection and
adjust the RF signal into the Main Hub accordingly. This can be done by readjusting the power from the base station, or by changing the attenuation value
between the base station/repeater and the Main Hub
Main Hub is within correct distance of Expansion Hub(s);
SMF and MMF optical link budget: 3 dB
7-8
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D-620003-0-20 Rev K
Preparing for System Installation
7.3.3
Tools and Materials Required
Table 7-3
Tools and Materials Required for Component Installation
Description
Cable ties
Phillips screwdriver
7-inch lb. torch wrench
Mounting screws and spring nuts
Fiber cleaning supplies: compressed air; isopropyl alcohol; lint-free cloths;
2.5mm lint-free, foam tipped swabs;
Compressed air
Screws, anchors (for mounting RAUs)
Drill
Fiber connector cleaning kit
Fusion splicer
Splicing tool kit (including: snips, cladding strippers, fiber cleaver, isopropyl alcohol,
lint-free wipes)
Fusion splicing sleeves
7.3.4
Optional Accessories
Table 7-4
Optional Accessories for Component Installation
Description
Wall-mount equipment rack(s) (PN 4712)
Note that if using this rack with an Expansion Hub, the Hub’s mounting bracket must
be moved to the center mounting position.
Cable management (Cable manager: PN 4759; Tie wrap bar: PN 4757)
Splice trays
Pigtails with SC/APC connectors, 3 m (10 ft):
Multi-mode Fiber SC/APC Pigtail (PN 4012SCAPC-10)
Single-mode Fiber SC/APC Pigtail (PN 4013SCAPC-10)
Jumper cable when Main and Expansion Hubs are collocated, 3 m (10 ft):
Single-mode Fiber SC/APC (PN 4018SCAPC-10)
Teltone Line Sharing Switch (M-394-B-01)
When using a single POTS line with multiple Main Hub/Modems: Connect up to four
modems to a line sharing switch; can cascade switches to accommodate up to 16
modems per POTS line
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
7-9
CONFIDENTIAL
Preparing for System Installation
Table 7-4
Optional Accessories for Component Installation (continued)
Description
Alarm Cables:
5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable (PN 4024-3)
Alarm Sense Adapter Cable (PN 4025-1)
RAU Dust Cover (PN UNS-1RDP-1)
7-10
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Unison Component Installation Procedures
7.4
Unison Component Installation Procedures
The following procedures assume that the system is new from the factory.
If you are replacing components in a pre-installed system with either new units or
units that may already be programmed (that is, re-using units from another system),
refer to Section 8.
• Installing a Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-13
• Installing a Main Hub in a Rack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-13
• Installing an Optional Cable Manager in the Rack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-13
• Connecting the Fiber Cables to the Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-14
• Installing Expansion Hubs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-18
• Installing an Expansion Hub in a Rack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-18
• Installing an Expansion Hub in a Wall-Mounted Rack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-18
• Installing an Optional Cable Manager in the Rack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-19
• Powering On the Expansion Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-19
• Connecting the Fiber Cables to the Expansion Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-20
• Connecting the ScTP Cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-21
• Troubleshooting Expansion Hub LEDs During Installation . . . . . . . . . . . 7-22
• Installing RAUs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-23
• Installing RAUs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-23
• Installing Passive Antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-23
• Connecting the Antenna to the RAU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-25
• Connecting the ScTP Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-25
• Troubleshooting RAU LEDs During Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-26
• Installing RAUs in a Dual Band System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-27
• Connecting the Antenna to the Dual Band Diplexer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-29
• Configuring the System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-30
• Configuring the Installed System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-31
The following procedure is for splicing pigtails to fiber cable.
• Splicing Fiber Optic Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-33
• Fusion Splicing of Fiber and Pigtail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-33
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D-620003-0-20 Rev K
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Unison Component Installation Procedures
The following procedures assume that the system is installed and programmed.
• Interfacing a Main Hub to a Base Station or a Roof-top Antenna . . . . . . . . . . 7-35
• Connecting a Main Hub to an In-Building Base Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-35
• Connecting a Main Hub to Multiple Base Stations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-37
• Connecting a Main Hub to a Roof-top Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-37
• Connecting Multiple Main Hubs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-38
• Connecting Multiple Main Hubs to a Simplex Repeater or Base Station . 7-38
• Connecting Multiple Main Hubs to a Duplex Repeater or Base Station . . 7-40
• Connecting Contact Alarms to a Unison System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-42
• Alarm Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-43
• Alarm Sense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-46
• Alarm Cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-49
• Alarm Monitoring Connectivity Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-51
• Direct Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-51
• Modem Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-52
• RS-232 Port Expander Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-53
• POTS Line Sharing Switch Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-54
• Ethernet and ENET/RS-232 Serial Hub Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-55
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Unison Component Installation Procedures
7.4.1
Installing a Main Hub
CAUTION: Install Main Hubs in indoor locations only.
Installing a Main Hub in a Rack
Install the Main Hub (1U high) in a standard 19 in. (483 mm) equipment rack. Allow
clearance of 76 mm (3 in.) front and rear, and 51 mm (2 in.) on both sides for air circulation. No top and bottom clearance is required.
Consideration:
• The Main Hub is shipped with #10-32 mounting screws. Another common rack
thread is #12-24. Confirm that the mounting screws match the rack’s threads.
To install the hub in a rack:
1.
Insert spring nuts into the rack where needed or use existing threaded holes.
2.
Place the Main Hub into the rack from the front.
3.
Align the flange holes with the spring nuts installed in Step 1.
4.
Insert the mounting screws in the appropriate positions in the rack.
5.
Tighten the mounting screws.
Rack-mounting Option
You can flip the rack mounting brackets, as shown in Figure 7-1, so the hub can be
mounted 76 mm (3 in.) forward in the rack.
Figure 7-1
Mounting Bracket Detail
Installing an Optional Cable Manager in the Rack
• Using the screws provided, fasten the cable manager to the rack, immediately
above or below the Main Hub.
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Unison Component Installation Procedures
Connecting the Fiber Cables to the Main Hub
Considerations:
• Before connecting the fiber cables, confirm that their optical loss does not exceed
the 3 dB optical budget.
• If you are using fiber distribution panels, confirm that the total optical loss of fiber
cable, from the Main Hub through distribution panels and patch cords to the
Expansion Hub, does not exceed the optical budget.
• Make sure the fiber cable’s connectors are SC/APC (angle-polished). Using any
other connector type will result in degraded system performance and may damage
the equipment. (You can use an SC/APC pigtail if the fiber cable’s connectors are
not SC/APC. Refer to“Fusion Splicing of Fiber and Pigtail” on page 7-33. Or, you
can change the fiber’s connector to SC/APC.)
NOTE: Observe all Fiber Port Safety Precautions listed in Section 7.2.3 on page 7-5.
To clean the fiber ports:
You can clean the Hub’s fiber ports using canned compressed air or isopropyl alcohol
and foam tipped swabs.
Considerations:
• If using compressed air:
• The air must be free of dust, water, and oil.
• Hold the can level during use.
• If using isopropyl alcohol and foam tipped swabs:
• Use only 98% pure or more alcohol
Procedure using compressed air:
1.
Remove the port’s dust cap.
2.
Spray the compressed air away from the unit for a few seconds to clean out the
nozzle and then blow dust particles out of each fiber port.
Procedure using isopropyl alcohol:
1.
Remove the connector’s dust cap.
2.
Dip a 2.5mm lint-free, foam-tipped swab in isopropyl alcohol and slowly insert
the tip into the connector.
3.
Gently twist the swab to clean the port.
4.
Insert a dry swab into the port to dry it.
Additionally, you can use compressed air after the alcohol has completely evaporated.
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Unison Component Installation Procedures
To clean the fiber ends:
Be sure that the fiber cable’s SC/APC connectors are clean and free of dust and oils.
You need lint-free cloths, isopropyl alcohol, and compressed air
1.
Moisten a lint-free cloth with isopropyl alcohol.
2.
Gently wipe the fiber end with the moistened cloth.
3.
Using a dry lint-free cloth, gently wipe the fiber end.
4.
Spray the compressed air away from the connector for a few seconds to clean out
the nozzle and then use it to completely dry the connector.
To test the fiber cables:
Perform cable testing and record the results. Test results are required for the final
As-Built Document.
To connect the fiber cables:
The fiber cable is labeled with either 1 or 2, or is color-coded. In addition to these
labels, you should add a code that identifies which port on the Main Hub is being
used and which Expansion Hub the cables are intended for. This differentiates the
connectors for proper connection between the Main Hub and Expansion Hubs.
For example:
First pair to Main Hub port 1: 11 (uplink), 12 (downlink);
Second pair to Main Hub port 2: 21 (uplink), 22 (downlink);
Third pair to Main Hub port 3: 31 (uplink), 32 (downlink); and so on.
If the fiber jumper is labeled with 1 or 2:
1.
Connect 1s to UPLINK ports on the Main Hub.
2.
Connect 2s to DOWNLINK ports on the Main Hub.
3.
Record which cable number and port number you connected to UPLINK and
DOWNLINK.
This information is needed when connecting the other end of the fiber cable to the
Expansion Hub’s fiber ports.
The fiber port LEDs should be off, indicating that the Expansion Hub(s) are not
connected.
If the fiber jumper is color-coded (for example, “blue” or “red”):
1.
Connect “blue” to UPLINK ports on the Main Hub.
2.
Connect “red” to DOWNLINK ports on the Main Hub.
3.
Record which color and port number you connected to UPLINK and DOWNLINK.
This information is needed when connecting the other end of the fiber cable to the
Expansion Hub’s fiber ports.
The fiber port LEDs should be off, indicating that the Expansion Hub(s) are not
connected.
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D-620003-0-20 Rev K
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Unison Component Installation Procedures
Powering On the Main Hub
1.
Connect the AC power cord to the Main Hub.
2.
Plug the power cord into an AC power outlet.
3.
Turn on the power to the Main Hub and check that all the LED lamps are functioning properly.
Upon power-up, the LEDs blinks for five seconds as a visual check that they are
functioning. After the five-second test:
LED states during power on will vary, depending on whether Expansion Hubs are
connected. Refer to Table 7-5 for possible combinations.
Table 7-5
During
Installation
Power On
1.
Main Hub
power is
On with no
Expansion
Hubs connected.
LED
State
Action
Impact
POWER
Off
Check AC power; check that the Main Hub power-on
switch is on; replace the Main Hub
The Main Hub is not
powering on.
POWER
Red
Replace the Main Hub
The power supply is
out-of-specification.
LINK
LEDs are on
but they
didn’t blink
through all
states
Replace the Main Hub.
The micro controller is
not resetting properly;
flash memory corrupted.
LINK
Red
E-HUB/RAU
Off
The port is unusable; replace the Main Hub when
possible.
Fiber sensor fault, do
not use the port.
E-HUB/RAU
7-16
CONFIDENTIAL
Troubleshooting Main Hub LEDs During Installation
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
Unison Component Installation Procedures
Table 7-5
During
Installation
Power On
2.
Main Hub
power is
On with
Expansion
Hubs connected and
powered
on.
Troubleshooting Main Hub LEDs During Installation (continued)
LED
State
Action
Impact
LINK
Off
E-HUB/RAU
Off
• If the port LEDs do not illuminate, check the fiber
uplink for excessive optical loss.
• If Expansion Hub’s DL STATUS LED is red:
• Verify that the fiber is connected to the correct
port (that is, uplink/downlink)
• Swap the uplink and downlink cables.
• Connect the fiber pair to another port. If the second port’s LEDs do not illuminate Green/Red,
replace the Main Hub.
• If the second port works, flag the first port as
unusable; replace the Main Hub when possible.
No uplink optical
power, the Expansion
Hub is not recognized
as being present.
• If the Expansion Hub DL STATUS LED is red,
check the downlink fiber cable for excessive optical loss.
• Connect the fiber pair to another port. If the second port’s LEDs do not illuminate Green/Red,
replace the Main Hub.
• If the second port works, flag the first port as
unusable; replace the Main Hub when possible.
No communication
with the Expansion
Hub.
The Expansion Hub or
one or more RAUs are
off-line.
LINK
Red
E-HUB/RAU
Off
LINK
Green
The Expansion Hub or connected RAU reports a fault
E-HUB/RAU
Red
Use AdminManager to determine the problem.
7.4.1.1
No communication
with the Expansion
Hub.
Installing Main Hubs in a Multiple Operator System
Installing Main Hubs in a multiple operator system is the same as described in
Section 7.4.1 on page 7-13.
We recommend mounting all multiple operator system Main Hubs in the same
rack(s), grouped by frequency or wireless carrier. For example, group the Main Hubs
for the 800 MHz cellular bands together, and so on.
Connecting to base stations and repeaters is the same as described in Section 7.6 on
page 7-35 and Section 7.6.1 on page 7-38.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960
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Unison Component Installation Procedures
7.4.2
Installing Expansion Hubs
The Expansion Hub (2U high) can be installed in a standard 19 in. (483 mm) equipment rack or in a wall-mountable equipment rack that is available from LGC Wireless. Allow a clearance of 76 mm (3 in.) front and rear and 51 mm (2 in.) sides for air
circulation. No top and bottom clearance is required.
Install the Expansion Hub in a horizontal position only.
CAUTION: Install Expansion Hubs in indoor locations only.
Installing an Expansion Hub in a Rack
Consideration:
• The Expansion Hub is shipped with #10-32 mounting screws. Another common
rack thread is #12-24. Confirm that the mounting screws match the rack’s threads.
• If you want to move the mounting brackets to a mid-mounting position, refer to
Installing an Expansion Hub in a Wall-Mounted Rack on page 7-18.
To install the hub in a rack:
1.
Insert spring nuts into the rack where needed or use existing threaded holes.
2.
Place the Expansion Hub into the rack from the front.
3.
Align the flange holes with the spring nuts installed in Step 1.
4.
Insert the mounting screws in the appropriate positions in the rack.
5.
Tighten the mounting screws.
Installing an Expansion Hub in a Wall-Mounted Rack
Considerations:
• The rack and the Expansion Hub are both 305 mm (12 in.) deep. You must move
the rack mounting brackets on the Expansion Hub to the center mounting position
to allow for the 76 mm (3 in.) rear clearance that is required.
• The maximum weight the rack can hold is 22.5 kg (50 lbs).
To install the hub in a wall-mounted rack:
1.
Attach the equipment rack to the wall using the screws that are provided.
The rack must be positioned so that the Expansion Hub will be in a horizontal
position when it is installed.
2.
7-18
CONFIDENTIAL
Remove both of the rack mounting brackets from the hub.
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
Unison Component Installation Procedures
3.
Reattach each of the rack mounting brackets to the opposite side of the hub from
which it came.
Refer to Figure 7-2 for bracket placement.
Figure 7-2
Mounting Bracket Installation
Right Rack Mounting Bracket as
installed from the factory.
Left Rack Mounting Bracket installed on
the right side of the hub.
3.5''
3.5''
3''
4.
3''
Attach the Expansion Hub to the rack.
NOTE: Leave the dust caps on the fiber ports until you are ready to connect the fiber
optic cables.
Installing an Optional Cable Manager in the Rack
• Using the screws provided, fasten the cable manager to the rack, immediately
above or below the Expansion Hub.
Powering On the Expansion Hub
1.
Connect the AC power cord to the Expansion Hub.
2.
Plug the power cord into an AC power outlet.
3.
Turn on the power to the Expansion Hub and check that all the LED lamps are
functioning properly.
Upon power-up, the LEDs blinks for five seconds as a visual check that they are
functioning. After the five-second test:
• The POWER and UL STATUS LEDs should be green.
– If the uplink fiber is not connected within 90 seconds after the test, the
UL STATUS LED will turn red indicating that there is no communication with
the Main Hub.
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Unison Component Installation Procedures
• The E-HUB STATUS and DL STATUS LEDs should be red.
• All port LEDs should be off because no RAUs are connected yet.
Connecting the Fiber Cables to the Expansion Hub
Considerations:
• Before connecting the fiber cables, confirm that their optical loss does not exceed
3 dB optical budget. RL is less than -60dB.
• If fiber distribution panels are used, confirm that the total optical loss of fiber
cable, from the Main Hub through distribution panels and patch cords to the
Expansion Hub, does not exceed the optical budget.
• Make sure the fiber cable’s connectors are SC/APC (angle-polished).Using any
other connector type will result in degraded system performance and may damage
the equipment. (You can use an SC/APC pigtail if the fiber cable’s connectors are
not SC/APC, refer to “Fusion Splicing of Fiber and Pigtail” on page 7-33, or
replace the connectors.)
NOTE: Observe all Fiber Port Safety Precautions listed in Section 7.2.3 on page 7-5.
To connect the fiber cables:
The fiber cable is labeled with either 1 or 2, or is color-coded. For proper connection
between the Main Hub ports and the Expansion Hub ports, refer to the numbering or
color-coded connections you recorded when installing the Expansion Hub(s).
If the fiber jumper is labeled with 1 or 2:
1.
Connect 1 to DOWNLINK on Expansion Hub.
The DL STATUS LED should turn green as soon as you connect the fiber. If it does
not, there is a downlink problem. Make sure you are connecting the correct cable
to the port.
2.
Connect 2 to UPLINK on Expansion Hub.
The UL STATUS LED turns green on the first Main Hub communication. It may
take up to 20 seconds to establish communication.
The Expansion Hub’s E-HUB STATUS LED turns green when the Main Hub sends
it the frequency band command.
If the UL STATUS and E-HUB STATUS LEDs do not turn green/green, check the
Main Hub LEDs. Refer to page 7-16, item 2 in Table 7-5.
If the fiber jumper is color-coded (for example, “blue” or “red”):
1.
Connect “blue” to DOWNLINK on Expansion Hub.
The DL STATUS LED should turn green as soon as you connect the fiber. If it does
not, there is a downlink problem. Make sure you are connecting the correct cable
to the port.
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Unison Component Installation Procedures
2.
Connect “red” to UPLINK on Expansion Hub.
The UL STATUS LED turns green on the first Main Hub communication. It may
take up to 20 seconds to establish communication.
The Expansion Hub’s E-HUB STATUS LED turns green when the Main Hub sends
it the frequency band command.
If the UL STATUS and E-HUB STATUS LEDs do not turn green/green, check the
Main Hub LEDs. See page 7-16, item 2 in Table 7-5.
Connecting the ScTP Cables
Consideration:
• Verify that the cable has been tested and the test results are recorded.
To test and connect the ScTP cable:
1.
Perform cable testing.
Test results are required for the final As-Built Document.
Cable length:
– Minimum: 10 m (33 ft)
– Recommended Maximum: 100 m (328 ft)
– Absolute Maximum: 150 m (492 ft)
If you are using a Cat-5 Extender, the cable length maximum is 170 m (557 feet).
(Refer to Section 7.4.5 on page 7-29.)
2.
Label both ends of each cable with which RJ-45 port you’re using.
3.
Connect the ScTP cables to any available RJ-45 port on the Expansion Hub.
The LINK and RAU LEDs should be off because the RAU is not connected.
4.
Record which cable you are connecting to which port.
This information is required for the As-Built Document.
5.
Tie-off cables or use the optional cable manager to avoid damaging the connectors
because of cable strain.
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D-620003-0-20 Rev K
7-21
CONFIDENTIAL
Unison Component Installation Procedures
7.4.2.1
Troubleshooting Expansion Hub LEDs During Installation
• All Expansion Hub LINK and E-HUB/RAU LEDs with RAUs connected should indicate Green/Red. This indicates that the RAU is powered on and communication
has been established.
• The Expansion Hub UL STATUS LED should be Green.
Table 7-6
Troubleshooting Expansion Hub LEDs During Installation
During
Installation
LED
State
Action
Impact
1. Expansion
POWER
Off
Check AC power; make sure the
Expansion Hub power-on switch
is on; replace the Expansion Hub.
The Expansion Hub is not
powering on.
LINK
LEDs are on but
didn’t blink through
all states.
Replace the Expansion Hub.
RAU
The Microcontroller is not
resetting properly; flash
memory corrupted.
LINK
Red
RAU
Off
Port unusable; replace the Expansion Hub when possible.
Current sensor fault; do not
use the port.
UL STATUS
Red, after power-up
blink
Replace the Expansion Hub.
The Expansion Hub laser is
not operational; no uplink
between the Expansion Hub
and Main Hub.
UL STATUS
Red from green after
90 second power-up
blink, the cable was
connected within 90
seconds of power up.
Check the Main Hub LEDs
Refer to page 7-16, item 2 in
Table 7-5.
No communication with
Main Hub.
DL STATUS
Red
Check the downlink fiber for optical power; verify that the cables
are connected to correct ports
(that is, uplink/downlink)
No downlink between the
Expansion Hub and Main
Hub.
Hub power
is On and no
RAUs are
connected
Check the Main Hub LEDs. Refer
to page 7-16, item 2 in Table 7-5.
2. Expansion
LINK
Off
Check the Cat-5E/6 cable.
Hub power
is On and
RAUs are
connected
RAU
Off
Check the Cat-5 Extender if one is
being used.
LINK
Red
RAU
Off
Test the Cat-5E/6 cable. If the
cable tests OK, try another port. If
the second port’s LEDs are
Red/Off, replace the RAU. If the
second RAU doesn’t work;
replace the Expansion Hub.
Power is not getting to the
RAU.
Power levels to RAU are not
correct; communications are
not established.
If the second port works, flag
the first port as unusable;
replace EH when possible.
Check the Cat-5 Extender if one is
being used.
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LINK
Green
RAU
Red
Use AdminManager to determine
the problem.
RAU is off-line.
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Unison Component Installation Procedures
7.4.2.2
Installing Expansion Hubs in a Multiple Operator System
Installing Expansion Hubs in a multiple operator system is the same as described in
Section 7.4.2 on page 7-18.
If rack-mounting the Expansion Hubs, we recommend mounting all multiple operator
system hubs in the same rack(s) or location, grouped by frequency or carrier. For
example, group the Expansion Hubs for iDEN together, then the 800 MHz cellular
bands, and so on.
7.4.3
Installing RAUs
CAUTION: Install RAUs in indoor locations only. Do not connect
an antenna that is installed in an outdoor location to an RAU.
Installing RAUs
Mount all RAUs in the locations marked on the floor plans.
Considerations:
• Install iDEN and 800 MHz Cellular RAUs so that their antennas are apart enough
to reduce signal interference between the two bands. Refer to Section , “800 MHz
Isolation Requirements,” on page 7-23 for recommended distance between antennas.
• Attach the RAU securely to a stationary object (that is, wall, pole, ceiling tile).
• For proper ventilation:
• Keep at least 76 mm (3 in.) clearance around the RAU to ensure proper venting.
Do not stack RAUs on top of each other.
• Always mount the RAU with the solid face against the mounting surface.
Installing Passive Antennas
Refer to the manufacturer’s installation instructions to install passive antennas.
Location
Passive antennas are usually installed below the ceiling. If they are installed above
the ceiling, the additional loss due to the ceiling material must be considered when
estimating the antenna coverage area.
800 MHz Isolation Requirements
When deploying any RF system, give special attention to preventing receiver blocking or desensitization by out-of-band transmitters. Typically, sharp filters in the
receiver front-end will reduce the interfering transmitters to tolerable levels. In select
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Unison Component Installation Procedures
cases, the interferers may occupy a frequency band that is directly adjacent to the
receiving band and cannot be adequately rejected by filtering. The only recourse in
these situations is to provide sufficient isolation by physically separating the interfering transmitters and receivers.
iDEN occupies spectrum at both 800 MHz and 900 MHz (Tx:806–825/Rx:851–870
and Tx:896–901/Rx:935–940), while the Cellular A and B carriers share a single 800
MHz block (Tx:869–894/Rx:824–849). The combination of these frequency bands,
800/900 MHz iDEN and 800 MHz Cellular, result in uplink (BTS receive) bands that
are adjacent to downlink (BTS transmit) bands. Figure 7-3 depicts these nearly contiguous bands, with arrows indicating the interfering downlink and receiving uplink
bands.
Figure 7-3
800 MHz Spectrum
Installation of an in-building distributed antenna system (DAS) to provide coverage
for both 800/900 MHz iDEN and 800 MHz Cellular must account for these downlink-to-uplink interference issues and provide adequate isolation.
LGC offers the following guidelines toward achieving the proper amount of isolation
when deploying LGC Wireless Unison DAS products.
Figure 7-4
Guideline for Unison RAU Antenna Placement
800 MHz iDEN Downlink & 800 MHz Cellular Uplink
A 2 MHz frequency gap (851 – 849 MHz) separates the 800 iDEN downlink and 800
Cellular uplink frequency bands. Because of this narrow spacing, 800 iDEN down-
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Unison Component Installation Procedures
link intermodulation products may fall within the 800 Cellular uplink band. In addition, 800 iDEN downlink signals near the lower edge of the band at 851 MHz may
cause the 800 Cellular uplink automatic level control (ALC) circuitry in the RAU to
engage and thereby reduce uplink gain.
To prevent either of these conditions, use the following guidelines:
• In-band 800 iDEN intermodulation products < -90dBm
• Lower frequency 800 iDEN signals < –30dBm for Unison
Given a typical DAS configuration (4 iDEN carriers, omni-directional antennas, line
of sight), these guidelines translate to an antenna spacing (d1) of 6–9 meters for Unison.
800 MHz Cellular Downlink & 900 MHz iDEN Uplink
A 2 MHz frequency gap (896 – 894 MHz) separates the 800 Cellular downlink and
900 iDEN uplink frequency bands. Because of this narrow spacing, 800 Cellular
downlink intermodulation products may fall within the 900 iDEN uplink band. In
addition, 800 Cellular downlink signals near the upper edge of the band at 894 MHz
may cause the 900 iDEN uplink ALC to engage and thereby reduce uplink gain.
To prevent either of these conditions, use the following guidelines:
• In-band 800 Cellular intermodulation products < -90dBm
• Upper frequency 800 Cellular signals < –30dBm for Unison
Given a typical DAS configuration (6 CDMA carriers for Unison, omni-directional
antennas, line of sight), these guidelines translate to an antenna spacing (d2) of 8-14
meters for Unison.
Connecting the Antenna to the RAU
Connect a passive antenna to the SMA male connector on the RAU using coaxial
cable with the least amount of loss possible.
CAUTION: Firmly hand-tighten the SMA female connector –
DO NOT over-tighten the connector.
Connecting the ScTP Cable
Consideration:
• Verify that the cable has been tested and the test results are recorded.
To connect the ScTP cable:
• Connect the cable to the RJ-45 female port on the RAU.
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Unison Component Installation Procedures
Power is supplied by the Expansion Hub. Upon power up, the LEDs blinks for
two seconds as a visual check that they are functioning. After the two-second test:
• The LINK LED should be green indicating that it is receiving power and communications from the Expansion Hub.
• The ALARM LED should be red until the Main Hub issues the band command,
within about 20 seconds, then it should be green.
7.4.3.1
Troubleshooting RAU LEDs During Installation
• The LINK and ALARM LEDs should be green, and remain green for longer than 90
seconds. The ALARM LED will be red if the system band has not been programmed.
Table 7-7
Troubleshooting RAU LEDs During Installation
During
Installation
LED
State
Action
Impact
1. The RAU is con-
LINK
Off
Check the Cat-5E/6 cable.
No power to RAU.
ALARM
Off
LINK
Green
RAU is off-line.
ALARM
Red
• Check the Cat-5E/6 cable.
• Check Expansion Hub LEDs
Refer to page 7-22, item 2 in
Table 7-6.
• Use AdminManager to determine
the problem.
LINK
Red from
green, after
the cables are
connected for
60 seconds
No communications
between the RAU and the
Expansion Hub.
ALARM
Red
• Check the Cat-5E/6 cable
• Check the Expansion Hub LEDs
Refer to page 7-22, item 2 in
Table 7-6.
• Use AdminManager to determine
the problem.
nected to the
Expansion Hub,
which is powered
on
7.4.3.2
Installing RAUs in a Multiple Operator System
When installing both iDEN and Cellular systems in parallel, either as dual-band or
multiple operator systems, you must take special provision to assure that the individual RAUs do not interfere with each other.
The 800 MHz Cellular and iDEN RAU’s antennas must be separated by 6 to 8
meters (20 to 26 feet) to assure that the iDEN downlink signals do not interfere
with the Cellular uplink signals.
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Unison Component Installation Procedures
7.4.4
7.4.4.1
Installing a Dual-Band RAU Configuration
Using Dual-Band Diplexer
CAUTION: Install RAUs and diplexers in indoor locations only. Do
not connect an antenna that is installed in an outdoor location.
Dual band RAU configuration consists of:
• 1 higher band RAU
• 1 lower band RAU
• 1 Dual-Band Diplexer (PN #DIPX1-1)
• 2 coaxial cables, 3 ft. long (PN #4005-3)
Installing RAUs in a Dual Band System
Use a Dual-Band Diplexer to combine the output of a low-band RAU and a
high-band RAU to a single dual band antenna.
Considerations:
• The Diplexer will have a high loss when it is connected incorrectly. When using it
with the Unison system, incorrect connections may trigger the Antenna Disconnect
alarm.
• When using the Dual-Band Diplexer, the Unison system Antenna Disconnect
alarm can detect if the cable is disconnected or cut between the RAU and the
Diplexer. This alarm, however, cannot detect it if the cable is disconnected or cut
between the Diplexer and the antenna.
Figure 7-5 shows the RAU configuration in a dual band system. It consists of two
RAUs, one for upper band and one for lower band, a diplexer and two 3 ft. coaxial
cables.
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Unison Component Installation Procedures
Figure 7-5
Dual Band RAU Configuration
3 ft. coaxial cable
Unison
RAU
Cat-5E/6 from Expansion Hub
Dual Band
Diplexer
Antenna
Dual Band Diplexer
3 ft. coaxial cable
Unison
RAU
Cat-5E/6 from Expansion Hub
To connect the RAUs and Dual Band Diplexer for a dual band system:
1.
Verify that the Unison system is powered on.
2.
Attach the Diplexer to a stable surface (that
is, wall, ceiling tile, pole).
Do not mount the Diplexer on top of an RAU.
3.
Attach the two RAUs to a stable surface
within 2.5 ft. of the Diplexer (do not stack the RAUs on top of each other).
4.
Connect the Cat-5E/6 cable coming from the Unison lower band system (that is,
system band below 1 GHZ) to the correct RAU.
The LINK LED on the RAU should be green.
5.
Connect the Cat-5E/6 cable coming from the Unison upper band system (that is,
system band above 1 GHZ) to the correct RAU.
The LINK LED on the RAU should be green.
6.
Connect a coaxial cable to the antenna ports on each of the RAUs.
The recommended coaxial cable (PN 4005-3) is 3 ft. long.
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7.
Connect the coaxial cable coming from the Unison lower band system (that is,
system band below 1 GHZ) to the Diplexer port labeled “LOWER BAND.”
8.
Connect the coaxial cable coming from the Unison upper band system (that is,
system band above 1 GHZ) to the Diplexer port labeled “UPPER BAND.”
9.
Connect a coaxial cable from the dual band antenna to the Diplexer port labeled
“ANTENNA.”
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Unison Component Installation Procedures
Connecting the Antenna to the Dual Band Diplexer
Connect a single passive antenna to the Dual Band Diplexer’s “Antenna” SMA connector using coaxial cable with the least amount of loss possible.
CAUTION:Firmly hand-tighten the SMA female connector –
DO NOT over-tighten the connector.
7.4.4.2
Using Dual-Port Antenna
Connect both RAUs directly to a dual-port, dual-band antenna.
Figure 7-6
Dual-Port Antenna Configuration
3 ft. coaxial cable
Unison
RAU
Cat-5E/6 from Expansion Hub
Unison
RAU
Cat-5E/6 from Expansion Hub
Antenna
3 ft. coaxial cable
7.4.5
Using a Cat-5 Extender
The Cat-5 Extender (PN #UNS-EX170-1)** increases the maximum length of the
Cat-5E/6 ScTP cable run that connects the Expansion Hub to the RAU from 100
meters to 170 meters. The minimum cable length between the Hub and Extender is 90
meters and the minimum length between the Extender and RAU is 20 meters. Beyond
the minimum lengths, an additional 60 meters of cable, maximum of 170 meters total,
can be inserted before or after the Extender.
Cat-5E/6 ScTP Cable
90 meters minimum
295 feet minimum
Unison
Expansion
Hub
Cat-5E/6 ScTP Cable
20 meters minimum
65 feet minimum
Cat-5
Extender
Unison
RAU
170 meters maximum
557 feet maximum
** For Japan, refer to the separate addendum - Japan Specification Document.
Table 7-8 shows the minimum and maximum cable lengths that must be met:
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Unison Component Installation Procedures
Table 7-8
Maximum/Minimum Cable Lengths
Min. Cat-5E/6 Cable Length
from Unison Hub to
Extender
Min. Cat-5E/6 Cable
Length from Extender to
RAU
Max. Cat-5E/6 Cable
Length from Unison Hub
to RAU
90 meters (295 feet)
20 meters (65 feet)
170 meters (557 feet)
Installing a Cat-5 Extender
Power is transported from the Unison system to the Cat-5 Extender using the
Cat-5E/6 cable. No power comes from the RAU. Although the bottom LED on the
Cat-5 Extender lights green when the cable is connected to either port, it is only providing power when it is correctly inserted into the port labeled “TO UNISON HUB.”
(Note that the top LED is disabled and will not light.)
1.
Verify that the Unison system is powered on and that the Cat-5E/6 cable is connected into the appropriate port.
2.
At the Cat-5 Extender site, plug the Cat-5E/6 cable coming from the Unison system into the Extender port labeled “TO UNISON HUB.” The Extender’s bottom
LED should light green if the Expansion Hub is powered on.
3.
Connect the Cat-5E/6 cable going to the RAU into the other port, which is labeled
“TO RAU.”
CAUTION:Ensure that the cables are connected to the correct ports. Otherwise, you
may damage the RAU.
If the bottom LED does not light after you have verified that the Cat-5E/6 cable from
the Unison system is plugged into the port called “TO UNISON HUB,” then the Unison system may not be powered on, the Cat-5E/6 cable may be cut/broken, or there is
a problem with the Extender. Verify that the Unison system is connected to AC
power and the power switch is in the ON position.
7.4.6
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Configuring the System
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Unison Component Installation Procedures
Configuring the Installed System
Considerations:
• The AdminManager PC/laptop is connected to the Main Hub.
• The AdminManager software is started.
• All system components are installed and powered on.
To configure an installed system:
1.
Turn on the PC and start AdminManager.
The AdminManager main window appears.
2.
Disable alarm filtering. Use View, Preferences and select “Enable faults, warnings, and status messages.”
3.
Select Settings from the Connection menu item.
The Connection Settings dialog box appears.
4.
Enter the COM Port in the text box.
5.
Select the Connection Type from the drop-down menu. LGC recommends using
Auto Detect if unsure.
6.
Click OK.
7.
Press the Enter key to initiate the connection.
When the connection is made, a hierarchical system tree is displayed in the left
pane of the window. The following icons are displayed indicated that the frequency band is not programmed:
If the system tree is not displayed, press F5 key to refresh the tree display.
8.
Right-click on the Main Hub icon and select Install/Configure System.
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Unison Component Installation Procedures
The System Configuration window appears.
9.
Select the operating band from the Select Band pull down menu.
The operating band must match the band of the RAUs that are used in the system.
10.
Change the System Gain in the text boxes, if desired.
The default is 0 dB for both the uplink and downlink.
11.
Change the System Label, if desired.
The default is “Unison.”
12.
Click OK.
During configuration, which can take several minutes for a fully-loaded system
(that is, 32 RAUs), all disconnect status are cleared; the frequency band, gain, and
system label are set; logs are cleared; the system test is performed; and finally the
status tree is refreshed. The icons should be:
Indicating that the band is correctly set.
Indicating that communications are OK.
Indicating that communications are OK.
If there are problems, the icons are different and a message is displayed in the
Messages pane.
The Unison system should now be operational. Using a mobile phone, walk your
site and test the signal strength.
NOTE: Refer to Section 9 for troubleshooting.
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Splicing Fiber Optic Cable
7.5
Splicing Fiber Optic Cable
The fiber cable must have SC/APC connectors for the entire run. If it does not, you
can splice a pigtail, which has SC/APC connectors, to the fiber cable.
LGC offers two pigtails: one for single-mode fiber (PN 4013SCAPC-3) and one for
multi-mode fiber (PN 4012SCAPC-3).
LGC Wireless recommends fusion splices because they have the lowest splice loss
and return loss. Mechanical splices have higher losses and higher back reflection than
fusion splices and are not recommended.
7.5.1
Fusion Splices
Using a fusion splicer involves fusing together two butted and cleaved ends of fiber.
The fusion splicer aligns the fibers and maintains alignment during the fusion process. Fusion splices have very low loss (typically less than 0.05 dB) and very low
back reflection (return loss). Fusion splices should be organized in a splice tray
designed to store and protect the splices.
Fusion Splicing of Fiber and Pigtail
Before you begin, make sure the fusion splicer is set to the proper mode (that is, single- or multi-mode).
To fusion splice the fiber optic cable to the SC/APC pigtail: Option A
1.
Secure both the fiber cable and the SC/APC pigtail in a splice tray that is installed
immediately adjacent to the Hub.
2.
Prepare the fiber end by cutting back the polyethylene jacket, the kevlar or fiberglass strength members, the extruded coating, and the buffer coating in order to
expose the “bare fiber” – cladding plus core.
Ensure that sufficient slack is maintained in order to be able to reach the fusion
splicer.
3.
Clean the unclad fiber core using isopropyl alcohol and lint-free wipes.
4.
Cleave the unclad fiber to the length prescribed by the fusion splicer’s specification sheets.
5.
Repeat steps 2 through 4 for the SC/APC pigtail.
6.
Pass the splice sleeve onto the fiber strand.
7.
Position both fiber ends in the fusion splicer and complete splice in accordance
with the fusion splicer’s operation instructions.
8.
Ensure that the estimated loss for the splice as measured by the fusion splicer is
0.10 dB or better.
9.
Slide the fusion splicing sleeve over the point of the fusion splice.
10.
Place the sleeve and fused fiber into the fusion splicer’s heater.
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Splicing Fiber Optic Cable
11.
Allow time for the splice sleeve to cure.
12.
Return fiber splice to the splice tray, store the sleeve in a splice holder within the
tray, and store excess cable length in accordance with the tray manufacture’s
directions.
After successfully testing the fiber, plug the SC/APC pigtail into the proper optical port on the Hub.
To fusion splice the fiber optic cable to the SC/APC pigtail: Option B
1.
Secure both the fiber cable and the SC/APC pigtail in a splice tray portion of a
fiber distribution panel.
2.
Prepare the fiber end by cutting back the polyethylene jacket, the kevlar or fiberglass strength members, the extruded coating, and the buffer coating in order to
expose the “bare fiber” – cladding plus core.
Ensure that sufficient slack is maintained in order to be able to reach the fusion
splicer.
3.
Clean the unclad fiber core using isopropyl alcohol and lint-free wipes.
4.
Cleave the unclad fiber to the length prescribed by the fusion splicer’s specification sheets.
5.
Repeat steps 2 through 4 for the SC/APC pigtail.
6.
Pass the splice sleeve onto the fiber strand.
7.
Position both fiber ends in the fusion splicer and complete splice in accordance
with the fusion splicer’s operation instructions.
8.
Ensure that the estimated loss for the splice as measured by the fusion splicer is
0.10 dB or better.
9.
Slide the fusion splicing sleeve over the point of the fusion splice.
10.
Place the sleeve and fused fiber into the fusion splicer’s heater.
11.
Allow time for the splice sleeve to cure.
12.
Return fiber splice to the splice tray, store the sleeve in a splice holder within the
tray, and store excess cable length in accordance with the tray manufacture’s
directions.
13.
After successfully testing the fiber cable, plug the SC/APC pigtail into the back
side of the SC/APC bulkhead in the Fiber Distribution Panel.
Install a SC/APC patch cord between the front side of the SC/APC bulkhead and
the proper optical port on the Hub.
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Interfacing a Main Hub to a Base Station or a Roof-top Antenna
7.6
Interfacing a Main Hub to a Base Station or a
Roof-top Antenna
WARNING: Only LGC personnel or LGC-authorized installation personnel should connect the Unison Main Hub to a base station or
repeater. Exceeding the maximum input power could cause failure of
the Main Hub (refer to Section 6.1 on page 6-3 for maximum power
specifications). If the maximum composite power is too high, attenuation is required.
NOTE: The UPLINK and DOWNLINK ports cannot handle a DC power feed
from a base station. If DC power is present, a DC block must be used or the
main hub may be damaged.
Connecting a Main Hub to an In-Building Base Station
Connecting a Simplex Base Station to a Main Hub:
1.
Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the transmit simplex connector on
the base station.
2.
Connect the other end of the N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the DOWNLINK
connector on the Main Hub.
3.
Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the receive simplex connector on
the base station.
4.
Connect the other end of the N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the UPLINK connector on the Main Hub.
Figure 7-7
Simplex Base Station to a Main Hub
N-male to N-male
Coaxial Cable
Insert attenuator, if needed
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Simplex
Base Station
T1/E1 to
Mobile
Switching
Center
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Interfacing a Main Hub to a Base Station or a Roof-top Antenna
Connecting a Duplex Base Station to a Main Hub:
When connecting to a duplex base station, use a circulator between it and the Main
Hub.
You can insert attenuators between the circulator and Main Hub as needed; refer to
Section 6.6.1 on page 6-38 for more information.
1.
Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the duplex connector on the base
station.
2.
Connect the other N-male connector to a circulator.
3.
Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the DOWNLINK connector on the
Main Hub.
4.
Connect the other end of the N-male coaxial cable to the transmit connector on the
circulator.
5.
Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the UPLINK connector on the Main
Hub.
6.
Connect the other end of the N-male coaxial cable to the receive connector on the
circulator.
Figure 7-8
Duplex Base Station to a Main Hub
N-male to N-male
Coaxial Cable
Circulator
Insert attenuator, if needed
N-male to N-male
Coaxial Cable
Duplex
Base Station
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T1/E1 to
Mobile
Switching
Center
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Interfacing a Main Hub to a Base Station or a Roof-top Antenna
Connecting a Main Hub to Multiple Base Stations
You can use power combiner/splitters to connect a Main Hub to multiple base stations, as shown in Figure 7-9.
Figure 7-9
Connecting a Main Hub to Multiple Base Stations
BTS 1
UL
DL
BTS 2
UL
DL
Insert attenuators, if needed
N-male to N-male
Coaxial Jumper Cable
to Repeater or
Base Station
2 x 1 Power
Combiner/Splitter
N-male to N-male
Coaxial Jumper Cables
between Combiner/Splitter and
Main Hub’s Uplink Port
2 x 1 Power
Combiner/Splitter
N-male to N-male
Coaxial Jumper Cables
between Combiner/Splitter and
Main Hub’s Downlink Port
Connecting a Main Hub to a Roof-top Antenna
LGC Wireless recommends that you use a lightning arrestor or surge protector in a
roof-top antenna configuration. Insert the lightning arrestor or surge protector
between the roof-top antenna and the repeater that is connected to the Main Hub.
1.
Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the roof-top antenna.
2.
Connect the other end of the N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the grounded
surge suppressor.
3.
Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the grounded surge suppressor.
4.
Connect the other end of the N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the repeater.
5.
Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the repeater.
6.
Connect the other end of the N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the circulator
1 connector.
7.
Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the circulator 2 connector.
8.
Connect the other end of the N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the DOWNLINK
connector on the Main Hub.
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CONFIDENTIAL
Interfacing a Main Hub to a Base Station or a Roof-top Antenna
Attenuation may be required to achieve the desired RF output at the RAU.
9.
Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the circulator 3 connector.
10.
Connect the other end of the N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the UPLINK connector on the Main Hub.
Roof-top
Antenna
Attenuator (optional)
N-male to N-male
Coaxial Cable
Circulator
Grounded
Surge Suppressor
7.6.1
Repeater
N-male to N-male
Coaxial Cable
N-male to N-male
Coaxial Cables
Connecting Multiple Main Hubs
You can use power combiner/splitters as splitters to connect multiple Main Hubs in
order to increase the total number of RAUs in a system. You can also use power combiner/splitters to combine base station channels in order to increase the number of RF
carriers the system transports.
Connecting Multiple Main Hubs to a Simplex Repeater
or Base Station
Considerations:
• 2 hybrid power combiner/splitters; one for uplink and one for downlink (2x1 for
two Main Hubs, 3x1 for three, 4x1 for four, etc.)
• 1 N-male to N-male coaxial jumper cable between each power combiner/splitter
and the base station
• 2 N-male to N-male coaxial jumper cables between each power combiner/splitter
and each Main Hub
Procedure:
1.
2.
7-38
CONFIDENTIAL
Connect the power combiner/splitters to the repeater or base station using N-male
to N-male coaxial jumper cables:
a.
From the first power combiner/splitter to the repeater or base station
b.
From the second power combiner/splitter to the repeater or base station
Connect the power combiner/splitters to the Main Hubs:
a. From the first Main Hub’s UPLINK port to the first power combiner/splitter
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
Interfacing a Main Hub to a Base Station or a Roof-top Antenna
3.
b.
From the first Main Hub’s DOWNLINK port to the second power combiner/splitter
c.
From the second Main Hub’s UPLINK port to the first power combiner/splitter
d.
From the second Main Hub’s DOWNLINK port to the second power combiner/splitter
Check Main Hub LEDs.
After connecting and powering on the Main Hub, check all LEDs to ensure that
the system is operating properly.
NOTE: Use a 50 ohm terminator on any unused power combiner/splitter ports.
Figure 7-10 shows connecting two Main Hubs to a simplex repeater or base station.
Connecting two Main Hubs increases the total number of supportable RAUs from 32
to 64. Two Main Hubs support up to 8 Expansion Hubs which in turn support up to 64
RAUs.
Figure 7-10
Connecting Two Main Hubs to a Simplex Repeater or Base Station
N-male to N-male
Coaxial Jumper Cable
to Repeater or
Base Station
2 x 1 Power
Combiner/Splitter
N-male to N-male
Coaxial Jumper Cables
between Combiner/Splitter and
Main Hub’s Downlink Port
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
N-male to N-male
Coaxial Jumper Cable
to Repeater or
Base Station
2 x 1 Power
Combiner/Splitter
N-male to N-male
Coaxial Jumper Cables
between Combiner/Splitter and
Main Hub’s Uplink Port
7-39
CONFIDENTIAL
Interfacing a Main Hub to a Base Station or a Roof-top Antenna
Connecting Multiple Main Hubs to a Duplex Repeater
or Base Station
Considerations:
• 2 hybrid power combiner/splitters; one for uplink and one for downlink (2x1 for
two Main Hubs, 3x1 for three, 4x1 for four, and so on.)
• 2 N-male to N-male coaxial jumper cables to connect each Main Hub to the power
combiner/splitters
• 1 circulator
• 1 N-male to N-male coaxial jumper cable between each circulator and the repeater
or base station
• 1 N-male to N-male coaxial jumper cable1 between each circulator and power
combiner/splitter
Procedure:
1.
Connect the Circulator to the power combiner/splitters and to the repeater or base
station using one N-male to N-male coaxial jumper cable.
2.
Connect each power combiner/splitter to the circulator using one N-male to
N-male coaxial jumper cable.
3.
Connect the power combiner/splitter to the Main Hubs:
a. From the first Main Hub’s UPLINK port to the first power combiner/splitter
4.
b.
From the first Main Hub’s DOWNLINK port to the second power combiner/splitter
c.
From the second Main Hub’s UPLINK port to the first power combiner/splitter
d.
From the second Main Hub’s DOWNLINK port to the second power combiner/splitter
Check Main Hub LEDs.
After connecting and powering on the Main Hub, check all LEDs to ensure that
the system is operating properly.
NOTE: Use a 50 ohm terminator on any unused power combiner/splitter ports.
7-40
CONFIDENTIAL
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
Interfacing a Main Hub to a Base Station or a Roof-top Antenna
To connect two Main Hubs to a duplex repeater or base station, use one circulator and
one more coaxial jumper cable, as shown in Figure 7-11.
Figure 7-11
Connecting Two Main Hubs to a Duplex Repeater or Base Station
Insert attenuator, if needed
N-male to N-male
Coaxial Jumper Cable
to Repeater or
Base Station
Circulator
N-male to N-male
Coaxial Jumper Cable
2 x 1 Power
Combiner/Splitter
N-male to N-male
Coaxial Jumper Cables
between Combiner/Splitter and
Main Hub’s Downlink Port
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
N-male to N-male
Coaxial Jumper Cable
2 x 1 Power
Combiner/Splitter
N-male to N-male
Coaxial Jumper Cables
between Combiner/Splitter and
Main Hub’s Uplink Port
7-41
CONFIDENTIAL
Connecting Contact Alarms to a Unison System
7.7
Connecting Contact Alarms to a Unison System
The Unison Main Hub can generate (source) two contact alarms as well as sense an
external contact alarm.
• Alarm Source (refer to Section 7.7.1 on page 7-43)
The Main Hub has two alarm contacts, fault (major) and warning (minor). These
contact are normally-closed (NC) and will open when an internal alarm is detected.
NOTE: The contact can be changed to normally-open (NO) with AdminManager. This is not recommended as no alarm would be sent if power to
the Main Hub fails.
• Fault is activated when any faults or disconnects are detected.
• Warning is activated when any warning conditions are detected except lockout
or when the end-to-end system test is not valid.
• Alarm Sense (refer to Section 7.7.2 on page 7-46)
The Main Hub can monitor an external alarm contact. The port can be configured
for normally-open (NO) or normally-closed (NC) contacts. The interface expects a
set of floating contacts, and an external voltage source is not required for this interface. Use AdminManager or OpsConsole to monitor the port status.
Table 7-9 lists the alarm types, equipment that Unison is connected to, cable(s) used,
and the faults (major and/or minor) that are detected.
Table 7-9
Alarm Types
Alarm
Type
Unison
connected to
Source
Source
Cable(s) Used
Alarms Detected
MetroReach
Focus
5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable
Faults
BTS
5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable
Faults and Warnings
In addition, a custom daisy-chain cable-to-BTS interface
cable is required. Make this interface cable to the desired
length and with the appropriate pin placement.
Sense
LGCell
5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable
and the Alarm Sense Adapter
Cable
Faults
NOTE: The 5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain cable is for normally closed (NC)
contacts.
7-42
CONFIDENTIAL
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
Connecting Contact Alarms to a Unison System
NOTE: LGCell and MetroReach Focus support only faults (major alarms).
Do not mix LGCell and Unison Main Hubs in the same daisy-chain. You can
daisy-chain multiple LGCell Main Hubs together and use the Alarm Sense Adapter
Cable to connect the chain to a Unison Main Hub, which will act as an alarm sensor.
7.7.1
Alarm Source
Unison always acts an alarm source, no matter what type of equipment you are connecting to. Refer to Section 7.7.2 on page 7-46 if you want Unison to sense LGCell
contact closures or other external alarms.
Using MetroReach Focus to Monitor Unison
When you connect MetroReach Focus to Unison, the Unison Main Hub is the output
of the alarms (alarm source) and Focus is the input (alarm sense), as shown in the following figure. Focus supports only faults (major alarms).
Figure 7-12
Connecting MetroReach to Unison
MetroReach
Focus
RFM
RF OUT
DOWNLINK
RF IN
UPLINK
Unison Main Hub
FIBER
9-pin Adapter
Alarm
Source
5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable
UPLINK
DOWNLINK
Alarm
Sense
ALARM
RS-232C
Alarm
Source
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
7-43
CONFIDENTIAL
Connecting Contact Alarms to a Unison System
Using a Base Station to Monitor Unison
When you connect a BTS to Unison, the Unison Main Hub is the output of the alarms
(alarm source) and the BTS is the input (alarm sense), as shown in Figure 7-13. An
interface cable is required between the daisy-chain cable and the BTS. Because BTS
alarm interface pinouts and Unison-to-BTS distances vary, this cable often is custom
and wired on-site. Refer to “Main Hub Rear Panel Connectors” on page 3-8 for
Alarm Contact details (Normally Closed).
Figure 7-13
Using a BTS to Monitor Unison
Unison Main Hub
Alarm
Source
5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable
BTS
Alarm
Sense
Interface
Cable
Alarm
Source
NOTE: For normally open contacts, the fault and warning contacts need to
be wired in parallel with other Main Hubs.
NOTE: LGC Wireless does not recommend using normally open contacts.
7-44
CONFIDENTIAL
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
Connecting Contact Alarms to a Unison System
Using a Base Station and OpsConsole to Monitor Unison
In order to take full advantage of Unison’s OA&M capabilities use LGC Wireless
OpsConsole software in addition to a BTS to monitor the system, as shown in
Figure 7-14.
Figure 7-14
Using a BTS and OpsConsole to Monitor Unison
Unison Main Hub
5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable
Alarm
Source
BTS
Alarm
Sense
Interface
Cable
Alarm
Source
Straight-through modem cable connected
to Main Hub’s front panel serial port
Modem
PSTN
PC running
OpsConsole
Software
Modem
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
7-45
CONFIDENTIAL
Connecting Contact Alarms to a Unison System
7.7.2
Alarm Sense
Use AdminManager to enable the Unison system for “alarm sense” when connecting
to the contact closure of LGCell Main Hubs or other external alarms (refer to Set
Contact Sense Properties in the AdminManager User Manual).
Using Unison to Monitor LGCells
When you connect LGCell to Unison, the Unison Main Hub is the input of the alarms
(alarm sense) and the LGCell is the output (alarm source), as shown in Figure 7-15.
Figure 7-15
Connecting LGCell to Unison
Unison Main Hub
Up to 5 LGCell Main Hubs
5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable
Alarm
Sense
Alarm
Source
Alarm Sense
Adapter Cable
Alarm
Source
LGCell supports only faults (major alarms). You must use the Alarm Sense Adapter
Cable (refer to page 7-50) to interface the daisy-chain cable to Unison. The adapter
cable is required because it translates the LGCell fault pinout to the sense input pins
on the Unison Main Hub.
Figure 7-16
Alarm Sense Contacts
+5V
External
Equipment
Contacts
Diagnostic I
7-46
CONFIDENTIAL
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
Connecting Contact Alarms to a Unison System
7.7.2.1
Expansion Hub Alarm Sense (UNS-EH-2 only)
The Expansion Hub can sense three external contact closure alarms. These contact
closure inputs were designed for monitoring an Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS),
but could monitor any external event that provides the proper input level.
These contact closure inputs are user programmable for enable/disable and normally
open/normally closed definition. The factory default is disabled/normally closed for
all three contacts. Use AdminManager to enable and set the appropriate NO/NC state.
If a contact event alarm is detected, the Expansion Hub reports the alarm condition to
the Main Hub as a warning condition. The Expansion Hub front panel LEDs do not
indicate a contact event alarm. Use AdminManager or OpsConsole to determine the
exact alarm event.
The expansion Hub supplies 5V. If the contact is open at the external device, the
Micro reads 5V. When the contact is closed at the external device-the micro reads 0V
or Ground.
Table 7-10
Pin Connections
DB9 Pin #
Connection
Signal Name
N/C
N/A
+5V through a 10K Ohm resistor. Input to
micro controller
ALARM3
+5V through a 10K Ohm resistor. Input to
micro controller
ALARM1
GND
N/A
+5V through a 10K Ohm resistor. Input to
micro controller
ALARM2
N/C
N/A
N/C
N/A
GND
N/A
GND
N/A
Table 7-11
Input Electrical Characteristics
Parameter
Description
Specification
Rmin
Loop resistance for “OFF” condition
> 20k Ohm
Rmax
Loop resistance for “ON” condition
< 2k Ohm
T on Max
Max Turn-on Time
5 Second
T off Max
Max Turn-Off Time
5 Second
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
7-47
CONFIDENTIAL
Connecting Contact Alarms to a Unison System
• The micro controller sees a high or 5V for an open condition. The loop resistance
must be greater then 20K Ohm to guarantee the micro sees 3.5V or greater.
• The micro controller sees low or 0V for a closed condition. The loop resistance
must be greater than 2K Ohm to guarantee the micro sees 1V or less.
• You may have to determine a time on and off for the connection so that the alarm
is not intermittent.
• Firmware has a five second hysteresis to ensure the micro does not capture intermittent contact closures.
Table 7-12
Output Electrical Characteristics
Parameter
Description
Specification
I Max
Continuous Load Current
550uA
V Max
DC volts out
5 V + 5%
T on Max
Max Turn-on Time
5 Seconds
T off Max
Max Turn-Off Time
5 Seconds
I max is 5V/10K = 500uA. +/- uA due to R and V tolerances.
Vmax is 5V+5% from power supply spec.
7-48
CONFIDENTIAL
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
Connecting Contact Alarms to a Unison System
7.7.3
Alarm Cables
5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable
Figure 7-17 shows the 5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable (PN 4024-3), which supports
fault and warning conditions (that is, major and minor alarms).
Figure 7-17
5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable
1.2 meters (4 feet)
DB-9 female to
Base Station,
MetroReach Focus,
or
the Alarm Sense
Adapter Cable when
connecting LGCell
to Unison
DB-9 male to
Unison, MetroReach
Focus, or LGCell
Alarm Port
Splice
J1
Female
J2
Male
Splice
Connector
Hood
DB-9 male to
Unison, MetroReach
Focus, or LGCell
Alarm Port
.5 meter
(1.5 feet)
Splice
J3
Male
Splice
DB-9 male to
Unison, MetroReach
Focus, or LGCell
Alarm Port
.5 meter
(1.5 feet)
Splice
J4
Male
Splice
NOTE: Do not daisy-chain Unison
Main Hubs with LGCell or
MetroReach if you want both faults
and warnings from Unison. Only faults
are reported if you combine Unison
with LGCell or MetroReach in the
same daisy chain.
DB-9 male to
Unison, MetroReach
Focus, or LGCell
Alarm Port
.5 meter
(1.5 feet)
Splice
J5
Male
Splice
.5 meter
(1.5 feet)
J6
Male
Option 2: Use J2-J5
for alarm ports. J6 is used
to connect to an additional
Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable.
J7 is not used.
.25 meter
(.75 feet)
Option 1: DB-9 to
Unison, MetroReach
Focus, or LGCell
Alarm Port.
J7 not used
J7
Female
Option 3: Connect
fewer than 5 ports and
terminate the daisy chain
by connecting J7 to the
lowest unused port.
Terminator
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
7-49
CONFIDENTIAL
Connecting Contact Alarms to a Unison System
Alarm Sense Adapter Cable
The alarm sense adapter cable (PN 4025-1) translates the LGCell fault pinout to the
sense input pins on the Unison Main Hub. You must use this adapter cable, as illustrated in Figure 7-18, with the 5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable when connecting
LGCell to Unison.
Figure 7-18
Alarm Sense Adapter Cable
To Unison
J9
J8
To Daisy-Chain Cable
3 feet
7-50
CONFIDENTIAL
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
Alarm Monitoring Connectivity Options
7.8
Alarm Monitoring Connectivity Options
The following connectivity options are described here:
• Section 7.8.1 Direct Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-51
• Section 7.8.2 Modem Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-52
• Section 7.8.3 RS-232 Port Expander Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-53
• Section 7.8.4 POTS Line Sharing Switch Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-54
• Section 7.8.5 Ethernet and ENET/RS-232 Serial Hub Connection . . . . . . . . 7-55
• Section 7.8.6 Network Interface Unit (NIU) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-56
Note that the only accessory that is available through LGC Wireless is the DB-9 to
DB-9 null modem cable, which is provided with AdminManager.
7.8.1
Direct Connection
In this configuration, the AdminManager or OpsConsole PC connects directly to the
RS-232 serial port on the Main Hub’s front panel using a null modem cable.
Figure 7-19
OA&M Direct Connection
Null Modem Cable
PC running
AdminManager
or OpsConsole
Software
NOTE: The null modem cable must support full hardware handshaking.
Refer to Appendix A.5 on page A-4 for cable wiring information.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
7-51
CONFIDENTIAL
Alarm Monitoring Connectivity Options
7.8.2
Modem Connection
In this configuration, the PC and the Main Hub connect to modems and communicate
using a standard dial-up telephone connection.
Figure 7-20
OA&M Modem Connection
Straight-through modem cable
Modem
PSTN
Modem
Straight-through
modem cable
PC running
AdminManager
or OpsConsole
Software
External Modem
only with OpsConsole
NOTE: Refer to Appendix A.4 on page A-3 for the modem cable wiring information.
7-52
CONFIDENTIAL
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
Alarm Monitoring Connectivity Options
7.8.3
RS-232 Port Expander Connection
In this configuration a port expander is used to allow the connection of multiple
devices to a single PC serial port. Testing was performed with an Equinox SST-16P
Multiport Board. A DB-25 male to DB-9 female modem cable must be made to connect the connector panel to the Main Hub (refer to Appendix A.6 on page A-5). Or,
you can use a DB-25 male/DB-9 male adapter with a DB-9 female to DB-9 female
null modem cable.
Figure 7-21
OA&M Connection using an RS-232 Port Expander
Modem Cable
DB-25 male to DB-9 female
PC running
AdminManager
or OpsConsole
Software
RS-232 Port Expander
Connector Panel
Host Cable
Serial Expansion Card to Connector Panel
NOTE: Refer to Appendix A.6 on page A-5 for the modem cable wiring information.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
7-53
CONFIDENTIAL
Alarm Monitoring Connectivity Options
7.8.4
POTS Line Sharing Switch Connection
Using a line sharing switch you can connect up to four modems to a single telephone
line. Testing was performed with a Teltone Line Sharing Switch, model number
M-394-B-01.
Figure 7-22
Straight-through
modem cable
PC running
AdminManager
or OpsConsole
Software
OA&M Connection using a POTS Line Sharing Switch
PSTN
Modem
Line Sharing Switch
External Modem
only with OpsConsole
Modem
Up to 4 modems
per Switch
Modem
Straight-through
modem cable
Up to 16 modems can be monitored using a single telephone line by cascading line
sharing switches, as shown in Figure 7-23.
Figure 7-23
PC running
AdminManager
or OpsConsole
Software
Straight-through
modem cable
Cascading Line Sharing Switches
PSTN
Modem
Line Sharing Switch
External Modem
only with OpsConsole
Line Sharing Switch
7-54
CONFIDENTIAL
Line Sharing Switch
Straightthrough
modem
cables
Line Sharing Switch
Line Sharing Switch
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
Alarm Monitoring Connectivity Options
7.8.5
Ethernet and ENET/RS-232 Serial Hub Connection
You can use an Ethernet-to-RS-232 serial hub or converter box to communicate
between the PC and Unison. Testing was performed with an Equinox SST Ethernet
Serial Provider.
Figure 7-24
OA&M Connection using Ethernet and ENET/232 Serial Hub
Modem Cable
PC running
AdminManager
or OpsConsole
Software
TCP/IP
Cat-5E
ENET/RS-232
Serial Hub
RJ-45 to DB-9 female
Ethernet
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
7-55
CONFIDENTIAL
Alarm Monitoring Connectivity Options
7.8.6
Network Interface Unit (NIU)
Faults and warnings can also be diagnosed with SNMP using the NIU. The NIU supports complete interactions with Unison system:
• Gets, Sets, and Traps/Notification
The NIU enables access to multiple LGC systems at a site as follows:
• NIU-4P-NM-1 (Up to four Unison systems)
• NIU-10P-NM-1 (Up to ten Unison systems)
The LGC NIU includes a MIB for integrating into the Network Management System
(NMS) and supports SNMPv1 and SNMPv2c.
Figure 7-25
Network Interface Unit (NIU) Configuration Options
The NIU supports
SNMP access to
Unison / Accel systems
via Ethernet or dialup
Can dedicate one
port for an external
modem
Network
Interface Unit
(SNMP Proxy
Agent)
Phone Line
Ethernet
Network
Management
System (SNMP
Manager)
PPP
PPP/ /
POTS
POTS
Modem
Ethernet
7-56
CONFIDENTIAL
OR
Secure
Secure
TCP/IP
TCP/IP
Network
Network
NIU-10P-NM-1 supports up to 10 Unison/Accel systems
NIU-4P-NM-1 supports up to 4 Unison/Accel systems (not expandable)
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
Alarm Monitoring Connectivity Options
Multiple Unison Systems Monitored by a Single Network
Management System
Figure 7-26
Site 1
NOC
NIU 1
SNMP Reply or
Trap / Notification
LGC MIB
SNMP Network
Management System
SNMP v1/v2C
Get or Set
Unison 10
TCP/IP
TCP/IP
Network
Network
Site 2
Unison 1
SNMP Agent
Unison 2
Troubleshoot via AdminManager
(Telnet/VPN or PPP/Dialup into NIU)
…>
OR
NIU 2
…>
For Troubleshooting….
Troubleshoot via SNMP
(VPN into NMS)
Unison 2
…>
SNMP Agent
Unison 1
Unison 10
Field Technician
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
7-57
CONFIDENTIAL
Alarm Monitoring Connectivity Options
This page is intentionally left blank.
7-58
CONFIDENTIAL
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
Replacing Unison Components
SECTION 8
8.1
Replacing an RAU
Be aware that the new RAU must be the same band as the one you are replacing. If
you replace an RAU with one that is of the wrong band, it will not work.
The Main Hub automatically checks the band of a replaced RAU. There is no need to
issue commands directly from the Main Hub. Therefore, as long as the RAU is of the
correct band, the system will operate properly.
Replacing an RAU
1.
Using AdminManager, right-click on the RAU’s icon and select Advanced RAU
Settings from the Unit Commands menu item.
The Advanced RAU Settings window is displayed. Write down the settings so
you can set the new RAU with the same settings.
2.
Click CANCEL to close the window.
3.
Verify that the new RAU is of the same frequency band as the one replaced.
4.
Disconnect the Cat-5/5E/6 cable and antenna cable from the unit to be replaced.
5.
Install the new RAU.
6.
Connect the antenna cable and then the Cat-5/5E/6 cable to the new RAU.
7.
Right-click on the RAU icon and select Advanced RAU Settings from the Unit
Commands menu item.
The Advanced RAU Settings window is displayed.
8.
Set the DL/UL attenuation as the old RAU was programmed and click OK.
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
8-1
CONFIDENTIAL
Replacing an RAU
Perform System Test
When convenient, perform System Test to optimize performance.
During System Test, the entire system is temporarily off-line and no RF is
being transmitted. For a fully loaded system (one Main Hub, four Expansion
Hubs, and 32 RAUs), it can take up to 1.5 minutes to complete the test.
Checking the RAU’s LEDs
1.
The RAU’s LINK and ALARM LEDs should blink (green/red) on power up.
• If the LEDs do not blink on power up, replace the RAU.
2.
After several seconds both LEDs should change to green, which indicates that the
unit has been successfully replaced, there is communication with the Expansion
Hub, and the RAU band is correct.
a.
If the LINK LED remains green and the ALARM LED remains red, verify that
the RAU model is correct for the intended frequency band.
– Disconnect the cable and then reconnect it once; doing this more than once
will not change the result.
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CONFIDENTIAL
b.
If both LEDs still don’t change to green, use the AdminManager to determine
the exact nature of the fault and see a recommendation of how to correct it.
c.
If both LEDs turn red (after 90 seconds), the Expansion Hub has terminated
communications.
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
Replacing an Expansion Hub
8.2
Replacing an Expansion Hub
Replacing an Expansion Hub
1.
Turn off the power to the Expansion Hub.
2.
Disconnect all Cat-5/5E/6 cables, both fiber cables, and the AC power cord.
3.
Replace the Expansion Hub with a new one.
4.
Connect the AC power cord, all Cat-5/5E/6 cables, and both fiber cables –
remembering to clean and correctly connect the uplink and downlink fiber.
5.
Turn on the power to the Expansion Hub.
AdminManager Tasks
• The Main Hub automatically issues the band setting.
• When convenient, use AdminManager to perform System Test in order to optimize
performance.
During System Test, the entire system is temporarily off-line and no RF is
being transmitted. For a fully loaded system (one Main Hub, four Expansion
Hubs, and 32 RAUs), it can take up to 1.5 minutes to complete the test.
Checking the Expansion Hub’s LEDs
• The LEDs should blink through all states on power up.
• If the LEDs do not blink on power up, replace the Expansion Hub.
• If the LEDs do not illuminate at all, make sure the AC power cable is connected.
• The UL STATUS and DL STATUS LEDs should be green.
• The E-HUB STATUS and POWER LEDs should be green.
• For each RJ-45 port that has an RAU connected:
• The LINK LEDs should be green.
• The RAU LEDs should be green.
It can take several seconds for each Cat-5/5E/6 connection for the LEDs to display
properly.
NOTE: Refer to Section 9 for troubleshooting using the LEDs.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
8-3
CONFIDENTIAL
Replacing a Main Hub
8.3
Replacing a Main Hub
You must record the system configuration settings from the old Main Hub’s memory
before replacing the unit (refer to Step 1 below). You will program the new Main Hub
with this information. If the Main Hub is programmed incorrectly, the system will not
work. If the Main Hub is not functioning, get the configuration settings from the
As-Built Document that was created as part of the original installation.
Replacing a Main Hub
1.
Using AdminManager, right-click on the Hub’s icon and select Get Parameters
from the System Commands menu item.
The system’s configuration is displayed in the Messages pane.
2.
Turn off the power to the Main Hub.
3.
Disconnect all cables and the AC power cord.
4.
Replace the Hub with a new one.
5.
Connect the AC power cord and all cables.
6.
Connect the null modem cable to the PC and then to the Hub’s front panel DB-9
serial connector.
7.
Start the AdminManager software.
8.
Turn on the power to the Hub.
9.
Observe the LEDs after turning on the power.
All the LEDs will blink during the initial power up sequence. If the Hub has been
programmed with a band, all LEDs should turn green after the power on sequence
is complete. Power up sequence takes between 1 and 2 minutes depending on the
number of RAUs.
Configure the New Main Hub
1.
Right-click the Main Hub’s icon and select Install/Configure System from the
menu.
The System Configuration window is displayed. Write down the settings so you
can set the new Main Hub with the same settings.
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CONFIDENTIAL
2.
Select the operating band from the Select Band drop down menu.
3.
Enter the uplink and downlink gain in the text boxes.
4.
Enter the system label.
5.
Click OK.
6.
Set the Callback Number and Contact Sense Properties if they are used.
7.
Set the current date/time of day.
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
Replacing a Main Hub
Checking the Main Hub’s LEDs
• The LEDs should blink through a 5-second test on power up.
• If the LEDs do not blink on power up, replace the Main Hub.
• If the LEDs do not illuminate at all, make sure the AC power cable is connected.
• For each fiber optic port that has a connected Expansion Hub, which has been programmed with a band:
• The LINK LED should be green.
• The E-HUB/RAU LED should be green indicating that all downstream units are
functioning
• Refer to Section 9.3, “Troubleshooting,” on page 9-3 for more LED states.
NOTE: If there is communication between the Main Hub and the Expansion Hubs,
use the AdminManager to isolate system problems.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
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Replacing a Main Hub
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8-6
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InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
Maintenance, Troubleshooting,
and Technical Assistance
SECTION 9
There are no user-serviceable parts in any of the Unison components. Faulty or failed
components are fully replaceable through LGC Wireless.
9.1
Address
2540 Junction Avenue
San Jose, California
95134-1902 USA
Phone
1-408-952-2400
Fax
1-408-952-2410
Help Hot Line
1-800-530-9960 (U.S. only)
+1-408-952-2400 (International)
Web Address
http://www.lgcwireless.com
e-mail
service@lgcwireless.com
Service
There are no user-serviceable parts in the InterReach Unison system. All units should
be replaced and returned to the factory for service if needed.
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
9-1
CONFIDENTIAL
Maintenance
9.2
Maintenance
Keep the fiber ports clean and free of dust. No other periodic maintenance of the Unison equipment is required.
To clean the fiber ports:
You can clean the Hub’s fiber ports using canned compressed air or isopropyl alcohol
and cotton swabs.
Considerations:
• If you use compressed air:
• The air must be free of dust, water, and oil.
• Hold the can level during use.
• If using isopropyl alcohol and foam-tipped swab:
• Use only 98% pure or more alcohol.
Procedure using compressed air:
1.
Remove the connector’s dust cap.
2.
Spray the compressed air away from the unit for a few seconds to clean out the
nozzle and then blow dust particles out of each fiber port.
Procedure using isopropyl alcohol:
1.
Remove the connector’s dust cap.
2.
Dip a 2.5mm lint-free, foam-tipped swab in isopropyl alcohol and slowly insert
the tip into the connector.
3.
Gently twist the swab to clean the connector.
4.
Insert a dry swab to dry the connector.
Additionally, you can use compressed air after the alcohol has completely evaporated.
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InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
Troubleshooting
9.3
Troubleshooting
NOTE: Unison has no user-serviceable parts. Faulty or failed units are fully
replaceable through LGC Wireless.
Sources of potential problems include:
• Faulty cabling/connector
• Malfunction of one or more Unison components
• Antenna, base station, or repeater problem
• External RF interface
• Tripped circuit breaker
• Using a Null modem cable that does not support full hardware handshaking when
using AdminManager
NOTE: Faulty cabling is the cause of a vast majority of problems. All
Cat-5/5E/6 cable should be tested to TIA/EIA 568-A specifications. The
RAU can be damaged if the cable is not wired correctly.
You must use AdminManager or OpsConsole for troubleshooting the system, use the
LEDs only as backup or for confirmation. However, if there are communication problems within the system, the LEDs may provide additional information that is not
available using AdminManager.
If you cannot determine the cause of a problem after following the recommended procedures, call the LGC Wireless customer help hot line:
1-800-530-9960 (U.S. only)
+1-408-952-2400 (International)
Or, email us at support@lgcwireless.com.
Please provide the following information:
• Serial number of the unit
• Description of the problem
• Using AdminManager 2.04 or higher, execute the “Tools J Get Service Information” command. Save and email this file to us.
• What is the length of the Cat-5/5E/6 cable? Is it screened?
• Status of the LEDs on the unit
• Was the unit power cycled?
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
9-3
CONFIDENTIAL
Troubleshooting
9.3.1
Troubleshooting using AdminManager
Use AdminManager software to determine the current faults and warnings for all of
the units in the system. To troubleshoot, start with the Main Hub’s faults AND warnings, then proceed to each of the Expansion Hubs, finishing with each of the RAUs.
NOTE: AdminManager v2.04 or higher displays events (faults, warnings,
or status messages) depending on your view preference. To change your
view preference, refer to Section 3.4.2, “View Preference,” on page 3-10.
NOTE: Faults usually impact service; warnings may impact service; status
does not generally impact service, but contains important information that
you should not ignore.
System Troubleshooting
Get All Current Faults & Warnings (or Get Faults; or Get Current Faults, Warnings,
and Status Messages). This gives the current status of the system depending on view
preferences, and should be used to determine if there is more than one fault/warning
in the system. Point to the top most icon or the Main Hub in the hierarchical tree, and
right click to see the Pull down menu. Select: SYSTEM COMMANDS/GET FAULTS (OR
GET CURRENT FAULTS AND WARNINGS; OR GET CURRENT FAULTS, WARNINGS, AND STATUS MESSAGES).
NOTE: System commands always take longer to execute than component
commands.
NOTE: This RAU icon
indicates there is fault on the RAU. This icon
indicates a disconnected device. You cannot request status on a disconnected device.
Component Troubleshooting
• If a device displays as an fault icon, right click on the icon, and select UNIT COMMANDS/ GET CURRENT FAULTS. If a device displays as a warning or information
icon, right click on the icon, and select UNIT COMMANDS/ GET CURRENT WARNINGS
AND STATUS MESSAGES.
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InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
Troubleshooting
9.3.1.1
Troubleshooting Recommendations
• Some things that can be done, depending on the device fault or warning include:
a.
Hardware faults on Expansion Hub.
– Try swapping fiber with another Expansion Hub at the Main Hub.
– Try cleaning the fiber and the fiber ports with alcohol foam tip swab and
compressed air. See Section , “To clean the fiber ports:,” on page 9-2.
– Power cycle the Expansion Hub.
b.
Issue a CLEAR ALL DISCONNECTS at the Main Hub.
c.
Power cycle the Main Hub.
d.
RAU hardware faults. Try swapping the Cat-5/5E/6 at Expansion Hub with a
good Cat-5/5E/6 cable.
e.
If there is an RF14 Fault and the Cat-5/5E/6 run has an Extender, check that it
is installed correctly. See Section , “Installing a Cat-5 Extender,” on page
7-30.
f.
Try isolating the system components:
– Check to see if the whole system is effected or a portion of the system.
– If the whole system is effected, disconnect the DAS system from the RF
source and see if the RF source is working.
– Continue to isolate by disabling portions of the system. Use the UNIT COMMANDS/SET OUT-OF-SERVICE and SET IN-SERVICE.
9.3.1.2
Fault Indications
Once all of the units are powered on and the cable connections are made, the faults
from each unit can be requested using AdminManager. Start with the Main Hub and
work downstream.
NOTE: AdminManager v2.04 or higher displays events (faults, warnings,
or status messages) depending on your view preference. To change your
view preference, refer to Section 3.4.2, “View Preference,” on page 3-10.
Resolve all faults first and then check the warnings. Take appropriate action to
resolve the faults, as indicated in the following tables. In cases where there is more
than one possible cause, they are listed from the “most likely” to the “least likely”
cause. Actions are listed in the order that they should be performed; not all actions
may need to be done.
Faults messages are displayed in the Messages pane in red lettering.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
9-5
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Troubleshooting
NOTE: If you have a red STATUS LED without a fault message, it probably
indicates that the unit is locked out.
NOTE: The tables below contain messages for all versions of firmware.
Main Hub Faults
Table 9-1
Faults Reported by the Main Hub
Alarm Message
Action
{MF01}Software error occurred and recovered
If this happens repeatedly, replace the MH. (Log entry only.)
{MF02}Software error occurred and recovered
If this happens repeatedly, replace the MH. (Log entry only.)
{MF03}Software error occurred and recovered
If this happens repeatedly, replace the MH. (Log entry only.)
{MF04}Software error occurred and recovered
If this happens repeatedly, replace the MH. (Log entry only.)
{MF05}Software error occurred and recovered
If this happens repeatedly, replace the MH. (Log entry only.)
{MF06}MH power cycle
If AC mains are not cycled, replace the MH.
{MF09}Temperature is high
Replace the Main Hub if there is fan failure. Check fan for rotation, airflow
blockage, and dust. Check room environmental controls.
{MF10} System Error Lockout
Check MH faults, system is out of service due to an MH fault.
{MF11} Commanded Out-of-Service
Command In-Service to restore operation.
{MF13}Hardware failure (Power Supply)
Replace the MH.
{MF14}Hardware failure (DL Laser)
Replace the MH.
{MF15}Failed to perform system test (PLL
unlock)
Unable to perform system end-to-end test, replace the MH when possible.
{MF17}Hardware failure (SPI)
Cycle power once. If fault persists, replace the MH.
{MF18}Hardware failure (DL PLL Unlock)
Cycle power once. If fault persists, replace the MH.
{MF19}Hardware failure (DL PLL Unlock)
Cycle power once. If fault persists, replace the MH.
{MF20}Hardware failure (DL Pilot PLL
Unlock)
Cycle power once. If fault persists, replace the MH.
{MF21}Hardware failure (UL PLL Unlock)
Cycle power once. If fault persists, replace the MH.
{MF22}Hardware failure (UL PLL Unlock)
Cycle power once. If fault persists, replace the MH.
{MF23}Hardware failure (UL PLL Unlock)
Cycle power once. If fault persists, replace the MH.
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InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
Troubleshooting
Table 9-1
Faults Reported by the Main Hub (continued)
{MF24}Frequency band not programmed
Use AdminManager to program the frequency band.
{MF25}Hardware failure (DL Pilot too
low)
Cycle power once. If fault persists, replace the MH.
{MF26}Hardware failure (DL Pilot too
high)
Cycle power once. If fault persists, replace the MH.
{MF27}Failed to perform system test (Test
tone too high)
Unable to perform system end-to-end test, replace the Main Hub when possible.
{MF28}Failed to perform system test (Test
tone too low)
Unable to perform system end-to-end test, replace the Main Hub when possible.
{MF29}Hardware failure (DL Path)
Replace the Main Hub.
{MF30}Hardware failure (UL Path)
Re-run system test. Swap first two EHs and re-run system test. If fault persists,
replace the MH when possible.
{MF33}Port 1 UL RF path has excessive
gain
If fault common to more than one port, replace the MH. If only one port has the
fault, try another MH port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the MH when possible. Otherwise, replace the EH.
{MF34} Port 2 UL RF path has excessive
gain
If fault common to more than one port, replace the MH. If only one port has the
fault, try another MH port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the MH when possible. Otherwise, replace the EH.
{MF35} Port 3 UL RF path has excessive
gain
If fault common to more than one port, replace the MH. If only one port has the
fault, try another MH port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the MH when possible. Otherwise, replace the EH.
{MF36} Port 4 UL RF path has excessive
gain
If fault common to more than one port, replace the MH. If only one port has the
fault, try another MH port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the MH when possible. Otherwise, replace the EH.
{MF37} Port 1 UL RF path loss is too high
The uplink RF loss is above the recommended minimum. If codes MS13-MS16
are also present, the fiber is the most likely problem. Clean the fiber ports and
connectors. Ensure that the fiber connector is correctly seated.
If codes MS13-MS16 are not present, disconnect both downlink and uplink
fiber at the Main Hub. Wait 10 seconds, then re-connect downlink and uplink
fiber.
If fault common to more than one port, replace the MH. If only one port has the
fault, try another MH port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the MH when possible. Otherwise, replace the EH.
{MF38} Port 2 UL RF path loss is too high
The uplink RF loss is above the recommended minimum. If codes MS13-MS16
are also present, the fiber is the most likely problem. Clean the fiber ports and
connectors. Ensure that the fiber connector is correctly seated.
If codes MS13-MS16 are not present, disconnect both downlink and uplink
fiber at the Main Hub. Wait 10 seconds, then re-connect downlink and uplink
fiber.
If fault common to more than one port, replace the MH. If only one port has the
fault, try another MH port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the MH when possible. Otherwise, replace the EH.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
9-7
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Troubleshooting
Table 9-1
{MF39} Port 3 UL RF path loss is too high
Faults Reported by the Main Hub (continued)
The uplink RF loss is above the recommended minimum. If codes MS13-MS16
are also present, the fiber is the most likely problem. Clean the fiber ports and
connectors. Ensure that the fiber connector is correctly seated.
If codes MS13-MS16 are not present, disconnect both downlink and uplink
fiber at the Main Hub. Wait 10 seconds, then re-connect downlink and uplink
fiber.
If fault common to more than one port, replace the MH. If only one port has the
fault, try another MH port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the MH when possible. Otherwise, replace the EH.
{MF40} Port 4 UL RF path loss is too high
The uplink RF loss is above the recommended minimum. If codes MS13-MS16
are also present, the fiber is the most likely problem. Clean the fiber ports and
connectors. Ensure that the fiber connector is correctly seated.
If codes MS13-MS16 are not present, disconnect both downlink and uplink
fiber at the Main Hub. Wait 10 seconds, then re-connect downlink and uplink
fiber.
If fault common to more than one port, replace the MH. If only one port has the
fault, try another MH port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the MH when possible. Otherwise, replace the EH.
{MF41}No communication with EH 1
If fault common to more than one port, replace the MH. If only one port has the
fault, try another MH port. If no fault is reported, the MH fiber port is dirty or
bad. Clean DL & UL fiber ports on both the MH and EH. Measure DL & UL
optical loss. Check for flat polished fiber connectors. Replace the EH.
{MF42}No communication with EH 2
If fault common to more than one port, replace the MH. If only one port has the
fault, try another MH port. If no fault is reported, the MH fiber port is dirty or
bad. Clean DL & UL fiber ports on both the MH and EH. Measure DL & UL
optical loss. Check for flat polished fiber connectors. Replace the EH.
{MF43}No communication with EH 3
If fault common to more than one port, replace the MH. If only one port has the
fault, try another MH port. If no fault is reported, the MH fiber port is dirty or
bad. Clean DL & UL fiber ports on both the MH and EH. Measure DL & UL
optical loss. Check for flat polished fiber connectors. Replace the EH.
{MF44}No communication with EH 4
If fault common to more than one port, replace the MH. If only one port has the
fault, try another MH port. If no fault is reported, the MH fiber port is dirty or
bad. Clean DL & UL fiber ports on both the MH and EH. Measure DL & UL
optical loss. Check for flat polished fiber connectors. Replace the EH.
{MF45}EH 1 disconnected
Try another port. If no connection, cycle EH power and confirm UL STATUS
LED is green for 90 seconds. Check UL fiber connection(s). Clean fiber connectors and ports on MH and EH. Measure UL optical loss. Use “Clear All Disconnect Status” command to clear fault, or physically connect the EH.
{MF46}EH 2 disconnected
Try another port. If no connection, cycle EH power and confirm UL STATUS
LED is green for 90 seconds. Check UL fiber connection(s). Clean fiber connectors and ports on MH and EH. Measure UL optical loss. Use “Clear All Disconnect Status” command to clear fault, or physically connect the EH.
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D-620003-0-20 Rev K
Troubleshooting
Table 9-1
Faults Reported by the Main Hub (continued)
{MF47}EH 3 disconnected
Try another port. If no connection, cycle EH power and confirm UL STATUS
LED is green for 90 seconds. Check UL fiber connection(s). Clean fiber connectors and ports on MH and EH. Measure UL optical loss. Use “Clear All Disconnect Status” command to clear fault, or physically connect the EH.
{MF48}EH 4 disconnected
Try another port. If no connection, cycle EH power and confirm UL STATUS
LED is green for 90 seconds. Check UL fiber connection(s). Clean fiber connectors and ports on MH and EH. Measure UL optical loss. Use “Clear All Disconnect Status” command to clear fault, or physically connect the EH.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
9-9
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Troubleshooting
Expansion Hub Faults
Table 9-2
Faults Reported by the Expansion Hub
Alarm Message
Action
{EF01}Software error occurred and recovered
If this happens repeatedly, replace the EH. (Log entry only.)
{EF02}Software error occurred and recovered
If this happens repeatedly, replace the EH. (Log entry only.)
{EF03}Software error occurred and recovered
If this happens repeatedly, replace the EH. (Log entry only.)
{EF04}Software error occurred and recovered
If this happens repeatedly, replace the EH. (Log entry only.)
{EF05}Software error occurred and recovered
If this happens repeatedly, replace the EH. (Log entry only.)
{EF06}Hardware failure (SPI)
Cycle power once. If fault persists, replace the EH.
{EF07}Temperature is too high
Replace the EH if fan failure. Check fan for rotation, airflow blockage, and
dust. Check room environmental controls.
{EF08}Frequency band not programmed
Use AdminManager to program the frequency band.
{EF09}Hardware failure (PLL Unlock)
If fault common to more than one EH, replace the MH. If only one EH has the
fault, try another MH port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the MH when possible. Otherwise, replace the EH.
{EF10}Excessive DL optical loss
Normally this fault is only logged because the optical loss is below the absolute
minimum. EH DL LED is red.
Clean fiber connectors and ports, and check DL cable for excessive optical loss.
If fault common to more than one EH, replace the MH. If only one EH has the
fault, try another port on the MH. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port
as unusable and replace the MH when possible. Otherwise, replace the EH.
{EF11}The DL RF path has excessive gain
If fault common to more than one EH, replace the MH. If only one EH has the
fault, try another MH port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the MH when possible. Otherwise, replace the EH.
{EF12}The DL RF path loss is too high
Clean fiber connectors and ports, and check DL cable for excessive optical loss.
If fault common to more than one EH, replace the MH. If only one EH has the
fault, try another port on the MH. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port
as unusable and replace the MH when possible. Otherwise, replace the EH.
{EF13}Hardware failure possibly resulting
in degraded performance
Replace the EH.
{EF14}Hardware failure possibly resulting
in degraded performance
Replace the EH.
{EF15}Hardware failure (UL Laser)
Replace the EH.
{EF16}No MH communications
Clean fiber connectors and ports, and check cables for excessive optical loss. If
fault common to more than one EH, replace the MH. If only one EH has the
fault, try another port on the MH. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port
as unusable and replace the MH when possible. Otherwise, replace the EH.
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D-620003-0-20 Rev K
Troubleshooting
Table 9-2
Faults Reported by the Expansion Hub (continued)
{EF17}RAU 1 disconnected
Check Cat-5/5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new install. Try another
EH port. If no fault is reported flag the previous port as unusable and replace
the EH when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU. Use “Clear All Disconnect
Status” command to clear fault, or physically connect the RAU.
{EF18}RAU 2 disconnected
Check Cat-5/5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new install. Try another
EH port. If no fault is reported flag the previous port as unusable and replace
the EH when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU. Use “Clear All Disconnect
Status” command to clear fault, or physically connect the RAU.
{EF19}RAU 3 disconnected
Check Cat-5/5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new install. Try another
EH port. If no fault is reported flag the previous port as unusable and replace
the EH when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU. Use “Clear All Disconnect
Status” command to clear fault, or physically connect the RAU.
{EF20}RAU 4 disconnected
Check Cat-5/5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new install. Try another
EH port. If no fault is reported flag the previous port as unusable and replace
the EH when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU. Use “Clear All Disconnect
Status” command to clear fault, or physically connect the RAU.
{EF21}RAU 5 disconnected
Check Cat-5/5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new install. Try another
EH port. If no fault is reported flag the previous port as unusable and replace
the EH when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU. Use “Clear All Disconnect
Status” command to clear fault, or physically connect the RAU.
{EF22}RAU 6 disconnected
Check Cat-5/5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new install. Try another
EH port. If no fault is reported flag the previous port as unusable and replace
the EH when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU. Use “Clear All Disconnect
Status” command to clear fault, or physically connect the RAU.
{EF23}RAU 7 disconnected
Check Cat-5/5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new install. Try another
EH port. If no fault is reported flag the previous port as unusable and replace
the EH when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU. Use “Clear All Disconnect
Status” command to clear fault, or physically connect the RAU.
{EF24}RAU 8 disconnected
Check Cat-5/5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new install. Try another
EH port. If no fault is reported flag the previous port as unusable and replace
the EH when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU. Use “Clear All Disconnect
Status” command to clear fault, or physically connect the RAU.
{EF25}Port 1 UL RF path loss is too high
CAT-5 cable is poorly terminated, re-crimp the connector; no RF uplink is
detected at all.
Check Cat-5E/6 cable loss, especially on new install. Check Cat-5 Extender, if
present. If fault present on all EH ports, replace the EH. Otherwise, try another
EH port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace
the EH when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU.
{EF26} Port 2 UL RF path loss is too high
CAT-5 cable is poorly terminated, re-crimp the connector; no RF uplink is
detected at all.
Check Cat-5E/6 cable loss, especially on new install. Check Cat-5 Extender, if
present. If fault present on all EH ports, replace the EH. Otherwise, try another
EH port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace
the EH when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
9-11
CONFIDENTIAL
Troubleshooting
Table 9-2
{EF27} Port 3 UL RF path loss is too high
Faults Reported by the Expansion Hub (continued)
CAT-5 cable is poorly terminated, re-crimp the connector; no RF uplink is
detected at all.
Check Cat-5E/6 cable loss, especially on new install. Check Cat-5 Extender, if
present. If fault present on all EH ports, replace the EH. Otherwise, try another
EH port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace
the EH when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU.
{EF28} Port 4 UL RF path loss is too high
CAT-5 cable is poorly terminated, re-crimp the connector; no RF uplink is
detected at all.
Check Cat-5E/6 cable loss, especially on new install. Check Cat-5 Extender, if
present. If fault present on all EH ports, replace the EH. Otherwise, try another
EH port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace
the EH when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU.
{EF29} Port 5 UL RF path loss is too high
CAT-5 cable is poorly terminated, re-crimp the connector; no RF uplink is
detected at all.
Check Cat-5E/6 cable loss, especially on new install. Check Cat-5 Extender, if
present. If fault present on all EH ports, replace the EH. Otherwise, try another
EH port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace
the EH when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU.
{EF30} Port 6 UL RF path loss is too high
CAT-5 cable is poorly terminated, re-crimp the connector; no RF uplink is
detected at all.
Check Cat-5E/6 cable loss, especially on new install. Check Cat-5 Extender, if
present. If fault present on all EH ports, replace the EH. Otherwise, try another
EH port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace
the EH when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU.
{EF31} Port 7 UL RF path loss is too high
CAT-5 cable is poorly terminated, re-crimp the connector; no RF uplink is
detected at all.
Check Cat-5E/6 cable loss, especially on new install. Check Cat-5 Extender, if
present. If fault present on all EH ports, replace the EH. Otherwise, try another
EH port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace
the EH when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU.
{EF32} Port 8 UL RF path loss is too high
CAT-5 cable is poorly terminated, re-crimp the connector; no RF uplink is
detected at all.
Check Cat-5E/6 cable loss, especially on new install. Check Cat-5 Extender, if
present. If fault present on all EH ports, replace the EH. Otherwise, try another
EH port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace
the EH when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU.
{EF33}Port 1 DL RF path too low
Try another port, if fault persists replace the EH. Otherwise, flag previous port
as unusable and replace the EH when possible
{EF34}Port 2 DL RF path too low
Try another port, if fault persists replace the EH. Otherwise, flag previous port
as unusable and replace the EH when possible
{EF35}Port 3 DL RF path too low
Try another port, if fault persists replace the EH. Otherwise, flag previous port
as unusable and replace the EH when possible
{EF36}Port 4 DL RF path too low
Try another port, if fault persists replace the EH. Otherwise, flag previous port
as unusable and replace the EH when possible
9-12
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D-620003-0-20 Rev K
Troubleshooting
Table 9-2
Faults Reported by the Expansion Hub (continued)
{EF37}Port 5 DL RF path too low
Try another port, if fault persists replace the EH. Otherwise, flag previous port
as unusable and replace the EH when possible
{EF38}Port 6 DL RF path too low
Try another port, if fault persists replace the EH. Otherwise, flag previous port
as unusable and replace the EH when possible
{EF39}Port 7 DL RF path too low
Try another port, if fault persists replace the EH. Otherwise, flag previous port
as unusable and replace the EH when possible
{EF40}Port 8 DL RF path too low
Try another port, if fault persists replace the EH. Otherwise, flag previous port
as unusable and replace the EH when possible
{EF41}No communication with RAU 1
Check Cat-5/5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new install. Try another
EH port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace
the EH when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU.
{EF42}No communication with RAU 2
Check Cat-5/5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new install. Try another
EH port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace
the EH when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU.
{EF43}No communication with RAU 3
Check Cat-5/5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new install. Try another
EH port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace
the EH when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU.
{EF44}No communication with RAU 4
Check Cat-5/5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new install. Try another
EH port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace
the EH when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU.
{EF45}No communication with RAU 5
Check Cat-5/5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new install. Try another
EH port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace
the EH when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU.
{EF46}No communication with RAU 6
Check Cat-5/5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new install. Try another
EH port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace
the EH when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU.
{EF47}No communication with RAU 7
Check Cat-5/5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new install. Try another
EH port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace
the EH when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU.
{EF48}No communication with RAU 8
Check Cat-5/5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new install. Try another
EH port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace
the EH when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU.
{EF49}RAU 1 over current
Port power trip. Disconnect the CAT-5 cable and issue 'Clear All Disconnects'
command. The EH port LEDs should be Off/Off. If they are not, the port has
been damaged and can no longer be used. Check the CAT-5 cable, re-crimp the
connector. If the fault persists, replace the RAU.
Check Cat-5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new install. Try another
EH port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace
the EH when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU. Use “Clear All Disconnect
Status” command to clear fault, or power-cycle the EH.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
9-13
CONFIDENTIAL
Troubleshooting
Table 9-2
{EF50}RAU 2 over current
Faults Reported by the Expansion Hub (continued)
Port power trip. Disconnect the CAT-5 cable and issue 'Clear All Disconnects'
command. The EH port LEDs should be Off/Off. If they are not, the port has
been damaged and can no longer be used. Check the CAT-5 cable, re-crimp the
connector. If the fault persists, replace the RAU.
Check Cat-5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new install. Try another
EH port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace
the EH when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU. Use “Clear All Disconnect
Status” command to clear fault, or power-cycle the EH.
{EF51}RAU 3 over current
Port power trip. Disconnect the CAT-5 cable and issue 'Clear All Disconnects'
command. The EH port LEDs should be Off/Off. If they are not, the port has
been damaged and can no longer be used. Check the CAT-5 cable, re-crimp the
connector. If the fault persists, replace the RAU.
Check Cat-5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new install. Try another
EH port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace
the EH when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU. Use “Clear All Disconnect
Status” command to clear fault, or power-cycle the EH.
{EF52}RAU 4 over current
Port power trip. Disconnect the CAT-5 cable and issue 'Clear All Disconnects'
command. The EH port LEDs should be Off/Off. If they are not, the port has
been damaged and can no longer be used. Check the CAT-5 cable, re-crimp the
connector. If the fault persists, replace the RAU.
Check Cat-5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new install. Try another
EH port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace
the EH when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU. Use “Clear All Disconnect
Status” command to clear fault, or power-cycle the EH.
{EF53}RAU 5 over current
Port power trip. Disconnect the CAT-5 cable and issue 'Clear All Disconnects'
command. The EH port LEDs should be Off/Off. If they are not, the port has
been damaged and can no longer be used. Check the CAT-5 cable, re-crimp the
connector. If the fault persists, replace the RAU.
Check Cat-5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new install. Try another
EH port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace
the EH when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU. Use “Clear All Disconnect
Status” command to clear fault, or power-cycle the EH.
{EF54}RAU 6 over current
Port power trip. Disconnect the CAT-5 cable and issue 'Clear All Disconnects'
command. The EH port LEDs should be Off/Off. If they are not, the port has
been damaged and can no longer be used. Check the CAT-5 cable, re-crimp the
connector. If the fault persists, replace the RAU.
Check Cat-5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new install. Try another
EH port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace
the EH when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU. Use “Clear All Disconnect
Status” command to clear fault, or power-cycle the EH.
9-14
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Troubleshooting
Table 9-2
{EF55}RAU 7 over current
Faults Reported by the Expansion Hub (continued)
Port power trip. Disconnect the CAT-5 cable and issue 'Clear All Disconnects'
command. The EH port LEDs should be Off/Off. If they are not, the port has
been damaged and can no longer be used. Check the CAT-5 cable, re-crimp the
connector. If the fault persists, replace the RAU.
Check Cat-5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new install. Try another
EH port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace
the EH when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU. Use “Clear All Disconnect
Status” command to clear fault, or power-cycle the EH.
{EF56}RAU 8 over current
Port power trip. Disconnect the CAT-5 cable and issue 'Clear All Disconnects'
command. The EH port LEDs should be Off/Off. If they are not, the port has
been damaged and can no longer be used. Check the CAT-5 cable, re-crimp the
connector. If the fault persists, replace the RAU.
Check Cat-5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new install. Try another
EH port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace
the EH when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU. Use “Clear All Disconnect
Status” command to clear fault, or power-cycle the EH.
{EF60} Internal fault lockout
Check the EH for faults. EH/RAUs are out of service on command from the
EH.
{EF61} External fault lockout
Check the MH for faults. The EH/RAUs are out of service on command of the
MH.
{EF62 Commanded Out-of-Service
Command In-Service to restore operation.
{EF63} 36 VAC Shutdown
36 VAC shutdown due to EH over temperature. Automatic recovery is possible
when internal ambient temperature drops below 65 degrees Centigrade.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
9-15
CONFIDENTIAL
Troubleshooting
Remote Access Unit Faults
Table 9-3
Faults Reported by the RAU
Alarm Message
Action
{RF01}Software error occurred and recovered
If this happens repeatedly, replace the RAU. (Log entry only.)
{RF02}Software error occurred and recovered
If this happens repeatedly, replace the RAU. (Log entry only.)
{RF03}Software error occurred and recovered
If this happens repeatedly, replace the RAU. (Log entry only.)
{RF04}Software error occurred and recovered
If this happens repeatedly, replace the RAU. (Log entry only.)
{RF05}Software error occurred and recovered
If this happens repeatedly, replace the RAU. (Log entry only.)
{RF06}Hardware failure (SPI)
Cycle the power once. If the fault persists, replace the RAU
{RF09}Temperature is too high
Check for proper installation. Check environmental controls, move the RAU to
a cooler environment.
{RF10}DC Power supplied by the
EH/Accel Hub is too low
Check the CAT-5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new installations.
Check the CAT-5 Extender, if present. If the fault is common to more than one
RAU, replace the EH/Accel Hub. Try another port. If no fault is reported, flag
the previous port as unusable and replace the Hub when possible. Otherwise,
replace the RAU.
{RF11}DC Power supplied by the
EH/Accel Hub is too high
Check the CAT-5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new installation.
Check the CAT-5 Extender, if present. If the fault is common to more than one
RAU, replace the EH/Accel Hub. Try another port. If no fault is reported, flag
the previous port as unusable and replace the Hub when possible. Otherwise,
replace the RAU.
{RF12}Hardware failure (PA)
Replace the RAU.
{RF13}Hardware failure (PA)
Replace the RAU.
{RF14}Hardware failure (PLL Unlock)
Check the CAT-5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new installations.
Check the CAT-5 Extender, if present. If the fault is common to more than one
RAU, replace the EH/Accel Hub. Try another port. If no fault is reported, flag
the previous port as unusable and replace the Hub when possible. Otherwise,
replace the RAU.
{RF15}The DL RF path loss is too high
Check the CAT-5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new installations.
Check the CAT-5 Extender, if present. If the fault is common to more than one
RAU, replace the EH/Accel Hub. Try another port. If no fault is reported, flag
the previous port as unusable and replace the Hub when possible. Otherwise,
replace the RAU.
{RF16} DL RF path operating at minimum
gain
Check the CAT-5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new installations.
Check the CAT-5 Extender, if present, and validate that minimum cable length
requirements are met. If the fault is common to more than one RAU, replace the
EH/Accel Hub. Try another port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port
as unusable and replace the Hub when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU.
{RF17}Hardware failure
Replace the RAU
9-16
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D-620003-0-20 Rev K
Troubleshooting
Table 9-3
Faults Reported by the RAU (continued)
{RF18}Potential failure in the UL RF path
Unable to complete the system end-to-end. Replace the RAU when possible.
{RF19}Potential failure in the DL RF path
Unable to complete the system end-to-end test. Check the RAU termination at
the SMA connector and re-test it. Replace the RAU if there are no Hub alarms.
{RF20}No communications with the
EH/Accel Hub
Check the CAT-5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new installations.
Check the CAT-5 Extender, if present. If the fault is common to more than one
RAU, replace the EH/Accel Hub. Try another port. If no fault is reported, flag
the previous port as unusable and replace the Hub when possible. Otherwise,
replace the RAU.
{RF21}The DL RF path loss is above the
recommended limit
Check the CAT-5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new installations.
Check the CAT-5 Extender, if present. If the fault is common to more than one
RAU, replace the EH/Accel Hub. Try another port. If no fault is reported, flag
the previous port as unusable and replace the Hub when possible. Otherwise,
replace the RAU.
{RF22}Frequency band not programmed
Use AdminManager to check band support in the RAU. Cycle power once. If
the fault persists, replace the RAU.
{RF23}Commanded Out-of-Service
Command In-Service to restore service.
{RF24}External fault lockout
Check the Hubs for faults. The RAU is out of service on command from the
Hub.
{RF25}Internal fault lockout
Check RAU faults. The RAU is out of service.
9.3.1.3
Warning Indications
Warnings alert you to conditions that indicate possible service impact. Warnings are
displayed in the Messages pane in orange lettering.
NOTE: AdminManager v2.04 or higher displays events (faults, warnings,
or status messages) depending on your view preference. To change your
view preference, refer to Section 3.4.2, “View Preference,” on page 3-10.
Before addressing warnings, ensure that all faults are resolved. Take appropriate
action to resolve the warnings, as indicated in the following tables.
Main Hub Warnings
Table 9-4
Warnings Reported by the Main Hub
Warning Message
Action
{MW01}DL signal from RF source is
excessive
Reduce DL signal from RF source (base station or bi-directional amplifier).
{MW02}Temperature is high
Replace the MH if there is fan failure. Check fan rotation, airflow blockage,
and dust. Check room environmental controls.
{MW20}Hardware failure (DL Path)
Replace the MH when possible.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
9-17
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Troubleshooting
Table 9-4
Warnings Reported by the Main Hub (continued)
{MW21}Hardware failure (UL Path)
Re-run system test. If warning persists, move EH to another port and re-run
system test. If warning persists, replace the MH when possible.
{MW22}Hardware failure (DL Pilot too
low)
Cycle power once. If warning persists, replace the MH when possible.
{MW25}Port 1 UL RF path has excessive
gain
If the warning is common to more than one port, replace the MH when possible. If only one port has the warning, try another MH port. If no warning is
reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the MH when possible.
Otherwise, replace the EH when possible.
{MW26}Port 2 UL RF path has excessive
gain
If the warning is common to more than one port, replace the MH when possible. If only one port has the warning, try another MH port. If no warning is
reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the MH when possible.
Otherwise, replace the EH when possible.
{MW27}Port 3 UL RF path has excessive
gain
If the warning is common to more than one port, replace the MH when possible. If only one port has the warning, try another MH port. If no warning is
reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the MH when possible.
Otherwise, replace the EH when possible.
{MW28}Port 4 UL RF path has excessive
gain
If the warning is common to more than one port, replace the MH when possible. If only one port has the warning, try another MH port. If no warning is
reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the MH when possible.
Otherwise, replace the EH when possible.
{MW29}Port 1 UL RF path is too high
Uplink RF loss is above the recommended minimum. If codes MS13-MS16 is
also present, the fiber is the most likely problem. Clean the fiber ports and connectors. Ensure that the fiber connector is correctly seated.
If codes MS13-MS16 are not present, disconnect both downlink and uplink
fiber at the Main Hub. Wait 10 seconds, then re-connect downlink and uplink
fiber.
If the warning is common to more than one port, replace the MH when possible. If only one port has the warning, try another MH port. If no warning is
reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the MH when possible.
Clean the optical connectors and ports. If the warning persists, replace the EH
when possible.
{MW30}Port 2 UL RF path is too high
Uplink RF loss is above the recommended minimum. If codes MS13-MS16 is
also present, the fiber is the most likely problem. Clean the fiber ports and connectors. Ensure that the fiber connector is correctly seated.
If codes MS13-MS16 are not present, disconnect both downlink and uplink
fiber at the Main Hub. Wait 10 seconds, then re-connect downlink and uplink
fiber.
If the warning is common to more than one port, replace the MH when possible. If only one port has the warning, try another MH port. If no warning is
reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the MH when possible.
Clean the optical connectors and ports. If the warning persists, replace the EH
when possible.
9-18
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Troubleshooting
Table 9-4
{MW31}Port 3 UL RF path is too high
Warnings Reported by the Main Hub (continued)
Uplink RF loss is above the recommended minimum. If codes MS13-MS16 is
also present, the fiber is the most likely problem. Clean the fiber ports and connectors. Ensure that the fiber connector is correctly seated.
If codes MS13-MS16 are not present, disconnect both downlink and uplink
fiber at the Main Hub. Wait 10 seconds, then re-connect downlink and uplink
fiber.
If the warning is common to more than one port, replace the MH when possible. If only one port has the warning, try another MH port. If no warning is
reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the MH when possible.
Clean the optical connectors and ports. If the warning persists, replace the EH
when possible.
{MW32}Port 4 UL RF path is too high
Uplink RF loss is above the recommended minimum. If codes MS13-MS16 is
also present, the fiber is the most likely problem. Clean the fiber ports and connectors. Ensure that the fiber connector is correctly seated.
If codes MS13-MS16 are not present, disconnect both downlink and uplink
fiber at the Main Hub. Wait 10 seconds, then re-connect downlink and uplink
fiber.
If the warning is common to more than one port, replace the MH when possible. If only one port has the warning, try another MH port. If no warning is
reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the MH when possible.
Clean the optical connectors and ports. If the warning persists, replace the EH
when possible.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
9-19
CONFIDENTIAL
Troubleshooting
Expansion Hub Warnings
Table 9-5
Warnings Reported by the Expansion Hub
Warning Message
Action
{EW21}The DL RF path has excessive gain
If the warning is common to more than one EH, replace the MH. If only one EH
has the warning, try another MH port. If no warning is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the MH when possible. Otherwise, replace the
EH when possible.
{EW22}The DL RF path loss is too high
Downlink RF loss is above the recommended minimum. If ES01 is also
present, the fiber is the most likely problem. Clean the fiber ports and connectors. Ensure the fiber is correctly seated.
If ES01 is not present, disconnect both downlink and uplink fiber at the Main
Hub. Wait 10 seconds, then re-connect downlink and uplink fiber.
Check the DL cable for excessive optical loss. If the warning is common to
more than one EH, replace the MH when possible. If only one EH has the warning, try another port on the MH. If no warning is reported, flag the previous
port as unusable and replace the MH when possible. Otherwise, replace the EH
when possible
{EW23}Hardware problem. Possible
degraded performance
Replace the EH when possible.
{EW24}Hardware problem. Possible
degraded performance
Replace the EH when possible.
{EW33}Contact closure 1 warning active
Contact closure 1 indicates an active warning. AC may have failed.
{EW34}Contact closure 2 warning active
Contact closure 2 indicates an active warning. UPS battery may be low.
{EW35}Contact closure 3 warning active
Contact closure 3 indicates an active warning.
Note: * applies to Firmware version 5.1 or earlier
9-20
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D-620003-0-20 Rev K
Troubleshooting
Remote Access Unit Warnings
Table 9-6
Warnings Reported by the RAU
Warning Message
Action
{RW17}The DL RF path loss is too high
CAT-5 cable is poorly terminated, re-crimp the connector; no RF uplink is
detected at all.
Check the CAT-5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new installations.
Check the CAT-5 Extender, if present. If the warning is common to more than
one RAU, replace the EH/Accel Hub. Try another port. If no warning is
reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the Hub when possible.
Otherwise, replace the RAU when possible.
{RW18}DL RF path operating at minimum
gain
Check CAT-5E/6 cable loss, especially on new installations. Check the CAT-5
Extender, if present, and validate that minimum cable length requirements are
met. If the warning is common to more than one RAU, replace the EH/Accel
Hub when possible. Try another port. If no warning is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the Hub when possible. Otherwise, replace the
RAU when possible.
{RW19}Antenna Disconnected
Check the antenna connection and rerun the system test. (You can select the
antenna disconnect reporting for status or warning.)
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
9-21
CONFIDENTIAL
Troubleshooting
9.3.1.4
Status Messages
Status messages alert you to conditions that are important but do not generally impact
service. Status messages are displayed in the Messages pane in blue lettering.
NOTE: AdminManager v2.04 or higher displays events (faults, warnings,
or status messages) depending on your view preference. To change your
view preference, refer to Section 3.4.2, “View Preference,” on page 3-10.
NOTE: The icons displayed in the system status tree assume that there are
no other faults or warnings present.
Main Hub Status Messages
Table 9-7
Status Message
Status Messages Reported by the Main Hub
Action
[MS03]Downlink laser is failing
Replace the MH when possible.
[MS04]Fan failure
Check the fan for rotation, airflow blockage, and dust. Replace the MH on high
temperature warning.
[MS05]Commanded Out-of-Service
Command In-service to restore operation.
[MS06]Factory special test mode
Cycle the power to clear.
[MS07]System Lockout
Check the MH for faults.
[MS08]Unable to perform system test on
power up
Check the EHs and RAUs for faults. Re-run system test.
[MS09]EH1/RAU reports warning condition
Check EH 1 and the RAU for warnings.
[MS10]EH2/RAU reports warning condition
Check EH 2 and the RAU for warnings.
[MS11]EH3/RAU reports warning condition
Check EH 3 and the RAU for warnings.
[MS12]EH4/RAU reports warning condition
Check EH 4 and the RAU for warnings.
[MS13]Port 1 UL fiber interface has high
optical loss
Uplink optical loss is above the recommended minimum. If periodic messages
MF45-MF48 (EH disconnects) occur, the fiber optical loss is near the absolute
minimum.
Excessive uplink optical loss may also result in MW29-MF32 codes.
Clean the fiber cable connectors and ports.
9-22
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D-620003-0-20 Rev K
Troubleshooting
Table 9-7
[MS14]Port 2 UL fiber interface has high
optical loss
Status Messages Reported by the Main Hub (continued)
Uplink optical loss is above the recommended minimum. If periodic messages
MF45-MF48 (EH disconnects) occur, the fiber optical loss is near the absolute
minimum.
Excessive uplink optical loss may also result in MW29-MF32 codes.
Clean the fiber cable connectors and ports.
[MS15]Port 3 UL fiber interface has high
optical loss
Uplink optical loss is above the recommended minimum. If periodic messages
MF45-MF48 (EH disconnects) occur, the fiber optical loss is near the absolute
minimum.
Excessive uplink optical loss may also result in MW29-MF32 codes.
Clean the fiber cable connectors and ports.
[MS16]Port 4 UL fiber interface has high
optical loss
Uplink optical loss is above the recommended minimum. If periodic messages
MF45-MF48 (EH disconnects) occur, the fiber optical loss is near the absolute
minimum.
Excessive uplink optical loss may also result in MW29-MF32 codes.
Clean the fiber cable connectors and ports.
[MS17]Failed to perform system test (PLL
unlock)
Unable to perform system end-to-end test, replace the MH when possible.
[MS18]Failed to perform system test (Test
tone too high)
Unable to perform system end-to-end test, replace the MHb when possible.
[MS19]Failed to perform system test (Test
tone too low)
Unable to perform system end-to-end test, replace the MH when possible.
[MS23] Scheduled system test completed
Scheduled system test completed, log entry only.
[MS33] Time Tagged Log Full
Use AdminManager to dump and save the Time-Tagged Log, then erase it.
[MS34] Time of day not initialized
Use AdminManager to initialize the time and date.
[MS36] Maximum auto-recovery limit
Maximum number of fault/warning auto-recovery attempts. Use AdminManager to “Set In-Service” to allow the MH to attempt additional auto-recovery
attempts.
NOTE: If your equipment is using release 3.1 firmware, the
instead of
, except for “unable to perform system test on power up”.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
icon is displayed
9-23
CONFIDENTIAL
Troubleshooting
Expansion Hub Status Messages
Table 9-8
Status Messages Reported by the Expansion Hub
Status Message
Action
[ES01]The DL fiber interface has high optical loss
Downlink optical loss is above THE recommended minimum. If codes
MF41-MF44 (EH no communications) are observed, the fiber optical loss is
near the absolute minimum.
Excessive downlink optical loss may also result with ES02/EW22 codes
Clean the fiber connectors and ports, and check the DL cable for excessive
optical loss.
[ES02]The DL RF path loss is above the
recommended limit
Downlink RF loss is above the recommended minimum. If ES01 is also
present, the fiber is the most likely problem. Clean the fiber ports and connectors. Ensure the fiber is correctly seated.
If ES01 is not present, disconnect both downlink and uplink fiber at the Main
Hub. Wait 10 seconds, then re-connect downlink and uplink fiber.
[ES03]UL laser is failing
Replace the Expansion Hub when possible.
[ES04]System test required*
Run the system test.
[ES05]Temperature is high
Check the fan for rotation, air flow blockage, and dust. Check the room environmental controls.
[ES06]Fan 1 failure
Check the fan for rotation, air flow blockage, and dust. Replace the EH on temperature fault.
[ES07]Fan 2 failure
Check the fan for rotation, air flow blockage, and dust. Replace the EH on temperature fault.
[ES08]Fan 3 failure
Check the fan for rotation, air flow blockage, and dust. Replace the EH on temperature fault.
[ES09]Port 1 UL RF path loss is above the
recommended limit
Uplink RF is below the recommended minimum; the CAT-5 cable may be
longer than the recommended minimum.
Check the CAT-5E/6 cable, especially on new installations. Check the CAT-5
Extender, if present. Use the CAT-5 Extender to improve coverage.
[ES10]Port 2 UL RF path loss is above the
recommended limit
Uplink RF is below the recommended minimum; the CAT-5 cable may be
longer than the recommended minimum.
Check the CAT-5E/6 cable, especially on new installations. Check the CAT-5
Extender, if present. Use the CAT-5 Extender to improve coverage.
[ES11]Port 3 UL RF path loss is above the
recommended limit
Uplink RF is below the recommended minimum; the CAT-5 cable may be
longer than the recommended minimum.
Check the CAT-5E/6 cable, especially on new installations. Check the CAT-5
Extender, if present. Use the CAT-5 Extender to improve coverage.
[ES12]Port 4 UL RF path loss is above the
recommended limit
Uplink RF is below the recommended minimum; the CAT-5 cable may be
longer than the recommended minimum.
Check the CAT-5E/6 cable, especially on new installations. Check the CAT-5
Extender, if present. Use the CAT-5 Extender to improve coverage.
9-24
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D-620003-0-20 Rev K
Troubleshooting
Table 9-8
[ES13]Port 5 UL RF path loss is above the
recommended limit
Status Messages Reported by the Expansion Hub (continued)
Uplink RF is below the recommended minimum; the CAT-5 cable may be
longer than the recommended minimum.
Check the CAT-5E/6 cable, especially on new installations. Check the CAT-5
Extender, if present. Use the CAT-5 Extender to improve coverage.
[ES14]Port 6 UL RF path loss is above the
recommended limit
Uplink RF is below the recommended minimum; the CAT-5 cable may be
longer than the recommended minimum.
Check the CAT-5E/6 cable, especially on new installations. Check the CAT-5
Extender, if present. Use the CAT-5 Extender to improve coverage.
[ES15]Port 7 UL RF path loss is above the
recommended limit
Uplink RF is below the recommended minimum; the CAT-5 cable may be
longer than the recommended minimum.
Check the CAT-5E/6 cable, especially on new installations. Check the CAT-5
Extender, if present. Use the CAT-5 Extender to improve coverage.
[ES16]Port 8 UL RF path loss is above the
recommended limit
Uplink RF is below the recommended minimum; the CAT-5 cable may be
longer than the recommended minimum.
Check the CAT-5E/6 cable, especially on new installations. Check the CAT-5
Extender, if present. Use the CAT-5 Extender to improve coverage.
[ES17]Commanded Out-of-Service
Command In-service to restore operation.
[ES18]External fault lockout
Check the MH for faults.
[ES20]Factory special test mode
Cycle the power to clear the test mode.
[ES25]Port 1 DL RF path too low
Try another port. If the status persists, replace the EH. Otherwise, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the EH when possible.
[ES26]Port 2 DL RF path too low
Try another port. If the status persists, replace the EH. Otherwise, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the EH when possible.
[ES27]Port 3 DL RF path too low
Try another port. If the status persists, replace the EH. Otherwise, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the EH when possible.
[ES28]Port 4 DL RF path too low
Try another port. If the status persists, replace the EH. Otherwise, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the EH when possible.
[ES29]Port 5 DL RF path too low
Try another port. If the status persists, replace the EH. Otherwise, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the EH when possible.
[ES30]Port 6 DL RF path too low
Try another port. If the status persists, replace the EH. Otherwise, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the EH when possible.
[ES31]Port 7 DL RF path too low
Try another port. If the status persists, replace the EH. Otherwise, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the EH when possible.
[ES32]Port 8 DL RF path too low
Try another port. If the status persists, replace the EH. Otherwise, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the EH when possible.
NOTE: If your equipment is using release 3.1 firmware, the
instead of
, except for “unit not system tested”.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
icon is displayed
9-25
CONFIDENTIAL
Troubleshooting
Remote Access Unit Status Messages
Table 9-9
Status Messages Reported by the RAU
Status Message
Action
[RS01]Temperature is high
Check for proper installation. Check the environmental controls, move the
RAU to a cooler environment.
[RS02]DC voltage is low
Check the CAT-5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new installations.
Check the CAT-5 Extender, if present. If the status message persists, replace
the RAU when possible.
[RS03]Power amplifier is failing
Replace the RAU when possible.
[RS05] The cable loss between EH/Accel
Hub and RAU is above the recommended
limit
The downlink RF is below the recommended minimum; the CAT-5 cable may
be longer than recommended.
[RS06]System test required
Run the system test.
[RS07]Antenna disconnected
Check antenna connection and re-run system test. Note: With Firmware
Release 5.5 and later, this alarm can be configured a either a status or a warning
message (RW19).
[RS09]Commanded Out-of-Service
Command In-service to restore operation. Note: Message displays in Firmware
Release 5.5 or earlier.
[RS10]External fault lockout
Check the Hubs for faults. Note: Message displays in Firmware Release 5.5 or
earlier.
[RS11]Internal fault lockout
Check the RAU faults. The RAU is out-of-service. Note: Message displays in
Firmware Release 5.5 or earlier.
[RS13]DC Power supplied by the Expansion/Accel Hub is too high
Check the CAT-5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new installations.
Check the CAT-5 Extender, if present. If the status is common to more than one
RAU, replace the EH/Accel Hub when possible. Try another port. If no status is
reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the Hub when possible.
Otherwise, replace the RAU when possible.
[RS14]Potential failure in the UL RF path
Unable to complete system end-to-end test. Replace the RAU when possible
[RS15]Potential failure in the DL RF path
Unable to complete system end-to-end test. Check the RAU termination at the
SMA connector and re-test. Replace the RAU if there are no Hub alarms.
[RS16]Factory special test mode
Cycle the power to clear the test mode.
Check the CAT-5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new installations.
Check the CAT-5 Extender, if present. If the status is common to more than one
RAU, replace the EH/Accel Hub when possible. Use the CAT-5 Extender to
improve coverage.
NOTE: If your equipment is using release 3.1 firmware, the
instead of
9-26
CONFIDENTIAL
icon is displayed
, except for “unit not system tested”.
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
Troubleshooting
9.3.2
Troubleshooting using LEDs
The following troubleshooting guide is from the perspective that all Unison equipment is installed, their cables are connected, and they are powered on; it is assumed
that the system was operating normally before the problem to be diagnosed occurred.
(Refer to Section 7 for information on troubleshooting during initial installation of
the system.)
Always use AdminManager, if possible, to troubleshoot the system. The LEDs are for
backup troubleshooting; although, an Expansion Hub uplink laser failure can only be
resolved using the EH UL STATUS LED.
Begin with troubleshooting the Main Hub’s LEDs and then the Expansion Hub’s
LEDs. The RAU LEDs probably will not provide additional information for troubleshooting.
9.3.2.1
Troubleshooting Main Hub LEDs During Normal Operation
• All of the Main Hub’s LEDs should be green during normal operation. If any
LEDs are red, get status using AdminManager to determine the exact cause and
recommendations.
Table 9-10
During
Normal
Operation
Expansion
Hub Not
Connected
Troubleshooting Main Hub Port LEDs During Normal Operation
Main Hub
Port LEDs
State
Action
Impact
LINK
Red
E-HUB/RAU
Off
If the Expansion Hub was disconnected accidentally, re-connect the
cables. The LEDs should change to
Green/Red (then Green/Green, after
20 seconds, if the Main Hub band
has been programmed).
The Expansion Hub was previously
connected, but it is not currently connected; the Expansion Hub uplink
cable disconnected.
When the Expansion Hub is to be
removed from service permanently,
use AdminManager’s ‘Clear All Disconnect Status’ command to clear all
disconnect states to no connect
states.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
AdminManager clears all disconnects
caused by installation as part of the
clean-up process. After installation,
power cycle the Main Hub or use
AdminManager’s “Clear All Disconnect Status” command.
Changes the Main Hub’s port LEDs to
Off/Off.
9-27
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Troubleshooting
Table 9-10
During
Normal
Operation
Expansion
Hub
Connected
Troubleshooting Main Hub Port LEDs During Normal Operation
Main Hub
Port LEDs
State
Action
Impact
LINK
Red
E-HUB/RAU
Off
Use AdminManager to determine the
exact cause of the Main Hub’s faults.
Lost communication with Expansion
Hub; could be Expansion Hub problem
or fiber cable problem.
The Expansion Hub communication
problems delay MH responses to
AdminManager commands, resulting
in command time-outs. You can disconnect the offending Expansion Hub
initially to obtain status from the rest of
the system, then connect the Expansion
Hub and resolve the communication
problem.
LINK
Green
E-HUB/RAU
Red
Table 9-11
During
Normal
Operation
Main Hub
Status
LEDs
At Any
Time
MAIN HUB
STATUS
The Expansion Hub or connected
RAU reports a fault condition; use
AdminManager to determine the
exact cause of the Expansion Hub
and RAU’s faults.
Degraded performance or unit may be
off-line.
Depends on fault condition.
Troubleshooting Main Hub Status LEDs During Normal Operation
State
Action
Impact
Red
Use AdminManager to determine the
exact cause of the fault.
Internal Main Hub fault.
Power cycle one time. If the fault
remains, replace the Main Hub.
Use AdminManager to check if the
Main Hub is commanded
Out-of-Service (every Expansion
Hub port status LED will be red as
well).
The Main Hub and all downstream
units are off-line.
A power cycle will not clear a commanded Out-of-Service, you must
use AdminManager to clear this
state.
MAIN HUB
STATUS
Alternating
Red/Green
Reduce input signal power.
Signal compression.
Note: * applies to earlier firmware versions.
9-28
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D-620003-0-20 Rev K
Troubleshooting
9.3.2.2
Troubleshooting Expansion Hub LEDs During Normal Operation
• All of the Expansion Hub LINK and E-HUB/RAU LEDs that have RAUs connected
should be Green/Green, indicating that the RAU is powered on, communication is
established, and operation is normal.
• The POWER, EHUB STATUS, DL STATUS, and UL STATUS LEDs should all be
Green.
Troubleshooting Expansion Hub Port LEDs During Normal
Table 9-12
Operation
During
Expansion
Normal
Note: * applies to Hub
earlierPort
firmware versions.
Operation
LEDs
State
Action
RAU is not
connected
LINK
Red
RAU
Off
If the RAU was disconnected accidentally, re-connect the
CAT-5/5E/6 cable. The Expansion
Hub’s port LEDs should change to
Green/Red (then Green/Green,
after 20 seconds, if the Main Hub is
connected, powered on, and has
band programmed).
Impact
The RAU was previously connected, but
it is not currently connected; the RAU
cable is disconnected.
Use AdminManager’s “Clear All
Disconnect Status” command if
you are permanently removing the
RAU from service. The Expansion
Hub’s port LEDs should change to
Off/Off.
RAU is
connected
LINK
Red
RAU
Off
LINK
Green
RAU
Red
Disconnect/reconnect the
CAT-5/5E/6 cable to force
power-on reset to the RAU. If the
port LEDs remain Red/Off, check
for the exact cause of Expansion
Hub faults using AdminManager.
Lost communications with the RAU. The
RAU could have powered down due to
over current; cable could have been damaged.
The RAU reports a fault condition;
check for the exact cause of Expansion Hub and RAU faults using
AdminManager.
Depends on the fault condition.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
9-29
CONFIDENTIAL
Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting Expansion Hub Status LEDs During Normal
Table 9-13
Operation
During
Normal
Operation
Expansion
Hub
Status
LEDs
State
Action
Impact
At Any Time
UL STATUS
Red
Check uplink fiber for optical loss.
No communications between the Main
Hub and the Expansion Hub.
Power cycle Expansion Hub one
time to check uplink laser.
Uplink laser failure.
DL STATUS
Red
Check the downlink fiber for optical loss
No communications with the Main Hub.
E-HUB
STATUS
Red
If either the UL STATUS or the DL
STATUS are also red, see above.
Internal Expansion Hub fault (including
either of the above UL STATUS or DL
STATUS states).
Cycle power on the Expansion
Hub. If fault remains, replace the
Expansion Hub.
NOTE: When you power cycle the Expansion Hub the UL STATUS LED should be
green for approximately 90 seconds before it turns red. If it isn’t, replace the Expansion Hub.
9-30
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InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
Troubleshooting CAT-5/5E/6
9.4
Troubleshooting CAT-5/5E/6
Refer to Table A-1 on page A-1 for a description of the CAT-5/5E/6 wire assignment.
The following table summarizes CAT-5/5E/6 problems if a wire is cut or not wired
properly.
Table 9-14
Summary of Cat-5/5E/6 Cable Wiring Problems
Type of
problem
Message
Wire 1 or 2 cut
None
High phase noise, degraded signal on both
Downlink and Uplink (high bit error rate)
Wire 3 or 6 cut
• No communication with RAUn
RAU unable to communicate with EH,
decreased UL gain, or no UL gain
Wire 4 or 5 cut
• Portn UL RF path loss is too high
Increased ripple in the uplink path,
decreased UL gain, or no UL gain
Icon
Icon*
Impact
• Portn UL RF path loss is higher
than recommended
Wire 7 or 8 cut
• The DL RF path loss is too high
Increased ripple in the downlink path,
RAU off-line
• The DL RF path loss is higher than
recommended
Wire 1 to RJ-45
pin 3 or 6
• No communication with RAUn
RAU unable to communicate with EH,
RAU’s RS-485 port damaged, degraded
performance or RAU off-line
Wire 1 to RJ-45
pin 4, 5, 7 or 8
• RAUn over current
RAU will not power on.
Wire 2 to RJ-45
pin 3 or 6
• No communication with RAUn
RAU unable to communicate with EH,
RAU’s RS-485 port damaged, degraded
performance or RAU off-line
Wire 2 to RJ-45
pin 4, 5, 7 or 8
• RAUn over current
RAU will not power on
Wire 3 to RJ-45
pin 4, 5, 7 or 8
• No communication with RAUn
RAU unable to communicate with EH,
degraded performance or RAU off-line
Wire 6 to RJ-45
pin 4, 5, 7 or 8
• No communication with RAUn
RAU unable to communicate with EH,
degraded performance or RAU off-line
Wire 4 to RJ-45
pin 7 or 8
• Portn UL RF path loss is too high
Increased ripple in the downlink and
uplink path, degraded performance or
RAU off-line
• Portn UL RF path loss is higher
than recommended
• The DL RF path loss is too high
• The DL RF path loss is higher than
recommended
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
9-31
CONFIDENTIAL
Troubleshooting CAT-5/5E/6
Table 9-14
Type of
problem
Wire 5 to RJ-45
pin 7 or 8
Summary of Cat-5/5E/6 Cable Wiring Problems (continued)
Message
Icon
• Portn UL RF path loss is too high
• Portn UL RF path loss is higher
than recommended
Icon*
Impact
Increased ripple in the downlink and
uplink path, degraded performance or
RAU off-line
• The DL RF path loss is too high
• The DL RF path loss is higher than
recommended
9-32
CONFIDENTIAL
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
Technical Assistance
9.5
Technical Assistance
Call the LGC Wireless help hot line for technical assistance:
1-800-530-9960 (U.S. only)
+1-408-952-2400 (International)
Leave your name and phone number and an LGC Wireless customer service representative will return your call within an hour. Be prepared to provide the following
information when you receive the return call:
• Company name
• End user name
• Type of system, model number, frequency
• Approximate time in service (warranty), sales order number
• Description of problem
• LED status
• AdminManager faults, warnings, and status messages
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
9-33
CONFIDENTIAL
Technical Assistance
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9-34
CONFIDENTIAL
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
Cables and Connectors
APPENDIX A
A.1
CAT-5E/6 Cable (ScTP)
• Connects the Expansion Hub to the RAU(s)
• Transmits (downlink) and receives (uplink) IF signals
• Delivers DC electrical power to the RAU(s). The Expansion Hub’s DC voltage
output is 36V DC nominal. A current limiting circuit is used to protect the Expansion Hub if it reaches its current limit
• Carries configuration and status information
• Use shielded RJ-45 connectors
• Distances:
• Minimum: 10 meters (33 ft)
• Recommended Maximum: 100 meters (328 ft)
• Absolute Maximum: 150 meters (492 ft)
Refer to Cat-5/5E/6 Cabling Requirements for Unison Family Field Note (FN04-001)
for more information.
There are four separate twisted pairs in one CAT-5E/6 screened twisted pair (ScTP)
cable. The ScTP cable loss described in this document is for CAT-5 Belden 1624P
DataTwist Five cable, or equivalent. Table A-1 lists the functional assignment of the
pairs:
Table A-1
CAT-5E/6 Twisted Pair Assignment
Pair (wire number)
Function
1&2
Clock and Input Voltage
3&6
RS-485
4&5
Uplink IF, UL Pilot and Ground
7&8
Downlink IF, DL Pilot and Ground
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
A-1
CONFIDENTIAL
CAT-5E/6 Cable (ScTP)
All CAT-5E/6 cable must be terminated according to the TIA/EIA 568-A standard.
Figure A-1 shows the top view of the wiring map for the cable and how the four pairs
should be terminated.
Figure A-1
1 2
Wiring Map for Cat-5E/6 Cable
4 5
7 8
W-G
W-O
BL
W-BL
W-BR
BR
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Green/ Green Orange/ Blue Blue/ Orange Brown/ Brown
White
White
White
White
RJ-45 Port
The nominal DC impedance of the CAT-5E/6 cable is 0.08 ohm/meter and the nominal RF impedance is 100 ohm.
NOTE: Be sure to test cable termination before installing the cable.
NOTE: Belden 1624P DataTwist® Five ScTP cable, or equivalent is required.
Belden 1533P/R DataTwist® Five ScTP cable or equivalent is required for
CAT-5E. Additionally, Comscope 5ES4/5ENS4 may also be used for CAT-5E. In
order to meet FCC and CE Mark emissions requirements, the CAT-5/5E/6 cable
must be screened (ScTP) and it must be grounded to the units at both ends (that is,
RAU and Expansion Hub) using shielded RJ-45 connectors.
A-2
CONFIDENTIAL
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
Fiber Optical Cables
A.2
Fiber Optical Cables
• Connects the Main Hub to Expansion Hub(s)
• Transmits (downlink) and receives (uplink) optical signals
• Carries configuration and status information
• Use industry-standard 62.5µm/125µm MMF or Corning SMF-28 fiber, or equivalent.
• SC/APC (angle-polished) connectors are required throughout the fiber network
(port-to-port), including fiber distribution panels
• Distances:
• Multi-mode Fiber: up to 1.5 km (4,921 ft) – 3 dB optical loss maximum
• Single-mode Fiber: up to 6 km (19,685 ft) – 3 dB optical loss maximum
A.3
Coaxial Cable
• Connects a Main Hub to a repeater or base station (N-type connectors)
• Connects an RAU to a passive antenna (SMA connectors)
A.4
Standard Modem Cable
• Connects a modem to the Main Hub’s front panel serial port
Figure A-2
Standard Modem Cable Pinout
DB-25
DB-9
Connector Connector
Pin
Pin
20
22
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
A-3
CONFIDENTIAL
DB-9 to DB-9 Null Modem Cable
A.5
DB-9 to DB-9 Null Modem Cable
Use a DB-9 female to DB-9 female null modem cable to connect the AdminManager
PC to a Unison Main Hub. A cable is included with AdminManager. Table A-2 lists
the cable pinout and Figure A-3 shows a diagram of its wiring.
Table A-2
DB-9 Female to DB-9 Female Null Modem Cable Pinout
From
Signal
To
Signal
P1-4
DTR
P2-6, P2-1
DSR, DCD
P1-6
DSR
P1-1, P2-4
DCD, DTR
P1-3
TXD
P2-2
RXD
P1-2
RXD
P2-3
TXD
P1-5
GND
P2-5
GND
P1-7
RTS
P2-8
CTS
P1-8
CTS
P2-7
RTS
P1-9
N/C
N/C
N/C
Figure A-3
DB-9 Female to DB-9 Female Null Modem Cable Diagram
DB-9
Connector
Pin
DB-9
Connector
Pin
Note that for each DB-9 connector, pins 1 and 6 are tied together and sent to pin 4
of the opposite connector, providing the required handshake signals.
A-4
CONFIDENTIAL
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
DB-25 to DB-9 Null Modem Cable
A.6
DB-25 to DB-9 Null Modem Cable
A DB-25 male to DB-9 female Null modem cable connects a 232 Port Expander to a
Unison Main Hub, or to connect a modem to the Main Hub when using OpsConsole
to monitor the system. Table A-3 lists the pinout of the cable for Unison and
Figure A-4 shows a diagram of its wiring.
DB-25 Male to DB-9 Female Null Modem Cable Pinout
Table A-3
25-Pin
Signal
9-Pin
Signal
20
DTR
1, 6
DSR, DCD
TX
RX
RX
TX
6,8
DSR, DCD
DTR
GND
GND
CTS
RTS
RTS
CTS
Figure A-4
DB-25 Male to DB-9 Female Null Modem Cable Diagram
DB-25 Male
Connector
Pin
DB-9 Female
Connector
Pin
20
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
A-5
CONFIDENTIAL
DB-25 to DB-9 Null Modem Cable
This page is intentionally left blank.
A-6
CONFIDENTIAL
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
D-620003-0-20 Rev K
Compliance
APPENDIX B
B.1
Unison System Approval Status
900 Paging/SMR
• Safety: UL 60950 3rd Edition
• EMC: FCC part 15 class A
• Radio: FCC Part 90
Cellular Products
• Safety: UL 60950 3rd Edition
• EMC: FCC part 15 class A
• Radio: FCC Part 22
DCS Products
• Safety: CB scheme evaluation to IEC 950, 3rd Edition with all national deviations
• EMC: EN 301 489-8 V.1.1.1 (2000-09), CISPR 24: 1998
• Radio: ETS 300 609-4 V.8.0.2 (2000-10)
GSM Products
• Safety: CB scheme evaluation to IEC 950, 3rd Edition with all national deviations
• Radio: EN 301 502 V.7.0.1 (2000-08)
• EMC: EN 301 489-8 V.1.1.1 (2000-09), CISPR 24: 1998
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Unison System Approval Status
iDEN Products
• Safety: UL 60950, 3rd Edition
• EMC: FCC part 15 class A
• Radio: FCC part 90
PCS Products
• Safety: UL 60950 3rd Edition
• EMC: FCC part 15 class A
• Radio: FCC part 24
• Radio: FCC part 22
UMTS Products
• Safety: CB scheme evaluation to IEC 950, 3rd Edition with all national deviations
• EMC: ETSI TS 125 113 V.4.1.0 (2001-06)
• Radio: ETSI TS 125 143 V.4.0.0 (2001-03)
AWS Products
• Safety: UL 60950 3rd Edition and 60950-1 1st Edition
• EMC: FCC part 15 class A
• Radio: FCC part 27
Public Safety 700 MHz Products
• Safety: UL, CSA, CB Scheme certificate to IEC 60950, 3rd Edition, and IEC
60950-1, 1st Edition, with all national deviations
• EMC: FCC part 15 class A
• Radio: FCC part 27
NOTE: For Canadian customers, the Manufacturer’s rated output power1 of
this equipment is for single carrier operation. For situations when multiple
carrier signals are present, the rating would have to be reduced by 3.5 dB,
especially where the output signal is re-radiated and can cause interference
1. “Manufacturer’s rated output power” refers to Unison’s downlink P1dB. The power per carrier tables take into account this
power reduction for multiple carriers.
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Human Exposure to RF
to adjacent band users. This power reduction is to be by means of input
power or gain reduction and not by an attenuator at the output of the device.
NOTE: This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is
subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received,
including interference that may cause undesired operation.
This equipment complies with the FCC radiation exposure limits for general population/uncontrolled exposure environments.
Changes or modifications not approved and performed by LGC Wireless may void
the user’s authority to operate the equipment.
B.2
Human Exposure to RF
The U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has adopted limits of human
exposure to radio frequency (RF) emissions from portable or fixed RF systems that
are regulated by the FCC. The exposure limits on the incident electric and magnetic
fields and power densities are based on ANSI/IEEE and NCRP RF Safety Guidelines.
The limits are also prescribed in terms of the mass-normalized rates of internal energy
absorption by tissues (specific absorption rates or SARs) which should not exceed
0.08 W/kg as averaged over the whole body and 1.6 W/kg for any 1-g of tissue.
Similarly, the U.K. National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) and the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) have both established guidelines for maximum RF exposure levels that are likely to not pose health
risks. For the general public, ICNIRP recommends maximum exposure levels of
2.0 W/kg for any 10-g of tissue. This recommendation is 5 times lower than that of
NRPB.
The specific absorption rate (SAR) was measured for a radiated power of 20 dBm
(100 mW) which is the maximum radiated for both of the antennas. The highest SAR
regions for each of the antennas for separation distances of 0, 1, 2, and 3 cm to the tissue-simulant model were determined in the first instance by using a coarser sampling
with a step size of 8.0 mm over three overlapping scan areas for a total scan area of
8.0 × 9.6 cm. After identifying the regions of the highest SAR for each of the cases,
the SAR distributions were measured with a resolution of 2 mm in order to obtain the
peak 1 cm 3 or 1-g SAR.
Antenna gain is restricted to 1.5 W ERP (2.49 W EIRP) in order to satisfy RF exposure compliance requirements. If higher than 1.5 W ERP, routine MPE evaluation is
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960
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Human Exposure to RF
needed. The antennas should be installed to provide at least 20 cm from all persons to
satisfy MPE requirements of FCC Part 2, 2.1091.
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Changes and New Capabilities
APPENDIX C
To check the firmware version of any Unison component, launch AdminManager and
right-click on the component icon (main hub, expansion hub, or RAU) in the hierarchical tree. Select “Get Information” in the pull down menu.
LGC recommends that you use the latest firmware to optimize operations of your
Unison system. The latest firmware can be downloaded through the LGC Customer
Portal, accessible through our main website at www.lgcwireless.com.
C.1
New in Rev. K of Manual
• Support for 700 MHz Public Safety band
C.2
New in Rev. J of Manual
• Support for two new AWS bands
C.3
New in Rev. H. of Manual
• Supports scheduled system test.
• Supports 1 dB step attenuator and antenna disconnect in UMTS-2.
• Antenna disconnect alarm is user selectable between status and warning.
• Bookmarks for navigational ease
• Link to LGC Wireless customer portal for on-line configuration tools and product
compatibility information
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New in Rev. G of Manual
• Supports UPS contact closure (UNS-EH-2 only) monitoring at the Expansion Hub
• Support for 4 new PCS bands
• New system configuration screen shot
• Updated Maintenance and troubleshooting section
C.4
New in Rev. G of Manual
• Ability to filter warnings and status messages
• Reclassification of some faults to warnings and some warnings to status messages.
Faults are service impacting. Warnings are possible service impacting. Status messages are internal states that could impact service but not at the current time.
C.5
New in Rev. F of Manual
• Added additional reference to Japan Specification Document
C.6
New in Rev. E of Manual
• Added reference to Japan Specification Document
C.7
New in Rev. D of Manual
• Supports 35 MHz PCS RAU
• Refer to “Unison Release 5.1” Field Note (FN03-007, formerly FN-024)
C.8
New in Rev. C of Manual
• Power per Carrier tables
• Removed DCS3
• EGSM is a subset of GSM
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New in Rev. B of Manual
• Unison Cat-5 Extender added
• Dual-band Diplexer added
C.9
New in Rev. B of Manual
• Supports GSM and EGSM frequency bands using the GSM RAU
Frequencies: DL 1815–1850 MHz, UL 1720–1755 MHz
• Supports globally downloading firmware updates to multiple units at the same
time (that is, all RAUs in a system, then all of the Expansion Hubs, and finally the
Main Hub)
• Supports reclassification of status messages
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APPENDIX D
Glossary
Air Interface A method for formatting data and voice onto radio waves. Common
air interfaces include AMPS, TDMA, CDMA, and GSM.
AIN Advanced Intelligent Network. AINs allow a wireless user to make and receive
phone calls while roaming outside the user’s “home” network. These networks,
which rely on computers and sophisticated switching techniques, also provide
many Personal Communications Service (PCS) features.
Amplitude The distance between high and low points of a waveform or signal.
AMPS Advanced Mobile Phone Service. AMPS is an analog cellular FDMA system. It was the basis of the first commercial wireless communication system in
the U.S and has been used in more than 35 other countries worldwide.
Analog The original method of modulating radio signals so they can carry information which involves transmitting a continuously variable signal. Amplitude Modification (AM) and Frequency Modulation (FM) are the most common methods
of analog modulation.
ANSI The American National Standards Institute. A nonprofit, privately funded
membership organization founded in 1918 that reviews and approves standards
developed by other organizations.
AWS Advanced Wireless Services
Antenna A device for transmitting and/or receiving signals.
Attenuation The decrease in power that occurs when any signal is transmitted.
Attenuation is measured in decibels (dB).
Backhaul A term applied to the process of carrying wireless traffic between the
MSC and the base station.
Base Station The radio transmitter/receiver that maintains communications with
mobile devices within a specific area.
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BSC Base Station Controller. A GSM term referring to the device in charge of managing the radio interface in a GSM system, including the allocation and release of
radio channels and hand-off of active calls within the system.
BTA Basic Trading Area. The U.S. and its territories are divided into 493 areas,
called BTAs. These BTAs are composed of a specific list of counties, based on a
system originally developed by Rand McNally. The FCC grants licenses to wireless operators to provide service within these BTAs and/or MTAs. (See MTA.)
BTS Base Transceiver Station. A GSM term referring to the group of network
devices that provide radio transmission and reception, including antennas.
C/I Carrier to interference ratio. The ratio of the desired signal strength to the combined interference of all mobile phones using the system. Usually, the interference of most concern is that provided by mobile phones using the same channel
in the system. These are referred to as “co-channel interferers.”
CCITT Consultative Committee on International Telephone and Telegraph. This
organization sets international communications standards. The CCITT is now
known as ITU (the parent organization).
CDMA Code Division Multiple Access. A digital wireless access technology that
uses spread-spectrum techniques. Unlike alternative systems, such as GSM, that
use time-division multiplexing (TDM), CDMA does not assign a specific frequency to each user. Instead, every channel uses the full available spectrum.
Individual conversations are assigned a unique code which allows the conversation to be spread out over multiple channels; transmitted to the far end; and
re-assembled for the recipient using a specific code.
CDPD Cellular Digital Packet Data. CDPD allows data transmission over the analog wireless network. CDPD breaks data into packets and transmits these packets
on idle portions of the network.
Cell A cell defines a specific, physical area of coverage of a portion of a wireless
system. It is the basic “building block” of all modern wireless communications
systems.
Cell Site A term which refers to the location of the transmission equipment (e.g.,
basestation) within the cell.
CEPT Conference of European Postal and Telecommunications Administrations.
This organization’s mandate is to define pan-European wireless communications
standards. In 1982, CEPT mandated GSM as the access protocol for public wireless communications systems across Europe.
Channel The path along which a communications signal is transmitted. Channels
may be simplex (communication occurs in only one direction), duplex (communication occurs in both directions) or full duplex (communication occurs in both
directions simultaneously).
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Circuit A communication connection between two or more points. A circuit can
transmit either voice or data.
CO Central Office. The main switching facility for a telecommunications system.
CTIA Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association. The CTIA is an industry
association made up of most of the wireless carriers and other industry players. It
was formed in 1984 to promote the cellular industry and cellular technology.
D-AMPS Digital Advanced Mobile Phone Service. See IS-54.
dB Decibel. A unit for expressing the ratio of two amounts of power. It is often used
in wireless to describe the amount of power loss in a system (i.e., the ratio of
transmitted power to received power).
DCS Digital Communications System. DCS is often called “upbanded GSM” since
it is the GSM access scheme adopted to operate in the 1700–1800 MHz portion
of the spectrum.
Digital A method of storing, processing, and transmitting information by representing information as “0s” and “1s” via electrical pulses. Digital systems have
largely replaced analog systems because they can carry more data at higher speed
than analog transmission systems.
Electromagnetic Spectrum Electrical wave forms in frequency ranges as low as
535 kHz (AM radio) and as high as 29 GHz (cable TV).
ESMR Enhanced Specialized Mobile Radio. Digital mobile telephone services
offered to the public over channels previously used for two-way analog dispatch
services. ESMR provides digital mobile radio and telephone service as well as
messaging and dispatch features.
ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute. ETSI was established in
1988 to set standards for Europe in telecommunications, broadcasting and office
information technology.
FCC Federal Communications Commission. In the United States, the FCC is
responsible for the management and regulation of communication policy for all
public communications services, including wireless.
FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access. A wireless access protocol that
assigns each user a specific radio channel for use. Since FDMA only supports
one user (or conversation) on each channel, it does not maximize use of the spectrum and is therefore largely been superseded by other access protocols (such as
CDMA, TDMA, GSM, iDEN) that support multiple users on a single channel.
Frequency Hopping A wireless signal transmission technique whereby the frequency used to carry a signal is periodically changed, according to a predetermined code, to another frequency.
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Fixed An ITU definition for radio communications between specified fixed points.
Point-to-point high-frequency circuits and microwave links are two examples of
fixed applications.
FM Frequency Modulation. A method of transmitting information in which the frequency of the carrier is modified according to a plan agreed to by the transmitter
and the receiver. FM can be either analog or digital.
Forward Channel Refers to the radio channel that sends information from the base
station to the mobile station. (See Reverse Channel.)
Frequency The number of times an electrical signal repeats an identical cycle in a
unit of time, normally one second. One Hertz (Hz) is one cycle per second.
Frequency re-use The ability to use the same frequencies repeatedly across a cellular system. Because each cell is designed to use radio frequencies only within its
boundaries, the same frequencies can be reused in other cells not far away with
little potential for interference. The reuse of frequencies is what enables a cellular system to handle a huge number of calls with a limited number of channels.
Gain The increase in power that occurs when any signal is amplified, usually
through an amplifier or antenna.
GHz Gigahertz. A measure of frequency equal to one billion hertz.
GSM Groupe Speciale Mobile (now translated in English as Global Standard for
Mobile Communications). GSM is the digital wireless standard used throughout
Europe, in much of Asia, as well as by some operators in the U.S. and South
America.
Handoff The process by which the wireless system passes a wireless phone conversation from one radio frequency in one cell to another radio frequency in another
as the caller moves between two cells. In most systems today, this handoff is performed so quickly that callers don’t notice.
Hertz A measurement of electromagnetic energy, equivalent to one “wave” per second. Hertz is abbreviated as “Hz”.
iDEN Integrated Digital Enhanced Network. A TDMA-based wireless access technology that combines two-way radio, telephone, text message, and data transmission into one network. This system was developed by Motorola. In the U.S.,
iDEN is used by Nextel in its network.
IEEE The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. The world’s largest
technical professional society with members from more than 130 countries. The
IEEE works to advance the theory and practice of electrical, electronics, computer engineering and computer science.
Infrastructure A term used to encompass all of the equipment, including both hardware and software, used in a communications network.
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IS-54 Interim Standard-54. A U.S. TDMA cellular standard that operates in the
800 MHz or 1900 MHz band. IS-54 was the first U.S. digital cellular standard. It
was adopted by the CTIA in 1990.
IS-95 Interim Standard-95. A U.S. CDMA cellular standard that operates in the
800 MHz or 1900 MHz band. This standard was developed by Qualcomm and
adopted by the CTIA in 1993.
IS-136 Interim Standard-136. A U.S. TDMA cellular standard based on IS-54 that
operates in the 800 MHz or 1900 MHz band.
IS-553 Interim Standard-533. The U.S. analog cellular (AMPS) air interface standard.
ITU International Telecommunications Union. The ITU is the principal international standards organization. It is charted by the United Nations and it establishes international regulations governing global telecommunications networks
and services. Its headquarters are in Geneva, Switzerland.
LMDS Local Multipoint Distribution Services. LMDS provides line-of-sight coverage over distances up to 3–5 kilometers and operates in the 28 GHz portion of the
spectrum. It can deliver high speed, high bandwidth services such as data and
video applications.
Local Loop A communication channel (usually a physical phone line) between a
subscriber’s location and the network’s Central Office.
MHz Megahertz. One million Hertz. One MHz equals one million cycles per second.
Microcell A network cell designed to serve a smaller area than larger macrocells.
Microcells are smaller and lower powered than macrocells. As the subscriber
base increases, operators must continue to increase the number of cells in their
network to maximize channel re-use. This has led to an increasing number of
microcells being deployed in wireless networks.
Microwave Electromagnetic waves with frequencies above 1 GHz. Microwave
communications are used for line-of-sight, point-to-point, or point-to-multipoint
communications.
MSA Metropolitan Statistical Area. The FCC has established 306 MSAs in the U.S.
The MSAs represent the largest population centers in the U.S. At least two wireless operators are licensed in each MSA.
MSC Mobile Services Switching Center. A generic term for the main cellular
switching center in the wireless communications network.
MSS Mobile Satellite Service. Communications transmission service provided by
satellites. A single satellite can provide coverage to the entire United States.
MTA Major Trading Area. The U.S. and its territories are divided into 51 MTAs.
Each MTA is composed of a specific number of BTAs. The FCC grants licenses
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to wireless operators to provide service within these MTAs and/or BTAs. (See
BTA.)
Multiplexing The simultaneous transmission of two or more signals on the same
radio (or other) transmission facility.
N-AMPS Narrowband Advanced Mobile Phone Service.
PCMCIA Personal Computer Memory Card International Association. This acronym is used to refer to credit card sized packages containing memory, I/O
devices and other capabilities for use in Personal Computers, handheld computers and other devices.
PCS Personal Communications Service. A vague label applied to new-generation
mobile communication technology that uses the narrow band and broadband
spectrum recently allocated in the 1.9 GHz band.
PDA Personal Digital Assistant. Portable computing devices that are extremely portable and that offer a variety of wireless communication capabilities, including
paging, electronic mail, stock quotations, handwriting recognition, facsimile, calendar, and other information handling capabilities.
PDC Personal Digital Cellular (formerly Japanese Digital Cellular). A
TDMA-based digital cellular standard that operates in the 1500 MHz band.
Phase The particular angle of inflection of a wave at a precise moment in time. It is
normally measured in terms of degrees.
PHS Personal Handyphone System. A wireless telephone standard, developed and
first deployed in Japan. It is a low mobility, small-cell system.
POP Short for “population”. One person equals one POP.
POTS Plain Old Telephone Service.
POTS Plain Old Telephone Service.
PS Public Safety.
Reverse Channel Refers to the radio channel that sends information from a mobile
station to a base station. (See Forward Channel.)
RF Radio Frequency. Those frequencies in the electromagnetic spectrum that are
associated with radio wave propagation.
Roaming The ability to use a wireless phone to make and receive calls in places
outside one's home calling area.
RSA Rural Service Area. One of the 428 FCC-designated rural markets across the
United States used as license areas for cellular licenses. (See MTAs and BTAs.)
Sector A portion of a cell. Often, different sectors within the same cell will each use
a different set of frequencies to maximize spectrum utilization.
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Signal to Noise Ratio The ratio of signal power to noise power at a given point in a
given system.
Smart Antenna Refers to an antenna whose signal handling characteristics change
as signal conditions change.
Soft Handoff Virtually undetectable by the user, soft handoff allows both the original cell and a new cell to serve a call temporarily during the handoff transition.
Spectrum The range of electromagnetic frequencies.
Spread Spectrum A method of transmitting a signal over a broad range of frequencies and then re-assembling the transmission at the far end. This technique
reduces interference and increases the number of simultaneous conversations
within a given radio frequency band.
T-1 A North American commercial digital transmission standard. A T-1 connection
uses time division multiplexing to carry 24 digital voice or data channels over
copper wire.
TDMA Time Division Multiple Access. A method of digital wireless communications that allows multiple users to access (in sequence) a single radio frequency
channel without interference by allocating unique time slots to each user within
each channel.
TIA Telecommunications Industry Association.
TR-45 One of six committees of the Telecommunications Industry Association.
TR-45 oversees the standard making process for wireless telecommunications.
Upbanded A service or technology that has been re-engineered to operate at a
higher frequency than originally designed.
Wireless Describes any radio-based system that allows transmission of voice and/or
data signals through the air without a physical connection, such as a metal wire
or fiber optic cable.
Wireline Wire paths that use metallic conductors to provide electrical connections
between components of a system, such as a communication system.
WLANs Wireless Local Area Networks. Technology that provides wireless communications to Portable Computer users over short distances.
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