ARRIS 3387W Ethernet to Ethernet Router with 802.11b User Manual Software User Guide V7 2

ARRIS Group, Inc. Ethernet to Ethernet Router with 802.11b Software User Guide V7 2

Users Guide

Software User GuideCayman® Operating System Version 7.2July 2003Cayman® 3300 Series Gateways by NetopiaDDrraafftt DDooccuummeennttaattiioonn ---- NNoott ffoorr DDiissttrriibbuuttiioonn
2 Disclaimers Copyright © 2003 Netopia, Inc. All rights reserved, Printed in the USA.The information in this document is subject to change without notice. The statements, configurations, technical data, and recom-mendations in this document are believed to be accurate and reliable, but are presented without express or implied warranty. Users must take full responsibility for the applications of any products specified in this document.Portions of this software are subject to the Mozilla Public License Version 1.1. Portions created by Netscape are copyright 1994-2000 Netscape Communications Corporation. You may obtain a copy of the license at http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/. Software distributed under the License is distributed on an “as is” basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing rights and limitations under the License.Portions of this software copyright 1988, 1991 by Carnegie Mellon University. All rights reserved. Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above copy-right notice and this permission notice appear in supporting documentation, and that the name of Carnegie Mellon University not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the software without specific, written prior permission.CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WAR-RANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL CMU BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT, OR CONSE-QUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE, OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.The information in this document is proprietary to Netopia, Inc. Trademarks Netopia, Cayman, and “Making Broadband Work” are registered trademarks of Netopia, Inc. All rights reserved.Ethernet is a registered trademark of Xerox Corporation. Microsoft and Windows are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Mention of third-party products is for informational purposes only and constitutes neither an endorsement nor a recommendation. Netopia assumes no responsibility with regard to the performance or use of these products. Statement of Conditions In the interest of improving internal design, operational function, and /or reliability, Netopia, Inc. reserves the right to make changes to the products described in this document without notice.Netopia , Inc. does not assume any liability that may occur due to the use or application of the product(s) or network con-figurations described herein. Netopia, Inc. Part Number: 6161158-00-01d5 v071403
3 Table of Contents Table of Contents Disclaimers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 CHAPTER 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 About Cayman Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Intended Audience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Documentation Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Internal Web Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Command Line Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Overview of Major Capabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16A Word About Example Screens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 CHAPTER 2 Basic Mode Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Important Safety Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 POWER SUPPLY INSTALLATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 TELECOMMUNICATION INSTALLATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Set up the Cayman Gateway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Configure the Cayman Gateway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Cayman Gateway Status Indicator Lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Home Page - Basic Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Manage My Account . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Status Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Enable Remote Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Expert Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Update Firmware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Factory Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Table of Contents 4 CHAPTER 3 Expert Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Overview of Major Capabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Wide Area Network Termination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 PPPoE/PPPoA (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet/ATM) . . . . 36Instant-On PPP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Simplified Local Area Network Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) Server . . . . . . . . . 38DNS Proxy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Embedded Web Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Remote Access Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40Password Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40Network Address Translation (NAT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40Cayman Advanced Features for NAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42Internal Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43Pinholes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43Default Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44Combination NAT Bypass Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44IP-Passthrough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44VPN IPSec Pass Through . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44VPN IPSec Tunnel Termination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46Stateful Inspection Firewall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Access the Web Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Open the Web Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Home Page - Expert Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Home Page - Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51Navigating the Web Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Breadcrumb Trail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Restart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Alert Symbol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55Configure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Quickstart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 How to Use the Quickstart Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Configure -> Quickstart. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Setup Your Gateway using a PPP Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 LAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Configure -> LAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
5 Table of Contents About Closed System Mode........................................................ 63 WAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Configure -> WAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72Advanced. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76IP Static Routes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76IP Static ARP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77Pinholes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Configure Specific Pinholes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78Planning for Your Pinholes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78Example: A LAN Requiring Three Pinholes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78Pinhole Configuration Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 IPMaps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85Configure the IPMaps Feature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 FAQs for the IPMaps Feature ..................................................... 85What are IPMaps and how are they used? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85What types of servers are supported by IPMaps? . . . . . . . . . . . 86Can I use IPMaps with my PPPoE or PPPoA connection? . . . . . 86Will IPMaps allow IP addresses from different subnets to be assigned to my Gateway? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86IPMaps Block Diagram................................................................ 87 Default Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Configure a Default Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88Typical Network Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90NAT Combination Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91IP-Passthrough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91A restriction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 DNS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93DHCP Server. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93SNMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94Advanced -> Ethernet Bridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96Configuring for Bridge Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100Syslog Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101Internal Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103Software Hosting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 List of Supported Games and Software ...................................... 105 Rename a User(PC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105Clear Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Passwords. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Create and Change Passwords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Firewall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Use a Cayman Firewall ............................................................... 111BreakWater Basic Firewall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Table of Contents 6 Configuring for a BreakWater Setting.......................................... 112TIPS for making your BreakWater Basic Firewall Selection ....... 113Basic Firewall Background .......................................................... 113 IPSec . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 How to Configure a SafeHarbour VPN........................................ 117VPN IPSec Tunnel at the Gateway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117Parameter Description and Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118IPSec Tunnel Parameter Setup Worksheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120SafeHarbour Tunnel Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120Task 1: Ensure that you have SafeHarbour VPN enabled. ......... 121Task2: Complete Parameter Setup Worksheet........................... 121Task 3: Enable IPSec.................................................................. 121Task 4: Make the IPSec Tunnel Entries ...................................... 122Task 5: Make the Tunnel Details entries ..................................... 124 Stateful Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125Stateful Inspection Firewall installation procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125Exposed Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127Stateful Inspection Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130Open Ports in Default Stateful Inspection Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . 131Log Event Dispositions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131Security Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 Using the Security Monitoring Log .............................................. 133Timestamp Background............................................................... 135 Install . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 Install Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 Updating Your Gateway’s CaymanOS Version . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 Task 1: Required Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138Task 2: CaymanOS Image File. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138Install Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142Use Cayman Software Feature Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 Obtaining Software Feature Keys .............................................. 142Procedure - Install a New Feature Key File................................. 142To check your installed features:................................................. 144 CHAPTER 4 Basic Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Status Indicator Lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148Factory Reset Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
7 Table of Contents CHAPTER 5 Advanced Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 Home Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 Expert Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 System Status ............................................................................. 161 Ports: Ethernet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162Ports: DSL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163DSL: Circuit Configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164System Log: Entire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 Diagnostics.................................................................................. 166Network Tools ............................................................................. 167 CHAPTER 6 Command Line Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172Starting and Ending a CLI Session . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 Logging In . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 Ending a CLI Session . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 Saving Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 Using the CLI Help Facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176About SHELL Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 SHELL Prompt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 SHELL Command Shortcuts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 SHELL Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 Common Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 WAN Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 About CONFIG Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 CONFIG Mode Prompt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 Navigating the CONFIG Hierarchy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 Entering Commands in CONFIG Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 Guidelines: CONFIG Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 Displaying Current Gateway Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 Step Mode: A CLI Configuration Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 Validating Your Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 CONFIG Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196 DSL Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196 ATM Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196 Bridging Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 Common Commands .................................................................. 198 DHCP Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Table of Contents 8 Common Commands................................................................... 199 DMT Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 DSL Commands .......................................................................... 200 Domain Name System Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 Common Commands................................................................... 201 IP Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 Common Settings........................................................................ 202DSL Settings................................................................................ 203Ethernet Hub Settings ................................................................. 205Default IP Gateway Settings........................................................ 208IP-over-PPP Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208Static ARP Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211IGMP Forwarding ........................................................................ 212IPsec Passthrough ...................................................................... 212Static Route Settings................................................................... 212 IPMaps Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214 Network Address Translation (NAT) Default Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 Network Address Translation (NAT) Pinhole Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 PPPoE /PPPoA Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 Configuring Basic PPP Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217Configuring Port Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 Ethernet Port Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 Command Line Interface Preference Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 Port Renumbering Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 Security Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 Firewall Settings (for BreakWater Firewall) ................................. 223IPsec Settings.............................................................................. 224SafeHarbour IPSec Settings ....................................................... 224Internet Key Exchange (IKE) Settings......................................... 228Stateful Inspection....................................................................... 229Example:...................................................................................... 230 SNMP Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 System Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233Syslog. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236Default syslog installation procedure........................................... 237Wireless Settings (supported models) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239CHAPTER 7 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243-----A----- ...................................................................................... 243-----B----- ...................................................................................... 245-----C----- ...................................................................................... 245
9Table of Contents-----D-----...................................................................................... 246-----E----- ...................................................................................... 248-----F----- ...................................................................................... 249-----H-----...................................................................................... 250-----I----- ....................................................................................... 251-----K----- ...................................................................................... 252-----L----- ...................................................................................... 252-----M----- ..................................................................................... 253-----N-----...................................................................................... 254-----P----- ...................................................................................... 255-----R-----...................................................................................... 256-----S----- ...................................................................................... 257-----T----- ...................................................................................... 259-----U-----...................................................................................... 259-----V----- ...................................................................................... 260-----W----- ..................................................................................... 260CHAPTER 8 Technical Specifications and Safety Information . . . . . 261Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261Dimensions: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261Communications interfaces: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261Power requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262Operating temperature: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262Storage temperature: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262Relative storage humidity: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262Software and protocols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262Software media: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262Routing: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262WAN support: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262Security: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262Management/configuration methods: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262Diagnostics: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262Agency approvals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263North America ............................................................................. 263International................................................................................. 263Regulatory notices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263European Community. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263Manufacturer’s Declaration of Conformance . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264Service requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Table of Contents10Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265Declaration for Canadian users................................................... 265Caution ........................................................................................ 266Important Safety Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267Australian Safety Information ...................................................... 267Caution ........................................................................................ 267Caution ........................................................................................ 267Telecommunication installation cautions..................................... 267FCC Part 68 Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268FCC Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268FCC Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268Electrical Safety Advisory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271
11About Cayman DocumentationCHAPTER 1 IntroductionAbout Cayman Documentation☛ NOTE:This guide describes the wide variety of features and functionality of the Cayman Gateway, when used in Router mode. The Cayman Gateway may also be delivered in Bridge mode. In Bridge mode, the Gateway acts as a pass-through device and allows the work-stations on your LAN to have public addresses directly on the Internet.Netopia, Inc. provides a suite of technical information for its Cayman-series family of intelligent enterprise and consumer Gateways. It consists of: •Software User Guide•Dedicated Quickstart guides
12•Specific White PapersThe documents are available in electronic form as Portable Document For-mat (PDF) files. They are viewed (and printed) from Adobe Acrobat Reader, Exchange, or any other application that supports PDF files.They are downloadable from Netopia’s website: http://www.netopia.com/Intended AudienceThis guide is targeted primarily to residential service subscribers. Expert Mode sections may also be of use to the support staffs of broad-band service providers and advanced residential service subscribers.See “Expert Mode” on page 35.
13Documentation ConventionsDocumentation ConventionsGeneralThis manual uses the following conventions to present information:Internal Web InterfaceConvention (Typeface) Descriptionbold italic monospacedMenu commandsbold italic sans serif Web GUI page links and button namesterminal Computer display textbold terminal User-entered textItalic Italic type indicates the complete titles of manuals.Convention (Graphics) DescriptionDenotes an “excerpt” from a Web page or the visual truncation of a Web pageDenotes an area of emphasis on a Web pagedot-dashed rectangle or linesolid rounded rectangle with an arrow
14Command Line InterfaceSyntax conventions for the Cayman Gateway command line interface are as follows:TextThe words “Cayman Gateway” and “Gateway” refer to the Netopia Cayman Gateway.The expressions “Release 7.2” and “R 7.2” refer to the most recent gener-ally available Cayman Operating System.Convention Descriptionstraight ([ ]) brackets in cmd line Optional command arguments curly ({ }) brackets, with values separated with vertical bars (|). Alternative values for an argument are presented in curly ({ }) brackets, with values separated with vertical bars (|).bold terminal type faceUser-entered textitalic terminal type faceVariables for which you supply your own values
15OrganizationOrganizationThis guide consists of eight chapters, including a glossary, and an index. It is organized as follows:•Chapter 1, “Introduction” — Describes the Cayman document suite, the purpose of, the audience for, and structure of this guide. It gives a table of conventions and presents a product description summary.•Chapter 2, “Basic Mode Setup” — Describes how to get up and run-ning with your Cayman Gateway.•Chapter 3, “Expert Mode” — Focuses on the “Expert Mode” Web-based user interface for advanced users. It is organized in the same way as the Web UI is organized. As you go through each section, functions and procedures are discussed in detail.•Chapter 4, “Basic Troubleshooting” — Gives some simple sugges-tions for troubleshooting problems with your Gateway’s initial configura-tion.•Chapter 5, “Advanced Troubleshooting” — Gives suggestions and descriptions of expert tools to use to troubleshoot your Gateway’s config-uration.•Chapter 6, “Command Line Interface” — Describes all the current text-based commands for both the SHELL and CONFIG modes. A sum-mary table and individual command examples for each mode is provided.•Chapter 7, “Glossary” •Chapter 8, “Technical Specifications and Safety Information”•Index
16Overview of Major CapabilitiesThe Netopia Gateway offers simplified setup and management features as well as advanced broadband router capabilities. The following are some of the main features of the Netopia Gateway:•Wide Area Network TerminationThe Gateway combines a DSL modem with an Internet router. It translates pro-tocols used on the Internet to protocols used by home personal computers and eliminates the need for special desktop software (i.e. PPPoE client). •Simplified Local Area Network SetupBuilt-in DHCP and DNS proxy features minimize or eliminate the need to pro-gram any network configuration into your home personal computer. •ManagementA Web server built into the Cayman Operating System makes setup and mainte-nance easy using standard browsers. Diagnostic tools facilitate troubleshoot-ing.•SecurityNetwork Address Translation (NAT), password protection, and other built-in security features prevent unauthorized remote access to your network. Pin-holes, default server, and other features permit access to computers on your home network that you can specify.Technical details are discussed in “Expert Mode” on page 35.
17A Word About Example ScreensA Word About Example ScreensThis manual contains many example screen illustrations. Since Netopia Cayman Series Gateways offer a wide variety of features and functionality, the example screens shown may not appear exactly the same for your par-ticular Gateway or setup as they appear in this manual. The example screens are for illustrative and explanatory purposes, and should not be construed to represent your own unique environment.
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19CHAPTER 2 Basic Mode SetupMost users will find that the basic Quickstart configuration is all that they ever need to use. This section may be all that you ever need to configure and use your Cayman Gateway. The following instructions cover installation in Router Mode.This section covers:•“Important Safety Instructions” on page 20•“Set up the Cayman Gateway” on page 21•“Configure the Cayman Gateway” on page 23•“Cayman Gateway Status Indicator Lights” on page 26•“Home Page - Basic Mode” on page 27
20Important Safety InstructionsPOWER SUPPLY INSTALLATIONConnect the power supply cord to the power jack on the Cayman Gateway. Plug the power supply into an appropriate electrical outlet.☛ CAUTION: Depending on the power supply provided with the product, either the direct plug-in power supply blades, power supply cord plug or the appliance coupler serves as the mains power disconnect. It is important that the direct plug-in power supply, socket-outlet or appliance coupler be located so it is readily accessible.CAUTION (North America Only): For use only with a CSA Certi-fied or UL Listed Limited Power Source or Class 2 power supply, rated 12Vdc, 1.5A.(Sweden) Apparaten skall anslutas till jordat uttag när den ansluts till ett nätverk(Norway) Apparatet må kun tilkoples jordet stikkontakt.USB-powered models: For Use with Listed I.T.E. OnlyTELECOMMUNICATION INSTALLATIONWhen using your telephone equipment, basic safety precautions should always be followed to reduce the risk of fire, electric shock and injury to per-sons, including the following:•Do not use this product near water, for example, near a bathtub, wash bowl, kitchen sink or laundry tub, in a wet basement or near a swimming pool.•Avoid using a telephone (other than a cordless type) during an electrical storm. There may be a remote risk of electrical shock from lightning.•Do not use the telephone to report a gas leak in the vicinity of the leak.SAVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS
21Set up the Cayman GatewaySet up the Cayman GatewayRefer to your Quickstart Guide for instructions on how to connect your Cay-man gateway to your power source, PC or local area network, and your Inter-net access point, whether it is a dedicated DSL outlet or a DSL or cable modem. Different Cayman Gateway models are supplied for any of these connections. Be sure to enable Dynamic Addressing on your PC. Perform the following:• Windows 95, 98 and ME• Right-Click on the Network Neighborhood icon on your Windows desk-top and select Properties from the pull-down menu.• In the list of network components, highlight the entry that says “TCP/IP ([your Ethernet card here])”.• Click the Properties button.• Click the Obtain an IP address automatically radio button. Click the DNS Configuration tab. Click the Disable DNS radio button. Click the Gateway tab and remove any installed Gateways. Click the OK button twice. When prompted, restart your PC.Proceed to “Configure the Cayman Gateway” on page 23.• Windows 2000 and XP• Right Click on the My Network Places icon on your Windows desktop and select Properties.• Select your Local Area Connection.• Right click on your Local Area Connection and select Properties.• Select Internet Protocol [TCP/IP].• Click the Properties button.• Click the Obtain IP address automatically radio button and the Obtain DNS server address automatically radio button. Click the OK button.
22Proceed to “Configure the Cayman Gateway” on page 23.• Macintosh Mac OSYour Macintosh must be using MacOS 7.6.1 or higher.• Select Control Panels from the Apple Menu.• Open the TCP/IP Control Panel.• Choose Connect via Ethernet.• Choose Configure Using DHCP Server. Close and Save.• You do not have to restart the Macintosh. Launch your Web browser, such as Netscape Navigator or Internet Explorer.Proceed to “Configure the Cayman Gateway” on page 23.• Mac OS X• Launch System Preferences from the Dock or from the Apple Menu.• Select the Network Preference Pane.• Choose Show: Built-in Ethernet.• Click the TCP/IP tab.• Choose Configure: Using DHCP.• Quit System Preferences.• You do not have to restart the Macintosh. Launch your Web browser, such as Netscape Navigator or Internet Explorer.Proceed to “Configure the Cayman Gateway” on page 23.
23Configure the Cayman GatewayConfigure the Cayman Gateway1. Run your Web browser application, such as Netscape Navigator or Microsoft Internet Explorer, from the computer connected to the Cayman Gateway.Enter http://192.168.1.254 in the Location text box. The Admin Password page appears.Access to your Cayman device can be controlled through two access con-trol accounts, Admin or User.•The Admin, or administrative user, performs all configuration, manage-ment or maintenance operations on the Gateway. •The User account provides monitor capability only. A user may NOT change the configuration, perform upgrades or invoke maintenance functions. For the security of your connection, an Admin password must be set on the Cayman unit.
24The browser then displays the Welcome page.The browser then displays the Quickstart web page.2. Enter the username and password supplied by your Internet Service Pro-vider. Click the Connect to the Internet button.Once you enter your username and password here, you will no longer need to enter them whenever you access the Internet. The Cayman Gate-way stores this information and automatically connects you to the Inter-net.
25Configure the Cayman GatewayThe Gateway displays a message while it configures itself.3. When the connection succeeds, your browser will display a success message.Once a connection is established, your browser is redirected to your ser-vice provider’s home page or a registration page on the Internet.4. Congratulations! Your installation is complete. You can now surf to your favorite Web sites by typing an URL in your browser’s location box or by selecting one of your favorite Internet bookmarks.
26Cayman Gateway Status Indicator LightsColored LEDs on your Cayman Gateway indicate the status of various port activity. Different Gateway models have different ports for your connections and different indicator LEDs. The Quickstart Guide accompanying your Cay-man Gateway describes the behavior of the various indicator LEDs.Example status indicator lightsnetopiaStatus Indicator Lights (LEDs)
27Home Page - Basic ModeHome Page - Basic ModeAfter you have performed the basic Quickstart configuration, any time you log in to your Cayman Gateway you will access the Cayman Gateway Home Page. You access the Home Page by typing http://192.168.1.254 in your Web browser’s location box.The Basic Mode Home Page appears.
28The Home Page displays the following information in the center section: The links in the left-hand column on this page allow you to manage or con-figure several features of your Gateway. Each link is described in its own section.Item DescriptionLocal WAN IP AddressThis is the negotiated address of the Gateway’s WAN interface. This address is usually dynamically assigned.Remote Gateway AddressThis is the negotiated address of the remote router to which this Gateway is connected.Primary DNSSecondary DNSThese are the negotiated DNS addresses.ISP Username This is your PPPoE username as assigned by your service pro-vider.Status of Connection‘Waiting for DSL’ is displayed while the Gateway is training. This should change to ‘Up’ within two minutes.‘Up’ is displayed when the ADSL line is synched and the PPPoE session is established.‘Down’ indicates inability to establish a connection; possible line failure.Serial Number This is the unique serial number of your Gateway.Software ReleaseThis is the version number of the current embedded software in your Gateway.Warranty Date This is the date that your Gateway was installed and enabled.Ethernet StatusLocal Area Network (Ethernet) is either Up or DownUSB Status If your Gateway is so equipped, Local Area Network (USB) is either Up or Down
29Home Page - Basic ModeLink: Manage My AccountYou can change your ISP account information for the Cayman Gateway. You can also manage other aspects of your account on your service provider’s account management Web site.Click on the Manage My Account link. The Manage My Account page appears.Enter your username, and then your new password. Confirm your new pass-word. For security, your actual passwords are not displayed on the screen as you type. You must enter the new password twice to be sure you have typed it correctly.Click the Submit button. Click the Continue button. You will be taken to your service provider’s Web site account management page.
30Link: Status DetailsIf you need to diagnose any problems with your Cayman Gateway or its con-nection to the Internet, you can run a sophisticated diagnostic tool. It checks several aspects of your physical and electronic connection and reports its results on-screen. This can be useful for troubleshooting, or when speaking with a technical support technician.Click on the Status Details link. The Diagnostics page appears.Click on the Run Diagnostics button to run your diagnostic tests. For a detailed description of these tests, see “Diagnostics” on page 166.
31Home Page - Basic ModeLink: Enable Remote ManagementThis link allows you to authorize a remotely-located person, such as a sup-port technician, to directly access your Cayman Gateway. This is useful for fixing configuration problems when you need expert help. You can limit the amount of time such a person will have access to your Gateway. This will prevent unauthorized individuals from gaining access after the time limit has expired.Click the Enable Rmt Mgmt link. The Enable Remote Management page appears.Since you’ve already has entered an Admin password, you can use that Admin password or enter a new password. If you enter a new password, it becomes the temporary Admin password. After the time-out period has expired, the Admin password reverts to the original Admin password you entered.
32Enter a temporary password for the person you want to authorize, and con-firm it by typing it again. You can select a time-out period for this password, from 5 to 30 minutes, from the pull-down menu. Be sure to tell the autho-rized person what the password is, and for how long the time-out is set. Click the Submit button.Link: Expert ModeMost users will find that the basic Quickstart configuration is all that they ever need to use. Some users, however, may want to do more advanced configuration. The Cayman Gateway has many advanced features that can be accessed and configured through the Expert Mode pages.Click on the Expert Mode link to display the Expert Mode Confirmation page.You should carefully consider any configuration changes you want to make, and be sure that your service provider supports them.Once you click the OK button you will be taken to the Expert Mode Home Page.
33Home Page - Basic ModeThe Expert Mode Home Page is the main access point for configuring and managing the advanced features of your Gateway. See “Expert Mode” on page 35 for information.Link: Update FirmwarePeriodically, the embedded firmware in your Gateway may be updated to improve the operation or add new features. Your gateway includes its own onboard installation capability. Your service provider may inform you when new firmware is available, or you can check for yourself.Click the Update Firmware link. The Firmware Update Confirmation page appears.If you click the Continue button, the Gateway will check a remote Firmware Server for the latest firmware revision. If a newer version is found, your firm-ware will be automatically updated once you confirm the installation.
34Link: Factory ResetIn some cases, you may need to clear all the configuration settings and start over again to program the Cayman Gateway. You can perform a factory reset to do this.Click on Factory Reset to reset the Gateway back to its original factory default settings. ☛ NOTE:Exercise caution before performing a Factory Reset. This will erase any configuration changes that you may have made and allow you to reprogram your Gateway.
35Overview of Major CapabilitiesCHAPTER 3 Expert ModeUsing the Expert Mode Web-based user interface for the Netopia Cayman-series Gateway you can configure, troubleshoot, and monitor the status of your Gateway. Overview of Major Capabilities•“Wide Area Network Termination” on page 36The Gateway combines a traditional modem with an Internet router. It translates protocols used on the Internet to protocols used by home personal computers and eliminates the need for special desktop software (i.e. PPPoE). •“Simplified Local Area Network Setup” on page 38Built-in DHCP and DNS proxy features minimize or eliminate the need to pro-gram any network configuration into your home personal computer.
36•“Management” on page 39A Web server built into the Cayman Operating System makes setup and mainte-nance easy using standard browsers. Diagnostic tools facilitate troubleshoot-ing.•“Security” on page 40Network Address Translation (NAT), password protection, and other built-in security features prevent unauthorized remote access to your network. Pin-holes, default server, and other features permit access to computers on your home network that you can specify.Wide Area Network TerminationPPPoE/PPPoA (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet/ATM). The PPPoE specification, incorporating the PPP and Ethernet standards, allows your computer(s) to connect to your Service Provider’s network through your Ethernet WAN connection. The Cayman-series Gateway supports PPPoE/PPPoA, eliminating the need to install PPPoE client software on any LAN computers.Service Providers may require the use of PPP authentication protocols such as Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP) or Password Authentication Protocol (PAP). CHAP and PAP use a username and password pair to authenticate users with a PPP server.A CHAP authentication process works as follows:1. The password is used to scramble a challenge string.2. The password is a shared secret, known by both peers. 3. The unit sends the scrambled challenge back to the peer.PAP, a less robust method of authentication, sends a username and pass-word to a PPP server to be authenticated. PAP’s username and password pair are not encrypted, and are therefore sent “unscrambled”.
37Overview of Major CapabilitiesInstant-On PPP. You can configure your Gateway for one of two types of Internet connections:•Always On•Instant OnThese selections provide either an uninterrupted Internet connection or an as-needed connection. While an Always On connection is convenient, it does leave your network permanently connected to the Internet, and therefore potentially vulnerable to attacks. Cayman's Instant On technology furnishes almost all the benefits of an Always-On connection while providing two additional security benefits:•Your network cannot be attacked when it is not connected.•Your network may change address with each connection making it more difficult to attack.When you configure Instant On access, you can also configure an idle time-out value. Your Gateway monitors traffic over the Internet link and when there has been no traffic for the configured number of seconds, it discon-nects the link. When new traffic that is destined for the Internet arrives at the Gateway, the Gateway will instantly re-establish the link. Your service provider may be using a system that assigns the Internet address of your Gateway out of a pool of many possible Internet addresses. The address assigned varies with each connection attempt, which makes your network a moving target for any attacker.
38Simplified Local Area Network SetupDHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) Server. DHCP Server functionality enables the Gateway to assign to your LAN computer(s) a “pri-vate” IP address and other parameters that allow network communication. The default DHCP Server configuration of the Gateway supports up to 253 LAN IP addresses.This feature simplifies network administration because the Gateway main-tains a list of IP address assignments. Additional computers can be added to your LAN without the hassle of configuring an IP address.DNS Proxy. Domain Name System (DNS) provides end users with the abil-ity to look for devices or web sites by typing their names, rather than IP addresses. For web surfers, this technology allows you to enter the URL (Universal Resource Locator) as text to surf to a desired website. The Cayman DNS Proxy feature allows the LAN-side IP address of the Gate-way to be used for proxying DNS requests from hosts on the LAN to the DNS Servers configured in the gateway. This is accomplished by having the Gateway's LAN address handed out as the “DNS Server” to the DHCP cli-ents on the LAN.
39Overview of Major Capabilities☛ NOTE:The Cayman DNS Proxy only proxies UDP DNS queries, not TCP DNS queries.ManagementEmbedded Web Server. There is no specialized software to install on your PC to configure, manage, or maintain your Cayman Gateway. Web pages embedded in the operating system provide access to the following Gateway operations:•Setup•System and security logs•Diagnostics functionsOnce you have removed your Cayman Gateway from its packing container and powered the unit up, use any LAN attached PC or workstation running a common web browser application to configure and monitor the Gateway. Diagnostics. In addition to the Gateway’s visual LED indicator lights, you can run an extensive set of diagnostic tools from your Web browser. Two of the facilities are:•Automated “Multi-Layer” Test The Run Diagnostics link initiates a sequence of tests. They examine the entire functionality of the Gateway, from the physical connections to the data traffic.•Network Test ToolsThree test tools to determine network reachability are available:
40Ping - tests the “reachability” of a particular network destination by sending an ICMP echo request and waiting for a reply.NSLookup - converts a domain name to its IP address and vice versa.TraceRoute - displays the path to a destination by showing the number of hops and the router addresses of these hops.The system log also provides diagnostic information.☛ NOTE:Your Service Provider may request information that you acquire from these various diagnostic tools. Individual tests may be per-formed at the command line. (See “Command Line Interface” on page 171.).SecurityRemote Access Control. You can determine whether or not an administra-tor or other authorized person has access to configuring your Gateway. This access can be turned on or off in the Web interface.Password Protection. Access to your Cayman device can be controlled through two access control accounts, Admin or User.•The Admin, or administrative user, performs all configuration, manage-ment or maintenance operations on the Gateway. •The User account provides monitor capability only. A user may NOT change the configuration, perform upgrades or invoke maintenance functions. Network Address Translation (NAT). The Cayman Gateway Network Address Translation (NAT) security feature lets you conceal the topology of a
41Overview of Major Capabilitieshard-wired Ethernet or wireless network connected to its LAN interface from routers on networks connected to its WAN interface. In other words, the end computer stations on your LAN are invisible from the Internet.Only a single WAN IP address is required to provide this security support for your entire LAN.LAN sites that communicate through an Internet Service Provider typically enable NAT, since they usually purchase only one IP address from the ISP.•When NAT is ON, the Cayman Gateway “proxies” for the end computer stations on your network by pretending to be the originating host for net-work communications from non-originating networks. The WAN interface address is the only IP address exposed.The Cayman Gateway tracks which local hosts are communicating with which remote hosts. It routes packets received from remote networks to the correct computer on the LAN (Ethernet) interface. •When NAT is OFF, a Cayman Gateway acts as a traditional TCP/IP router, all LAN computers/devices are exposed to the Internet.A diagram of a typical NAT-enabled LAN follows:
42 ☛ NOTE:1. The default setting for NAT is ON.2. Cayman uses Port Address Translation (PAT) to implement the NAT facility.3. NAT Pinhole traffic (discussed below) is always initiated from the WAN side.Cayman Advanced Features for NAT. Using the NAT facility provides effective LAN security. However, there are user applications that require methods to selectively by-pass this security function for certain types of Internet traffic.WAN InterfaceLANEthernet InterfaceCayman GatewayNATInternetEmbedded Admin Services:HTTP-Web Server and Telnet Server PortNAT-protectedLAN stationsEthernet
43Overview of Major CapabilitiesCayman Gateways provide special pinhole configuration rules that enable users to establish NAT-protected LAN layouts that still provide flexible by-pass capabilities.Some of these rules require coordination with the unit’s embedded admin-istration services: the internal Web (HTTP) Port (TCP 80) and the internal Telnet Server Port (TCP 23). Internal Servers. The internal servers are the embedded Web and Telnet servers of the Gateway. You would change the internal server ports for Web and Telnet of the Gateway if you wanted to have these services on the LAN using pinholes or the Default server. Pinhole configuration rules provide an internal port forwarding facility that enables you to eliminate conflicts with embedded administrative ports 80 and 23.Pinholes. This feature allows you to:•Transparently route selected types of network traffic using the port for-warding facility.FTP requests or HTTP (Web) connections are directed to a specific host on your LAN.•Setup multiple pinhole paths.Up to 32 paths are supported•Identify the type(s) of traffic you want to redirect by port number.Common TCP/IP protocols and ports are:See page 78 for How To instructions.FTP (TCP 21) telnet (TCP 23)SMTP (TCP 25) HTTP (TCP 80)SNMP (TCP 161, UDP 161)
44Default Server. This feature allows you to:•Direct your Gateway to forward all externally initiated IP traffic (TCP and UDP protocols only) to a default host on the LAN.•Enable it for certain situations:Where you cannot anticipate what port number or packet protocol an in-bound application might use. For example, some network games select arbitrary port numbers when a connection is opened.When you want all unsolicited traffic to go to a specific LAN host.Combination NAT Bypass Configuration. Specific pinholes and Default Server settings, each directed to different LAN devices, can be used together.☛ WARNING:Creating a pinhole or enabling a Default Server allows inbound access to the specified LAN station. Contact your Network Admin-istrator for LAN security questions. IP-Passthrough. Cayman OS now offers an IP passthrough feature. The IP passthrough feature allows a single PC on the LAN to have the Gateway’s public address assigned to it. It also provides PAT (NAPT) via the same pub-lic IP address for all other hosts on the private LAN subnet.VPN IPSec Pass Through. This Cayman service supports your indepen-dent VPN client software in a transparent manner. Cayman has imple-mented an Application Layer Gateway (ALG) to support multiple PCs running IP Security protocols.This feature has three elements:
45Overview of Major Capabilities1. On power up or reset, the address mapping function (NAT) of the Gate-way’s WAN configuration is turned on by default.2. When you use your third-party VPN application, the Gateway recognizes the traffic from your client and your unit. It allows the packets to pass through the NAT “protection layer” via the encrypted IPSec tunnel.3. The encrypted IPSec tunnel is established “through” the Gateway.A typical VPN IPSec Tunnel pass through is diagrammed below:☛ NOTE:Typically, no special configuration is necessary to use the IPSec pass through feature.In the diagram, VPN PC clients are shown behind the Cayman Gateway and the secure server is at Corporate Headquarters across the WAN. You cannot have your secure server behind the Cayman Gateway.When multiple PCs are starting IPSec sessions, they must be CaymanGateway
46started one at a time to allow the associations to be created and mapped.VPN IPSec Tunnel Termination. This Cayman service supports termina-tion of VPN IPsec tunnels at the Gateway. This permits tunnelling from the Gateway without the use of third-party VPN client software on your client PCs.Stateful Inspection Firewall. Stateful inspection is a security feature that prevents unsolicited inbound access when NAT is disabled. You can config-ure UDP and TCP “no-activity” periods that will also apply to NAT time-outs if stateful inspection is enabled on the interface.
47Access the Web InterfaceAccess the Web InterfaceOpen the Web ConnectionOnce your Gateway is powered up, you can use any recent version of the best-known web browsers such as Netscape Navigator or Microsoft Internet Explorer from any LAN-attached PC or workstation. The procedure is:1. Enter the name or IP address of your Cayman Gateway in the Web browser's window and press Return.For example, you would enter http://192.168.1.254.2. If an administrator or user password has been assigned to the Cayman Gateway, enter Admin or User as the username and the appropriate pass-word and click OK.The Basic Mode Home Page opens.3. Click on the Expert Mode link in the left-hand column of links.
48You are challenged to confirm your choice.Click OK.The Home Page opens in Expert Mode.
49Access the Web InterfaceHome Page - Expert ModeThe Home Page is the summary page for your Cayman Gateway. The toolbar at the top provides links to controlling, configuring, and monitoring pages. Critical configuration and operational status is displayed in the center sec-tion.
50Home Page - InformationThe Home page’s center section contains a summary of the Gateway’s configuration settings and operational status.Summary Information Field Status and/or DescriptionGeneral InformationHardware Model number and summary specificationSerial Number Unique serial number, located on label attached to bottom of unitSoftware Version Release and build number of running Cayman Operating System.Product ID Refers to internal circuit board series; useful in determining which software upgrade applies to your hardware type.WANStatus Wide Area Network may be Waiting for DSL (or other waiting status), Up or DownData Rate (Kbps) Once connected, displays DSL speed rate, Downstream and UpstreamLocal Address IP address assigned to the WAN port.Peer Address The IP address of the gateway to which the connection defaults. If doing DHCP, this info will be acquired. If doing PPP, this info will be negotiated.Connection Type May be either Instant On or Always On.NATOn or Off. ON if using Network Address Translation to share the IP address across many LAN users.WAN Users Displays the number of users allotted and the total number available for use.LANIP Address Internal IP address of the Cayman Gateway.Netmask Defines the IP subnet for the LAN Default is 255.255.255.0 for a Class C deviceDHCP ServerOn or Off. ON if using DHCP to get IP addresses for your LAN client machines.DHCP Leases A “lease” is held by each LAN client that has obtained an IP address through DHCP.DNS The default IP address of the current DNS server, if not specified. 0.0.0.0 means that the gateway address is supplied from the WAN.
51ToolbarToolbarThe toolbar is the dark blue bar at the top of the page containing the major navigation buttons. These buttons are available from almost every page, allowing you to move freely about the site. Home Configure Troubleshoot Security Install Restart HelpQuickstart System Status Passwords Install KeyLAN Network Tools Firewall Install SoftwareWAN Diagnostics IPSecAdvanced Security Log
52Navigating the Web InterfaceLink: Breadcrumb TrailThe breadcrumb trail is built in the light brown area beneath the toolbar. As you navigate down a path within the site, the trail is built from left to right. To return anywhere along the path from which you came, click on one of the links.
53RestartRestartButton: RestartThe Restart button on the toolbar allows you to restart the Gateway at any time. You will be prompted to confirm the restart before any action is taken. The Restart Confirmation message explains the consequences of and rea-sons for restarting the Gateway.
54Link: Alert SymbolThe Alert symbol appears in the upper right corner if you make a database change; one in which a change is made to the Gateway’s configuration. The Alert serves as a reminder that you must Save the changes and Restart the Gateway before the change will take effect. You can make many changes on various pages, and even leave the browser for up to 5 minutes, but if the Gateway is restarted before the changes are applied, they will be lost. When you click on the Alert symbol, the Save Changes page appears. Here you can select various options to save or discard these changes.If more than one Alert is triggered, you will need to take action to clear the first Alert before you can see the second Alert.
55HelpHelpButton: HelpContext-sensitive Help is provided in CaymanOS. The page shown here is displayed when you are on the Home page or other transitional pages. To see a context help page example, go to Security -> Passwords, then click Help.
56ConfigureButton: ConfigureThe Configuration options are presented in the order of likelihood you will need to use them. Quickstart is typically accessed during the hardware installation and initial configuration phase. Often, these settings should be changed only in accordance with information from your Service Provider. LAN and WAN settings are available to fine-tune your system. Advanced provides some special capabilities typically used for gaming or small office environments, or where LAN-side servers are involved.☛ This button will not be available if you log on as User.QuickstartHow to Use the Quickstart Page. Quickstart is normally used immedi-ately after the new hardware is installed. When you are first configuring your Gateway, Quickstart appears first.(Once you have configured your Gateway, logging on displays the Home page. Thereafter, if you need to use Quickstart, choose it from the Expert Mode Configure menu.)Link: Configure -> QuickstartSetup Your Gateway using a PPP Connection. This example screen is the for a PPP Quickstart configuration. Your gate-way authenticates with the Service Provider equipment using the ISP User-
57Configurename and Password. These values are given to you by your Service Provider. 1. Enter your ISP Username and ISP Password.2. Click Connect to the Internet.A brief message is displayed while the Gateway attempts to establish a con-nection. 3. When the connection succeeds, your browser will display your Service Provider’s home page.If you encounter any problems connecting, refer to the chapters “Basic Troubleshooting” on page 147 or “Advanced Troubleshooting” on page 157.
58LANLink: Configure -> LAN* Enable Interface: Enables all LAN-connected computers to share resources and to connect to the WAN. The Interface should always be enabled unless you are instructed to disable it by your Service Provider dur-ing troubleshooting.* IP Address: The LAN IP Address of the Gateway. The IP Address you assign to your LAN interface must not be used by another device on your LAN network.* IP Netmask: Specifies the subnet mask for the TCP/IP network con-nected to the virtual circuit. The subnet mask specifies which bits of the 32-bit binary IP address represent network information. The default subnet mask for most networks is 255.255.255.0 (Class C subnet mask.)
59Configure* Restrictions: Specifies whether an administrator can open a Web Admin-istrator or Telnet connection to the Gateway over the LAN interface in order to monitor and configure the Gateway. On the LAN Interface, you can enable or disable administrator access. By default, administrative restrictions are turned off, meaning an administrator can open a Web Administrator or Tel-net connection through the LAN Interface.• Advanced: Clicking on the Advanced link displays the Advanced LAN IP Interface page.•IGMP Forwarding: The default setting is Disabled. If you check this option, it will enable Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) multi-cast forwarding. IGMP allows a router to determine which host groups have members on a given network segment.•RIP Send Mode: Specifies whether the gateway should use Routing Information Protocol (RIP) broadcasts to advertise its routing tables to other routers on your network. You may choose from the following proto-cols:• RIP-1: Routing Information Protocol version 1• RIP-2: RIP Version 2 is an extension of the original Routing Information Protocol (RIP-1) that expands the amount of useful information in the RIP packets. While RIP-1 and RIP-2 share the same basic algorithms, RIP-2 supports several new features, including inclusion of subnet masks in RIP packets and implementation of multicasting instead of broadcasting (which reduces the load on hosts which do not support routing protocols.
60• RIP-1 compatibility: Compatible with RIP version 1• RIP-2 with MD5: MD5 authentication is an extension of RIP-2 that increases security by requiring an authentication key when routes are advertised.• RIP MD5 Key: Secret password when using RIP-2 with MD5. •RIP Receive Mode: Specifies whether the Gateway should use Routing Information Protocol (RIP) broadcasts to update its routing tables with information received from other routers on your network. The protocol choices are the same as for the RIP send mode.• DHCP Server: Your Gateway can provide network configuration informa-tion to computers on your LAN, using the Dynamic Host Configuration Proto-col (DHCP). If you already have a DHCP server on your LAN, you should turn this service off. If you want the Gateway to provide this service, click the Server Mode pull-down menu, choose Server, then configure the range of IP addresses that you would like the Gateway to hand out to your computers. You can also specify the length of time the computers can use the configu-ration information; DHCP calls this period the lease time.
61ConfigureYour Service Provider may, for certain services, want to provide configura-tion from its DHCP servers to the computers on your LANs. In this case, the Gateway will relay the DHCP requests from your computers to a DHCP server in the Service Provider's network. Click the relay-agent and enter the IP address of the Service Provider's DHCP server in the Server Address field. This address is furnished by the Service Provider.☛ NOTE:This option only works when NAT is off and the gateway is in router mode.• Wireless: If your Gateway is a wireless model (such as a 3347W) you can enable or disable the wireless LAN by clicking the Wireless link. Wireless functionality is enabled by default.
62If you uncheck the Enable Wireless checkbox, the Wireless Options are disabled, and the Gateway will not provide or broadcast any wireless LAN services.Wireless ID (ESSID): The ESSID is preset to a number that is unique to your unit. You can either leave it as is, or change it by entering a freeform name of up to 32 characters, for example “Ed’s Wireless LAN”. On client PCs’ software, this might also be called the Network Name. The ESSID is used to identify this particular wireless LAN. Depending on their operating system or client wireless card, users must either:•select from a list of available wireless LANs that appear in a scanned list on their client•or, if you are in Closed System Mode (see Enable Closed System Mode below), enter this name on their clients in order to join this wire-less LAN.You can then configure:Default Channel: (1 through 11) on which the network will broadcast. This is a frequency range within the 2.4Ghz band. Channel selection depends on government regulated radio frequencies that vary from region to region. The widest range available is from 1 to 14. However, in North America only 1 to 11 may be selected. Europe, France, Spain and Japan will differ. Channel selection can have a significant impact on performance, depending on other wireless activity close to this Gateway. Channel selection is not nec-essary at the client computers; the clients will scan the available channels seeking access points using the same ESSID as the client.Enable Closed System Mode: If enabled, Closed System Mode hides the wireless network from the scanning features of wireless client computers. Unless both the wireless clients and the Router share the same SSID in Closed System mode, the Router’s wireless LAN will not appear as an avail-able network when scanned for by wireless-enabled computers. Members of
63Configurethe Closed System WLAN must log onto the Router’s wireless network with the identical SSID as that configured in the router.Closed System mode is an ideal way to increase wireless security and to prevent casual detection by unwanted neighbors, office users, or malicious users such as hackers.If you do not enable Closed System Mode, it is more convenient, but poten-tially less secure, for clients to access your WLAN by scanning available access points. You must decide based on your own network requirements.About Closed System ModeEnabling Closed System Mode on your wireless Gateway provides another level of security, since your wireless LAN will no longer appear as an avail-able access point to client PCs that are casually scanning for one.Your own wireless network clients, however, must log into the wireless LAN by using the exact SSID of the Cayman Gateway.In addition, if you have enabled WEP encryption on the Cayman Gateway, your network clients must also have WEP encryption enabled, and must have the same WEP encryption key as the Cayman Gateway.Once the Cayman Gateway is located by a client computer, by setting the cli-ent to a matching SSID, the client can connect immediately if WEP is not enabled. If WEP is enabled then the client must also have WEP enabled and a matching WEP key. Wireless client cards from different manufacturers and different operating systems accomplish connecting to a wireless LAN and enabling WEP in a variety of ways. Consult the documentation for your particular wireless card and/or operating system. Enable WEP Encryption: You can provide a level of data security by enabling WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) for encryption of network data. You
64can enable 40-, 128-, or 256-bit WEP Encryption (depending on the capabil-ity of your client wireless card) for IP traffic on your LAN.You select a single key for encryption of outbound traffic. The WEP-enabled client must have an identical key of the same length, in the identical slot (1 – 4) as the Gateway, in order to successfully receive and decrypt the traffic. Similarly, the client also has a ‘default’ key that it uses to encrypt its trans-missions. In order for the Gateway to receive the client’s data, it must like-wise have the identical key of the same length, in the same slot. For simplicity, a Gateway and its clients need only enter, share, and use the first key.You are strongly encouraged to enable WEP encryption on your wireless LAN.The pull-down menu for enabling WEP offers three settings: Off - No Pri-vacy, On - Automatic, and On - Manual Entry.•Off - No Privacy provides no encryption on your wireless LAN data.
65Configure•On - Automatic is a passphrase generator. You enter a passphrase that you choose in the WEP key passphrase field. The passphrase can be any string of words or numbers. When you click the Submit button, the software generates encryption keys automatically.☛ NOTE: While clients may also have a passphrase feature, these are ven-dor-specific and may not necessarily create the same keys. You can passphrase generate a set of keys on one, and manually enter them on the other to get around this.
66Select the Encryption Key Size #1 – #4 from their respective pull-down menus. The longer the key, the stronger the encryption and the more diffi-cult it is to break the encryption.Use WEP encryption key (1 – 4) # specifies which key the Gateway will use to encrypt transmitted traffic. The default is key #1.When you click the Submit button, the software generates encryption keys automatically.
67Configure•On - Manual Entry allows you to enter your own encryption keys manu-ally. This is a difficult process, but only needs to be done once. Avoid the temptation to enter all the same characters.Encryption Key Size #1 – #4: Selects the length of each encryption key. The longer the key, the stronger the encryption and the more difficult it is to break the encryption.Encryption Key #1 – #4: The encryption keys. You enter keys using hexa-decimal digits. For 40/64bit encryption, you need ten digits; 26 digits for 128bit, and 58 digits for 256bit WEP. Hexadecimal characters are 0 – 9, and a – f.
68Examples:•40bit: 02468ACE02•128bit: 0123456789ABCDEF0123456789•256bit: 592CA140F0A238B0C61AE162F592CA140F0A238B0C61AE162F21A09CUse WEP encryption key (1 – 4) #: Specifies which key the Gateway will use to encrypt transmitted traffic. The default is key #1.You disable the wireless LAN by unchecking the Enable Wireless checkbox, clicking the Submit button, followed by the Save and Restart link.
69ConfigureWireless MAC Authentication: allows you to specify which client PCs are allowed to join the wireless LAN by specific hardware address. Once it is enabled, only entered MAC addresses that have been set to Allow will be accepted onto the wireless LAN. All unlisted addresses will be blocked, in addition to the listed addresses with Allow disabled.To enable Wireless MAC Authentication, click the MAC Authorization link.When the Wireless MAC Authentication screen appears, check the Enable Wireless MAC Authentication checkbox:The screen expands as follows:Click the Add button. The Authorized Wireless MAC Address Entry screen appears.
70Enter the MAC (hardware) address of the client PC you want to authorize for access to your wireless LAN. The Allow Access? checkbox is enabled by default. Unchecking this checkbox specifically denies access from this MAC address. Click the Submit button.Your entry will be added to a list of authorized addresses as shown:You can continue to Add, Edit, or Delete addresses to the list by clicking the respective buttons.
71ConfigureAfter your first entry, the Alert icon will appear in the upper right cor-ner of your screen. When you are finished adding addresses to the list, click the Alert icon, and Save your changes and restart the Gateway.
72WANLink: Configure -> WANWAN IP InterfacesYour IP interfaces are listed. Click on an interface to configure it.IP GatewayEnable Gateway: You can configure the Gateway to send packets to a default gateway if it does not know how to reach the destination host.Interface Type: If you have PPPoE enabled, you can specify that packets destined for unknown hosts will be sent to the gateway being used by the remote PPP peer. If you select ip-address, you must enter the IP address of a host on a local or remote network to receive the traffic.Default Gateway: The IP Address of the default gateway.
73ConfigureOther WAN OptionsPPPoE: You can enable or disable PPPoE. This link also allows configura-tion of NAT, admin restrictions, PPPoE username/password, and connec-tion type.ATM Circuits: You can configure the ATM circuits and the number of Ses-sions. The IP Interface(s) should be reconfigured after making changes here.COS Version 7 supports VPI/VCI autodetection by default. If VPI/VCI autodetection is enabled, the ATM Circuits page displays VPI/VCI = 0. If you configure a new ATM VPI/VCI pair, upon saving and restarting, auto-detection is disabled and only the new VPI/VCI pair configuration will be enabled.Available Encapsulation types: Available Multiplexing types:PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE) LLC/SNAPPPP over ATM (PPPoA) VC muxedRFC-1483 Bridged EthernetRFC-1483 Routed IPNone
74VPI/VCI Autodetection consists of eight static VPI/VCI pair configura-tions. These are 0/35, 8/35, 0/32, 1/35, 8/32, 1/1, 1/32, 2/32. These eight VPI/VCI pairs will be created if the Gateway is configured for autodetection. If the Gateway does not train to any of these preconfig-ured VPI/VCI pairs, then you can manually enter a VPI/VCI pair in the ATM Circuits page.ATM Traffic Shaping: You can prioritize delay-sensitive data by configur-ing the Quality of Service (QoS) characteristics of the virtual circuit. Click the ATM Traffic Shaping link.You can choose UBR (Unspecified Bit Rate) or CBR (Constant Bit Rate) from the pull-down menu and set the Peak Cell Rate (PCR) in the editable field.Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR) guarantees no minimum transmission rate. Cells are transmitted on a “best effort” basis. However, there is a cap on the maximum transmission rate for UBR VCs. In a practical situation:• UBR VCs should be transmitted at a priority lower than CBR.• Bandwidth should be shared equally among UBR VCs.UBR applications are non real time traffic such as IP data traffic.Constant Bit Rate (CBR) guarantees a certain transmission rate (although the application may under utilize this bandwidth). A Peak Cell Rate (PCR) characterizes CBR. CBR is most suited for real time applica-tions such as real time voice / video. Although it can be used for other applications.
75ConfigureClass PCR SCR MBS TransmitPriority CommentsUBR X N/A N/A Low PCR is a capCBR X N/A N/A High PCR is a guaranteed rate
76Link: AdvancedSelected Advanced options are discussed in the pages that follow. Many are self-explanatory or are dictated by your service provider.The following are links under Configure -> Advanced:Link: IP Static RoutesA static route identifies a manually configured pathway to a remote network. Unlike dynamic routes, which are acquired and confirmed periodically from other routers, static routes do not time out. Consequently, static routes are useful when working with PPP, since an intermittent PPP link may make maintenance of dynamic routes problematic.
77ConfigureYou can configure as many as 32 static IP routes for the Gateway.Link: IP Static ARPYour Gateway maintains a dynamic Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) table to map IP addresses to Ethernet (MAC) addresses. It populates this ARP table dynamically, by retrieving IP address/MAC address pairs only when it needs them. Optionally, you can define static ARP entries to map IP addresses to their corresponding Ethernet MAC addresses. Unlike dynamic ARP table entries, static ARP table entries do not time out. The IP address cannot be 0.0.0.0. The Ethernet MAC address entry is in nn-nn-nn-nn-nn-nn (hexadecimal) format.
78Link: PinholesPinholes allow you to transparently route selected types of network traffic, such as FTP requests or HTTP (Web) connections, to a specific host behind the Gateway. Creating a pinhole allows access traffic originating from a remote connection (WAN) to be sent to the internal computer (LAN) that is specified in the Pinhole page.Pinholes are common for applications like multiplayer online games. Refer to software manufacturer application documentation for specific traffic types and port numbers.Configure Specific Pinholes. Planning for Your Pinholes. Determine if any of the service applications that you want to provide on your LAN sta-tions use TCP or UDP protocols. If an application does, then you must con-figure a pinhole to implement port forwarding. This is accessed from the Advanced -> Pinholes page. Example: A LAN Requiring Three Pinholes . The procedure on the fol-lowing pages describes how you set up your NAT-enabled Cayman Gateway to support three separate applications. This requires passing three kinds of specific IP traffic through to your LAN. Application 1: You have a Web server located on your LAN behind your Cay-man Gateway and would like users on the Internet to have access to it. With NAT “On”, the only externally visible IP address on your network is the Gate-
79Configureway’s WAN IP (supplied by your Service Provider). All traffic intended for that LAN Web server must be directed to that IP address.Application 2: You want one of your LAN stations to act as the “central repository” for all email for all of the LAN users.Application 3: One of your LAN stations is specially configured for game applications. You want this specific LAN station to be dedicated to games. A sample table to plan the desired pinholes is:For this example, Internet protocols TCP and UDP must be passed through the NAT security feature and the Gateway’s embedded Web (HTTP) port must be re-assigned by configuring new settings on the Internal Servers page.☛ TIPS for making Pinhole Entries:1. If the port forwarding feature is required for Web services, ensure that the embedded Web server’s port number is re-assigned PRIOR to any Pinhole data entry. 2. Enter data for one Pinhole at a time.3. Use a unique name for each Pinhole. If you choose a duplicate name, it will overwrite the previous information without warning. WAN Traffic Type Protocol Pinhole Name LAN Internal IP Address Web TCP my-webserver 192.168.1.1 Email TCP my-mailserver 192.168.1.2 Games UDP my-games 192.168.1.3
80A diagram of this LAN example is:You can also use the LAN-side address of the Gateway, 192.168.1.x:8100 to access the web and 192.168.1.x:23 to access the telnet server.WANLANEthernet Interface192.168.1.1192.168.1.2192.168.1.3my-webservermy-mailservermy-gamesGatewayNATNAT PinholesEmbeddedWeb Server210.219.41.20210.219.41.20:8100Ethernet InterfaceInternet
81ConfigurePinhole Configuration Procedure. Use the following steps:1. From the Configure toolbar button -> Advanced link, select the Internal Servers link.Since Port Forwarding is required for this example, the Cayman embed-ded Web server is configured first.☛ NOTE:The two text boxes, Web (HTTP) Server Port and Telnet Server Port, on this page refer to the port numbers of the Cayman Gate-way’s embedded administration ports. To pass Web traffic through to your LAN station(s), select a Web (HTTP) Port number that is greater than 1024. In this example, you choose 8100.2. Type 8100 in the Web (HTTP) Server Port text box. 3. Click the Submit button.4. Click Advanced. Select the Pinholes link to go to the Pinhole page.
825. Click Add. Type your specific data into the Pinhole Entries table of this page. Click Submit. 6. Click on the Add or Edit more Pinholes link. Click the Add button. Add the next Pinhole. Type the specific data for the second Pinhole.
83Configure7. Click on the Add or Edit more Pinholes link. Click the Add button. Add the next Pinhole. Type the specific data for the third Pinhole.☛ NOTE:Note the following parameters for the “my-games” Pinhole:1. The Protocol ID is UDP.2. The external port is specified as a range.3. The Internal port is specified as the lower range entry.
848. Click on the Add or Edit more Pinholes link. Review your entries to be sure they are correct.9. Click the Alert button.10. Select the Save and Restart link to complete the entire Pinhole creation task and ensure that the parameters are properly saved.☛ NOTE:REMEMBER: When you have re-assigned the port address for the embedded Web server, you can still access this facility.Use the Gateway’s WAN address plus the new port number.In this example it would be <WAN Gateway address>:<new port number> or, in this case, 210.219.41.20:8100You can also use the LAN-side address of the Gateway, 192.168.1.x:8100 to access the web and 192.168.1.x:23 to access the telnet server.
85ConfigureLink: IPMapsIPMaps supports one-to-one Network Address Translation (NAT) for IP addresses assigned to servers, hosts, or specific computers on the LAN side of the Cayman Gateway. A single static or dynamic (DHCP) WAN IP address must be assigned to sup-port other devices on the LAN. These devices utilize Cayman’s default NAT/PAT capabilities.Configure the IPMaps FeatureFAQs for the IPMaps FeatureBefore configuring an example of an IPMaps-enabled network, review these frequently asked questions. What are IPMaps and how are they used? The IPMaps feature allows multiple static WAN IP addresses to be assigned to the Cayman Gateway. Static WAN IP addresses are used to support specific services, like a web server, mail server, or DNS server. This is accomplished by mapping a sep-arate static WAN IP address to a specific internal LAN IP address. All traffic arriving at the Gateway intended for the static IP address is transferred to
86the internal device. All outbound traffic from the internal device appears to originate from the static IP address. Locally hosted servers are supported by a public IP address while LAN users behind the NAT-enabled IP address are protected.IPMaps is compatible with the use of NAT, with either a statically assigned IP address or DHCP/PPP served IP address for the NAT table.What types of servers are supported by IPMaps? IPMaps allows a Cay-man Gateway to support servers behind the Gateway, for example, web, mail, FTP, or DNS servers. VPN servers are not supported at this time.Can I use IPMaps with my PPPoE or PPPoA connection? Yes. IPMaps can be assigned to the WAN interface provided they are on the same subnet. Service providers will need to ensure proper routing to all IP addresses assigned to your WAN interface.Will IPMaps allow IP addresses from different subnets to be assigned to my Gateway? IPMap will support statically assigned WAN IP addresses from the same subnet.WAN IP addresses from different subnets are not supported.
87ConfigureIPMaps Block DiagramThe following diagram shows the IPMaps principle in conjunction with exist-ing Cayman NAT operations:NAT/PAT Table143.137.50.37143.137.50.36143.137.50.35192.168.1.1192.168.1.n192.168.1.3192.168.1.2......Cayman GatewayStatic IP Addressesfor IPMaps Applications143.137.50.37143.137.50.36143.137.50.35Static IP AddressesorDHCP/PPP Served IP Address for Cayman’s default NAT/PAT CapabilitiesIPMaps:One-to-OneMultiple Address MappingLAN stations with WAN IP traffic forwarded by Cayman’s IPMapsLAN stations with WAN IP traffic forwarded by Cayman’s NAT function.WAN Interface LAN Interface192.168.1.1192.168.1.2192.168.1.3192.168.1.n...
88Link: Default ServerThis feature allows you to:•Direct your Gateway to forward all externally initiated IP traffic (TCP and UDP protocols only) to a default host on the LAN.• Enable it for certain situations: – Where you cannot anticipate what port number or packet protocol an in-bound application might use. For example, some network games select arbitrary port numbers when a connection is opened.– When you want all unsolicited traffic to go to a specific LAN host.•Configure for IP Passthrough.Configure a Default Server. This feature allows you to direct unsolicited or non-specific traffic to a designated LAN station. With NAT “On” in the Gateway, these packets normally would be discarded. For instance, this could be application traffic where you don’t know (in advance) the port or protocol that will be used. Some game applications fit this profile.Use the following steps to setup a NAT default server to receive this infor-mation:1. Select the Configure toolbar button, then Advanced, then the Default Server link.2. From the pull-down menu, select Default-Server. The NAT Server IP Address field appears.
89Configure3. Determine the IP address of the LAN computer you have chosen to receive the unexpected or unknown traffic.Enter this address in the NAT Server IP Address field.4. Click the Submit button. 5. Click the Alert button.6. Click the Save and Restart link to confirm.
90Typical Network Diagram. A typical network using the NAT Default Server looks like this:You can also use the LAN-side address of the Gateway, 192.168.1.x to access the web and telnet server.WANLANEthernet Interface192.168.1.3192.168.1.2192.168.1.1LAN STN #3LAN STN #2NAT Default ServerGatewayNATNAT PinholeEmbeddedWeb Server210.219.41.20210.219.41.20(Port 80 default)NAT protectedEthernet InterfaceInternet
91ConfigureNAT Combination Application. Cayman’s NAT security feature allows you to configure a sophisticated LAN layout that uses both the Pinhole and Default Server capabilities. With this topology, you configure the embedded administration ports as a first task, followed by the Pinholes and, finally, the NAT Default Server.When using both NAT pinholes and NAT Default Server the Gateway works with the following rules (in sequence) to forward traffic from the Internet to the LAN:1. If the packet is a response to an existing connection created by outbound traffic from a LAN PC, forward to that station.2. If not, check for a match with a pinhole configuration and, if one is found, forward the packet according to the pinhole rule.3. If there’s no pinhole, the packet is forwarded to the Default Server.IP-Passthrough. COS Version 7 now offers an IP passthrough feature. The IP passthrough feature allows a single PC on the LAN to have the Gateway’s public address assigned to it. It also provides PAT (NAPT) via the same pub-lic IP address for all other hosts on the private LAN subnet. Using IP passthrough:•The public WAN IP is used to provide IP address translation for private LAN computers.•The public WAN IP is assigned and reused on a LAN computer.•DHCP address serving can automatically serve the WAN IP address to a LAN computer.When DHCP is used for addressing the designated passthrough PC, the acquired or configured WAN address is passed to DHCP, which will dynamically configure a single-servable-address subnet, and reserve the address for the configured MAC address. This dynamic subnet configura-tion is based on the local and remote WAN address and subnet mask. If the WAN interface does not have a suitable subnet mask that is usable, for example when using PPP or PPPoE, the DHCP subnet configuration
92will default to a class C subnet mask.If you select IP-Passthrough the Host Hardware Address field displays. Here you enter the MAC address of the designated IP-Passthrough com-puter.•If this MAC address is not all zeroes, then it will use DHCP to set the LAN host's address to the (configured or acquired) WAN IP address.The MAC address must be six colon-delimited or dash-delimited sets of hex digits ('0' – 'FF').•If the MAC address is all zeroes, then the LAN host will have to be config-ured manually.Once configured, the passthrough host's DHCP leases will be shortened to two minutes. This allows for timely updates of the host's IP address, which will be a private IP address before the WAN connection is established. After the WAN connection is established and has an address, the passthrough host can renew its DHCP address binding to acquire the WAN IP address.A restriction. Since both the Gateway and the passthrough host will use the same IP address, new sessions that conflict with existing sessions will be rejected by the Gateway. For example, suppose you are a teleworker using an IPSec tunnel from the Gateway and from the passthrough host. Both tunnels go to the same remote endpoint, such as the VPN access con-centrator at your employer’s office. In this case, the first one to start the IPSec traffic will be allowed; the second one – since, from the WAN, it's indistinguishable – will fail.
93ConfigureLink: DNSYour Service Provider may maintain a Domain Name server. If you have the information for the DNS servers, enter it on the DNS page. If your Gateway is configured to use DHCP to obtain its WAN IP address, the DNS informa-tion is automatically obtained from that same DHCP Server. Link: DHCP ServerYour Gateway can provide network configuration information to computers on your LAN, using the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP). If you already have a DHCP server on your LAN, you should turn this service off. If you want the Gateway to provide this service, click the Server Mode pull-down menu, then configure the range of IP addresses that you would like the Gateway to hand out to your computers.
94You can also specify the length of time the computers can use the configu-ration information; DHCP calls this period the lease time.Your Service Provider may, for certain services, want to provide configura-tion from its DHCP servers to the computers on your LANs. In this case, the Gateway will relay the DHCP requests from your computers to a DHCP server in the Service Provider's network. Click the relay-agent and enter the IP address of the Service Provider's DHCP server in the Server Address field. This address is furnished by the Service Provider.Link: SNMPThe Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) lets a network adminis-trator monitor problems on a network by retrieving settings on remote net-work devices. The network administrator typically runs an SNMP management station program on a local host to obtain information from an SNMP agent. In this case, the Cayman Gateway is an SNMP agent.You enter SNMP configuration information on this page.Your network administrator furnishes the SNMP parameters.
95Configure☛ WARNING:SNMP presents you with a security issue. The community facility of SNMP behaves somewhat like a password. The community “public” is a well-known community name. It could be used to examine the configuration of your Gateway by your service provider or an uninvited reviewer. While Cayman's SNMP implementation does not allow changes to the configuration, the information can be read from the Gateway. If you are strongly concerned about security, you may delete the “public” community.
96Link: Advanced -> Ethernet BridgeThe Cayman Gateway can be used as a bridge, rather than a router. A bridge is a device that joins two networks. As an Internet access device, a bridge connects the home computer directly to the service provider’s net-work equipment with no intervening routing functionality, such as Network Address Translation. Your home computer becomes just another address on the service provider’s network. In a DSL connection, the bridge serves simply to convey the digital data information back and forth over your tele-phone lines in a form that keeps it separate from your voice telephone sig-nals.If your service provider’s network is set up to provide your Internet connec-tivity via bridge mode, you can set your Cayman Gateway to be compatible.Bridges let you join two networks, so that they appear to be part of the same physical network. As a bridge for protocols other than TCP/IP, your Gateway keeps track of as many as 512 MAC (Media Access Control) addresses, each of which uniquely identifies an individual host on a net-work. Your Gateway uses this bridging table to identify which hosts are accessible through which of its network interfaces. The bridging table con-tains the MAC address of each packet it sees, along with the interface over which it received the packet. Over time, the Gateway learns which hosts are available through its WAN port and/or its LAN port.When configured in Bridge Mode, the Cayman will act as a pass-through device and allow the workstations on your LAN to have public addresses directly on the internet. ☛ NOTE:In this mode the Cayman is providing NO firewall protection as is afforded by NAT. Also, only the workstations that have a public address can access the internet. This can be useful if you have multiple static public IPs on the LAN.
97ConfigureConfiguring for Bridge Mode1. Browse into the Cayman Gateway’s web interface.2. Click on the Configure button in the upper Menu bar.3. Click on the LAN link.The LAN page appears.4. In the box titled LAN IP Interface (Ethernet 100BT): a. Check the Enable Interface selection.*Make note of the Ethernet IP Address and subnet mask.
98You can use this address to access the router in the future. b. Click Submit.5. Click on the Advanced link in the left-hand links toolbar.6. Under the heading of Services, click on the Ethernet Bridge link.The Ethernet Bridge page appears.7. Check the Enable Bridging Function selection.The window expands.8. Under Ethernet 100BT (LAN):Check the Enable Bridging on Port selection.9. Under RFC-1483 Bridged Ethernet vcc1 (WAN), or under PPP over Ether-net vcc1 (WAN) [as per your configuration]:a. Check the Enable Bridging on Port selection.b. Click Submit.
99Configure10. At this point you should be ready to do the final save on the configuration changes you have made. The yellow Alert symbol will show up underneath the Help button on the right-hand end on the menu bar.11. Click on this symbol and you will see whether your changes have been verified.12. If you are satisfied with the changes you have made, click Save and Restart in the Save Database box to Apply changes and restart Gateway. You have now configured your Cayman Gateway for bridging, and it will bridge all traffic across the WAN. You will need to make configurations to your machines on your LAN. These settings must be made in accordance with your ISP. If you ever need to get back into the Cayman Gateway again for management reasons, you will need to manually configure your machine
100to be in the same subnet as the Ethernet interface of the Cayman, since DHCP server is not operational in bridge mode.Link: SystemThe System Name defaults to your Gateway's factory identifier combined with its serial number. Some cable-oriented Service Providers use the Sys-tem Name as an important identification and support parameter. If your Gateway is part of this type of network, do NOT alter the System Name unless specifically instructed by your Service Provider.The System Name can be 1-63 characters long; it can include embedded spaces and special characters.The Log Message Level alters the severity at which messages are col-lected in the Gateway's system log. Do not alter this field unless instructed by your Support representative.
101ConfigureLink: Syslog ParametersYou can configure a UNIX-compatible syslog client to report a number of subsets of the events entered in the Gateway’s WAN Event History. Syslog sends log-messages to a host that you specify.To enable syslog logging, click on the Syslog Parameters link.Check the Syslog checkbox. The screen expands.•Syslog: Enable syslog logging in the system.•Syslog Host Name/IP Address: Enter the name or the IP Address of the host that should receive syslog messages.
102•Facility: From the pull-down menu, select the Syslog facility to be used by the router when generating syslog messages. Options are local0 through local7.•Log Violations: If you check this checkbox, the Gateway will generate messages whenever a packet is discarded because it violates the router's security policy.•Log Access Attempts: If you check this checkbox, the Gateway will gen-erate messages whenever a packet attempts to access the router or tries to pass through the router. This option is disabled by default.•Log Accepted Packets: If you check this checkbox, the Gateway will generate messages whenever a packet accesses the router or passes through the router. This option is disabled by default.Syslog messages generated by the Gateway may display the following rea-sons:1. permitted 8. dropped - fragmented packet 15. TCP SYN flood detected2. attempt 9. dropped - cannot fragment 16. Telnet receive DoS attack - packets dropped3. administrative access authenticated and allowed 10. dropped - no route found 17. administrative access denied - telnet access not allowed4. administrative access allowed 11. dropped - possible land attack 18. administrative access denied - invalid user name5. dropped - violation of secu-rity policy 12. dropped – reassembly timeout 19. administrative access denied - invalid password6. dropped - invalid check-sum 13. dropped – illegal size 20. administrative access denied - web access not allowed7. dropped - invalid data length 14. dropped - invalid IP ver-sion 21. administrative access attempted
103ConfigureLink: Internal ServersYour Gateway ships with an embedded Web server and support for a Telnet session, to allow ease of use for configuration and maintenance. The default ports of 80 for HTTP and 23 for Telnet may be reassigned. This is necessary if a pinhole is created to support applications using port 80 or 23. See “Pinholes” on page 78. for more information on Pinhole configura-tion.Web (HTTP) Server Port: To reassign the port number used to access the Cayman embedded Web server, change this value to a value greater than 1024. When you next access the embedded Cayman Web server, append the IP address with <port number>, (e.g. Point your browser to http://210.219.41.20:8080).Telnet Server Port: To reassign the port number used to access your Cay-man embedded Telnet server, change this value to a value greater than 1024. When you next access the Cayman embedded Telnet server, append the IP address with <port number>, (e.g. telnet 210.219.41.20 2323).You can also use the LAN-side address of the Gateway, 192.168.1.x:8100 to access the web server and 192.168.1.x:2323 to access the telnet server. The value of 0 for an internal server port will disable that server. You can disable Telnet or Web, but not both. If you disabled both ports, you would not be able to reconfigure the unit without pressing the reset button.
104Link: Software HostingSoftware Hosting allows you to host internet applications when NAT is enabled. User(PC) specifies the machine on which the selected software is hosted. You can host different games and software on different PCs.To select the games or software that you want to host for a specific PC, highlight the name(s) in the box on the left side of the screen. Click the Add button to select the software that will be hosted.To remove a game or software from the hosted list, highlight the game or software you want to remove and click the Remove button.
105ConfigureList of Supported Games and SoftwareRename a User(PC)If a PC on your LAN has no assigned host name, you can assign one by clicking the Rename a User(PC) link.Age of Empires, v.1.0 Age of Empires: The Rise of Rome, v.1.0 Age of WondersBaldur's Gate Battlefield Communicator CART Precision Racing, v 1.0Close Combat for Windows 1.0 Close Combat: A Bridge Too Far, v 2.0 Close Combat III: The Rus-sian Front, v 1.0Combat Flight Sim: WWII Europe Series, v 1.0 Combat Flight Sim 2: WWII Pacific Thr, v 1.0 Diablo II ServerFTP GNUtella H.323 compliant (Netmeet-ing, CUSeeME)Half Life Hellbender for Windows, v 1.0 Heretic IIHTTP IPSec Jedi Knight II: Jedi OutcastLime Wire Links LS 2000 Mech Warrior 3Mech Warrior 4: Vengeance Medal of Honor Allied Assault Microsoft Flight Simulator 98Microsoft Flight Simulator 2000 Microsoft Golf 1998 Edition, v 1.0 Microsoft Golf 1999 EditionMicrosoft Golf 2001 Edition Midtown Madness, v 1.0 Monster Truck Madness, v 1.0Monster Truck Madness 2, v 2.0 pcAnywhere (incoming) POP-3PPTP Quake II Quake IIISMTP SSH server StarCraftStarLancer, v 1.0 Telnet TimbuktuTotal Annihilation TFTP Unreal Tournament ServerUrban Assault, v 1.0 Win2000 Terminal Server
106To rename a server, select the server from the pull-down menu. Then type a new name in the text box below the pull-down menu. Click the Update but-ton to save the new name.☛ NOTE:The new name given to a server is only known to Software Host-ing. It is not used as an identifier in other network functions, such as DNS or DHCP.Link: Clear OptionsTo restore the factory configuration of the Gateway, choose Clear Options. You may want to upload your configuration to a file before performing this function. You can do this using the upload command via the command-line interface. See the upload command on page 187.Clear Options does not clear feature keys or affect the software image or BootPROM.You must restart the Gateway for Clear Options to take effect.
107Configure
108SecurityButton: SecurityThe Security features are available by clicking on the Security toolbar but-ton. Some items of this category do not appear when you log on as User.
109SecurityLink: PasswordsAccess to your Gateway may be controlled through two optional user accounts, Admin and User. When you first power up your Gateway, you cre-ate a password for the Admin account. The User account does not exist by default. As the Admin, a password for the User account can be entered or existing passwords changed.Create and Change Passwords. You can establish different levels of access security to protect your Cayman Gateway settings from unauthorized display or modification.•Admin level privileges let you display and modify all settings in the Cay-man Gateway (Read/Write mode). The Admin level password is created when you first access your Gateway.•User level privileges let you display (but not change) settings of the Cay-man Gateway. (Read Only mode)To prevent anyone from observing the password you enter, characters in the old and new password fields are not displayed as you type them.
110To display the Passwords window, click the Security toolbar button on the Home page.Use the following procedure to change existing passwords or add the User password for your Cayman Gateway:1. Select the password type from the Password Level pull-down list.Choose from Admin or User.2. If you assigned a password to the Cayman Gateway previously, enter your current password in the Old Password field.3. Enter your new password in the New Password field.Cayman’s rules for a Password are:•It can have up to eight alphanumeric characters. •It is case-sensitive.
111Security4. Enter your new password again in the Confirm Password field.You confirm the new password to verify that you entered it correctly the first time.5. When you are finished, click the Submit button to store your modified configuration in the Cayman unit’s memory.Password changes are automatically saved, and take effect immediately.Link: FirewallUse a Cayman FirewallBreakWater Basic Firewall. BreakWater delivers an easily selectable set of pre-configured firewall protection levels. For simple implementation these settings (comprised of three levels) are readily available through Cayman’s embedded web server interface.BreakWater Basic Firewall’s three settings are:•ClearSailingClearSailing, BreakWater's default setting, supports both inbound and outbound traffic. It is the only basic firewall setting that fully interoper-ates with all other Cayman software features. •SilentRunningUsing this level of firewall protection allows transmission of outbound traffic on pre-configured TCP/UDP ports. It disables any attempt for inbound traffic to identify the Gateway. This is the Internet equivalent of having an unlisted number.•LANdLockedThe third option available turns off all inbound and outbound traffic, iso-lating the LAN and disabling all WAN traffic.
112☛ NOTE: BreakWater Basic Firewall operates independent of the NAT func-tionality on the Gateway.Configuring for a BreakWater SettingUse these steps to establish a firewall setting:1. Ensure that you have enabled the BreakWater basic firewall with the appropriate feature key. See See “Use Cayman Software Feature Keys” on page 141. for refer-ence.2. Click the Security toolbar button.3. Click Firewall.4. Click on the radio button to select the protection level you want. Click Submit.
113SecurityChanging the BreakWater setting does not require a restart to take effect. This makes it easy to change the setting “on the fly,” as your needs change.TIPS for making your BreakWater Basic Firewall Selection Basic Firewall BackgroundAs a device on the Internet, a Cayman Gateway requires an IP address in order to send or receive traffic.The IP traffic sent or received have an associated application port which is dependent on the nature of the connection request. In the IP protocol stan-dard the following session types are common applications:By receiving a response to a scan from a port or series of ports (which is the expected behavior according to the IP standard), hackers can identify an existing device and gain a potential opening for access to an internet-con-nected device.Application Select this Level Other ConsiderationsTypical Internet usage(browsing, e-mail) SilentRunningMulti-player online gaming ClearSailing Set Pinholes; once defined, pinholes will be active whenever ClearSailing is set.Restore SilentRunning when finished.Going on vacation LANdLocked Protects your connection while your away.Finished online use for the day LANdLocked This protects you instead of disconnecting your Gateway connection.Chatting online or using instant messaging ClearSailing Set Pinholes; once defined, pinholes will be active whenever ClearSailing is set.Restore SilentRunning when finished.•ICMP •HTTP •FTP•SNMP •telnet •DHCP
114To protect LAN users and their network from these types of attacks, Break-Water offers three levels of increasing protection. The following tables indicate the state of ports associated with session types, both on the WAN side and the LAN side of the Gateway.This table shows how inbound traffic is treated. Inbound means the traffic is coming from the WAN into the WAN side of the Gateway. This table shows how outbound traffic is treated. Outbound means the traf-fic is coming from the LAN-side computers into the LAN side of the Gateway. Gateway: WAN SideBreakWater Setting >> ClearSailing SilentRunning LANdLockedPort Session Type --------------Port State-----------------------20 ftp data Enabled Disabled Disabled21 ftp control Enabled Disabled Disabled23 telnet external Enabled Disabled Disabled23 telnet Cayman server Enabled Disabled Disabled80 http external Enabled Disabled Disabled80 http Cayman server Enabled Disabled Disabled67 DHCP client Enabled Enabled Disabled68 DHCP server Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable161 snmp Enabled Disabled Disabledping (ICMP) Enabled Disabled DisabledGateway: LAN SideBreakWater Setting >> ClearSailing SilentRunning LANdLockedPort Session Type --------------Port State-----------------------20 ftp data Enabled Enabled Disabled21 ftp control Enabled Enabled Disabled23 telnet external Enabled Enabled Disabled23 telnet Cayman server Enabled Enabled Enabled80 http external Enabled Enabled Disabled80 http Cayman server Enabled Enabled Enabled
115Security☛ NOTE:The Gateway’s WAN DHCP client port in SilentRunning mode is enabled. This feature allows end users to continue using DHCP-served IP addresses from their Service Providers, while having no identifiable presence on the Internet.67 DHCP client Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable68 DHCP server Enabled Enabled Enabled161 snmp Enabled Enabled Enabledping (ICMP) Enabled Enabled WAN - DisabledLAN -Local Address Only
116Link: IPSecYour Gateway supports two mechanisms for IPSec tunnels:1. IPSec PassThrough supports Virtual Private Network (VPN) clients run-ning on LAN-connected computers. Normally, this feature is enabled. How-ever, you can disable it if your LAN-side VPN client includes its own NAT interoperability option.2. SafeHarbour VPN IPSec is a keyed feature that you must purchase. It enables Gateway-terminated VPN support.
117SecurityHow to Configure a SafeHarbour VPNVPN IPSec Tunnel at the Gateway. SafeHarbour VPN IPSec Tunnel pro-vides a single, encrypted tunnel to be terminated on the Gateway, making a secure tunnel available for all LAN- connected Users. This implementation offers the following:•Eliminates the need for VPN client software on individual PCs.•Reduces the complexity of tunnel configuration.•Simplifies the ongoing maintenance for secure remote access.A typical SafeHarbour configuration is shown below:Use these Best Practices in establishing your SafeHarbour tunnel.1. Ensure that the configuration information is complete and accurate2. Use the Worksheet provided on page 120.
118Parameter Description and Setup. The following table describes SafeHar-bour’s parameters that are used for an IPSec VPN tunnel configuration:Auth Protocol Authentication Protocol for IP packet header. The three parameter values are None, Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) and Authen-tication Header (AH)DH Group Diffie-Hellman is a public key algorithm used between two systems to determine and deliver secret keys used for encryption. Groups 1, 2 and 5 are supported. Enable This toggle button is used to enable/disable the configured tunnel.Encrypt Protocol Encryption protocol for the tunnel session.Parameter values supported include NONE or ESP.Hard MBytes Setting the Hard MBytes parameter forces the renegotiation of the IPSec Security Associations (SAs) at the configured Hard MByte value. The value can be configured between 1 and 1,000,000 MB and refers to data traffic passed.Hard Seconds Setting the Hard Seconds parameter forces the renegotiation of the IPSec Security Associations (SAs) at the configured Hard Seconds value. The value can be configured between 60 and 1,000,000 sec-ondsKey Management The Key Management algorithm manages the exchange of security keys in the IPSec protocol architecture. SafeHarbour supports the standard Internet Key Exchange (IKE)Peer External IP Address The Peer External IP Address is the public, or routable IP address of the remote gateway or VPN server you are establishing the tunnel with.Peer Internal IP Network The Peer Internal IP Network is the private, or Local Area Network (LAN) address of the remote gateway or VPN Server you are commu-nicating with. Peer Internal IP Netmask The Peer Internal IP Netmask is the subnet mask of the Peer Internal IP Network.PFS Enable Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS) is used during SA renegotiation. When PFS is selected, a Diffie-Hellman key exchange is required. If enabled, the PFS DH group follows the IKE phase 1 DH group.Pre-Shared Key The Pre-Shared Key is a parameter used for authenticating each side. The value can be an ASCII or Hex and a maximum of 64 charac-ters. ASCII is case-sensitive.Pre-Shared Key Type The Pre-Shared Key Type classifies the Pre-Shared Key. SafeHarbour supports ASCII or HEX types
119SecurityName The Name parameter refers to the name of the configured tunnel. This is mainly used as an identifier for the administrator. The Name parameter is an ASCII value and is limited to 31characters. The tun-nel name is the only IPSec parameter that does not need to match the peer gateway.Negotiation Method This parameter refers to the method used during the Phase I key exchange, or IKE process. SafeHarbour supports Main or Aggressive Mode. Main mode requires 3 two-way message exchanges while Aggressive mode only requires 3 total message exchanges.SA Encrypt Type SA Encryption Type refers to the symmetric encryption type. This encryption algorithm will be used to encrypt each data packet. SA Encryption Type values supported include DES and 3DES.SA Hash Type SA Hash Type refers to the Authentication Hash algorithm used dur-ing SA negotiation. Values supported include MD5 and SHA1. N/A will display if NONE is chosen for Auth Protocol. Soft MBytes Setting the Soft MBytes parameter forces the renegotiation of the IPSec Security Associations (SAs) at the configured Soft MByte value. The value can be configured between 1 and 1,000,000 MB and refers to data traffic passed. If this value is not achieved, the Hard MBytes parameter is enforced.Soft Seconds Setting the Soft Seconds parameter forces the renegotiation of the IPSec Security Associations (SAs) at the configured Soft Seconds value. The value can be configured between 60 and 1,000,000 sec-onds.
120IPSec Tunnel Parameter Setup Worksheet. SafeHarbour Tunnel Setup. Use the following tasks to configure an IPSec VPN tunnel on your Cayman Gateway.Parameter Cayman Peer GatewayNamePeer External IP AddressPeer Internal IP NetworkPeer Internal IP NetmaskEnableEncrypt Protocol NoneESPAuth Protocol NoneESPAHKey Management IKEPre-Shared Key Type HEXASCIIPre-Shared KeyNegotiation Method MainAggressiveDH Group 125SA Encrypt Type DES3DESSA Hash Type N/AMD5SHA1PFS Enable OffOnSoft MBytes 1 - 1000000Soft Seconds 60 - 1000000Hard MBytes 1 - 1000000Hard Seconds 60 - 1000000
121SecurityTask 1: Ensure that you have SafeHarbour VPN enabled.SafeHarbour is a keyed feature. See page 141 for information concerning installing Cayman Software Feature Keys.Task2: Complete Parameter Setup WorksheetIPSec tunnel configuration requires precise parameter set between VPN devices. The Setup Worksheet facilitates setup and assures that the asso-ciated variables are identical. Task 3: Enable IPSecIPSec must be enabled on your Gateway to allow further VPN configuration. Perform the following steps to enable IPSec:1. Browse to Gateway.2. Click the Security toolbar button.3. Click the IPSec link.4. Check the Enable SafeHarbour IPSec checkbox.Checking this box will automatically display the SafeHarbour IPSec Tunnel Entry parameters.
122Task 4: Make the IPSec Tunnel EntriesEnter the initial group of tunnel parameters. Refer to your Setup Work-sheet and the Glossary of VPN Terms as required. Perform the following steps:1. Enter tunnel Name.☛ This is the only parameter that does not have to be identical to the peer/remote VPN device2. Enter the Peer External IP Address.3. Select Encryption Protocol from the pull-down menu.
123Security4. Select Authentication Protocol from the pull-down menu.5. Select Key Management from the pull-down menu.6. Ensure that the toggle checkbox Enable, which is On by default, remains On.7. Click Add.The Tunnel Details page appears.
124Task 5: Make the Tunnel Details entriesUse the following steps:1. Enter or select the required settings.2. Click Update. The Alert button appears.3. Click the Alert button.4. Click Save and Restart.Your SafeHarbour IPSec VPN tunnel is fully configured.Tunnel sessions can only be initiated from the LAN client side.
125SecurityLink: Stateful InspectionAll computer operating systems are vulnerable to attack from outside sources, typically at the operating system or Internet Protocol (IP) layers. Stateful Inspection firewalls intercept and analyze incoming data packets to determine whether they should be admitted to your private LAN, based on multiple criteria, or blocked. Stateful inspection improves security by track-ing data packets over a period of time, examining incoming and outgoing packets. Outgoing packets that request specific types of incoming packets are tracked; only those incoming packets constituting a proper response are allowed through the firewall.Stateful inspection is a security feature that prevents unsolicited inbound access when NAT is disabled. You can configure UDP and TCP “no-activity” periods that will also apply to NAT time-outs if stateful inspection is enabled on the interface. Stateful Inspection parameters are active on a WAN inter-face only if enabled on your Gateway. Stateful inspection can be enabled on a profile whether NAT is enabled or not.Stateful Inspection Firewall installation procedure☛ NOTE:Installing Stateful Inspection Firewall is mandatory to comply with Required Services Security Policy - Residential Category module - Version 4.0 (specified by ICSA Labs)For more information please go to the following URL: http://www.icsalabs.com/html/communities/firewalls/certification/criteria/Residential.pdf.1. Access the router through the web interface from the private LAN.DHCP server is enabled on the LAN by default.2. There will be a prompt to set up the administrative password. The default Username is admin and this cannot be changed.
1263. The Gateway’s Stateful Inspection feature must be enabled in order to prevent TCP, UDP and ICMP packets destined for the router or the private hosts.This can be done by navigating to Expert Mode -> Security -> Stateful Inspection.•UDP no-activity time-out: The time in seconds after which a UDP ses-sion will be terminated, if there is no traffic on the session.•TCP no-activity time-out: The time in seconds after which an TCP ses-sion will be terminated, if there is no traffic on the session.•Exposed Addresses: The hosts specified in Exposed addresses will be allowed to receive inbound traffic even if there is no corresponding out-bound traffic. This is active only if NAT is disabled on an WAN interface.•Stateful Inspection Options: Enable and configure stateful inspection on a WAN interface.
127SecurityExposed AddressesYou can specify the IP addresses you want to expose by clicking the Exposed addresses link.Add, Edit, or delete exposed addresses options are active only if NAT is dis-abled on a WAN interface. The hosts specified in exposed addresses will be allowed to receive inbound traffic even if there is no corresponding out-bound traffic.•Start Address: Start IP Address of the exposed host range.•End Address: End IP Address of the exposed host range•Protocol: Select the Protocol of the traffic to be allowed to the host range from the pull-down menu. Options are Any, TCP, UDP, or TCP/UDP.
128•Start Port: Start port of the range to be allowed to the host range. The acceptable range is from 1 - 65535•End Port: Protocol of the traffic to be allowed to the host range. The acceptable range is from 1 - 65535 You can add more exposed addresses by clicking the Add more Exposed Addresses link. A list of previously configured exposed addresses appears.Click the Add button to add a new range of exposed addresses.You can edit a previously configured range by clicking the Edit button, or delete the entry entirely by clicking the Delete button.All configuration changes will trigger the Alert Icon. Click on the Alert icon.
129SecurityThis allows you to validate the configuration and reboot the Gateway.Click the Save and Restart link. You will be asked to confirm your choice, and the Gateway will reboot with the new configuration.
130Stateful Inspection OptionsStateful Inspection Parameters are active on a WAN interface only if you enable them on your Gateway.•Stateful Inspection: To enable stateful inspection on this WAN inter-face, check the checkbox.•Default Mapping to Router: This is disabled by default. This option will allow the router to respond to traffic received on this interface, for exam-ple, ICMP Echo requests.•TCP Sequence Number Difference: Enter a value in this field. This value represents the maximum sequence number difference allowed between subsequent TCP packets. If this number is exceeded, the packet is dropped. The acceptable range is 0 – 65535. A value of 0 (zero) disables this check.•Deny Fragments: To enable this option, which causes the router to dis-card fragmented packets on this interface, check the checkbox.
131SecurityOpen Ports in Default Stateful Inspection Installation Log Event Dispositions☛ NOTE:Syslog needs to be enabled to comply with logging requirements mentioned in The Modular Firewall Certification Criteria - Baseline Module - version 4.0 (specified by ICSA Labs). See “Syslog Parameters” on page 101.For more information, please go to the following URL:http://www.icsalabs.com/html/communities/firewalls/certification/criteria/Baseline.pdf Port Protocol Description Private Interface Public Interface23 TCP telnet Yes No53 UDP DNS Yes No67 UDP Bootps Yes No68 UDP Bootpc Yes No80 TCP HTTP Yes No137 UDP Netbios-ns Yes No138 UDP Netbios-dgm Yes No161 UDP SNMP Yes No500 UDP ISAKMP Yes No520 UDP Router Yes No
132Link: Security LogSecurity Monitoring is a keyed feature. See page 141 for information con-cerning installing Cayman Software Feature Keys.Security Monitoring detects security-related events, including common types of malicious attacks, and writes them to the security log file.Using the Security Monitoring LogYou can view the Security Log at any time. Use the following steps:1. Click the Security toolbar button.2. Click the Security Log link.3. Click the Show link from the Security Log tool bar.4. An example of the Security Log is shown on the next page.5. When a new security event is detected, you will see the Alert button.The Security Alert remains until you view the information. Clicking the Alert button will take you directly to a page showing the log.
133SecurityThe capacity of the security log is 100 security alert messages. When the log reaches capacity, subsequent messages are not captured, but they are noted in the log entry count.
134To reset this log, select Reset from the Security Monitor tool bar.The following message is displayed.When the Security Log contains no entries, this is the response:Timestamp BackgroundDuring bootup, to provide better log information and to support improved troubleshooting, a Cayman Gateway acquires the National Institute of Stan-dards and Technology (NIST) Universal Coordinated Time (UTC) reference signal, and then adjusts it for your local time zone.Once per hour, the Gateway attempts to re-acquire the NIST reference, for re-synchronization or initial acquisition of the UTC information. Once acquired, all subsequent log entries display this date and time information. UTC provides the equivalent of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) information.If the WAN connection is not enabled, the internal clocking function of the Gateway provides log timestamps based on “uptime” of the unit.
135InstallInstallButton: InstallFrom the Install toolbar button you can Install new Operating System Soft-ware as updates become available.
136Link: Install SoftwareThis page allows you to install an updated release of the Cayman Operating System (CaymanOS). Updating Your Gateway’s CaymanOS Version. You install a new operat-ing system image in your unit from the Install Operating System Software page. For this process, the computer you are using to connect to the Cay-man Gateway must be on the same local area network as the Cayman Gate-way.Required Tasks•“Task 1: Required Files” on page 137•“Task 2: CaymanOS Image File” on page 137
137InstallTask 1: Required FilesUpgrading the CaymanOS requires a Cayman Operating System image file.BackgroundSoftware upgrade image files are posted periodically on the Netopia web-site. You can download the latest operating system software for your Gate-way from the following URL:http://www.netopia.com/en-us/equipment/purchase/fmw_update.htmlWhen you download your operating system upgrade from the Netopia web-site, be sure to download the latest release notes or User Guide PDF files. These are posted on the same Web page as the software.Confirm CaymanOS Image FilesThe CaymanOS Image file is specific to the model and the product identifica-tion (PID) number. 1. Confirm that you have received the appropriate CaymanOS Image file.2. Save the CaymanOS image file to a convenient location on your PC.Task 2: CaymanOS Image FileInstall the CaymanOS ImageTo install the CaymanOS software in your Cayman Gateway from the Home Page use the following steps:1. Open a web connection to your Cayman Gateway from the computer on your LAN.2. Click the Install Software button on the Cayman Gateway Home page.The Install New Cayman Software window opens.3. Enter the filename into the text box by using one of these techniques:
138The CaymanOS file name begins with a shortened form of the version number and ends with the suffix “.bin” (for “binary”). Example: n720.bina. Click the Browse button, select the file you want, and click Open. -or-b. Enter the name and path of the software image you want to install in the text field and click Open. 4. Click the Install Software button.The Cayman Gateway copies the image file from your computer and installs it into its memory storage. You see a progress bar appear on your screen as the image is copied and installed. When the image has been installed, a success message displays.
139Install5. When the success message appears, click the Restart button and confirm the Restart when you are prompted.Your Cayman Gateway restarts with its new image.
140Verify the CaymanOS ReleaseTo verify that the CaymanOS image has loaded successfully, use the follow-ing steps:1. Open a web connection to your Cayman Gateway from the computer on your LAN and return to the Home page.2. Verify your CaymanOS Software Release, as shown on the Home Page.This completes the upgrade process.
141InstallLink: Install KeysYou can obtain advanced product functionality by employing a software Fea-ture Key. Software feature keys are specific to a Gateway's serial number. Once the feature key is installed and the Gateway is restarted, the new fea-ture's functionality becomes enabled.Use Cayman Software Feature KeysCayman Gateway users obtain advanced product functionality by installing a software feature key. This concept utilizes a specially constructed and dis-tributed keycode (referred to as a feature key) to enable additional capabil-ity within the unit.Software feature key properties are specific to a unit’s serial number; they will not be accepted on a platform with another serial number.Once installed, and the Gateway restarted, the new feature’s functionality becomes available. This allows full access to configuration, operation, maintenance and administration of the new enhancement. Obtaining Software Feature KeysContact Netopia or your Service Provider to acquire a Software Feature Key.Procedure - Install a New Feature Key FileWith the appropriate feature keycode, use the steps listed below to enable a new function.1. From the Home page, click the Install toolbar button.2. Click Install KeysThe Install Key File page appears.3. Enter the feature keycode in the input Text Box.Type the full keycode in the Text Box.
1424. Click the Install Key button.5. Click the Restart toolbar button.The Confirmation screen appears.
143Install6. Click the Restart the Gateway link to confirm.To check your installed features:7. Click the Install toolbar button.8. Click the List of Features link.The System Status page appears with the information from the features link displayed below. You can check that the feature you just installed is
144enabled.
147CHAPTER 4 Basic TroubleshootingThis section gives some simple suggestions for troubleshooting problems with your Gateway’s initial configuration.Before troubleshooting, make sure you have•read the Quickstart Guide;•plugged in all the necessary cables; and•set your PC’s TCP/IP controls to obtain an IP address auto-matically.
148Status Indicator LightsThe first step in troubleshooting is to check the status indicator lights (LEDs) in the order outlined below.Cayman Gateway 3340 status indicator lightsEthernet LinkEthernet TrafficDSL TrafficDSL SyncPPPoE ActivePowerPower:PPPoE Active:DSL Traffic:Solid green when the power is onSolid green when PPPoE is negotiated;Blinks green when traffic is sent/receivedDSL Sync:Blinking green with no line attached or training,Ethernet Traffic:Flashes green when there isactivity on the LANEthernet Link:Solid green when connectedotherwise, not lit solid green when trained with the DSL line. over the WAN
149Status Indicator LightsCayman Gateway 3341 status indicator lightsEthernet LinkEthernet TrafficDSL TrafficDSL SyncUSB ActivePowerPower:USB Active:DSL Traffic:Solid green when the power is onSolid green when USB is connectedBlinks green when traffic is sent/receivedDSL Sync:Blinking green with no line attached or training,Ethernet Traffic:Flashes green when there isactivity on the LANEthernet Link:Solid green when connectedotherwise, not lit solid green when trained with the DSL line. over the WAN
150Cayman Gateway 3346 status indicator lightsLAN 1LAN 2LAN 3LAN 4DSL SYNCPowerPower:DSL Sync:Solid green when trained with the DSL lineBlinks green when traffic is sent or received LAN 1, 2, 3, 4:over the EthernetSolid green when the power is onBlinks green with no line attached or training, Solid green when Ethernet link is established
151Status Indicator LightsCayman Gateway 3347W status indicator lightsLED Function Summary MatrixPower USB Active DSL Sync DSL Traffic Ethernet Traffic Ethernet LinkUnlit No power No signal No signal No signal No signal No signalSolid Green Power on USB port con-nected to PCDSL line synched with the DSLAMN/A N/A Synched with Ethernet cardFlashing Green N/A Activity on the USB cableAttempt-ing to train with DSLAMActivity on the DSL cableActivity on the Ethernet cableN/APower - Green when power is appliedFlashes green when trainingSolid green when connectedSolid green when trainedto each port on the LAN.LAN 1, 2, 3, 4 -DSL SYNC - Flash green when there isactivity on each port.3347W Front ViewFlashes green for DSL trafficWireless Link - Flashes green when there isactivity on the wireless LAN.
152If a status indicator light does not look correct, look for these possible problems: LED State Possible problemsPower Unlit1. Make sure the power switch is in the ON position.2. Make sure the power adapter is plugged into the 3300-series DSL Gateway properly.3. Try a known good wall outlet.4. Replace the power supply and/or unit.DSL Sync Unlit1. Make sure the you are using the correct cable. The DSL cable is the thinner stan-dard telephone cable.2. Make sure the DSL cable is plugged into the correct wall jack.3. Make sure the DSL cable is plugged into the DSL port on the 3300-series DSL Gate-way.4. Make sure the DSL line has been activated at the central office DSLAM.5. Make sure the 3300-series DSL Gateway is not plugged into a micro filter.
153Status Indicator Lights EN Link UnlitNote: EN Link light is inactive if only using USB.1. Make sure the you are using the Ethernet cable, not the DSL cable. The Ethernet cable is thicker than the standard telephone cable.2. Make sure the Ethernet cable is securely plugged into the Ethernet jack on the PC.3. If plugging a 3300-series DSL Gateway into a hub the you may need to plug into an uplink port on the hub, or use an Ethernet cross over cable.4. Make sure the Ethernet cable is securely plugged into the Ethernet port on the 3300-series DSL Gateway.5. Try another Ethernet cable if you have one available.EN Traffic Unlit1. Make sure you have Ethernet drivers installed on the PC.2. Make sure the PC’s TCP/IP Properties for the Ethernet Network Control Panel is set to obtain an IP address via DHCP.3. Make sure the PC has obtained an address in the 192.168.1.x range. (You may have changed the subnet addressing.)4. Make sure the PC is configured to access the Internet over a LAN.5. Disable any installed network devices (Ethernet, HomePNA, wireless) that are not being used to connect to the 3300-series DSL Gateway.
154USB Active UnlitNote: USB Active light is inactive if only using Ethernet.1. Make sure you have USB drivers installed on the PC.2. Make sure the PC’s TCP/IP Properties for the USB Network Control Panel is set to obtain an IP address via DHCP.3. Make sure the PC has obtained an address in the 192.168.1.x range. (You may have changed the subnet addressing.)4. Make sure the PC is configured to access the Internet over a LAN.5. Disable any installed network devices (Ethernet, HomePNA, wireless) that are not being used to connect to the 3300-series DSL Gateway.DSL Traffic Unlit Launch a browser and try to browse the Internet. If the DSL Active light still does not flash, then pro-ceed to Advanced Troubleshooting below.
155Factory Reset SwitchFactory Reset SwitchLose your password? This section shows how to reset the Cay-man Gateway so that you can access the configuration screens once again. ☛ NOTE: Keep in mind that all of your settings will need to be reconfigured.If you don't have a password, the only way to access the Cay-man Gateway is the following: 1. Referring to the diagram below, find the round Reset Switch opening.2. Carefully insert the point of a pen or an unwound paperclip into the opening.3. Press this switch very briefly. Don’t hold it more than a sec-ond.4. This will reset the unit to factory defaults and you will now be able to reprogram the Cayman Gateway.1Power4USB3Ethernet2DSL On / OffFactory Reset Switch: Push to clear all settings
156
157CHAPTER 5 Advanced TroubleshootingAdvanced Troubleshooting can be accessed from the Gateway’s Web UI. Point your browser to http://192.168.1.254. The main page displays the device status. (If this does not make the Web UI appear, then do a release and renew in Windows networking to see what the Gateway address really is.)
158Home PageThe home page displays basic information about the Gateway. This includes the ISP Username, Connection Status, Device Address, Remote Gateway Address, DNS-1, and DNS-2. If you are not able to connect to the Internet, verify the following:Item DescriptionLocal WAN IP Address This is the negotiated address of the Gateway’s WAN interface. This address is usually dynamically assigned.Remote Gateway Address This is the negotiated address of the remote router to which this Gateway is connected.
159Status of Connec-tion ‘Waiting for DSL’ is displayed while the Gateway is training. This should change to ‘Up’ within two minutes. If not, make sure an RJ-11 cable is used, the Gateway is connected to the correct wall jack, and the Gateway is not plugged into a micro filter.‘No Connection’ is displayed if the Gateway has trained but failed the PPPoE login. This usually means an invalid user name or password. Go to Expert Mode and change the PPPoE name and password.‘Up’ is displayed when the ADSL line is synched and the PPPoE (or other connection method) session is established.‘Down’ is displayed if the line connection fails.ISP Username This should be the valid PPPoE username. If not, go to Expert Mode and change to the correct username.Device Address This is the negotiated address of the Gateway’s WAN interface. This address is often dynamically assigned. Make sure this is a valid address.If this is not the correct assigned address, go to Expert Mode and verify the PPPoE address has not been manually assigned.Device Gateway This is the negotiated address of the remote router. Make sure this is a valid address.If this is not the correct address, go to Expert Mode and verify the address has not been manually assigned.Primary DNS/Secondary DNS These are the negotiated DNS addresses. Make sure they are valid DNS addresses. (Secondary DNS is optional, and may validly be blank (0.0.0.0).)If these are not the correct addresses, go to Expert Mode and verify the addresses have not been manually assigned.Serial Number This is the unique serial number of your Gateway.Ethernet Status This is the status of your Ethernet connection. If you are con-necting via Ethernet, it should be Up.USB Status This is the status of your USB connection (if equipped). If you are connecting via USB, it should be Up.Item Description
160Software Release This is the version number of the current embedded software in your Gateway.Warranty Date This is the date that your Gateway was installed and enabled.If all of the above seem correct, then access Expert Mode by clicking the Expert Mode link.Item Description
161Button: TroubleshootExpert ModeExpert Mode has advanced troubleshooting tools that are used to pinpoint the exact source of a problem. Clicking the Troubleshoot tab displays a page with links to System Status, Network Tools, and Diagnostics.•System Status: Displays an overall view of the system and its condition.•Network Tools: Includes NSLookup, Ping and TraceRoute.•Diagnostics: Runs a multi-layer diagnostic test that checks the LAN, WAN, PPPoE, and other connection issues. System StatusIn the system status screen, there are several utilities that are useful for troubleshooting. Some examples are given below.
162Link: Ports: EthernetThe Ethernet port selection shows the traffic sent and received on the Ethernet interface. There should be frames and bytes on both the upstream and downstream sides. If there are not, this could indicate a bad Ethernet cable or no Ethernet connection. Below is an example:Ethernet Driver Statistics - 10/100 EthernetType: 100BASETPort Status: Link up General: Transmit OK : 7862 Receive OK : 4454 Tx Errors : 0 Rx Errors : 0 Rx CRC Errors : 0 Rx Frame Errors : 0Upper Layers: Rx No Handler : 0 Rx No Message : 0 Rx Octets : 975576 Rx Unicast Pkts : 4156 Rx Multicast Pkts : 203 Tx Discards : 0 Tx Octets : 2117992 Tx Unicast Pkts : 3789 Tx Multicast Pkts : 4073Ethernet driver statistics - USBPort Status: Link downGeneral: Transmit OK : 0 Receive OK : 0 Tx Errors : 0 Rx Errors : 0 Tx Octets : 0 Rx Octets : 0Ethernet driver statistics - 10/100 EthernetType: 100BASETPort Status: Link up General: Transmit OK : 7863 Receive OK : 4458 Tx Errors : 0 Rx Errors : 0 Rx CRC Errors : 0 Rx Frame Errors : 0Upper Layers: Rx No Handler : 0 Rx No Message : 0 Rx Octets : 976327 Rx Unicast Pkts : 4159 Rx Multicast Pkts : 204 Tx Discards : 0
163Link: Ports: DSLThe DSL port selection shows the state of the DSL line, whether it is up or down and how many times the Gateway attempted to train. The state should indicate ‘up’ for a working configuration. If it is not, check the DSL cable and make sure it is plugged in correctly and not connected to a micro filter. Below is an example: ADSL Line State: Up ADSL Startup Attempts: 5 ADSL Modulation: Unknown Datapump Version: 3.22 Downstream Upstream ---------- ---------- SNR Margin: 18.6 14.0 dB Line Attenuation: 0.4 4.0 dB Errored Seconds: 14 3 Loss of Signal: 4 4 Loss of Frame: 0 0 CRC Errors: 0 0 Data Rate: 8000 800
164Link: DSL: Circuit ConfigurationThe DSL Circuit Configuration screen shows the traffic sent and received over the DSL line as well as the trained rate (upstream and downstream) and the VPI/VCI. Verify traffic is being sent over the DSL line. If not, check the cabling and make sure the Gateway is not connected to a micro filter. Also verify the correct PVC is listed, which should be 0/35 (some providers use other values, such as 8/35. Check with your provider). If not go to the WAN setup and change the VPI/VCI to its correct value. Below is an exam-ple:ATM port status : UpRx data rate (bps) : 8000Tx data rate (bps) : 800ATM Virtual Circuits:VCC # Type VPI VCI Encapsulation---- ---- --- ----- -------------------------- 1 PVC 8 35 PPP over Ethernet (LLC/SNAP encapsulation)ATM Circuit Statistics:Rx Frames : 17092 Tx Frames : 25078Rx Octets : 905876 Tx Octets : 1329134Rx Errors : 0 Tx Errors : 0Rx Discards : 0 Tx Discards : 0No Rx Buffers : 0 Tx Queue Full : 0
165Link: System Log: EntireThe system log shows the state of the WAN connection as well as the PPPoE session. Verify that the PPPoE session has been correctly estab-lished and there are no failures. If there are error messages, go to the WAN configuration and verify the settings. The following is an example of a suc-cessful connection:Message Log: 3/30/2003 19:22:58> ADSL detected3/30/2003 19:23:4> ATM Connected3/30/2003 19:23:4> ATM layer is up, cell delineation achieved3/30/2003 19:23:4> ADSL connected3/30/2003 19:23:8> PPP1 PPPoE Session is established.3/30/2003 19:23:8> PPP PAP Authentication success3/30/2003 19:23:8> PPP1: PPP IP address is 163.176.224.713/30/2003 19:23:8> PPP1: PPP Gateway IP address is 163.176.224.2543/30/2003 19:23:8> PPP1: DNS Primary IP address is 163.176.4.103/30/2003 19:23:8> PPP1: DNS Secondary IP address is 163.176.4.323/30/2003 19:23:8> NAT/NAPT Session Start: VC# 0, WAN IP is 163.176.224.713/30/2003 19:23:8> NAPT: sesPVC0 session is up.3/30/2003 19:23:9> PPP1 Session is up.
166DiagnosticsThe diagnostics section tests a number of different things at the same time, including the DSL line, the Ethernet interface and the PPPoE session.The following table summarizes the possible results.CODE DescriptionPASS The test was successful.FAIL The test was unsuccessful.SKIPPED The test was skipped because a test on which it depended failed, or it was not supported by the service provider equipment to which it is connected, or it does not apply.PENDING The test timed out without producing a result. Try running the test again.WARNING The test was unsuccessful. The Service Provider equipment your Gateway connects to may not support this test.
167Network ToolsThree test tools are available from this page.•NSLookup - converts a domain name to its IP address and vice versa.•Ping - tests the “reachability” of a particular network destination by sending an ICMP echo request and waiting for a reply.•TraceRoute - displays the path to a destination by showing the number of hops and the router addresses of these hops.1. To use the NSLookup capability, type an address (domain name or IP address) in the text box and click the NSLookup buttonExample: Show the IP Address for grosso.com.
168Result: The DNS Server doing the lookup is displayed in the Server: and Address: fields. If the Name Server can find your entry in its table, it is displayed in the Name: and Address: fields.PING: The network tools section sends a PING from the Gateway to either the LAN or WAN to verify connectivity. A PING could be either an IP address (163.176.4.32) or Domain Name (www.netopia.com).2. To use the Ping capability, type a destination address (domain name or IP address) in the text box and click the Ping button.Example: Ping to grosso.com. Result: The host was reachable with four out of five packets sent.
169Below are some specific tests:3. To use the TraceRoute capability, type a destination address (domain name or IP address) in the text box and click the TraceRoute button.Action If PING is not successful, possible causes are:From the Gateway's Network Tools page:Ping the internet default gateway IP address DSL is down, DSL or ATM settings are incorrect; Gateway’s IP address or subnet mask are wrong; gateway router is down.Ping an internet site by IP address Gateway’s default gateway is incorrect, Gateway’s subnet mask is incorrect, site is down.Ping an internet site by name DNS is not properly configured on the Gateway; configured DNS servers are down; site is down.From a LAN PC:Ping the Gateway’s LAN IP address IP address and subnet mask of PC are not on the same scheme as the Gateway; cabling or other connectivity issue.Ping the Gateway’s wan IP address Default gateway on PC is incorrect.Ping the Gateway’s internet default gateway IP address NAT is off on the Gateway and the internal IP addresses are private.Ping an internet site by IP address PC's subnet mask may be incorrect, site is down.Ping an internet site by name DNS is not properly configured on the PC, config-ured DNS servers are down, site is down.
170Example: Show the path to the grosso.com site.Result: It took 20 hops to get to the grosso.com web site.
171CHAPTER 6 Command Line InterfaceThe Cayman Gateway operating software includes a command line interface (CLI) that lets you access your Cayman Gateway over a telnet connection. You can use the command line inter-face to enter and update the unit’s configuration settings, mon-itor its performance, and restart it.This chapter covers the following topics:•“Overview” on page 172•“Starting and Ending a CLI Session” on page 175•“Using the CLI Help Facility” on page 176•“About SHELL Commands” on page 177•“SHELL Commands” on page 178•“About CONFIG Commands” on page 190•“CONFIG Commands” on page 196
172OverviewThe CLI has two major command modes: SHELL and CONFIG. Summary tables that list the commands are provided below. Details of the entire command set follow in this section. SHELL CommandsCommand Status and/or Descriptionarp to send ARP requestatmping to send ATM OAM loopbackclear to erase all stored configuration informationconfigure to configure unit's optionsdiagnose to run self-testdownload to download config fileexit to quit this shellhelp to get more: “help all” or “help help”install to download and program an image into flashlicense to enter an upgrade key to add a featurelog to add a message to the diagnostic logloglevel to report or change diagnostic log levelnetstat to show IP informationnslookup to send DNS query for hostping to send ICMP Echo requestquit to quit this shellreset to reset subsystemsrestart to restart unitshow to show system informationstart to start subsystemstatus to show basic status of unittelnet to telnet to a remote hosttraceroute to send traceroute probesupload to upload config filewho to show who is using the shell
173OverviewCONFIG CommandsCommandVerbs Status and/or Descriptionset Set configuration datadefine Define environment datadelete Delete configuration list dataview View configuration datascript Print configuration datahelp Help command optionsave Save configuration data Keywordssystem Gateway’s system optionspppoe PPP over Ethernet optionsdmt DMT ADSL optionsatm ATM options (DSL only)ip TCP/IP protocol optionsdhcp Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol optionsethernet Ethernet optionsip-maps IPmaps optionsnat-default Network Address Translation default optionsdns Domain Name System optionsbridge Bridge optionsppp Peer-to-Peer Protocol optionspinhole Pinhole optionssecurity Security optionsservers Internal Server optionsstate-insp Stateful Inspection Firewall optionsvalidate Validate configuration settingspreferences Shell environment settingssnmp SNMP management optionsxposed-addr Exposed Address options
174CommandUtilitiestop Go to top level of configuration modequit Exit from configuration mode; return to shell modeexit Exit from configuration mode; return to shell mode
175Starting and Ending a CLI SessionStarting and Ending a CLI SessionOpen a telnet connection from a workstation on your network.You initiate a telnet connection by issuing the following com-mand from an IP host that supports telnet, for example, a per-sonal computer running a telnet application such as NCSA Telnet.telnet <ip_address>You must know the IP address of the Cayman Gateway before you can make a telnet connection to it. By default, your Cayman Gateway uses 192.168.1.254 as the IP address for its LAN interface. You can use a Web browser to configure the Cayman Gateway IP address.Logging InThe command line interface log-in process emulates the log-in process for a UNIX host. To logon, enter the username (either admin or user), and your password.•Entering the administrator password lets you display and update all Cayman Gateway settings. •Entering a user password lets you display (but not update) Cayman Gateway settings. When you have logged in successfully, the command line inter-face lists the username and the security level associated with the password you entered in the diagnostic log.Ending a CLI SessionYou end a command line interface session by typing quit from the SHELL node of the command line interface hierarchy.
176Saving SettingsIn CONFIG mode, the save command saves the working copy of the settings to the Gateway. The Gateway automatically vali-dates its settings when you save and displays a warning mes-sage if the configuration is not correct.Using the CLI Help FacilityThe help command lets you display on-line help for SHELL and CONFIG commands. To display a list of the commands available to you from your current location within the command line inter-face hierarchy, enter help.To obtain help for a specific CLI command, type help <com-mand>. You can truncate the help command to h or a question mark when you request help for a CLI command.
177About SHELL CommandsAbout SHELL CommandsYou begin in SHELL mode when you start a CLI session. SHELL mode lets you perform the following tasks with your Cayman Gateway: •Monitor its performance •Display and reset Gateway statistics•Issue administrative commands to restart Cayman Gateway functions SHELL PromptWhen you are in SHELL mode, the CLI prompt is the name of the Cayman Gateway followed by a right angle bracket (>). For example, if you open a CLI connection to the Cayman Gateway named “Coconut,” you would see Coconut> as your CLI prompt.SHELL Command ShortcutsYou can truncate most commands in the CLI to their shortest unique string. For example, you can use the truncated com-mand q in place of the full quit command to exit the CLI. How-ever, you would need to enter rese for the reset command, since the first characters of reset are common to the restart command.The only commands you cannot truncate are restart and clear. To prevent accidental interruption of communications, you must enter the restart and clear commands in their entirety.You can use the Up and Down arrow keys to scroll backward and forward through recent commands you have entered. Alter-natively, you can use the !! command to repeat the last com-mand you entered.
178SHELL CommandsCommon Commandsarp nnn.nnn.nnn.nnnSends an Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) request to match the nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn IP address to an Ethernet hardware address.clear [yes]Clears the configuration settings in a Cayman Gateway. If you do not use the optional yes qualifier, you are prompted to con-firm the clear command.configurePuts the command line interface into Configure mode, which lets you configure your Cayman Gateway with Config com-mands. Config commands are described starting on page 173. diagnoseRuns a diagnostic utility to conduct a series of internal checks and loopback tests to verify network connectivity over each interface on your Cayman Gateway. The console displays the results of each test as the diagnostic utility runs. If one test is dependent on another, the diagnostic utility indents its entry in the console window. For example, the diagnostic utility indents the Check IP connect to Ethernet (LAN) entry, since that test will not run if the Check Ethernet LAN Connect test fails.
179SHELL CommandsEach test generates one of the following result codes:download [server_address ] [filename] [confirm]This command installs a file of configuration parameters into the Cayman Gateway from a TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) server. The TFTP server must be accessible on your Ethernet network.You can include one or more of the following arguments with the download command. If you omit arguments, the console prompts you for this information.•The server_address argument identifies the IP address of the TFTP server from which you want to copy the Cayman Gateway configuration file. •The filename argument identifies the path and name of the configuration file on the TFTP server. •If you include the optional confirm keyword, the download begins as soon as all information is entered.install [server_address] [filename] [confirm]Downloads a new version of the Cayman Gateway operating software from a TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) server, vali-dates the software image, and programs the image into the CODE DescriptionPASS The test was successful.FAIL The test was unsuccessful.SKIPPED The test was skipped because a test on which it depended failed, or because the test did not apply to your particular setup or model.PENDING The test timed out without producing a result. Try running the test again.
180Cayman Gateway memory. After you install new operating soft-ware, you must restart the Cayman Gateway.The server_address argument identifies the IP address of the TFTP server on which your Cayman Gateway operating soft-ware is stored. The filename argument identifies the path and name of the operating software file on the TFTP server.If you include the optional keyword confirm, you will not be prompted to confirm whether or not you want to perform the operation.license [key]This command installs a software upgrade key. An upgrade key is a purchased item, based on the serial number of the gate-way.log message_stringAdds the message in the message_string argument to the Cayman Gateway diagnostic log.loglevel [level] Displays or modifies the types of log messages you want the Cayman Gateway to record. If you enter the loglevel com-mand without the optional level argument, the command line interface displays the current log level setting. You can enter the loglevel command with the level argu-ment to specify the types of diagnostic messages you want to record. All messages with a level number equal to or greater than the level you specify are recorded. For example, if you specify loglevel 3, the diagnostic log will retain high-level infor-
181SHELL Commandsmational messages (level 3), warnings (level 4), and failure messages (level 5).Use the following values for the level argument:•1 or low – Low-level informational messages or greater; includes trivial status messages.•2 or medium – Medium-level informational messages or greater; includes status messages that can help monitor net-work traffic.•3 or high – High-level informational messages or greater; includes status messages that may be significant but do not constitute errors.•4 or warning – Warnings or greater; includes recoverable error conditions and useful operator information.•5 or failure – Failures; includes messages describing error conditions that may not be recoverable. netstat -i Displays the IP interfaces for your Cayman Gateway.netstat -r Displays the IP routes stored in your Cayman Gateway.nslookup { hostname | ip_address }Performs a domain name system lookup for a specified host.•The hostname argument is the name of the host for which you want DNS information; for example, nslookup klaatu.•The ip_address argument is the IP address, in dotted dec-imal notation, of the device for which you want DNS informa-tion.
182ping [-s size] [-c count]{ hostname | ip_address }Causes the Cayman Gateway to issue a series of ICMP Echo requests for the device with the specified name or IP address. •The hostname argument is the name of the device you want to ping; for example, ping ftp.netopia.com.•The ip_address argument is the IP address, in dotted dec-imal notation, of the device you want to locate. If a host using the specified name or IP address is active, it returns one or more ICMP Echo replies, confirming that it is accessi-ble from your network.•The -s size argument lets you specify the size of the ICMP packet.•The -c count argument lets you specify the number of ICMP packets generated for the ping request. Values greater than 250 are truncated to 250.You can use the ping command to determine whether a host-name or IP address is already in use on your network. You can-not use the ping command to ping the Cayman Gateway’s own IP address.quit Exits the Cayman Gateway command line interface.reset arp Clears the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) cache on your unit.
183SHELL Commandsreset crash Clears crash-dump information, which identifies the contents of the Cayman Gateway registers at the point of system malfunc-tion.reset dhcp serverClears the DHCP lease table in the Cayman Gateway.reset enetResets Ethernet statistics to zeroreset ipmapClears the IPMap table (NAT).reset logRewinds the diagnostic log display to the top of the existing Cayman Gateway diagnostic log. The reset log command does not clear the diagnostic log. The next show log command will display information from the beginning of the log file.reset security-logClears the security monitoring log to make room to capture new entries. reset wan-users [all | ip-address]This function disconnects the specified WAN User to allow for other users to access the WAN. This function is only available if
184the number of WAN Users is restricted and NAT is on. Use the all parameter to disconnect all users. If you logon as Admin you can disconnect any or all users. If you logon as User, you can only disconnect yourself. restart [seconds]Restarts your Cayman Gateway. If you include the optional seconds argument, your Cayman Gateway will restart when the specified number of seconds have elapsed. You must enter the complete restart command to initiate a restart.show bridge interfacesDisplays bridge interfaces maintained by the Cayman Gateway.show bridge tableDisplays the bridging table maintained by the Cayman Gateway.show crashDisplays the most recent crash information, if any, for your Cay-man Gateway.show dhcp server leasesDisplays the DHCP leases stored in RAM by your Cayman Gate-way.show ip arpDisplays the Ethernet address resolution table stored in your Cayman Gateway.
185SHELL Commandsshow ip igmpDisplays the contents of the IGMP Group Address table and the IGMP Report table maintained by your Cayman Gateway.show ip interfacesDisplays the IP interfaces for your Cayman Gateway.show ip ipsecDisplays IPSec Tunnel statistics.show ip firewallDisplays firewall statistics.show ip routesDisplays the IP routes stored in your Cayman Gateway.show ip state-inspDisplays whether stateful inspection is enabled on an interface or not, exposed addresses and blocked packet statistics because of stateful inspection.show logDisplays blocks of information from the Cayman Gateway diag-nostic log. To see the entire log, you can repeat the show log command or you can enter show log all.
186show memory [all]Displays memory usage information for your Cayman Gateway. If you include the optional all argument, your Cayman Gateway will display a more detailed set of memory statistics.show pppoeDisplays status information for each PPP socket, such as the socket state, service names, and host ID values.show rulesetlistDisplays all the available application hosting rules in the sys-tem. See “Software Hosting” on page 104.show statusDisplays the current status of a Cayman Gateway, the device's hardware and software revision levels, a summary of errors encountered, and the length of time the Cayman Gateway has been running since it was last restarted. Identical to the sta-tus command.telnet { hostname | ip_address } [port] Lets you open a telnet connection to the specified host through your Cayman Gateway.•The hostname argument is the name of the device to which you want to connect; for example, telnet ftp.cayman.com.•The ip_address argument is the IP address, in dotted dec-imal notation, of the device to which you want to connect.•The port argument is the number of t he port over which you want to open a telnet session.
187SHELL Commandsupload [server_address] [filename] [confirm]Copies the current configuration settings of the Cayman Gate-way to a TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) server. The TFTP server must be accessible on your Ethernet network. The server_address argument identifies the IP address of the TFTP server on which you want to store the Cayman Gateway settings. The filename argument identifies the path and name of the configuration file on the TFTP server. If you include the optional confirm keyword, you will not be prompted to confirm whether or not you want to perform the operation.who Displays the names of the current shell and PPP users. WAN Commandsatmping vccn [ segment | end-to-end ]Lets you check the ATM connection reachability and network connectivity. This command sends five Operations, Administra-tion, and Maintenance (OAM) loopback calls to the specified vpi/vci destination. There is a five second total timeout interval.Use the segment argument to ping a neighbor switch.Use the end-to-end argument to ping a remote end node.reset dhcp client release [ vcc-id ]Releases the DHCP lease the Cayman Gateway is currently using to acquire the IP settings for the specified DSL port. The vcc-id identifier is a letter in the range B-I. Enter the reset
188dhcp client release without the variable to see the letter assigned to each virtual circuit.reset dhcp client renew [ vcc-id ]Releases the DHCP lease the Cayman Gateway is currently using to acquire the IP settings for the specified DSL port. The vcc-id identifier is a letter in the range B-I. Enter the reset dhcp client release without the variable to see the letter assigned to each virtual circuit.reset dslResets any open DSL connection.reset ppp vccnResets the point-to-point connection over the specified virtual circuit. This command only applies to virtual circuits that use PPP framing.show atm [all]Displays ATM statistics for the Cayman Gateway. The optional all argument displays a more detailed set of ATM statistics.show dslDisplays DSL port statistics, such as upstream and down-stream connection rates and noise levels.
189SHELL Commandsshow ppp [{ stats | lcp | ipcp }]Displays information about open PPP links. You can display a subset of the PPP statistics by including an optional stats, lcp, or ipcp argument for the show ppp command.start ppp vccnOpens a PPP link on the specified virtual circuit.
190About CONFIG CommandsYou reach the configuration mode of the command line inter-face by typing configure (or any truncation of configure, such as con or config) at the CLI SHELL prompt.CONFIG Mode PromptWhen you are in CONFIG mode, the CLI prompt consists of the name of the Cayman Gateway followed by your current node in the hierarchy and two right angle brackets (>>). For example, when you enter CONFIG mode (by typing config at the SHELL prompt), the Coconut (top)>> prompt reminds you that you are at the top of the CONFIG hierarchy. If you move to the ip node in the CONFIG hierarchy (by typing ip at the CONFIG prompt), the prompt changes to Coconut (ip)>> to identify your current location.Some CLI commands are not available until certain conditions are met. For example, you must enable IP for an interface before you can enter IP settings for that interface.Navigating the CONFIG Hierarchy•Moving from CONFIG to SHELL — You can navigate from anywhere in the CONFIG hierarchy back to the SHELL level by entering quit at the CONFIG prompt and pressing RETURN. Dogzilla (top)>> quitDogzilla >•Moving from top to a subnode — You can navigate from the top node to a subnode by entering the node name (or the significant letters of the node name) at the CONFIG prompt and pressing RETURN. For example, you move to the IP subn-ode by entering ip and pressing RETURN.
191About CONFIG CommandsDogzilla (top)>> ipDogzilla (ip)>>As a shortcut, you can enter the significant letters of the node name in place of the full node name at the CONFIG prompt. The significant characters of a node name are the letters that uniquely identify the node. For example, since no other CONFIG node starts with I, you could enter one letter (“i”) to move to the IP node.•Jumping down several nodes at once — You can jump down several levels in the CONFIG hierarchy by entering the complete path to a node. •Moving up one node — You can move up through the CON-FIG hierarchy one node at a time by entering the up com-mand. •Jumping to the top node — You can jump to the top level from anywhere in the CONFIG hierarchy by entering the top command. •Moving from one subnode to another — You can move from one subnode to another by entering a partial path that identifies how far back to climb.•Moving from any subnode to any other subnode — You can move from any subnode to any other subnode by enter-ing a partial path that starts with a top-level CONFIG com-mand.•Scrolling backward and forward through recent com-mands — You can use the Up and Down arrow keys to scroll backward and forward through recent commands you have entered. When the command you want appears, press Enter to execute it.
192Entering Commands in CONFIG ModeCONFIG commands consist of keywords and arguments. Key-words in a CONFIG command specify the action you want to take or the entity on which you want to act. Arguments in a CONFIG command specify the values appropriate to your site. For example, the CONFIG commandset ip ethernet A ip_address consists of two keywords (ip, and ethernet A) and one argu-ment (ip_address). When you use the command to configure your Gateway, you would replace the argument with a value appropriate to your site.For example:set ip ethernet A 192.31.222.57
193About CONFIG CommandsGuidelines: CONFIG CommandsThe following table provides guidelines for entering and format-ting CONFIG commands.If a command is ambiguous or miskeyed, the CLI prompts you to enter additional information. For example, you must specify which virtual circuit you are configuring when you are setting up a Cayman Gateway.Command component Rules for entering CONFIG commandsCommand verbs CONFIG commands must start with a command verb (set, view, delete).You can truncate CONFIG verbs to three characters (set, vie, del).CONFIG verbs are case-insensitive. You can enter “SET,” “Set,” or “set.”Keywords Keywords are case-insensitive. You can enter “Ether-net,” “ETHERNET,” or “ethernet” as a keyword without changing its meaning.Keywords can be abbreviated to the length that they are differentiated from other keywords. Argument Text Text strings can be as many as 64 characters long, unless otherwise specified. In some cases they may be as long as 255 bytes.Special characters are represented using backslash notation.Text strings may be enclosed in double (“) or single (‘) quote marks. If the text string includes an embedded space, it must be enclosed in quotes.Special characters are represented using backslash notation.Numbers Enter numbers as integers, or in hexadecimal, where so noted.IP addresses Enter IP addresses in dotted decimal notation (0 to 255).
194Displaying Current Gateway SettingsYou can use the view command to display the current CONFIG settings for your Cayman Gateway. If you enter the view com-mand at the top level of the CONFIG hierarchy, the CLI displays the settings for all enabled functions. If you enter the view com-mand at an intermediate node, you see settings for that node and its subnodes.Step Mode: A CLI Configuration TechniqueThe Cayman Gateway command line interface includes a step mode to automate the process of entering configuration set-tings. When you use the CONFIG step mode, the command line interface prompts you for all required and optional information. You can then enter the configuration values appropriate for your site without having to enter complete CLI commands.When you are in step mode, the command line interface prompts you to enter required and optional settings. If a setting has a default value or a current setting, the command line inter-face displays the default value for the command in parenthe-ses. If a command has a limited number of acceptable values, those values are presented in brackets, with each value sepa-rated by a vertical line. For example, the following CLI step com-mand indicates that the default value is off and that valid entries are limited to on and off.option (off) [on | off]: onYou can accept the default value for a field by pressing the Return key. To use a different value, enter it and press Return.You can enter the CONFIG step mode by entering set from the top node of the CONFIG hierarchy. You can enter step mode for a particular service by entering set service_name. In step-
195About CONFIG Commandsping set mode (press Control-X <Return/Enter> to exit. For example:Dogzilla (top)>> set system...system name (“Dogzilla”): Mycroft Diagnostic Level (High): mediumStepping mode ended.Validating Your ConfigurationYou can use the validate CONFIG command to make sure that your configuration settings have been entered correctly. If you use the validate command, the Cayman Gateway verifies that all required settings for all services are present and that settings are consistent.Dogzilla (top)>> validateError: Subnet mask is incorrectGlobal Validation did not passinspection!You can use the validate command to verify your configura-tion settings at any time. Your Cayman Gateway automatically validates your configuration any time you save a modified con-figuration.
196CONFIG CommandsThis section describes the keywords and arguments for the var-ious CONFIG commands.DSL CommandsATM Settings. You can use the CLI to set up each ATM virtual circuit. set atm option {on | off } Enables the WAN interface of the Cayman Gateway to be config-ured using the Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) protocol.set atm [vcc n] option {on | off } Selects the virtual circuit for which further parameters are set. Up to eight VCCs are supported; the maximum number is dependent on your Cayman Operating System tier and the capa-bilities that your Service Provider offers.set atm [vcc n] qos service-class { cbr | ubr }Sets the Quality of Service class for the specified virtual circuit – Constant (cbr) or Unspecified (ubr) Bit Rate. •ubr: No configuration is needed for UBR VCs. Leave the default value 0 (maximum line rate).•cbr: One parameter is required for CBR VCs. Enter the Peak Cell Rate that applies to the VC. This value should be between 1 and the line rate. You set this value according to specifications defined by your service provider.
197CONFIG Commandsset atm [vcc n] qos peak-cell-rate { 1 ...n }If QoS class is set to cbr, then specifiy the peak-cell-rate that should apply to the specified virtual circuit. This value should be between 1 and the line rate.set atm [vcc n] vpi { 0 ... 255 } Select the virtual path identifier (vpi) for VCC n.Your Service Provider will indicate the required vpi number.set atm [vcc n] vci { 0 ... 65535 }Select the virtual channel identifier (vci) for VCC n.Your Service Provider will indicate the required vci number.set atm [vccn] encap { ppp-vcmux | ppp-llc | ether-llc | ip-llc | ppoe-vcmux | pppoe-llc }Select the encapsulation mode for VCC n. The options are:Your Service Provider will indicate the required encapsulation mode.ppp-vcmux PPP over ATM, VC-muxedppp-llc PPP over ATM, LLC-SNAPether-llc RFC-1483, bridged Ethernet, LLC-SNAPip-llc RFC-1483, routed IP, LLC-SNAPpppoe-vcmux PPP over Ethernet, VC-muxedpppoe-llc PPP over Ethernet, LLC-SNAP
198set atm [vccn] pppoe-sessions { 1 ... 8 }Select the number of PPPoE sessions to be configured for VCC 1, up to a total of eight. The total number of pppoe-ses-sions and PPPoE VCCs configured must be less than or equal to eight. Bridging SettingsBridging lets the Cayman Gateway use MAC (Ethernet hard-ware) addresses to forward non-TCP/IP traffic from one network to another. When bridging is enabled, the Cayman Gateway maintains a table of up to 512 MAC addresses. Entries that are not used within 30 seconds are dropped. If the bridging table fills up, the oldest table entries are dropped to make room for new entries. Virtual circuits that use IP framing cannot be bridged.☛ NOTE:For bridging in the 3341 (or any model with a USB port), you cannot set the bridge option off, or bridge ethernet option off; these are on by default because of the USB port.Common Commandsset bridge option {on | off }Enables or disables bridging services in the Cayman Gateway. You must enable bridging services within the Cayman Gateway before you can enable bridging for a specific interface.
199CONFIG Commandsset bridge ethernet option { on | off } Enables or disables bridging services for the specified virtual circuit using Ethernet framing.set bridge dsl vccn option { on | off } Enables or disables bridging services for the specified DSL vir-tual circuit.DHCP SettingsAs a Dynamic Host Control Protocol (DHCP) server, your Cay-man Gateway can assign IP addresses and provide configura-tion information to other devices on your network dynamically. A device that acquires its IP address and other TCP/IP configura-tion settings from the Cayman Gateway can use the information for a fixed period of time (called the DHCP lease).Common Commandsset dhcp option { off | server | relay-agent } Enables or disables DHCP services in the Cayman Gateway. You must enable DHCP services before you can enter other DHCP settings for the Cayman Gateway.If you turn off DHCP services and save the new configuration, the Cayman Gateway clears its DHCP settings.set dhcp start-address ip_address If you selected server, specifies the first address in the DHCP address range. The Cayman Gateway can reserve a
200sequence of up to 253 IP addresses within a subnet, beginning with the specified address for dynamic assignment. set dhcp end-address ip_address If you selected server, specifies the last address in the DHCP address range.set dhcp lease-time lease-time If you selected server, specifies the default length for DHCP leases issued by the Cayman Gateway. Enter lease time in dd:hh:mm:ss (day/hour/minute/second) format.DMT Settings DSL Commandsset dmt type [ lite | dmt | ansi | multi ] Selects the type of Discrete Multitone (DMT) asynchronous digi-tal subscriber line (ADSL) protocol to use for the WAN interface.☛ NOTE:dmt type is not supported for Annex B (335x) plat-forms.set dmt autoConfig [ off | on ]Enables support for automatic VPI/VCI detection and configura-tion. When set to on (the default), a pre-defined list of VPI/VCI pairs are searched to find a valid configuration for your ADSL
201CONFIG Commandsline. Entering a value for the VPI or VCI setting will disable this feature.set dmt wiringMode [ auto | tip_ring | A_A1 ](not supported on all models) This command configures the wir-ing mode setting for your ADSL line. Selecting auto (the default) causes the Gateway to detect which pair of wires (inner or outer pair) are in use on your phone line. Specifying tip_ring forces the inner pair to be used; and A_A1 the outer pair.Domain Name System SettingsDomain Name System (DNS) is an information service for TCP/IP networks that uses a hierarchical naming system to identify network domains and the hosts associated with them. You can identify a primary DNS server and one secondary server.Common Commandsset dns domain-name domain-name Specifies the default domain name for your network. When an application needs to resolve a host name, it appends the default domain name to the host name and asks the DNS server if it has an address for the “fully qualified host name.” set dns primary-address ip_address Specifies the IP address of the primary DNS name server.
202set dns secondary-address ip_addressSpecifies the IP address of the secondary DNS name server. Enter 0.0.0.0 if your network does not have a secondary DNS name server. IP SettingsYou can use the command line interface to specify whether TCP/IP is enabled, identify a default Gateway, and to enter TCP/IP settings for the Cayman Gateway LAN and WAN ports.☛ NOTE:For the DSL platform you must identify the virtual PPP interface [vccn], a number from 1 to 8.Common Settingsset ip option { on | off }Enables or disables TCP/IP services in the Cayman Gateway. You must enable TCP/IP services before you can enter other TCP/IP settings for the Cayman Gateway. If you turn off TCP/IP services and save the new configuration, the Cayman Gateway clears its TCP/IP settings.
203CONFIG CommandsDSL Settingsset ip dsl vccn address ip_addressAssigns an IP address to the virtual circuit. Enter 0.0.0.0 if you want the virtual circuit to obtain its IP address from a remote DHCP server.set ip dsl vccn broadcast broadcast_addressSpecifies the broadcast address for the TCP/IP network con-nected to the virtual circuit. IP hosts use the broadcast address to send messages to every host on your network simulta-neously.The broadcast address for most networks is the network num-ber followed by 255. For example, the broadcast address for the 192.168.1.0 network would be 192.168.1.255.set ip dsl vccn netmask netmaskSpecifies the subnet mask for the TCP/IP network connected to the virtual circuit. The subnet mask specifies which bits of the 32-bit binary IP address represents network information. The default subnet mask for most networks is 255.255.255.0 (Class C subnet mask).set ip dsl vccn restriction { admin-disabled | none }Specifies restrictions on the types of traffic the Cayman Gate-way accepts over the DSL virtual circuit. The admin-dis-abled argument means that access to the device via telnet, web, and SNMP is disabled. RIP and ICMP traffic is still accepted. The none argument means that all traffic is accepted.
204set ip dsl vccn addr-mapping { on | off }Specifies whether you want the Cayman Gateway to use net-work address translation (NAT) when communicating with remote routers. Address mapping lets you conceal details of your network from remote routers. It also permits all LAN devices to share a single IP address. By default, address map-ping is turned “On”.set ip dsl vccn rip-send { off | v1 | v2 | v1-compat | v2-MD5 }Specifies whether the Cayman Gateway should use Routing Information Protocol (RIP) broadcasts to advertise its routing tables to other routers. RIP Version 2 (RIP-2) is an extension of the original Routing Information Protocol (RIP-1) that expands the amount of useful information in the RIP packets. While RIP-1 and RIP-2 share the same basic algorithms, RIP-2 supports several additional features, including inclusion of subnet masks in RIP packets and implementation of multicasting instead of broadcasting (which reduces the load on hosts which do not support routing protocols. RIP-2 with MD5 authentication is an extension of RIP-2 that increases security by requiring an authentication key when routes are advertised.Depending on your network needs, you can configure your Cay-man Gateway to support RIP-1, RIP-2, or RIP-2MD5.If you specify v2-MD5, you must also specify a rip-send-key. Keys are ASCII strings with a maximum of 31 characters, and must match the other router(s) keys for proper operation of MD5 support.
205CONFIG Commandsset ip dsl vccn rip-receive { off | v1 | v2 | v1-compat | v2-MD5 }Specifies whether the Cayman Gateway should use Routing Information Protocol (RIP) broadcasts to update its routing tables with information received from other routers.If you specify v2-MD5, you must also specify a rip-receive-key. Keys are ASCII strings with a maximum of 31 characters, and must match the other router(s) keys for proper operation of MD5 support.Ethernet Hub Settingsset ip ethernet option { on | off }Enables or disables communications through the designated Ethernet port in the Gateway. You must enable TCP/IP functions for an Ethernet port before you can configure its network set-tings.☛ NOTE:Currently, the only option is on; it cannot be set to off.set ip ethernet A address ip_addressAssigns an IP address to the Cayman Gateway on the local area network. The IP address you assign to the local Ethernet inter-face must be unique on your network. By default, the Cayman Gateway uses 192.168.1.254 as its LAN IP address.
206set ip ethernet A broadcast broadcast_addressSpecifies the broadcast address for the local Ethernet inter-face. IP hosts use the broadcast address to send messages to every host on your network simultaneously. The broadcast address for most networks is the network num-ber followed by 255. For example, the broadcast address for the 192.168.1.0 network would be 192.168.1.255.set ip ethernet A netmask netmaskSpecifies the subnet mask for the local Ethernet interface. The subnet mask specifies which bits of the 32-bit binary IP address represent network information. The default subnet mask for most networks is 255.255.255.0 (Class C subnet mask).set ip ethernet A restrictions { none | admin-disabled }Specifies whether an administrator can open a telnet connec-tion to a Cayman Gateway over the Ethernet interface to moni-tor and configure the unit. The admin-disabled argument means that access to the device via telnet, web, and SNMP is disabled. On the WAN port, you can enable or disable adminis-trator access or specify that the WAN port can only be used for administrative traffic. By default, administrative restrictions are off on the LAN, but Admin-Disabled is set for the WAN, meaning an administrator can open a telnet connection.set ip ethernet rip-send { off | v1 | v2 | v1-compat | v2-MD5 }Specifies whether the Cayman Gateway should use Routing Information Protocol (RIP) broadcasts to advertise its routing
207CONFIG Commandstables to other routers on your network. RIP Version 2 (RIP-2) is an extension of the original Routing Information Protocol (RIP-1) that expands the amount of useful information in the RIP pack-ets. While RIP-1 and RIP-2 share the same basic algorithms, RIP-2 supports several additional features, including inclusion of subnet masks in RIP packets and implementation of multi-casting instead of broadcasting (which reduces the load on hosts which do not support routing protocols. RIP-2 with MD5 authentication is an extension of RIP-2 that increases security by requiring an authentication key when routes are advertised.If you specify v2-MD5, you must also specify a rip-send-key. Keys are ASCII strings with a maximum of 31 characters, and must match the other router(s) keys for proper operation of MD5 support.Depending on your network needs, you can configure your Cay-man Gateway to support RIP-1, RIP-2, or RIP-2MD5.set ip ethernet [ A | B ] rip-receive { off | v1 | v2 | v1-compat | v2-MD5 }Specifies whether the Cayman Gateway should use Routing Information Protocol (RIP) broadcasts to update its routing tables with information received from other routers on your net-work.If you specify v2-MD5, you must also specify a rip-receive-key. Keys are ASCII strings with a maximum of 31 characters, and must match the other router(s) keys for proper operation of MD5 support.
208Default IP Gateway Settingsset ip gateway option { on | off }Specifies whether the Cayman Gateway should send packets to a default Gateway if it does not know how to reach the destina-tion host.set ip gateway interface { ip-address | ppp-vccn }Specifies how the Cayman Gateway should route information to the default Gateway. If you select ip-address, you must enter the IP address of a host on a local or remote network. If you specify ppp, the Cayman unit uses the default gateway being used by the remote PPP peer.IP-over-PPP Settings. Use the following commands to config-ure settings for routing IP over a virtual PPP interface.☛ NOTE:For a DSL platform you must identify the virtual PPP interface [vccn], a number from vcc1 to vcc8. set ip ip-ppp [vccn] option { on | off }Enables or disables IP routing through the virtual PPP interface. By default, IP routing is turned off. You must enable IP routing before you can enter other IP routing settings for the virtual PPP interface. If you turn off IP routing and save the new configura-tion, the Cayman Gateway clears IP routing settings
209CONFIG Commandsset ip ip-ppp [vccn] address ip_addressAssigns an IP address to the virtual PPP interface. If you spec-ify an IP address other than 0.0.0.0, your Cayman Gateway will not negotiate its IP address with the remote peer. If the remote peer does not accept the IP address specified in the ip_address argument as valid, the link will not come up.The default value for the ip_address argument is 0.0.0.0, which indicates that the virtual PPP interface will use the IP address assigned to it by the remote peer. Note that the remote peer must be configured to supply an IP address to your Cayman Gateway if you enter 0.0.0.0 for the ip_address argument.set ip ip-ppp [vccn] peer-address ip_addressSpecifies the IP address of the peer on the other end of the PPP link. If you specify an IP address other than 0.0.0.0, your Cay-man Gateway will not negotiate the remote peer's IP address. If the remote peer does not accept the address in the ip_address argument as its IP address (typically because it has been configured with another IP address), the link will not come up.The default value for the ip_address argument is 0.0.0.0, which indicates that the virtual PPP interface will accept the IP address returned by the remote peer. If you enter 0.0.0.0, the peer system must be configured to supply this address.set ip ip-ppp [vccn] restriction { admin-disabled | none }Specifies restrictions on the types of traffic the Cayman Gate-way accepts over the PPP virtual circuit. The admin-dis-
210abled argument means that access to the device, via telnet, web and SNMP is disabled. The none argument means that all traffic is accepted. set ip ip-ppp [vccn] addr-mapping { on | off }Specifies whether you want the Cayman Gateway to use net-work address translation (NAT) when communicating with remote routers. Network address translation lets you conceal details of your network from remote routers. By default, address mapping is turned on.set ip ip-ppp [vccn] rip-send { off | v1 | v2 | v1-compat | v2-MD5 }Specifies whether the Cayman Gateway unit should use Routing Information Protocol (RIP) broadcasts to advertise its routing tables to routers on the other side of the PPP link. An extension of the original Routing Information Protocol (RIP-1), RIP Version 2 (RIP-2) expands the amount of useful information in the pack-ets. While RIP-1 and RIP-2 share the same basic algorithms, RIP-2 supports several new features. For example, inclusion of subnet masks in RIP packets and implementation of multicast-ing instead of broadcasting. This last feature reduces the load on hosts which do not support routing protocols. RIP-2 with MD5 authentication is an extension of RIP-2 that increases security by requiring an authentication key when routes are advertised.This command is only available when address mapping for the specified virtual circuit is turned “off”.
211CONFIG Commandsset ip ip-ppp [vccn] rip-receive { off | v1 | v2 | v1-compat | v2-MD5 }Specifies whether the Cayman Gateway should use Routing Information Protocol (RIP) broadcasts to update its routing tables with information received from other routers on the other side of the PPP link.This command is only available when address mapping for the specified virtual circuit is turned “off”.Static ARP Settings. Your Cayman Gateway maintains a dynamic Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) table to map IP addresses to Ethernet (MAC) addresses. Your Cayman Gateway populates this ARP table dynamically, by retrieving IP address/MAC address pairs only when it needs them. Optionally, you can define static ARP entries to map IP addresses to their corre-sponding Ethernet MAC addresses. Unlike dynamic ARP table entries, static ARP table entries do not time out.You can configure as many as 16 static ARP table entries for a Cayman Gateway. Use the following commands to add static ARP entries to the Cayman Gateway static ARP table:set ip static-arp ip-address ip_addressSpecifies the IP address for the static ARP entry. Enter an IP address in the ip_address argument in dotted decimal for-mat. The ip_address argument cannot be 0.0.0.0.set ip static-arp ip-address ip_address hardware-address MAC_addressSpecifies the Ethernet hardware address for the static ARP entry. Enter an Ethernet hardware address in the
212MAC_address argument in nn.nn.nn.nn.nn.nn (hexadecimal) format.IGMP Forwardingset ip igmp-forwarding [ off | on ]Turns IP IGMP forwarding off or on. The default is off.IPsec Passthroughset ip ipsec-passthrough [ off | on ]Turns IPsec client passthrough off or on. The default is on.Static Route SettingsA static route identifies a manually configured pathway to a remote network. Unlike dynamic routes, which are acquired and confirmed periodically from other routers, static routes do not time out. Consequently, static routes are useful when working with PPP, since an intermittent PPP link may make maintenance of dynamic routes problematic.You can configure as many as 32 static IP routes for a Cayman Gateway. Use the following commands to maintain static routes to the Cayman Gateway routing table:set ip static-routes destination-network net_addressSpecifies the network address for the static route. Enter a net-work address in the net_address argument in dotted deci-mal format. The net_address argument cannot be 0.0.0.0.
213CONFIG Commandsset ip static-routes destination-network net_address netmask netmaskSpecifies the subnet mask for the IP network at the other end of the static route. Enter the netmask argument in dotted deci-mal format. The subnet mask associated with the destination network must represent the same network class (A, B, or C) or a lower class (such as a class C subnet mask for class B net-work number) to be valid.set ip static-routes destination-network net_address interface { ip-address | ppp-vccn }Specifies the interface through which the static route is acces-sible.set ip static-routes destination-network net_address gateway-address gate_addressSpecifies the IP address of the Gateway for the static route. The default Gateway must be located on a network connected to the Cayman Gateway configured interface.set ip static-routes destination-network net_address metric integerSpecifies the metric (hop count) for the static route. The default metric is 1. Enter a number from 1 to 15 for the integer argu-ment to indicate the number of routers (actual or best guess) a packet must traverse to reach the remote network.You can enter a metric of 1 to indicate either:•The remote network is one router away and the static route is the best way to reach it;
214•The remote network is more than one router away but the static route should not be replaced by a dynamic route, even if the dynamic route is more efficient. set ip static-routes destination-network net_address rip-advertise [ SplitHorizon | Always | Never ]Specifies whether the gateway should use Routing Information Protocol (RIP) broadcasts to advertise to other routers on your network and which mode to use. The default is SplitHorizon.delete ip static-routes destination-network net_addressDeletes a static route. Deleting a static route removes all infor-mation associated with that route.IPMaps Settingsset ip-maps name <name> internal-ip <ip address>Specifies the name and static ip address of the LAN device to be mapped.set ip-maps name <name> external-ip <ip address>Specifies the name and static ip address of the WAN device to be mapped.Up to 8 mapped static IP addresses are supported.
215CONFIG CommandsNetwork Address Translation (NAT) Default SettingsNAT default settings let you specify whether you want your Cay-man Gateway to forward NAT traffic to a default server when it doesn’t know what else to do with it. The NAT default host func-tion is useful in situations where you cannot create a specific NAT pinhole for a traffic stream because you cannot anticipate what port number an application might use. For example, some network games select arbitrary port numbers when a connec-tion is being opened. By identifying your computer (or another host on your network) as a NAT default server, you can specify that NAT traffic that would otherwise be discarded by the Cay-man Gateway should be directed to a specific hosts.set nat-default mode { off | default-server | ip-passthrough }Specifies whether you want your Cayman Gateway to forward unsolicited traffic from the WAN to a default server or an IP passthrough host when it doesn’t know what else to do with it. See “Default Server” on page 88 for more information.set nat-default { address ip_address | host-hardware-address MAC_address }Specifies the IP address of the NAT default server or the hard-ware (MAC) address of the IP passthrough host.
216Network Address Translation (NAT) Pinhole SettingsNAT pinholes let you pass specific types of network traffic through the NAT interfaces on the Cayman Gateway. NAT pin-holes allow you to route selected types of network traffic, such as FTP requests or HTTP (Web) connections, to a specific host behind the Cayman Gateway transparently.To set up NAT pinholes, you identify the type(s) of traffic you want to redirect by port number, and you specify the internal host to which each specified type of traffic should be directed.The following list identifies protocol type and port number for common TCP/IP protocols:•FTP (TCP 21)•telnet (TCP 23)•SMTP (TCP 25),•TFTP (UDP 69)•SNMP (TCP 161, UDP 161) set pinhole name nameSpecifies the identifier for the entry in the router's pinhole table. You can name pinhole table entries sequentially (1, 2, 3), by port number (21, 80, 23), by protocol, or by some other naming scheme.set pinhole name name protocol-select { tcp | udp }Specifies the type of protocol being redirected.set pinhole name name external-port-start [ 0 - 49151 ]Specifies the first port number in the range being translated.
217CONFIG Commandsset pinhole name name external-port-end [ 0 - 49151 ]Specifies the last port number in the range being translated.set pinhole name name internal-ip internal-ipSpecifies the IP address of the internal host to which traffic of the specified type should be transferred.set pinhole name name internal-port internal-portSpecifies the port number your Cayman Gateway should use when forwarding traffic of the specified type. Under most cir-cumstances, you would use the same number for the external and internal port.PPPoE /PPPoA SettingsYou can use the following commands to configure basic set-tings, port authentication settings, and peer authentication set-tings for PPP interfaces on your Cayman Gateway.Configuring Basic PPP Settings. ☛ NOTE:For the DSL platform you must identify the virtual PPP interface [vccn], a number from 1 to 8.set PPP module [vccn] option { on | off }Enables or disables PPP on the Cayman Gateway.
218set PPP module [vccn] auto-connect { on | off }Supports manual mode required for some vendors. The default on is not normally changed. If auto-connect is disabled (off), you must manually start/stop a ppp connection.set PPP module [vccn] mru integerSpecifies the Maximum Receive Unit (MRU) for the PPP inter-face. The integer argument can be any number between 128 and 1492 for PPPoE; 1500 otherwise.set PPP module [vccn] magic-number { on | off }Enables or disables LCP magic number negotiation.set PPP module [vccn] protocol-compression { on | off }Specifies whether you want the Cayman Gateway to compress the PPP Protocol field when it transmits datagrams over the PPP link.set PPP module [vccn] lcp-echo-requests { on | off }Specifies whether you want your Cayman Gateway to send LCP echo requests. You should turn off LCP echoing if you do not want the Cayman Gateway to drop a PPP link to a nonrespon-sive peer.set PPP module [vccn] failures-max integerSpecifies the maximum number of Configure-NAK messages the PPP module can send without having sent a Configure-ACK mes-sage. The integer argument can be any number between 1 and 20.
219CONFIG Commandsset PPP module [vccn] configure-max integerSpecifies the maximum number of unacknowledged configura-tion requests that your Cayman Gateway will send. The integer argument can be any number between 1 and 10.set PPP module [vccn] terminate-max integerSpecifies the maximum number of unacknowledged termination requests that your Cayman Gateway will send before terminat-ing the PPP link. The integer argument can be any number between 1 and 10. set PPP module [vccn] restart-timer integerSpecifies the number of seconds the Cayman Gateway should wait before retransmitting a configuration or termination request. The integer argument can be any number between 1 and 30.set PPP module [vccn] connection-type { instant-on | always-on }Specifies whether a PPP connection is maintained by the Cay-man Gateway when it is unused for extended periods. If you specify always-on, the Cayman Gateway never shuts down the PPP link. If you specify instant-on, the Cayman Gateway shuts down the PPP link after the number of seconds specified in the time-out setting (below) if no traffic is moving over the circuit.set PPP module [vccn] time-out integerIf you specified a connection type of instant-on, specifies the number of seconds, in the range 30 - 3600, with a default
220value of 300, the Cayman Gateway should wait for communica-tion activity before terminating the PPP link.Configuring Port Authentication. You can use the following command to specify how your Cayman Gateway should respond when it receives an authentication request from a remote peer.The settings for port authentication on the local Cayman Gate-way must match the authentication that is expected by the remote peer. For example, if the remote peer requires CHAP authentication and has a name and CHAP secret for the Cay-man Gateway, you must enable CHAP and specify the same name and secret on the Cayman Gateway before the link can be established.set PPP module [vccn] port-authenticationoption [ off | on | pap-only | chap-only ]username:password:Specifying on turns both PAP and CHAP on, or you can select PAP or CHAP. Specify the username and password when port authentication is turned on (both CHAP and PAP, CHAP or PAP.)The username argument is 1- 255 alphanumeric characters. The information you enter must match the username configured in the PPP peer's authentication database. The password argument is 1-32 alphanumeric characters. The information you enter must match the password used by the PPP peer.Authentication must be enabled before you can enter other information.
221CONFIG CommandsEthernet Port Settingsset ethernet ethernet A mode { auto | 100M-full | 100M-half | 10M-full | 10M-half }Allows mode setting for the ethernet port. Only supported on units without a LAN switch, or dual ethernet products (338x). In the dual ethernet case, “ethernet B” would be specified for the WAN port. The default is auto.Command Line Interface Preference SettingsYou can set command line interface preferences to customize your environment. set preference verbose { on | off }set define verbose { on | off }Specifies whether you want command help and prompting infor-mation displayed. By default, the command line interface ver-bose preference is turned off. If you turn it on, the command line interface displays help for a node when you navigate to that node.set preference more linesset define more linesSpecifies how many lines of information you want the command line interface to display at one time. The lines argument speci-fies the number of lines you want to see at one time. The range is 1-65535. By default, the command line interface shows you 22 lines of text before displaying the prompt: More …[y|n] ?.
222If you enter 100 for the lines argument, the command line interface displays information as an uninterrupted stream (which is useful for capturing information to a text file).Port Renumbering SettingsIf you use NAT pinholes to forward HTTP or telnet traffic through your Cayman Gateway to an internal host, you must change the port numbers the Cayman Gateway uses for its own configura-tion traffic. For example, if you set up a NAT pinhole to forward network traffic on Port 80 (HTTP) to another host, you would have to tell the Cayman Gateway to listen for configuration con-nection requests on a port number other than 80, such as 6080.After you have changed the port numbers the Cayman Gateway uses for its configuration traffic, you must use those port num-bers instead of the standard numbers when configuring the Cay-man Gateway. For example, if you move the router's Web service to port “6080” on a box with a DNS name of “super-box”, you would enter the URL http://superbox:6080 in a Web browser to open the Cayman Gateway graphical user interface. Similarly, you would have to configure your telnet application to use the appropriate port when opening a configuration connec-tion to your Cayman Gateway.set servers web-http [ 0 - 65534 ]Specifies the port number for HTTP (web) communication with the Cayman Gateway. Because port numbers in the range 0-1024 are used by other protocols, you should use numbers in the range 2000-65534 when assigning new port numbers to the Cayman Gateway web configuration interface. A setting of 0 (zero) will turn the server off.
223CONFIG Commandsset servers telnet-tcp [ 0 - 65534 ]Specifies the port number for telnet (CLI) communication with the Cayman Gateway. Because port numbers in the range 0-1024 are used by other protocols, you should use numbers in the range 2000-65534 when assigning new port numbers to the Cayman Gateway telnet configuration interface. A setting of 0 (zero) will turn the server off.☛ NOTE:You cannot specify a port setting of 0 (zero) for both the web and telnet ports at the same time. This would prevent you from accessing to the Gateway.Security SettingsSecurity settings include the Firewall and IPSec parameters. All of the security functionality is keyed.Firewall Settings (for BreakWater Firewall)set security firewall option [ ClearSailing | SilentRunning | LANdLocked ]The 3 settings for BreakWater are discussed in detail on page page 111.
224IPsec Settingsset security ipsec option [ off | on ]Turns the IPsec option off or on. Default is off. See “IPSec” on page 116 for more information.SafeHarbour IPSec SettingsSafeHarbour VPN is a tunnel between the local network and another geographically dispersed network that is intercon-nected over the Internet. This VPN tunnel provides a secure, cost-effective alternative to dedicated leased lines. Internet Protocol Security (IPsec) is a series of services including encryption, authentication, integrity, and replay protection. Internet Key Exchange (IKE) is the key management protocol of IPsec that establishes keys for encryption and decryption. Because this VPN software implementation is built to these standards, the other side of the tunnel can be either another Cayman unit or another IPsec/IKE based security product. For VPN you can choose to have traffic authenticated, encrypted, or both.When connecting the Cayman unit in a telecommuting scenario, the corporate VPN settings will dictate the settings to be used in the Cayman unit. If a parameter has not been specified from the other end of the tunnel, choose the default unless you fully understand the ramifications of your parameter choice.set security ipsec nat-enable (off) {on | off}This enables Network Address Translation (NAT) over the Safe-Harbour tunnel.
225CONFIG Commandsset security ipsec option (off) {on | off}Turns on the SafeHarbour IPsec tunnel capability.set security ipsec tunnels name "123"The name of the tunnel can be quoted to allow special charac-ters and embedded spaces. set security ipsec tunnels name "123" tun-enable (on) {on | off}This enables this particular tunnel. Currently, one tunnel is sup-ported.set security ipsec tunnels name "123" dest-ext-address ip-addressSpecifies the IP address of the destination gateway.set security ipsec tunnels name "123" dest-int-network ip-addressSpecifies the IP address of the destination computer or internal network.set security ipsec tunnels name "123" dest-int-netmask netmaskSpecifies the subnet mask of the destination computer or inter-nal network. The subnet mask specifies which bits of the 32-bit IP address represents network information. The default subnet mask for most networks is 255.255.255.0 (class C subnet mask).
226set security ipsec tunnels name "123" encrypt-protocol (ESP) { ESP | none }See page 116 for details about SafeHarbour IPsec tunnel capa-bility.set security ipsec tunnels name "123" auth-protocol (ESP) {AH | ESP | none} See page 116 for details about SafeHarbour IPsec tunnel capa-bility.set security ipsec tunnels name "123" IKE-mode pre-shared-key-type (hex) {ascii | hex}See page 116 for details about SafeHarbour IPsec tunnel capa-bility.set security ipsec tunnels name "123" IKE-mode pre-shared-key ("") {hex string}See page 116 for details about SafeHarbour IPsec tunnel capa-bility.Example: 0x1234)set security ipsec tunnels name "123" IKE-mode neg-method (main) {main | aggressive}See page 116 for details about SafeHarbour IPsec tunnel capa-bility.Note: Aggressive Mode is a little faster, but it does not provide identity protection for negotiations nodes.
227CONFIG Commandsset security ipsec tunnels name "123" IKE-mode DH-group (1) { 1 | 2 | 5}See page 116 for details about SafeHarbour IPsec tunnel capa-bility.set security ipsec tunnels name "123" IKE_mode isakmp-SA-encrypt (DES) {DES | 3DES }See page 116 for details about SafeHarbour IPsec tunnel capa-bility.set security ipsec tunnels name "123" isakmp-SA-hash (MD5) {MD5 | SHA1}See page 116 for details about SafeHarbour IPsec tunnel capa-bility.set security ipsec tunnels name "123"PFS-DH-group (off) {off | 1 | 2 | 5 }See page 116 for details about SafeHarbour IPsec tunnel capa-bility.
228Internet Key Exchange (IKE) SettingsThe following four IPsec parameters configure the rekeying event.set security ipsec tunnels name "123" IKE-mode ipsec-soft-mbytes (1000) {1-1000000}set security ipsec tunnels name "123" IKE-mode ipsec-soft-seconds (82800) {60-1000000}set security ipsec tunnels name "123" IKE-mode ipsec-hard-mbytes (1200) {1-1000000}set security ipsec tunnels name "123" IKE-mode ipsec-hard-seconds (86400) {60-1000000}•The soft parameters designate when the system negotiates a new key. For example, after 82800 seconds (23 hours) or 1 Gbyte has been transferred (whichever comes first) the key will be renegotiated.•The hard parameters indicate that the renegotiation must be complete or the tunnel will be disabled. For example, 86400 seconds (24 hours) means that the renegotiation must be complete within one day. Both ends of the tunnel set parameters, and typically they will be the same. If they are not the same, the rekey event will hap-pen when the longest time period expires or when the largest amount of data has been sent.
229CONFIG CommandsStateful InspectionStateful inspection options are accessed by the security state-insp tag.set security state-insp [ ip-ppp | dsl ] vccn option [ off | on ]set security state-insp ethernet [ A | B ] option [ off | on ]Sets the stateful inspection option off or on on the specified interface. This option is disabled by default. Stateful inspection prevents unsolicited inbound access when NAT is disabled.set security state-insp [ ip-ppp | dsl ] vccn default-mapping [ off | on ]set security state-insp ethernet [ A | B ] default-mapping [ off | on ]Sets stateful inspection default mapping to router option off or on on the specified interface.set security state-insp [ ip-ppp | dsl ] vccn tcp-seq-diff [ 0 - 65535 ]set security state-insp ethernet [ A | B ] tcp-seq-diff [ 0 - 65535 ]Sets the acceptable TCP sequence difference on the specified interface. The TCP sequence number difference maximum allowed value is 65535. If the value of tcp-seq-diff is 0, it means that this check is disabled.
230set security state-insp [ ip-ppp | dsl ] vccn deny-fragments [ off | on ]set security state-insp ethernet [ A | B ] deny-fragments [ off | on ]Sets whether fragmented packets are allowed to be received or not on the specified interface.set security state-insp tcp-timeout [ 30 - 65535 ]Sets the stateful inspection TCP timeout interval, in seconds.set security state-insp udp-timeout [ 30 - 65535 ]Sets the stateful inspection UDP timeout interval, in seconds.set security state-insp xposed-addr exposed-address# "n" Allows you to add an entry to the specified list, or, if the list does not exist, creates the list for the stateful inspection fea-ture.Example:set security state-insp xposed-addr exposed-address# (?): 3232 has been added to the xposed-addr list.Sets the exposed list address number.
231CONFIG Commandsset security state-insp xposed-addr exposed-address# "n" start-ip ip_addressSets the exposed list range starting IP address, in dotted quad format.set security state-insp xposed-addr exposed-address# "n" end-ip ip_addressSets the exposed list range ending IP address, in dotted quad format.32 exposed addresses can be created. The range for exposed address numbers are from 1 through 32.set security state-insp xposed-addr exposed-address# "n" protocol [ tcp | udp | both | any ]Sets the protocol for the stateful inspection feature for the exposed address list. Accepted values for protocol are tcp, udp, both, or any.If protocol is not any, you can set port ranges:set security state-insp xposed-addr exposed-address# "n" start-port [ 1 - 65535 ]set security state-insp xposed-addr exposed-address# "n" end-port [ 1 - 65535 ]
232SNMP SettingsThe Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) lets a net-work administrator monitor problems on a network by retrieving settings on remote network devices. The network administrator typically runs an SNMP management station program on a local host to obtain information from an SNMP agent such as the Cayman Gateway.set snmp community read nameAdds the specified name to the list of communities associated with the Cayman Gateway. By default, the Cayman Gateway is associated with the public community.set snmp community trap nameAdds the specified name to the list of communities associated with the Cayman Gateway.set snmp trap ip-traps ip-addressIdentifies the destination for SNMP trap messages. The ip-address argument is the IP address of the host acting as an SNMP console.set snmp sysgroup contact contact_infoIdentifies the system contact, such as the name, phone num-ber, beeper number, or email address of the person responsi-ble for the Cayman Gateway. You can enter up to 255 characters for the contact_info argument. You must put the contact_info argument in double-quotes if it contains embedded spaces.
233CONFIG Commandsset snmp sysgroup location location_infoIdentifies the location, such as the building, floor, or room num-ber, of the Cayman Gateway. You can enter up to 255 charac-ters for the location_info argument. You must put the location_info argument in double-quotes if it contains embedded spaces.System SettingsYou can configure system settings to assign a name to your Cayman Gateway and to specify what types of messages you want the diagnostic log to record.set system name nameSpecifies the name of your Cayman Gateway. Each Cayman Gateway is assigned a name as part of its factory initialization. The default name for a Cayman Gateway consists of the word “Cayman-XX” and the serial number of the device; for example, Cayman-2E810700. A system name can be 1-63 characters long. Once you have assigned a name to your Cayman Gateway, you can enter that name in the Address text field of your browser to open a connection to your Cayman Gateway.☛ NOTE:Some broadband cable-oriented Service Providers use the System Name as an important identification and support parameter. If your Gateway is part of this type of network, do NOT alter the System Name unless specifically instructed by your Service Pro-vider.
234set system diagnostic-level { off | low | medium | high | alerts | failures }Specifies the types of log messages you want the Cayman Gateway to record. All messages with a level equal to or greater than the level you specify are recorded. For example, if you specify set system diagnostic-level medium, the diagnostic log will retain medium-level informational messages, alerts, and failure messages. Specifying off turns off logging.Use the following guidelines:•low - Low-level informational messages or greater; includes trivial status messages.•medium - Medium-level informational messages or greater; includes status messages that can help monitor network traffic.•high - High-level informational messages or greater; includes status messages that may be significant but do not constitute errors. The default.•alerts - Warnings or greater; includes recoverable error conditions and useful operator information.•failures - Failures; includes messages describing error conditions that may not be recoverable. set system password { admin | user }Specifies the administrator or user password for a Cayman Gateway. When you enter the set system password com-mand, you are prompted to enter the old password (if any) and new password. You are prompted to repeat the new password to verify that you entered it correctly the first time. To prevent anyone from observing the password you enter, characters in the old and new passwords are not displayed as you type them.
235CONFIG CommandsFor security, you cannot use the “step” method to set the sys-tem password.A password can be as many as eight characters. Passwords are case-sensitive. Passwords go into effect immediately. You do not have to restart the Cayman Gateway for the password to take effect. Assigning an administrator or user password to a Cayman Gate-way does not affect communications through the device. set system heartbeat { on | off } protocol [ udp | tcp ] port-client [ 1 - 65535 ]ip-server ip_addressport-server [ 1 - 65535 ]url-server ("server_name")interval (00:00:00:20)contact-email ("string@domain_name")location ("string"):The heartbeat setting is used in conjunction with the configura-tion server to broadcast contact and location information about your Gateway. You can specify the protocol, port, IP-, port-, and URL-server. The interval setting specifies the broadcast update frequency. The contact-email setting is a quote-enclosed text string giving an email address for the Gateway’s administrator. The location setting is a text string allowing you to specify your geographical or other location, such as “Bil-lerica, MA.”
236set system ntp option [ off | on ]:server-address (204.152.184.72)alt-server-address (""):time-zone [ -12 - 12 ] update-period (60) [ 1 - 65535 ]:Specifies the NTP server address, time zone, and how often the Gateway should check the time from the NTP server. You can leave the NTP server set to 204.152.184.72 and it will use the server addresses known by the Gateway to update the time. NTP time-zone of 0 is GMT time; options are -12 through 12 (+/- 1 hour increments from GMT time). The last setting is for specifying how often, in minutes, the Gateway should update the clock.Syslogset system syslog option [ off | on ]Enables or disables system syslog feature. If syslog option is on, the following commands are available:set system syslog host-nameip [ ip_address | hostname ]Specifies the syslog server’s address either in dotted decimal format or as a DNS name up to 64 characters.set system syslog log-facility [ local0 ... local7 ]Sets the UNIX syslog Facility. Acceptable values are local0 through local7.
237CONFIG Commandsset system syslog log-violations [ off | on ]Specifies whether violations are logged or ignored.set system syslog log-accepted [ off | on ]Specifies whether acceptances are logged or ignored.set system syslog log-attempts [ off | on ]Specifies whether connection attempts are logged or ignored.Default syslog installation procedure1. Access the router through the serial interface (if available) or telnet to the product from the private LAN. DHCP server is enabled on the LAN by default.2. There will be a prompt to set up the administrative password. The default Username is admin and this cannot be changed.3. The product’s stateful inspection feature needs to be enabled in order to prevent TCP, UDP and ICMP packets destined to the router or the private hosts.This can be done by entering the CONFIG interface.• Type config• Type the command to enable stateful inspection set security state-insp eth B option on• Type the command to enable the router to drop fragmented packets set security state-insp eth B deny-fragments on4. Enabling syslog:• Type config• Type the command to enable syslog set system syslog option on
238• Set the IP Address of the syslog host set system host-nameip <ip-addr> (example: set system host-nameip 10.3.1.1)• Enable/change the options you require set system syslog log-facility local1 set system syslog log-violations on set system syslog log-accepted on set system syslog log-attempts on5. Set NTP parameters• Type config• Set the time-zone – Default is 0 or GMT set system ntp time-zone <zone> (example: set system ntp time-zone –8)• Set NTP server-address if necessary (default is 204.152.184.72) set system ntp server-address <ip-addr>(example: set system server-address 204.152.184.73)• Set alternate server address set system ntp alt-server-address <ip-addr>6. Type the command to save the configuration• Type save• Exit the configuration interface by typing exit• Restart the router by typing restartThe router will reboot with the new configuration in effect.
239CONFIG CommandsWireless Settings (supported models)set wireless option ( on | off )Administratively enables or disables the wireless interface, if available.set wireless essid { network_name }Specifies the wireless network id for the Gateway. A unique essid is generated for each Gateway. You must set your wire-less clients to connect to this exact id, which can be changed to any 32-character string.set wireless default-channel { 1...14 }Specifies the wireless 2.4GHz sub channel on which the wire-less Gateway will operate. For US operation, this is limited to channels 1–11. Other countries vary; for example, Japan is channel 14 only. The default channel in the US is 6. Channel selection can have a significant impact on performance, depending on other wireless activity in proximity to this AP. Channel selection is not necessary at the clients; clients will scan the available channels and look for APs using the same essid as the client.set wireless closed-system { on | off }(if supported) When this setting is enabled, a client must know the essid in order to connect or even see the wireless access point. When disabled, a client may scan for available wireless access points and will see this one. Enable this setting for greater security. The default is on.
240set wireless wep option { off | on }(if supported) WEP is Wired Equivalent Privacy, a method of encrypting data between the wireless Gateway and its clients. It is strongly recommended to turn this on as it is the primary way to protect your network and data from intruders. Note that 40bit is the same as 64bit and will work with either type of wire-less client. The default is off.A single key is selected (see default-key) for encryption of out-bound/transmitted packets. The WEP-enabled client must have the identical key, of the same length, in the identical slot (1..4) as the wireless Gateway, in order to successfully receive and decrypt the packet. Similarly, the client also has a ‘default’ key that it uses to encrypt its transmissions. In order for the wire-less Gateway to receive the client’s data, it must likewise have the identical key, of the same length, in the same slot. For sim-plicity, a wireless Gateway and its clients need only enter, share, and use the first key.set wireless wep default-keyid { 1...4 }Specifies which WEP encryption key (of 4) the wireless Gateway will use to transmit data. The client must have an identical matching key, in the same numeric slot, in order to successfully decode. Note that a client allows you to choose which of its keys it will use to transmit. Therefore, you must have an identi-cal key in the same numeric slot on the Gateway.For simplicity, it is easiest to have both the Gateway and the cli-ent transmit with the same key. The default is 1.
241CONFIG Commandsset wireless wep encryption-key1-length {40/64bit, 128bit, 256bit}set wireless wep encryption-key2-length {40/64bit, 128bit, 256bit}set wireless wep encryption-key3-length {40/64bit, 128bit, 256bit}set wireless wep encryption-key4-length {40/64bit, 128bit, 256bit}Selects the length of each encryption key. 40bit encryption is equivalent to 64bit encryption. The longer the key, the stronger the encryption and the more difficult it is to break the encryp-tion.set wireless wep encryption-key1 { hexadecimal digits }set wireless wep encryption-key2 { hexadecimal digits }set wireless wep encryption-key3 { hexadecimal digits }set wireless wep encryption-key4 { hexadecimal digits }The encryption keys. Enter keys using hexadecimal digits. For 40/64bit encryption, you need 10 digits; 26 digits for 128bit, and 58 digits for 256bit WEP. Valid hexadecimal characters are 0..9, a..f. Example 40bit key: 02468ACE02.Example 128bit key: 0123456789ABCDEF0123456789.Example 256bit key: 592CA140F0A238B0C61AE162F592CA140F0A238B0C61AE162F21A09C.You must set at least one of these keys, indicated by the default-keyid.
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243CHAPTER 7 Glossary10Base-T. IEEE 802.3 specification for Ethernet that uses unshielded twisted pair (UTP) wiring with RJ-45 eight-conductor plugs at each end. Runs at 10 Mbps.100Base-T. IEEE 802.3 specification for Ethernet that uses unshielded twisted pair (UTP) wiring with RJ-45 eight-conductor plugs at each end. Runs at 100 Mbps.-----A-----ACK. Acknowledgment. Message sent from one network device to another to indicate that some event has occurred. See NAK.access rate. Transmission speed, in bits per second, of the cir-cuit between the end user and the network.
244adapter. Board installed in a computer system to provide net-work communication capability to and from that computer sys-tem.address mask. See subnet mask.ADSL. Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line. Modems attached to twisted pair copper wiring that transmit 1.5-9 Mbps down-stream (to the subscriber) and 16 -640 kbps upstream, depending on line distance.AH. The Authentication Header provides data origin authentica-tion, connectionless integrity, and anti-replay protection ser-vices. It protects all data in a datagram from tampering, including the fields in the header that do not change in transit. Does not provide confidentiality.ANSI. American National Standards Institute.ASCII. American Standard Code for Information Interchange (pronounced ASK-ee). Code in which numbers from 0 to 255 represent individual characters, such as letters, numbers, and punctuation marks; used in text representation and communi-cation protocols. asynchronous communication. Network system that allows data to be sent at irregular intervals by preceding each octet with a start bit and following it with a stop bit. Compare syn-chronous communication.Auth Protocol. Authentication Protocol for IP packet header. The three parameter values are None, Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) and Authentication Header (AH).
245-----B-----backbone. The segment of the network used as the primary path for transporting traffic between network segments.baud rate. Unit of signaling speed equal to the number of num-ber of times per second a signal in a communications channel varies between states. Baud is synonymous with bits per sec-ond (bps) if each signal represents one bit.binary. Numbering system that uses only zeros and ones.bps. Bits per second. A measure of data transmission speed. BRI. Basic Rate Interface. ISDN standard for provision of low-speed ISDN services (two B channels (64 kbps each) and one D channel (16 kbps)) over a single wire pair.bridge. Device that passes packets between two network seg-ments according to the packets' destination address.broadcast. Message sent to all nodes on a network.broadcast address. Special IP address reserved for simulta-neous broadcast to all network nodes.buffer. Storage area used to hold data until it can be for-warded.-----C-----carrier. Signal suitable for transmission of information.CCITT. Comité Consultatif International Télégraphique et Téléphonique or Consultative Committee for International Tele-
246graph and Telephone. An international organization responsible for developing telecommunication standards.CD. Carrier Detect.CHAP. Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol. Security protocol in PPP that prevents unauthorized access to network services. See RFC 1334 for PAP specifications Compare PAP.client. Network node that requests services from a server.CPE. Customer Premises Equipment. Terminating equipment such as terminals, telephones and modems that connects a customer site to the telephone company network.CO. Central Office. Typically a local telephone company facility responsible for connecting all lines in an area.compression. Operation performed on a data set that reduces its size to improve storage or transmission rate. crossover cable. Cable that lets you connect a port on one Ethernet hub to a port on another Ethernet hub. You can order an Ethernet crossover cable from Netopia, if needed.CSU/DSU. Channel Service Unit/Data Service Unit. Device responsible for connecting a digital circuit, such as a T1 link, with a terminal or data communications device.-----D-----data bits. Number of bits used to make up a character.datagram. Logical grouping of information sent as a network-layer unit. Compare frame, packet.
247DCE. Digital Communication Equipment. Device that connects the communication circuit to the network end node (DTE). A modem and a CSU/DSU are examples of a DCE.dedicated line. Communication circuit that is used exclusively to connect two network devices. Compare dial on demand.DES. Data Encryption Standard is a 56-bit encryption algo-rithm developed by the U.S. National Bureau of Standards (now the National Institute of Standards and Technology).3DES. Triple DES, with a 168 bit encryption key, is the most accepted variant of DES.DH Group. Diffie-Hellman is a public key algorithm used between two systems to determine and deliver secret keys used for encryption. Groups 1, 2 and 5 are supported. Also, see Diffie-Hellman listing.DHCP. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. A network configu-ration protocol that lets a router or other device assign IP addresses and supply other network configuration information to computers on your network.dial on demand. Communication circuit opened over standard telephone lines when a network connection is needed.Diffie-Hellman. A group of key-agreement algorithms that let two computers compute a key independently without exchang-ing the actual key. It can generate an unbiased secret key over an insecure medium.domain name. Name identifying an organization on the Inter-net. Domain names consists of sets of characters separated by periods (dots). The last set of characters identifies the type of
248organization (.GOV, .COM, .EDU) or geographical location (.US, .SE).domain name server. Network computer that matches host names to IP addresses in response to Domain Name System (DNS) requests.Domain Name System (DNS). Standard method of identifying computers by name rather than by numeric IP address.DSL. Digital Subscriber Line. Modems on either end of a single twisted pair wire that delivers ISDN Basic Rate Access.DTE. Data Terminal Equipment. Network node that passes information to a DCE (modem) for transmission. A computer or router communicating through a modem is an example of a DTE device.DTR. Data Terminal Ready. Circuit activated to indicate to a modem (or other DCE) that the computer (or other DTE) is ready to send and receive data.-----E-----echo interval. Frequency with which the router sends out echo requests.Enable. This toggle button is used to enable/disable the con-figured tunnel.encapsulation. Technique used to enclose information format-ted for one protocol, such as AppleTalk, within a packet format-ted for a different protocol, such as TCP/IP.Encrypt Protocol. Encryption protocol for the tunnel session.
249Parameter values supported include NONE or ESP.encryption. The application of a specific algorithm to a data set so that anyone without the encryption key cannot under-stand the information.ESP. Encapsulation Security Payload (ESP) header provides confidentiality, data origin authentication, connectionless integ-rity, anti-replay protection, and limited traffic flow confidentiality. It encrypts the contents of the datagram as specified by the Security Association. The ESP transformations encrypt and decrypt portions of datagrams, wrapping or unwrapping the dat-agram within another IP datagram. Optionally, ESP transforma-tions may perform data integrity validation and compute an Integrity Check Value for the datagram being sent. The com-plete IP datagram is enclosed within the ESP payload.Ethernet crossover cable. See crossover cable.-----F-----FCS. Frame Check Sequence. Data included in frames for error control.flow control. Technique using hardware circuits or control char-acters to regulate the transmission of data between a computer (or other DTE) and a modem (or other DCE). Typically, the modem has buffers to hold data; if the buffers approach capac-ity, the modem signals the computer to stop while it catches up on processing the data in the buffer. See CTS, RTS, xon/xoff.fragmentation. Process of breaking a packet into smaller units so that they can be sent over a network medium that cannot transmit the complete packet as a unit.
250frame. Logical grouping of information sent as a link-layer unit. Compare datagram, packet.FTP. File Transfer Protocol. Application protocol that lets one IP node transfer files to and from another node.FTP server. Host on network from which clients can transfer files. -----H-----Hard MBytes. Setting the Hard MBytes parameter forces the renegotiation of the IPSec Security Associations (SAs) at the configured Hard MByte value. The value can be configured between 1 and 1,000,000 MB and refers to data traffic passed.Hard Seconds. Setting the Hard Seconds parameter forces the renegotiation of the IPSec Security Associations (SAs) at the configured Hard Seconds value. The value can be config-ured between 60 and 1,000,000 seconds.A tunnel will start the process of renegotiation at the soft threshold and renegotiation must happen by the hard limit or traffic over the tunnel is terminated.hardware handshake. Method of flow control using two con-trol lines, usually Request to Send (RTS) and Clear to Send (CTS).header. The portion of a packet, preceding the actual data, containing source and destination addresses and error-check-ing fields.
251HMAC. Hash-based Message Authentication Codehop. A unit for measuring the number of routers a packet has passed through when traveling from one network to another. hop count. Distance, measured in the number of routers to be traversed, from a local router to a remote network. See metric. hub. Another name for a repeater. The hub is a critical network element that connects everything to one centralized point. A hub is simply a box with multiple ports for network connections. Each device on the network is attached to the hub via an Ether-net cable.-----I-----IKE. Internet Key Exchange protocol provides automated key management and is a preferred alternative to manual key man-agement as it provides better security. Manual key manage-ment is practical in a small, static environment of two or three sites. Exchanging the key is done through manual means. Because IKE provides automated key exchange, it is good for larger, more dynamic environments. INSPECTION. The best option for Internet communications security is to have an SMLI firewall constantly inspecting the flow of traffic: determining direction, limiting or eliminating inbound access, and verifying down to the packet level that the network traffic is only what the customer chooses. The Cayman Gateway works like a network super traffic cop, inspecting and filtering out undesired traffic based on your security policy and resulting configuration.interface. A connection between two devices or networks.
252internet address. IP address. A 32-bit address used to route packets on a TCP/IP network. In dotted decimal notation, each eight bits of the 32-bit number are presented as a decimal num-ber, with the four octets separated by periods. IPCP. Internet Protocol Control Protocol. A network control pro-tocol in PPP specifying how IP communications will be config-ured and operated over a PPP link. IPSEC. A protocol suite defined by the Internet Engineering Task Force to protect IP traffic at packet level. It can be used for protecting the data transmitted by any service or application that is based on IP, but is commonly used for VPNs.ISAKMP. Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol is a framework for creating connection specific param-eters. It is a protocol for establishing, negotiating, modifying, and deleting SAs and provides a framework for authentication and key exchange. ISAKMP is a part of the IKE protocol.-----K-----Key Management . The Key Management algorithm manages the exchange of security keys in the IPSec protocol architec-ture. SafeHarbour supports the standard Internet Key Exchange (IKE)-----L-----LCP. Link Control Protocol. Protocol responsible for negotiating connection configuration parameters, authenticating peers on the link, determining whether a link is functioning properly, and terminating the link. Documented in RFC 1331.
253LQM Link Quality Monitoring. Optional facility that lets PPP make policy decisions based on the observed quality of the link between peers. Documented in RFC 1333. loopback test. Diagnostic procedure in which data is sent from a devices's output channel and directed back to its input chan-nel so that what was sent can be compared to what was received. -----M-----magic number. Random number generated by a router and included in packets it sends to other routers. If the router receives a packet with the same magic number it is using, the router sends and receives packets with new random numbers to determine if it is talking to itself.MD5. A 128-bit, message-digest, authentication algorithm used to create digital signatures. It computes a secure, irreversible, cryptographically strong hash value for a document. Less secure than variant SHA-1.metric. Distance, measured in the number of routers a packet must traverse, that a packet must travel to go from a router to a remote network. A route with a low metric is considered more efficient, and therefore preferable, to a route with a high metric. See hop count. modem. Modulator/demodulator. Device used to convert a dig-ital signal to an analog signal for transmission over standard telephone lines. A modem at the other end of the connection converts the analog signal back to a digital signal. MRU. Maximum Receive Unit. The maximum packet size, in bytes, that a network interface will accept.
254MTU. Maximum Transmission Unit. The maximum packet size, in bytes, that can be sent over a network interface. MULTI-LAYER. The Open System Interconnection (OSI) model divides network traffic into seven distinct levels, from the Physi-cal (hardware) layer to the Application (software) layer. Those in between are the Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, and Data Link layers. Simple first and second generation fire-wall technologies inspect between 1 and 3 layers of the 7 layer model, while our SMLI engine inspects layers 2 through 7. -----N-----NAK. Negative acknowledgment. See ACK. Name. The Name parameter refers to the name of the config-ured tunnel. This is mainly used as an identifier for the adminis-trator. The Name parameter is an ASCII and is limited to 31 characters. The tunnel name is the only IPSec parameter that does not need to match the peer gateway.NCP. Network Control Protocol. Negotiation Method. This parameter refers to the method used during the Phase I key exchange, or IKE process. SafeHar-bour supports Main or Aggressive Mode. Main mode requires 3 two-way message exchanges while Aggressive mode only requires 3 total message exchanges.null modem. Cable or connection device used to connect two computing devices directly rather than over a network.
255-----P-----packet. Logical grouping of information that includes a header and data. Compare frame, datagram.PAP. Password Authentication Protocol. Security protocol within the PPP protocol suite that prevents unauthorized access to network services. See RFC 1334 for PAP specifications. Com-pare CHAP. parity. Method of checking the integrity of each character received over a communication channel. Peer External IP Address. The Peer External IP Address is the public, or routable IP address of the remote gateway or VPN server you are establishing the tunnel with.Peer Internal IP Network. The Peer Internal IP Network is the private, or Local Area Network (LAN) address of the remote gateway or VPN Server you are communicating with. Peer Internal IP Netmask. The Peer Internal IP Netmask is the subnet mask of the Peer Internal IP Network.PFS Enable. Enable Perfect Forward Secrecy. PFS forces a DH negotiation during Phase II of IKE-IPSec SA exchange. You can disable this or select a DH group 1, 2, or 5. PFS is a security principle that ensures that any single key being compromised will permit access to only data protected by that single key. In PFS, the key used to protect transmission of data must not be used to derive any additional keys. If the key was derived from some other keying material, that material must not be used to derive any more keys.
256PING. Packet INternet Groper. Utility program that uses an ICMP echo message and its reply to verify that one network node can reach another. Often used to verify that two hosts can communicate over a network. PPP. Point-to-Point Protocol. Provides a method for transmitting datagrams over serial router-to-router or host-to-network con-nections using synchronous or asynchronous circuits. Pre-Shared Key. The Pre-Shared Key is a parameter used for authenticating each side. The value can be an ASCII or Hex and a maximum of 64 characters.Pre-Shared Key Type. The Pre-Shared Key Type classifies the Pre-Shared Key. SafeHarbour supports ASCII or HEX typesprotocol. Formal set of rules and conventions that specify how information can be exchanged over a network. PSTN. Public Switched Telephone Network. -----R-----repeater. Device that regenerates and propagates electrical signals between two network segments. Also known as a hub.RFC. Request for Comment. Set of documents that specify the conventions and standards for TCP/IP networking. RIP. Routing Information Protocol. Protocol responsible for dis-tributing information about available routes and networks from one router to another.RJ-45. Eight-pin connector used for 10BaseT (twisted pair Ethernet) networks.
257route. Path through a network from one node to another. A large internetwork can have several alternate routes from a source to a destination. routing table. Table stored in a router or other networking device that records available routes and distances for remote network destinations. -----S-----SA Encrypt Type. SA Encryption Type refers to the symmetric encryption type. This encryption algorithm will be used to encrypt each data packet. SA Encryption Type values supported include DES and 3DES.SA Hash Type. SA Hash Type refers to the Authentication Hash algorithm used during SA negotiation. Values supported include MD5 SHA1. N/A will display if NONE is chose for Auth Protocol. Security Association. From the IPSEC point of view, an SA is a data structure that describes which transformation is to be applied to a datagram and how. The SA specifies:•The authentication algorithm for AH and ESP•The encryption algorithm for ESP•The encryption and authentication keys•Lifetime of encryption keys•The lifetime of the SA•Replay prevention sequence number and the replay bit tableAn arbitrary 32-bit number called a Security Parameters Index (SPI), as well as the destination host’s address and the IPSEC protocol identifier, identify each SA. An SPI is assigned to an SA
258when the SA is negotiated. The SA can be referred to by using an SPI in AH and ESP transformations. SA is unidirectional. SAs are commonly setup as bundles, because typically two SAs are required for communications. SA management is always done on bundles (setup, delete, relay).serial communication. Method of data transmission in which data bits are transmitted sequentially over a communication channelSHA-1. An implementation of the U.S. Government Secure Hash Algorithm; a 160-bit authentication algorithm.Soft MBytes. Setting the Soft MBytes parameter forces the renegotiation of the IPSec Security Associations (SAs) at the configured Soft MByte value. The value can be configured between 1 and 1,000,000 MB and refers to data traffic passed. If this value is not achieved, the Hard MBytes parameter is enforced.Soft Seconds. Setting the Soft Seconds parameter forces the renegotiation of the IPSec Security Associations (SAs) at the configured Soft Seconds value. The value can be configured between 60 and 1,000,000 seconds.SPI . The Security Parameter Index is an identifier for the encryption and authentication algorithm and key. The SPI indi-cates to the remote firewall the algorithm and key being used to encrypt and authenticate a packet. It should be a unique num-ber greater than 255.STATEFUL. The Cayman Gateway monitors and maintains the state of any network transaction. In terms of network request-and-reply, state consists of the source IP address, destination IP address, communication ports, and data sequence. The Cay-
259man Gateway processes the stream of a network conversation, rather than just individual packets. It verifies that packets are sent from and received by the proper IP addresses along the proper communication ports in the correct order and that no imposter packets interrupt the packet flow. Packet filtering mon-itors only the ports involved, while the Cayman Gateway ana-lyzes the continuous conversation stream, preventing session hijacking and denial of service attacks.static route. Route entered manually in a routing table. subnet mask. A 32-bit address mask that identifies which bits of an IP address represent network address information and which bits represent node identifier information.synchronous communication. Method of data communica-tion requiring the transmission of timing signals to keep PPP peers synchronized in sending and receiving blocks of data.-----T-----telnet. IP protocol that lets a user on one host establish and use a virtual terminal connection to a remote host. twisted pair. Cable consisting of two copper strands twisted around each other. The twisting provides protection against electromagnetic interference. -----U-----UTP. Unshielded twisted pair cable.
260-----V-----VJ. Van Jacobson. Abbreviation for a compression standard documented in RFC 1144. -----W-----WAN. Wide Area Network. Private network facilities, usually offered by public telephone companies but increasingly avail-able from alternative access providers (sometimes called Com-petitive Access Providers, or CAPs), that link business network nodes.WWW. World Wide Web.
261DescriptionCHAPTER 8 Technical Specifications and Safety InformationDescriptionDimensions: 13.5 cm (w) x 13.5 cm (d) x 3.5 cm (h)5.25” (w) x 5.25” (d) x 1.5” (h)Communications interfaces: The Netopia 3300 Series Gateways have an RJ-11 jack for DSL line connections or an RJ-45 jack for cable/DSL modem connections and 1 or 4–port 10/100Base-T Ethernet switch for your LAN connections. Some models have a USB port that can be used to connect to your PC; in some cases, the USB port also serves as the power source. Some models contain an 802.11b wireless LAN transmitter.
262Power requirements■12 VDC input■1.0 amps■USB-powered models only: For Use with Listed I.T.E. OnlyEnvironmentOperating temperature: 0° to +40° CStorage temperature: 0° to +70° CRelative storage humidity: 20 to 80% noncondensingSoftware and protocolsSoftware media: Software preloaded on internal flash memory; field upgrades done via download to internal flash memory via TFTP or web upload.Routing: TCP/IP Internet Protocol Suite, RIPWAN support: PPPoE, DHCP, static IP addressSecurity: PAP, CHAP, UI password security, IPsecManagement/configuration methods: HTTP (Web server), TelnetDiagnostics: Ping, event logging, routing table displays, statistics counters, web-based management
263Agency approvalsAgency approvalsNorth AmericaSafety Approvals:■United States – UL 60950, Third Edition■Canada – CSA: CAN/CSA-C22.2 No. 60950-00EMC:■United States – FCC Part 15 Class B■Canada – ICES-003Telecom:■United States – FCC Part 68■Canada – CS-03InternationalSafety Approvals:■Low Voltage (European directive) 73/23■EN60950 (Europe) EMI Compatibility:■89/336/EEC (European directive)■EN55022:1994 CISPR22 Class B■EN300 386 V1.2.1 (non-wireless products)■EN 301-489 (wireless products)Regulatory noticesEuropean Community. This Netopia product conforms to the European Community CE Mark standard for the design and manufacturing of information technology equipment. This standard covers a broad area of product design, including RF emissions and immunity from electrical disturbances.
264The Netopia 3300 Series complies with the following EU directives:■Low Voltage, 73/23/EEC■EMC Compatibility, 89/336/EEC, conforming to EN 55 022Manufacturer’s Declaration of Conformance☛ Warnings:This is a Class B product. In a domestic environment this prod-uct may cause radio interference, in which case the user may be required to take adequate measures. Adequate measures include increasing the physical distance between this product and other electrical devices.Changes or modifications to this unit not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.United States. This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:■Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.■Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.■Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to
265Manufacturer’s Declaration of Conformancewhich the receiver is connected.■Consult the dealer or an experienced radio TV technician for help.Service requirements. In the event of equipment malfunction, all repairs should be performed by our Company or an authorized agent. Under FCC rules, no customer is authorized to repair this equipment. This restriction applies regardless of whether the equipment is in or our of warranty. It is the responsibility of users requiring service to report the need for service to our Company or to one of our authorized agents. Service can be obtained at Netopia, Inc., 6001 Shellmound Street, Emeryville, California, 94608. Telephone: 510-597-5400.☛ ImportantThis product was tested for FCC compliance under conditions that included the use of shielded cables and connectors between system components. Changes or modifications to this product not authorized by the manufacturer could void your authority to operate the equipment.Canada. This Class B digital apparatus meets all requirements of the Canadian Interference -Causing Equipment Regulations.Cet appareil numérique de la classe B respecte toutes les exigences du Réglement sur le matériel brouilleur du Canada.Declaration for Canadian usersNOTICE: The Canadian Industry Canada label identifies certified equipment. This certification means that the equipment meets certain telecommunications network protective, operation, and safety requirements. The Department does not guarantee the equipment will operate to the user’s satisfaction.
266Before installing this equipment, users should ensure that it is permissible to be connected to the facilities of the local telecommunications company. The equipment must also be installed using an acceptable method of connection. In some cases, the company’s inside wiring associated with a single line individual service may be extended by means of a certified connector assembly (telephone extension cord). The customer should be aware that compliance with the above conditions may not prevent degradation of service in some situations.Repairs to the certified equipment should be made by an authorized Canadian maintenance facility designated by the supplier. Any repairs or alterations made by the user to this equipment, or equipment malfunctions, may give the telecommunications company cause to request the user to disconnect the equipment.Users should ensure for their own protection that the electrical ground connections of the power utility, telephone lines, and internal metallic water pipe system, if present, are connected together. This precaution may be particularly important in rural areas.CautionUsers should not attempt to make such connections themselves, but should contact the appropriate electric inspection authority, or electrician, as appropriate.The Ringer Equivalence Number (REN) assigned to each terminal device provides an indication of the maximum number of terminals allowed to be connected to a telephone interface. The termination on an interface may consist of any combination of devices subject only to the requirement that the sum of the Ringer Equivalence Numbers of all the devices does not exceed 5.
267Important Safety InstructionsImportant Safety InstructionsAustralian Safety InformationThe following safety information is provided in conformance with Australian safety requirements:CautionDO NOT USE BEFORE READING THE INSTRUCTIONS: Do not connect the Ethernet ports to a carrier or carriage service provider’s telecommunica-tions network or facility unless: a) you have the written consent of the network or facility manager, or b) the connection is in accordance with a connection permit or connection rules.Connection of the Ethernet ports may cause a hazard or damage to the tele-communication network or facility, or persons, with consequential liability for substantial compensation.Caution■The direct plug-in power supply serves as the main power disconnect; locate the direct plug-in power supply near the product for easy access.■For use only with CSA Certified Class 2 power supply, rated 12VDC, 1.0A.Telecommunication installation cautions■Never install telephone wiring during a lightning storm.■Never install telephone jacks in wet locations unless the jack is specifically designed for wet locations.■Never touch uninsulated telephone wires or terminals unless the telephone line has been disconnected at the network interface.■Use caution when installing or modifying telephone lines.■Avoid using a telephone (other than a cordless type) during an electrical storm. There may be a remote risk of electric shock from lightning.■Do not use the telephone to report a gas leak in the vicinity of the leak.
268FCC Part 68 InformationFCC Requirements1. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has established Rules which permit this device to be directly connected to the telephone network. Standardized jacks are used for these connections. This equipment should not be used on party lines or coin phones.2. If this device is malfunctioning, it may also be causing harm to the telephone network; this device should be disconnected until the source of the problem can be determined and until repair has been made. If this is not done, the telephone company may temporarily disconnect service.3. The telephone company may make changes in its technical operations and procedures; if such changes affect the compatibility or use of this device, the telephone company is required to give adequate notice of the changes. You will be advised of your right to file a complaint with the FCC.4. If the telephone company requests information on what equipment is connected to their lines, inform them of:a. The telephone number to which this unit is connected.b. The ringer equivalence number. [0.XB]c. The USOC jack required. [RJ11C]d. The FCC Registration Number. [XXXUSA-XXXXX-XX-E]Items (b) and (d) are indicated on the label. The Ringer Equivalence Number (REN) is used to determine how many devices can be connected to your telephone line. In most areas, the sum of the REN's of all devices on any one line should not exceed five (5.0). If too many devices are attached, they may not ring properly.FCC Statementsa) This equipment complies with Part 68 of the FCC rules and the requirements adopted by the ACTA. On the bottom of this equipment is a label that contains, among other information, a product identifier in the format US:AAAEQ##TXXXX. If requested, this number must be provided to the telephone company.
269FCC Part 68 Informationb) List all applicable certification jack Universal Service Order Codes (“USOC”) for the equipment: RJ11.c) A plug and jack used to connect this equipment to the premises wiring and telephone network must comply with the applicable FCC Part 68 rules and requirements adopted by the ACTA. A compliant telephone cord and modular plug is provided with this product. It is designed to be connected to a compatible modular jack that is also compliant. See installation instructions for details.d) The REN is used to determine the number of devices that may be connected to a telephone line. Excessive RENs on a telephone line may result in the devices not ringing in response to an incoming call. In most but not all areas, the sum of RENs should not exceed five (5.0). To be certain of the number of devices that may be connected to a line, as determined by the total RENs, contact the local telephone company. For products approved after July 23, 2002, the REN for this product is part of the product identifier that has the format US:AAAEQ##TXXXX. The digits represented by ## are the REN without a decimal point (e.g., 03 is a REN of 0.3). For earlier products, the REN is separately shown on the label.e) If this equipment, the Netopia 3300 Series router, causes harm to the telephone network, the telephone company will notify you in advance that temporary discontinuance of service may be required. But if advance notice isn’t practical, the telephone company will notify the customer as soon as possible. Also, you will be advised of your right to file a complaint with the FCC if you believe it is necessary.f) The telephone company may make changes in its facilities, equipment, operations or procedures that could affect the operation of the equipment. If this happens the telephone company will provide advance notice in order for you to make necessary modifications to maintain uninterrupted service.g) If trouble is experienced with this equipment, the Netopia 3300 Series router, for repair or warranty information, please contact:Netopia Technical Support510-597-5400www.netopia.com.If the equipment is causing harm to the telephone network, the telephone company may request that you disconnect the equipment until the problem is resolved.h) This equipment not intended to be repaired by the end user. In case of any problems, please refer to the troubleshooting section of the Product User Manual before calling Netopia Technical Support.
270i) Connection to party line service is subject to state tariffs. Contact the state public utility commission, public service commission or corporation commission for information.j) If your home has specially wired alarm equipment connected to the telephone line, ensure the installation of this Netopia 3300 Series router does not disable your alarm equipment. If you have questions about what will disable alarm equipment, consult your telephone company or qualified installer.RF Exposure Statement:NOTE: Installation of the wireless models must maintain at least 20 cm between the wireless router and any body part of the user to be in compliance with FCC RF exposure guidelines.Electrical Safety AdvisoryTelephone companies report that electrical surges, typically lightning transients, are very destructive to customer terminal equipment connected to AC power sources. This has been identified as a major nationwide problem. Therefore it is advised that this equipment be connected to AC power through the use of a surge arrestor or similar protection device.
271IndexSymbols!! command 177AAccess the GUI 47Address resolution table 184Administrative restrictions 209Administrator password 47,109, 175Arguments, CLI 192ARPCommand 178, 187Authentication 220Authentication trap 232BBridging 198Broadcast address 203, 206CCLI 171!! command 177Arguments 192Command shortcuts 177Command truncation 191Configuration mode 190Keywords 192Navigating 190Prompt 177, 190Restart command 177SHELL mode 177View command 194CommandARP 178, 187Ping 182Telnet 186Command line interface (seeCLI)Community 232Compression, protocol 218CONFIGCommand List 173Configuration mode 190DDefault IP address 47denial of service 259DHCP 199DHCP lease table 183Diagnostic log 183, 185Level 234Diagnostics 39DNS 201DNS Proxy 38Documentation conventions 13Domain Name System(DNS) 201EEcho request 218Embedded Web Server 39Ethernet address 198Ethernet statistics 183
272FFeature KeysObtaining 142firewall 185FTP 215HHardware address 198hijacking 259Hop count 213How ToConfigure a SafeHarbourVPN 117Configure Multiple Static IPAddresses 117HTTP traffic 222IICMP Echo 182Install 136IP address 203, 205Default 47IP interfaces 185IP routes 185IPSec Tunnel 185KKeywords, CLI 192LLCP echo request 218LinkInstall Software 136Quickstart 56, 58, 72Local Area Network 38Location, SNMP 232Log 185Logging in 175MMagic number 218Memory 186Metric 213NNameserver 201NAT 40, 210, 215Traffic rules 91NAT Default Server 44Netmask 206Network AddressTranslation 40Network Test Tools 39NSLookup 40PPAP 36Password 109Administrator 47, 109, 175User 47, 109, 175Ping 40Ping command 182Pinholes 43, 215Planning 78Port authentication 220Port forwarding 43Port renumbering 222
273PPP 188PPPoE 36Primary nameserver 201Prompt, CLI 177, 190Protocol compression 218Qqos peak-cell-rate 197qos service-class 196RRestart 184Restart command 177Restart timer 219Restrictions 209RIP 204, 206Routing Information Protocol(RIP) 204, 206SSecondary nameserver 201Security log 134Set bncp command 196, 197,198Set bridge commands 198Set dns commands 201Set ip static-routescommands 212Set ppp module port authentica-tion command 220Set preference morecommand 221Set preference verbosecommand 221set security state-insp 229Set servers command 222Set servers telnet-tcpcommand 223Set snmp sysgroup locationcommand 233Set snmp traps authentification-traps ip-address command 232Set system diagnostic-levelcommand 234Set system heartbeatcommand 235Set system name command 233Set system NTP command 236Set system passwordcommand 234set system syslog 236Set wireless optioncommand 239SHELLCommand Shortcuts 177Commands 177Prompt 177SHELL level 190SHELL mode 177Show ppp 188Simple Network ManagementProtocol (SNMP) 232SMTP 215SNMP 94, 215, 232Stateful Inspection 125stateful inspection 185Static route 212Step mode 194Subnet mask 206
274Syslog 101System contact, SNMP 232System diagnostics 234TTelnet 175, 215Telnet command 186Telnet traffic 222TFTP 215TFTP server 180Toolbar 51TraceRoute 40, 167Trap 232Trivial File TransferProtocol 179Truncation 191UUser name 175User password 47, 109, 175Vset atm 196, 197View command 194VPNIPSec Pass Through 44IPSec TunnelTermination 46WWide Area Network 36Wireless 61
Cayman 3300 series by NetopiaNetopia, Inc.6001 Shellmound StreetEmeryville, CA 94608July, 2003

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