Agere Systems Nederland WLPCE24H WaveLAN IEEE PC Card Turbo 11Mb User Manual Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide
Agere Systems Nederland B.V. WaveLAN IEEE PC Card Turbo 11Mb Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide
Outdoor antennae guide
Outdoor Antenna
Installation Guide
;EZI%'')773JJMGI6SYXIV
012706/A November 1999
Copyright © 1999 Lucent Technologies Inc. All Rights Reserved
You can find the latest software & documentation at:
http://www.wavelan.com/support
COV_ODC.fm Page 1 Friday, November 5, 1999 2:24 PM
Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide i
Table of Contents i
WaveLAN Technical Support v
Regulatory Information vi
1 Welcome 1-1
Introducing WaveACCESS Office Router 1-1
■About This Guide 1-1
■Who Should Use This Guide 1-2
■Overview of this Guide 1-3
■Finding Additional Information 1-4
Kit Contents 1-7
■About WaveACCESS Office Router 1-8
■About the WaveACCESS PC Card 1-10
2 Preparing for Installation 2-1
Site Prerequisites 2-1
Overview of the Indoor Installation 2-3
■Selecting the Right WaveACCESS Card 2-4
■Placement of the WavePOINT-II Hardware 2-6
■Placement of the Surge Arrester 2-8
■Antenna Cable Route 2-8
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
ii Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide
Table of Contents
Overview of the Outdoor Installation 2-10
■Antenna Placement 2-11
■Antenna Mast/Wall Bracket 2-14
■Grounding System 2-15
■Lucent Technologies Antenna 2-16
■Antenna Cable Routing 2-19
Before Climbing the Roof... 2-20
3 Determine Range & Clearance 3-1
Introduction 3-1
Determine the Outdoor Range 3-2
■Determine the Maximum Range 3-3
■Determine the Cable Factor 3-8
■Determine the Clearance Factor 3-9
Examples 3-13
■Point-to-Point Links 3-13
■Point-to-MultiPoint Links 3-16
4 Installing the Antenna 4-1
Planning Antenna Installation 4-1
■Safety Precautions 4-2
■Installation Overview 4-5
Mounting the Antenna 4-6
■Mounting the Directional Antenna 4-6
■Mounting the Omni-directional Antenna 4-9
Connecting the Antenna Cable 4-11
■Sealing the Cable Connectors 4-12
Table of Contents
Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide iii
A The Antenna Cabling System A-1
The Outdoor Cabling Components A-1
■Selecting the Correct Connector-Type A-2
WaveACCESS Cable Assembly A-5
WaveACCESS Surge Arrester A-6
Low-Loss Antenna Cable A-8
B 14 dBi Directional Antenna B-1
General Description B-1
■Contents of the Antenna Box B-1
C 7 dBi Omni-Directional Antenna C-1
Hardware Specifications C-1
Index IX-1
List of Figures LOF-1
List of Tables LOT-1
Warranty Repair Card War-1
v Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide
You can find the most recent software and user documentation for all
WaveLAN products on our internet site.
If you encounter problems when installing or using this product, or
would like information about our other WaveLAN products, please
contact your local Authorized WaveLAN Reseller or regional Lucent
Technologies Sales Office. Addresses of Resellers and Sales Offices
can be found on the WaveLAN website.
In case no local or regional support is available, you can reach us at
the addresses or telephone numbers listed below.
When contacting WaveLAN Support, please complete the WaveLAN
Problem Report form and include it with your email or fax. The form
(report.txt) is available on the WaveLAN Software CD-ROM, or you can
go to the Feedback section of the WaveLAN website and fill out the
Problem Report form on-line.
Software and Documentation
World Wide Web http://www.wavelan.com
FTP Server ftp://ftp.wavelan.com/pub
WaveLAN Regional Support
U.S.A/ Canada usasupport@wavelan.com
Caribbean/ Latin America calasupport@wavelan.com
Europe/ Middle-East/ Africa emeasupport@wavelan.com
Asia/ Pacific apasupport@wavelan.com
WaveLAN Global Support
U.S.A/ Canada Voice: +1 800 WAVELAN - 3
Caribbean/ Latin America
WaveLAN Technical Support
Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide vi
To comply with the regulations listed above, you may only use the Lucent Technologies WaveLAN
products, Surge Arrester, Cables and Antennas as described in this document. Each of these
WaveACCESS Office Router Kit components must be installed and used in strict accordance with the
manufacturer’s instructions.
Canada:
The products included with the WaveACCESS Office Router kit for outdoor antenna installations
comply with RSS 139 of Industry and Science Canada.
Europe - EU Declaration of Conformity
Lucent Technologies declares that the WaveLAN products included with the WaveACCESS Office
Router kit conform to the specifications listed below, following the provisions of the EMC Directive 89/
336/EEC:
■EMC ETS 300-826 General EMC requirements for Radio equipment.
■Radio ETS 300-328 Technical requirements for Radio equipment.
USA - Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
The devices included with this WaveACCESS Office Router kit comply with Part 15 of FCC Rules.
Operation of the devices in a WaveACCESS Office Router system is subject to the following two
conditions:
■This device may not cause harmful interference.
■This device must accept any interference that may cause undesired operation.
Interference Statement
This equipment has been tested and found out to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device,
pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection
against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can
radiate radio frequency energy. If not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, it may
cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference
will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or
television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is
encouraged to try and correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:
■Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
■Increase the distance between the equipment and the receiver.
■Connect the equipment to an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is
connected.
■Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
Exposure to Radio Frequency radiation.
Antennas shall be mounted in such a manner to minimize the potential for human contact during
normal operation. In order to avoid the possibillity of exceeding the FCC radio frequency exposure
limits, human proximity to the antenna shall not be less than 20cm (8 inches) during normal operation.
Regulatory Information
Regulatory Information
Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide vii
Information to the user
When connecting WaveLAN devices to other equipment than the Lucent Technologies WaveACCESS
Office Router equipment described in this document, the antenna installation may no longer comply
with the regulations as defined above. In that case it will be the responsibility of the user to ensure that
the entire antenna installation complies with local radio regulations.
■Consult the user documentation that came with the other equipment to determine whether
additional instructions or regulations apply.
■Verify that the antenna installer is aware of these regulations.
In case the device does cause harmful interference with an authorized radio service, the user/
operator shall promptly stop operating the device until harmful interference has been eliminated.
Disclaimer
Lucent Technologies is not responsible for any radio or television interference caused by unauthorized
modification of the devices included with the WaveACCESS Office Router kit, or the substitution or
attachment of connecting cables and equipment other than specified by Lucent Technologies.
The correction of interference caused by such unauthorized modification, substitution or attachment
will be the responsibility of the user.
Contents
1
Welcome
Introducing WaveACCESS Office Router 1-1
About This Guide 1-1
Who Should Use This Guide 1-2
Overview of this Guide 1-3
Finding Additional Information 1-4
■Installing WavePOINT-II Hardware 1-4
■Configuration and Management 1-4
■Context-Sensitive Help 1-5
■Hardware Specifications 1-5
■Additional files on your Software CD-ROM 1-6
■Other Sources of Information 1-6
Kit Contents 1-7
About WaveACCESS Office Router 1-8
■WaveACCESS Remote Office Router 1-8
■WaveACCESS Central Office Router 1-9
■Upgrading WaveACCESS Office Router 1-10
About the WaveACCESS PC Card 1-10
Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide 1-1
1
Welcome
Introducing WaveACCESS Office Router 1
Welcome to WaveACCESS Office Router, the easy way to wireless
computing. Building your own wireless campus has never been
easier.
The WaveACCESS Office Router family consists of various
dedicated WaveACCESS Office Router kits, that enable you to
setup the wireless outdoor antenna link of your choice to connect
multiple buildings or LANs.
About This Guide 1
This Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide explains how to install
and set-up an outdoor antenna installation based on
WaveACCESS/IEEE Turbo 11 Mb PC Cards that will be used in
combination with:
■WaveACCESS Office Router products1
■WaveACCESS Internet Client products
There is also a chapter about verifying the wireless link quality and
correcting problems that might arise during installation or
operation.
1 Formerly also referred to as WavePOINT-II PTP Bridge, WaveACCESS Link WP-II.
Introducing WaveACCESS Office Router
1-2 Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide
This document does not describe the special antennas for
WaveACCESS LINK BR132, SM1042 or WaveACCESS NET CU,
MDU and SDU products.
Although you can use this document as a general reference guide
for outdoor antenna placement, you are advised to consult the
documentation that came with the dedicated antennas for these
products for specific antenna characteristics, regulatory information
and installation instructions.
Neither does this guide explain how to erect antenna masts, or
how to install a safety grounding system. These are pre-requisites
that must be in place before the directional antenna is installed.
Who Should Use This Guide 1
The installation of Outdoor Antenna Links requires technical
expertise. At the very least, you should be able to:
■Install and configure the network components, such as the
WavePOINT-II access point and the WaveACCESS
administrator (WaveMANAGER) station.
■Understand or have a working knowledge of the installation
procedures for network operating systems under Microsoft
Windows 95/98 and/or Microsoft Windows NT.
■Mount the outdoor antenna and surge arrester. Lucent
Technologies recommends that the installation is performed by
a qualified antenna installation service.
!DANGER:
The WaveACCESS Office Router outdoor antennas are
intended for mounting on a roof, or the side of a building.
Installation shall not be attempted by someone who is not
trained or experienced in this type of work.
The antenna has to be installed by a suitably trained
professional installation technician or a qualified antenna
Introducing WaveACCESS Office Router
Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide 1-3
installation service. The site pre-requisites have to be
checked by a person familiar with the national electrical
code, and other regulations governing this type of
installation.
Overview of this Guide 1
This User’s Guide describes how to extend a Local Area Network
(LAN) system with an outdoor antenna link. In this manual you will
find information that you will need to prepare or verify the antenna
installation.
Chapter 1 “Welcome” (This Chapter) 1
Introduces the Outdoor Kit and describes where you can find the
information you need to set up a wireless system.
Chapter 2 “Preparing for Installation” 1
Describes the requirements that a site must meet before you start
installing the equipment.
Chapter 3 “Determine Range & Clearance” 1
Describes the how to calculate the typical and/or maximum
distance that you can achieve using WaveACCESS Office Router
products.
Chapter 4 “Installing the Antenna” 1
Describes how to mount the Lucent Technologies antennas to a
mast or wall, and how to connect the antenna to the cable and
Surge Arrester.
Introducing WaveACCESS Office Router
1-4 Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide
Appendix A “The Antenna Cabling System” 1
Describes the hardware specifications of the certified
WaveACCESS Cable Assembly, Surge Arrester and Low-loss
Antenna Cable that you will need to connect the WavePOINT-II
hardware or other computing device to an outdoor antenna
installation.
Appendix B “14 dBi Directional Antenna” 1
Describes the hardware specifications of this antenna that you can
use to set up long-distance point-to-point antenna links.
Appendix C “7 dBi Omni-Directional Antenna” 1
Describes the hardware specifications of this antenna that you can
use to set up wide-range antenna links.
Finding Additional Information 1
Installing WavePOINT-II Hardware 1
WaveACCESS outdoor antenna installations are typically
connected to WavePOINT-II devices. The hardware installation of
these devices is described in the WavePOINT-II Quick Installation
Guide that is included with each WavePOINT-II unit.
Configuration and Management 1
The configuration and management of outdoor antenna links is
controlled via the WaveMANAGER/OR (Office Router) program; an
MS-Windows based application that can be installed on almost any
computer running Windows 95, 98 or Windows NT (v4.0).
How to install this program is described in the WavePOINT-II Quick
Installation Guide that is included with each WavePOINT-II unit.
Introducing WaveACCESS Office Router
Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide 1-5
How to use this program is described in:
■The Context-Sensitive Help described on page 1-5.
■The WaveMANAGER/OR User’s Guide provided on the
software CD-ROM that came with the WavePOINT-II device
(inserted inside the back-side cover of the WavePOINT-II Quick
Installation Guide).
The WaveMANAGER/OR User’s Guide also describes how to
monitor the performance of your wireless network, and
provides hints and scenarios for troubleshooting performance
degradation.
To view and/or print this document, you will need to install the
Adobe Acrobat Reader provided on the software CD-ROM.
Context-Sensitive Help 1
Context-sensitive help for the WaveMANAGER/OR program is
available by clicking the “Help” button on the screen or pressing the
function key.
Hardware Specifications 1
■WavePOINT-II hardware specifications are described in the
“WavePOINT-II Quick Installation Guide” that is shipped with
each WavePOINT-II device.
■Radio Frequency specifications of the WavePOINT-II are
described in the Quick Installation Guide of the WaveACCESS/
IEEE Turbo 11 Mb PC Card.
■Hardware specifications for the outdoor antennas, the cabling
system and the WaveACCESS Surge Arrester are listed in the
Appendix of this “Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide”.
F1
Introducing WaveACCESS Office Router
1-6 Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide
Additional files on your Software CD-ROM 1
All software CD-ROM (or diskettes) that come with your
WaveACCESS products, include a file called “readme.txt”. This file
contains information about the software version and/or drivers on
the diskette.
You are advised to print and read the “readme.txt” file prior to
installing your WaveACCESS products, as it may contain additional
information that was not available when this document was printed.
Other Sources of Information 1
All documentation listed above can be downloaded from the
WaveLAN/WaveACCESS website at: HTTP://WWW.WAVELAN.COM.
You are advised to visit the website at regular intervals for the latest
available information, documentation and software updates and
other WaveACCESS news.
Kit Contents
Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide 1-7
Kit Contents 1
The WaveACCESS Office Router Starter Kit contains the following
items:
■One WavePOINT-II device, loaded with the dedicated
WaveACCESS Office Router router software (see page 1-8).
■One WaveACCESS/IEEE Turbo 11 Mb PC Card (see page
1-10).
■One Cable Assembly (described in Appendix A).
■One WaveACCESS Surge Arrester (described in Appendix A).
■One External Antenna for Outdoor use.
The External Antenna may either be:
■14 dBi directional Yagi antenna (described in Appendix B).
■7 dBi omni-directional antenna (described in Appendix C).
Each of the items is shipped in dedicated boxes to avoid damage
during shipment.
Together with this kit you should have received a Lucent Low-loss
antenna cable (a separately ordered item) which can either be a:
■6 m (20 ft.) cable
■15 m (50 ft.) cable
■22 m (75 ft.) cable
If any of these items is missing, please contact your authorized
WaveLAN/WaveACCESS Reseller or Distributor. You can find the
addresses on the WaveLAN/WaveACCESS website at
http://www.wavelan.com.
Kit Contents
1-8 Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide
About WaveACCESS Office Router 1
The WaveACCESS Office Router is based on a standard
WavePOINT-II device that has been loaded with dedicated
software to enable you to setup a wireless system that supports:
■WaveACCESS Remote Office Router functionality, or
■WaveACCESS Central Office Router functionality.
WaveACCESS Remote Office Router 1
With two WaveACCESS Remote Office Router kits, it’s easy to
setup a wireless Point-to-Point link as pictured in Figure 1-1 below.
Figure 1-1 Wireless Point-to-Point Link
The Point-to-Point (PTP) Link functionality enables you to setup a
connection between two locations as an alternative to:
■Leased lines in building-to-building connections, or
■Wired Ethernet backbones between WavePOINT-II access
points in ‘hard-to-wire’ environments.
Kit Contents
Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide 1-9
WaveACCESS Central Office Router 1
If you wish to connect more than two buildings, you can choose to:
■Setup multiple Point-to-Point links, using multiple pairs of
WaveACCESS Remote Office Router systems, or
■Setup a single Point-to-Multipoint system using the Central
Office Router as pictured in Figure 1-2 below.
Figure 1-2 WaveCAMPUS Point-to-Multipoint Link
Looking at Figure 1-2 the system is designed as follows:
■The central building c is equipped with a WaveACCESS
Central Office Router, connected to an omni-directional
antenna.
■The two remote buildings a and b have both been equipped
with WaveACCESS Remote Office Router that is connected to
a directional yagi antenna.
Kit Contents
1-10 Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide
Upgrading WaveACCESS Office Router 1
If you wish to extend the features of previously purchased
hardware you can purchase dedicated Software License Kits to
upgrade:
■WavePOINT-II Access Points into one of the WaveACCESS
Office Router Routers described on the previous pages.
■Extend the features of a previously purchased WaveACCESS
Office Router Routers.
For more information about the software license upgrade program,
please consult:
■Your authorized WaveLAN/WaveACCESS Reseller or local
Lucent Technologies Sales office for more information.
■The WaveLAN/WaveACCESS website at:
HTTP://WWW.WAVELAN.COM
About the WaveACCESS PC Card 1
The WaveACCESS PC Card shipped with the WaveACCESS
Office Router Starter kit can be used in any computing device that
supports a PC Card Type II slot including the WavePOINT-II bridge.
Kit Contents
Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide 1-11
■In FCC regulated countries2, all WaveACCESS Office Router
kits will include the standard black-colored WaveACCESS/
IEEE Turbo 11 Mb PC Card.
■In ETSI regulated countries3, France & Japan, the type of
WaveACCESS/IEEE Turbo 11 Mb PC Card will be related to
the type of antenna:
■WaveACCESS Office Router kits that include a 7 dBi omni-
directional antenna, will be shipped with the standard
black-colored WaveACCESS/IEEE Turbo 11 Mb PC Card.
■WaveACCESS Office Router kits that include the 14 dBi
directional antenna, will be shipped with the red-colored
‘Fixed Wireless System Card’.
!CAUTION:
When installing an outdoor antenna installation in Europe
and/or Japan you must always use the red-colored ‘Fixed
Wireless PC Card’ to connect the Lucent Technologies 14
dBi directional antenna to a host device.
Failing to comply with these guidelines may be in violation
of the local radio regulations and be subject to fines and/or
prosecution.
It is the responsibility of the end-user to ensure that the
antenna installer is aware of these regulations, and that
the correct type of card is used to connect a host device to
the outdoor antenna installation.
Lucent Technologies and its resellers or distributors are
not liable for violation of government regulations that may
arise from failing to comply with these guidelines.
2 Radio regulations as defined by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
apply in the USA, Canada and most countries in Latin America.
3 Radio regulations as defined by the European Telecommunications Standards
Institute (ETSI). WaveACCESS PC Cards sold in these countries are identified by
the channel-set ETS, FR or JP (printed on the back-side label of the WaveACCESS
PC Card).
Contents
2
Preparing for Installation
Site Prerequisites 2-1
Overview of the Indoor Installation 2-3
Selecting the Right WaveACCESS Card 2-4
Placement of the WavePOINT-II Hardware 2-6
Placement of the Surge Arrester 2-8
Antenna Cable Route 2-8
Overview of the Outdoor Installation 2-10
Antenna Placement 2-11
Antenna Mast/Wall Bracket 2-14
■Tripod Mount 2-14
■Wall (Side) Mount 2-14
■Antenna Mast Requirements 2-15
Grounding System 2-15
Lucent Technologies Antenna 2-16
■Antenna Alignment 2-17
■Antenna Polarization 2-18
Antenna Cable Routing 2-19
Before Climbing the Roof... 2-20
Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide 2-1
2
Preparing for Installation
Site Prerequisites 2
Please review all requirements outlined within the sections listed
below before starting the installation procedure:
■Overview of the Indoor Installation
■Overview of the Outdoor Installation
■Verify Before Climbing the Roof...
Prior to climbing on the roof or any other area where you intend to
install the outdoor antenna, you are advised to:
■Verify you have arranged all safety measures for outdoor/
rooftop installation.
■Verify you have all equipment and tools required to install the
outdoor antennas.
■Install and verify proper operation of the equipment.
!WARNING:
Carefully plan the day for your antenna installation. Do not
install the antenna in wet or windy conditions, during a
thunderstorm, or when the area where the equipment will
be installed is covered with ice and/or snow.
Site Prerequisites
2-2 Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide
!DANGER:
The WaveACCESS Office Router outdoor antennas are
intended for mounting on a roof, or the side of a building.
Installation shall not be attempted by someone who is not
trained or experienced in this type of work.
The antenna has to be installed by a suitably trained
professional installation technician or a qualified antenna
installation service. The site pre-requisites have to be
checked by a person familiar with the national electrical
code, and other regulations governing this type of
installation.
Overview of the Indoor Installation
Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide 2-3
Overview of the Indoor Installation 2
To setup a point-to-point wireless connection, you will need:
■Two WaveACCESS Office Router Kits, and
■Two Low-loss antenna cables.
Figure 2-1 shows an overview of the hardware setup for the indoor
installation.
Figure 2-1 Overview Indoor Installation
On each end of the wireless link you will need:
A. A WaveACCESS IEEE adapter card (see “Selecting the Right
WaveACCESS Card” on page 2-4).
B. A WavePOINT-II device that has been loaded with
WaveACCESS Office Router Router software.
C. The Cable Assembly to connect the WaveACCESS IEEE
adapter card (A) to the Surge Arrester.
D. A surge arrester to protect your sensitive WaveACCESS
equipment from static discharge and transients that may occur
to your antenna.
E. A low-loss antenna cable to connect the indoor installation to
the outdoor antenna.
Overview of the Indoor Installation
2-4 Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide
!WARNING:
The WaveACCESS Office Router, the WaveACCESS
Surge Arrester and the antenna mast must be connected
to the same grounding system as described in
“Grounding System” on page 2-15.
Selecting the Right WaveACCESS Card 2
Wireless communications are usually subject to local radio
regulations, where additional regulations may apply to outdoor
antenna communications.
To comply with such regulations, Lucent Technologies offers two
types of WaveACCESS Cards, that can be used to connect a
WavePOINT-II or other computing device to an outdoor antenna
installation:
■In countries that adhere to the FCC regulations1, you can use
the standard black-colored WaveACCESS IEEE 802.11 card.
■In countries that adhere to the ETSI regulations2, France and
Japan, you must select the card-type based upon the antenna
that will be used:
■You can use the black-colored WaveACCESS IEEE 802.11
card when connecting the device to standard Lucent 7 dBi
omni-directional antennas.
■You
must
use the red-colored IEEE Fixed Wireless PC
Card when connecting the device to the standard Lucent
14 dBi directional antenna for outdoor use.
When you order a WaveACCESS Office Router kit for outdoor
antenna installations, the kit marketed in your country will include
1 As defined by the US Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
2 As defined by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute
(ETSI)
Overview of the Indoor Installation
Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide 2-5
the correct card type that complies with the regulations that apply
in your country.
When you order the WaveACCESS outdoor antenna equipment as
separate components, make sure that you order the correct
product items. In case you are not certain about the regulations
that apply in your country, consult your local Lucent Technologies
Sales Office.
!WARNING:
At all times, it will be the responsibility of the end-user to
ensure that an outdoor antenna installation complies with
local radio regulations. The end-user must verify that:
■
The antenna installer is aware of these regulations.
■
The correct type of WaveACCESS card is used to
connect the host device to the outdoor antenna
installation.
■
The correct type of cables and surge arrester have
been used, according to the instructions described in
this document.
Lucent Technologies and its resellers or distributors are
not liable for any damage or violation of government
regulations that may arise from failing to comply with these
guidelines.
Overview of the Indoor Installation
2-6 Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide
Placement of the WavePOINT-II Hardware 2
The WavePOINT-II hardware of your WaveACCESS Office Router
device is designed for indoor mounting and operation. The ideal
location to install your WavePOINT-II unit must satisfy the following
requirements:
■The location provides a connection to a grounding type AC
wall outlet (100-240 VAC), using the standard power cord as
supplied with the unit.
The ground of the AC wall outlet must be connected to the
same grounding system as the WaveACCESS Surge Arrester
and antenna mast (see “Grounding System” on page 2-15).
■The location must allow for easily disconnecting the
WavePOINT-II unit from the AC wall outlet.
■The location provides a connection to the network backbone
that may either be:
■An Ethernet LAN cable that connects it to a hub, bridge or
directly into a patch panel
■A WaveACCESS wireless connection via a second
WaveACCESS card that is inserted into the other PC Card
slot of the WavePOINT-II device.
■The location is as close as possible to the point where the
antenna cable will enter the building (see also “Placement of
the Surge Arrester” on page 2-8).
!CAUTION:
The WaveACCESS Office Router is designed for indoor
installations. At all times the location of the WavePOINT-II
unit must be indoors, to protect the unit from extreme
weather conditions, excessive heat and humidity and to
keep the unit free from vibration and dust.
Overview of the Indoor Installation
Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide 2-7
Prior to mounting the WavePOINT-II unit you are advised to,
carefully calculate:
■The distance between the intended location of your
WavePOINT-II unit and the location of the antenna mast, and
■The height of the antenna on the mast.
If the low-loss antenna cable that came with your kit is not long
enough to cover this distance you can select from the following two
options:
■Select another cable length from the Lucent Technologies low-
loss cable offering (see Appendix A ”The Antenna Cabling
System”), or
■Select another location that satisfies the requirements listed on
the previous page to mount your WavePOINT-II device.
As the length of the antenna cable may affect the actual range of
your outdoor antenna installation, the second one is the preferred
option.
!WARNING:
You are not allowed to change the length of the Lucent
Technologies low-loss antenna cable. Shortening the cable
will void the Lucent Technologies Warranty, and may
conflict with radio certifications and/or approvals.
How to install the WavePOINT-II hardware is described in the
“WavePOINT-II Quick Installation Guide” that was shipped with the
WavePOINT-II device.
Overview of the Indoor Installation
2-8 Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide
Placement of the Surge Arrester 2
The WaveACCESS Surge Arrester is an indispensable part of your
outdoor antenna installation, to protect your sensitive electronic
equipment from transients or electro-static discharges at the
antenna.
For optimal protection the WaveACCESS Surge Arrester must be
installed at a location that satisfies the following requirements:
■A location as close to the location where the antenna cable will
enter the building (see also “Placement of the WavePOINT-II
Hardware” on page 2-6).
■The location allows for easily (dis-)connecting the surge
arrester from/to the WaveACCESS adapter card in the
WaveACCESS Office Router using the Cables Assembly
pictured in Figure 2-1 on page 2-3.
■The location provides a connection to the same grounding
system as the WavePOINT-II unit and the outdoor antenna
mast as described in “Grounding System” on page 2-15.
Antenna Cable Route 2
The antenna cable must be connected to the WavePOINT-II unit
via the WaveACCESS Surge Arrester and Cable Assembly as
pictured in Figure 2-1 on page 2-3. To plan the route of the antenna
cable please consider the following:
■Does the cable route require drilling through a wall or ceiling?
■Do you have a building plan of the desired location showing
any other existing cabling routes like electricity, telephone or
networking?
■Does the type of building materials require special tools for
drilling purposes?
Overview of the Indoor Installation
Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide 2-9
The cable should not be installed into “tight” positions, as bending
or applying excessive force to the connectors may damage the
antenna cable. Always allow the cable to bend naturally around
corners. The recommended bend radius is 25 mm (1 in.).
The antenna cable must be secured along its complete length. No
part of the antenna cable should be allowed to hang free. This is
particularly important for cable parts that are installed outdoors.
!CAUTION:
The antenna cable and cable connectors are not designed
to withstand excessive force:
a. Do not use the connectors as “cable grips” to pull
cable through raceway or conduit.
b. Do not use the cable connector to support the weight
of the cable during or after installation.
c. Do not use any appliances to tighten the connectors.
d. Always seal the connectors using the water-proofing
tape that is included with your Outdoor Kit.
Prior to sealing the outdoor connectors and permanently securing
the cable to the wall using cable ties and wall hooks, you may wish
to verify if the installation and all components function properly.
Overview of the Outdoor Installation
2-10 Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide
Overview of the Outdoor Installation 2
The outdoor installation of the link (point-to-point or point-to-
multipoint) will consist of the following components:
■The Lucent Technologies Antenna
■The Lucent Technologies proprietary low-loss antenna cable
(available in different cable lengths).
■Antenna Mast/Wall Bracket for the antenna
(not included with kit).
■An adequate Grounding System that meets the requirements
described on page 2-15.
NOTE:
All outdoor cable connectors must be sealed with the
enclosed weather-proofing stretch tape to permanently
waterproof the coax connectors.
!DANGER:
For your own safety, the antenna mast and the grounding
system should be installed only by experienced installation
professionals who are familiar with local building and
safety codes and/or the national electrical codes.
Carefully read the instructions as described for the
“Grounding System” on page 2-15 and verify that your
installation complies with the appropriate regulations and
codes before installing the antenna.
Overview of the Outdoor Installation
Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide 2-11
Antenna Placement 2
To achieve maximum performance for your wireless outdoor
connection, the WaveACCESS Outdoor Antennas must have clear
line-of-sight. Line-of-sight can be defined as:
■No obstacles in the direct path between the two antennas.
■No obstacles within a defined zone around the antenna beam.
You need to be aware that the shape of a radio beam is not straight
and narrow like a laser beam. The radio beam, also referred to as
Fresnel Zone3, is rather “bulged” in the middle, like for example a
“rugby ball”. The exact shape and width of the Fresnel Zone is
determined by the path length and frequency of the radio signal.
If any significant part of this zone is obstructed, a portion of the
radio energy will be lost, resulting in reduced performance.
Reduced performance may also occur when obstacles that are
close to the antenna beam cause signal reflections or noise that
interfere with the radio signal.
Figure 2-2 shows some typical examples of obstacles that you
must avoid for the Directional Antenna to operate effectively:
A. Neighboring Buildings
B. Trees or other obstructions
C. Power lines
To allow optimal performance you will need to ensure that the type
and placement of the antennas leaves sufficient clearance of the
Fresnel Zone at the maximum width of the bulge, typically at the
mid-point between the antennas. For more information turn to
Chapter 3 ”Determine Range & Clearance”.
3Pronounced as “Fray-Nell”
Overview of the Outdoor Installation
2-12 Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide
Figure 2-2 Potential Obstacles for a Directional Antenna
To minimize the influence of obstacles, signal interference or
reflections please note the following guidelines:
■Mount the antenna as high as possible above the “ground” to
allow maximum clearance:
■In open areas “ground” is the actual surface of the earth
■In dense urban areas “ground” is to be interpreted as the
height of the highest obstacle in the signal path between
the two antenna sites.
■Avoid trees in the signal path to avoid interference or signal
absorption due to dynamic changes in seasons (leaves/ice).
■Install the antenna at least 2 m (6 ft) away from all other
antennas.
Other situations where reflections of the radio signal may cause
interference are environments where large reflecting surfaces exist
in parallel or partly perpendicular to the antenna beam.
Overview of the Outdoor Installation
Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide 2-13
Environments with large reflective surfaces include:
■Mirrored-glass buildings
■Crowded parking lots
■Water or moist earth and moist vegetation
■Above ground power/telephone lines
Weather conditions such as rain or snow usually will not have
much impact on the performance of your WaveACCESS Outdoor
System, provided that you sealed all cable connectors using the
weather-proofing tape.
Seasonal factors that could have an effect on signal propagation
may occur in the following situations:
■A marginal communications quality in late fall (with no leaves
on trees in the signal path) might fail in the summer.
■In winter, an antenna link may fail when the antenna is
exposed to ice buildup, or when the antenna elements are
covered with snow.
In these cases consult your supplier to take appropriate steps to
maintain or optimize wireless performance.
Overview of the Outdoor Installation
2-14 Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide
Antenna Mast/Wall Bracket 2
Basically there are two ways to erect an antenna mast:
■Tripod Mount
■Wall (Side) Mount
Tripod Mount 2
The tripod mount is used primarily on peaked and flat roofs. The
antenna mast must be secured to the roof using 3 or 4 guy wires
that are equally spaced around the mast. When the height of the
antenna mast is more than 3 meters (10 ft), you are advised to use
at least three guy wires for each 3 meter (10 ft) section of the mast.
Wall (Side) Mount 2
A wall (side) mount allows for mounting an antenna (mast) on the
side of a building or on the side of an elevator penthouse. This will
provide a convenient mounting location when the roof overhang is
not excessive and/or the location is high enough to provide a clear
line of sight.
■When you are installing the 14 dBi Directional Antenna, you
can mount the antenna directly to the wall, if the mounting
location allows you to aim the antenna to the opposite end of
the antenna link.
■When you are installing the 7 dBi omni-directional antenna,
you will need to mount a special antenna mast using dedicated
wall brackets for the mast.
Overview of the Outdoor Installation
Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide 2-15
Antenna Mast Requirements 2
To accommodate the WaveACCESS antennas, the antenna mast
must satisfy the following requirements:
a. The construction of the mast must be of a sturdy, weatherproof
and non-corrosive material like for example galvanized or
stainless steel construction pipe.
b. Diameter of the mast should be between 29 mm (1.125 in.)
and 41 mm (1.625 in.).
c. The height of the antenna mast must be sufficient to allow the
antenna to be installed at least 1.5 m (5 ft.) above the peak of
roof. If the roof is metal, then the height of the antenna should
be a minimum of 3 m (10 ft) above the roof (see also Chapter 3
”Determine Range & Clearance”).
d. The mast or wall-bracket must be free from any substance that
may prevent a good electrical connection with the antenna; for
example, paint.
Grounding System 2
Direct grounding of the antenna mast, WaveACCESS Office
Router bridge and WaveACCESS Surge Arrester is very important.
A safety grounding system is necessary to protect your
WaveACCESS Outdoor installation from lightning strikes and the
build-up of static electricity.
!WARNING:
The antenna mast, WaveACCESS Office Router and
WaveACCESS Surge Arrester must be connected to the
same ground, using an equipotential bonding conductor.
A good electrical connection should be made to one or
more ground rods, using at least a 10AWG ground wire
and non-corrosive hardware. The grounding system must
Overview of the Outdoor Installation
2-16 Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide
comply with the National Electrical Code and safety
standards that apply in your country. Always check with a
qualified electrician if you are in doubt as to whether your
WaveACCESS Outdoor installation is properly grounded.
Lucent Technologies Antenna 2
The Spread Spectrum Technology of the WaveACCESS radio
requires high gain antennas.
■The 14 dBi Directional Antenna is a Yagi antenna that has
been designed to provide a maximum gain for your outdoor
solution while still allowing for ease of use and installation of
your outdoor equipment.
■The 7 dBi Omni-Directional Antenna is a pole-type antenna
that has been designed to provide a wide range radio beam to
allow easy alignment of antennas.
Another antenna type for outdoor usage is the Lucent
Technologies 5 dBi Vehicle Mount Antenna. This omni-directional
antenna is typically used for mobile wireless clients such as fork-lift
trucks.
Together with the high sensitivity of the WaveACCESS radios,
these antennas provide the best solution to cover high-speed
wireless point-to-point and point-to-multipoint links (see also
Chapter 3 ”Determine Range & Clearance”).
!WARNING:
You are not allowed to connect WaveACCESS devices to
any other outdoor antenna than the Lucent Technologies
antennas described above. Using different antennas may:
■
Void Warranty for your WaveACCESS products.
■
Be in violation of local radio regulations.
Overview of the Outdoor Installation
Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide 2-17
It will be the responsibility of the end-user to ensure that
an outdoor antenna installation complies with local radio
regulations. Lucent Technologies is not liable for any
damage or violation of government regulations that may
arise from failing to comply with these guidelines.
Antenna Alignment 2
For optimal performance of your wireless link, make sure that the
antennas are properly aligned (facing one another “eye-to-eye”). To
align the antennas:
■Use a pair of binoculars and/or a map of the area and
compass to point the antennas to one another.
■Use the Wireless Link Test option of the WaveMANAGER/OR
tool as described in the WaveMANAGER/OR User’s Guide to
analyze the radio link quality.
The Wireless Link Test option will enable you to display the
strength of the WaveACCESS radio signal related to the noise
that may be appear in the signal path.
Looking at the Wireless Link Test screen, you can interactively
optimize antenna alignment if required, by making small
modifications in the antenna orientation.
■Alternatively, consult a professional Antenna Installation
Service to optimize the antenna alignment.
Omni-directional antennas are characterized by a wide radiation
pattern. Therefore alignment of this type of antennas is less critical
than for directional antennas.
Overview of the Outdoor Installation
2-18 Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide
Figure 2-3 WaveMANAGER/OR Wireless Link Test
Antenna Polarization 2
The standard mounting method for Lucent outdoor antennas is
designed for vertical polarization.
In some cases you might consider mounting the antenna for
horizontal polarization. For example to minimize the influence of
cross-talk between antennas when:
■You plan to mount multiple directional antennas to the same
mast.
■Your wireless link “crosses” another radio beam from a
neighboring installation.
Mounting for horizontal polarization is only supported by the
Lucent 14 dBi Directional Antenna.
■For vertical polarization, the arrow on the protective casing of
the 14 dBi Directional Antenna must be pointing upwards.
Overview of the Outdoor Installation
Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide 2-19
■For horizontal polarization, the arrow on the protective casing
of the 14 dBi Directional Antenna must be pointing left or right.
It does not matter what type of polarization you choose, as long as
the antennas at both ends of the communications link have been
mounted in the same polarity.
NOTE:
When mounting antennas using different polarization
options, always verify that the polarization on both ends of
the dedicated links are the same.
Antenna Cable Routing 2
The antenna cable must be routed and fixed in such a way to clear
the passage area for installation technicians.
All connectors that are located outdoors, must have a
weatherproof seal. You are advised to seal connectors
only after
you have completed final radio tests.
Before Climbing the Roof...
2-20 Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide
Before Climbing the Roof... 2
Please consult Chapter 3 ”Determine Range & Clearance” to verify
whether you have the correct type of antennas and sufficient
clearance in the signal path to cover the distance between the two
sites that you wish to connect via the wireless link.
Before you start installation, also check the contents of your
outdoor kit. If there are signs of shipment damage, or if any of the
items are missing, please inform your supplier.
Use the following list of items to identify the WaveACCESS
Outdoor Kit components and check that you have all the items
required:
1. WavePOINT-II device loaded with WaveACCESS Office Router
software.
2. WaveACCESS adapter card.
3. WaveACCESS Cable Assembly (to connect item 2 to item 4).
4. WaveACCESS Surge Arrester.
5. Lucent Technologies low-loss antenna cable (see Note below).
6. WaveACCESS Outdoor Antenna
Depending on the kit you ordered this could be either the:
■14 dBi Directional Antenna.
■7 dBi Omni-Directional Antenna.
7. Weather-proofing electrical tape.
8. This Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide (this document).
NOTE:
Not included in the box, but shipped together with your
WaveACCESS Office Router kit, you should have received
a low-loss antenna cable. Depending on your order, you
would have received either a 6 m (20 ft.), 15 m (50 ft.) or a
22 m (75 ft.) cable. Consult Appendix A ”The Antenna
Cabling System” for more detailed information.
Contents
3
Determine Range & Clearance
Introduction 3-1
Determine the Outdoor Range 3-2
Determine the Maximum Range 3-3
■Type of Outdoor Antenna Equipment 3-4
■Data Speed of the Wireless Link 3-7
Determine the Cable Factor 3-8
Determine the Clearance Factor 3-9
Examples 3-13
Point-to-Point Links 3-13
■Calculate the Clearance effect on Range 3-14
■Calculate the Cable effect on Range 3-15
Point-to-MultiPoint Links 3-16
Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide 3-1
3
Determine Range & Clearance
Introduction 3
When you read about wireless outdoor products, you will often
encounter the terms “output power” of the radio and “gain” of the
antenna equipment as measures for the “strength” of the
transmitted signal.
■Output Power of radio equipment is often subject to maximum
limits as defined by local radio regulations. Consequently
Output Power is not by definition the way to enhance wireless
performance.
■High gain antennas are larger in size than low gain antennas,
and are characterized by a narrow “focus” of the radio beam.
These two characteristics make it more difficult to aim the
antennas, and/or adjust antenna alignment to optimize the
performance of the wireless point-to-point link.
The Lucent Technologies outdoor solution is based upon the
following principles:
■An output power and antenna gain that comply with the
maximum limits as defined by local governing bodies
concerning radio transmissions.
■Enhanced radio sensitivity for optimal receive quality of
WaveLAN radio signals transmitted by remote antennas.
In other words: instead of having transmitting radios “scream out
louder”, Lucent Technologies WaveLAN devices are designed with
“better ears” to listen more carefully.
Determine the Outdoor Range
3-2 Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide
Determine the Outdoor Range 3
The range of your outdoor antenna installation is closely related to
a number of different factors. To allow you to determine the range
of the WaveACCESS Office Router antenna system in your
situation, we have defined the formula listed below:
Range = Maximum Range x Cable Factor x Clearance Factor
■Maximum Range identifies the theoretical maximum that could
be achieved under optimal circumstances using the available
WaveLAN Outdoor products according to their specs and in
compliance with local radio regulations.
This value can be read from Table 3-1 or Table 3-2, according
to the country where the antenna system will be installed.
■Cable Factor identifies a corrective percentage value that
compensates additional cable loss in case you are using
different cable lengths. The Cable Factor value can be read
from Figure 3-1 on page 3-9.
■Clearance Factor identifies a corrective percentage value that
should be applied in case the signal path of your wireless link
does not provide the minimum clearance listed in the
Maximum Range table. The Clearance Factor can be read
from Figure 3-3 on page 3-12.
An example on how to use this formula is described on page 3-13.
!CAUTION:
This formula should only be used as a rule of thumb to
asses the possible range that could be achieved in your
situation, and/or to select the type and height of the
antenna installations. Always perform on-site
measurements to validate the results from the range
calculation. To perform such measurements you can use
the WaveMANAGER/OR Wireless Link test option as
described in the WaveMANAGER/OR User’s Guide.
Determine the Outdoor Range
Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide 3-3
Determine the Maximum Range 3
The maximum range of your WaveACCESS Office Router antenna
system is based on the:
■Type of Outdoor Antenna Equipment
■Data Speed of the Wireless Link (see page 3-7).
■Clearance of the Signal Path (see page 3-9).
NOTE:
The values listed in this section are based upon
calculations that assume “optimal radio conditions”.
They do not represent a guarantee that the same
maximum distance can be achieved at your location.
Different performance figures may result from:
■Incorrect alignment of antennas (see page 2-17).
■Sources of interference or unexpected reflections in
the signal path that affect the communications quality
(see “Antenna Placement” on page 2-11).
■Severe weather conditions such as heavy rain or snow
fall, or strong winds.
■Seasonal influences such as leaves on trees, or icing
on the antennas.
When selecting equipment for an outdoor antenna link
make sure that your selection will include an extra safety
margin for the maximum range of 100 m (300 ft) or more.
Determine the Outdoor Range
3-4 Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide
Type of Outdoor Antenna Equipment 3
As described in the previous chapters, Lucent Technologies offers
different types of outdoor antennas, and cable lengths to design
your WaveACCESS Office Router outdoor antenna installation.
■The 14 dBi Directional Antenna provides maximum range, but
due to its narrow signal beam, requires precise antenna
alignment to achieve optimal performance.
This antenna is typically used in combination with Remote
Office Routers to setup a Point-to-Point link, or connect a
Remote Office Routers to a Central Office Router.
■The 7 dBi Omni-Directional Antenna, provides a wide angle
signal beam which makes antenna installation very easy. This
ease of installation, compensates for the smaller range that
can be achieved with this type of antenna.
This antenna is typically used in combination with Central
Office Routers to setup a Point-to-Multipoint link.
The length of the antenna cable also has an impact on the
maximum range that can be achieved with the antenna
combination. For information about the effect of antenna cables,
please consult the section “Determine the Cable Factor” on page
3-8.
Outdoor antenna installations are also subject to local radio
regulations that in a number of countries limit the maximum output
power. To comply with such regulations, Lucent Technologies
offers different outdoor antenna products in the various countries
over the world. Therefore you will need to consult the table that
matches the radio regulations as apply in your country:
■Table 3-1 on page 3-5, for the USA and Canada and any other
country that adheres to the radio regulations as defined by the
US Federal Communications Commission (FCC).
■Table 3-2 on page 3-5, for all European countries, Japan, and
any other country that adheres to the radio regulations as
defined by the European Telecommunications Standards
Institute (ETSI) and MPT.
Determine the Outdoor Range
Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide 3-5
Table 3-1 Outdoor Range for FCC Products
NOTE:
The values listed for ETSI countries, France & Japan in
Table 3-2 are based on the correct use of the low-power
Fixed Wireless PC Card in compliance with ETSI radio
regulations (see also “Selecting the Right WaveACCESS
Card” on page 2-4).
Table 3-2 Outdoor Range for ETSI, FR & JP Products
Antenna Type 14 dBi Yagi 7 dBi Omni
Transmit Rate Range Clearance Range Clearance
14 dBi Yagi Low Speed 15.8 km. 20.3 m. 7.1 km. 11.3 m.
9.7 mi. 66.8 ft. 4.3 mi. 37.2 ft.
Standard Speed 11.2 km. 15.4 m. 5.0 km. 9.1 m.
6.9 mi. 50.7 ft. 3.1 mi. 29.9 ft.
Medium Speed 7.9 km. 12.1 m. 3.5 km. 7.5 m.
4.8 mi. 39.8 ft. 2.1 mi. 24.7 ft.
High Speed 5.6 km. 9.8 m. 2.5 km. 6.3 m.
3.4 mi. 32.2 ft. 1.5 mi. 20.7 ft.
Antenna Type 14 dBi Yagi 7 dBi Omni
Transmit Rate Range Clearance Range Clearance
14 dBi Yagi Low Speed 11.4 km. 11.3 m. 5.1 km. 7.1 m.
7.1 mi. 37.2 ft. 3.2 mi. 23.4 ft.
Standard Speed 8.0 km. 9.1 m. 3.5 km. 5.9 m.
5.0 mi. 29.9 ft. 2.2 mi. 19.4 ft.
Medium Speed 5.6 km. 7.5 m. 2.6 km. 4.9 m.
3.5 mi. 24.7 ft. 1.6 mi. 16.1 ft.
High Speed 4.0 km. 6.3 m. 1.8 km. 4.1 m.
2.5 mi. 20.7 ft. 1.1 mi. 13.5 ft.
Determine the Outdoor Range
3-6 Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide
All values listed in Table 3-1 and Table 3-2 apply to antenna
installations where:
■Antennas have been mounted for vertical polarization
(being the default mounting method).
■On both ends of the wireless link the maximum length of the
antenna cable is 6 m./15ft., and
■The clearance of the signal path (both horizontally and
vertically) is equal or better than the listed value in the grey-
shaded column.
If you are using different cabling lengths and/or the clearance in
your environment is less than the minimum identified in the grey-
shaded columns, you will need to calculate the actual range for
your environment using the formula listed on page 3-2. To do so
please consult:
■“Determine the Cable Factor” on page 3-8, and/or
■“Determine the Clearance Factor” on page 3-9.
Determine the Outdoor Range
Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide 3-7
Data Speed of the Wireless Link 3
By default, the radio of WaveACCESS Office Router products will
always try to transmit at the highest available transmit rate.
As data transmissions at lower speeds can travel larger distances
than transmissions at the highest transmit rates, the
WaveACCESS Office Routers have been designed to apply an
“Automatic Transmit Select” mechanism. If for example a data
communication fails as a result of an out-of-range situation, the
WaveACCESS Office Router will automatically switch to a lower
data rate to retransmit the lost message(s).
NOTE:
Numerous retransmissions may slow down the throughput
performance of your wireless outdoor antenna link.
If the actual distance between both ends of the wireless
link exceeds the maximum range listed for the highest
transmit rates, you may wish to tune the “Automatic
Transmit Rate” of your WaveACCESS Office Router
equipment to avoid unsuccessful transmission attempts at
the highest data rate.
To help you to determine the appropriate tuning settings,
we have listed the range values that apply to the various
transmit rates in Table 3-1 and Table 3-2.
Determine the Outdoor Range
3-8 Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide
Determine the Cable Factor 3
The range value calculations listed in Table 3-1 and Table 3-2 were
based on antenna installations where both antennas were
connected to a 6m/15 ft. cable.
■If this is the case in your situation, the Cable Factor for your
installation is 100%.
■If you are using different cables, you will need to determine the
Cable Factor as described below, to calculate the probable
range for your WaveACCESS Office Router installation.
You can use Table 3-3 in combination with Figure 3-1 on page
3-9 to determine which Cable Factor applies to the cabling
systems applied in your installation.
NOTE:
As the Cable Factor value of the 15m.(50ft.) equals the
value for 6m. (20ft.) cables, Table 3-3 does not include
separate listings for combinations with 15m.(50 ft.) cables.
Table 3-3 Antenna Cabling Combinations
Combination This Location Remote Location
A6m. (15 ft.) 6m. (15 ft.)
B6m. (15 ft.) 22m. (75 ft.)
C22m. (75 ft.) 22m. (75 ft.)
Determine the Outdoor Range
Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide 3-9
Figure 3-1 Cable Factor Diagram
Determine the Clearance Factor 3
For optimal performance of your outdoor antenna link, it is
important that the signal path between the two WaveACCESS
Office Routers provides sufficient clearance.
NOTE:
A wireless outdoor antenna link that lacks sufficient
clearance will suffer from poor performance, which is
typically perceived as slow network response times.
Although your WaveACCESS Office Router equipment will
automatically retransmit every data frame that got lost due
to an out-of-range situation or frame collision, the larger
the number of retransmissions attempts, the lower the
throughput efficiency of your wireless link.
This section will explain how to determine the clearance that
applies in your environment, and (if applicable) the effect of
insufficient clearance on the range of your outdoor antenna link.
In Chapter 2 ”Preparing for Installation” we described the shape of
the radio beam being “bulged” in the middle, as pictured in Figure
3-2 on page 3-10 below.
Determine the Outdoor Range
3-10 Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide
Figure 3-2 Fresnel Zone
If any significant part of this bulged zone is obstructed, a portion of
the radio energy will be lost, which may affect the performance of
your wireless link in terms of maximum range and/or transmit rate.
Looking at Figure 3-2 you will see two variables that determine the
shape of the radio beam, also referred to as Fresnel Zone:
a. The distance between the antennas
b. The clearance required for optimal performance, where
clearance should be interpreted as:
■Vertical clearance above the ground and the highest
buildings or objects in the signal path, and
■Horizontal clearance from neighboring buildings and
objects in the signal path.
For optimal range and throughput performance, you must ensure
that your antenna installation provides maximum clearance in both
horizontal and vertical direction.
Determine the Outdoor Range
Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide 3-11
The minimum clearance for the various antenna combinations and
distances is listed in the grey-shaded columns of Table 3-1 and
Table 3-2, where clearance should be interpreted as follows:
■In
open areas
without obstacles in the signal path, clearance
is measured as height above the surface of the earth.
For example, if the antenna is mounted on the roof, this height
includes the height of the building plus the height of the mast
above the rooftop.
■In
areas with obstacles
in the signal path between the two
antenna(s), clearance should be measured as height above
the highest obstacle(s) in the signal path.
■In
dense urban areas
, the clearance should be measured as
height above the highest rooftop or any other obstacle(s) in the
signal path between the two antenna(s).
Looking at the minimum clearance requirements as identified in
Table 3-1 and Table 3-2, you may realize that local authorities, the
proprietor of the premises, or other reasons may not allow you to
set up an antenna mast that will enable you to meet the listed
clearance requirement.
In such situations, you may not be able to achieve a full line-of-
sight clearance. At the same time however, you may not even need
full clearance, since the distance that your wireless outdoor
installation needs to cover is less than the listed maximum range.
Determine the Outdoor Range
3-12 Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide
To determine the effect of insufficient signal path clearance, you
will need to determine the Clearance Factor as described below,
and calculate its effect on the range for your antenna installation
using the formula described on page 3-2.
■If the clearance for your antenna installation is equal to, or
better than the minimum clearance requirement identified in
Table 3-1 and Table 3-2, the Clearance Factor for your
installation is 100%.
■If your actual clearance is less than the minimum clearance
identified in Table 3-1 and Table 3-2, you will need use the
diagram pictured in Figure 3-3 on page 3-12 to determine the
actual range that will apply in your situation.
Figure 3-3 Clearance Factor Diagram
Examples
Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide 3-13
Examples 3
Point-to-Point Links 3
Suppose you are installing a wireless point-to-point link between
two Remote Office Routers as pictured in Figure 3-4 below, where:
■Both sites have been equipped with a 14 dBi Directional
Antenna, connected via 6m.(15ft.) antenna cables.
■The distance between site a and b is 4 km. (2.5 mi.).
■The site is located in the US, which allows the use of FCC
approved equipment.
Figure 3-4 Calculating the Point-to-Point Range
Looking at Table 3-1 on page 3-5, we learn that a High Speed link
between two 14 dBi Yagi antennas may cover a maximum distance
of 5.6 Km.(3.4 mi.), provided that the signal path clearance is 9.8
m. (32.2 ft.) or better.
Now let’s calculate the probable range for this example using the
formula introduced on page 3-2:
Range = Maximum Range x Cable Factor x Clearance Factor
Examples
3-14 Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide
Calculate the Clearance effect on Range 3
In the example pictured in Figure 3-4 on page 3-13, we see a set of
trees in the signal path. Let’s suppose the clearance (c) between
these trees and the signal path is only be 7.5 m (24.5 ft.).
1. Using a calculator we can easily determine that this 7.5 m
(24.5 ft.) is about 75% of the required 9.8 m. (32.2 ft.)
clearance for maximum range.
2. Looking at the Clearance Factor Diagram pictured in Figure
3-3 on page 3-12 we can see that 75% actual clearance,
equals a Clearance Factor of 75%.
3. If we apply this Clearance Factor to the range calculation
formula, your probable range would become:
Range= 5.6 Km.(3.4 mi.) x 75% x 100% = 4.2 Km (2.6 mi.)
This might satisfy your requirements for High Speed data
transmissions between the two WaveACCESS Office Routers.
However the “safety margin” looks pretty tight.
If we would base the calculation on transmissions at Medium
speed, your range calculation would look as follows:
1. Looking at Table 3-1 on page 3-5, we learn that a Medium
Speed link between two 14 dBi Yagi antennas may cover a
maximum distance of 7.9 Km.(4.8 mi.), provided that the signal
path clearance is 12.1 m. (39.8 ft.) or better.
2. As mentioned above however, our actual clearance is only
7.5m. (24.5 ft.), which is about 62% of the required 12.1m.
(39.8 ft.).
Range= 7.9 Km.(4.8 mi.) x 62% x 100% = 4.9 Km (3.0 mi.)
This result indicates that you can safely rely on the “Automatic
Transmit Rate” mechanism of your WaveACCESS Office Router for
reliable wireless communications.
Examples
Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide 3-15
Calculate the Cable effect on Range 3
On page page 3-13 we presumed that at both sites the antenna
were connected via 6m.(15 ft.) cables.
If we would replace the 6m.(15 ft.) cable at building b, with a longer
22 m. (75 ft.) cable, we would need to look at the Cable Factor
effect of this longer cable.
1. Table 3-3 on page 3-8 tells us that this new cabling
combination is marked as cable combination B.
2. Looking at the Cable Factor Diagram pictured in Figure 3-1 on
page 3-9, we see that the Cable Factor of cable combination B
equals a value of 82%.
3. If we apply this Cable Factor to the range calculation formula
again, your probable range would become:
Range= 7.9 Km.(4.8 mi.) x 62% x 82% = 4.0 Km (2.5 mi.)
This result indicates that the effect of this cable will most likely
prevent your wireless link from operating at both High and Medium
Speed. In such situations you are advised to:
■Relocate the WavePOINT-II hardware to a location that allows
you to use a shorter cable length.
■Increase the height of the antenna on the mast and/or install
taller antenna masts to increase the signal path clearance.
■Trade-off data speed versus range, and recalculate the ranges
that could be achieved at lower Transmit Rates.
Alternatively, you may decide to perform on-site diagnostic
measurements to validate the results of this calculation. Please
consult the WaveMANAGER/OR User’s Guide for information
about using the Wireless Link Test feature to perform on-site
diagnostic measurements.
The WaveMANAGER/OR User’s Guide is available in electronic
format on the WaveACCESS Office Router CD-ROM.
Examples
3-16 Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide
Point-to-MultiPoint Links 3
Suppose you are installing a wireless Point-to-Multipoint link
between a WaveCAMPUS Central Office Router and two Remote
Office Routers as pictured in Figure 3-5 below, where:
■The Central Office Router in building c is connected to a 7 dBi
Omni-Directional Antenna, and
■The two remote sites a and b have been equipped with a 14
dBi Directional Antenna.
■All sites have been connected via 22m.(75ft.) antenna cables.
■The site is located in the Europe, which requires you to use
ETSI approved equipment1.
Figure 3-5 Calculating the Point-to-Point Range
For this type of outdoor antenna installation you will need to
determine the range for each link individually, i.e. the range from
the building c to building a, and from the building c to building b.
1 In France you may only use equipment based on the FR channel-set.
Examples
Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide 3-17
NOTE:
In this example we will only demonstrate the calculation for
the link between building a and c. However as different
clearance factors may apply for each of these links, you
are advised to calculate the actual range for each link
individually when designing a “real” outdoor antenna link.
For the purpose of this example we presume that:
■The antenna installation will be installed in a dense urban
area, where the distance between building a and building c is
1.6 Km.(1.0 mi.).
■The actual clearance is 3m. (9.9ft.), being the height of the
antennas on the mast2.
Now let’s calculate the probable range for this example using the
formula introduced on page 3-2:
Range = Maximum Range x Cable Factor x Clearance Factor
1. Looking at Table 3-2 on page 3-5, we learn that a High Speed
link between a 7 dBi Omni-Directional Antenna and a 14 dBi
Directional Antenna may cover a maximum distance of 1.8 Km.
(3.4 mi.), provided that the signal path clearance is 4.1m. (13.5
ft.) or better.
2. Using a calculator we can easily determine that the actual
clearance of 3m. (9.9ft.) is about 75% of the required 4.1m.
(13.5 ft.) which equals a Clearance Factor of 75%.
3. The Cable Factor is 65%, since all sites have been connected
via 22m.(75ft.) antenna cables (see Table 3-3 on page 3-8 and
the Cable Factor Diagram pictured in Figure 3-1 on page 3-9.
2 According to the information about dense urban areas described on page
3-11, we use the height of the antennas above the roof-tops of both
buildings to determine the level of actual clearance.
Examples
3-18 Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide
4. If we import all this information into the range calculation
formula, your probable range for High Speed transmissions
would become:
Range= 1.8 Km. (3.4 mi.) x 75% x 65% = 0.8 Km (0.5 mi.)
For campus type environments, this range will probably be
sufficient to connect multiple buildings. However if you would need
to cover a larger distance, you can either:
■Relocate the WavePOINT-II hardware to a location that allows
you to use a shorter cable length.
■Increase the height of the antenna on the mast and/or install
taller antenna masts to increase the signal path clearance.
■Trade-off data speed versus range, and recalculate the ranges
that could be achieved at lower Transmit Rates.
Alternatively, you may decide to perform on-site diagnostic
measurements to validate the results of this calculation. Please
consult the WaveMANAGER/OR User’s Guide for information
about using the Wireless Link Test feature to perform on-site
diagnostic measurements.
The WaveMANAGER/OR User’s Guide is available in
electronic format on the WaveACCESS Office Router CD-
ROM, or can be downloaded from the WaveLAN website at:
http://www.wavelan.com. To view or print this file you will need
the Adobe Acrobat Reader which is provided on the CD-ROM.
Contents
4
Installing the Antenna
Planning Antenna Installation 4-1
Safety Precautions 4-2
Installation Overview 4-5
Mounting the Antenna 4-6
Mounting the Directional Antenna 4-6
■Mounting to a Mast 4-6
■Mounting on a Flat Surface 4-8
Mounting the Omni-directional Antenna 4-9
■Mounting to a Mast 4-9
Connecting the Antenna Cable 4-11
Sealing the Cable Connectors 4-12
Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide 4-1
4
Installing the Antenna
Planning Antenna Installation 4
Carefully plan the day for your outdoor antenna installation. Do not
install the antenna in wet or windy conditions, during a
thunderstorm or when the area where the equipment will be
installed is covered with ice or snow.
The grounding system for the antenna mast, WavePOINT-II
hardware and WaveACCESS Surge Arrester should be installed
before the cable from the antenna is connected to the lightning
arrestor. This will protect your WaveACCESS Outdoor System in
case lightning should strike the antenna during installation.
Familiarize yourself with the antenna and the antenna specific
mounting instructions prior to climbing any roof or ladder. Installing
and testing all equipment before beginning the actual rooftop
installation will help you to determine whether all required
equipment and items are available and are functioning properly.
To verify the equipment prior to installation, you may need to skip
this chapter and first proceed with the guidelines as described in
the WaveMANAGER User’s Guide.
The WaveMANAGER User’s Guide is shipped with the
WavePOINT-II device, and can be downloaded from the WaveLAN/
WaveACCESS website at: http://www.wavelan.com
Planning Antenna Installation
4-2 Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide
Safety Precautions 4
Please read this section carefully before beginning the installation.
All requirements listed below should be satisfied prior to starting
installation of your WaveACCESS outdoor antennas.
!DANGER:
The WaveACCESS Office Router outdoor antennas are
intended for mounting on a roof, or the side of a building.
Installation shall not be attempted by someone who is not
trained or experienced in this type of work.
The antenna has to be installed by a suitably trained
professional installation technician or a qualified antenna
installation service. The site pre-requisites have to be
checked by a person familiar with the national electrical
code, and other regulations governing this type of
installation.
1. Do not climb rooftops in wet or windy conditions, during a
thunderstorm or when the area where the equipment will be
installed is covered with ice or snow.
2. Do not touch antennas, surge arresters and/or antenna cables
during a thunderstorm.
Planning Antenna Installation
Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide 4-3
!DANGER:
Outdoor antennas and antenna cables are electrical
conductors. Transients or electrostatic discharges that may
occur at the antenna (for example a lightning strike during
thunderstorms) may damage your electronic equipment
and cause personal injury or death to persons touching
the exposed metal connectors of the antenna cable.
To avoid damage and personal injury, the entire antenna
cabling system must be grounded at all times.
When installing, disconnecting or replacing one of the
cabling components, you must ensure at all times that
each exposed metal connectors of the antenna cabling
system will be grounded locally during the work.
3. The location where you will install the antenna(s) must be at a
safe distance from power lines or telephone lines. The safe
distance should be at least twice the height of the antenna
mast
plus
the height of the antenna.
!DANGER:
The antennas and cables are electrical conductors.
Contact of these components with power lines can result in
serious personal injury, or possibly death. Do not install
this antenna where there is any possibility of contact with
high-voltage arc-over from power cables or service drops
to buildings. The antenna, supporting mast and/or tower
must not be close to any power lines during installation,
removal or in the event of part of the system should
accidentally fail.
Apply a “Danger” label to a plainly visible area of the
antenna support structure.
Planning Antenna Installation
4-4 Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide
4. Antennas shall be mounted in such a manner to minimize the
potential for human contact during normal operation. In order
to avoid the possibillity of exceeding the FCC radio frequency
exposure limits, human proximity to the antenna shall not be
less than 20cm (8 inches) during normal operation.
5. The low-loss antenna cable that will connect the antenna with
the lightning arrestor must be at least 1m (3 ft.) away from any
high voltage or high current cable.
6. Check whether the antenna mast and its guy wires or wall
bracket are positioned correctly and secured properly to the
roof or wall(s).
7. Check whether the grounding system for the antenna mast, the
WavePOINT-II hardware and WaveACCESS Surge Arrester
have been installed. The grounding system must comply with
the requirements as described in Chapter 2, “Grounding
System” on page 2-15.
Always consult a qualified electrician if you are in doubt as to
whether the antenna mast, the WaveACCESS Surge Arrester
and WavePOINT-II hardware are properly grounded.
8. The antenna cable between the antenna and the lightning
arrestor must be grounded at all times. If the cable is
disconnected at one end for some reason (for example, to
replace the lightning arrestor) then you must ensure that the
exposed metal connector of the cable is grounded locally
during the work.
Planning Antenna Installation
Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide 4-5
Installation Overview 4
The installation process can be summarized in the following seven
steps.
1. Verify that the support structure for the antenna has been
connected to the grounding system. If this is not the case you
should do so now.
2. Connect the exposed metal connectors of the low-loss
antenna cable to the grounding system.
3. Mount the antenna to the support structure, following the
guidelines as described for your antenna:
■“Mounting the Directional Antenna” on page 4-6
■“Mounting the Omni-directional Antenna” on page 4-9
4. Connect the antenna cable to the antenna
5. Route the antenna cable to the WaveACCESS Surge Arrester
that has been installed indoors.
6. Connect the antenna cable to the Surge Arrester.
7. Connect the Cable Assembly to the Surge Arrester.
8. Connect the opposite end of the Cable Assembly to the
connector in the extended part of the WaveACCESS card that
protrudes from the host device.
!CAUTION:
When you need to remove or relocate the antenna, follow
the Safety Precautions as described on page 4-2, and
follow the eight steps listed above in exactly the reverse
order.
9. Run the Remote Link Test diagnostics of the WaveMANAGER/
AP program to aim the antenna and verify optimal placement.
10. Once the antenna is correctly positioned, and you have verified
the installation works properly, secure all cables and use
weather-proofing tape to seal all outdoor connectors.
Mounting the Antenna
4-6 Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide
Mounting the Antenna 4
The WaveACCESS Office Router kit is available as a 2.4 GHz Kit
with either a 14 dBi directional or a 7 dBi omni-directional antenna.
This section includes mounting instructions for each of these
antenna types.
When mounting multiple antennas on a single mast, use the
following methods to minimize the influence of cross-talk
interference between the antennas:
■Place your antennas as far apart as you can.
■Alternate the mounting of directional antennas for vertical and
horizontal polarization.
The illustrations on the following pages picture the mounting
instructions for vertical polarization.
Mounting the Directional Antenna 4
You can mount the Lucent Technologies 14 dBi Directional
Antenna to a mast or a flat vertical surface, such as a wall.
In most cases mounting the antenna to a mast will allow for more
flexibility in adjusting the height and direction of the antenna to aim
it at the opposite end of the wireless link.
Mounting to a Mast 4
To mount the antenna to a mast proceed as follows:
1. Verify if you have all the items listed below:
■The WaveACCESS 2.4 GHz antenna
■The 2 U-bolts and bolt heads provided
■The 4 flatwashers and 4 nuts provided
■A socket wrench to tighten the nuts
Mounting the Antenna
Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide 4-7
2. Note the arrows on the mounting plate.
3. Mount the antenna with the arrows pointing up.
4. Attach the antenna to the mast as pictured in Figure 4-1 on
page 4-7, using the U-bolts and bolt heads, the Metal Backing
Plate and nuts.
5. Proceed with “Connecting the Antenna Cable” on page 4-11.
!CAUTION:
Always place flatwashers between heads (or nuts) and the
plastic mounting plate. Avoid overtightening the nuts and
screws to prevent damage to the mounting plate.
Figure 4-1 Mounting the 14 dBi Antenna to a Mast
Mounting the Antenna
4-8 Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide
Mounting on a Flat Surface 4
For mounting the antenna to a flat vertical surface, you must
provide a smooth surface for the antenna mount. On wall surfaces
such as brick, block or stucco, use an intermediate surface such as
a plywood board or metal plate between the wall and antenna. The
intermediate surface will need to be of sufficient strength to prevent
distortion of the antenna base when the mounting hardware is
tightened.
To mount the antenna proceed as follows:
1. Verify if you have all the items listed below:
■The WaveACCESS 2.4 GHz antenna
■(optional) an intermediate plate
■4 plugs and screws
■4 flatwashers
■An electric drill
■A screwdriver to tighten the screws
Figure 4-2 Mounting the 14 dBi Antenna to a Wall
Mounting the Antenna
Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide 4-9
2. Note the arrows on the mounting plate.
3. Mount the antenna with the arrows pointing up.
4. Attach the antenna using the intermediate plate, Metal Backing
Plate and flatwashers as shown in Figure 4-2.
5. Proceed with “Connecting the Antenna Cable” on page 4-11.
!CAUTION:
Always use flatwashers between the screws and the
plastic mounting plate. Avoid overtightening nuts and
screws to prevent damage to the mounting plate.
Mounting the Omni-directional Antenna 4
You can mount the 7 dBi MHz antenna to a mast only. This antenna
uses Vertical Polarization which is the most common type of
polarization for omni-directional antennas.
Mounting to a Mast 4
To mount the antenna to a mast proceed as follows:
1. Verify that you have all the items listed below:
■The WaveACCESS 7 dBi Pole Antenna
■The Z-shaped Metal Bracket.
■The hose-clip
■A standard screwdriver or small wrench to tighten the nut
on the hose-clip
2. Position the Bracket (identified as item D in Figure 4-3 on page
4-10) to the top of the antenna mast (item B).
3. Place the U-bolt (item C) around the antenna mast, and slide
its ends through the corresponding holes of the bracket.
4. Use the lock-washers (item E) and nuts (item F) to secure the
bracket to the mast.
Mounting the Antenna
4-10 Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide
Use a wrench to tighten the nuts and ensure the bracket will be
fixed to the top of the mast.
5. Next feed the antenna cable of the 7 dBi omni-directional
antenna (item A) through the hole of the mounting bracket.
6. Slide the antenna down, until its metal base is enclosed by the
mounting bracket as pictured in Figure 4-3.
Figure 4-3 Mounting the 7 dBi Antenna to a Mast
7. Use a wrench to tighten the bracket bolt (item G) to fix the
antenna into its position.
!CAUTION:
Avoid overtightening the hose-clip nut to avoid damage to
the clip and your antenna.
8. Proceed with “Connecting the Antenna Cable” on page 4-11 to
connect the antenna to the indoor equipment.
Connecting the Antenna Cable
Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide 4-11
Connecting the Antenna Cable 4
Once the antenna is properly installed, you can connect the
antenna to the WaveACCESS Wireless System via the
WaveACCESS Surge Arrester.
1. First connect the antenna cable to the antenna
2. Secure the antenna cable to the mast such that the cable
connectors do not support the full weight of the cable.
3. Connect the opposite end of the antenna cable to the
WaveACCESS Surge Arrester.
NOTE:
To avoid damage to the antenna cable and connectors,
refrain from using appliances to tighten the cable
connectors
4. Prior to securing the cable along its complete length, run the
Remote Link Test diagnostics of the WaveMANAGER/AP
program to analyze wireless performance and optimal
placement of the outdoor antenna (see Figure 2-3 on page
2-18). How to use this program is described in the
WaveMANAGER User’s Guide that was shipped with the
WavePOINT-II hardware, and/or can be downloaded from the
WaveLAN/WaveACCESS website at http://www.wavelan.com
5. If required, adjust the direction of the antenna.
6. Once the installation has been fully tested, tighten the nuts of
the antenna to ‘lock’ the antenna into its position.
!CAUTION:
Avoid overtightening of the connectors, and nuts and
screws used to mount the antenna, to prevent damage to
your WaveACCESS Office Router hardware.
Connecting the Antenna Cable
4-12 Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide
7. Secure the cable along its complete length. No part of the
cable should be allowed to hang free. This is especially
important for those parts that are routed outside the building.
8. Use the stretch tape provided to seal all outdoor connectors.
Sealing the Cable Connectors 4
Most problems associated with wireless outdoor installations are
related to degrading performance due to the effects of corrosion of
the antenna cable and cable connectors. To avoid this type of
problems, you must always seal the cable connectors that are
located outdoors using the weather proofing tape provided.
You are advised to seal the connectors only after you have verified
optimal alignment of the antennas using the Remote Link Test as
described in the WaveMANAGER IEEE User’s Guide. Doing so will
enable you to adjust antenna placement and cable routing without
removing the tape.
1. Prepare the cable and connectors so that they are free from
dust, dirt and grease.
2. Attach the tip of the weather proofing tape to the cable just
above the connector.
3. Holding the tape in its position, now stretch the tape and wind
it half-lapped around the cable and connectors to form a void-
free joint.
The degree of stretch may vary in different sections of the joint,
as long as the overlaps accomplish a void-free application.
To protect the weather-proofing stretch tape from the effects of
Ultra-Violet (UV) radiation (for example from direct sun-light), you
should protect the joint with two half-lapped layers of any vinyl
plastic electrical tape. Alternatively, you can apply silicone sealer to
protect the weather-proofing tape from sunlight, rain and other
weather conditions.
Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide A-1
A
The Antenna Cabling System
The Outdoor Cabling Components 1
To connect your WavePOINT-II hardware to an
outdoor antenna installation you will need the
following cabling components as pictured on the
right side of this page:
A. A WaveACCESS Cable Assembly
B. A WaveACCESS Surge Arrester
C. A Low-Loss Antenna Cable
D. An outdoor antenna:
■The 14 dBi Directional Antenna
(described in Appendix B).
■The 7 dBi Omni-Directional Antenna
(described in Appendix C).
When purchasing new WaveACCESS Office
Router products, each of the components listed
above will be equipped with Standard N-Type
connectors.
When ordering separate components, carefully
read the note on the following page to ensure that
you order components with an N-Type connector
that matches the other parts of the WaveACCESS
Outdoor Cabling System.
The Outdoor Cabling Components
A-2 Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide
Selecting the Correct Connector-Type 1
All cabling components of the WaveACCESS Outdoor Antenna
system come with Standard-N type connectors as pictured in Table
A-1 below.
Table A-1 Standard N-Type Connector Diagram
NOTE:
Previously marketed WaveACCESS outdoor antenna
systems in FCC regulated countries (e.g. USA & Canada)
were shipped with a different cabling system, identified by
Reverse Polarity-N connectors (pictured in Table A-2 on
page A-3).
The Outdoor Cabling Components
Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide A-3
If you are looking for replacement parts, or wish to extend
a previously installed Reverse Polarity-N cabling system,
please consult your Authorized WaveACCESS Reseller.
You can use Table A-2 to:
■Determine the type of cabling system currently
installed.
■Determine what type of spare part or converter you
will need if you intend to upgrade or replace a
previously installed outdoor cabling system.
Within time the Reverse Polarity-N cabling system will be
phased out.
Table A-2 Reverse Polarity-N Cabling Diagram
The Outdoor Cabling Components
A-4 Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide
!DANGER:
Outdoor antennas and antenna cables are electrical
conductors. Transients or electrostatic discharges that may
occur at the antenna (for example a lightning strike during
thunderstorms) may damage your electronic equipment
and cause personal injury or death to persons touching
the exposed metal connectors of the antenna cable.
To avoid damage and personal injury, the entire antenna
cabling system must be grounded at all times.
When installing, disconnecting or replacing one of the
cabling components, you must ensure at all times that
each exposed metal connectors of the antenna cabling
system will be grounded locally during the work.
For example when mounting or replacing the
WaveACCESS Surge Arrester:
1. First connect each of the connectors of the low-loss
antenna cables to the grounding system
2. Next connect the cable connector of the
WaveACCESS Cable Assembly to the grounding
system.
3. Finally connect the WaveACCESS Surge Arrester to
the grounding system.
Before you proceed, verify that each of the items is
properly grounded, and that the ground will not interrupted
when disconnecting one of the antenna system
components.
Check with a qualified electrician if you are in doubt as to
whether the surge arrester, and cable connectors are
properly grounded.
Only after you have verified that each of the items is properly
grounded, replace the surge arrester and re-connect the cables in
exactly the reverse order of the previous steps.
WaveACCESS Cable Assembly
Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide A-5
WaveACCESS Cable Assembly 1
The WaveACCESS Cable Assembly is a Lucent Technologies
proprietary cable to connect WaveACCESS IEEE 802.11 PC
Cards and/or WaveACCESS Fixed Wireless PC Cards to an
outdoor antenna system. This cable is included as part of the
WaveACCESS Office Router Router kit.
On the end that is connected to the WaveACCESS card, the cable
assembly has a Lucent Technologies proprietary connector.
The N-Type connector at the opposite end will match the polarity of
the N-connectors of the other components that belong to your
outdoor antenna cabling system, subject to the country where the
WaveACCESS Office Router Kit or Cable Assembly was
purchased.
Table A-3 Specifications Cable Assembly
Mechanical
Length 50 cm (19.5 in.)
Connectors1
1See also “Selecting the Correct Connector-Type” on page A-2
Standard-N (Male)
Operating Temperature - 40°C to +85°C
Electrical
Frequency Range 800-2500 MHz
Insertion Loss 0.9 dB
WaveACCESS Surge Arrester
A-6 Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide
WaveACCESS Surge Arrester 1
The ”WaveACCESS Surge Arrester” (sometimes also referred to
as “Lightning Protector”) can protect your sensitive WaveACCESS
equipment from high-voltage currents caused by discharge and
transients at the antennas.
Figure A-1 Mounting the WaveACCESS Surge Arrester
To mount the WaveACCESS Surge Arrester:
1. Determine a suitable location for the bracket (item B) as
described in Chapter 2 “Preparing for Installation”.
2. Use the screws (item C) to attach the bracket the wall.
3. Apply a ring-terminal to the ground wire, and use the bolt, lock-
washer and nut (item D) to connect the ground-wire (item E) to
the mounting bracket.
WaveACCESS Surge Arrester
Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide A-7
The ring-terminal and ground wire are not included, but must
be installed by a certified electrician that is familiar with
national electricity & safety codes, according the instructions
described under “Grounding System” in Chapter 2.
4. Next insert the WaveACCESS Surge Arrester (item A” into the
bracket as pictured in Figure A-1 on page A-6.
5. Use the hex-nut (item F) to secure the WaveACCESS Surge
Arrester in its position, and ensure that the Protector is
properly connected to the grounding system.
!WARNING:
To avoid damage to electronic equipment and your
WaveACCESS equipment always apply the
”WaveACCESS Surge Arrester” between the outdoor
antenna installation and the WavePOINT-II hardware or
other computing device that is connected to the outdoor
antenna(s).
Table A-4 Specifications Surge Arrester
Mechanical
Size
Height 69 mm (2.7 in.)
Diameter 26 mm (1 in.)
Weight 133 g (4.7 oz.)
Connectors1
1 See also “Selecting the Correct Connector-Type” on page A-2
Standard-N (Male)
Operating Temperature - 40°C to +85°C
Electrical
Frequency Range 800-2500 MHz
Insertion Loss 0.2 dB
Surge Current 2000 Amp
Nominal Impedance 50 Ohms
Low-Loss Antenna Cable
A-8 Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide
Low-Loss Antenna Cable 1
The low-loss antenna cable is available in three standard lengths.
This cable is not included with the WaveACCESS Office Router
Router kit, but should be ordered separately.
■Specifications 6m (20 ft) Antenna Cable.
■Specifications 15m (50 ft) Antenna Cable
■Specifications 22m (75 ft) Antenna Cable
!CAUTION:
To ensure you order the right cable length, carefully
determine the distance between the intended locations of
the WavePOINT-II hardware and outdoor antenna
Table A-5 Specifications 6m (20 ft) Antenna Cable.
Mechanical Specifications
Length 6 meter (20 ft)
Diameter 5 mm (0.195 in.)
Weight 32,75 gram/meter (0.022 lbs/ft)
Bend Radius
Connectors1
1 See also “Selecting the Correct Connector-Type” on page A-2
Standard-N (Male)
Operating Temperature - 40°C to +85°C
Electrical Specifications
Insertion Loss 0.55 dB/meter (16.9 dB/100 feet)
Total for this cable 3.5 dB
Low-Loss Antenna Cable
Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide A-9
Table A-6 Specifications 15m (50 ft) Antenna Cable
Table A-7 Specifications 22m (75 ft) Antenna Cable
Mechanical Specifications
Length 15 meter (50 ft)
Diameter 10 mm (0.4 In.)
Weight 101.2 gram/meter (0.068 lbs/ft)
Bend Radius 25 mm (1 In.)
Connectors1
1 See also “Selecting the Correct Connector-Type” on page A-2
Standard-N (Male)
Operating Temperature - 40°C to +85°C
Electrical Specifications
Insertion Loss 0.22 dB/meter (6.8 dB/100 feet)
Total for this cable 3.5 dB
Mechanical Specifications
Length 22 meter (75 ft)
Diameter 10 mm (0.4 In.
Weight 101.2 gram/meter (0.068 lbs/ft)
Bend Radius 25 mm (1 In.)
Connectors1
1 See also “Selecting the Correct Connector-Type” on page A-2
Standard-N (Male on both ends)
Operating Temperature - 40°C to +85°C
Electrical Specifications
Insertion Loss 0.22 dB/meter (6.8 dB/100 feet)
Total for this cable 5.1 dB
Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide B-1
B
14 dBi Directional Antenna
General Description 2
14 dBi Directional Antenna is a High-Gain WaveACCESS Antenna
for the 2.4 GHz frequency band.
The antenna is a totally enclosed 16 element Yagi antenna that has
been designed for point-to-point communications.
It has a typical VSWR of 1.5:1 and is less than 2:1 over the entire
frequency band. The gain is 14 dBi and the half-power beamwidth
is 30 degrees. This antenna is normally mounted on a mast and is
vertically polarized.
Contents of the Antenna Box 2
■One encapsulated antenna
■Metal Backing Plate for the antenna
■2 U-bolts, with 2 bolt heads (for mast mounting)
■4 flat-washers, and 4 nuts
(to attach the antenna to the U-bolts or screws)
For mounting instructions please consult Chapter 4 ”Installing the
Antenna”.
General Description
B-2 Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide
Table B-1 Specifications 14 dBi Directional Antenna
Mechanical
■Size 45.7 cm (18 in.)
■Mounting Method ■Vertical or horizontal mast with an outside
diameter between 29 mm (1.125 in.) and
41 mm (1.625 in.) using u-bolts.
■Wall using plugs and screws.
Cable ■Type RG-58A/U, 50 ohm low-loss coax
■Length 80 cm (31.5 in.)
■Color White
Connector1
1See also “Selecting the Correct Connector-Type” on page A-2
Standard-N (Female)
Electrical
■Frequency Range 2.4 GHz
■VSWR Less than 2:1, 1.5:1 Nominal
■Nominal Impedance 50 Ohms
■Gain 14 dBi
■Front-to-Back Ratio greater than 20 dB
■Half-Power Beamwidth -3dB
■Vertical (E-plane) 30.8 Degrees
■Horizontal (H-plane) 31.4 Degrees
■Polarization Linear Vertical, Horizontal when mounted
differently see (page 4-6).
Antenna Environment
■Operating Temperature - 40°C (-40°F) to +60°C (140°F)
■Wind/survival At least 128 km/h (80 mph.)2
2 At least 104 km/h (65 mph) with 1.25 cm (0.5 in.) ice.
■Wind Surface Area 7.56 square cm (0.248 square ft.)
Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide C-1
C
7 dBi Omni-Directional
Antenna
Hardware Specifications 3
The Lucent 7 dBi Omni-Directional Antenna is a broadband
antenna for the 2.4 GHz frequency band featuring an omni-
directional pattern with a nominal gain of 7 dBi.
The pole-type antenna is enclosed in a weatherproof protective
covering (“radome”). This vertically polarized antenna can be
mounted to an antenna mast with an outside diameter of up to 65
mm (2.5 in).
For mounting instructions, please consult Chapter 4 ”Installing the
Antenna”.
For detailed specifications see Table C-1 on page C-2.
Hardware Specifications
C-2 Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide
Table C-1 Specifications 7 dBi Omni-Directional Antenna
Mechanical
■Size 45,7 cm (18 in.)
■Mounting method Clamps to vertical mast with outside
diameter between 35 mm (1.4 in.) and 65
mm (2.6 in.)
Cable
■Type RG-58A/U, 50 ohm low-loss coax
■Length 15 cm (6 in.)
■Color White
Connector1
1 See also “Selecting the Correct Connector-Type” on page A-2
Standard-N (female)
Electrical
■Frequency Range 2.4 GHz
■VSWR Less than 2:1 Nominal
■Nominal Impedance 50 Ohms
■Gain 7 dBi
■Polarization Linear Vertical
Antenna Environment
■Operating Temperature - 40°C (-40°F) to +60°C (140°F)
■Wind/survival At least 128 km/h (80 mph)2
2 At least 104 km/h (65 mph) with 1.25 cm (0.5 in.) ice.
■Wind Surface Area 7.56 square cm (0.248 square feet)
Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide IX-1
A
Antenna
14 dBi directional B-1
7 dBi omni-directional C-1
alignment 2-17
cable A-8
cable routing 2-19
connecting 4-11
connectors C-2
mounting 4-6
mounting directional 4-6
mounting omni-directional 4-9
placement 2-11
planning installation 4-1
Antenna Cable
15 m (50 ft) A-9
22m (75 ft) A-9
6 m (20 ft) A-8
routing 2-8
sealing connectors 4-12
Antenna Mast
grounding 2-15
placement 2-14
requirements 2-15
wall (side) mount 2-14
Antenna, polarization 2-18
C
Cable Assembly, specifications A-5
Cable Factor 3-8
Card
Fixed Wireless PC Card 2-4
WaveACCESS PC Card 2-4
Check-List 2-20
Clearance 3-10, 3-11
areas with obstacles 3-11
dense urban areas 3-11
determine 3-1
line-of-sight 2-12
open areas 3-11
Clearance Factor 3-9
Connector
antenna B-2
Connectors
antenna cable A-8
Surge Arrester A-7
D
Diagnostics
WaveMANAGER/OR 2-17
Documentation Updates v
F
Fresnel Zone 3-10
G
Gain 3-1
Grounding System 2-15
Index
Index
IX-2 Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide
I
IEEE Fixed Wireless PC Card 2-4
Information
World Wide Web v
Information, diskettes 1-6
Information, finding additional 1-4
Installation, overview outdoor 2-10
Installation, preparation 2-1
Installation, site prerequisites 2-1
L
Lightning Protector
see Surge Arrester 2-8
specifications A-7
M
Mounting
directional antenna 4-6
omni-directional antenna 4-9
O
Output Power 3-1
P
Performance
seasonal factors 2-13
weather conditions 2-13
Pigtail, see cable assembly A-5
R
Range 3-2
Cable Factor 3-8
calculating 3-2
Clearance Factor 3-9
how to determine 3-1
Remote Link Test
see Wireless Link Test 2-17
RF Obstacles 2-12
S
Safety, precautions, 4-2
Sealing 4-12
Sensitivity 3-1
Software Updates v
Specifications
15m (50 ft) cable A-9
22m (75 ft) cable A-9
6m (20 ft) cable A-8
cable assembly A-5
Surge Arrester A-7
Support
WaveLAN v
Surge Arrester
placement 2-8
T
Technical Support v
U
Updates v
Index
Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide IX-3
W
WaveACCESS
Cable Assembly A-5
IEEE 802.11 PC card 2-4
Office Router Kit 2-4
WaveACCESS LINK WP-II
see WaveACCESS Remote Office
Router 1-8
WaveACCESS Office Router
kit contents 1-7
WaveACCESS Surge Arrester A-6
WaveCAMPUS
see Central Office Router 1-9
WaveLAN Technical Support v
WaveMANAGER/OR
tool 2-17
User’s Guide 2-17
Wireless Link Test 2-18
WavePOINT-II
hardware installation 2-7
placement 2-6
WaveACCESS Office Router
hardware 2-6
WavePOINT-II PTP
see WaveACCESS Remote Office
Router 1-8
Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide LOF-1
Figure 1-1 Wireless Point-to-Point Link 1-8
Figure 1-2 WaveCAMPUS Point-to-Multipoint Link 1-9
Figure 2-1 Overview Indoor Installation 2-3
Figure 2-2 Potential Obstacles for a Directional Antenna 2-12
Figure 2-3 WaveMANAGER/OR Wireless Link Test 2-18
Figure 3-1 Cable Factor Diagram 3-9
Figure 3-2 Fresnel Zone 3-10
Figure 3-3 Clearance Factor Diagram 3-12
Figure 3-4 Calculating the Point-to-Point Range 3-13
Figure 3-5 Calculating the Point-to-Point Range 3-16
Figure 4-1 Mounting the 14 dBi Antenna to a Mast 4-7
Figure 4-2 Mounting the 14 dBi Antenna to a Wall 4-8
Figure 4-3 Mounting the 7 dBi Antenna to a Mast 4-10
Figure A-1 Mounting the WaveACCESS Surge Arrester A-6
List of Figures
Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide LOT-1
Table 3-1 Outdoor Range for FCC Products 3-5
Table 3-2 Outdoor Range for ETSI, FR & JP Products 3-5
Table 3-3 Antenna Cabling Combinations 3-8
Table A-1 Standard N-Type Connector Diagram A-2
Table A-2 Reverse Polarity-N Cabling Diagram A-3
Table A-3 Specifications Cable Assembly A-5
Table A-4 Specifications Surge Arrester A-7
Table A-5 Specifications 6m (20 ft) Antenna Cable. A-8
Table A-6 Specifications 15m (50 ft) Antenna Cable A-9
Table A-7 Specifications 22m (75 ft) Antenna Cable A-9
Table B-1 Specifications 14 dBi Directional Antenna B-2
Table C-1 Specifications 7 dBi Omni-Directional AntennaC-2
List of Tables
Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide Warranty-1
In case your IEEE 802.11 WaveLAN product is not working
properly, you are advised to consult the Troubleshooting hints, prior
to contacting WaveLAN Technical Support.
In case your IEEE 802.11 WaveLAN product is defective, return it
to your Authorized Reseller or Distributor in the original packaging.
Warranty Repairs: 0
When returning a defective product for Warranty, always include
the following documents:
■The Warranty Repair card, and
■A copy of the invoice/proof of purchase
All other Repairs: 0
When returning a defective product for Repair, always include the
following documents:
■The Warranty Repair card
You are advised to read the Information about “Limited Warranty”
as described on the following page.
Limited Warranty 0
Lucent Technologies extends a limited warranty from date of
purchase of:
■Thirty-six (36) months for WaveLAN hardware products
■Twelve (12) months for WavePOINT access points
Warranty Repair Card
Warranty Repair Card
Warranty-2 Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide
Upon proof-of-purchase Lucent Technologies shall at its option,
repair or replace the defective item at no cost to the buyer.
Defective items shall be returned to the dealer/distributor:
■Freight prepaid.
■Accompanied by a copy of proof-of-purchase.
■Accompanied by a filled out Warranty/Repair card.
This warranty is contingent upon proper use in the application for
which the products are intended and does not cover products
which have been modified without the seller’s approval or which
have been subjected to unusual physical or electrical demands or
damaged in any way.
NOTE:
THIS WARRANTY CONSTITUTES THE SOLE AND
EXCLUSIVE REMEDY OF ANY BUYER OR SELLER’S
EQUIPMENT AND THE SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE LIABILITY
OF LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES IN CONNECTION WITH
THE PRODUCTS AND IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER
WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY,
INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, ANY IMPLIED
WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OF FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR USE AND ALL OTHER OBLIGATIONS OR
LIABILITIES OF LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES.
Warranty Repair Card
Warranty-3 Outdoor Antenna Installation Guide
"
Reported Problem: Problem Description:
❑Out-of-Box Failure
❑Other
To be filled out by the User 0
Product Description :
COMCODE (Product ID) :
Serial Number:
Invoice Date: (dd/mm/yyyy)
Name
Title
Company
Address
City/State/Zipcode
Country
Telephone
Fax
Email
To be filled out by the Dealer/Distributor 0
Return Approval Reference:0
Dealer Name:
Address:
City/State/Zipcode:
Country:
Telephone:
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Warranty Comment 0
❑Yes
❑No