Alvarion Technologies DS11 Wireless LAN device User Manual 43501

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Document ID	43501
Application ID	49bCst2qRzD5Qbx9QJ3Irg==
Document Description	Users manual for outdoor model of EUT
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Document Type	User Manual
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Date Submitted	1999-06-22 00:00:00
Date Available	1999-09-08 00:00:00
Creation Date	2001-06-18 10:03:19
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Document Lastmod	2001-06-18 10:03:26
Document Title	Microsoft Word - 43501
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Document Author:	jsoscia

BreezeNET DS.11 Series
WBS-DS.11
WBC-DS.11
User's
Manual
May, 1999
Cat xxxxxxxx
Rev A
© 1999 by BreezeCOM Ltd. All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form without the written
permission of the copyright owner.
No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form without the written
permission of the copyright owner.
Trade Names
BreezeNET and BreezeLINK are trade names of BreezeCOM Ltd. Other brand and product
names are registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective companies.
Statement of Conditions
The information contained in this manual is subject to change without notice. BreezeCOM Ltd. shall not
be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the
furnishing, performance, or use of this manual or equipment supplied with it.
Warranty
In the following warranty text, “the Company” shall mean:
- BreezeCOM Inc., for products located in the USA.
- BreezeCOM Ltd., for products located outside the USA.
This BreezeNET product is warranted against defects in material and workmanship for a period of one
year. During this warranty period the Company will, at its option, either repair or replace products that
prove to be defective.
For warranty service or repair, the product must be returned to a service facility designated by the
Company. Authorization to return products must be obtained prior to shipment. The buyer shall pay all
shipping charges to the Company and the Company shall pay shipping charges to return the product to the
buyer.
The Company warrants that the firmware designed by it for use with the unit will execute its programming
instructions when properly installed on the unit. The Company does not warrant that the operation of the
unit or firmware will be uninterrupted or error-free.
Limitation of Warranty
The foregoing warranty shall not apply to defects resulting from improper or inadequate maintenance by
the buyer, buyer supplied interfacing, unauthorized modification or misuse, operation outside of the
environmental specifications for the product, or improper site preparation or maintenance. No other
warranty is expressed or implied. The Company specifically disclaims the implied warranties of
merchantability and fitness for any particular purpose.
Electronic Emission Notices
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules, ETSI 300-328, UL, UL/C, TUV/GS, and CE.
Operation is subject to the following two conditions:
1.
This device may not cause harmful interference.
2.
This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired
operation.
FCC Radio Frequency Interference Statement
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a class A digital device, pursuant
to Part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful
interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates,
uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the
instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment
in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to
correct the interference at his own expense.
FCC Radiation Exposure Statement
This equipment complies with FCC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment.
This equipment should be installed an operated with the minimum distance between your body and the
antenna as shown in the table below:
Low gain indoor antennas (≤6dBi)
4.5cm (1.8 inches)
High gain outdoor antennas (>6dBi)
30cm (12 inches)
Information to User
Any changes or modifications of equipment not expressly approved by the manufacturer could void the
user’s authority to operate the equipment and the company’s warranty.
Contacting BreezeCOM Technical Support
Should you need assistance beyond the scope of this guide, please contact your local BreezeCOM reseller
or distributor. If they cannot solve your problem, feel free to contact the BreezeCOM Technical Support
Department. The support representatives can assist you in solving any problems that cannot be solved by
your reseller.
When requesting support, please have the following items available:
•
Configuration of the system, including models of the BreezeCOM equipment used.
•
Antenna type and cable lengths.
•
Site information such as possible radio path problems (like trees, machines, and buildings).
•
Distance between devices.
•
Configuration, statistic counters, and error messages as seen on the monitor.
•
Description of problems encountered.
To contact BreezeCOM Technical Support, refer to the Technical Support page of the BreezeCOM web
site: www.breezecom.com
Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.
Introduction......................................................................................................... 1-1
1.1 How to Use This Guide...............................................................................................1-1
1.2 BreezeNET DS.11 Features ........................................................................................1-2
1.3 BreezNET DS.11 Compatibility and Standards..........................................................1-3
1.4 BreezeNET DS.11 Functional Description.................................................................1-3
1.4.1........................................................................................ Quick Review of Ethernet 1-3
1.4.2..........................................................................WBS-DS.11 Wireless Base Station 1-3
1.4.3........................................................................WBC-DS.11 Wireless Bridge Client 1-4
1.5 Where to Use DSSS ....................................................................................................1-4
2.
Installation .......................................................................................................... 2-6
2.1 Checking The LED Indicators ....................................................................................2-6
2.2 The Rear Panel ............................................................................................................2-7
2.3 Outdoor Installation Considerations ...........................................................................2-8
2.3.1...............................................................................................Site Selection Factors 2-8
2.3.2..................................................................................................Rooftop Installation 2-9
2.3.3......................................................................... Antennas for Outdoor Applications 2-10
2.3.4............................................................................................................ Antenna Seal 2-12
2.3.5................................................................................................................... Cell Size 2-12
2.3.6........................................................................................................... Link Distance 2-12
2.3.7................................................................................... Using Outdoor Range Tables 2-13
2.4 Precautions................................................................................................................2-14
2.4.1.....................................................................................................Transmit Antenna 2-14
2.4.2.................................................................................................Lightning Protection 2-14
2.4.3........................................................................................................... Rain Proofing 2-15
BreezeNET DS.11
User's Manual
Table of Contents
3.
System Troubleshooting ..................................................................................... 3-1
3.1 Troubleshooting Guide ...............................................................................................3-1
4.
BreezeNET Management Utility.......................................................................... 4-3
4.1 BreezeNET Management Utility Main Window ........................................................4-3
4.1.1............................................................................... Selecting IP Addresses of Units 4-4
4.1.2....................................................................................................The IP/SNMP Tab 4-5
4.1.3............................................................................................... The General Info Tab 4-7
4.1.4.....................................................................................The WLAN Parameters Tab 4-8
4.1.5............................................................................................................ The RSSI tab 4-9
4.1.6.....................................................................................................The Counters Tab 4-10
4.1.7...........................................................................................The Station Control Tab 4-11
4.1.8............................................................................................................. The Log Tab 4-12
4.1.9................................................................................................................Debug Info 4-13
4.2 Quick Start to Wireless Networking .........................................................................4-13
4.3 More about Cells.......................................................................................................4-14
5.
Software DownLoad Procedure ........................................................................ 5-15
6.
Technical specifications .................................................................................... 6-16
6.1 Supported Standards .................................................................................................6-16
6.2 Environmental ...........................................................................................................6-16
6.3 Power specifications .................................................................................................6-16
6.4 Radio specifications ..................................................................................................6-17
6.5 Specific features........................................................................................................6-17
6.6 Physical Dimensions .................................................................................................6-17
APPENDIX A. RADIO SIGNAL PROPAGATION .......................................................... 1
A.1 Radio Signal Propagation ...............................................................................................1
A.1.1 Introduction ..........................................................................................................1
A.1.2 RF Terms and Definitions....................................................................................2
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BreezeNET DS.11
Table of Figures
TABLE OF FIGURES
Figure 1-1. A Typical DS.11 Wireless Bridging Combined with FHSS WLAN Segments1-5
Figure 2-1. DS.11 LEDs ....................................................................................................2-6
Figure 2-2. DS.11 Rear Panel ............................................................................................2-7
Figure 4-1. BreezeCOM Manager Main Window (IP/SNMP Tab)...................................4-4
Figure 4-2. IP/SNMP Tab ..................................................................................................4-5
Figure 4-3. The Set IP Dialog Box ....................................................................................4-6
Figure 4-4. General Info Tab .............................................................................................4-7
Figure 4-5. WLAN Parameters Tab...................................................................................4-8
Figure 4-6. Counters Tab .................................................................................................4-10
Figure 4-7. The Station Control Tab................................................................................4-11
Figure 4-8. Log Tab .........................................................................................................4-12
Figure A-1. A Typical Radio System................................................................................A-1
Figure A-2. Attenuation of an RF signal ..........................................................................A-2
Figure A-3. Side View ......................................................................................................A-4
Figure A-4. Top View.......................................................................................................A-4
Figure A-5. Radiation Pattern of Directional Antenna.....................................................A-5
Figure A-6. Multipath Reception......................................................................................A-7
Figure A-7. Fresnel Zone..................................................................................................A-8
Figure A-8. Fresnel Zone Clear of Obstacles ...................................................................A-9
User's Manual
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BreezeNET DS.11
Introduction
1. INTRODUCTION
This chapter describes the main features of the BreezeNET DS.11 Wireless LAN,
which includes the following products:
•
WBS-DS.11 - Wireless Base Station
•
WBC-DS.11 - Wireless Bridge Client
Also in this chapter: relevant standards, compatibility issues, product functionality
and use of the DS (Direct Sequence) WLAN.
1.1 How to Use This Guide
This User's Manual contains instructions for overall planning and setting up your
wireless LAN, and provides details of how to install each unit, and how to install
antennas and accessories.
This manual contains the following chapters:
⇒ Chapter 1 Introduction – Explains how to use this manual and presents the
BreezeNET DS.11 series.
⇒ Chapter 2 Installation – Describes how to install the BreezeNET DS.11 series
units.
⇒ Chapter 3 System Troubleshooting - Contains a troubleshooting guide for
some of the more common problems which may occur when installing and
using the BreezeNET DS.11 products.
⇒ Chapter 4 Using the BreezeNET Management Utility – Describes how to
use the BreezeNET Management utility to setup, configure, and manage
BreezeNET DS.11 series units.
⇒ Chapter 5 Downloading Software Upgrades – Explains how to perform
future upgrades for BreezeNET DS.11 series units using a TFTP application.
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Introduction
⇒ Chapter 6 Technical Specifications - Lists the technical specifications for the
BreezeNET DS.11 series units.
⇒ Appendix A. Radio Signal Propagation - This section explains and simplifies
many of the terms relating to antennas and RF (Radio Frequency) used when
dealing with an RF installation system.
1.2 BreezeNET DS.11 Features
The following are the main features of the BreezeNET DS.11 series:
•
Rate - 11 Mbps with 5.5, 2, and 1 Mbps auto fallback rates.
•
LED Display – Power, Network Activity, and WLAN Load or Signal Quality
LEDs indicate the current status of the unit.
•
Upgrading – Simple, quick, and free software upgrades via TFTP.
•
Future-proof Investment – All “infrastructure” items in the DS.11 series line
offer Flash updates.
•
Management utility – This user-friendly application helps you quickly setup
and manage your WLAN. You can save the configuration to a file and import
the file to other stations for fast installation.
•
Easy Installation - The DS.11 series supports a true plug-and-play.
•
MIB support - The DS.11 series supports all major SNMP management
software: HP/OpenView, SUN NetManager, SNMPc.
•
Transmit Diversity - The DS.11 series supports a single or dual antennas
diversity.
•
Bridge Client Support - Remote bridge clients support is up to 15 miles
away. In addition, the DS.11 series supports up to 64 Bridge clients.
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BreezeNET DS.11
Introduction
1.3 BreezNET DS.11 Compatibility and Standards
•
IEEE 802.11 TGb Compliant – All BreezeNET DS.11 series units are fully
compliant with the final IEEE 802.11 specification for wireless LANs, and
thus support interoperability with other 802.11 compliant vendors.
•
Completely inter-operable with other 802.11 and 802.11 TGb products
•
Supports the common SNMP standard MIB groups and the 802.11 MIB
•
Uses the 2.4 Ghz ISM unlicensed band
1.4 BreezeNET DS.11 Functional Description
BreezeNET DS.11 units add wireless functionality to existing Ethernet LANs.
1.4.1 Quick Review of Ethernet
Standard Ethernet LAN stations are wired to a common bus. When one of the
stations sends a message, it assigns a destination address to the message and sends
the message on the bus. All stations on the bus “hear” the message, but only the
station with the proper address processes the message.
1.4.2 WBS-DS.11 Wireless Base Station
The WBS-DS.11 enables 802.11 access to 802.3 (Ethernet) and guarantees interstation communication.
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Introduction
1.4.3 WBC-DS.11 Wireless Bridge Client
The WBC-DS.11 wireless bridge client connects to a wired Ethernet LAN (hub).
When a station on the WBC-DS.11’s LAN sends a message that is not destined for
a local station, the WBC-DS.11 wirelessly forwards the message to the WBSDS.11. When the WBS-DS.11 receives a message destined for a station on the
WBC-DS.11's LAN, the WBS-DS.11 wirelessly forwards it to the WBC-DS.11. In
this manner, the WBC-DS.11 and the WBS-DS.11 work together like a standard
network bridge.
The first time each station on the WBC-DS.11’s LAN sends a message, the
station’s address is registered in the WBC-DS.11 and the WBS-DS.11. The WBCDS.11 and WBS-DS.11 can hold all the addresses necessary to support an entire
LAN connected to a WBC-DS.11.
1.5 Where to Use DSSS
DSSS technology (Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum) spreads a signal power over
22MHz bandwidth; the same frequency is used for each transmission. This provides
the DS.11 with a fast bit rate and long range links, ideal for outdoor bridging.
By using a directional antennas, spatial separation, and cross polarized
discrimination DS.11 can feed FH (Frequency Hopping) distribution points with no
performance loss.
Backbone links - Our DS.11 Bridge has low latency, which makes it ideal for
backbone links of the WLAN.
Data rates - The DS.11 is ideal for clients that need high sustained data rates or
high burst rates.
Long links - The DS.11 remote bridging capabilities enables it to support clients
up to 15 mile away.
Latency sensitivity - Use the DS.11 for applications that are sensitive to latency.
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Introduction
WBS-DS.11
AP-10
FHSS
SA-40
DSSS
FHSS
WBC-DS.11
SA-10
AP-10
SA-10
Figure 1-1. A Typical DS.11 Wireless Bridging Combined with FHSS WLAN Segments
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Installation
2. INSTALLATION
1. Mount the antenna (see BreezeNET User's Manual) and locate the WBS/C
accordingly.
2. Make sure the antennas are in a vertical position (if not, rotate over 90
degrees).
3. Insert the power connector.
4. Attach the Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cable to the Wireless Base Station.
5. Switch on the unit.
2.1 Checking The LED Indicators
Backbone
Traffic
Power &
Firmware
Status
Association/
Radio Traffic
Figure 2-1. DS.11 LEDs
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Installation
The following table lists the DS.11 LEDs and their diagnostics:
LED
Color
Explanation
Association/Radio Traffic
Backbone Traffic
Power & Firmware Status
Green
The server sends beacons immediately (10/s).
while the station is scanning; the LED blinks
irregularly until it is synchronized
Power & Firmware Status
Red
Firmware did not start. Power fault or wrong
firmware.
Backbone Traffic
Red
No network connection detected. Check that
the right cable is connected properly (crossed
or not crossed).
2.2 The Rear Panel
Reset button
Power switch
Power
connector
RJ 45
connector
Figure 2-2. DS.11 Rear Panel
To reset the unit press the Reset button. Configured parameters will not be
changed.
You can reset the unit’s settings to factory defaults by pushing a paper clip in the
little hole next to the Power switch while switching the unit on.
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Installation
2.3 Outdoor Installation Considerations
This chapter describes various considerations to take into account when planning
an outdoor installation. This includes site selection, antenna alignment, antenna
diversity, antenna polarization, antenna seal, and cell size.
2.3.1 Site Selection Factors
When selecting a location for external antennas, remember to take into
consideration the following guidelines:
•
Minimum distance between sites
•
Maximum height above the ground
•
Maximum line of sight clearance
•
Maximum separation between antennas (diversity option)
Path of Clearest Propagation
A propagation path is the path that signals traverse between the antennas of any
two bridges. The line between two antenna sites is an imaginary straight line which
may be drawn between the two antennas. Any obstacles in the path of the line
degrade the propagation path. The best propagation path is, therefore, a clear line of
sight with good clearance between the line and any physical obstacle.
Physical Obstacles
Any physical object in the path between two bridges can cause signal attenuation.
Common obstructions are buildings and trees. If a bridge’s antenna is installed
indoors, the walls and/or windows between the two sites are physical obstructions.
If the antenna is positioned outdoors, any buildings or other physical structure such
as trees, mountains or other natural geographic features higher than the antenna and
situated in the path between the two sites can constitute obstructions.
User's Manual
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BreezeNET DS.11
Installation
Install indoor antennas as close as possible to a window (or wall if a window is not
accessible) facing the required direction. Avoid metal obstacles such as metal
window frames or metal film anti-glare windows in the transmission path. Install
outdoor antennas high enough to avoid any obstacles which may block the signal.
Minimal Path Loss
Path loss is determined mainly by several factors:
•
Distance between sites - Path loss is lower and system performance better
when distances between sites are shorter.
•
Clearance - Path loss is minimized when there exists a clear line of sight. The
number, location, size, and makeup of obstacles determine their contribution
to path loss.
•
Antenna height - Path loss is lower when antennas are positioned higher.
Antenna height is the distance from the imaginary line connecting the antennas
at the two sites to ground level. Ground level in an open area is the actual
ground. In dense urban areas, ground level is the average height of the
buildings between the antenna sites.
2.3.2 Rooftop Installation
Note:
Rooftop antenna installations are extremely dangerous! Incorrect installation
may result in death, serious injury and/or damage. Such installations should be
performed by professional antenna installers only!
Rooftop installations offer several advantages:
•
Increased antenna range.
•
Less obstacles in path.
•
Improved performance due to greater height.
•
Reduced multipath problems.
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Installation
2.3.3 Antennas for Outdoor Applications
The BreezeNET DS.11 series can be used in point-to-point or point-to-multipoint
configurations.
2.3.3.1 Point-to-Point
A point-to-point link is based on the use of one Access Point with external antennas
(WBS-DS.11) and one adapter. The DS.11 and the WBC-DS.11 must be equipped
with one or two directional antennas. The necessary antenna gain depends on the
required range and performance.
2.3.3.2 Point-to-Multipoint
Setting up a point-to-multipoint link requires the use of an WBS-DS.11 equipped
with omni-directional antennas and a remote WBC-DS.11 equipped with high-gain
directional antennas.
2.3.3.3 Antenna Alignment
Low gain antennas do not require alignment due to their very wide radiation
pattern. High gain antennas have a narrow beamwidth necessitating an alignment
procedure in order to optimize the link.
Check antenna alignment by using the LED indicators on the front panel of
whichever adapter is used in the link. These LED indicators provide indication of
reception quality.
⇒
To perform antenna alignment:
1. Assemble antennas according to the assembly instructions included with the
antenna set.
2. Mount the antennas as high as possible.
3. Connect the coaxial cable to the WBS-DS.11 at the main site.
4. Connect the coaxial cable to the WBC-DS.11 at the remote site.
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Installation
5. Power on both units.
6. Synchronize the units by aligning the antennas manually until the
Association/Radio Traffic indicator LED on the front panel of the wireless
Bridge and/or Station Adapter illuminates.
7. Align antennas at the main and remote sites until maximum signal quality is
obtained.
If the received signal quality is lower than expected for this antenna/range
combination, change antenna height and verify RF cables connections.
2.3.3.4 Antenna Diversity
In applications where no multipath propagation is expected, a single antenna is
sufficient to ensure good performance levels. However, in cases where multipath
propagation exists, BreezeCOM recommends that two antennas be used. This takes
advantage of space diversity capabilities. By using two antennas per unit, the
system can select the best antenna on a per-packet basis (every several
milliseconds).
Multipath propagation is to be expected when there are potential reflectors between
the main and remote sites. These reflectors may be buildings or moving objects
such as airplanes and motor vehicles. If this is the case, the radio signal does not
travel in a straight line, but is reflected or deflected off of the object, creating
multiple propagation paths.
When installing a single antenna, modify the transmit diversity option to either
antenna 1 or antenna 2, according to the antenna being used (refer to Section 4.1.4).
2.3.3.5 Antenna Polarization
Antenna polarization must be the same at either end of the link. In most
applications, the preferred orientation is vertical polarization. Above-ground
propagation of the signal is better when it is polarized vertically. To verify antenna
polarization, refer to the assembly instructions supplied with the antenna set.
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User’s Guide
Installation
2.3.4 Antenna Seal
When using outdoor antennas, you must seal the antenna connectors against rain.
Otherwise the antennas are not suitable for use in outdoor installations.
2.3.5 Cell Size
Cell size is determined by the maximum possible distance between the Access
Point and the Bridge unit, usually related to point-to-multipoint installations using
external antennas. For open outdoor areas with an unobstructed line of sight
between the Access Point and the BreezeNET DS.11 Bridge, the suggested
maximum distance between Access Point and Bridge is: Standard WBS-DS.11
700m (2000 ft.)
2.3.6 Link Distance
Link distance is the maximum distance between the WBS-DS.11 and the station
adapter, usually related to point-to-point installations using external antennas. For
open outdoor areas with an unobstructed line of sight between the WBS and the
wireless bridge, the suggested maximum distance is 15 miles.
Note: The maximum distance of 15 miles is achieved using 24 dBi antennas.
For range tables, refer to Section 2.3.7.
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Installation
2.3.7 Using Outdoor Range Tables
Outdoor installations must have a clear line-of-sight. Solid obstacles such as
buildings or hills prevent the establishment of a link. Partial obstacles such as trees
or traffic can reduce range. Extending coaxial cables can cause an increase in
assembly signal loss and a reduction in range.
The ranges in the following tables are attained under good propagating conditions
when using the standard cables supplied in the antenna set. Actual ranges may vary
due to specific multipath and interference conditions.
For specific range guidelines and information about extending cables, consult your
local dealer or BreezeCOM central offices.
Omni-8
Uni-9
Uni-13
Uni-16
Uni-24
Omni-8
1.5
1.6
Uni-9
1.6
1.7
2.5
Uni-13
2.5
3.5
4.5
Uni-16
4.5
Uni-24
15
Distances shown are in Miles.
WARNING: It is the responsibility of the professional installer to ensure that
when using the outdoor antenna kits in the United States (or where FCC rules
apply), only these antenna configurations shown in the table above are used. The
use of any antenna other than those listed is expressly forbidden in accordance to
FCC rules CFR47 part 15.204.
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Installation
2.4 Precautions
Note:
Detached antennas, whether installed indoors or out, should be installed
ONLY by experienced antenna installation professionals who are familiar with
local building and safety codes and, wherever applicable, are licensed by the
appropriate government regulatory authorities.
Failure to do so may void the BreezeNET Product Warranty and may expose
the end user to legal and financial liabilities. BreezeCOM and its resellers or
distributors are not liable for injury, damage or violation of government
regulations associated with the installation of detached antennas.
2.4.1 Transmit Antenna
Regulations regarding maximum antenna gains vary from country to country. It is
the responsibility of the end user to operate within the limits of these regulations
and to ensure that the professional installer is aware of these regulations, as well.
The FCC in the United States and ETSI in Europe limit effective transit power to
36dBm (USA) and 20dBm (Europe). The maximum total assembly gain of
antennas and cables in this case equals 19dBi (USA) and 3dBi (Europe).
2.4.2 Lightning Protection
Lightning protection is designed to protect people, property and equipment by
providing a path to ground for the lightning’s energy. The lightning arrestor diverts
the strike energy to ground through a deliberate and controlled path instead of
allowing it to choose a random path. Lightning protection for a building is more
forgiving than protection of electronic devices. A building can withstand up to
100,000 volts, but electronic equipment may be damaged by just a few volts.
Lightning protection entails connecting an antenna discharge unit (also called an
arrestor) to each cable as close as possible to the point where it enters the building.
It also entails proper grounding of the arrestors and of the antenna mast (if the
antenna is connected to one).
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Installation
The lightning arrestor should be installed and grounded at the point where the cable
enters the building. The arrestor is connected to the unit at one end and to the
antenna at the other end.
The professional installer you choose must be knowledgeable about lightning
protection. The installer must install the lightning protector in a way that
maximizes lightning protection. BreezeCOM offers the following high-quality
lightning arrestor assembly:
BreezeNET AL 1 Lightning Arrestor - Part No. 872905 5 ft (1.5m), N Male to N
Female.
2.4.3 Rain Proofing
12, 18, and 24 dBi antennas must be sealed against rain at the point the cable enters
the pole before they are suitable for external use.
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System Troubleshooting
3. SYSTEM TROUBLESHOOTING
The following troubleshooting guide provides answers to some of the more
common problems which may occur when installing and using BreezeNET PRO.11
Series products. If problems not mentioned in this guide should arise, checking the
Ethernet and WLAN counters may help (see Section Error! Reference source not
found.). If the problem persists, please feel free to contact your local distributor or
the BreezeCOM Technical Support Department.
3.1 Troubleshooting Guide
Problem and Indication
No Power to Unit. Power
LED is off.
Possible Cause
1. Verify power cord is properly connected
to the BreezeNET unit and to the power
outlet.
1. Power cord is not
properly connected.
2. Power supply is
defective.
Failure to establish wireless
link. Association LED is off
and unit resets every few
minutes.
Corrective Action
2. If this is not the cause, replace the power
supply.
1. Power supply to units
may be faulty
2. The units may not have
the same ESSID as the
AP-10.
1. Verify power to units.
2. Verify that all units in the network have
the same ESSID as the AP (ESSID must be
identical in all units in the network):
Verify wireless link:
Set WBS-DS.11 and Bridge unit side by
side.
Power on each unit and see if a wireless link
is established (even “D” models without
their external antennas should establish a
link if placed side by side with the WBSDS.11).
If the units fail to associate, reset units to
factory default values reset unit (see Section
2.2). The units should now establish a
wireless link.
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System Troubleshooting
Problem and Indication
Failure to establish wireless
link (“D” models/external
antennas)
Possible Cause
1. Power supply to units
may be faulty.
2. Cables may be
improperly connected
3. There may be some
problem with antenna
installation.
Corrective Action
1. Verify power to units.
2. Verify that all cables are connected
securely.
3. Refer to previous Section and verify
wireless link between the units.
4. Verify that the antenna(s) are properly
installed (see relevant Section in this
manual):
Check antenna alignment.
Verify that antenna polarization is the same
at both ends.
Verify that the range matches specifications.
Verify line-of-sight/antenna
alignment/antenna height.
Wireless link established,
but there is no Ethernet
activity (WBS-DS.11 and
WBC-DS.11 units).
1. Ethernet hub port or
UTP cable is faulty.
2. Ethernet port in unit is
faulty.
1. Check that the Association LED is on and
solid at the hub port. If this is not the case,
the port is inactive. Try another port on the
hub or another UTP cable.
2. Verify that Ethernet port in unit is
working. Ping unit to verify Ethernet
connection.
3. Verify that you are using a cross-over
UTP cable (pins 1 & 3, 2 & 6) if connected
directly to workstation, or a straight-through
cable if connected to a hub.
4. Check ETHR LED indicator in unit and
Ethernet counters in Monitor to verify
Ethernet activity (see Section 4.1.5).
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BreezeNET Management Utility
4. BREEZENET MANAGEMENT UTILITY
The BreezeNET DS.11 is an SNMP-based (Simple Network Management Protocol)
management utility that provides a consistent view of the wireless network.
The systems administrator can use the management utility to control a large number
of DS.11 Access Points from a single location.
Among the supported features:
•
Assign radio channels for optimal cell management
•
Program an Access Point with a specified IP address
•
Set the SNMP Write Community strings
•
Verify the status of all Access Points in the network
•
Perform a site survey
•
Antenna selection
•
Configuration of parameters
4.1 BreezeNET Management Utility Main Window
The BreezeNET Management utility main window consists of two main areas:
•
The IP and Community Selection area - In this area, you select the
community string and address of the unit you wish to manage or edit.
•
The Tab area - This area consists of five tabs containing parameter required
for the management of the WLAN. When you switch between the tabs, the IP
Selection area with the selected unit address, remains displayed.
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BreezeNET Management Utility
Tabs area
Community and
IP address
selection area
Figure 4-1. BreezeCOM Manager Main Window (IP/SNMP Tab)
4.1.1 Selecting IP Addresses of Units
You can select a unit's IP address in one of the following ways:
•
Click the
button. All the current units IP addresses
(under the selected community) are displayed in the list box below. Doubleclick on an address to select it.
•
For stations which are located behind a router, type the unit's address in the
to display its parameters.
Locate unit field and click
•
Signal Quality bar - This bar appears only if the selected IP address is a
WBC-DS.11 unit, and displays the signal quality between the selected Bridge
unit and the WBS-DS.11 unit connected to it.
If the selected IP address is a WBC-DS.11 you can view its signal quality in
the RSSI tab.
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BreezeNET Management Utility
Note:
If you select an IP address of a WBS-DS.11 unit, the signal quality is displayed
in the Signal Quality tab. This tab displays a table that lists all the MAC
addresses, connected to that AP, and their signal quality.
When the community is Read the parameters are grayed out (disabled).
4.1.2 The IP/SNMP Tab
All BreezeNET DS.11 units contain IP Host software. This software is used for
testing the unit for SNMP management functions (and for downloading software
upgrades using the TFTP protocol).
Figure 4-2. IP/SNMP Tab
The IP/SNMP tab allows you to define or edit IP parameters for the DS.11 units.
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BreezeNET Management Utility
4.1.2.1
Assigning and Editing IP Parameters Using the Network
Autodiscovery
1. Type the known Read/Write Community string in the Community field (the
default string is Private).
2. Select a unit address as describe in Section 4.1.1. The unit's Read-Read/Write
Community strings appear in the SNMP Communities area of the window, and
the unit's parameters appear in the IP Parameters area of the window:
•
Read - The read only community string of the unit.
•
Read/Write - The read/write community string of the unit.
•
IP Address - The IP address of the selected unit.
•
Subnet musk -The Subnet mask of the selected unit.
•
Default gateway - The Default gateway of the selected unit.
3. Click
to apply configuration
4.1.2.2 Assigning and Editing IP Addresses Manually
1. Click the
button. The Set IP dialog box is displayed.
Figure 4-3. The Set IP Dialog Box
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BreezeNET Management Utility
2. Type the parameters in the appropriate fields and click OK. A message box is
displayed notifying you when the changes to take affect.
4.1.3 The General Info Tab
The General Info tab displays general information regarding the unit's firmware and
hardware versions, and general unit address information.
Figure 4-4. General Info Tab
•
Firmware - the current firmware version.
•
Hardware - the current hardware version.
•
System Name - the name of the selected unit.
•
Location - location of the selected unit.
•
MAC Address - MAC address of the selected unit.
•
BSS Address - BSS address of the selected unit.
Note:
You can select unit's address in the same way you have selected addresses in
the IP/SNMP tab (i.e., selecting the address from the list, or typing it directly.
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BreezeNET Management Utility
4.1.4 The WLAN Parameters Tab
Figure 4-5. WLAN Parameters Tab
1. Set the ESS ID of the WLAN.
2. Select a channel.
3. Set Antenna diversity to Antenna No. 1, No. 2, or both.
4. Set the desired bit rate. For maximum bit rate support, check both 5.5 Mbps
and 11 Mbps.
Note:
The 1 Mbps and 2 Mbps bit rates are checked by default.
In case of interference, the BreezeNET Management utility automatically falls
back to the lower bit rate.
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BreezeNET Management Utility
4.1.5 The RSSI tab
This tab allows you to view signal quality of WBC units and the associated
stations.
Select an IP address as explained previously in Section 4.1.1.
In the Associated Stations you can see all the stations associated with the selected
unit and their signal quality.
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BreezeNET Management Utility
4.1.6 The Counters Tab
Figure 4-6. Counters Tab
Select a counter and drag it to the graph
icon to view the graph.
•
Transmit Fragment - The total number of transmitted frames. The count
includes data, control and management frames and also the number of
retransmissions of data frames (for example, if the same data frame is
retransmitted ten times then the count will increase ten times). In a point-topoint application, this counter should relatively correspond to the number of
bad fragments received on the other side.
•
Tx Frame Count - The number of frames transmitted to the wireless media.
The count includes the first transmission of data frames (without
retransmissions), and also the number of control and management frames.
•
Rx Fragments - The total number of frames received, including data, control,
and duplicate data frames.
•
Multicast Rx -
•
Multicast Tx -
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BreezeNET Management Utility
4.1.7 The Station Control Tab
Figure 4-7. The Station Control Tab
Station Control - Click the
settings.
button to revert back to the factory default
Configuration - Click Import/Export to import or export a complete set of
configuration parameters to an external file.
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BreezeNET Management Utility
4.1.8 The Log Tab
Figure 4-8. Log Tab
When an event occurs, a trap is sent to the defined host address. The Log tab allows
you to configure the host address to which the traps are sent.
A list of the last traps is displayed in the event log area, below the Local IP field.
The default host address is the IP address of the PC running the BreezeNET
Management utility.
1. Select the IP address as explained earlier. the selected address appears in the
Local IP field.
2. Click the
button to register this address as the host address.
3. Repeat Step 2 for all the IP addresses you wish to send traps to.
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BreezeNET Management Utility
4.1.9 Debug Info
This option allows you to create a log file, named BreezeLog.log. Later you can
send this log file to BreezeCOM Technical Support and receive help based on the
information recorded in this file.
To start recording, open the Debug Info option and select Start Log.
When you finish recording (usually after 24 hours) select Stop Log and send the
file to BreezeCOM Technical Support representatives.
4.2 Quick Start to Wireless Networking
Perform the following steps to configure a WLAN for the first time:
1. Physically connect the Access Points to the Ethernet LAN. Make sure they are
switched on. The DS.11 wireless network will be up and running immediately.
If you are content with the default settings of the Access Points, you can stop
right here. It is more likely however, that you want to assign different radio
frequencies to each Access Point, or impose some restrictions on the use of
your wireless network.
2. To be able to manage the Access Points via SNMP, every Access Point needs a
unique IP address. If you provide a DHCP or BOOTP service on your LAN
(and have sufficient free IP addresses available) this will be taken care of
automatically. If not, refer to Section 4.1.2.2 for further information on
assigning IP addresses.
3. Use the BreezeNET Management utility to configure the Network Settings to
reflect your situation.
4. Select the radio channels of the Access Points according to your cell plan. See
Section 4.1.4 for further information. Add descriptive information about each
Access Point for later reference.
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BreezeNET Management Utility
4.3 More about Cells
Each Access Point in the network forms the center of a cell, or BSS. The Cells
should overlap slightly to guarantee seamless wireless connectivity everywhere.
Neighboring Access Points should preferably send and receive on different
channels for maximum throughput.
Creating a cell plan for your site can be complicated, and is usually done by experts
employing special measuring equipment.
Furthermore, the radio channels you may use depend on both the capabilities of the
PC-Cards you are deploying, as well as the regulations in your area.
The following table provides specifications for the main regulatory domains:
Regulatory
Domain
4.8.1.1 Area
Permissible
Channels
Predefined channels
FCC
United States
1 – 11
1, 6, 11
DOC
Canada
1 – 11
1, 6, 11
ETSI
Europe except
Spain and
France
1 – 13
1, 7, 13
SPAIN
Spain
10
10
FRANCE
France
10
10
MKK
Japan
14
14
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Software DownLoad Procedure
5. SOFTWARE DOWNLOAD PROCEDURE
1. Set the unit's IP address, using the BreezeCOM Manager utility, and verify that
the PC's IP address belongs to the same Subnet Mask as the unit.
2. Ping the unit's IP address. Make sure that the Ping replies are being received.
3. Use the TFTP utility on the PC:
a) Syntax: TFTP [-i] destination host [PUT] source file [password]
b) Example: TFTP -i 199.203.141.30 put ap1100.arm private
Download will be completed within 1 minute, and a message of successful file
transfer will show on the screen.
4. Click OK; the unit resets itself.
5. Check the diagnostics LEDs, and use the BreezeNET Management utility to
make sure that the version number is correct.
Note:
Do not disconnect any cables or try to stop the process before downloading is
completed.
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Technical specifications
6. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
6.1 Supported Standards
•
Compliant with ETS 300 328 and ETS 300 826 (CE marked)
•
IEEE 802.11 standard for Wireless LAN
•
All major networking standards (including IP, IPX)
6.2 Environmental
Operating temperature (ambient)
0°C to 55°C (32°F to 131°F)
Storage temperature
-5°C to 70°C (23°F to 158°F)
Operating humidity
10% to 90% (non-condensing)
Storage humidity
5% to 95% (non-condensing)
6.3 Power specifications
DC power supply
In 230 VAC 50 Hz 150 mA
Out 9 VDC 1.3 A
WBS-DS.11 Access Point
In 9 VDC 1 A
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Technical specifications
6.4 Radio specifications
Range
outdoors up to 15 miles
Transmit power
+18 dBm
+2 dBm (Low power for use with high gain antenna)
Frequency range
2.4-2.4835 Ghz, direct sequence spread spectrum
Number of
Channels
Europe:13 (3 non-overlapping)
US:
11 (3 non-overlapping)
France: 4 (1 non-overlapping)
6.5 Specific features
Supported bit rates
Utility Software
•
11 Mbps
•
5.5 Mbps
•
2 Mbps
•
1Mbps
DS11 BreezeNET Management utility
6.6 Physical Dimensions
Size
180 x 220 x 40 mm
Weight
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Appendix A. Radio Signal Propagation
APPENDIX A. RADIO SIGNAL PROPAGATION
A.1 Radio Signal Propagation
A.1.1 Introduction
This section explains and simplifies many of the terms relating to antennas and RF
(Radio Frequency) used when dealing with an RF installation system.
The following diagram depicts a typical radio system:
Figure A-1. A Typical Radio System
A radio system transmits information to the transmitter. The information is
transmitted through an antenna which converts the RF signal into an
electromagnetic wave. The transmission medium for electromagnetic wave
propagation is free space.
The electromagnetic wave is intercepted by the receiving antenna which converts it
back to an RF signal. Ideally, this RF signal is the same as that originally generated
by the transmitter. The original information is then demodulated back to its original
form.
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Appendix A. Radio Signal Propagation
A.1.2 RF Terms and Definitions
dB
The dB convention is an abbreviation for decibels. It shows the relationship
between two values.
RF Power Level
RF power level at either the transmitter output or the receiver input is expressed in
Watts. It can also be expressed in dBm. The relation between dBm and Watts can
be expressed as follows:
PdBm = 10 x Log Pmw
For example: 1 Watt = 1000 mW; PdBm = 10 x Log 1000 = 30 dBm
100 mW; PdBm = 10 x Log 100 = 20 dBm
For link budget calculations, the dBm convention is more convenient than the
Watts convention.
Attenuation
Attenuation (fading) of an RF signal is defined as follows:
Figure A-2. Attenuation of an RF signal
Pin is the incident power level at the attenuated input
Pout is the output power level at the attenuated output
Attenuation is expressed in dB as follows: PdB = -10 x Log (Pout/Pin)
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Appendix A. Radio Signal Propagation
For example: If, due to attenuation, half the power is lost (Pout/Pin = 1/2),
attenuation in dB is -10 x Log (1/2) = 3dB
Path Loss
Loss of power of an RF signal traveling (propagating) through space. It is
expressed in dB. Path loss depends on:
•
The distance between transmitting and receiving antennas
•
Line of sight clearance between the receiving and transmitting antennas
•
Antenna height
Free Space Loss
Attenuation of the electromagnetic wave while propagating through space. This
attenuation is calculated using the following formula:
Free space loss = 32.4 + 20xLog(FMhz) + 20xLog(RKm)
F is the RF frequency expressed in Mhz.
R is the distance between the transmitting and receiving antennas.
At 2.4 Ghz, this formula is: 100+20xLog(RKm)
Antenna Characteristics
Isotropic Antenna
A hypothetical antenna having equal radiation intensity in all directions. Used as a
zero dB gain reference in directivity calculation (gain).
Antenna Gain
A measure of directivity. It is defined as the ratio of the radiation intensity in a
given direction to the radiation intensity that would be obtained if the power
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Appendix A. Radio Signal Propagation
accepted by the antenna was radiated equally in all directions (isotropically).
Antenna gain is expressed in dBi.
Radiation Pattern
A graphical representation in either polar or rectangular coordinates of the spatial
energy distribution of an antenna.
Side Lobes
The radiation lobes in any direction other than that of the main lobe.
Omni-directional Antenna
Radiates and receives equally in all directions in azimuth. The following diagram
shows the radiation pattern of an omni-directional antenna with its side lobes in
polar form.
Figure A-3. Side View
Figure A-4. Top View
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Appendix A. Radio Signal Propagation
Directional Antenna
Radiates and receives most of the signal power in one direction. The following
diagram shows the radiation pattern of a directional antenna with its side lobes in
polar form:
Figure A-5. Radiation Pattern of Directional Antenna
Antenna Beamwidth
The directiveness of a directional antenna. Defined as the angle between two halfpower (-3 dB) points on either side of the main lobe of radiation.
System Characteristics
Receiver Sensitivity
The minimum RF signal power level required at the input of a receiver for certain
performance (e.g. BER).
EIRP (Effective Isotropic Radiated Power)
The antenna transmitted power. Equal to the transmitted output power minus cable
loss plus the transmitting antenna gain.
Pout Output power of transmitted in dBm
CtTransmitter cable attenuation in dB
GtTransmitting antenna gain in dBi
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Appendix A. Radio Signal Propagation
GrReceiving antenna gain in dBi
PlPath loss in dB
CrReceiver cable attenuation is dB
SiReceived power level at receiver input in dBm
PsReceiver sensitivity is dBm
Si = Pout - Ct + Gt - Pl + Gr - Cr
EIRP = Pout - Ct + Gt
Example:
Link Parameters:
Frequency: 2.4 Ghz
Pout = 4 dBm (2.5 mW)
Tx and Rx cable length (Ct and Cr) = 10 m. cable type RG214 (0.6 dB/meter)
Tx and Rx antenna gain (Gt and Gr) = 18 dBi
Distance between sites = 3 Km
Receiver sensitivity (Ps) = -84 dBm
Link Budget Calculation
EIRP = Pout - Ct + Gt = 16 dBm
Pl = 32.4 + 20xLog(FMhz) + 20xLog(RKm) ≅ 110 dB
Si = EIRP - Pl + Gr - Cr = -82 dBm
In conclusion, the received signal power is above the sensitivity threshold, so the
link should work. The problem is that there is only a 2 dB difference between
received signal power and sensitivity. Normally, a higher margin is desirable due to
fluctuation in received power as a result of signal fading.
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Appendix A. Radio Signal Propagation
Signal Fading
Fading of the RF signal is caused by several factors:
•
Multipath
The transmitted signal arrives at the receiver from different directions, with different path lengths, attenuation and delays. The summed signal at the receiver may
result in an attenuated signal.
Figure A-6. Multipath Reception
Bad Line of Sight
An optical line of sight exists if an imaginary straight line can connect the antennas
on either side of the link.
Radio wave clear line of sight exists if a certain area around the optical line of sight
(Fresnel zone) is clear of obstacles. A bad line of sight exists if the first Fresnel
zone is obscured.
•
Link Budget Calculations
•
Weather conditions (Rain, wind, etc.)
At high rain intensity (150 mm/hr), the fading of an RF signal at 2.4 GHz may
reach a maximum of 0.02 dB/Km
Wind may cause fading due to antenna motion
•
Interference
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Appendix A. Radio Signal Propagation
Interference may be caused by another system on the same frequency range,
external noise, or some other co-located system.
The Line of Sight Concept
An optical line of sight exists if an imaginary straight line can be drawn connecting
the antennas on either side of the link.
Clear Line of Sight
A clear line of sight exists when no physical objects obstruct viewing one antenna
from the location of the other antenna.
A radio wave clear line of sight exists if a defined area around the optical line of
sight (Fresnel Zone) is clear of obstacles.
Fresnel Zone
The Fresnel zone is the area of a circle around the line of sight.
The Fresnel Zone is defined as follows:
Figure A-7. Fresnel Zone
R = ½ √ (λxD)
R: radius of the first Fresnel zone
λ: wavelength
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Appendix A. Radio Signal Propagation
D: distance between sites
Figure A-8. Fresnel Zone Clear of Obstacles
When at least 80% of the first Fresnel Zone is clear of obstacles, propagation loss
is equivalent to that of free space.
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