Alvarion Technologies DS11 Wireless LAN device User Manual outdoor users guide

Alvarion Ltd. Wireless LAN device outdoor users guide

outdoor users guide

BreezeNET DS.11 SeriesWBS-DS.11WBC-DS.11User'sManualPreliminaryAugust, 1999Rev B
© 1999 by BreezeCOM Ltd. All rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form without the writtenpermission of the copyright owner.Trade NamesBreezeNET and BreezeLINK are trade names of BreezeCOM Ltd. Other brand and productnames are registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective companies.Statement of ConditionsThe information contained in this manual is subject to change without notice. BreezeCOM Ltd. shall notbe liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with thefurnishing, performance, or use of this manual or equipment supplied with it.WarrantyIn the following warranty text, “the Company” shall mean: - BreezeCOM Inc., for products located in the USA. - BreezeCOM Ltd., for products located outside the USA.This BreezeNET product is warranted against defects in material and workmanship for a period of oneyear. During this warranty period the Company will, at its option, either repair or replace products thatprove to be defective.For warranty service or repair, the product must be returned to a service facility designated by theCompany. Authorization to return products must be obtained prior to shipment. The buyer shall pay allshipping charges to the Company and the Company shall pay shipping charges to return the product to thebuyer.The Company warrants that the firmware designed by it for use with the unit will execute its programminginstructions when properly installed on the unit. The Company does not warrant that the operation of theunit or firmware will be uninterrupted or error-free.Limitation of WarrantyThe foregoing warranty shall not apply to defects resulting from improper or inadequate maintenance bythe buyer, buyer supplied interfacing, unauthorized modification or misuse, operation outside of theenvironmental specifications for the product, or improper site preparation or maintenance. No otherwarranty is expressed or implied. The Company specifically disclaims the implied warranties ofmerchantability and fitness for any particular purpose.
Electronic Emission NoticesThis device complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules, ETSI 300-328, UL, UL/C, TUV/GS, and CE.Operation is subject to the following two conditions:1. This device may not cause harmful interference.2. This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesiredoperation.FCC Radio Frequency Interference StatementThis equipment has been tested and found to comply within the limits for a class A digital device,pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection againstharmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipmentgenerates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance withthe instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of thisequipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will berequired to correct the interference at his own expense.FCC Radiation Exposure StatementThis equipment complies with FCC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment.This equipment should be installed and operated with the minimum distance between your body and theantenna as shown in the table below:Low gain indoor antennas (≤6dBi) 20cm (8 inches)High gain outdoor antennas (>6dBi) 30cm (12 inches)Professional Installer (Antennas)WARNING: It is the responsibility of the installer to ensure that when using the outdoor antenna kitsin the United States (or where FCC rules apply), only those antennas certified with the product are used.The use of any antenna other than those certified with the product is expressly forbidden in accordance toFCC rules CFR47 part 15.204.The indoor antennas use a unique connector and do not require professional installation.Information to UserAny changes or modifications of equipment not expressly approved by the manufacturer could void theuser’s authority to operate the equipment and the company’s warranty.
Contacting BreezeCOM Technical SupportShould you need assistance beyond the scope of this guide, please contact your local BreezeCOM reselleror distributor. If they cannot solve your problem, feel free to contact the BreezeCOM Technical SupportDepartment. The support representatives can assist you in solving any problems that cannot be solved byyour reseller.When requesting support, please have the following items available:• Configuration of the system, including models of the BreezeCOM equipment used.• Antenna type and cable lengths.• Site information such as possible radio path problems (like trees, machines, and buildings).• Distance between devices.• Configuration, statistic counters, and error messages as seen on the monitor.• Description of problems encountered.To contact BreezeCOM Technical Support, refer to the Technical Support page of the BreezeCOM website: www.breezecom.com
Table of ContentsBreezeNET DS.11 v User's ManualTABLE OF CONTENTS1 Introduction......................................................................................................... 1-11.1 How to Use This Guide...............................................................................................1-11.2 BreezeNET DS.11 Features........................................................................................1-21.3 BreezNET DS.11 Compatibility and Standards..........................................................1-31.4 BreezeNET DS.11 Functional Description.................................................................1-31.4.1 Quick Review of Ethernet..................................................................................1-31.4.2 WBS-DS.11 Wireless Base Station ...................................................................1-31.4.3 WBC-DS.11 Wireless Bridge Client .................................................................1-41.5 Where to Use DSSS....................................................................................................1-42 Installation .......................................................................................................... 2-62.1 Checking The LED Indicators ....................................................................................2-62.2 The Rear Panel............................................................................................................2-72.3 Outdoor Installation Considerations...........................................................................2-82.3.1 Site Selection Factors.........................................................................................2-82.3.2 Rooftop Installation ...........................................................................................2-92.3.3 Antennas for Outdoor Applications.................................................................2-102.3.4 Antenna Seal ....................................................................................................2-122.3.5 Cell Size...........................................................................................................2-122.3.6 Link Distance...................................................................................................2-122.3.7 Using Outdoor Range Tables...........................................................................2-132.4 Precautions................................................................................................................2-142.4.1 Transmit Antenna.............................................................................................2-142.4.2 Lightning Protection ........................................................................................2-142.4.3 Rain Proofing...................................................................................................2-15
Table of ContentsUser's Manual vi BreezeNET DS.113 System Troubleshooting ..................................................................................... 3-13.1 Troubleshooting Guide ...............................................................................................3-14 BreezeNET Management Utility.......................................................................... 4-34.1 BreezeNET Management Utility Main Window........................................................4-34.1.1 Selecting Units...................................................................................................4-44.1.2 IP/SNMP Tab.....................................................................................................4-64.1.3 General Info Tab................................................................................................4-94.1.4 WLAN Parameters Tab....................................................................................4-104.1.5 RSSI Tab..........................................................................................................4-114.1.6 Counters Tab....................................................................................................4-124.1.7 Station Control Tab..........................................................................................4-134.1.8 Log Tab............................................................................................................4-144.1.9 Debug Info(rmation) ........................................................................................4-154.2 Quick Start to Wireless Networking.........................................................................4-154.3 More about Cells.......................................................................................................4-165 Software DownLoad Procedure ........................................................................ 5-176 Technical specifications.................................................................................... 6-186.1 Supported Standards .................................................................................................6-186.2 Environmental...........................................................................................................6-186.3 Power specifications .................................................................................................6-186.4 Radio specifications..................................................................................................6-196.5 Specific features........................................................................................................6-196.6 Physical Dimensions.................................................................................................6-19APPENDIX A. RADIO SIGNAL PROPAGATION.......................................................... 1A.1 Radio Signal Propagation ...............................................................................................1A.1.1 Introduction..........................................................................................................1A.1.2 RF Terms and Definitions....................................................................................2
IntroductionBreezeNET PRO.11 Series 1-1 User’s Guide1 INTRODUCTIONThis chapter describes the main features of the BreezeNET DS.11 Wireless LAN,which includes the following products:• WBS-DS.11 - Wireless Base Station• WBC-DS.11 - Wireless Bridge ClientAlso in this chapter: relevant standards, compatibility issues, product functionalityand use of the DS (Direct Sequence) WLAN.1.1 How to Use This GuideThis User's Manual contains instructions for overall planning and setting up yourwireless LAN, and provides details of how to install each unit, and how to installantennas and accessories.This manual contains the following chapters: Chapter 1 Introduction – Explains how to use this manual and presents theBreezeNET DS.11 series. Chapter 2 Installation – Describes how to install the BreezeNET DS.11 seriesunits. Chapter 3 System Troubleshooting - Contains a troubleshooting guide forsome of the more common problems which may occur when installing andusing the BreezeNET DS.11 products. Chapter 4 Using the BreezeNET Management Utility – Describes how touse the BreezeNET Management utility to setup, configure, and manageBreezeNET DS.11 series units. Chapter 5 Downloading Software Upgrades – Explains how to performfuture upgrades for BreezeNET DS.11 series units using a TFTP application.
IntroductionUser's Manual 1-2 BreezeNET DS.11 Chapter 6 Technical Specifications - Lists the technical specifications for theBreezeNET DS.11 series units. Appendix A. Radio Signal Propagation - This section explains and simplifiesmany of the terms relating to antennas and RF (Radio Frequency) used whendealing with an RF installation system.1.2 BreezeNET DS.11 FeaturesThe following are the main features of the BreezeNET DS.11 series:• Rate - 11 Mbps with 5.5, 2, and 1 Mbps auto fallback rates.• LED Display – Power, Network Activity, and WLAN Load or Signal QualityLEDs indicate the current status of the unit.• Upgrading – Simple, quick, and free software upgrades via TFTP.• Future-proof Investment – All “infrastructure” items in the DS.11 series lineoffer Flash updates.• Management utility – This user-friendly application helps you quickly setupand manage your WLAN. You can save the configuration to a file and importthe file to other stations for fast installation.• Easy Installation - The DS.11 series supports a true plug-and-play.• MIB support - The DS.11 series supports all major SNMP managementsoftware: HP/OpenView, SUN NetManager, SNMPc.• Transmit Diversity - The DS.11 series supports a single or dual antennasdiversity.• Bridge Client Support - Remote bridge clients support is up to 15 milesaway. In addition, the DS.11 series supports up to 64 Bridge clients.
IntroductionBreezeNET PRO.11 Series 1-3 User’s Guide1.3 BreezNET DS.11 Compatibility and Standards• IEEE 802.11 TGb Compliant – All BreezeNET DS.11 series units are fullycompliant with the final IEEE 802.11 specification for wireless LANs, andthus support interoperability with other 802.11 compliant vendors.• Completely inter-operable with other 802.11 and 802.11 TGb products• Supports the common SNMP standard MIB groups and the 802.11 MIB• Uses the 2.4 Ghz ISM unlicensed band1.4 BreezeNET DS.11 Functional DescriptionBreezeNET DS.11 units add wireless functionality to existing Ethernet LANs.1.4.1 Quick Review of EthernetStandard Ethernet LAN stations are wired to a common bus. When one of thestations sends a message, it assigns a destination address to the message and sendsthe message on the bus. All stations on the bus “hear” the message, but only thestation with the proper address processes the message.1.4.2 WBS-DS.11 Wireless Base StationThe WBS-DS.11 enables 802.11 access to 802.3 (Ethernet) and guarantees inter-station communication.
IntroductionUser's Manual 1-4 BreezeNET DS.111.4.3 WBC-DS.11 Wireless Bridge ClientThe WBC-DS.11 wireless bridge client connects to a wired Ethernet LAN (hub).When a station on the WBC-DS.11’s LAN sends a message that is not destined fora local station, the WBC-DS.11 wirelessly forwards the message to the WBS-DS.11. When the WBS-DS.11 receives a message destined for a station on theWBC-DS.11's LAN, the WBS-DS.11 wirelessly forwards it to the WBC-DS.11. Inthis manner, the WBC-DS.11 and the WBS-DS.11 work together like a standardnetwork bridge.The first time each station on the WBC-DS.11’s LAN sends a message, thestation’s address is registered in the WBC-DS.11 and the WBS-DS.11. The WBC-DS.11 and WBS-DS.11 can hold all the addresses necessary to support an entireLAN connected to a WBC-DS.11.1.5 Where to Use DSSSDSSS technology (Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum) spreads a signal power over22MHz bandwidth; the same frequency is used for each transmission. This providesthe DS.11 with a fast bit rate and long range links, ideal for outdoor bridging.By using a directional antennas, spatial separation, and cross polarizeddiscrimination DS.11 can feed FH (Frequency Hopping) distribution points with noperformance loss.Backbone links - Our DS.11 Bridge has low latency, which makes it ideal forbackbone links of the WLAN.Data rates - The DS.11 is ideal for clients that need high sustained data rates orhigh burst rates.Long links - The DS.11 remote bridging capabilities enables it to support clientsup to 15 mile away.Latency sensitivity - Use the DS.11 for applications that are sensitive to latency.
IntroductionBreezeNET PRO.11 Series 1-5 User’s GuideDSSSWBS-DS.11WBC-DS.11AP-10AP-10FHSSFHSSSA-10SA-40SA-10Figure 1-1. A Typical DS.11 Wireless Bridging Combined with FHSS WLAN Segments
InstallationUser's Manual 2-6 BreezeNET DS.112 INSTALLATION1. Mount the antenna (see BreezeNET User's Manual) and locate the WBS/Caccordingly.2. Make sure the antennas are in a vertical position (if not, rotate over 90degrees).3. Insert the power connector.4. Attach the Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cable to the Wireless Base Station.5. Switch on the unit.2.1 Checking The LED IndicatorsFigure 2-1. DS.11 LEDsAssociation/Radio TrafficBackboneTrafficPower &FirmwareStatus
InstallationBreezeNET PRO.11 Series 2-7 User’s GuideThe following table lists the DS.11 LEDs and their diagnostics:LED Color ExplanationAssociation/Radio TrafficBackbone TrafficPower & Firmware StatusGreen The server sends beacons immediately (10/s).while the station is scanning; the LED blinksirregularly until it is synchronizedPower & Firmware Status Red Firmware did not start. Power fault or wrongfirmware.Backbone Traffic Red No network connection detected. Check thatthe right cable is connected properly (crossedor not crossed).2.2 The Rear PanelFigure 2-2. DS.11 Rear PanelTo reset the unit press the Reset button. Configured parameters will not bechanged.You can reset the unit’s settings to factory defaults by pushing a paper clip in thelittle hole next to the Power switch while switching the unit on.Reset button Power switch Powerconnector RJ 45connector
InstallationUser's Manual 2-8 BreezeNET DS.112.3 Outdoor Installation ConsiderationsThis chapter describes various considerations to take into account when planningan outdoor installation. This includes site selection, antenna alignment, antennadiversity, antenna polarization, antenna seal, and cell size.2.3.1 Site Selection FactorsWhen selecting a location for external antennas, remember to take intoconsideration the following guidelines:• Minimum distance between sites• Maximum height above the ground• Maximum line of sight clearance• Maximum separation between antennas (diversity option)Path of Clearest PropagationA propagation path is the path that signals traverse between the antennas of anytwo bridges. The line between two antenna sites is an imaginary straight line whichmay be drawn between the two antennas. Any obstacles in the path of the linedegrade the propagation path. The best propagation path is, therefore, a clear line ofsight with good clearance between the line and any physical obstacle.Physical ObstaclesAny physical object in the path between two bridges can cause signal attenuation.Common obstructions are buildings and trees. If a bridge’s antenna is installedindoors, the walls and/or windows between the two sites are physical obstructions.If the antenna is positioned outdoors, any buildings or other physical structure suchas trees, mountains or other natural geographic features higher than the antenna andsituated in the path between the two sites can constitute obstructions.
InstallationBreezeNET PRO.11 Series 2-9 User’s GuideInstall indoor antennas as close as possible to a window (or wall if a window is notaccessible) facing the required direction. Avoid metal obstacles such as metalwindow frames or metal film anti-glare windows in the transmission path. Installoutdoor antennas high enough to avoid any obstacles which may block the signal.Minimal Path LossPath loss is determined mainly by several factors:• Distance between sites - Path loss is lower and system performance betterwhen distances between sites are shorter.• Clearance - Path loss is minimized when there exists a clear line of sight. Thenumber, location, size, and makeup of obstacles determine their contributionto path loss.• Antenna height - Path loss is lower when antennas are positioned higher.Antenna height is the distance from the imaginary line connecting the antennasat the two sites to ground level. Ground level in an open area is the actualground. In dense urban areas, ground level is the average height of thebuildings between the antenna sites.2.3.2 Rooftop InstallationNote:Rooftop antenna installations are extremely dangerous! Incorrect installationmay result in death, serious injury and/or damage. Such installations should beperformed by professional antenna installers only!Rooftop installations offer several advantages:• Increased antenna range.• Less obstacles in path.• Improved performance due to greater height.• Reduced multipath problems.
InstallationUser's Manual 2-10 BreezeNET DS.112.3.3 Antennas for Outdoor ApplicationsThe BreezeNET DS.11 series can be used in point-to-point or point-to-multipointconfigurations.2.3.3.1 Point-to-PointA point-to-point link is based on the use of one Base station with external antennas(WBS-DS.11) and one adapter. The DS.11 and the WBC-DS.11 must be equippedwith one or two directional antennas. The necessary antenna gain depends on therequired range and performance.2.3.3.2 Point-to-MultipointSetting up a point-to-multipoint link requires the use of an WBS-DS.11 equippedwith omni-directional antennas and a remote WBC-DS.11 equipped with high-gaindirectional antennas.2.3.3.3 Antenna AlignmentLow gain antennas do not require alignment due to their very wide radiationpattern. High gain antennas have a narrow beamwidth necessitating an alignmentprocedure in order to optimize the link.Check antenna alignment by using the LED indicators on the front panel ofwhichever adapter is used in the link. These LED indicators provide indication ofreception quality.To perform antenna alignment:1. Assemble antennas according to the assembly instructions included with theantenna set.2. Mount the antennas as high as possible.3. Connect the coaxial cable to the WBS-DS.11 at the main site.4. Connect the coaxial cable to the WBC-DS.11 at the remote site.
InstallationBreezeNET PRO.11 Series 2-11 User’s Guide5. Power on both units.6. Synchronize the units by aligning the antennas manually until theAssociation/Radio Traffic indicator LED on the front panel of the wirelessBridge and/or Station Adapter illuminates.7. Align antennas at the main and remote sites until maximum signal quality isobtained.If the received signal quality is lower than expected for this antenna/rangecombination, change antenna height and verify RF cables connections.2.3.3.4 Antenna DiversityIn applications where no multipath propagation is expected, a single antenna issufficient to ensure good performance levels. However, in cases where multipathpropagation exists, BreezeCOM recommends that two antennas be used. This takesadvantage of space diversity capabilities. By using two antennas per unit, thesystem can select the best antenna on a per-packet basis (every severalmilliseconds).Multipath propagation is to be expected when there are potential reflectors betweenthe main and remote sites. These reflectors may be buildings or moving objectssuch as airplanes and motor vehicles. If this is the case, the radio signal does nottravel in a straight line, but is reflected or deflected off of the object, creatingmultiple propagation paths.When installing a single antenna, modify the transmit diversity option to eitherantenna 1 or antenna 2, according to the antenna being used (refer to Section 0).2.3.3.5 Antenna PolarizationAntenna polarization must be the same at either end of the link. In mostapplications, the preferred orientation is vertical polarization. Above-groundpropagation of the signal is better when it is polarized vertically. To verify antennapolarization, refer to the assembly instructions supplied with the antenna set.
InstallationUser's Manual 2-12 BreezeNET DS.112.3.4 Antenna SealWhen using outdoor antennas, you must seal the antenna connectors against rain.Otherwise the antennas are not suitable for use in outdoor installations.2.3.5 Cell SizeCell size is determined by the maximum possible distance between the Base stationand the Bridge unit, usually related to point-to-multipoint installations usingexternal antennas. For open outdoor areas with an unobstructed line of sightbetween the Base station and the BreezeNET DS.11 Bridge, the suggestedmaximum distance between Base station and Bridge is: Standard WBS-DS.11700m (2000 ft.)2.3.6 Link DistanceLink distance is the maximum distance between the WBS-DS.11 and the stationadapter, usually related to point-to-point installations using external antennas. Foropen outdoor areas with an unobstructed line of sight between the WBS and thewireless bridge, the suggested maximum distance is 15 miles.Note: The maximum distance of 15 miles is achieved using 24 dBi antennas.For range tables, refer to Section 2.3.7.
InstallationBreezeNET PRO.11 Series 2-13 User’s Guide2.3.7 Using Outdoor Range TablesOutdoor installations must have a clear line-of-sight. Solid obstacles such asbuildings or hills prevent the establishment of a link. Partial obstacles such as treesor traffic can reduce range. Extending coaxial cables can cause an increase inassembly signal loss and a reduction in range.The ranges in the following tables are attained under good propagating conditionswhen using the standard cables supplied in the antenna set. Actual ranges may varydue to specific multipath and interference conditions.For specific range guidelines and information about extending cables, consult yourlocal dealer or BreezeCOM central offices.Distances shown are in Miles.WARNING: It is the responsibility of the professional installer to ensure thatwhen using the outdoor antenna kits in the United States (or where FCC rulesapply), only these antenna configurations shown in the table above are used. Theuse of any antenna other than those listed is expressly forbidden in accordance toFCC rules CFR47 part 15.204.Omni-8 Uni-9 Uni-13 Uni-16 Uni-24Omni-8 1.5 1.6 2 3 5Uni-9 1.6 1.7 2.5 3 5Uni-13 2 2.5 3.5 4.5 7Uni-16 3 3 4.5 5 9Uni-24557915
InstallationUser's Manual 2-14 BreezeNET DS.112.4 PrecautionsNote: Detached antennas, whether installed indoors or out, should be installedONLY by experienced antenna installation professionals who are familiar withlocal building and safety codes and, wherever applicable, are licensed by theappropriate government regulatory authorities.Failure to do so may void the BreezeNET Product Warranty and may exposethe end user to legal and financial liabilities. BreezeCOM and its resellers ordistributors are not liable for injury, damage or violation of governmentregulations associated with the installation of detached antennas.2.4.1 Transmit AntennaRegulations regarding maximum antenna gains vary from country to country. It isthe responsibility of the end user to operate within the limits of these regulationsand to ensure that the professional installer is aware of these regulations, as well.The FCC in the United States and ETSI in Europe limit effective transit power to36dBm (USA) and 20dBm (Europe). The maximum total assembly gain ofantennas and cables in this case equals 19dBi (USA) and 3dBi (Europe).2.4.2 Lightning ProtectionLightning protection is designed to protect people, property and equipment byproviding a path to ground for the lightning’s energy. The lightning arrestor divertsthe strike energy to ground through a deliberate and controlled path instead ofallowing it to choose a random path. Lightning protection for a building is moreforgiving than protection of electronic devices. A building can withstand up to100,000 volts, but electronic equipment may be damaged by just a few volts.Lightning protection entails connecting an antenna discharge unit (also called anarrestor) to each cable as close as possible to the point where it enters the building.It also entails proper grounding of the arrestors and of the antenna mast (if theantenna is connected to one).
InstallationBreezeNET PRO.11 Series 2-15 User’s GuideThe lightning arrestor should be installed and grounded at the point where the cableenters the building. The arrestor is connected to the unit at one end and to theantenna at the other end.The professional installer you choose must be knowledgeable about lightningprotection. The installer must install the lightning protector in a way thatmaximizes lightning protection. BreezeCOM offers the following high-qualitylightning arrestor assembly:BreezeNET AL 1 Lightning Arrestor - Part No. 872905 5 ft (1.5m), N Male to NFemale.2.4.3 Rain Proofing9, 18, and 24 dBi antennas must be sealed against rain at the point the cable entersthe pole before they are suitable for external use.
System TroubleshootingBreezeNET PRO.11 Series 3-1 User’s Guide3 SYSTEM TROUBLESHOOTINGThe following troubleshooting guide provides answers to some of the morecommon problems which may occur when installing and using BreezeNET PRO.11Series products. If problems not mentioned in this guide should arise, checking theEthernet and WLAN counters may help (see Section 4.1.6). If the problem persists,please feel free to contact your local distributor or the BreezeCOM TechnicalSupport Department.3.1 Troubleshooting GuideProblem and Indication Possible Cause Corrective ActionNo Power to Unit. PowerLED is off. 1. Power cord is notproperly connected.2. Power supply isdefective.1. Verify power cord is properly connectedto the BreezeNET unit and to the poweroutlet.2. If this is not the cause, replace the powersupply.Failure to establish wirelesslink. Association LED is offand unit resets every fewminutes.1. Power supply to unitsmay be faulty2. The units may not havethe same ESSID as theAP-10.1. Verify power to units.2. Verify that all units in the network havethe same ESSID as the AP (ESSID must beidentical in all units in the network):Verify wireless link:Set WBS-DS.11 and Bridge unit side byside.Power on each unit and see if a wireless linkis established (even “D” models withouttheir external antennas should establish alink if placed side by side with the WBS-DS.11).If the units fail to associate, reset units tofactory default values reset unit (see Section2.2). The units should now establish awireless link.
System TroubleshootingUser's Manual 3-2 BreezeNET DS.11Problem and Indication Possible Cause Corrective ActionFailure to establish wirelesslink (“D” models/externalantennas)1. Power supply to unitsmay be faulty.2. Cables may beimproperly connected3. There may be someproblem with antennainstallation.1. Verify power to units.2. Verify that all cables are connectedsecurely.3. Refer to previous Section and verifywireless link between the units.4. Verify that the antenna(s) are properlyinstalled (see relevant Section in thismanual):Check antenna alignment.Verify that antenna polarization is the sameat both ends.Verify that the range matches specifications.Verify line-of-sight/antennaalignment/antenna height.Wireless link established,but there is no Ethernetactivity (WBS-DS.11 andWBC-DS.11 units).1. Ethernet hub port orUTP cable is faulty.2. Ethernet port in unit isfaulty.1. Check that the Association LED is on andsolid at the hub port. If this is not the case,the port is inactive. Try another port on thehub or another UTP cable.2. Verify that Ethernet port in unit isworking. Ping unit to verify Ethernetconnection.3. Verify that you are using a cross-overUTP cable (pins 1 & 3, 2 & 6) if connecteddirectly to workstation, or a straight-throughcable if connected to a hub.4. Check ETHR LED indicator in unit andEthernet counters in Monitor to verifyEthernet activity (see Section 0).
BreezeNET Management UtilityBreezeNET PRO.11 Series 4-3 User’s Guide4 BREEZENET MANAGEMENT UTILITY The BreezeNET Management Utility is an SNMP-based (Simple NetworkManagement Protocol) utility that provides a consistent view of the wirelessnetwork. The systems administrator can use the management utility to control alarge number of DS.11 units from a single location. Among the supported features:• Assign radio channels for optimal cell management• Program an Base station with a specified IP address• Set the SNMP Write Community strings• Verify the status of all Base stations in the network• Perform a site survey• Antenna selection• Configuration of parameters 4.1 BreezeNET Management Utility Main Window The BreezeNET Management utility main window consists of two main areas, ascan be seen in Figure 4-1:• The IP Address and Community Selection area - In this area, you select thecommunity string and address of the unit you wish to manage or edit.• The Tabs area - This area consists of five tabs containing parameter requiredfor the management of the WLAN. When you switch between the tabs, the IPSelection area with the selected unit address, remains displayed.
BreezeNET Management UtilityUser's Manual 4-4 BreezeNET DS.11 Figure 4-1. BreezeNET Management Utility Main Window (IP/SNMP Tab) 4.1.1 Selecting Units You can select a unit in one of the following ways:• Click the button. All the current units IP addresses (underthe selected community) are displayed in the list box below. Double-click onan address to select it.• For stations which are located behind a router, type the unit's address in theLocate unit field and click to display its parameters.• Signal Quality bar - This bar appears only if the selected IP address is aWBS-DS.11 unit. The Signal Quality bar displays the signal quality betweenthe selected Bridge unit and the WBS-DS.11 unit connected to it.
BreezeNET Management UtilityBreezeNET PRO.11 Series 4-5 User’s GuideIf the selected IP address is a WBC-DS.11, you can view its signal quality inthe RSSI tab.Figure 4-2. Signal Quality Bar Display (when an IP Address of DS.11 WBS is selected)Note: If you select an IP address of a WBS-DS.11 unit, the signal quality is displayedin the Signal Quality tab. This tab displays a table that lists all the MACaddresses, connected to that WBS, and their signal quality.When the community is Read the parameters are grayed out (disabled).
BreezeNET Management UtilityUser's Manual 4-6 BreezeNET DS.114.1.2 IP/SNMP TabAll BreezeNET DS.11 units contain IP Host software, which is used for testing theunit for SNMP management functions (and for downloading software upgradesusing the TFTP protocol). The IP/SNMP tab allows you to define or edit IPparameters for the DS.11 units.Figure 4-3. IP/SNMP Tab4.1.2.1 Assigning and Editing IP Parameters Using the NetworkAutodiscovery1. Type the known Read/Write Community string in the Community field (thedefault string is Private).
BreezeNET Management UtilityBreezeNET PRO.11 Series 4-7 User’s Guide2. Select a unit address as describe in Section 0. The unit's Read-Read/WriteCommunity strings appear in the SNMP Communities area of the window, andthe unit's parameters appear in the IP Parameters area of the window:• Read - The read only community string of the unit.• Read/Write - The read/write community string of the unit.• IP Address - The IP address of the selected unit.• Subnet musk -The Subnet mask of the selected unit.• Default gateway - The default gateway of the selected unit.• DHCP - Sets the way your system utilizes the Dynamic Host ConfigurationProtocol (DHCP, used for automatic IP assignment).• Always - The system searches for a DHCP server each time the PC isturned on.• Smart - The system searches for a DHCP server only if no IP addresswas assigned. If an IP address was assigned manually, the system willnot search for a DHCP server.• Never - The system never searches for a DHCP server.3. Click to apply configuration.
BreezeNET Management UtilityUser's Manual 4-8 BreezeNET DS.114.1.2.2 Assigning and Editing IP Addresses Manually1. Click the button. The Set IP dialog box is displayed.Figure 4-4. The Set IP Dialog Box2. Type the parameters in the appropriate fields and click OK. A message box isdisplayed notifying you when the changes are to take affect.
BreezeNET Management UtilityBreezeNET PRO.11 Series 4-9 User’s Guide4.1.3 General Info TabThe General Info tab displays general information regarding the unit's firmware andhardware versions, and general unit address information.Figure 4-5. General Info Tab• Firmware - The current firmware version.• Hardware - The current hardware version.• System Name - The name of the selected unit.• Location - Location of the selected unit.• MAC Address - Mac address of the selected unit.• BSS Address - BSS address of the selected unit.Note: You can select a unit's address either by selecting the address from the list, ortyping it directly.
BreezeNET Management UtilityUser's Manual 4-10 BreezeNET DS.114.1.4 WLAN Parameters TabFigure 4-6. WLAN Parameters Tab1. Set the ESS ID of the WLAN.2. Select a channel.3. Set Antenna diversity to Antenna No. 1, No. 2, or both.4. Set the desired bit rate. For maximum bit rate support, check both 5.5 Mbpsand 11 Mbps.Note: The 1 Mbps and 2 Mbps bit rates are checked by default.In case of interference, the BreezeNET Management utility automatically fallsback to the lower bit rate.5. Select the operative range of your WLAN in the Range drop down list.6. Click to apply the Configuration.
BreezeNET Management UtilityBreezeNET PRO.11 Series 4-11 User’s Guide4.1.5 RSSI TabThis tab allows you to view signal quality of WBC units and the associatedstations.Figure 4-7. RSSI TabSelect an IP address as explained previously in Section 0.In the Associated Stations you can see all the stations associated with the selectedunit and their signal quality.
BreezeNET Management UtilityUser's Manual 4-12 BreezeNET DS.114.1.6 Counters TabFigure 4-8. Counters TabSelect a counter and drag it to the icon to view the graph.• Transmit Fragment - The total number of transmitted frames. The countincludes data, control, management frames and the number of retransmissionsof data frames (for example, if the same data frame is retransmitted ten timesthen the count will increase ten times). In a point-to-point application, thiscounter should correspond relatively to the number of bad fragments receivedon the other side.• Tx Frame Count - The number of frames transmitted to the wireless media.The count includes the first transmission of data frames (withoutretransmissions), and the number of control and management frames.• Rx Fragments - The total number of frames received, including data, control,and duplicate data frames.• Multicast Rx - The total number of received multicast frames.• Multicast Tx - The total number of transmitted multicast frames.
BreezeNET Management UtilityBreezeNET PRO.11 Series 4-13 User’s Guide4.1.7 Station Control TabFigure 4-9. The Station Control TabStation Control - Click the button to revert to the factory defaultsettings.Configuration - Click Import/Export to import or export a complete set ofconfiguration parameters to an external file.
BreezeNET Management UtilityUser's Manual 4-14 BreezeNET DS.114.1.8 Log TabFigure 4-10. Log TabWhen an event occurs, a trap is sent to the defined host address. The Log tab allowsyou to configure the host address to which the traps are sent.A list of the last traps is displayed in the event log area, below the Local IP field.The default host address is the IP address of the PC running the BreezeNETManagement utility.1. Select the IP address as explained in Section 0. The selected address appears inthe Local IP field.2. Click the button to register this address as the host address.3. Repeat Step 2 for all the IP addresses you wish to send traps to.
BreezeNET Management UtilityBreezeNET PRO.11 Series 4-15 User’s Guide4.1.9 Debug Info(rmation)This option allows you to create a log file named BreezeLog.log. You can send thislog file to BreezeCOM technical support and receive help based on the informationrecorded in this file.To start recording, open the Debug Info option and select Start Log.When you finish recording (usually after 24 hours) select Stop Log and send thefile to BreezeCOM technical support representatives.4.2 Quick Start to Wireless NetworkingPerform the following steps to configure a WLAN for the first time:1. Physically connect the Base stations to the Ethernet LAN. Make sure they areswitched on. The DS.11 wireless network will be up and running immediately.If you are content with the default settings of the Base stations, you can stopright here. It is more likely however, that you want to assign different radiofrequencies to each Base station, or impose some restrictions on the use of yourwireless network.2. To be able to manage the Base stations via SNMP, every Base station needs aunique IP address. If you provide a DHCP or BOOTP service on your LAN(and have sufficient free IP addresses available) this will be taken care ofautomatically. If not, refer to Section 0 for further information on assigning IPaddresses.3. Use the BreezeNET Management utility to configure the Network Settings toreflect your situation.4. Select the radio channels of the Base stations according to your cell plan.See Section 0 for further information. Add descriptive information about eachBase station for later reference.
BreezeNET Management UtilityUser's Manual 4-16 BreezeNET DS.114.3 More about CellsEach Base station in the network forms the center of a cell, or BSS. The Cellsshould overlap slightly to guarantee seamless wireless connectivity everywhere.Neighboring Base stations should preferably send and receive on different channelsfor maximum throughput.Creating a cell plan for your site can be complicated, and is usually done by expertswith special measuring equipment.Furthermore, the radio channels you may use depend on both the capabilities of thePC-cards you are deploying, as well as the regulations in your area.The following table provides specifications for the main regulatory domains:RegulatoryDomain 4.8.1.1 Area PermissibleChannels PredefinedChannelsFCC United States 1 - 11 1, 6, 11DOC Canada 1 - 11 1, 6, 11ETSI Europe exceptSpain andFrance1 - 13 1, 7, 13SPAIN Spain 10 10FRANCE France 10 10MKK Japan 14 14
Software DownLoad ProcedureBreezeNET PRO.11 Series 5-17 User’s Guide5 SOFTWARE DOWNLOAD PROCEDURE1. Set the unit's IP address, using the BreezeCOM Manager utility, and verify thatthe PC's IP address belongs to the same Subnet Mask as the unit.2. Ping the unit's IP address. Make sure that the Ping replies are being received.3. Use the TFTP utility on the PC:a) Syntax: TFTP [-i] destination host [PUT] source file [password]b) Example: TFTP -i 199.203.141.30 put ap1100.arm private Download will be completed within 1 minute, and a message of successful filetransfer will show on the screen.4. Click OK; the unit resets itself.5. Check the diagnostics LEDs, and use the BreezeNET Management utility tomake sure that the version number is correct.Note: Do not disconnect any cables or try to stop the process before downloading iscompleted.
Technical specificationsUser's Manual 6-18 BreezeNET DS.116 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS6.1 Supported Standards• Compliant with ETS 300 328 and ETS 300 826 (CE marked)• IEEE 802.11 standard for Wireless LAN• All major networking standards (including IP, IPX)6.2 EnvironmentalOperating temperature (ambient) 0°C to 55°C (32°F to 131°F)Storage temperature -5°C to 70°C (23°F to 158°F)Operating humidity 10% to 90% (non-condensing)Storage humidity 5% to 95% (non-condensing)6.3 Power specificationsDC power supply In 230 VAC 50 Hz 150 mAOut 9 VDC 1.3 AWBS-DS.11 Base station In 9 VDC 1 A
Technical specificationsBreezeNET PRO.11 Series 6-19 User’s Guide6.4 Radio specificationsRange outdoors up to 15 milesTransmit power +18 dBm+2 dBm (Low power for use with high gain antenna)Frequency range 2.4-2.4835 Ghz, direct sequence spread spectrumNumber ofChannels Europe:13 (3 non-overlapping)US: 11 (3 non-overlapping)France: 4 (1 non-overlapping)6.5 Specific featuresSupported bit rates • 11 Mbps• 5.5 Mbps• 2 Mbps• 1MbpsUtility Software DS11 BreezeNET Management utility6.6 Physical DimensionsSize 180 x 220 x 40 mmWeight
Appendix A. Radio Signal PropagationBreezeNET PRO.11 Series A-1 User’s GuideAPPENDIX A. RADIO SIGNAL PROPAGATIONA.1 Radio Signal PropagationA.1.1 IntroductionThis section explains and simplifies many of the terms relating to antennas and RF(Radio Frequency) used when dealing with an RF installation system.The following diagram depicts a typical radio system:Figure A-1. A Typical Radio SystemA radio system transmits information to the transmitter. The information istransmitted through an antenna which converts the RF signal into anelectromagnetic wave. The transmission medium for electromagnetic wavepropagation is free space.The electromagnetic wave is intercepted by the receiving antenna which converts itback to an RF signal. Ideally, this RF signal is the same as that originally generatedby the transmitter. The original information is then demodulated back to its originalform.
Appendix A. Radio Signal PropagationUser's Manual A-2 BreezeNET DS.11A.1.2 RF Terms and DefinitionsdBThe dB convention is an abbreviation for decibels. It shows the relationshipbetween two values.RF Power LevelRF power level at either the transmitter output or the receiver input is expressed inWatts. It can also be expressed in dBm. The relation between dBm and Watts canbe expressed as follows:PdBm = 10 x Log PmwFor example: 1 Watt = 1000 mW; PdBm = 10 x Log 1000 = 30 dBm100 mW; PdBm = 10 x Log 100 = 20 dBmFor link budget calculations, the dBm convention is more convenient than theWatts convention.AttenuationAttenuation (fading) of an RF signal is defined as follows:Figure A-2. Attenuation of an RF signalPin is the incident power level at the attenuated inputPout is the output power level at the attenuated outputAttenuation is expressed in dB as follows: PdB = -10 x Log (Pout/Pin)
Appendix A. Radio Signal PropagationBreezeNET PRO.11 Series A-3 User’s GuideFor example: If, due to attenuation, half the power is lost (Pout/Pin = 1/2),attenuation in dB is -10 x Log (1/2) = 3dBPath LossLoss of power of an RF signal traveling (propagating) through space. It isexpressed in dB. Path loss depends on:• The distance between transmitting and receiving antennas• Line of sight clearance between the receiving and transmitting antennas• Antenna heightFree Space LossAttenuation of the electromagnetic wave while propagating through space. Thisattenuation is calculated using the following formula:Free space loss = 32.4 + 20xLog(FMhz) + 20xLog(RKm)F is the RF frequency expressed in Mhz.R is the distance between the transmitting and receiving antennas.At 2.4 Ghz, this formula is: 100+20xLog(RKm)Antenna CharacteristicsIsotropic AntennaA hypothetical antenna having equal radiation intensity in all directions. Used as azero dB gain reference in directivity calculation (gain).Antenna GainA measure of directivity. It is defined as the ratio of the radiation intensity in agiven direction to the radiation intensity that would be obtained if the power
Appendix A. Radio Signal PropagationUser's Manual A-4 BreezeNET DS.11accepted by the antenna was radiated equally in all directions (isotropically).Antenna gain is expressed in dBi.Radiation PatternA graphical representation in either polar or rectangular coordinates of the spatialenergy distribution of an antenna.Side LobesThe radiation lobes in any direction other than that of the main lobe.Omni-directional AntennaRadiates and receives equally in all directions in azimuth. The following diagramshows the radiation pattern of an omni-directional antenna with its side lobes inpolar form.Figure A-3. Side ViewFigure A-4. Top View
Appendix A. Radio Signal PropagationBreezeNET PRO.11 Series A-5 User’s GuideDirectional AntennaRadiates and receives most of the signal power in one direction. The followingdiagram shows the radiation pattern of a directional antenna with its side lobes inpolar form:Figure A-5. Radiation Pattern of Directional AntennaAntenna BeamwidthThe directiveness of a directional antenna. Defined as the angle between two half-power (-3 dB) points on either side of the main lobe of radiation.System CharacteristicsReceiver SensitivityThe minimum RF signal power level required at the input of a receiver for certainperformance (e.g. BER).EIRP (Effective Isotropic Radiated Power)The antenna transmitted power. Equal to the transmitted output power minus cableloss plus the transmitting antenna gain.Pout Output power of transmitted in dBmCtTransmitter cable attenuation in dBGtTransmitting antenna gain in dBi
Appendix A. Radio Signal PropagationUser's Manual A-6 BreezeNET DS.11GrReceiving antenna gain in dBiPlPath loss in dBCrReceiver cable attenuation is dBSiReceived power level at receiver input in dBmPsReceiver sensitivity is dBmSi = Pout - Ct + Gt - Pl + Gr - CrEIRP = Pout - Ct + GtExample:Link Parameters:Frequency: 2.4 GhzPout = 4 dBm (2.5 mW)Tx and Rx cable length (Ct and Cr) = 10 m. cable type RG214 (0.6 dB/meter)Tx and Rx antenna gain (Gt and Gr) = 18 dBiDistance between sites = 3 KmReceiver sensitivity (Ps) = -84 dBmLink Budget CalculationEIRP = Pout - Ct + Gt = 16 dBmPl = 32.4 + 20xLog(FMhz) + 20xLog(RKm) ≅Τ110 dBSi = EIRP - Pl + Gr - Cr = -82 dBmIn conclusion, the received signal power is above the sensitivity threshold, so thelink should work. The problem is that there is only a 2 dB difference betweenreceived signal power and sensitivity. Normally, a higher margin is desirable due tofluctuation in received power as a result of signal fading.
Appendix A. Radio Signal PropagationBreezeNET PRO.11 Series A-7 User’s GuideSignal FadingFading of the RF signal is caused by several factors:• MultipathThe transmitted signal arrives at the receiver from different directions, with dif-ferent path lengths, attenuation and delays. The summed signal at the receiver mayresult in an attenuated signal.Figure A-6. Multipath ReceptionBad Line of SightAn optical line of sight exists if an imaginary straight line can connect the antennason either side of the link.Radio wave clear line of sight exists if a certain area around the optical line of sight(Fresnel zone) is clear of obstacles. A bad line of sight exists if the first Fresnelzone is obscured.• Link Budget Calculations• Weather conditions (Rain, wind, etc.)At high rain intensity (150 mm/hr), the fading of an RF signal at 2.4 GHz mayreach a maximum of 0.02 dB/KmWind may cause fading due to antenna motion• Interference
Appendix A. Radio Signal PropagationUser's Manual A-8 BreezeNET DS.11Interference may be caused by another system on the same frequency range,external noise, or some other co-located system.The Line of Sight ConceptAn optical line of sight exists if an imaginary straight line can be drawn connectingthe antennas on either side of the link.Clear Line of SightA clear line of sight exists when no physical objects obstruct viewing one antennafrom the location of the other antenna.A radio wave clear line of sight exists if a defined area around the optical line ofsight (Fresnel Zone) is clear of obstacles.Fresnel ZoneThe Fresnel zone is the area of a circle around the line of sight.The Fresnel Zone is defined as follows:Figure A-7. Fresnel ZoneR = ½ √Τ(λxD)ΤΤΤΤΤΤR: radius of the first Fresnel zoneλ:=wavelength
Appendix A. Radio Signal PropagationBreezeNET PRO.11 Series A-9 User’s GuideD: distance between sitesFigure A-8. Fresnel Zone Clear of ObstaclesWhen at least 80% of the first Fresnel Zone is clear of obstacles, propagation lossis equivalent to that of free space.

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