Andrew Wireless Innovations Group TFAHUS5 TFAH-US5B HIGH POWER REMOTE UNIT User Manual

Andrew Wireless Innovations Group TFAH-US5B HIGH POWER REMOTE UNIT

USERS MANUAL

IONTM-B SeriesUser Manualrel. 24-10
3MN024-010© Copyright Andrew Wireless Systems SrlAndrew Wireless Systems SrlVia Pier De Crescenzi 4048018 Faenza, ItalyTel: +39 0546 697111Fax: +39 0546 682768This publication is issued to provide outline information and is not aimed to be part of any offer and contract.The Company has a policy of continuous product development and improvement and we therefore reserve the right to vary information quoted without prior notice.System and Customer care is available world-wide through our network of Experts.The company is certifi ed ISO 9001 and ISO14000.
4ION-B User ManualIndex1. Introducing ION-B 101. Introducing ION-B 111.1 The Features 111.2 Brief Description of ION-B 111.3 ION-B Features 121.4 ION-B Typical Applications 132. Equipment Overview 162. Equipment Overview 172.1 Introduction 172.2. The ION-B Remote Unit and its relevant accessories 172.3. The ION-B Master Unit 192.4. ION-B additional options 222.5. Block Diagrams 243. TFAx Remote Unit 293.1. Introduction 30The Main Tasks of the TFAx Unit: 30Different Types of Remote Units 313.2. Case A Remote Unit 33Dimensions and Weight: 33RF ports: 33Optical ports: 33Visual Alarms: 34Dry Contact Alarms: 34Power Supply 34Warnings (to be read before Remote Units are installed) 35Dealing with optical output ports 35Handling optical connections 35TFAx Case A installation 36Installing a Case A Remote Unit WITHOUT the TKA kit 36Installation of the Case A Remote Unit WITH the TKA04 installation kit 38TFAx Case A Start-Up 44TFAx Case A Troubleshooting 443.3. Case B Remote Unit 45Dimensions and Weight: 45RF ports: 46Optical ports: 46Visual Alarms: 46Dry Contact Alarms: 46Power Supply 47Dealing with optical output ports 48Handling optical connections 48TFAx Case B installation 49Installing a Case B Remote Unit WITHOUT the TKA kit 49Installation of the Case B Remote Unit WITH the TKA04 installation kit 51TFAx Case B Start-Up 52TFAx Case B Troubleshooting 57
5MN024-010Quick troubleshooting procedure 62Dry-contact troubleshooting 62Fibre optic DL troubleshooting 633.4. Case R Remote Unit 65Dimensions and Weight 65RF ports: 66Optical ports: 66Visual alarms: 66External alarms 66Power supply: 67Warnings (to be read before Remote Units are installed) 67Dealing with optical output ports 67Choosing a proper installation site for the Remote Units 67Handling optical connections 67TFAx Case-R installation 68TFAx Case R Troubleshooting 723.5. Case-R2 Remote Unit 73Dimensions and Weight 73RF ports: 74Optical ports: 74Visual alarms: 74External alarms 74Power supply: 75Warnings (to be read before Remote Units are installed) 75Dealing with optical output ports 75Choosing a proper installation site for the Remote Units 75Handling optical connections 75TFAx Case-R2 installation 76TFAx Case R2 start-up 80TFAx Case-R or Case-R2 troubleshooting 81Quick troubleshooting procedure 85Dry-contact troubleshooting 85Fibre optic DL troubleshooting 853.7. Case F Remote Unit 87Dimensions and Weight 87RF ports: 88Optical ports: 88Visual alarms: 88External alarms 88Power supply: 88Warnings (to be read before Remote Units are installed) 89TFAx Case-F installation 90TFAx Case F start-up 93TFAx Case F troubleshooting 93Quick troubleshooting procedure 95Fibre optic DL troubleshooting 954. Rack-based Master Unit 994.1. TPRNx4 Subrack 101Major TPRN features 101TPRN models 101220 Vac powered sub-racks (TPRN14 / TPRN24) 102-48Vdc powered sub-rack (TPRN34) 102TPRN power supply 103Universal mains 103
6ION-B User Manual-48 Vdc 103TPRN ports 104RS232 serial port 104RS485 port 105Sub-D 15 poles male connector 105PIN 106Name 106Meaning 106TPRN alarms 108Warning (recommended for system designing and installing) 108Providing correct heat dissipation 108Minimizing equipment costs 108TPRN Installation 109TPRN Troubleshooting 1114.2. Fast MiniRack, TPRF31 113Major TPRN Features 113Dimensions and Weight 114On/Off Switch and Power Supply 114Reset and Store/Clear buttons 114Reset 114Store/Clear 114Visual Alarms 115TPRF31 Ports 115RS232 Serial Port 115RS485 Port 116Auxiliary Inputs 118 External Alarms 119Warning (recommended when designing or installing) 120Providing correct heat dissipation 120TPRF31 Installation 120Mounting the TPRF31 on a wall 122TPRF31 Start-Up 122TPRF31 Troubleshooting 1244.3. Master Optical TRX, TFLN 127Main tasks carried out by the TFLN module 127Downlink (DL): 127Uplink (UL): 127RF ports 127Optical ports 127TFLN Visual Alarms 128TFLN power supply 128Warnings (to be read before TFLN installation) 128Dealing with optical output ports 128Handling optical connections 129Inserting or removing TFLN modules 129TFLN Positioning 130TFLN Installation 130TFLN Start-Up 131Removing a TFLN Module 133TFLN Troubleshooting 133Quick Troubleshooting Procedure 134Fibre Optic UL Troubleshooting 1344.4. Two-way Splitter/Combiner, TLCN2 137Description: 137RF Ports 137TLCN2 Main Applications 137TLCN2 Insertion Loss 138
7MN024-010Warnings 138TLCN2 Installation 1384.5. Four-way Splitter/Combiner,TLCN4 139Description: 139RF Ports: 139TLCN4 Main Applications 139TLCN4 Insertion Loss 140Warnings 140TLCN4 Installation 1404.6. RF Dual Band Coupler TLDN 141Description: 141RF Ports 141TLDN Main Applications 141TLDN Insertion Loss 142Warnings 142TLDN Installation 1424.7. RF Tri Band Coupler TLTN 143Description: 143TLTN Models 143RF orts 143TLTN Main Applications 144TLTN Insertion Loss 144Warnings 144TLTN Installation 1444.8. RF Duplexer, TDPN 145Description: 145RF Ports 145TDPN Main Applications 145TDPN Insertion Loss 145Warnings 145TDPN Installation 1464.9. Base Station Interface TBSI 147Description 147RF Ports 147TBSI Main Applications 147TBSI Insertion Loss 148Warnings 148TBSI Installation 1484.10. Power Limiter TMPx-10 149Description 149RF Ports 149TMP Main Applications 149TMP Visual Alarms 149TMP Power Supply 150TMP Insertion Loss 150Warnings 150Inserting or Removing TMP Modules 150Before to install the TMP Module 150Setting the GSM 900 MHz / DCS 1800 MHz jumper (only for TMP2-10) 150TMP Installation 151Removing a TMP Module 152TMP Troubleshooting 152Quick Troubleshooting Procedure 152
8ION-B User Manual5. Confi guration Examples 1555. Confi guration Examples 1565.1 Introduction 1565.2. Multi-operator applications 1565.3. Multi-sector applications 1595.4. Fast MiniRack applications 1626. Warning and Safety Requirements 1636. Warning and Safety Requirements 164Environmental Conditions 164Installation Site Features 164Safety and Precautions During Installation or Maintenance 165Power Supply Connection 166Safety and Precautions for Lasers 166Health and Safety Warnings 167RSS Canadian standards 167Electromagnetic Fields and RF Power 167Warning Labels 1717. TECHNICAL SUPPORT 1727. TECHNICAL SUPPORT 173Returning Equipment 174Appendixes 175Appendix A: System Commissioning 176Appendix B: EU Guidelines for WEEE Disposal 180Disposal Guidelines 180
9MN024-010
10 ION-B User Manual1. Introducing ION-B
11MN024-0101. Introducing ION-B1.1 The FeaturesION-B is an innovative platform designed in order to provide an effective and fl exible coverage to a large variety of indoor scenarios.Thanks to its high modularity, its low power consumption, and its full-transparency to protocols and modulation formats, ION-B is the perfect plug&play solution to distribute any wireless standard (including GSM, GPRS, EDGE, CDMA, W-CDMA, and WLAN IEEE 802.11b/g) to the in-building environments requiring reliable and interference-free communications, as well as high traffi c capacity and maximum fl exibility about future expansions.These unique features make the ION-B platform suitable also for applications to critical areas experiencing diffi culties in establishing and keeping phone calls, while its compact design always guarantees a minimum aesthetic impact.1.2 Brief Description of ION-BION-B is a Distributed Antenna System (DAS) based on the Radio-over-Fibre (RoF) technology, and capable of carrying wireless mobile signals through the 800MHz - 2500MHz frequency range regardless of their protocol and their modulation format.The system has two basic components, a Master Unit and a Remote Unit. The Master Unit is made of one or more subracks typically connected to the BTS (Base Tranceiver Station) through either a repeater (RF interface) or a coaxial cable.Each Remote Unit is connected with a dedicated pair of single-mode optical fi bres (one for UL and one for DL) to the Master Unit. These optical fi bres work on 1310 nm wavelenght and provide low losses and almost unlimited bandwidth, available for future system developments.ION-B is a modular system whose basic components are:• one Master Unit made of one or more subracks, each providing 12 module slots. Each slot can host either an active or a RF passive device (chosen among the wide range of ION-B options), in order to meet the planned design requirements;BTS TFLNRF Interface Remote UnitFigure 1: ION-B system block diagram
12 ION-B User Manual• a variable number of Remote Units (TFAx), whose function is feeding the antenna passive network;• a proper number of indoor antennas, suitable to provide radio coverage to the area. ION-B is fully compatible with any type of indoor antennas; • the optical cables required to connect the 19” subracks to the TFAx.1.3 ION-B FeaturesThe following lines report a brief summary of ION-B main features:• multiband 2G, 2.5G and 3G – 802.11b WLAN compatible: ION-B is completely transparent to any transmission protocol and modulation format, and it can distribute any 2G, 2.5G, 3G wireless standard. In addition, it allows to carry also the WLAN (802.11b/g) service over the same infrastructure; • modular confi guration for fl exible design: by properly setting some parameters like the amount of RUs and the antenna locations, the ION-B architecture can follow the environment specifi c features in order to obtain the most effective radio-coverage of the indoor area. The modularity of the system allows easy modifi cations for future growth and increasing traffi c;• easy to install: the intelligent plug & play ION-B system includes an Automatic Gain Control (AGC), that eliminates system gain variations regardless of optical loss. This avoids the need for fi eld adjustments, thus reducing design, installation and optimization time.• low-power consumption: establishing a “quasi line-of-sight propagation” towards all mobile phones inside the area, ION-B works with low power levels. Low power levels have two great advantages: 1) allow mobile phones to work at lower power levels, thus limiting the radiated emissions and increasing their battery life; 2) allow a better control of interference effects between adiacent cells.• central supervision functions: all individual alarms of ION-B system are stored in an internal fl ash memory, and available to both local and remote connections. Detailed alarm information is provided by special software (i.e. by Supervision or Maintenance software tools) running on a locally connected host, as well as any information about alarm status and alarm history is available to remote connections via TCP/IP protocols, SNMP agent, or HTTP servers. This alarm information is visible also by means of LEDs present on the front panels of both the MU and the RUs;• multiple-carriers system: there are no restrictions on the number of carriers that the ION-B can convey. Obviously, the more carriers per service, the less power per carrier;• remote power supply: in case mains cannot be used for the Remote Units, ION-B offers a centralised power supply option, which distributes both a DC low-voltage (-48V) power and the optical signals through a composite fi bre optic/copper cable;• wide variety of RF passive devices: the connections between the DAS and the local BTSs are able to be arranged so as to get the best fi t for the customers needs. ION-
13MN024-010B equipment provides RF splitters/combiners, cross band couplers, attenuators, and duplexers for UL/DL paths, thus allowing maximum in design fl exibility;• high reliability: high MTBF (Mean Time Between Failure).1.4 ION-B Typical ApplicationsDue to its unique features, the ION-B is an ideal solution for radio coverage in a variety of situations:• Multi-operator shared infrastructures: each mobile operator has its own carrier which needs to be transported without interfering the others. The ION-B is capable of transmitting multiple carriers simultaneously while providing independent level adjustments for each of them, ensuring maximum performance and reducing infrastructure costs. • High rise buildings: RF signals from surrounding macrocells or external BTSs are usually quite strong inside high rise buildings and can cause so much interference that indoor mobile communications often become impossible. By strategically placing antennas along the exterior walls of the building, the signal to noise ratio can be optimised. This interference control solves many problems, such as the “ping pong” effect that sometimes is experienced when a mobile frequently changes from indoor to outdoor coverage.• Exhibitions, conventions, and shopping centres: the critical aspect of these environments is their high traffi c loads, which are furthermore also highly variable. Thus, the main goal in these cases is to set up radio coverage enabling the effective management of these variable traffi c loads, with neither undervalued nor overvalued infrastructure expenses. A unique feature of the ION-B is that RF frequencies can be allocated quickly when and where they are needed, thus reducing implementation costs. This makes the ION-B an ideal solution for temporary or last minute requests (such as conferences). • Airports: require both modular and fl exible radio coverage in order to meet their current needs while also foreseeing future expansions. The ION-B is able to manage heavy traffi c loads, providing a high level of quality with minimum environmental impacts, its modularity also allows for future expansions.• Corporate buildings: inside a corporate building, frequent disruptions during mobile communications may limit business transactions. These environments are often complex and densely populated while having specifi c requirements: heavy traffi c capacity, high expectations regarding quality of service, full compatibility with wireless standards and future expandability. The ION-B guarantees high quality radio coverage in all of the above conditions and maintains maximum fl exibility while managing any possible traffi c conditions.• Subways and densely populated metropolitan areas: These areas are distinguished by large surface areas, and may require RUs to be placed far away from the BTSs. The ION-B guarantees signal integrity for distances up to 3km, while through the
14 ION-B User Manualwideband interconnect link option, distances of 20km can be reached. Moreover, these environments require gradual investments, because initially operators tend to provide radio coverage only in the busiest areas, and then extend it in order to reach complete coverage later. The modularity of the ION-B helps operators to gradually expand the system. Often, large cities set up seamless and reliable radio systems for emergency services. In these cases, the required RF infrastructure needs to be unobstrusive and environmental friendly; this can be achieved using an ION-B DAS. When redundancy is required, two interleaved ION-B systems can be used, management and supervision for these systems can be remotely established by means of an external modem and an open protocol such as SNMP.
15MN024-010
16 ION-B User Manual2. Equipment Overview
17MN024-0102. Equipment Overview(a)(d)(e)Fig. 2.2: Different versions of the ION-B Remote Units: (a) Case-A Remote Unit(b) Case-B Remote Unit; (c) Case -R Remote Unit;(d) Case-R2 Remote Unit;(e) Case-F Remote Unit2.1 IntroductionThe basic components of an ION-B system (please refer to fi g. 2.1.) are the following:• a Master Unit, able to bring the mobile signals from the BTS to different Remote Units and vice-versa, thus remotising the distribution and collection of any mobile signals via fi beroptic cables;• a variable number of Remote Units, conveying and receiving mobile signals through low-power antennas.A brief introduction to the main components of the ION-B system’s Master and Remote Units is presented in the following text. The details of each component can be found in the subsequent sections of this manual.2.2. The ION-B Remote Unit and its relevant accessoriesION-B Master UnitBTS Remote UnitTFAxFig. 2.1: Basic scheme of an ION-B system (b)(c)
18 ION-B User ManualThe Remote Unit (TFAx) is a device which provides optical-to-electrical downlink conversion and electrical-o-optical uplink conversion, thus allowing a bidirectional transmission of signals between the Master Unit and the remote antennas. It is available in 3 different power confi gurations (Low/Medium/High), housed by 4 different architectures (Case B, Case R, Case R2 and Case F), so as to fulfi l different coverage and band requirements.In downlink, each TFAx receives an optical signal from the Master Unit, performs an optical-to-RF conversion, and transmits the resulting signal to the 2 antenna ports. In uplink, it receives an RF signal from the remote antennas, provides an RF-to-optical conversion, and conveys the converted signal to the Master Unit through optical fi bres.The ION_B Remote Units are available both with power supply 90÷264 Vac and with power supply -72÷-36 Vdc. Each ION-B Remote Unit is provided with a suitable external power adapter (TPSNx: please refer to table 2.1).Last, each ION-B Remote Unit has a wideband auxiliary channel, which can be exploited for dedicated RF distribution.Remote UnitS and accessoriesUnit name/Module name Description Dimensions (L x W x H)TFAx-case ATFAx Case BTFAx Case RTFAx Case R2TFAx Case FTFBWxTKA04TPSN 1-40TPSN 1-80TPSN 3-30TPSN 3-80Remote UnitRemote UnitRemote UnitRemote UnitRemote UnitWLAN boosterRemote Unit installation kitExternal power supplyExternal power supplyExternal power supplyExternal power supply200 x 240 x 38 (mm)240 x 240 x 38 (mm)330 x 200 x 122.5 (mm)330 x 250 x 122.5 (mm)546 x 253 x 207 (mm)240 x 200 x 38 (mm)340 x 240 x 55 (mm)175 x 80 x 54 (mm)175 x 80 x 51 (mm)Table 2.1: Different cases of ION-B Remote Units, with dedicated ION-B accessories.
19MN024-0102.3. The ION-B Master UnitThe ION-B Master Unit is a widely-fl exible system. Its modular feature allows it to be developed both for simple installation-friendly, unobstrusive applications to complex installations, involving a virtually unlimited number of subracks, and distributed through several fl oors of a building or through a 20km distance.The following text presents a brief overview of the components of these units.The TPRF31 Fast MiniRack is a 19” x 1HE fast-MiniRack housing 2 slots: it can therefore accommodate 2 of the single-slots (7TE x 4HE) ION-B cards presented in the following. Thanks to its turnable brackets, the TPRF31 is suitable both for wall and rack-mounting, and can therefore be used both as a stand-alone unit (for simple ION-B installations) and as an integration of a bigger and more complex ION-B system .The TPRN sub-rack is a 19”x 4HE subrack with 12 slots, each one sized 7TE x 4HE. As each ION-B module takes up one or two slots, each Master Unit can host up to 12 modules, depending on the design confi guration and requirements.The Master Optical TRX (TFLN): in downlink, it provides an RF-to-optical conversion of the signal coming from the BTS, and transmits it to 4 optical outputs, so as to feed 4 TFAx. In uplink, it provides optical-to-RF conversion for 4 optical signals coming from the RUs, and it combines them into a single RF output, while providing automatic gain control in order to balance the fi bre losses. Module dimensions: Width = 7TE, Height = 4HE (one slot in the master unit sub-rack).The Duplexer (TDPN): it combines the downlink (DL) and the uplink (UL) paths into a single one, while maintaining the required isolation. The module dimensions are: Width = 7TE, Height = 4HEFig. 2.4 TPRN subrackFig. 2.5 TFLN cardFig. 2.6 TDPN cardFig. 2.3 TPRF31 subrack
20 ION-B User ManualThe variable RF attenuators (TBSI): they provide independent attenuations (adjustable from 0 to 30dB, with 1dB steps) on uplink and downlink RF paths, and allow the designer to optimize the signal level close to the BTSs. TBSI is an override attenuator, its dimensions are: Width = 7TE, Height = 4HE.The Dual Band Coupler (TLDN): in downlink, it combines a low band RF signal (800 to 1000 MHz) and a high band RF signal (1700 to 2500 MHz) into a common RF port; in uplink, it splits a composite signal between a low band RF port and a high band RF port. Module dimensions are: Width = 7 TE, Height = 4 HE.The Tri Band Coupler (TLTN): in downlink, it combines a Low Band signal, a Middle Band signal, and a High Band signal into a communal one; in uplink, it splits the triple band signal among the three RF single band paths.Please refer to table 4.7.1 or to the bulletin PA-100596-EN for further information about the different band confi gurations.Module dimensions are: Width = 7 TE, Height = 4 HE.The RF splitters/combiners (TLCN2 and TLCN4): TLCN2 is a 2-way splitter/combiner. TLCN4 is a 4-way splitter/combiner. They can be used in a variety of different situations, such as:• To connect a BTS with several master optical TRXs. In uplink, the TLCN2 (or TLCN4) combines 2 (or 4) RF signals which come from different master optical TRXs into a common RF signal entering the BTS. In downlink, the TLCN2 (or TLCN4) splits the downlink composite RF signal which comes from the BTS into 2 (or 4) RF ports, entering different master optical TRXs.Fig. 2.8 TLDN cardFig. 2.9 TLTN cardFig. 2.10 TLCN2 (a) and TLCN4 (b) cards (a) (b)Fig. 2.7 TBSI card
21MN024-010• To connect several BTSs to a master optical TRX. In downlink, the TLCN2 (or TLCN4) combines the RF signals coming from different BTSs into a common RF signal, entering the master optical TRX. In uplink, the TLCN2 (or TLCN4) splits the composite RF signal coming from a master optical TRX into 2 (or 4) RF signals entering different BTSs.The Power Limiter (TMPx-10): it monitors the DL power coming from the BTS and attenuates it by 10 dB in case it surpasses a programmable threshold level. The TMP2-10 Power Limiter is for 2G and 2.5G signals, working at 900 MHz and 1800 MHz.The TMP3-10 Power Limiter is for 3G signals.Both modules are 7TE wide and 4HE high. Table 2.2 shows an overview of the basic components of the ION-B Master Unit.Fig. 2.11 TMPx-10 cardBasic components of ION-B Master UnitsUnit name/Module name Description Dimensions, H x W ( x D)TPRF31TPRN04TPRNx4TFLNxTLCN 2TLCN 4TBSI 2-30TDPNxTLDNxTLTNxTMPx-10Fast MiniRackPassive subrackActive subrackMaster Optical TRX2-way splitter4-way splitterAdjustable attenuatorUL/DL duplexerDual band couplerTri band coupler10 dB power limiter19” x 1HE x 286mm19” x 4HE x 350mm19” x 4HE7TE x 4HE7TE x 4HE7TE x 4HE7TE x 4HE7TE x 4HE7TE x 4HE7TE x 4HE7TE x 4HETable 2.2: Overview of the components and accessories for the ION-B master unit
22 ION-B User ManualFig. 2.12: TSUN supervision unit, available both as a plug-in card (a) and as a stand-alone module (b) ; Wi-Fi (c) and (AWS 1700 MHz) boosters; Interconnect-link master modules (e) and slave modules (f); TRSN Remote Powering units (g)   (a)(b)(c)(d)(e)(f) (g)2.4. ION-B additional optionsThe basic ION-B structure described above can be furtherly expanded or supported by a range of ION-B options, including:• A supervision unit (TSUN), enabling to supervise and manage the ION-B system through any PC or Laptop, thanks to a web-interface supporting the TCP/IP, FTP, HTTP, protocols, and fully compatible with general purpose SNMP managers.• RF boosters, which can be connected to the auxiliary channels of the ION-B Remote Units, thus providing RF coverage in some particular frequency bands (e.g. AWS 1700 MHz in US, Wi-Fi, or Wi-Max);• A wide range of Interconnect Link options (TIL), i.e. a set of master-slave modules which enable to expand the ION-B system through additional subrack stations, up to 20 km away from the main one.• A Remote Powering Unit (TRSN), providing -48Vdc power supplying through composite fi beroptic/copper cablesTable 2.3 shows an overview of these ION-B accessories and of the corresponding Andrew bulletins you should refer to for further information.
23MN024-010Main ION-B additional optionsUnit name/Module name Reference Bulletin Reference Manual Mechanical DecriptionION-B Supervision Unit(TSUN 1, 3, 6)ION-B Wi-Fi optionsTIL Interconnect linkRF dedicated boosterTRSN Remote Power UnitsPA-100596-ENPA-100928-ENBR-102130-ENPA-102073-ENPA-102072-ENMN023MN031MN032MN033Available both as a plug-in card and as a stand-alone unitDifferent solutions availablemulti-module master side + multi-module slave side(each one made of a variable number of plug-in cards)stand alone unit, 240 x 200 x 38 mm19” x 3HE (low power version)19” x 1HE (medium power version)Although the following table tables show a brief overview of the main ION-B additional options, we strongly recommend you to contact your reference Andrew Salesperson or Product Line Manager in order to have For a full overview of the ION-B options,Table 2.3: Overview of the components and accessories for the ION-B rack-based master unit
24 ION-B User Manual2.5. Block DiagramsIn order to better understand the functionalities of the different units and modules, some block diagrams of the ION-B system are presented here.The core of an ION-B system is the ION-B master unit, which generally develops through a passive section (providing Level adjustments, Signal splitting/combining, and Band coupling), followed by an Electrical/Optical conversion (allowing the signal to be distributed through fi beroptic cables to the TFAx Remote Units).Simple and unobstrusive ION-B installations can be developed through the TPRF31 fast MiniRacks, which allows a great deal of installation solutions, such as:- hosting two electrical/optical transceivers, while developing external passive combining- hosting one electrical/optical transceiver, plus one ION-B interface card (providing splitting/combining , band coupling or level adjusting).Please note that more TPRF31 modules can be combined to achieve a more complex, space-saving system confi guration.Tipical ION-B confi gurations based on a single TPRF31 Fast MiniRack are shown in fi g. 2-13.ION-B Fast MinirackBTS Remote UnitTFAxRemote UnitTFAxTFLNMaster Optical TrxTFLNMaster Optical Trx+External splitting/combining sectionION-B Fast MinirackBTS Remote UnitTFAxTFLNMaster Optical TrxION-B passive card (either splitting/combining or level adjustingSplitting/combining section(a)(b)Fig. 2.13: ION-B confi gurations based on a TPRF31 Fast MiniRack: (a) Confi guration hosting 2 TFLN optical transceivers; (b) Confi guration hosting 1 TFLN optical transceiver and 1 splitting/combining card
25MN024-010Although TPRF31 proves to be very fl exible, complex distribution systems usually can be better served by rack-based ION-B Master Units: such ION-B installations are based on one or more TPRN-subracks, thus exploiting the wide range of ION-B passive cards (TDPN, TMP, TBSI, TLCN2, TLCN4, TLTN, TLDN), in order to build the passive network which best matches the costumer’s needs.Let’s see some examples of such rack-based confi gurations.Firstly, assume that the BTSs are not duplexed. In this case, no TDPN module (see fi g. 2.14) is required. Moreover, assuming that the Master Unit is made up of one or more subracks located in a single site, we do not need an interconnect link in order to remotise a second subrack. The scheme of this network confi guration is reported hereafter in fi gure 2.14.Now let’s consider the same network confi guration, but with duplexed BTSs. In this case, some TDPN modules (see fi g. 2.7) are required in order to combine UL and DL ports on single RF channels. The scheme of this network confi guration is reported hereafter in fi gure 2.15.If we need to expand our ION-B network to a wider area, please note that the Interconnect-link option allows you to use a second subrack station at a distance of up to 20km from the site where the main subrack station is located.Please refer to the dedicated Interconnect link brochure (Table 2.3) for further details.
26 ION-B User ManualTFAxREMOTEUNITTFAxREMOTEUNITTFAxREMOTEUNITTFAxREMOTEUNITTFAxREMOTEUNITTFAxREMOTEUNITTFAxREMOTEUNITTFAxREMOTEUNITTFLNMaster Optical TrxTFLNMaster Optical TrxTFLNMaster Optical TrxTFLNMaster Optical TrxTFLNMaster Optical TrxTFLNMaster Optical TrxTFLNMaster Optical TrxTFLNMaster Optical TrxTLCN4Splitter/CombinerTLCN2Splitter/CombinerTLCN4Splitter/CombinerTLTNMulti-bandCombinerTBSIAttenuatorTBSIAttenuatorTBSIAttenuatorTDPNDuplexerTDPNDuplexerTDPNDuplexerFixedAttenuatorFixedAttenuatorFixedAttenuatorMaster UnitRemote UnitsBTSFrequency Band 1BTSFrequency Band 2BTSFrequency Band 3,EVELADJUSTMENT 3ERVICECOMBININGSPLITTING3IGNALCOMBININGSPLITTING%LECTRICAL/PTICALCONVERSION/PTICAL%LECTRICALCONVERSIONFig. 2.14: Block diagram of an ION-B confi guration supporting a triple-band system with DUPLEXED base stations.
27MN024-010TFAxREMOTEUNITTFAxREMOTEUNITTFAxREMOTEUNITTFAxREMOTEUNITTFAxREMOTEUNITTFAxREMOTEUNITTFAxREMOTEUNITTFAxREMOTEUNITTFLNMaster Optical TrxTFLNMaster Optical TrxTFLNMaster Optical TrxTFLNMaster Optical TrxTFLNMaster Optical TrxTFLNMaster Optical TrxTFLNMaster Optical TrxTFLNMaster Optical TrxTLCN4Splitter/CombinerTLCN2Splitter/CombinerTLCN4Splitter/CombinerTLTNMulti-bandCombinerTBSIAttenuatorTBSIAttenuatorTBSIAttenuatorFixedAttenuatorFixedAttenuatorFixedAttenuatorMaster UnitRemote UnitsBTSFrequency Band 1BTSFrequency Band 2BTSFrequency Band 3,EVELADJUSTMENT 3ERVICECOMBININGSPLITTING3IGNALCOMBININGSPLITTING%LECTRICAL/PTICALCONVERSION/PTICAL%LECTRICALCONVERSIONFig. 2.15: Block diagram of an ION-B confi guration supporting a triple-band system with NOT DUPLEXED base stations.
28 ION-B User Manual
29MN024-0103. TFAx Remote Unit
30 ION-B User Manual3.1. IntroductionThe Main Tasks of the TFAx Unit:Downlink (DL):• Optical-to-RF conversion of the input optical signal• Automatic Gain Control (AGC) of each converted signal, in order to compensate optical losses;• RF amplifi cation: the converted RF signal is boosted in order to maintain a good signal-to-noise ratio• RF fi ltering: a proper fi lter rejects the spurious emissions• RF duplexing and splitting: the boosted RF signal is conveyed to 2 antenna portsUplink (UL):• RF amplifi cation: a low noise amplifi er boosts the signal received from antennas in order to maintain a good signal-to-noise ratio• RF fi ltering: the boosted signal is cleaned of the spurious emissions Fig. 3.1.1: ION-B Remote Units: different cases for different solutions(a)(b)(d) (e)(c)
31MN024-010• Automatic Level Control (ALC): the RF signal level is adjusted according to blocking requirements• RF-to-optical conversion of the signal, which is fi nally conveyed to the output optical portDifferent Types of Remote UnitsIn order to allow radio coverage with different power and band requirements, the ION-B architecture provides a wide variety of Remote Units. This allows the customer to choose the solution which best fi ts its coverage and environmental demands.Depending on the bands where the radio coverage has to be provided and on the signal power required to cover the environment, your Remote Unit will fall into one of the topologies shown in fi gure 3.1.1.The following 4 sections of the manual refer to these 4 Remote Unit topologies. Please follow the instructions described in the section corresponding to the case (A, B, R, R2, F) of your particular Remote Unit.The case of your Remote Unit can be easily identifi ed in Figure 3.1: or, as an alternative, you could contact your Sales representative or check it on the offi cial ION-B Brochure (see fi g. 3.1.2),.As in fi g. 3.1.2, the “TFAM 91/18/20” Remote Unit proves to be described in the Andrew bulletin PA-100508-EN. Look through the Remote Unit’s dedicated bulletin in order to get all of the technical specifi cations concerning the unit itself.Remote UnitSPower Class*, dBm Case Product Code Bulletin CodeGSM900 EGSM900 GSM1800 UMTS2100 LMR800 Cellular850 LMR900 AWS1700 PCS1900 PCS1900 Ext. 27 - - 27 - - - - - - B TFAM 90/20 PA-100582-EN - 27 - 27 - - - - - - B TFAM 91/20 PA-100583-EN - - 27 27 - - - - - - B TFAM 18/20 PA-100584-EN - 32 32 36 - - - - - - R2 TFAM91/18/20 PA-101508-EN - - - - 27 - - - 27 - B TFAM 80/19 PA-100801-EN - - - - - 27 - - 27 - B TFAM 85/19 PA-100805-EN - - - - - - - 27 27 - B TFAM 17/19 PA-101848-EN - - 27 - - 27 - - - - B TFAM 85/18 PA-100808-EN - - - 27 - 27 - - - - B TFAM85/20 PA-100809-EN - - - - 21 - 21 - - 27 B TFAM80/92/19E PA-101058-ENFig. 3.1.2: Remote Unit description in the offi cial ION-B Brochure (Rev. 03/07)
32 ION-B User ManualTFAMCase A
33MN024-010TFAMCase A3.3. Case A Remote UnitDimensions and Weight:Dimensions: 38 x 240 x 200 mm (1.5 x 9.4 x 7.9 inches)Weight : please refer to the Remote Unit dedicated bulletin in order to discover any updated data regarding the weight of the case A Remote UnitRF ports:• 2 RF antenna ports, transmitting/receiving signals to/from distributed antennas. RF antenna ports are duplexed N-female connectors. These RF ports can be connected to the antennas either directly (ie. through RF jumper cables) or through splitters, thus allowing more antennas to be fed. Unused RF ports have to be terminated with a 50 Ω load.• 1 RF auxiliary input and 1 auxiliary output (designed to receive and transmit additional signals). Auxiliary input and output ports are SMA-female connectors.Optical ports:• 1 optical output port, transmitting UL signals to TFLN master optical TRX• 1 optical input port, receiving DL signals from TFLN master optical TRXPower supply connectorUL opticalportDL opticalportRF auxiliary UL channel inputRF antennaportRF auxiliary DL channel outputRF antennaportExternal alarm connectionLED alerts Green =power ON;Red = major alarmFig. 3.2.1: TFAx Case A Remote Unit
34 ION-B User ManualTFAMCase Away.Power SupplyThe Case A Remote Unit is provided with a TPSN external power supply (Fig. 3.2.4 a,b), available either for universal mains (90 to 264) or for negative supply. (-72 to -36 Vdc).Visual Alarms:Two control LEDs are provided on the TFAx front side (Fig. 3.2.2). The green LED indicates the power supply status, while the red LED indicates any major Remote Unit failures (please refer to Table 3.4).Led colour MeaningRed Low optical power at DL input and/or RF amplifi er failureGreen Power supply OKDry Contact Alarms:TFAx is provided with two dry contact inputs which can be connected (through .062” MOLEX plugs) to any external device. The alarm information regarding this external device is able to be signalled through the red LED of the TFAx LED panel and displayed on the Supervision System in this Figure 3.2.3:Dry contacts for external alarmsFigure 3.2.2 - LED alarms on the upper-front side of Case B Remote Units (including Power version) Table 3.2.1 - Description of the LEDs of Case-A remote untsFigure 3.2.4 - The Case-A power supply inlet (a) can be connected either with the ION-B 220Vac power adapter (b) or with the -48 Vdc one ( c), depending on the chosen version.(b)(c)(a)
35MN024-010TFAMCase ATPSN external power supplies provide the Case A Remote Unit with +5Vdc power, by means of a 3-pole connector.Warnings (to be read before Remote Units are installed)Dealing with optical output portsThe TFAx Remote Unit contains semiconductor lasers. Invisible laser beams may be emitted from the optical output ports. Do not look towards the optical ports while equipment is switched on.Choosing a proper installation site for the Remote Units • TFAx Remote Units have to be installed as close as possible to the radiating antennas, in order to minimize coaxial cable length, thus reducing downlink power loss and uplink noise fi gures.• When positioning the TFAx Remote Unit, be sure to place related antennas in such a way as to minimize the Minimum Coupling Loss (MLC), in order to avoid blocking.• The TFAx Remote Unit is intended to be fi xed on walls, false ceilings or other fl at vertical surfaces (TKA installation kits are available, they provide a protective cover for the TFAx Remote Unit, while making installation easier and faster).Handling optical connections• When inserting an optical connector, take care to handle it so that the optical fi bre is not damaged. Optical fi bres are to be in single-mode (SM) 9.5/125µm.• Typically, ION-B equipment is provided with SC-APC optical connectors (other connectors are provided upon request). Inserting any other connectors will result in severe damage.• Do not force or stretch the fi bre pigtail with curvature radius of less than 5cm. See fi gure on right for optimal fi bre cabling.• Remove the adapter caps only just before making connections. Do not leave any SC-Figure 3.2.5 - Handling optical connections with ION-B Remote Units.WRONGCORRECT
36 ION-B User ManualTFAMCase AAPC adapters open, as they attract dirt. Unused optical connectors must always be covered with their caps.• Do not touch the connector tip. Clean it with suitable material before inserting each connector into its sleeve. If connector tips require cleaning, use only pure ethyl alcohol.TFAx Case A installationThe Case B Remote Unit is able to be fi xed to walls, false ceilings or other fl at vertical surfaces, either directly or through a TKA04 installation kit (optional).Installing a Case A Remote Unit WITHOUT the TKA kitThe TFAx kit includes:1. a Remote Unit TFAx 2. a TPSN external power supply adapter (86 to 264 Vac or -72 to -36 Vdc, according to the chosen model)3. a VDE connector or a -48 Vdc plug (according to the chosen model)The TKA04 kit includes:A. four screw anchors (fi xing the wall bearing to the wall)B. fi ve screw anchors (fi xing the TFAx Case A to the wall bearing)C. a wall mounting box (wall bearing + cover)D. a splice holderPlease consider these guidelines in order to choose the correct positioning of the Remote Unit and of its power supply:• Under no circumstances should any piece of equipment be affected by the heat (a) (b)Figure 3.2.6: Example of proper mounting confi guration, which assures proper heat dissipation. Note that the Remote Unit and its power supply adapter are mounted side-by-side, and the power supply adapter has the socket downwards. The Figures refer to a 90/264 vac TFAx Case A (an) and to a -36/-72 Vdc TFAx Case A (b).
37MN024-010TFAMCase Acreated by any other piece. The Remote Unit and its external power supply should be mounted so as to avoid reciprocal heating. Side-by-side confi guration is suggested (Fig. 3.2.6 a,b)• Remote Units are provided with cooling fi ns which allow the optimization of heat dissipation. In order for them to function properly, the mounting environment should allow for the necessary air changeover• It is strongly recommended not to mount the external power supply on a horizontal surface because this position does not allow heat dissipation. External power supplies must be mounted on vertical surfaces.• In order to assure proper heat dissipation, external power supplies must be mounted in a vertical position with the power socket downwards (see Fig. 3.2.7 a,b). Once you have chosen a location for the Remote Unit, please follow these instructions:1. In order to install the M4 screw anchors (not included) which hold up the TFAx Remote Unit, drill into the wall according to the proper layout shown in Fig. 3.2.9.2. Fix the TFAx to the wall by fi rmly tightening the screws into the anchors. 3. In order to install the M4 screw anchors (not included) which hold up the power supply Fig. 3.2.7. (a) inside of the Splice Tray, with the Splice Holder positioned properly; closed splice tray (b)(a)(b)SPLICE HOLDERexternal adapter, drill into the wall according to the proper layout of your power supply, shown in fi g.3.3.10b4. Fix the external power supply adapter to the wall by fi rmly tightening the screw into the anchors.5. Fix the splice holder inside the splice tray (not included) See Fig. 3.2.7 a,b.6. Splice the optical fi bres and close the splice tray. While handling the fi bers, be careful not to bend them. 7. Fix the splice tray beside the Remote Unit.8. Connect the external adapter to the TFAx Remote Unit with the proper cable.9. If the Remote Unit is -48 Vdc powered, use the -48 Vdc plug (included) in order to
38 ION-B User ManualTFAMCase Aconnect the external adapter to the -48 Vdc supply (Fig. 3.2.6 b). If the Remote Unit is 90/264 Vac-powered, fi x the 90/264 Vac plug (included) onto a power cord (not included), and use this cable to connect the external adapter to the mains (Fig. 3.2.6 a).10. Connect the antenna RF cables to the RF antenna ports. Connect the UL and DL optical connectors.11. Once the installation is fi nished, please follow the section “TFAx Case A Start-up” in order to carry out a proper system start up.Installation of the Case A Remote Unit WITH the TKA04 installation kitThe TFAx Case A kit includes: 1. a Remote Unit TFAx 2. a 50 Ω load3. a TPSN external power supply adapter (86 to 264 Vac or -72 to -36 Vdc, according to the chosen model)4. a VDE connector or a -48 Vdc plug (according to the chosen model)The TKA04 kit includes:A. four screw anchors (fi xing the wall bearing to the wall)B. fi ve screw anchors (fi xing the TFAx Case A to the wall bearing)C. a wall mounting box (wall bearing + cover)D. a splice holderPlease consider these guidelines carefully in order to decide the proper positioning of the Figure 3.2.8: Example of proper mounting confi guration, which assures proper heat dissipation. Note that the Remote Unit and its power supply adapter are mounted side-by-side, and the power supply adapter has the socket downwards. The Figures refer to a 90/264 vac TFAx Case A (a) and to a -36/-72 Vdc TFAx Case A (b), respectively.(a) (b)
39MN024-010TFAMCase ARemote Unit and its power supply:• Under no circumstances should any piece of equipment be affected by the heat created by any other piece. The Remote Unit and its external power supply should be mounted so as to avoid reciprocal heating. Side-by-side confi guration is suggested (Fig. 3.2.8 a,b)• It is strongly recommended not to mount the external power supply on a horizontal surface because this position does not allow for heat dissipation. External power supplies must be mounted on vertical surfaces.• In order to assure proper heat dissipation, the external power supplies must be mounted in a vertical position with the power socket downwards (see Fig. 3.2.8 a,b). Once you have chosen the position of the Remote Unit mounting case, please follow these instructions:1. Unscrew the 4 screws which lock the lower cover of the TKA04 wall bearing (see Fig. 3.2.12 a)2. In order to install the M4 screw anchors (included) which hold up the TKA04 wall bearing, drill into the wall according to the TKA layout shown in Fig. 3.2.11.3. Fix the TKA04 wall bearing by fi rmly tightening the screws into the anchors. 4. In order to install the M4 screw anchors (not included) which hold up the power supply external adapter, drill into the wall according to the power supply layout shown in Fig.3.3.10 b.5. Fix the external power supply adapter to the wall by fi rmly tightening the screws into the anchors (Fig. 3.2.13 b).6. Carefully open the splice tray by using a screwdriver as in Fig. 3.2.12 c. Fix the splice holder inside the splice tray (Fig. 3.2.6 a). Splice the optical fi bres and close the splice tray. While handling the fi bers, take care not to bend them. Close the splice tray.7. Fix the Remote Unit to the wall-bearing by using the included screws (Fig. 3.2.6 b).8. If the Remote Unit is -48 Vdc powered, use the -48 Vdc plug (included) in order to connect the external adapter to the -48 Vdc mains (Fig. 3.2.8 b). If the Remote Unit is 90/264 Vac-powered, fi x the 90/264 Vac plug (included) onto a power cord (not included), and use this cable in order to connect the external adapter to the mains (Fig. 3.2.8 a).9. Connect the antenna RF cables to the RF antenna ports. Connect the UL and DL optical connectors (Fig. 3.2.12 e). If the power cable has properly been connected to the mains, both the green and the red LEDs should turn on. The green LED will remain lit to indicate that the unit is powered on, while the red LED will turn off as soon as the local unit is switched on (for further details about the start up of the system, please refer to the section “TFAx Case A Start-up”)10. Fix the lower cover by fastening the 4 screws (Fig. 3.2.12 f)
40 ION-B User ManualTFAMCase AFigure 3.2.9 : Case A layout with waal anchor quotes
41MN024-010TFAMCase AX Figure 3.2.10: Layout of the 220Vac/+5Vdc power adapter, provided with Case A Remote Units.
42 ION-B User ManualTFAMCase AFigure 3.2.11: Layout of the TKA installation kit for TFAx Remote Unit, Case A.
43MN024-010TFAMCase A(e) (f)Figure 3.2.12: Mounting the TFAx Case A Remote Unit with a TKA installation kit. Please not that the Figures do not show the mounting of the external power supply.adapter.(a) (b)(c) (d)
44 ION-B User ManualTFAx Case A Start-UpBefore the TFAx Remote Unit is switched on, make sure that:• the modules hosted in the master unit have been connected to each other with RF jumpers, according to the system design• every TFLN master optical TRX has been connected to its Remote Units• each Remote Unit has been connected to its coverage antennasFor a correct system start-up, all the Remote Units have to be switched on prior to the master unit. Once the TFAx has been switched on, its behaviour can be summarized as per the following indicators:1. When the Remote Unit is turned on, both the LEDs upon the warm side turn on for a couple of seconds2. After that, the unit’s green LED remains on (thus indicating proper power supply), while the red LED switches off as soon as the master unit is turned on (meaning that DL optical power is OK and no alarms are present).3. Once the master unit has been switched on, the status of both LEDs should be those indicated in Table 3.2.1. In case the red LED remains on, please refer to the Troubleshooting section. 4. After being switched on, the Remote Unit should start up correctly and in order to be recognized by the supervision management system, the corresponding TFLN master optical TRX should carry out the discovery phase (please refer to the Supervision System Manual for more details). During this phase, which can last for up to a max. 4min, depending on the system complexity, the TFLN LED blinks. Do not connect/disconnect any cables or pieces of equipment during the discovery phase! This may result in the identifi cation failure of the Remote Unit.Note: in case discovery doesn’t start automatically, check through either the LMT or the remote supervision for whether it has been disabled (refer to LMT or remote Supervision System manuals for further information).TFAx Case A TroubleshootingPlease refer to the TFAx Case A and Case B troubleshooting for a full overview of the troubleshooting procedures for Case A Remote Units.
45MN024-010TFAMCase B3.4. Case B Remote UnitDimensions and Weight:Dimensions: 38 x 240 x 240 mm (1.5 x 9.4 x 9.4 inches)Weight : please refer to the Remote Unit dedicated bulletin in order to discover any updated data regarding the weight of the Case B Remote Unit(a)(b)Power supply connectorUL opticalportDL opticalportRF auxiliary UL channel inputRF antennaportRF auxiliary DL channel outputRF antennaportExternal alarm connectionLED alerts Green =power ON;Red = major alarmPower supply connectorUL opticalportDL opticalportRF auxiliary UL channel inputRF antennaportRF auxiliary DL channel inputRF antennaportExternal alarm connectionLED alerts Green =power ON;Red = major alarmFig. 3.3.1: TFAx Case B Remote Unit (a) and TFAx Case B Remote Unit, Power version (b)
46 ION-B User ManualTFAMCase BRF ports:• 2 RF antenna ports, transmitting/receiving signals to/from distributed antennas. RF antenna ports are duplexed N-female connectors. These RF ports can be connected to the antennas either directly (ie. through RF jumper cables) or through splitters, thus allowing more antennas to be fed. Unused RF ports have to be terminated with a 50 Ω load.• 1 RF auxiliary input and 1 auxiliary output (designed to receive and transmit additional signals). Auxiliary input and output ports are SMA-female connectors.Optical ports:• 1 optical output port, transmitting UL signals to TFLN master optical TRX• 1 optical input port, receiving DL signals from TFLN master optical TRXVisual Alarms:Two control LEDs are provided on the TFAx front side (Fig. 3.3.2). The green LED indicates the power supply status, while the red LED indicates any major Remote Unit failures (please refer to Table 3.4).Led colour MeaningRed Low optical power at DL input and/or RF amplifi er failureGreen Power supply OKDry Contact Alarms:TFAx is provided with two dry contact inputs which can be connected (through .062” MOLEX plugs) to any external device. The alarm information regarding this external device is able to be signalled through the red LED of the TFAx LED panel and displayed on the Supervision System in this way.Figure 3.3.3 - Dry contacts for external alarms on (a) Case B Remote Unit and (b) case-B Power Remote Unit(a)(b)Figure 3.3.2 - LED alarms on the upper-front side of Case B Remote Units (including Power version) Table 3.3.1 - Description of the LEDs of Case-B remote unts
47MN024-010TFAMCase BFigure 3.3.4 - The Case-B power supply inlet (a) can be connected either with the ION-B 220Vac power adapter (b) or with the -48 Vdc one ( c), depending on the chosen version.Likewise, the Case-B Power version (d) can be connected either to the ION-B 220Vac power adapter or to the -48Vdc one (e).(b)(c)(e)(a)(d)Power SupplyThe Case B and Case B, Power version Remote Units are provided with different types of TPSN external power supplies (Fig. 3.3.4 a,b), available either for universal mains (90 to 264) or for negative supply. (-72 to -36 Vdc).TPSN external power supplies for Case-B Remote Units provide the with +5Vdc power, by means of a 3-pole connector (Fig. 3.20 c).TPSN external power supplies for Case-B, Power version Remote Units provide the with +28Vdc power, by means of a shielded circular connector (Fig. 3.20 c).Before installing your Remote Unit, please check you have been provided with the proper external power supply. Should you have any doubt, please contact your Sales representative.
48 ION-B User ManualTFAMCase BWarnings (to be read before Remote Units are installed)Dealing with optical output portsThe TFAx Remote Unit contains semiconductor lasers. Invisible laser beams may be emitted from the optical output ports. Do not look towards the optical ports while equipment is switched on.Choosing a proper installation site for the Remote Units • TFAx Remote Units have to be installed as close as possible to the radiating antennas, in order to minimize coaxial cable length, thus reducing downlink power loss and uplink noise fi gures.• When positioning the TFAx Remote Unit, be sure to place related antennas in such a way as to minimize the Minimum Coupling Loss (MLC), in order to avoid blocking.• The TFAx Remote Unit is intended to be fi xed on walls, false ceilings or other fl at vertical surfaces (TKA installation kits are available, they provide a protective cover for the TFAx Remote Unit, while making installation easier and faster).Handling optical connections• When inserting an optical connector, take care to handle it so that the optical fi bre is not damaged. Optical fi bres are to be in single-mode (SM) 9.5/125µm.• Typically, ION-B equipment is provided with SC-APC optical connectors (other connectors are provided upon request). Inserting any other connectors will result in severe damage.• Do not force or stretch the fi bre pigtail with curvature radius of less than 5cm. See fi gure on right for optimal fi bre cabling.• Remove the adapter caps only just before making connections. Do not leave any SC-APC adapters open, as they attract dirt. Unused optical connectors must always be covered with their caps.Figure 3.3.5 - Handling optical connections with ION-B Remote Units.WRONGCORRECT
49MN024-010TFAMCase B• Do not touch the connector tip. Clean it with suitable material before inserting each connector into its sleeve. If connector tips require cleaning, use only pure ethyl alcohol.TFAx Case B installationThe Case B Remote Unit is able to be fi xed to walls, false ceilings or other fl at vertical surfaces, either directly or through a TKA04 installation kit (optional).Installing a Case B Remote Unit WITHOUT the TKA kitThe TFAx kit includes:1. a Remote Unit TFAx 2. a TPSN external power supply adapter (86 to 264 Vac or -72 to -36 Vdc, according to the chosen model)3. a VDE connector or a -48 Vdc plug (according to the chosen model)The TKA04 kit includes:A. four screw anchors (fi xing the wall bearing to the wall)B. fi ve screw anchors (fi xing the TFAx Case B to the wall bearing)C. a wall mounting box (wall bearing + cover)D. a splice holderPlease consider these guidelines in order to choose the correct positioning of the Remote Unit and of its power supply:• Under no circumstances should any piece of equipment be affected by the heat created by any other piece. The Remote Unit and its external power supply should be mounted so as to avoid reciprocal heating. Side-by-side confi guration is suggested (Fig. 3.3.6 a,b)(a) (b)Figure 3.3.6: Example of proper mounting confi guration, which assures proper heat dissipation. Note that the Remote Unit and its power supply adapter are mounted side-by-side, and the power supply adapter has the socket downwards. The Figures refer to a 90/264 vac TFAx Case B (an) and to a -36/-72 Vdc TFAx Case B (b).
50 ION-B User ManualTFAMCase B• Remote Units are provided with cooling fi ns which allow the optimization of heat dissipation. In order for them to function properly, the mounting environment should allow for the necessary air changeover• It is strongly recommended not to mount the external power supply on a horizontal surface because this position does not allow heat dissipation. External power supplies must be mounted on vertical surfaces.• In order to assure proper heat dissipation, external power supplies must be mounted in a vertical position with the power socket downwards (see Fig. 3.3.6 a,b). Once you have chosen a location for the Remote Unit, please follow these instructions:1. In order to install the M4 screw anchors (not included) which hold up the TFAx Remote Unit, drill into the wall according to the proper layout shown in Fig. 3.3.9.2. Fix the TFAx to the wall by fi rmly tightening the screws into the anchors. 3. In order to install the M4 screw anchors (not included) which hold up the power supply external adapter, drill into the wall according to the proper layout of your power supply, shown in fi g.3.4.10b4. Fix the external power supply adapter to the wall by fi rmly tightening the screw into the anchors.5. Fix the splice holder inside the splice tray (not included) See Fig. 3.3.7 a,b.6. Splice the optical fi bres and close the splice tray. While handling the fi bers, be careful not to bend them. 7. Fix the splice tray beside the Remote Unit.8. Connect the external adapter to the TFAx Remote Unit with the proper cable.9. If the Remote Unit is -48 Vdc powered, use the -48 Vdc plug (included) in order to connect the external adapter to the -48 Vdc supply (Fig. 3.3.6 b). If the Remote Unit is 90/264 Vac-powered, fi x the 90/264 Vac plug (included) onto a power cord (not included), and use this cable to connect the external adapter to the mains (Fig. 3.3.6 a).10. Connect the antenna RF cables to the RF antenna ports. Connect the UL and DL optical connectors.11. Once the installation is fi nished, please follow the section “TFAx Case B Start-up” in order to carry out a proper system start up.Fig. 3.3.7. (a) inside of the Splice Tray, with the Splice Holder positioned properly; closed splice tray (b)(a)(b)SPLICE HOLDER
51MN024-010TFAMCase BInstallation of the Case B Remote Unit WITH the TKA04 installation kitThe TFAx Case B kit includes: 1. a Remote Unit TFAx 2. a 50 Ω load3. a TPSN external power supply adapter (86 to 264 Vac or -72 to -36 Vdc, according to the chosen model)4. a VDE connector or a -48 Vdc plug (according to the chosen model)The TKA04 kit includes:A. four screw anchors (fi xing the wall bearing to the wall)B. fi ve screw anchors (fi xing the TFAx Case B to the wall bearing)C. a wall mounting box (wall bearing + cover)D. a splice holderPlease consider these guidelines carefully in order to decide the proper positioning of the Remote Unit and its power supply:• Under no circumstances should any piece of equipment be affected by the heat created by any other piece. The Remote Unit and its external power supply should be mounted so as to avoid reciprocal heating. Side-by-side confi guration is suggested (Fig. 3.3.8 a,b)• It is strongly recommended not to mount the external power supply on a horizontal surface because this position does not allow for heat dissipation. External power supplies must be mounted on vertical surfaces.• In order to assure proper heat dissipation, the external power supplies must be mounted Figure 3.3.8: Example of proper mounting confi guration, which assures proper heat dissipation. Note that the Remote Unit and its power supply adapter are mounted side-by-side, and the power supply adapter has the socket downwards. The Figures refer to a 90/264 vac TFAx Case B (a) and to a -36/-72 Vdc TFAx Case B (b), respectively.(a) (b)
52 ION-B User ManualTFAMCase Bin a vertical position with the power socket downwards (see Fig. 3.3.8 a,b). Once you have chosen the position of the Remote Unit mounting case, please follow these instructions:1. Unscrew the 4 screws which lock the lower cover of the TKA04 wall bearing (see Fig. 3.3.12 a)2. In order to install the M4 screw anchors (included) which hold up the TKA04 wall bearing, drill into the wall according to the TKA layout shown in Fig. 3.3.11.3. Fix the TKA04 wall bearing by fi rmly tightening the screws into the anchors. 4. In order to install the M4 screw anchors (not included) which hold up the power supply external adapter, drill into the wall according to the power supply layout shown in Fig.3.4.10 b.5. Fix the external power supply adapter to the wall by fi rmly tightening the screws into the anchors (Fig. 3.2.13 b).6. Carefully open the splice tray by using a screwdriver as in Fig. 3.3.12 c. Fix the splice holder inside the splice tray (Fig. 3.3.6 a). Splice the optical fi bres and close the splice tray. While handling the fi bers, take care not to bend them. Close the splice tray.7. Fix the Remote Unit to the wall-bearing by using the included screws (Fig. 3.3.6 b).8. If the Remote Unit is -48 Vdc powered, use the -48 Vdc plug (included) in order to connect the external adapter to the -48 Vdc mains (Fig. 3.3.8 b). If the Remote Unit is 90/264 Vac-powered, fi x the 90/264 Vac plug (included) onto a power cord (not included), and use this cable in order to connect the external adapter to the mains (Fig. 3.3.8 a).9. Connect the antenna RF cables to the RF antenna ports. Connect the UL and DL optical connectors (Fig. 3.3.12 e). If the power cable has properly been connected to the mains, both the green and the red LEDs should turn on. The green LED will remain lit to indicate that the unit is powered on, while the red LED will turn off as soon as the local unit is switched on (for further details about the start up of the system, please refer to the section “TFAx Case B Start-up”)10. Fix the lower cover by fastening the 4 screws (Fig. 3.3.12 f) TFAx Case B Start-UpBefore the TFAx Remote Unit is switched on, make sure that:• the modules hosted in the master unit have been connected to each other with RF jumpers, according to the system design• every TFLN master optical TRX has been connected to its Remote Units• each Remote Unit has been connected to its coverage antennasFor a correct system start-up, all the Remote Units have to be switched on prior to the master unit.
53MN024-010TFAMCase BFigure 3.3.9 : Case B layout with wall anchor quotes
54 ION-B User ManualTFAMCase BXX(a)(b)Figure 3.3.10: (a) Layout of the 220Vac/+5Vdc power adapter, provided with Case B Remote Units.(b) Layout of the 220Vac/+5Vdc power adapter, provided with Case B Remote Units.
55MN024-010TFAMCase BFigure 3.3.11: Layout of the TKA installation kit, provided with Case B Remote Units.
56 ION-B User ManualTFAMCase B(a) (b)(c) (d)(e) (f)Figure 3.3.12: Mounting the TFAx Remote Unit with a TKA installation kit. Please not that the Figures do not show the mounting of the external power supply.adapter.
57MN024-010TFAMCase BOnce the TFAx has been switched on, its behaviour can be summarized as per the following indicators:1. When the Remote Unit is turned on, both the LEDs upon the warm side turn on for a couple of seconds2. After that, the unit’s green LED remains on (thus indicating proper power supply), while the red LED switches off as soon as the master unit is turned on (meaning that DL optical power is OK and no alarms are present).3. Once the master unit has been switched on, the status of both LEDs should be those indicated in Table 3.3.1. In case the red LED remains on, please refer to the Troubleshooting section. 4. After being switched on, the Remote Unit should start up correctly and in order to be recognized by the supervision management system, the corresponding TFLN master optical TRX should carry out the discovery phase (please refer to the Supervision System Manual for more details). During this phase, which can last for up to a max. 4min, depending on the system complexity, the TFLN LED blinks. Do not connect/disconnect any cables or pieces of equipment during the discovery phase! This may result in the identifi cation failure of the Remote Unit.Note: in case discovery doesn’t start automatically, check through either the LMT or the remote supervision for whether it has been disabled (refer to LMT or remote Supervision System manuals for further information).TFAx Case B TroubleshootingFaults can be revealed by LEDs on the TFAx front panel, as well as by LMT or the Supervision System (running on the remote supervision unit)Both the LMT and the Supervision System are able to provide complete information about the cause of the alarm. As a consequence, troubleshooting procedures can be immediate when failure detection is carried out directly through either the LMT or the Supervision System.ION-B modules are designed to exchange information, meaning that each Remote Unit can receive failure notifi cations from its external equipment through dry-contact connections. Moreover, the TFAx constantly monitors the optical signal received from its TFLN unit to control optical losses.Tables 3.3.2 shows a brief description of the alarms related to the Case B Remote Unit, with reference to the corresponding alerted LEDs and to the actions to be carried out in case of a fault.As the Tables show, minor alarms (low priority alarms) are revealed only by either the LMTs or
58 ION-B User ManualTFAMCase Bthe Supervision Systems, and not through LEDs. Minor alarms detect critical situations which should be checked and tested in order to avoid future possible system faults. Each Remote Unit is provided with an AGC system which comes in after the optical-to-RF conversion. This AGC is able to correctly compensate optical losses when these are estimated to be <3.5 dB. In case optical losses are > 3.5dB, the LMT application and the ION-B supervision unit will display a “Warning” alarm: the whole system still work, but AGC is near to its borderline levels. The red LED switches on when the estimated optical losses are >4.5 dB, the AGC not being able to compensate these losses any more.ALARM CODE(TSUN description)ALARM DESCRIPTION ACTIVE LEDSUPERVISION PRIORITY LEVELACTION RECOMMENDEDRELÉ PRIORITY LEVEL(subrack)Antenna DC loop alarm ALWAYS OKDL optical power fail1The optical power received on the DL is too low and can’t no more be compensatedRED MAJORCheck the DL fi bre and the TFLN laser statusMAJORAGC out of range1The optical power received is under the allowed 3dB optical loss but it can be compensatedNONE WARNING Clean optical connectors MINORDL RF alarm in Band 1HW failure on the DL low band RF sectionRED CRITICAL Return the unit MAJORDL RF alarm in Band 2HW failure on the DL high band RF sectionRED CRITICAL Return the unit MAJORDL RF alarmin Band 3 (if present)HW failure on the DL UMTS band RF sectionRED CRITICAL Return the unit MAJORExternal 1 alarmAlarm on the device connected on dry-contact 1RED MAJORCheck the external device or alarm connectionMAJORExternal 2 alarmAlarm on the device connected on dry-contact 2RED MAJORCheck the external device or alarm connectionMAJORPower supply alarmUPS HW failure or malfunction.RF is turned OFFRED MAJORCheck the external PSU. If it works properly, return the unitMAJORInternal BUS alarmA malfunctioning on the digital part involves a fault in monitoring functionalitiesRED CRITICAL Return the unit MAJORTemperature alarmOver-temperature alarm NONE MINOR Check ventilation and environment MINORTable 3.3.2: Description of the alarms of the Case-B Remote Unit, as they are presented by the LMT application or by the Supervision interface0dBm-3.5dBm-4.5dBmFig. 3.3.13:AGC thresholds vs LED alertsNormalWarningAlarm
59MN024-010TFAMCase BAs shown in the previous table, the same red LED switches on to reveal any major failures. By following the next troubleshooting procedure, it will be possible to better understand what problem has occurred.Note:Each Remote Unit is provided with an AGC system which kicks in after the optical-to-RF conversion. This AGC can correctly compensate for optical losses when they are estimated to be <3.5 dB. In case optical losses are > 3.5dB, the LMT application and the ION-B supervision unit will display a “Warning” alarm: the whole system still work, but AGC is near to its borderline levels. The red LED switches on when the estimated optical losses are >4.5, because the AGC is not able to compensate for these losses anymore.startendIs the red LEDON upon the TFAx?Is the red LEDON upon the TFAx?Verify if any external equip-ment or any dry contact port have some problems.Refer to dry-contact trouble-shooting (fig.3.16b)Optical cable or optical connections are supposed to have problems on DL path. Refer to fibre optic DL troubleshooting (fig.3.16c)Clean the SC - APC optical adapters and connectors troubleshooting Is the red LEDON upon the TFAx?YesYesYesNoNoNoFigure 3.3.14 (a): Flow-chart describing the quick troubleshooting procedure of a TFAx Case B
60 ION-B User ManualTFAMCase BstartendGo to the TFLN sideThe troubleshooting procedure has not identi-fied the problem. Use the supervision system or contact assistanceDisconnect the optical SC-APC connector from the remote unit DL port.Is this dry-contact electrically closed?YesYesYesNoNoNoExternal equipment connected to this dry contact port should be faulty. Test it. Disconnect the optical fiber and clean it at both ends. Is ADL >4dB?Is any dry contact connected to some external equipment?Is the red LEDupon the TFAx still ON??Are SC-APC connectors properly installed at both fiber ends?Fix better the SC-APC connectors.Clean the optical SC-APC ports on both the TFLN and the remote unit. Measure the output power at the corre-sponding fiber ends.Disconnect the optical SC-APC connectors from the TFLN DL portsCalculate the fiber DL attenuation:ADL[dB]=input power - output powerMeasure the input power coming out of the TFLN DL portFiber optic cable has some problems. Please replace itRearrange the optical path to avoid sharp bends. If necessary, replace the optical cable with a longer one Is the red LEDupon the TFAx still ON??NoYesYesNoNoYesFigure 3.3.14 (b): Flow-chart describing the quick troubleshooting procedure of a TFAx Case B
61MN024-010TFAMCase BstartendGo to the TFLN sideThe troubleshooting procedure has not identi-fied the problem. Use the supervision system or contact assistanceDisconnect the optical SC-APC connector from the remote unit DL port.Is this dry-contact electrically closed?YesYesYesNoNoNoExternal equipment connected to this dry contact port should be faulty. Test it. Disconnect the optical fiber and clean it at both ends. Is ADL >4dB?Is any dry contact connected to some external equipment?Is the red LEDupon the TFAx still ON??Are SC-APC connectors properly installed at both fiber ends?Fix better the SC-APC connectors.Clean the optical SC-APC ports on both the TFLN and the remote unit. Measure the output power at the corre-sponding fiber ends.Disconnect the optical SC-APC connectors from the TFLN DL portsCalculate the fiber DL attenuation:ADL[dB]=input power - output powerMeasure the input power coming out of the TFLN DL portFiber optic cable has some problems. Please replace itRearrange the optical path to avoid sharp bends. If necessary, replace the optical cable with a longer one Is the red LEDupon the TFAx still ON??NoYesYesNoNoYesFigure 3.3.14 (c): Flow-chart describing the quick troubleshooting procedure of a TFAx Case B
62 ION-B User ManualTFAMCase BAs shown in the previous table, the same red LED switches on to reveal any major failures. By following the next troubleshooting procedure, it will be possible to better understand what problem occurred.Quick troubleshooting procedure (The following procedure is summarized by the fl ow-chart in Fig. 3.3.14a)If the red LED is LIT, please follow these steps:1. Refer to dry-contact troubleshooting in order to discover whether or not the alarm is a result of external equipment failure.2. If dry-contact troubleshooting has not revealed any failures, clean the optical adapters.3. If the problem still persists, refer to the fi bre optic DL troubleshooting procedures to see if the optical cables or connections have any problems along the DL path.4. If none of the previous actions served to switch off the LED, replace the unit with a new one or contact for assistance.Dry-contact troubleshooting(The following procedure is summarized by the fl ow-chart in Fig. 3.3.14b)This procedure should be considered if at least one TFAx dry-contact is connected to any external equipment. If not, return to main troubleshooting procedure.These steps aim to detect any failure inside external equipment or dry-contact ports. If the dry-contacts aren’t able to reveal any equipment malfunctions or port failures, then return to the main troubleshooting procedure.For any dry-contact that is connected to external equipment, follow these steps: 1. Disconnect it, and check the TFAx LED status after the disconnection.2. If the red LED has switched off, any external equipment that is connected to the dry contact port is probably faulty. Please test it.3. If the TFAx red LED still remains on after the disconnection, measure the voltage between the terminals of the dry contact port. a. If the terminals are electrically closed, the dry-contact port is faulty. Contact the manufacturer for assistance.b. If the terminals are open, this means neither the analysis of the present dry contact nor the one of its external equipment has revealed failures. Re-connect the present dry contact port to its external equipment. If the TFAx has any other unchecked dry-contacts connected to external equipment, apply the whole procedure (i.e. steps 1-3) to this new port
63MN024-010TFAMCase BFibre optic DL troubleshooting(The following procedure is summarized by the fl ow-chart in Fig. 3.3.14c)1. Check to see if there are any points in which fi bres are experiencing a short radius of curvature. In these cases, rearrange the optical path in order to avoid sharp bends (if necessary, replace the optical cable with a longer one). If the TFLN red LED switches off, troubleshooting has been successfully carried out. Otherwise, follow the next steps.2. Check to see if SC-APC connectors are properly installed at both fi bre ends. In case they are not, replug the SC-SPC connectors to adapters. If the TFLN red LED switches off, troubleshooting has been successful. Otherwise, follow the next steps.3. Disconnect the optical fi bre and clean it at both ends, then clean the SC-APC ports on both the TFLN and the Remote Unit. Re-connect the fi bre to relevant ports after cleaning. If it hasn’t made the TFLN red LED switch off, follow the next steps.4. Disconnect the optical SC-APC connector from the Remote Unit’s DL port, and measure the output power POUT(DL) at the corresponding fi bre end. Then, go to the TFLN side, disconnect the optical SC-APC connector from the TFLN DL port and measure the input power PIN(DL) coming out of the TFLN DL port. Calculate the DL fi bre attenuation ADL as ADL [dB] = PIN(DL) – POUT(DL) a. If ADL > 4dB, then there are problems with the fi bre optic cable. Replace it with a new one.b. If ADL < 4dB, the troubleshooting procedure has not identifi ed the problem. Refer to the Supervision System or contact assistance.
64 ION-B User ManualTFAMCase R
65MN024-010TFAMCase R3.5. Case R Remote UnitDimensions and WeightDimensions: mm. 564 x 255 x 167 (inches 21.5 x 10 x 8.1)Weight: please refer to the Remote Unit dedicated bulletin in order to know the updated data about the weight of your case-R Remote Unit.Figure 3.4.1: ION-B, Case-R Remote Unit: (a) Remote Unit view; (b) front view(a)(b)Power supply connectorDL opticalportUL opticalportRF auxiliaryDL channel outputRF antennaportRF auxiliary UL channel inputExternal alarm connectionLED alerts Green =power ON;Red = major alarmRS-232port
66 ION-B User ManualTFAMCase RRF ports:• 1 RF antenna port, transmitting/receiving signals to/from distributed antennas. This RF antenna port is a duplexed N-female connectors. The port can be connected to the antenna either directly (ie. through RF jumper cables) or through splitters, thus allowing more antennas to be fed. • 1 RF auxiliary input and 1 RF auxiliary output (designed to receive and transmit additional signals). Auxiliary input and output ports are SMA-female connectors.Optical ports:• 1 optical output port, transmitting UL signals to TFLN master optical TRX;• 1 optical input port, receiving DL signals from TFLN master optical TRX.Visual alarms:Two control LEDs are provided on the Case-R upper side (fi g. 3.4.2).The green LED describes the power supply status, while the red LED describes the major Remote Unit failures.Led colour MeaningRed Low optical power at DL input and/or RF amplifi er failureGreen Power supply OKFigure 3.4.2:LED alarms on the upper-front side of Case B Remote Units (including Power version)Table 3.4.1 - Description of the LEDs of Case-R remote untsExternal alarmsCase-R TFAx is provided with two dry contact inputs which can be connected (through .062” MOLEX plugs) to any external device. The alarm information regarding this external device is able to be signalled through the red LED of the TFAx LED panel and displayed on the Supervision System in this way.Figure 3.4.3:LED alarms on the upper-front side of Case B Remote Units (including Power version)
67MN024-010TFAMCase RPower supply:Case-R Remote Unit is provided with a TPSN external power supply (Fig. 3.4.4 a,b), available either for universal mains (90 to 264) or for negative supply. (-72 to -36 Vdc).Before installing your Remote Unit, please check you have been provided with the proper external power supply. Should you have any doubt, please contact your Sales representative. The nominal Voltage provided by the TPSN external power supply is +28Vdc. Warnings (to be read before Remote Units are installed)Dealing with optical output portsThe Case-R Remote Unit contains semiconductor lasers. Invisible laser beams may be emitted from the optical output ports. Do not look towards the optical ports while equipment is switched on. Choosing a proper installation site for the Remote Units • Case-R Remote Units have to be installed as close as possible to the radiating antennas, in order to minimize coaxial cable length, thus reducing downlink power loss and uplink noise fi gure.• When positioning the Case-R Remote Unit, pay attention that the placing of related antennas should be decided in order to minimize the Minimum Coupling Loss (MLC), so as to avoid blocking.• The Case-R Remote Unit is intended to be fi xed on walls or other fl at vertical surfaces.Handling optical connections• When inserting an optical connector, take care to handle it so smoothly that the optical fi bre is not damaged. Optical fi bres are to be single-mode (SM) 9.5/125µm.• Typically, ION-B equipment is provided with SC-APC optical connectors (other connectors may be provided on request). Inserting any other connectors will result in severe damages.• Do not force or stretch the fi bre pigtail with radius of curvature less than 5cm. See rightward fi gure for optimal fi bre cabling.• Remove the adapter caps only just before making connections. Do not leave any SC-Figure 3.4.4. TPSN External Power Supply for TFAx Case-R Remote Unit
68 ION-B User ManualTFAMCase RAPC adapter open, as they attract dirt. Unused optical connectors must always be covered with their caps.• Do not touch the connector tip. Clean it with a proper tissue before inserting each connector into the sleeve. In case connector tips need to be cleaned, use pure ethyl alcohol.TFAx Case-R installationEach Cabinet-R Remote Unit kit includes:• 1 Cabinet-R Remote Unit;• 1 power supply cable (85 to 264 Vac or -48Vdc, depending on the power supply which has been chosen);• 1 pair of mounting plates;• 1 screw kit, including four hexagonal-head screws and a torque key.The operations which need to be carried out in order to perform a proper installation of the Cabinet-R Remote Unit are hereby described.The Cabinet-R Remote Unit has to be mounted with heat-dissipation fi ns in vertical position. The suggested installation layout is shown in Figure 3.4.5a, with the external power supply mounted side by side to the Remote Unit, using a common screw anchor to support both the Remote Unit’s right side and the power supply’s left wing.An external splice box (not included) may be mounted side by side to the power supply or to the Remote Unit, sharing an anchor with one of them (see pict 3.4.5g).1 –Drill the wall to install the four M6 screw anchors (not included) according to the layout shown in Fig. 3.4.5b. As an alternative, you can choose to install your power supply conveniently close to the Remote Unit.2 –Insert the four M6 screw anchors in the holes, and fi x the power supply to the wall (see fi g. 3.4.5c). If you planned to use a common screw anchor to support both the Remote Unit and the external power supply, take care not to screw this anchors until you fi xed the Remote Unit.3 – Fix the Remote Unit to the wall and tighten the 4 screw anchors (Fig. 3.4.5d)4 - Fix the splice holder (not included) inside a splice tray, like the one shown in Fig. 3.4.5e (not included).Make the optical splices and close the splice tray (3.5.5f).Place the splice tray inside a splice box (not included), and mount the splice box beside
69MN024-010TFAMCase R(a)(b)(c)Figure 3.4.5:Mounting the Case-R Remote Unit, Steps (a) - (c).
70 ION-B User ManualTFAMCase R(d)(e)(g)(f)(h)Figure 3.4.5:Mounting the Case-R Remote Unit, Steps (d) - (h).
71MN024-010TFAMCase R(i)(l)Figure 3.4.5:Mounting the Case-R Remote Unit, Steps (i) - (l).
72 ION-B User ManualTFAMCase Rthe Remote Unit. The suggested installation position is side by side to the power supply or to the Remote Unit, using one of their M6 anchors already installed to support the splice box as well (please see Fig. 3.4.5g, 3.4.5h).NOTE: Take care not to bend the fi bers too much. 5 - Now connect the RF cables, the optical connectors, and the power supply connector to the Remote Unit (Fig. 3.4.5i ). Take care to connect UL and DL fi bers properly.After the Remote Unit has been properly cabled, insert the power plug in the external power supply adapter, so as to connect it to the mains.6 - A fi ber protection can be placed around DL optical fi bers (Fig. 3.4.5l ).TFAx Case R TroubleshootingPlease refer to the TFAx Case R and Case R2 troubleshooting for a full overview of the troubleshooting procedures for Case R Remote Units.
73MN024-010TFAMCase R23.6. Case-R2 Remote UnitDimensions and WeightDimensions: mm. 564 x 255 x 167 (inches 21.5 x 10 x 8.1)Weight: please refer to the Remote Unit dedicated bulletin in order to know the updated data about the weight of your case-F Remote Unit.Figure 3.5.1: ION-B, Case-R2 Remote Unit: (a) fulll view; (b) front view(a)(b)Power supply connectorDL opticalportUL opticalportRF auxiliaryUL channel inputRF auxiliary DL channel outputLED alerts Green =power ON;Red = major alarmRF antennaportExternal alarm connectionRS-232port
74 ION-B User ManualTFAMCase R2RF ports:• 1 RF antenna port, transmitting/receiving signals to/from distributed antennas. This RF antenna port is a duplexed N-female connectors. The port can be connected to the antenna either directly (ie. through RF jumper cables) or through splitters, thus allowing more antennas to be fed. • 1 RF auxiliary input and 1 RF auxiliary output (designed to receive and transmit additional signals). Auxiliary input and output ports are SMA-female connectors.Optical ports:• 1 optical output port, transmitting UL signals to TFLN master optical TRX;• 1 optical input port, receiving DL signals from TFLN master optical TRX.Visual alarms:Two control LEDs are provided on the Case-R2 upper side (fi g. 3.5.2).The green LED describes the power supply status, while the red LED describes the major Remote Unit failures (fi g. 3.9).External alarmsCase-R2 TFAx is provided with two dry contact inputs which can be connected (through .062” MOLEX plugs) to any external device. The alarm information regarding this external device is able to be signalled through the red LED of the TFAx LED panel and displayed on the Supervision System in this way.Led colour MeaningRed Low optical power at DL input and/or RF amplifi er failureGreen Power supply OKFigure 3.5.2:LED alarms on the upper-front side of Case B Remote Units (including Power version)Table 3.5.1 - Description of the LEDs of Case-R2 remote untsFigure 3.5.3:LED alarms on the upper-front side of Case R2 Remote Units (including Power version)
75MN024-010TFAMCase R2Power supply:Each case-R2 Remote Unit must be ordered with a proper TPSN external power supply (Fig. 3.5.4), available either for universal mains (90 to 264) or for negative supply. (-72 to -36 Vdc).Before installing your Remote Unit, please check you have been provided with the proper external power supply. Should you have any doubt, please contact your Sales representative. The nominal Voltage provided by the TPSN external power supply is +28Vdc.Warnings (to be read before Remote Units are installed)Dealing with optical output portsThe Cabinet-R2 Remote Unit contains semiconductor lasers. Invisible laser beams may be emitted from the optical output ports. Do not look towards the optical ports while equipment is switched on.Choosing a proper installation site for the Remote Units • Cabinet R2 Remote Units have to be installed as close as possible to the radiating antennas, in order to minimize coaxial cable length, thus reducing downlink power loss and uplink noise fi gure.• When positioning the Cabinet-R2 Remote Unit, pay attention that the placing of related antennas should be decided in order to minimize the Minimum Coupling Loss (MLC), so as to avoid blocking.• The Cabinet-R2 Remote Unit is intended to be fi xed on walls or other fl at vertical surfaces.Handling optical connections• When inserting an optical connector, take care to handle it so smoothly that the optical fi bre is not damaged. Optical fi bres are to be single-mode (SM) 9.5/125µm.• Typically, ION-B equipment is provided with SC-APC optical connectors (other connectors may be provided on request). Inserting any other connectors will result in severe damages.• Do not force or stretch the fi bre pigtail with radius of curvature less than 5cm. See rightward fi gure for optimal fi bre cabling.• Remove the adapter caps only just before making connections. Do not leave any SC-Figure 3.5.4. TPSN External Power Supply for TFAx Case-R2 Remote Unit
76 ION-B User ManualTFAMCase R2APC adapter open, as they attract dirt. Unused optical connectors must always be covered with their caps.• Do not touch the connector tip. Clean it with a proper tissue before inserting each connector into the sleeve. In case connector tips need to be cleaned, use pure ethyl alcohol.TFAx Case-R2 installationEach Case-R2 Remote Unit kit includes:• 1 Case-R2 Remote Unit;• 1 power supply cable (85 to 264 Vac or -48Vdc, depending on the power supply which has been chosen);• 1 pair of mounting plates;• 1 screw kit, including four hexagonal-head screws and a torque key.The operations which need to be carried out in order to perform a proper installation of the Case-R2 Remote Unit are hereby described:The Cabinet-R2 Remote Unit has to be mounted with heat-dissipation fi ns in vertical position. The suggested installation layout is shown in Figure 3.5.5a, with the external power supply mounted side by side to the Remote Unit, using a common screw anchor to support both the Remote Unit’s right side and the power supply’s left wing.An external splice box (not included) may be mounted side by side to the power supply or to the Remote Unit, sharing an anchor with one of them (see pict 3.5.5g).1 – Drill the wall to install the four M6 screw anchors (not included) according to the layout shown in Fig. 3.5.5b. As an alternative, you can choose to install your power supply conveniently close to the Remote Unit.2 – Insert the four M6 screw anchors in the holes, and fi x the power supply to the wall.If you planned to use a common screw anchor to support both the Remote Unit and the external power supply, take care not to screws this anchors till you fi xed the Remote Unit (Fig. 3.5.5c). 3 – Fix the Remote Unit to the wall and tighten the 4 screw anchors (Fig. 3.5.5d)4 - Fix the splice holder (not included) inside a splice tray like the one shown in Fig. 3.5.5e (not included). Make the optical splices and close the splice tray (Fig. 3.5.5f).Place the splice tray inside a splice box (not included), and mount the splice box beside the Remote Unit. The suggested installation position is side by side to the power supply or
77MN024-010TFAMCase R2(a)(b)(c)Figure 3.5.5:Mounting the Case-R2 Remote Unit, Steps (a) - (c).
78 ION-B User ManualTFAMCase R2(d)(g)Figure 3.5.5:Mounting the Case-R2 Remote Unit, Steps (d) - (h).(e) (f)(h)
79MN024-010TFAMCase R2(i)(l)Figure 3.5.5:Mounting the Case-R2 Remote Unit, Steps (i) - (l).
80 ION-B User ManualTFAMCase R2to the Remote Unit, using one of their M6 anchors already installed to support the splice box as well (please see Fig. 3.5.5g).NOTE: Take care not to bend the fi bers too much. 5 - Now connect the RF cables, the optical connectors, and the power supply connector to the Remote Unit (Fig. 3.5.5h). Take care to connect UL and DL fi bers properly (Fig. 3.5.5i ).After the Remote Unit has been properly cabled, insert the power plug in the external power supply adapter, so as to connect it to the mains.6 - A fi ber protection can be placed around DL optical fi bers (Fig. 3.5.5l ).TFAx Case R2 start-upBefore the Case-R2 Remote Unit is switched on, make sure that:• the modules hosted in the master unit have been connected each other with RF jumpers, according to the system design• every TFLN master optical Trx has been connected to its Remote Units• each Remote Unit has been connected to its coverage antennasFor a correct system start-up, all the Remote Units have to be switched on before the master unit. Once the Cabinet-R2 Remote Unit has been switched on, its behaviour could be checked by unscrewing the four hexagonal screws (see fi g on the sides of the case-F), removing the cover, and looking at the control LEDs. When the system starts-up, their status can be summarised as per the following steps.1. When the Remote Unit is turned on, both the LEDs turn on for a couple of seconds.2. After that, the unit green LED remains on (thus indicating proper power supply), while the red LED switches off as soon as the TFLN master unit is turned on (meaning that DL optical power is OK and no alarms are present).3. Once the TFLN master unit has been switched on, the status of both LEDs have to be the one reported in table 3.5.1. If the red LED remains on, please refer to the troubleshooting section. 4. Once it has been switched on, the Remote Unit starts working correctly. Anyway, in order to be recognized by the supervision management system, it is necessary for the corresponding TFLN master optical TRX to carry out the discovery phase (please refer to Supervision System Manual for more details). During this phase, (whose duration depends on the system complexity, and which can last at max. 4min) the TFLN LED blinks. Do not connect/disconnect any cable or any piece of equipment during the discovery phase! This may result in no identifi cation of the Remote Unit.
81MN024-010TFAMCase R2ALARM CODE(TSUN description)ALARM DESCRIPTION ACTIVE LEDSUPERVISION PRIORITY LEVELACTION RECOMMENDEDRELÉ PRIORITY LEVEL(subrack)Antenna DC loop alarm ALWAYS OKDL optical power fail1The optical power received on the DL is too low and can’t no more be compensatedRED MAJORCheck the DL fi bre and the TFLN laser statusMAJORAGC out of range1The optical power received is under the allowed 3dB optical loss but it can be compensatedNONE WARNING Clean optical connectors MINORDL RF alarm in Band 1HW failure on the DL low band RF sectionRED CRITICAL Return the unit MAJORDL RF alarm in Band 2HW failure on the DL high band RF sectionRED CRITICAL Return the unit MAJORDL RF alarmin Band 3 (if present)HW failure on the DL UMTS band RF sectionRED CRITICAL Return the unit MAJORExternal 1 alarmAlarm on the device connected on dry-contact 1RED MAJORCheck the external device or alarm connectionMAJORExternal 2 alarmAlarm on the device connected on dry-contact 2RED MAJORCheck the external device or alarm connectionMAJORPower supply alarmUPS HW failure or malfunction.RF is turned OFFRED MAJORCheck the external PSU. If it works properly, return the unitMAJORInternal BUS alarmA malfunctioning on the digital part involves a fault in monitoring functionalitiesRED CRITICAL Return the unit MAJORTemperature alarmOver-temperature alarm NONE MINOR Check ventilation and environment MINORTable 3.5.2: Description of the alarms of the Case-R and Case R2 Remote Unit, as they are presented by the LMT application or by the Supervision interfaceTFAx Case-R or Case-R2 troubleshootingFaults can be revealed by LEDs on the Remote Unit (RU) front panel as well as by LMT or Supervision System (running on the remote supervision unit)Both LMT and Supervision System provide full information about the device causing the alarm. As a consequence, troubleshooting procedure can be very immediate when the failure Note: if then discovery doesn’t start automatically, check through the LMT or the remote supervision whether it has been disabled (refer to LMT or remote Supervision System manuals for further information).
82 ION-B User ManualTFAMCase R2detection is directly carried out through LMT or Supervision System.ION-B modules are designed in order to exchange information each other: each RU constantly monitors the optical signal received from its TFLN unit, so as to control optical losses.Table 3.5.2 shows a brief description of the alarms related to a Cabinet R2 Remote Unit, with a reference to the corresponding alerted LEDs and to the actions to be carried out in the case of a fault. As the table shows, not all the alarms are revealed by the LEDs placed on the Remote Unit control panel: in fact, LEDs reveal only major alarms (i.e., the high priority ones), whereas the minor alarms (i.e., the low priority ones) are revealed only by the LMT software or through the TSUN Supervision System. The minor alarms usually detect critical situations which should be checked so as to avoid future possible system faults. startendIs the red LEDON upon the TFAH?Optical cable or optical connections are supposed to have problems on DL path. Refer to fibre optic DL troubleshooting (fig.3.16c)Clean the SC - APC optical adapters and connectors troubleshooting Is the red LEDON upon the TFAH?YesYesNoNoFigure 3.5.7 (a): Flow-chart describing the quick troubleshooting procedure of a TFAx Case R1Note:Each Remote Unit is provided with an AGC system which comes in after the optical-to-RF conversion. This AGC can correctly compensate optical losses when these are estimated to be <3.5 dB. In case optical losses are > 3.5dB, the LMT application and the ION-B supervision unit will display a “Warning” alarm: the whole system still work, but AGC is near to its borderline levels. The red LED switches on when the estimated optical losses are >4.5dB, the AGC not being able to compensate these losses any more. Fig. 3.5.6: AGC thresholds vs LED alerts0dBm-3.5 dBm-4.5dBmNormalWarningAlarm
83MN024-010TFAMCase R2startendGo to the TFLN sideThe troubleshooting procedure has not identi-fied the problem. Use the supervision system or contact assistanceDisconnect the optical SC-APC connector from the remote unit DL port.Is this dry-contact electrically closed?YesYesYesNoNoNoExternal equipment connected to this dry contact port should be faulty. Test it. Disconnect the optical fiber and clean it at both ends. Is ADL >4dB?Is any dry contact connected to some external equipment?Is the red LEDupon the TFAx still ON??Are SC-APC connectors properly installed at both fiber ends?Fix better the SC-APC connectors.Clean the optical SC-APC ports on both the TFLN and the remote unit. Measure the output power at the corre-sponding fiber ends.Disconnect the optical SC-APC connectors from the TFLN DL portsCalculate the fiber DL attenuation:ADL[dB]=input power - output powerMeasure the input power coming out of the TFLN DL portFiber optic cable has some problems. Please replace itRearrange the optical path to avoid sharp bends. If necessary, replace the optical cable with a longer one Is the red LEDupon the TFAx still ON??NoYesYesNoNoYesFigure 3.5.7 (b): Flow-chart describing the external alarm troubleshooting on TFAx Case R2
84 ION-B User ManualTFAMCase R2startendGo to the TFLN sideThe troubleshooting procedure has not identi-fied the problem. Use the supervision system or contact assistanceDisconnect the optical SC-APC connector from the remote unit DL port.Is this dry-contact electrically closed?YesYesYesNoNoNoExternal equipment connected to this dry contact port should be faulty. Test it. Disconnect the optical fiber and clean it at both ends. Is ADL >4dB?Is any dry contact connected to some external equipment?Is the red LEDupon the TFAx still ON??Are SC-APC connectors properly installed at both fiber ends?Fix better the SC-APC connectors.Clean the optical SC-APC ports on both the TFLN and the remote unit. Measure the output power at the corre-sponding fiber ends.Disconnect the optical SC-APC connectors from the TFLN DL portsCalculate the fiber DL attenuation:ADL[dB]=input power - output powerMeasure the input power coming out of the TFLN DL portFiber optic cable has some problems. Please replace itRearrange the optical path to avoid sharp bends. If necessary, replace the optical cable with a longer one Is the red LEDupon the TFAx still ON??NoYesYesNoNoYesFigure 3.5.7 (c): Flow-chart describing the fi beroptiic troubleshooting
85MN024-010TFAMCase R2As shown in the previous table, the same red LED switches on to reveal any major failure. Following the troubleshooting procedure reported hereinafter it is possible to better understand what problem occurred.Quick troubleshooting procedure (The following procedure is summarized by the fl ow-chart in fi g. 3.5.7a)In case the red LED is ON, please follow these steps:1. First of all, clean the optical adapters2. If the problem still persists, refer to the fi bre optic DL troubleshooting to check if optical cables or optical connections have any problem on DL path.3. If previous actions didn’t make the LED switch off replace the unit with a new one or contact for assistance.Dry-contact troubleshooting(The following procedure is summarized by the fl ow-chart in Fig. 3.5.7b)This procedure should be considered if at least one TFAx dry-contact is connected to any external equipment. If not, return to main troubleshooting procedure.These steps aim to detect any failure inside external equipment or dry-contact ports. If the dry-contacts aren’t able to reveal any equipment malfunctions or port failures, then return to the main troubleshooting procedure.For any dry-contact that is connected to external equipment, follow these steps: 1. Disconnect it, and check the TFAx LED status after the disconnection.2. If the red LED has switched off, any external equipment that is connected to the dry contact port is probably faulty. Please test it.3. If the TFAx red LED still remains on after the disconnection, measure the voltage between the terminals of the dry contact port. a. If the terminals are electrically closed, the dry-contact port is faulty. Contact the manufacturer for assistance.b. If the terminals are open, this means neither the analysis of the present dry contact nor the one of its external equipment has revealed failures. Re-connect the present dry contact port to its external equipment. If the TFAx has any other unchecked dry-contacts connected to external equipment, apply the whole procedure (i.e. steps 1-3) to this new portFibre optic DL troubleshooting(The following procedure is summarized by the fl ow-chart in fi g. 3.5.7c)1. Check if there is any point where fi bre experiences a short radius of curvature. In this
86 ION-B User ManualTFAMCase R2case, rearrange the optical path in order to avoid sharp bends (if necessary, replace the optical cable with a longer one). If TFLN red LED switches off, troubleshooting has been successfully carried out. Otherwise, follow next steps.2. Check if SC-APC connectors are properly installed at both fi bre ends. In case they are not, fi x better SC-SPC connectors to adapters. If TFLN red LED switches off, troubleshooting has been successful. Otherwise, follow next steps.3. Disconnect the optical fi bre and clean it better at both ends then clean the SC-APC ports on both the TFLN and the Remote Unit. Re-connect the fi bre to relevant ports after cleaning. If it doesn’t made TFLN red LED switch off, follow next steps.4. Disconnect the optical SC-APC connector from Remote Unit DL port, and measure the output power POUT(DL) at the corresponding fi bre end. Then, go to the TFLN side, disconnect the optical SC-APC connector from TFLN DL port and measure the input power PIN(DL) coming out of the TFLN DL port. Calculate the DL fi bre attenuation ADL as ADL [dB] = PIN(DL) – POUT(DL) a. If ADL > 4dB, then the fi bre optic cable has some problems. Replace it with a new one.b. If ADL < 4dB troubleshooting procedure has not identifi ed the problem. Refer to Supervision System or contact assistance.
87MN024-010TFAMCase F3.7. Case F Remote UnitDimensions and WeightDimensions: mm. 564 x 255 x 167 (inches 21.5 x 10 x 8.1)Weight: please refer to the Remote Unit dedicated bulletin in order to know the updated data about the weight of your case-F Remote Unit.Figure 3.6.1: Case F Remote Unit (a) with connector panel (b)(a)(b)Power supply connectorUL opticalportDL opticalportRF auxiliary DL channel LED alerts Green =power ON;Red = major alarmRF antennaportRF auxiliary UL channel
88 ION-B User ManualTFAMCase FExternal alarmsCase F architecture does not provide any external alarms control.Power supply:Case-F Remote Unit is available in two versions: one feeded by universal mains (85 to 265 Vac), the other by negative power supply (-72 to -36 Vdc): in fi gure 3.6.3, the 85/220 Vac connector and the -72/-36 Vdc connector are described. Power feeder is always internal. The power cable is always included in the Case-F Remote Unit kit.RF ports:• 1 RF antenna port, transmitting/receiving signals to/from distributed antennas. This RF antenna port is a duplexed N-female connectors. The port can be connected to the antenna either directly (ie. through RF jumper cables) or through splitters, thus allowing more antennas to be fed. • 1 RF auxiliary input and 1 RF auxiliary output (designed to receive and transmit additional signals). Auxiliary input and output ports are SMA-female connectors.Optical ports:• 1 optical output port, transmitting UL signals to TFLN master optical TRX;• 1 optical input port, receiving DL signals from TFLN master optical TRX.Visual alarms:Two control LEDs are provided on the Case-F upper side (fi g. 3.6.2).The green LED describes the power supply status, while the red LED describes the major Remote Unit failures (Table 3.6.1).Led colour MeaningRed Low optical power at DL input and/or RF amplifi er failureGreen Power supply OKFigure 3.6.2: LED panel on the Case-F Remote UnitTable 3.6.1: LED panel on the Case-F Remote Unit
89MN024-010TFAMCase FWarnings (to be read before Remote Units are installed)Dealing with optical output portsThe Case-F Remote Unit contains semiconductor lasers. Invisible laser beams may be emitted from the optical output ports. Do not look towards the optical ports while equipment is switched on.Choosing a proper installation site for the Remote Units • Case-F Remote Units have to be installed as close as possible to the radiating antennas, in order to minimize coaxial cable length, thus reducing downlink power loss and uplink noise fi gure.• When positioning the Case-F Remote Unit, pay attention that the placing of related antennas should be decided in order to minimize the Minimum Coupling Loss (MLC), so as to avoid blocking.• The Case-F Remote Unit is intended to be fi xed on walls or other fl at vertical surfaces.Handling optical connections• When inserting an optical connector, take care to handle it so smoothly that the optical fi bre is not damaged. Optical fi bres are to be single-mode (SM) 9.5/125µm.• Typically, ION-B equipment is provided with SC-APC optical connectors (other connectors may be provided on request). Inserting any other connectors will result in severe damages.• Do not force or stretch the fi bre pigtail with radius of curvature less than 5cm. See rightward fi gure for optimal fi bre cabling.• Remove the adapter caps only just before making connections. Do not leave any SC-APC adapter open, as they attract dirt. Unused optical connectors must always be covered with their caps.85/264 Vac: ConnectorPE: ground1: N2: L-36/-72 Vdc: Connector4: 0V6: -48V22116644Figure 3.6.3: Description of the 85/264 Vac inlet (a) and of the -36/-72 Vdc inlet (b) on a Case-F Remote Unit
90 ION-B User ManualTFAMCase F• Do not touch the connector tip. Clean it with a proper tissue before inserting each connector into the sleeve. In case connector tips need to be cleaned, use pure ethyl alcohol. TFAx Case-F installationEach case-F Remote Unit kit includes:• 1 Case-F Remote Unit;• 1 power supply cable (85 to 264 Vac or -48Vdc, depending on the power supply which has been chosen);• 1 pair of mounting plates;• 1 screw kit, including four hexagonal-head screws and a torque key.The operations which need to be carried out in order to perform a proper installation of the Case-F Remote Unit are hereby described:1- Drill the wall to install four M8 screws anchors (not included) as indicated by the installation drawing shown in fi g. 3.6.4a. Fix the two mounting plates to the wall by fi rmly screwing the anchors.2 –Take two of the hexagonal-head screws included in the kit, and fasten them at the top of the case-F unit (fi g. 3.6.4b, step “b,1”) by using the torque key: while fastening the screws, take care to leave the space required to hang the case-F to the plates (fi g. 3.6.4b, step “b,2”).. Fasten the screws further only after hanging the case-F. Then take the other two hexagonal screws (included) and use them to fasten the bottom sides of the unit to the bottom side of the plates (fi g. 3.6.4b, step “b,3”).3 – Fix a splice holder (not included) inside the proper splice tray (not included, fi g. 3.6.4c). Makes the splices between the fi beroptics patchcords coming from the Case-F Remote Unit and the fi beroptics cables which go to the local units. House the optical splices inside the splice holder. Close the splice tray. During these operations, please take care not to bend the fi bres too much. Fix the splice tray inside a splice box (not included), and mount the splice box beside the Remote Unit.4 - Use the torque key in order to loose the four screws fi xing the cover (fi g. 3.6.4d), and open the unit.Connect the antenna RF cable to the RF antenna port. Connect the UL and DL optical connectors to the corresponding UL and DL adapters on the unit.Connect the Power cable to the power connector. In case the power cable has been connected to the mains, both the green and the red LEDs should turn on. The green LED will remain on to indicate that the unit is powered on, while the RED led will turn off
91MN024-010TFAMCase F13231Figure 3.6.4: Mounting the Case-F Remote UnitSteps (a), (b)(a)(b)
92 ION-B User ManualTFAMCase FFigure 3.6.4: Mounting the Case-F Remote UnitSteps (c)-(d)(c)(d)
93MN024-010TFAMCase Fas soon as the local unit will be switched on (for further details about the start-up of the whole system, please refer to the section ”TFAx Case F start-up”). 5 - Close the unit, and fasten the 4 screws shown in fi g. 3.6.4c by using the torque key. TFAx Case F start-upBefore the Case-F Remote Unit is switched on, make sure that:• the modules hosted in the master unit have been connected each other with RF jumpers, according to the system design• every TFLN master optical TRX has been connected to its Remote Units• each Remote Unit has been connected to its coverage antennasFor a correct system start-up, all the Remote Units have to be switched on before the master unit. Once the Case-F Remote Unit has been switched on, its behaviour could be checked by unscrewing the four hexagonal screws (see fi g on the sides of the case-F), removing the cover, and looking at the control LEDs. When the system starts-up, their status can be summarised as per the following steps.1. When the Remote Unit is turned on, both the LEDs turn on for a couple of seconds.2. After that, the unit green LED remains on (thus indicating proper power supply), while the red LED switches off as soon as the TFLN master unit is turned on (meaning that DL optical power is OK and no alarms are present).3. Once the TFLN master unit has been switched on, the status of the LEDs is described by Table 3.6.1. If the red LED remains on, please refer to the troubleshooting section. 4. Once it has been switched on, the Remote Unit starts working correctly. Anyway, in order to be recognized by the supervision management system, it is necessary for the corresponding TFLN master optical TRX to carry out the discovery phase (please refer to Supervision System Manual for more details). During this phase, (whose duration depends on the system complexity, and which can last at max. 4min) the TFLN LED “ “ blinks. Do not connect/disconnect any cable or any piece of equipment during the discovery phase! This may result in no identifi cation of the Remote Unit.Note: if then discovery doesn’t start automatically, check through the LMT or the remote supervision whether it has been disabled (refer to LMT or remote Supervision System manuals for further information).TFAx Case F troubleshootingFaults can be revealed by LEDs on the Remote Unit (RU) front panel as well as by LMT or Supervision System (running on the remote supervision unit)
94 ION-B User ManualTFAMCase FBoth LMT and Supervision System provide full information about the device causing the alarm. As a consequence, troubleshooting procedure can be very immediate when the failure detection is directly carried out through LMT or Supervision System.ION-B modules are designed in order to exchange information each other: each RU constantly monitors the optical signal received from its TFLN unit, so as to control optical losses.Table 3.6.2 shows a brief description of the alarms related to a Case L Remote Unit, with a reference to the corresponding alerted LEDs and to the actions to be carried out in the case of a fault. As this table shows, not all the alarms are revealed by the LEDs placed on the Remote Unit control panel: in fact, LEDs reveal only major alarms (i.e., the high priority ones), whereas the minor alarms (i.e., the low priority ones) are revealed only by the LMT software or through the TSUN Supervision System. The minor alarms usually detect critical situations which should be checked so as to avoid future possible system faults. Note:Each Remote Unit is provided with an AGC system which comes in after the optical-to-RF conversion. This AGC can correctly compensate optical losses when these are estimated to be <3.5 dB. In case optical losses are > 3.5dB, the LMT application and the ION-B supervision unit will display a “Warning” alarm: the whole system still work, but AGC is near to its borderline ALARM CODE(TSUN description)Alarm Description Active LEDSupervision Priority LevelAction RecommendedRELE’ Priority levelDL optical powerThe DL received optical power is too low and can no more be compensated by AGC 1RED MAJORCheck the DL fi bre and the TFLN laser statusMAJORAGC out of rangeThe DL received optical power experiences a loss > 3dB, which nevertheless can still be compensated 1NONEWARNING Clean optical connectors MINORDL low alarm in Band 1 HW failure on the DL RF low bandRED CRITICAL Return the unitMAJORDL high alarm in band 2 HW failure on the UL RF low bandRED CRITICALReturn the unit MAJORPower supply alarmUPS HW failure or malfunction.RF is turned OFFRED MAJOR Return the unit MAJORInternal BUS alarmA malfunctioning on the digital part involves a fault in monitoring functionalitiesRED CRITICAL Return the unit MAJORTemperature alarm Over-temperature alarm NONE MINOR Check ventilation and environment MINORTable 3.6.2 (a): Description of the alarms of the TFAx Case F Remote Unit, as they are reported by LMT application or Supervision Interface.
95MN024-010TFAMCase FstartendIs the red LEDON upon the TFAH?Optical cable or optical connections are supposed to have problems on DL path. Refer to fibre optic DL troubleshooting (fig.3.16c)Clean the SC - APC optical adapters and connectors troubleshooting Is the red LEDON upon the TFAH?YesYesNoNoQuick troubleshooting procedure (The following procedure is summarized by the fl ow-chart in fi g. 3.6.6a)In case the red LED is ON, please follow these steps:1. First of all, clean the optical adapters2. If the problem still persists, refer to the fi bre optic DL troubleshooting to check if optical cables or optical connections have any problem on DL path.3. If previous actions didn’t make the LED switch off replace the unit with a new one or contact for assistance.Fibre optic DL troubleshooting(The following procedure is summarized by the fl ow-chart in fi g. 3.6.6b)1. Check if there is any point where fi bre experiences a short radius of curvature. In this case, rearrange the optical path in order to avoid sharp bends (if necessary, replace the Figure 3.6.6 (a): Flow chart describing the quick troubleshooting procedure for the Case F Remote UnitFig. 3.5.6: AGC thresholds vs LED alerts0dBm-3.5dBm-4.5dBmNormalWarningAlarmlevels. The red LED switches on when the estimated optical losses are >4.5 dB, the AGC not being able to compensate these losses any more.As shown in the previous table, the same red LED switches on to reveal any major failure. Following the troubleshooting procedure reported hereinafter it is possible to better understand what problem occurred.
96 ION-B User ManualTFAMCase FstartendGo to the TFLN sideThe troubleshooting procedure has not identi-fied the problem. Use the supervision system or contact assistanceDisconnect the optical SC-APC connector from the remote unit DL port.Is this dry-contact electrically closed?YesYesYesNoNoNoExternal equipment connected to this dry contact port should be faulty. Test it. Disconnect the optical fiber and clean it at both ends. Is ADL >4dB?Is any dry contact connected to some external equipment?Is the red LEDupon the TFAx still ON??Are SC-APC connectors properly installed at both fiber ends?Fix better the SC-APC connectors.Clean the optical SC-APC ports on both the TFLN and the remote unit. Measure the output power at the corre-sponding fiber ends.Disconnect the optical SC-APC connectors from the TFLN DL portsCalculate the fiber DL attenuation:ADL[dB]=input power - output powerMeasure the input power coming out of the TFLN DL portFiber optic cable has some problems. Please replace itRearrange the optical path to avoid sharp bends. If necessary, replace the optical cable with a longer one Is the red LEDupon the TFAx still ON??NoYesYesNoNoYesFigure 3.6.6 (b): Flow chart describing the fi ber DL troubleshooting
97MN024-010TFAMCase Foptical cable with a longer one). If TFLN red LED switches off, troubleshooting has been successfully carried out. Otherwise, follow next steps.2. Check if SC-APC connectors are properly installed at both fi bre ends. In case they are not, fi x better SC-SPC connectors to adapters. If TFLN red LED switches off, troubleshooting has been successful. Otherwise, follow next steps.3. Disconnect the optical fi bre and clean it better at both ends then clean the SC-APC ports on both the TFLN and the Remote Unit. Re-connect the fi bre to relevant ports after cleaning. If it doesn’t made TFLN red LED switch off, follow next steps.4. Disconnect the optical SC-APC connector from Remote Unit DL port, and measure the output power POUT(DL) at the corresponding fi bre end. Then, go to the TFLN side, disconnect the optical SC-APC connector from TFLN DL port and measure the input power PIN(DL) coming out of the TFLN DL port. Calculate the DL fi bre attenuation ADL as ADL [dB] = PIN(DL) – POUT(DL) a. If ADL > 4dB, then the fi bre optic cable has some problems. Replace it with a new one.b. If ADL < 4dB troubleshooting procedure has not identifi ed the problem. Refer to Supervision System or contact assistance.
98 ION-B User Manual
99MN024-0104. Rack-based Master Unit
100 ION-B User Manual
101MN024-010TPRN4.1. TPRNx4 SubrackMajor TPRN featuresThe TPRNx4 is a 19”subrack where all the ION-B plug-in modules can be inserted. ION-B equipment provides a wide variety of these sub-rack models differentiated according to power supply. Each one is provided with:• 12 free slots, each with Height=4HE, Width=7TE• Power supply 220 Vac or -48 Vdc• Locally or remotely connectable through:a. RS232 serial portb. RS485 two-wire busc. sub-D 15 pin male-connector• Internal microcontroller for I2CBUS alarm collection• Manual reset button, able to re-initialize both the inserted modules and the TPRN microcontroller• Manual stand-by button, able to re-initialize the inserted modules, while keeping the TPRN microcontroller working.TPRN modelsAll of the available TPRN sub-racks are described briefl y on the following pages: Figure 4.1.1 : TPRN subrack
102 ION-B User ManualTPRNPassive sub-rack (TPRN04)• TPRN04 is a passive sub-rack. It cannot supply power to any inserted module, and therefore is designed to host passive modules only. It can be useful in a multi-sub-rack system, in case the customer decides to put all the active modules in an active sub-rack, to be chosen among the following:220 Vac powered sub-racks (TPRN14 / TPRN24)• TPRN14 is an active sub-rack designed to be fed through 220 Vac universal mains. Both the connector for the 220 Vac power supply and the communication ports are placed on the rear of sub-rack. The 220 Vac power supply is not redundant (ie, no spare adapter is provided).• TPRN24 is an active sub-rack designed to be fed through 220 Vac universal mains. Both the connector for the 220 Vac power supply and the communication ports are placed on the rear of sub-rack, and the 220 Vac power supply is redundant: i.e., a spare adapter guarantees the correct system operations even if the main 220Vac adapter has a breakdown.-48Vdc powered sub-rack (TPRN34)• TPRN34 is an active sub-rack designed to be fed through a –48 Vdc negative supply. Both the connector for the -48Vdc power supply and the communication ports are placed on the rear of the sub-rack.RS485 portsPower Supply, 220Vacsub-D 15 connectorRS232 port RS485 portsPower Supply, -48Vdcsub-D 15 connectorRS232 portSwitch On/Off Switch On/OffFigure 4.1.2: Rear view of the TPRN subrack with 220Vac power supply (a) and with -48Vdc power supply (b)(a) (b)
103MN024-010TPRNTPRN power supplyAll the TPRN models refer to one of the following power supplies.Universal mains(85 to 264Vac, 50/60Hz).This connector is mounted on the TPRN back panel, both for the redundant version and the simple one. A ground terminal and a couple of fuses are also included. Fuses must be replaced in case of failure (if it happens, the failure is detected by the Supervision System).-48 Vdc(-72 to -36 Vdc)This connector is mounted on the back panel of the TPRN.A fuse is provided underneath the –48 Vdc connector, and must be replaced in case of failure (if it happens, the failure is detected by the Supervision System).Whichever power supply is chosen (85 to 264 Vac or -72 to -36 Vdc) an additional external ground terminal is provided on the rear of the TPRN (Fig. 4.1.5).The external power supply (220Vac or -48Vdc) is FuseFuseFigure 4.1.3: 85 to 264Vac inletFigure 4.1.4: -48Vdc inletFigure 4.1.5: Ground connector
104 ION-B User ManualTPRNTPRN portsThe TPRN sub-rack is provided with a set of I/0 ports which allows the connection to any external device. RS232 serial portThe RS232 serial port can be used to connect the TPRN sub-rack to the remote supervision unit or to a laptop running LMT software. Please note that a standard RS232 cable is needed.converted to a +12Vdc voltage, feeding the active modules inserted into the TPRN.Baud rate [bps] Dip-switch 59600 OFF19200 ONBaud-rate dip-switch(Dip-switch 5)RS485addressing dip-switches(Dip-switches 1 to 4)FuseBlue terminal: -72 -36 Blue terminal: Switch On/Figure 4.1.6: Rear view of the TPRN subrack with -48Vdc power supply Table 4.1.1: Setting the RS232 baud rate through the dip-switch 5Figure 4.1.7: Dip-switches on the TPRN backplane
105MN024-010TPRNThe connection baud rate can be set to 9600bps or 19200bps, by properly setting the dip-switch 5 standing on the interior TPRN backplane (fi g. 4.1.7). The baud rate setting through dip-switch 5 is shown in Table 4.1.1.Whichever baud rate you choose through dip-switch 5, remember that:• the same RS232 connection speed must be set up on the remote supervision unit• the baud rate which is selected through the dip-switch 5 sets the connection speed for both the RS232 port and the RS485 port as the TPRN uses both ports with the same rate.RS485 portThe RS485 port consists of two RJ45 connectors, which can both work as input or output ports towards a RS485 bus.This RS485 bus has to be used in order to connect a multi sub-rack system to the remote supervision unit. In this case:• the TPRN sub-racks have to be connected to one another via RS485 bus in a daisy chain;• In order to monitor the whole system, the remote supervision unit has to be connected to one of the TPRN sub-racks through RS232 port.Before connecting the TPRN sub-racks belonging to a multi-sub-rack system, remember to assign an exclusive binary address to each one. This is essential in order to allow the Supervision System recognize the different master units without any confl icts.The binary address assignment can be done through dip-switches 1,2,3,4, which are on the interior TPRN backplane (see Figure 4.1.7). A list of correspondences between the addresses and the dip-switches is provided in Table 4.1.3: simply note that dip-switch 1 is the least signifi cant binary digit, while dip-switch 4 is the most signifi cant one.The baud rate of the RS485 ports is the same as the RS232 port as per the dip-switch 5 setting.Whichever baud rate you choose, remember that:• the same RS485 connection speed has to be set up on for the entire connected device (TPRN sub-racks or TSUN remote supervision unit);• the baud-rate which is selected through the dip-switch 5 sets the connection speed for both the RS485 port and the RS232 port.Sub-D 15 poles male connectorPIN 1PIN 9PIN 6PIN 15Figure 4.1.8: sub-D 15 poles male connector
106 ION-B User ManualTPRNThe TPRN sub-rack provides sub-D 15 poles male connector, shown in Fig. 4.1.5As highlighted in Table 4.1.4, this connector provides:• 4 opto-isolated input ports which can be used to reveal any failure condition on external PIN Name Meaning1 Ground It is a ground terminal for digital inputs, i.e. for pin 2, 3, 9, 10.2Digital input n.1 (SW assignable)This port can be used to monitor external equipment status. Once a default working status has been assigned (through the Supervision System) to this input port, any change is detected as a failure signal.3Digital input n.2(SW assignable)This port can be used to monitor external equipment status. Once a default working status has been assigned (through the Supervision System) to this input port, any change is detected as a failure signal.4 Disconnected pin No meaning5,6 Summary of major alarmsThese pins present an open circuit if a major alarm is active on the TPRN sub-rack or on any module hosted in it. 7,8 Summary of minor alarmsThese pins present an open circuit if a minor alarm is active on the TPRN sub-rack or on any module hosted in it. 9Digital input n.3 (SW assignable)This port can be used to monitor external equipment status. Once a default working status has been assigned (through the Supervision System) to this input port, any change is detected as a failure signal.10 Digital input n.4 (SW assignable)This port can be used to monitor external equipment status. Once a default working status has been assigned (through the Supervision System) to this input port, any change is detected as a failure signal.11 Disconnected pin No meaning12,13 Digital output n.1 (SW assignable)These pins are terminals of an output port (output relay 1), which can be driven through the Supervision System. The output port can be set to “open” or “close” condition. These 2 statuses can be used to pilot any external device connected to subD-15 connector.14,15 Digital output n.2(SW assignable)These pins are terminals of an output port (output relay 2), which can be driven through the Supervision System. The output port can be set to “open” or “close” condition. These 2 statuses can be used to pilot any external device connected to subD-15 connector.Address(Dec)Address(Bin) Dip-switch 1 Dip-switch 2 Dip-switch 3 Dip-switch 41 0001 ON OFF OFF OFF2 0010 OFF ON OFF OFF3 0011 ON ON OFF OFF4 0100 OFF OFF ON OFF5 0101 ON OFF ON OFF6 0110 OFF ON ON OFF7 0111 ON ON ON OFF8 1000 OFF OFF OFF ON9 1001 ON OFF OFF ON10 1010 OFF ON OFF ON11 1011 ON ON OFF ON12 1100 OFF OFF ON ON13 1101 ON OFF ON ON14 1110 OFF ON ON ONReserved 1111 ON ON ON ONTable 4.1.3: Dip-switches address settingsTable 4.1.4: Functional description of pins provided by sub-D male connector
107MN024-010TPRNequipment. The default status of these input ports can be defi ned through the Supervision System. After that, any change from default status will be revealed as a failure signal.• a summary of major and minor alarms related to failures detected not only on the TPRN sub-rack, but also on any active modules hosted by the TPRN itself.• 2 relay output ports, which be can used to drive any external device connected to subD-15 pins adapter. By using the Supervision System, each of these output ports be can set up in “open” or “close” modes.A more detailed description of the meaning and functionality of each pin is reported in Table 8. The pins are numbered from left to right, and from top to bottom (refer to Fig. 4.1.8).Note: The TPRN sub-rack uses I2Cbus standard protocol to collect status and alarm information from hosted modules. Thanks to that, the alarm summaries (provided through pins 5-6 and 7-8) report major and minor failures related not only to the TPRN sub-rack but also to any hosted modules.TSUN Alarm Codedescription)Alarm DescriptionActive LEDSupervision Priority LevelAction Recommended RELÉ PriorityRedundant supply active(only for redundant power supply versions)Backup power supply activated YELLOW MAJOR Return the unit MINORPower Supply alarmThere is a degradation on the power supply provided to the boardsRED MAJOR Return the unit MAJORI2CBUS bus errorInternal I2CBUS communication malfunction YELLOW CRITICALCheck if the fault is on the unit (see Supervision System). If not, return the unitMINORTemperature alarm Over-temperature alarm YELLOW MINOR Check ventilation and environment MINORAux input alarm nr0The device connected to the input alarm port 0 caused an alarm conditionRED CRITICALCheck the status of the connected device-Aux input alarm nr1The device connected to the input alarm port 1 caused an alarm conditionRED MAJORCheck the status of the connected device-Aux input alarm nr2The device connected to the input alarm port 2 caused an alarm conditionRED MINORCheck the status of the connected device-Aux input alarm nr3The device connected to the input alarm port 3 caused an alarm conditionRED WARNINGCheck the status of the connected device-Table 4.1.5: Description of the alarms of the TPRN subrack
108 ION-B User ManualTPRNTPRN alarmsA full description of all TPRN alarms is provided by the Supervision System.Table 4.1.5 provides a brief description of the TPRN alarms, as they are reported by the LMT software.Warning (recommended for system designing and installing)Providing correct heat dissipationFor correct use of the TPRN sub-rack, it is important to verify that:• the system is designed for no more than 8 TFLNs inside a TPRN sub-rack. This guarantees proper heating dissipation for the system. In case you want to install more than 8, it is important to provide the sub-rack with a proper ventilation system;• active and passive modules should be alternated as much as possible inside the TPRN sub-rack avoiding too many active cards being inserted close together;• in case the system consists of more than one TPRN sub-rack, a minimum distance of 1 HE has to be kept between nearby TPRN sub-racks to ensure proper heat dissipation. The rack containing the TPRN sub-racks has to be large enough to guarantee this correct distance between master units.Minimizing equipment costsIn order to reduce the cost of ION-B equipment, a multi-sub-rack system should be designed according to the following guidelines:• a passive sub-rack (TPRN04) may be used to house only passive modules;• an active sub-rack (TPRN14, TPRN24, TPRN34) may be used to sustain all the active modules, and some of the passive ones (as stated above, it is advisable to alternate active and passive cards in an active sub-rack).Setting the dip-switches in a multi sub-rack systemIf you are installing a multi-sub-rack system, remember to assign each sub-rack an exclusive binary address, by properly setting dip-switches 1,2,3,4 on the interior TPRN backplane (see Fig. 4.1.7 and Tab.4.1.3). Dip-switch 5 has to be set on each TPRN sub-rack in order to fi x the baud rate for the RS485 and RS232 ports. Connecting the TPRNs through the RS485 port is necessary when supervising the whole multi sub-rack system through the remote supervision unit (to be set at the same baud rate).The TPRN kit provides:
109MN024-010TPRN1 HE1 HE1 HEFigure 4.1.10: The TPRN is provided with a screwing hole on each front corner, thus allowing proper fi xing to the installation rack.Figure 4.1.12: Power supply and ground terminals on the rear side of the TPRN subrackFig. 4.1.11: intra-subrack distance must be at least 1HE to allow air circulation. 1-HE inter-subrack distances can be properly fi lled through blind panelsThe TPRN kit provides:• 1 TPRN sub-rack • suitable power cord (fi g. 4.1.9a)• 1 standard RJ45 cable (fi g. 4.1.9b)• 1 standard RS232 cable (male-female), 2m (fi g. 4,1,9c)• 1 CD Manual (fi g. 4,1,8d)Firstly, insert the sub-rack into the cabinet and apply 4 screws (not provided) in order to fi x it (Fig. 4.1.10).To ensure correct TPRN installation, distance between the front door of the rack and the front side of the TPRN should be at least 15cm, otherwise the RF and optical cables could be damaged when cabinet door is closed.Leave at least 1 HE distance between two subracks in order to facilitate air circulation (see Fig. 4.1.11).Leave at least a 1 HE free space between the bottom or the top of the cabinet and the TPRNs (see Fig. 4.1.11).Connect the ground to the safety ground terminal. Then, connect the power supply connector to the mains (see Fig. 4.1.12).TPRN Installation(a)(b)(c) (d)Figure 4.1.9: Some of the installation accessories provided with the TPRN subrack: (a) suitable power cord; (b) standard RJ-45 cable; (c) RS232 cable; (d) 1 Cd rom, including ION-B manualspower supplyground terminal
110 ION-B User ManualTPRNTPRN Start-upBefore switching on the TPRN sub-rack, make sure that:• all necessary modules have been inserted • the modules have been connected to each other by RF jumpers, according to what has been planned during the system design• each TFLN contained in the Master Unit has been connected to its TFAx Remote Units• each TFAx Remote Unit has been connected to its coverage antennas• the remote supervision unit (if present) has been connected or housed to the Master Unit• different sub-racks have been connected to each other via bus RS485 and each of them has different addresses• the rack housing the TPRN is large enough to leave a minimum distance of 1HE between contiguous TPRN sub-racks Remember that TFAx Remote Units have to be switched on before the relevant Master Unit. Once the TPRN sub-rack has been switched on, the system behaviour can be summarized by the following steps:• About 10sec after the TPRN sub-rack has been switched on, all TFLN modules housed in the TPRN itself begin a “discovery” phase in order to identify and collect status of the connected TFAx Remote Units. While the discovery phase is working (max. 4min. depending on the system complexity) each of the TFLN general alarms (i.e., LED “ ”) blink, whereas the other TFLN LEDs go on showing the detected status.Do not connect/disconnect any cable or piece of equipment until all TFLN modules have fi nished the discovery phase. This may result in failing to identify the TFAx. Regardless, during the discovery phase, the entire system continues to work correctly as the discovery process aims to collect information about the TFAx but without affecting basic system functionalities.• Once the discovery has fi nished, the general alarms (i.e. the LED “ ”) on each TFLN panel stop blinking and switch OFF (provided that the TFLN master optical TRX is not affected by a general failure).
111MN024-010TPRNTPRN TroubleshootingIn case a TPRN sub-rack shows any problems, a more detailed status and alarm description is able to be provided through the remote supervision unit.A complete overview of TPRN alarms is provided in Table 4.1.5.A power supply degradation occurs in case the +12Vdc power falls below an in factory set threshold level. In this case, the TPRN automatically switches to standby mode so that no over-current is able to get through the circuitry of hosted modules, thus preserving the system’s integrity. Once the power supply has been repaired, the TPRN needs to be rebooted. In case the TPRN sub-rack is equipped with a redundant power supply (TPRN24), a degradation of the +12 Vdc power results in an automatic switching from main to spare converter. In case a redundant power supply is degraded, the TPRN automatically turns to stand-by mode. Once the power supply has been repaired, the TPRN needs to be rebooted.A I2Cbus alarm occurs when the TPRN sub-rack is not able to communicate with one or more of the hosted modules. Each TPRN slot is able to automatically detect the presence of a module inside the slot. If the module is detected but the TPRN is not able to communicate with it through the I2Cbus, an alarm is activated.Note: at commissioning, remember to mask the unused slots through LMT software (please refer to the relevant manual for more information) to avoid triggering insignifi cant alarms.Before carrrying out any troubleshooting procedures, please check the LMT or Supervision System handbooks.
112 ION-B User ManualTPRF
113MN024-010TPRF4.2. Fast MiniRack, TPRF31Major TPRN FeaturesThe TPRF31 is a low-cost mini rack which can host 2 ION-B single-slot cards, such as:- 2 Master Optical Trx, thus being able to drive up to 8 ION-B Remote Units- 1 Master Optical Trx (driving up to 4 ION-B Remote Units) and a proper ION-B card, working as a Point-of-Interface (POI) towards the BTS. Please refer to fi g,.7.5External splitting-combining modules are optionally available, thus providing a complete solution for building simple and low-cost Distributed Antenna Systems.Its installation-friendly brackets are suitable for both wall mounting and rack-mounting, thus making the installation of the ION-B Fast MiniRack easy and unobtrusive.Thanks to its RS232 / RS485 bus, the TPRF31 Fast MiniRack can be fully integrated with any additional ION-B MiniRacks or standard racks, and managed through a full system supervision, using the ION-B standard supervision interface. Lastly, its external dry contacts and auxiliary inputs allow the Fast MiniRack to collect information about any external device, thus making it into a fully environment- embedded device.Figure 4.2.1: Front view of the TPRF31 Fast MiniRack, both with free slots (a) and housing 2 TFLN master transceivers (b).Figure 4.2.2: Rear view of the TPRF31 Fast MiniRack, powered -48 Vdc(a)(b)(c)
114 ION-B User ManualTPRFDimensions and WeightDimensions: 1 HE x 19”, maximum length 300 mmWeight: Please refer to bulletin PA-102187.1-ENOperating temperature: 0°C to 55°COn/Off Switch and Power SupplyThe TPRF31 fast MiniRack can be powered from -36 to -72 Vdc. A fuse is provided underneath the -48 Vdc connector, and must be replaced in case of failure (when it happens, the Supervision System will detect the failure).Figure 4.2.3: Rear view of the TPRF31 Fast MiniRack: Power supply connectors and On/Off switchesResetThe Reset button, located on the TPRF31 rear side, performs a complete reset of the Fast MiniRack, and is particularly useful when the MiniRack bus has become blocked in any way. Compared to the “manual reset” which can be perfomed by switching off and on the system through the On/Off switch, the Reset button is preferrable because it does not cause any interruption in feeding the TPRF31.Store/ClearThe Store/Clear button, located on the TPRF31 rear side, carries out a complete masking of On/Off switchPower -48VdcReset and Store/Clear buttonsFigure 4.2.4: Rear view of the TPRF31 Fast MiniRack: Reset and Store/Clear buttonsStore/Clear Reset
115MN024-010TPRFFurther information about alarm status is delivered by the ION-B Supervision Systems.TPRF31 PortsThe TPRF31 is provided with a series pf ports which allow for the connection to any external device. These different ports are described hereinafter.RS232 Serial PortThe RS232 serial port can be used to connect the TPRN sub-rack to the remote supervision unit or to a laptop running LMT software. Please note that a standard RS232 cable is needed.The connection baud rate can be set to 9600bps, 19200bps, 57600bpa, or 115200 bps by properly setting the dip-switch 6 and 7 standing on the rear panel of the TPRF31 backplane (fi g. 4.2.6). The baud rate setting through the dip-switches 6 and 7 is shown in Table 4.2.2the unused TPRF31 slots and of its TFLN ports. This operation should be perfomed during the initial system installation, after all of the TFLN units which are hosted by the TPRF31 MiniRack have stopped blinking (i.e., after they have fi nished the discovery phase: see the TFLN section of this User Manual for further clarifi cation).The Store/Clear operation must also be perfomed after any change affecting the TPRF slot confi guration and the used ports on the TFLN transceivers.When switching on and off the system in any other circumstances, no Store/Clear operation is normally required.Visual AlarmsThe TPRF31 front panel is provided with 2 LEDs (see fi g. 4.2.5), showing status and alarm information.LED signifi cances are provided in the following table.LED colour Signifi canceGreen Power supply status OKRedFailure on the TPRF31, on one of the TFLN master transceivers, or on one of the connected Remote UnitsFigure 4.2.5: TPRF31 visual alarms Table 4.2.1 : Meaning of the LEDs on the TPRF31 front-side
116 ION-B User ManualTPRF Whichever baud rate you choose through dip-switches 6 and 7, remember that:• the same RS232 connection speed must be set up on the remote supervision unit• the baud rate which is selected through the dip-switches 6 and 7 set the connection speed for both the RS232 port and the RS485 port as the TPRN uses both ports with the same rate.RS485 PortThe RS485 port consists of two RJ45 connectors, which can both work as input or output ports to and from a RS485 bus.This RS485 bus has to be used in order to connect a multi sub-rack system to the remote supervision unit. In this case:• the TPRN sub-racks have to be connected to one another via an RS485 bus in a chain;• In order to monitor the entire system, the remote supervision unit has to be connected to one of the TPRN sub-racks through an RS232 port.Before connecting the TPRN sub-racks belonging to a multi-sub-rack system, remember to assign an exclusive binary address to each one. This is essential in order to let the Supervision System recognize the different master units without any confl ict.The binary address assignment can be done through dip-switches 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 which are located on the interior TPRN backplane (see Fig 4.2.5). A list of the correspondences between the addresses and the dip-switches is provided in Table 4.2.2: simply note that dip-switch 1 is the least signifi cant binary digit, while dip-switch 5 is the most signifi cant.The baud rate of the RS485 ports is the same as the RS232 port as per the dip-switch 5 setting.Figure 4.2.6 - Dip-switches on the TPRF31 backplaneBaud Rate [bps] Dip-switch 6 Dip-switch 7 9600 OFF OFF 19200 ON OFF57600 OFF ON115200 ON ONTable 4.2.2 - Setting the RS232 baud-rate4 through dip-switches 6 and 71ON
117MN024-010TPRFWhichever baud rate you choose, remember that:• the same RS485 connection speed has to be set up on all connected devices (TPRN sub-racks or TSUN remote supervision unit);• the baud-rate which is selected through the dip-switches 6 and 7 set the connection speed for both the RS485 port and the RS232 port.Dip-switch 8 is used to match the impedance of a terminal TPRF31 node to the impedance of the transmission line being used. When the TPRF31 is the fi rst or the last node of a subrack-chain, Dip-switch 8 can be set to ON if the length of the RS485 cables in the chain is such to cause a signifi cant propagation delay, compared to the bit width (and therefore to the baud rate previously set). In no such case, Dip-switch 8 can be set to OFF.Address (Dec)Address(Bin) Dip-switch 1 Dip-switch 2 Dip-switch 3 Dip-switch 4 Dip-switch 51 00001 ON OFF OFF OFF OFF 2 00010 OFF ON OFF OFF OFF 3 00011 ON ON OFF OFF OFF 4 00100 OFF OFF ON OFF OFF 5 00101 ON OFF ON OFF OFF 6 00110 OFF ON ON OFF OFF 7 00111 ON ON ON OFF OFF 8 01000 OFF OFF OFF ON OFF 9 01001 ON OFF OFF ON OFF 10 01010 OFF ON OFF ON OFF 11 01011 ON ON OFF ON OFF 12 01100 OFF OFF ON ON OFF 13 01101 ON OFF ON ON OFF 14 01110 OFF ON ON ON OFF Reserved 01111 ON ON ON ON OFFReserved 10000 ON OFF OFF OFF ON17 10001 ON OFF OFF OFF ON18 10010 OFF ON OFF OFF ON19 10011 ON ON OFF OFF ON20 10100 OFF OFF ON OFF ON21 10101 ON OFF ON OFF ON22 10110 OFF ON ON OFF ON23 10111 ON ON ON OFF ON24 11000 OFF OFF OFF ON ON25 11001 ON OFF OFF ON ON26 11010 OFF ON OFF ON ON27 11011 ON ON OFF ON ON28 11100 OFF OFF ON ON ON29 11101 ON OFF ON ON ON30 11110 OFF ON ON ON ONReserved 11111 ON ON ON ON ONTable 4.2.3 : Dip-switches address settings
118 ION-B User ManualTPRF485 Bus Termination Load Dip-switch 8 Not connected OFF Connected ON Table 4.2.4 : Settiing the $85 Bus termination Load through Dip-Switch 8Power Supplying PortsThe front side of the TPRF31 Fast MiniRack is provided with 4 power supplying ports, conveying the -48Vdc power supply to up to 4 ION-B Remote Units.Please refer to Bulletin PA-101187-EN in order to check that the overall maximum power the TPRF31 provides to your Remote Units is below the overal maximum power supported by the unit.Figure 4.2.7: TPRF31 Power supplying ports on TPRF31 front side (a), Connection scheme of the power supply ports (b) 0V -48V 0V -48V 0V -48V 0V -48V1234-72 ˜ -36 Vdc ; 2A Max-72 ˜ -36 Vdc ; 2A Max-72 ˜ -36 Vdc ; 2A Max-72 ˜ -36 Vdc ; 2A MaxREMOTE UNIT SUPPLY0V-48V0V-48V0V-48V0V-48V(a)(b)Auxiliary InputsThe rear side of the TPRF31 Fast MiniRack is provided with two auxiliary input alarms, allowing the monitoring of the alarm status (on/off) of any external device. The alarm status is able to be associated either with the open-circuit or the closed-circuit status by properly setting the TPRF31 page of the TSUN Supervision Interface.Auxiliary input connectors are Phoenix Contact MC1,5-2-G-3.5 connectors
119MN024-010TPRF External AlarmsThe rear side of the TPRF31 Fast MiniRack is provided with two Alarm-output dry-contacts, which are able to provide alarm information about Major Alarms (Alarm Outputs 1, see Figure 4.2.8 c) and Minor Alarms (Alarms Output 2, see Figure 4.2.8 c).A full description of these Major and Minor Alarms is provided in Table 4.2.External Alarm Outputs are Phoenix Contact MC1, 5-3-G-3.5 connectors.Normally Closed (to CC)Normally Closed (to CC)Common Contact (CC)Figure 4.2.8:Auxiliary Inputs (b) and External Alarm Outputs (c) on the TPRF31 rear side (a). Description of the External Alarm Outputs (d). Alarm Outputs 1 and 2 (c) refers to Major and Minor alarms, respectively (a)(b) (c)(d)Alarm Outputs21Aux Inputs21Alarm Output N° Description Active Alarm Severity 1Major and Critical alarmsNone ---I2CBus alarm CriticalVcc MajorSlot 1 does not host a card and is not masked CriticalSlot 2 does not host a card and is not masked Critical or MajorAt least one sub-system unit has a critical or major alarm Major2Minor and Warning alarmsNone ---Temperature WarningAt least one sub-system unit has a critical or major alarm Minor or WarningTable 4.2.5: Description of the Alarm information available through the External alarm contacts
120 ION-B User ManualTPRFTPRF31 InstallationThe TPRN kit provides:• 1 TPRF31 sub-rack • 1 power supply cable • 1 standard RS232 cable (male-female)• 3 Alarm-output connectors• 3 Auxiliary input connectors• 1 Cd-rom, including ION-B manuals and toolsThe TPRF31 Fast MiniRack is provided with some reversible brackets and suitable both for rack-mounting and for wall-mounting.Straight from the factory, the TPRF31 has brackets for rack-mounting which cannot be removed for wall mounting (see fi gure 4.2.9). Warning (recommended when designing or installing)Providing correct heat dissipationFor correct use of the TPRF31 sub-rack, it is important to verify if:• the TPRF31 has been mounted in a vertical position (please refer to the “TPRF31 Installation” section), the power supplying ports (located on the TPRF31, front side, Figure 4.2.7) have been turned upwards• the TPRF31 has been mounted on a rack (please refer to the “TPRF31 Installation” section), a minimum distance of 1 HE has to be kept between nearby TPRN sub-racks to ensure proper heat dissipation. The rack containing the TPRN sub-racks has to be large enough to guarantee this correct distance between Master Units.Setting the dip-switches in a multi sub-rack systemIf you are installing a multi-sub-rack system, remember to assign each sub-rack an exclusive binary address, by properly setting dip-switches 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 on the TPRF31 backplane (see Fig. 4.2.6 and Table 4.2.3). Dip-switch 5 has to be set on each TPRN sub-rack in order to fi x the baud rate for the RS485 and RS232 ports. Connecting the TPRNs through the RS485 port is necessary when supervising the whole multi sub-rack system through the remote supervision unit (to be set at the same baud rate).Figure 4.2.9: Some of the installation accessories provided with the TPRF31- (a) power supply cable;- (b) 3-pole alarm-output connector- (c) 2-pole auxiliary input connector, - (d) 1 Cd rom, including ION-B manuals and tools(a)(b)(c)(d)
121MN024-010TPRF(d)Figure 4.2.10:Turning the brackets of the TPRF31 Fast MiniRack, starting from the factory confi guration (a). Once the brackets have been turned and properly fi xed, the TPRF31 Fast MiniRack is ready for wall-mounting (d). (b)33(c)44Figure 4.2.11:Turning the brackets of the TPRF31 Fast MiniRack, starting from the factory confi guration (a). Once the brackets have been turned and properly fi xed, the TPRF31 Fast MiniRack is ready for wall-mounting (d). (a)11221HE1HE1HE 1HE
122 ION-B User ManualTPRFMounting the TPRF31 on a rackFirstly, insert the sub-rack into the cabinet, and apply 4 screws (not provided) in order to fi x it (Fig. 4.2.11).To correctly install the TPRN, the distance between the front door of the rack and the front side of the TPRF31 should be at least 15cm, otherwise optical cables and any eventual RF cables might be damaged when the cabinet door is closed.Leave at least 1HE distance between the TPRF31 Fast MiniRack and any other subrack element, in order to facilitate air circulation.Leave at least a 1HE of free space between the bottom or the top of the cabinet and the TPRF31s.Mounting the TPRF31 on a wallAfter proper turning and fi xing of the brackets (according to that shown in Figure 4.2.10), drill into the wall according to the layout in Figure. 4.2.13).It is strongly suggested to mount the TPRF31 with the the power supplying ports (on the TPRF31, front side, Fig. 4.2.7) turned upwardsInsert the 4 anchors into the holes you have just drilled, then fi x the TPRF31 fi rmly to the wall by tightening the screws into the anchors. TPRF31 Start-UpBefore switching on the TPRN sub-rack, make sure that:• all the expected modules have been inserted • the modules have been connected to each other by RF jumpers, according to what has been planned during the system design• every TFLN contained in the Master Unit has been connected to its TFAx Remote Units• each TFAx Remote Unit has been connected to its coverage antennas• the remote supervision unit (if present) has been connected or housed to the Master Unit• different sub-racks have been connected to each other via an RS485 bus and each of them have different addresses• the rack housing the TPRF31 is large enough to leave a minimum distance of 1HE between contiguous TPRF31 sub-racks Remember that TFAx Remote Units should be switched on before relevant Master Units. Figure 4.2.12: Wall-mounted TPRF31 Fast MiniRack, hosting 2 TFLNs master unit trahnsceivers
123MN024-010TPRFFigure 4.2.13: Mechanical Layout for wall-mounting the TPRF31 Fast MiniRack2 
124 ION-B User ManualTPRFAlarm code (TSUN description) Alarm description LEDColour Severity Alarm output**Temperature Over-temperature Alarm - Warning 2I2CBus alarm Internal I2Cbus communication malfunctioningRed Critical 1Vcc Power supply degradation, with internal voltage falling below critical thresholdRed Major 1Summary Slot 1The TPRF31 slot 1 is not masked, in spite of not hosting any cardRed Critical 1Summary Slot 2 The TPRF31 slot 2 is not masked, in spite of not hosting any cardRed Critical 1Auxiliary Input 1 The auxiliary input 1 is in alert status * Red Major 1Auxiliary Input 2 The auxiliary input 2 is in alert status* - Minor 2*(Default alert status is “Closed”, but can be set differently through TSUN Supervision unit)** The “Alarm output” fi eld indicates the number of the External Alarm Output (Figures 4.2.7, Table 4.2.4) through which the alarm information is revealedTable 4.2.6 : Description of the alarm of the TPRF31 subrackOnce the TPRF31 sub-rack has been switched on, the system behaviour can be summarized by the following steps:• About 10sec after the TPRF31 sub-rack has been switched on, any TFLN modules housed in the TPRN itself begins a “discovery” phase in order to identify and collect status of the connected TFAx Remote Units. While the discovery phase is proceding (max. 4min. depending on the system complexity) each TFLN general alarm (i.e., LED “ ”) blinks, whereas the other TFLN LEDs go on showing the detected status.Do not connect/disconnect any cable or piece of equipment until all TFLN modules have fi nished the discovery phase. This may result in failing to identify the TFAx. Regardless, during the discovery phase, the entire system continues to work correctly as the discovery process aims to collect information about the TFAx without affecting basic system functionalities.• Once the discovery has fi nished, the general alarms (i.e. the LED “ ”) on each TFLN panel stopsblinking and switch OFF (provided that the TFLN master optical TRX is not affected by a general failure).TPRF31 Troubleshooting
125MN024-010TPRFIn case a TPRF31 sub-rack shows any problems, more detailed status and alarm descriptions are able to be provided through the remote supervision unit.A complete overview of the TPRF31 alarms is reported in the previous Table 4.2.14.Please note that:• The power supply degradation (Vcc) occurs in case the +12Vdc power falls below the critical threshold level. In this case, the TPR31 automatically turns to standby mode so that no over-current is able to get through the circuitry of hosted modules, thus switching off the active modules and preserving the system’s integrity. As soon as the power supply voltage is restored to its standard level, the TPRF31 automatically turns on the active cards again. Should this not happen, press the Reset button (fi g. 4.2.4).• A I2Cbus alarm occurs when the TPRF31 sub-rack cannot communicate with one or more hosted modules. Each TPRF31 slot is able to automatically detect the presence of a module inside the slot. If a module is detected, but the TPRF31 is not able to communicate with it, the I2Cbus alarm is activated.Note: during the system commissioning, remember to mask the unused slots by pressing the Store/Clear button (fi g. 4.2.6) or through the LMT software (please refer to the relevant manual for more information) to avoid triggering insignifi cant alarms.Before carrying out any troubleshooting procedures, please check the LMT or Supervision System handbooks.
126 ION-B User ManualTFLN
127MN024-010TFLNMain tasks carried out by the TFLN moduleDownlink (DL):ÿ RF-to-optical conversion of the input RF signalÿ Optical splitting: input RF signal is split onto 4 optical outputsUplink (UL):ÿ Optical-to-RF conversion of the 4 input optical signalsÿ Automatic Gain Control (AGC) of each converted signal to compensate optical losses;ÿ RF combining of the 4 adjusted signals into a single RF outputRF ports• 1 DL RF input port • 1 auxiliary DL RF input port• 1 UL RF output port• 1 auxiliary UL RF output portNote: nominal input levels required at RF ports is +10dBm (please refer to datasheet for further information), as well as RF outputs may require a power adjustment to fi ll within the BTS receiving range.In order to fulfi l these requirements, external UL and DL attenuations may be required (see TBSI module).Optical ports• 4 DL optical output ports (SC/APC)• 4 UL optical input ports (SC/APC) 4.3. Master Optical TRX, TFLNDL OpticalPortsUL Optical PortsRF ULAuxiliary PortFigure 4.3.1: The TFLN Master Optical TransceiverStatus and Alarm LEDsRF DLAuxiliary PortRF ULMain PortRF DLMain Port
128 ION-B User ManualTFLNTFLN Visual AlarmsThe TFLN front panel is provided with 6 LEDs (see right), showing status and alarm information.LED signifi cance is reported on the above table.Further information about alarm status is delivered by the ION-B Supervision System.Note: In case the four TFLN optical output ports are not all connected to Remote Units, the unused ports must be properly masked at commissioning in order to avoid spurious alarms (please refer to LMT manual).TFLN power supplyEach TFLN master optical TRX is supplied by the sub-rack backplane (12V).The power consumption of each TFLN master optical TRX is 12W. Warnings (to be read before TFLN installation)Dealing with optical output ports• The TFLN master optical TRX contains semiconductor lasers. Invisible laser beams may be emitted from the optical output ports. Do not look towards the optical ports while equipment is switched on.Label LED colour Signifi cance= Green Power supply status OKRedGeneral TFLN failure, it might be:- TFLN laser failure- UL or DL amplifi er failure- TFLN short circuit1 RedLow UL optical power received from Remote Unit 1 (fault in optical link 1 or Remote Unit 1 failure)2 RedLow UL optical power received from Remote Unit 2 (fault in optical link 2 or Remote Unit 2 failure)3 RedLow UL optical power received from Remote Unit 3 (fault in optical link 3 or Remote Unit 3 failure)4 RedLow UL optical power received from Remote Unit 4 (fault in optical link 4 or Remote Unit 4 failure)241=3Fig 4.3.2: Visual alarms on the TFLN Master Optical Transceiver. Table 4.3.1: Visual alarms on the TFLN Master Optical Transceiver.
129MN024-010TFLNHandling optical connections • When inserting an optical connector, take care to handle it in order not to damage the optical fi bre. Optical fi bres have to be single-mode (SM) 9.5/125µm.• Typically, ION-B equipment is provided with SC-APC optical connectors. Inserting any other connector will result in severe damages. • Do not force or stretch the fi bre pigtail with a radius of curvature less than 5 cm. See Fig. 19 for optimal fi bre cabling.• Remove adapter caps only just before making connections. Do not leave SC-APC • Do not remove or insert any TFLN module into TPRN sub-rack before having switched off main power supply.• The TFLN modules must be handled with care, in order to avoid damage to electrostatic sensitive devices.• When installing TFLN modules in the sub-rack, take care to alternate active and passive cards in order to ensure proper heat dissipation.• In a multi-sub-rack system, remember to assign to each sub-rack a proper RS485 bus address before installing the modules (please refer to TPRN section for further details).adapters open, as they attract dust. Unused SC-APC adapters must always be covered with their caps.• Do not touch the adapter tip. Clean it thoroughly before inserting each connector into the sleeve. In case adapter tips need to be cleaned better, use pure ethyl alcoholInserting or removing TFLN modulesFig. 4.3.4: Installing a TFLN moduleFig. 4.3.5: Proper cabling of SMA connectors on a TFLN front panelFig. 4.3.3: Fiberoptical bendingWRONG CORRECT
130 ION-B User ManualTFLNTFLN Positioning• In case no ventilation system has been installed, don’t insert more than 8 TFLN modules into the sub-rack. • In case more than 8 TFLN modules have to be housed in a TPRN sub-rack, it’s advisable to install the TPRN sub-rack inside a rack with forced ventilation.• Be careful to meet expected requirements for RF ports. An adjustable attenuator might be necessary if the power coming from the BTS exceeds the required levels, to avoid damaging the ION-B circuitry or an increase of spurious emissions.TFLN InstallationThe TFLN master optical TRX is housed in a TPRN sub-rack and its dimensions are 19” wide and 4HE high. A TFLN module is able to be accommodated in any of these 12 slots.Note: In case a new TFLN module has to be installed in a still working Master Unit, switch off the sub-rack before inserting the plug-in TFLN module.Firstly, gently insert the TFLN into one of the 12 available slots, and lock the 4 screws on the front corners.Then, connect the UL and DL RF cable to the TFLN UL and DL ports, respectively. Use an appropriate torque wrench to fi x these RF cables to DL and UL ports.Remove the caps from TFLN optical ports and connect the SC-APC fi bre optic cables to the ports.UL and DL cables coming from the same Remote Unit have to be connected to the UL and DL ports marked by the same number on the TFLN front panel. As you switch on the system, carefully refer to the TFLN Start-Up section. Remember that Remote Units should be switched on before the Master Unit in order to follow the correct Start-Up procedure.Fig 4.3.6: Visual alarms on the TFLN Master Optical Transceiver.
131MN024-010TFLNTFLN Start-UpBefore the Master Unit is switched on, make sure that:• all necessary modules have been inserted into the Master Unit• the modules have been connected each other by RF jumpers, according to what has been planned in the system design• every TFLN master optical TRX has been connected to the relevant Remote Units• each Remote Unit has been connected to its coverage antenna• the remote supervision unit, if present, has been connected to the Master Unit• different Master Units are connected to each other via bus RS485Following this, the Master Unit itself can be turned on, making sure to turn on all the Remote Units fi rst, Once the Master Unit has been switched on, the behaviour of the TFLN at system start-up is able to be summarized with the following steps:1. When the Master Unit is turned on, all six LEDs on the TFLN front panel remain lit for a couple of seconds. After that, the green LED remains lit (indicating proper power supply) while the other LEDs indicate the master optical TRX status, according to the following table.Note: If the unused optical ports of the TFLN haven’t been masked through the LMT yet, corresponding LEDs will be lit. If this is the case, wait for the end of step 3 (discovery phase) then use the LMT to mask them (please refer to relevant handbook)2. About 10 seconds after the system has been switched on, the TFLN module begins a Label LED colour Status= Green ON(power supply is on)Red OFF(no major failure affects TFLN operations) 1 Red OFF(no major failure affects corresponding Remote Unit or UL connection) 2 Red OFF(no major failure affects corresponding Remote Unit or UL connection) 3 Red OFF(no major failure affects corresponding Remote Unit or UL connection) 4 Red OFF(no major failure affects corresponding Remote Unit or UL connection)Table 4.3.2: LED alerts on the TFLN front panel
132 ION-B User ManualTFLNAlarm Code(TSUN description)Alarm description Active LEDSupervision PriorityLevelAction Recommended ReléPriorityLevelRX1 optical power failThe optical power received on the UL1 is too low and can’t no more be compensatedRED (LED1) CRITICALCheck the UL1 fi bre and the Remote Unit laser statusMAJORRX1 AGC out of rangeThe optical power received is under the allowed 3dB optical loss but it can be compensatedNONE MINOR Clean optical connectors MINORRX2 optical power failThe optical power received on the UL2 is too low and can’t no more be compensatedRED (LED2) CRITICALCheck the UL2 fi bre and the Remote Unit laser statusMAJORRX2 AGC out of rangeThe optical power received is under the allowed 3dB optical loss but it can be compensatedNONE MINOR Clean optical connectors MINORRX3 optical power failThe optical power received on the UL3 is too low and can’t no more be compensatedRED (LED3) CRITICALCheck the UL3 fi bre and the Remote Unit laser statusMAJORRX3 AGC out of rangeThe optical power received is under the allowed 3dB optical loss but it can be compensatedNONE MINOR Clean optical connectors MINORRX4 optical power failThe optical power received on the UL4 is too low and can’t no more be compensatedRED (LED4) CRITICALCheck the UL4 fi bre and the Remote Unit laser statusMAJORRX4 AGC out of rangeThe optical power received is under the allowed 3dB optical loss but it can be compensatedNONE MINOR Clean optical connectors MINORMajor Remote Unit 1 Alarm from RU1 RED (LED1) - Check Remote Unit status MAJORMajor Remote Unit 2 Alarm from RU2 RED (LED2) - Check Remote Unit status MAJORMajor Remote Unit 3 Alarm from RU3 RED (LED3) - Check Remote Unit status MAJORMajor Remote Unit 4 Alarm from RU4 RED (LED4) - Check Remote Unit status MAJORDL laser alarm A fault occurs on the DL laser RED ( ) MAJOR Return the unit MAJORUL RF alarm HW failure on the UL RF section RED ( ) MAJOR Return the unit MAJORDL RF alarm HW failure on the DL RF section RED ( ) CRITICAL Return the unit MAJORBoard failure alarmGeneral failure on board RED ( ) MAJOR Return the unit MAJORTemperature alarmOver-temperature alarm NONE MINOR Check ventilation and environment MINORTable 4.3.3: LED alerts on the TFLN front panel
133MN024-010TFLN“discovery” phase to identify all connected Remote Units. This operation serves to collect all necessary information to be provided to the Supervision System.During the discovery phase, the TFLN general alarm (LED “ “) blinks while the other LEDs go on showing their previously detected status’. Time dedicated to the discovery phase could be up to a maximum of 4 min. and depends on system complexity.Do not connect/disconnect any cable or any piece of equipment during the discovery phase. This may result in failing to identify Remote Units.Please note that, while the discovery phase is running, the whole system is working correctly as discovery operations aim only to collect information about Remote Units without affecting the system functionalities.Note: in case discovery doesn’t start automatically, check the LMT or the remote supervision whether it has been disabled (refer to the LMT or remote Supervision System manuals for further information).Once the discovery is fi nished, the TFLN general alarm (LED “ ”) stops blinking and switches OFF. The power supply LED (green) remains on while LEDs 1, 2, 3 and 4 show either the status of the Remote Units or the quality of the UL connections. In case some of these LEDs remain on, check if they refer to unused optical ports or not. In this case, use LMT software to mask it. Otherwise, if they refer to connected Remote Units and remain on, please refer to the troubleshooting procedures.Removing a TFLN ModuleSwitch off the Master Unit power supply, remove the SC-APC optical connectors, and insert the protection caps into the TFLN optical ports. Then: • unscrew the 4 screws and slowly remove the card• put the removed TFLN card in its safety box• switch the Master Unit power supply on again, and refer to the Start Up section.TFLN TroubleshootingIn case a TFLN master optical TRX has any problems, this will be easily revealed through the LEDs on its front panels, otherwise troubleshooting can be carried out through the LMT or the Supervision System.LEDs on the TFLN front panel detect not only failures on the TFLN board itself, but also reveal malfunctions located on related Remote Units.
134 ION-B User ManualTFLNEach TFLN is provided with an AGC system which compensates optical losses of <3 dB. TFLN LED alarms switch on when the estimated optical losses are >4dB, when the AGC is not able to compensate these losses any more.One of LEDs,1, 2, 3 or 4, might turn on not only to indicate a high optical loss detected by the TFLN, but also to reveal a Remote Unit failure. Understanding the reason why one of LEDs 1, 2, 3 or 4 is on (a Remote Unit failure, an optical cable fault or an external equipment malfunction) can be done following the troubleshooting procedure reported hereinafter.Quick Troubleshooting Procedure(The following procedure is summarized by the fl ow-chart in fi g. 4.3.7a)1. If the TFLN general alarm (LED “ “) is on, replace the faulty TFLN master optical TRX with a new one and contact the manufacturer for assistance.2. In case one of the LEDs, 1, 2, 3 or 4, is lit, the corresponding TFLN adapter might be dirty. Try cleaning it using pure ethyl alcohol. If the LED is still lit, go to the corresponding Remote Unit side and check the red LED on the TFAx warm side:a. If it is off, the optical cables or the optical connections are supposed to have some problem on UL path. Refer to fi bre optic UL troubleshooting for more information (fi g. 21).b. If it is on, refer to Remote Unit troubleshooting presented in the previous Remote Unit sectionFibre Optic UL Troubleshooting(The following procedure is summarized by the fl ow-chart in fi g. 4.3.7b)1. Check if there is any point where the fi bre experiences a small radius of curvature. In this case, rearrange the optical path in order to avoid sharp bends (if necessary, replace the optical cable with a longer one). If this causes the TFLN red LED to switch off, troubleshooting has been successful. Otherwise, follow this next step.2. Check if the SC-APC connectors are properly installed at both fi bre ends (i.e. TFLN and Fig. 3.6.6: AGC thresholds vs LED alerts0dBm-3dBm-4dBmNormalWarningAlarmThe previous table reports a brief description of the TFLN alarms, together with a reference to the corresponding alerted LEDs.As the table shows, LEDs on the TFLN front panel signal all high priority alarms while minor alarms, which detect critical situations which should be checked and tested in order to avoid future possible system faults, are only revealed by the LMT or the Supervision System.
135MN024-010TFLNstartendGo to the corresponding remote unit side.YesYesNoNoReplace the faulty TFLN.Clean the corresponding SC-APC optical adapter and connector. Refer to remote unit troubleshootingUL optical cables or optical connections are supposed to have some problems. Refer to fibre optic UL troubleshootingIs the red LEDupon the TFLN still ON??Which red LED is ON ??NoYes1, 2, 3 or 4NoIs any red LEDON upon the TFLN ??Is the red LEDupon the remote unit ON??Is the red LEDupon the remote unit still ON??YesTFAx ports). If not, fi x the SC-SPC connectors better to their relevant adapters. If this causes the TFLN red LED to switch off, troubleshooting has been successful. Otherwise, follow this next step.3. Disconnect the optical fi bre and clean it at both fi bre ends (i.e. TFLN side and TFAx side) then reconnect the fi bre to relevant ports. In case this causes the TFLN red LED to switch off, troubleshooting has been successful. Otherwise, follow the next step.4. Disconnect the optical SC-APC connector from TFLN UL port, and measure the output Fig. 4.3.7 (a): Flow-chart describing the quick troubleshooting procedure
136 ION-B User ManualTFLNstartendGo to the TFLN sideThe troubleshooting procedure has not identi-fied the problem. Use the supervision system or contact assistanceDisconnect the optical SC-APC connector from the remote unit DL port.Is the red LED upon the remote unit still ON?YesYesYesNoNoNoConnect the fibre optic to its ports again. Disconnect the optical fiber and clean it at both ends. Is ADL >4dB?Is the red LEDupon the remote unit still ON??Are SC-APC connectors properly installed at both fiber ends?Fix better the SC-APC connectors.Clean the optical SC-APC ports on both the TFLN and the remote unit. Measure the output power at the corre-sponding fiber ends.Disconnect the optical SC-APC connectors from the TFLN DL portsCalculate the fiber DL attenuation:ADL[dB]=input power - output powerMeasure the input power coming out of the TFLN DL portFiber optic cable has some problems. Please replace itRearrange the optical path to avoid sharp bends. If necessary, replace the optical cable with a longer one Is the red LEDupon the remote unit still ON??NoYesYesNoNoYesIs there any smallradius of curvatureof the fibre??power POUT(UL) at the corresponding fi bre end. Then, go to the TFAx side, disconnect the optical SC-APC connector from TFAx UL port and measure the input power PIN(UL) coming out of the TFAx UL port.5. Calculate the UL fi bre attenuation AUL as: AUL [dB] = PIN(UL) – POUT(UL)a. If AUL > 4dB, the fi bre optic cable has some problems or the cable path is too long. Replace it.b. If AUL < 4dB, then the TFAx Remote Unit could be faulty. Before replacing it, check the TFAx status on the Supervision System and contact for assistanceFig. 4.3.7 (b): Flow-chart describing the quick troubleshooting procedure
137MN024-010TLCN2service, so that:ÿ TLCN2 combines the two DL inputs coming from 2 donor sources into 1 output signal entering the TFLN master optical TRX or a cross band couplerÿ TLCN2 splits the UL input coming from TFLN master optical TRX or a cross band coupler into 2 different output signals entering 2 different donor sources.ÿ to combine 2 RF signals into a common RF outputÿ to split an RF input into 2 RF output signalsIt is a passive wideband module.RF Ports• 1 DL common RF port (“C”) • 2 DL split RF ports (“1”,“2”)• 1 UL common RF port (”C”)• 2 UL split RF ports (“1”,“2”)Note: each port is bidirectional.TLCN2 Main ApplicationsThe main applications of the TLCN2 module are:• Connecting a donor source to more than one TFLN master optical TRX, so that:ÿ TLCN2 splits the DL input coming from a donor source into 2 output signals entering 2 different TFLN master optical TRXsÿ TLCN2 combines the UL inputs coming from 2 TFLN master optical TRXs into 1 common signal entering the donor source• Connecting a TFLN master optical TRX to more than one donor source within the same 4.4. Two-way Splitter/Combiner, TLCN2Description:The TLCN2, a bidirectional 2-way splitter/combiner, provides two identical combining sections for UL and DL which can be used in the following ways:DL Common UL Common UL Splitted DL Splitted PortsFig 4.4.1: TLCN2 splitter/combiner
138 ION-B User ManualTLCN2More TLCN2 modules can be used in cascade connections.TLCN2 Insertion Loss The TLCN2 insertion loss varies slightly depending on the frequency bands, as shown in table 4.7.When designing the system, remember to take into account the insertion loss of the TLCN2, if 700-1400MHz 1400-2200MHz 2200-2500MHzTLCN2 insertion loss 3.7 ± 0.4dB 4.1 ± 0.5dB 4.6 ± 0.4dBpresent.WarningsThe overall input power must not exceed +24dBm. TLCN2 InstallationSince the TLCN2 module doesn’t require any power supply, it can be housed either in an active or a passive TPRN sub-rack.1. Unpack the kit which includesÿ 1 TLCN2ÿ 4 RF jumpers (SMA-m), 2 x 25 cm, 2 x 35 cm2. Carefully insert the TLCN2 module into any of the TPRN sub-rack slots and lock the 4 screws on the front corners.3. Connect RF cables to the UL and DL ports, according to what has been planned by the designer. Use an appropriate torque wrench to fi x each cable to its relevant ports.4. In case some ports remain unused, remember to connect them to a 50 Ω load (not included)Table 4.4.1: Insertion loss values within different frequency bands
139MN024-010TLCN4Description:The TLCN4, bidirectional 4-way splitter/combiner, provides two identical combining sections for the UL and DL which can be used to:ÿ combine 4 RF signals into a common RF outputÿ split an RF input into 4 RF output signalsIt is a passive wideband module.RF Ports:• 1 DL common RF port (“C”) • 4 DL split RF ports (labelled “1”,“2”,“3”,“4”)• 1 UL common RF port (”C”)• 4 UL split RF ports (labelled “1”,“2”,“3”,“4”)Note: each port is bidirectional.TLCN4 Main ApplicationsThe main applications of the TLCN4 module are:• Connecting a donor source to more than one TFLN master optical TRX, so that:ÿ the TLCN4 splits the DL input coming from a donor source into 4 output signals entering 4 different TFLN master optical TRXsÿ the TLCN4 combines the UL inputs coming from 4 TFLN master optical TRXs into 1 common signal entering the donor source• Connecting a TFLN master optical TRX to more 4.5. Four-way Splitter/Combiner,TLCN4DL Common DL Splitted PortsUL Common UL Splitted than one donor source within the same service, so that:ÿ the TLCN4 combines the two DL inputs coming from up to 4 donor sources into 1 output signal entering the TFLN master optical TRX.ÿ the TLCN4 splits the UL inputs coming from the TFLN master optical TRX into 4 different output signals entering up to 4 different donor sources.Fig. 4.5.1: TLCN4 splitter-combiner
140 ION-B User ManualTLCN4More TLCN4 modules can be used in cascade connections.TLCN4 Insertion Loss The TLCN4 insertion losses vary slightly depending on the frequency bands, as shown in table 4.8.When designing the system, remember to take into account the insertion loss of the TLCN4.WarningsThe overall input power must not exceed +24dBmTLCN4 InstallationSince the TLCN4 module doesn’t require any power supply it can be housed either in an active or a passive TPRN sub-rack.1. Unpack the kit which includesÿ 1 TLCN4ÿ 8 RF jumpers (SMA-m), 1 x 18 cm, 2 x 23 cm, 2 x 28 cm, 2 x 33 cm, 1 x 36 cm2. Carefully insert the TLCN4 module into any of the TPRN sub-rack slots and tighten the 4 screws on the front corners.3. Connect RF cables to the UL and DL ports, according to what has been planned by the designer. Use an appropriate torque wrench to fi x each cable to their relevant ports.4. In case some ports remain unused, remember to connect them to a 50 Ω load (not included)700-1400MHz 1400-2200MHz 2200-2500MHzTLCN4 insertion loss 7.4 ± 0.4dB 8.0 ± 0.5dB 8.4 ± 0.4dBTable 4.5.1: Insertion loss values within different frequency bands
141MN024-010TLDN4.6. RF Dual Band Coupler TLDN Description:The TLDN is a passive RF dual band coupler designed to distribute signals within the master unit when coming from different bands.Main operations carried out are:ÿ in downlink, it combines a low band RF signal (800MHz to 1000MHz) and a high band RF signal (1700MHz to 2200MHz) into a common RF path ÿ in uplink, it fi lters the composite signal into a low-band (800MHz to 1000MHz) and a high-band (1700MHz to 2200MHz) It is a passive module.RF Ports• 1 UL common RF input port (“C”) for the combined UL signal• 1 UL high-band RF output port• 1 UL low-band RF output port• 1 DL common RF output port (“C”) for the combined DL signal• 1 DL high-band RF input port• 1 DL low-band RF input portTLDN Main ApplicationsMain applications of the TLDN module are:• Connecting 2 donor sources with different services to one TFLN master optical TRX in a dual band system, so that:ÿ the TLDN combines the DL inputs coming from the 2 different donor sources RF DL port,High BandRF DL port,Low BandRF DLCommon PortRF UL port,High RF ULCommon PortRF UL port,Fig. 4.6.1: TLDN dual band duplexer
142 ION-B User ManualTLDN(carrying different services) into an output signal entering the TFLN master opticalTRXÿ TLDN fi lters the UL input coming from a TFLN master optical TRX into 2 UL outputs entering 2 different donor sources (carrying different services)TLDN Insertion Loss TLDN insertion loss = 1.0 ± 0.5dB.When designing the system, remember to take into account the insertion loss of the TLDN.WarningsThe overall input power must not exceed +27dBm.TLDN InstallationSince the TLDN module doesn’t require any power supply, it can be housed either in an active or a passive TPRN sub-rack.1. Unpack the kit which includesÿ 1 TLDNÿ 2 RF jumpers (SMA-m), 2 x 40 cm2. Carefully insert the TLDN module in any of the TPRN sub-rack slots and tighten the 4 screws on the front corners.3. Connect RF cables to the UL and DL ports, according to what has been planned by the designer. Use an appropriate torque wrench to fi x each cable to their relevant ports.
143MN024-010TLTN4.7. RF Tri Band Coupler TLTNDescription:The TLTN is a passive RF tri band coupler designed to combine/split signals coming from different bands. Its main operations carried out are:ÿ in downlink, it combines a Low-band signal, a Middle-band signal and a High-band signal onto a single RF path ÿ in uplink, it fi lters a composite signal into Low-band, a Middle-band and a Low-band one.TLTN ModelsThe TLTN tri-band combiner is available in different versions, depending on the bands it addresses. A list of the TLTN models currently available is reported in table 4.7.1:RF orts• 1 DL common RF output port (“C”) for the combined DL signal• 1 DL Low-Band RF input port• 1 DL Middle-Band RF input port• 1 DL High-Band RF input port• 1 UL common RF input port (“C”) for the combined UL signal• 1 UL Low-Band RF output port• 1 UL Middle-BandRF output port• 1 UL High-Band RF output portRefer to table 4.7.1 for Low-band, Medium band, High-Band RF DLCommon PortRF DL port,Middle BandRF DL port,High BandRF DL port,Low BandFig. 4.7.1 TLTN tri-band couplerRF UL port,Middle BandRF UL port,High BandRF UL port,Low BandRF ULCommon Port
144 ION-B User ManualTLTNTLTN Main ApplicationsThe main applications of the TLTN module are:• Connecting 3 donor sources with different services to one TFLN master optical TRX in a tri band system, so that:ÿ The TLTN combines the DL inputs coming from 3 different donor sources (carrying different services) into an output signal entering the TFLN master optical TRXÿ The TLTN fi lters the UL input coming from the TFLN master optical TRX into 3 UL outputs entering 3 different donor sources (carrying different services)TLTN Insertion Loss TLTN insertion loss = 3.0 ± 0.5dB When designing the system, remember to take into account the insertion loss of the TLTN.WarningsThe overall input power must not exceed +27dBmTLTN InstallationSince the TLTN module doesn’t require any power supply it can be housed either in an active or a passive TPRN sub-rack.1. Unpack the kit which includes:ÿ 1 TLTNÿ 2 RF jumpers (SMA-m), 2 x 40 cm2. Carefully insert the TLTN module in any of the TPRN sub-rack slots and tighten the 4 screws on the front corners.3. Connect RF cables to the UL and DL ports, according to what has been planned by the designer. Use an appropriate torque wrench to fi x each cable to relevant ports.TLTN PortsTLTN Models: Low-band Medium-band High-bandTLTN 36DL: 851-869 MHzUL: 806-824 MHz(US LMR800 band)DL: 935-941 MHzUL: 896-902 MHz(US LMR800 band)DL: 1710-2170 MHzUL: 1710-2170 MHz(Generic high band)TLTN 44DL: 800-1000 MHzUL: 800-1000 MHz(Generic Low band)DL: 2110-2155 MHzUL: 1710-1755 MHz(US AWS1700 band)DL: 1930-1995 MHzUL: 1850-1915 MHz(US PCS1900 Extended band)TLTN 47DL: 800-1000 MHzUL: 800-1000 MHz(Generic Low band)DL: 1805-1880 MHzUL: 1710-1785 MHz(EU GSM1800 band)DL: 2110-2170 MHzUL: 1920-1980 MHz(EU UMTS band)Table 4.7.1: Different TLTN models
145MN024-010TDPNDescription:The TDPN is a frequency-dependent duplexer which combines downlink and uplink signals while maintaining isolation and stability.This board has been designed to support duplexed Base Stations.RF Ports• 1 DL RF output port• 1 UL RF input port• 1 common RF port (“C”) for UL and DL combined signalsTDPN Main ApplicationsThe TDPN main application is to connect the duplexed antenna port of the donor source to the ION-B system. The TDPN splits the DL and UL signals coming from the donor port into two separated ports, while combining the same path in the opposite direction.TDPN Insertion Loss The TDPN insertion losses are < 3dB.When designing the system, remember to take into account the insertion losses of the TDPN.WarningsThe overall input power must not exceed +30dBm.4.8. RF Duplexer, TDPNRF port for combined UL and DL signals DL RF port UL RF portFig. 4.8.1 TLTN tri-band coupler
146 ION-B User ManualTDPNAs the module is band-dependent, be sure to order the proper single-band version(s).TDPN InstallationSince the TDPN module doesn’t require any power supply it can be housed either in an active or a passive TPRN sub-rack.1. Unpack the kit which includesÿ 1 TDPNÿ 2 RF jumpers (SMA-m), 2 x 35cm2. Carefully insert the TDPN module in any of the TPRN sub-rack slots and tighten the 4 screws on the front corners.3. Connect RF cables to common UL and DL ports, according to what has been planned by the designer. Use an appropriate torque wrench to fi x each cable to their relevant ports.
147MN024-010TBSIDescriptionThe TBSI module adjusts the signal level between the donor source and the ION-B system.It has 2 independent variable attenuators to adjust both the uplink and downlink separately (please refer to the BriteTool manual to understand how to calculate the right value of attenuation through BriteTool software)RF Ports• 1 DL RF input port • 1 DL RF output port (attenuated signal)• 1 UL RF input port• 1 UL RF output port (attenuated signal)The attenuation required for both the DL and UL can be properly set through relevant knobs (30dB range, 1dB step).TBSI Main ApplicationsThe main applications of the TBSI module are:• adjusting RF levels coming to/from a donor source:ÿ The TBSI adjusts the DL signal to meet the required power level at the TFLN DL RF inputÿ The TBSI adjusts the RF UL signal coming from the TFLN master optical TRX in order to meet the desired requirements for blocking level and receiver sensitivity to the donor source4.9. Base Station Interface TBSIDL RF input port (from donor source)UL RF input port (from donor source)DL RF input port (to master unit)DL attenuation knob UL RF input port (from master unit)Fig. 4.9.1: The TBSI Base Station InterfaceUL attenuation knob
148 ION-B User ManualTBSIWarningsThe overall input power must not exceed +30dBm.TBSI InstallationSince the TBSI module doesn’t require any power supply, it can be housed either in an active or a passive TPRN sub-rack.1. Unpack the kit which includesÿ 1 TBSIÿ 2 RF jumpers (SMA-m), 1 x 35 cm, 1 x 45 cm2. Carefully insert the TBSI module into any of the TPRN sub-rack slots and tighten the 4 screws on the front corners.3. Connect RF cables according to what has been planned by the designer. Use an appropriate wrench to fi x each cable to their relevant ports.4. Set proper attenuation values.TBSI Insertion Loss The TBSI insertion losses are described in table 4.9.1:When designing the system, remember to take into account the insertion loss of the TBSI.800 MHz to 2000 MHz 2000 MHz to 2200 MHzTBSI insertion loss < 1dB < 1.3dBTable 4.9.1: Insertion loss values of the TBSI modules
149MN024-010TMPx-10DescriptionThe TMPx-10 Power Limiter monitors the downlink input power and attenuates it by 10dB above a predetermined set point. The threshold is programmable through the Supervision System.The TMPx-10 power limiter is available in two versions, one for GSM 900 MHz / DCS 1800 MHz applications, and the other for UMTS 2100MHz.RF Ports• 1 DL RF input port • 1 DL RF output port TMP Main ApplicationsThe main applications of the TMP module is:• Controlling the DL RF level coming from a donor source in order to protect the system if the level exceeds a specifi ed threshold.TMP Visual AlarmsThe TMP front panel is provided with 3 LEDs (please see fi g. 4.10.1) showing status and alarm information. The LED meaning is reported in the table below.Further information about alarm status is delivered by the ION-B Supervision System4.10. Power Limiter TMPx-10Label LED colour MeaningPower Green Power supply status OKAlarm RedIt can be:- TMP power supply alarm- RF input overdriveWarning YellowIt can be:- temperature alarm- no RF signal at the input portDL RF input port (from donor source)DL RF output port (to master unit)Fig. 4.10.1: The TMPx-10 Power LimiterTable 4.10.1: LED alerts on the TMP front panel
150 ION-B User ManualTMPx-10TMP Power SupplyEach TMPx-10 power limiter is supplied by the sub-rack back-plane (+12V).The power consumption of each TMPx-10 is 2W max.TMP Insertion Loss TMP insertion loss < 1.7dB.When designing the system, remember to take into account the insertion loss of the TMP.WarningsThe overall input power must not exceed +35dBm.Inserting or Removing TMP ModulesBefore to install the TMP Module• Do not remove or insert any TMP module into a TPRN sub-rack before having switched off the main power supply.• The TMP modules must be handled with care, in order to avoid damage to electrostatic sensitive devices.• When installing TMP modules in the sub-rack, take care to alternate active and passive cards in order to ensure proper heat dissipation.• In a multi-sub-rack system, remember to assign a proper RS485 bus address to each sub-rack before installing the modules (please refer to the TPRN section for further details).Setting the GSM 900 MHz / DCS 1800 MHz jumper (only for TMP2-10)The TMP2-10 module is provided with a 2-pin jumper which allows to choose the proper working mode (GSM 900 MHz or DCS 1800 MHz). Default factory preset is set to DCS 1800 MHz.Before installing the TMP card remember to set the right band, according to the fi g. 4.10.2. Please note that the 2-pin jumper does not affect directly the RF operations, but is absolutely essential in order to evaluate properly the correct power level of the signals, and therefore the provided attentuation! Therefore, take care to set the 2-pin jumper in the proper position: otherwise, power levels and attenuations will be misevaluated, and a power overdrive or underdrive will occur, although it seems to work propelry at a fi rst glance!
151MN024-010TMPx-10}}GSM 900 MHzDCS 1800 MHzTMP InstallationThe TMP power limiter can be accomodated in any of the 12 slots of a TPRN active sub-rack.Note: In case a new TMP module has to be installed in a still working Master Unit, switch off the sub-rack before inserting the plug-in TMP module1. Unpack the kit, which includesÿ 1 TMPÿ 1 RF jumper (SMA-m), 35cmIf your card is a TMP2-10, take care to set the 2-pin jumper in the proper working position (GSM 900 MHz or DCS 1800 MHz), according to the fi gure2. Carefully insert the TMP module in any of the TPRN sub-rack slots and tighten the 4 screws on the front corners.3. Connect RF cables according to what has been planned by the designer. Use an appropriate torque wrench to fi x each cable to their relevant ports.4. Switch on the sub-rack. As you switch on the system, carefully refer to the TFLN Start-up section.Fig. 4.10.2: Proper setting of the 2-pin jumper in the TMP2-10 Power Limiter: (a) GSM 900 MHz band ; (b) DCS 1800 MHz band.(a)(b)
152 ION-B User ManualTMPx-10Removing a TMP ModuleSwitch off the Master Unit power supply and remove RF jumpers. Then: • unscrew the 4 screws and slowly remove the card.• put the removed TMP card in its safety box.• switch on the Master Unit power supply again and refer to TFLN Start-up section.TMP TroubleshootingIn case a TMP power limiter has any problems, this will be easily revealed through LEDs on its front panel. Otherwise troubleshooting can be carried out through the LMT or Supervision System.ALARM CODE(TSUN description)ALARM DESCRIPTIONACTIVE LEDSUPERVISION PRIORITY LEVELACTION RECOMMENDED RELÉ PRIORITY LEVEL(subrack)Power supply alarmUPS HW failure or malfunction.RF is turned OFFRED MAJOR Return the unit MAJORTemperature alarm Over-temperature alarm YELLOW MINOR Check ventilation and environment MINORRF Input overdriveThe input signal has exceeded the thresholdRED WARNING Check the RF input signal MAJORRF Input No signal No RF signal at the input port YELLOW MINOR Check the RF input signal MINORTable 4.10.2: Description of the TMP alarmsThe above table reports a brief description of the TMP alarm, together with a reference to the corresponding alerted LEDs.Understanding why an LED is lit can be done following the troubleshooting procedure reported hereinafter.Quick Troubleshooting Procedure(The following procedure is summarized by the fl ow-chart in fi g. 4.2.10)1. In case the TMP red led is lit and the green led is off there is a problem with the power supply.a. Check the TPRN sub-rack and if it is switched off, switch it on.b. If the sub-rack is switched on, check the backplane power supply connector to verify if the +12Vdc is provided to the TMP module. If not, there is a fault on the
153MN024-010TMPx-10TPRN backplane and you need to return the sub-rack.c. Otherwise the TMP power supply section is faulty. Return the unit.2. In case the TPM red and green leds are lit, the RF level at the input port has exceeded the specifi ed threshold. Decrease the RF signal or change the threshold.3. In case the yellow led is on, check the RF input levela. If there isn’t any RF signal at the input, check if the RF cable is connected to the input port. If it’s connected, check the power coming out from the donor source.b. Otherwise, the temperature range is not within the specifi ed range, change the temperature range or provide proper air fl ow.startendThe TMP power supply doesn not work properly.Contact the manufacturer.Check the TPRN backplane power supplyCheck if the temperature is within the specified range. If it is not, the TPRN needs proper cooling.If it is, contact the manufacturer.Check the RF input level, Check if the RF cables are properly connected. If no leakage of RF power is found, contact the manufacturer.Switch ONthe subrackThe TPRN backplane seems to be faulty. Contact the manufacturer. There is a power supplying problem.The RF level on the input port has exceeded the threshold. Check the RF signal.Which red LED is ON ??Is the +12Vdc provided ??NoNoNoNoNoNoIs the red LEDON upon the TMP ?? YesYesYesYesYesIs the red LED ONand the green one OFF ??No YesYesIs the green LEDOFF upon the TMP ??Is the green LEDOFF upon the TMP ??Is the TPRN subrack switched ON??Fig. 4.10.3: Flow-chart describing ordinary troubleshooting procedures on the TMP module
154 ION-B User Manual
155MN024-0105. Confi guration Examples
156 ION-B User Manual5. Confi guration Examples5.1 IntroductionExamples of ION-B confi gurations are demonstrated in the following pages, showing how the equipment is able to meet the demands of a variety of different applications, from the easiest to the most complex. Some Multi-operator and Multi-sector applications hosted by various ION-B subracks are explored here, as well as a s simple confi guration hosted by an ION-B Fast Minirack.5.2. Multi-Operator ApplicationsExample #1: a 2-operator confi guration, where:• Operator 1 works with 2 different frequency bands: Band 1, and Band 3.• Operator 2 works with 3 different frequency bands: Band 1, Band 2 and Band 3.In this case, Band 1, 2 and 3 correspond to the European band GSM 900 MHz, DCS 1800 MHz, and UMTS 2100 MHz respectively.The ION-B confi guration required for such a scenario is shown in Fig. 5.1, and thecorresponding rack confi guration is shown in Fig. 5.2.Please note that:• any band where more than one Operator is present, requires a Power Limiter module for each operator;• the entire confi guration leads to a 1-sector coverage where all the 3 bands are present, each one served by all the involved operators;• such a simple confi guration allows you to use up to 32 ION-B Remote Units (each one providing 3-band coverage), thus being able to meet the most demanding coverage demands.
157MN024-010Figure 5.1: Example of ION-B confi gurations for a Multi-operator application.REMOTE UNITSOperator 1: Band 1+ Band 3Operator 2: Band 1 + Band 2 + Band 3POWER LIMITER (TMPx)POWER LIMITER (TMPx)BTS Operator 1 Band 1 (e.g. 800-1000 MHz) BTS Operator 1 Band 3 (e.g. 2000-2200 MHz) BTS Operator 2 Band 3 (e.g. 2000-2200 MHz) BTS Operator 2 Band 1 (e.g. 800-1000 MHz) BTS Operator 2 Band 2 (e.g. 1800-2000 MHz) SPLITTER/COMBINER (TLCN2)POWER LIMITER (TMPx)POWER LIMITER (TMPx) SPLITTER/COMBINER (TLCN2) CROSS BAND COUPLER (TLTN) SPLITTER/COMBINER (TLCN2)
158 ION-B User ManualOperator 1+ Operator 2 Band 2TMP2-10 TMP2-10TBSI TBSITDPN91 TDPN91TLCN2Operator 1,Band 1 (e.g. 800-1000 MHz)TMP3-10 TBSI TDPN20Operator 1,Band 3 (e.g. 2000-2200 MHz)Operator 1 : Band 1 + Band 3Operator 2 : Band 1 + Band 2 + Band 3TDPN20 TBSI TMP3-10Operator 2,Band 3 (e.g. 2000-2200 MHz)Operator 2,Band 1 (e.g. 800-1000 MHz)Operator 1+ Operator 2Band 1Operator 2,Band 2 (e.g. 1800-2000 MHz)TDPN18 TBSITLCN2TFLN TFLN TFLN TFLN TFLN TFLN TFLN TFLNTLCN4 TLTN TLCN2 TLCN4Figure 5.2: Rack confi guration for the Multi-operator application shown in Figure 5.1.at least 1HEat least 1HE
159MN024-0105.3. Multi-Sector ApplicationsFor this example, a single operator is present, and 2-sector coverage is required. This confi guration refl ects a North American scenario, where the coverage needs involve the LMR 800 MHz, LMR 900 MHz, and the PCS 1900 MHz band.In this case, the entire area must be covered by:• two LMR sectors (each one served both by the LMR 800 MHz and the LMR 900 bands);• one PCS 1900 MHz sector.The ION-B confi guration required by such a scenario is shown in Fig. 5.3, and thecorresponding rack confi guration is shown in Fig. 5.4. Please note that such a simple confi guration allows the use of up to 32 ION-B Remote Units (16 sectors per each LMR sector), thus guaranteeing optimum coverage for the most demanding environment.
160 ION-B User ManualREMOTE UNITS,LMR 800 MHz + LMR 900 MHz1st sectorREMOTE UNITS,PCS 1900 MHz sectorREMOTE UNITS,LMR 800 MHz + LMR 900 MHz2nd sectorBTS LMR 800 MHz Band ( UL: 806-824 MHz ;DL: 851-869 MHz )BTS LMR 800 MHz Band ( UL: 806-824 MHz ;DL: 851-869 MHz )BTS LMR 900 MHz Band ( UL: 896-902 MHz ;DL: 935-941 MHz ) BTS LMR 900 MHz Band ( UL: 896-902 MHz ;DL: 935-941 MHz )BTS PCS 1900 MHz Band ( UL: 1850-1915 MHz ;DL: 1930-1990 MHz ) SPLITTER/COMBINER (TLCN2) SPLITTER/COMBINER (TLCN4) CROSS BAND COUPLER (TLTN) DUPLEXER (TDPN) DUPLEXER (TDPN) DUPLEXER (TDPN) FIXED ATTEN. FIXED ATTEN. FIXED ATTEN. FIXED ATTEN. FIXED ATTEN. DUPLEXER (TDPN) CROSS BAND COUPLER (TLTN) DUPLEXER (TDPN) ATTENUATOR (TBSI) ATTENUATOR (TBSI) ATTENUATOR (TBSI) ATTENUATOR (TBSI) ATTENUATOR (TBSI) SPLITTER/COMBINER (TLCN4)MASTEROPTICAL TRX(TLFN)MASTEROPTICAL TRX(TLFN)MASTEROPTICAL TRX(TLFN)MASTEROPTICAL TRX(TLFN)MASTEROPTICAL TRX(TLFN)MASTEROPTICAL TRX(TLFN)MASTEROPTICAL TRX(TLFN)MASTEROPTICAL TRX(TLFN)Figure 5.3: Example of ION-B confi guration for a Multi-sector application.
161MN024-010TLCN2Sector 1 : LMR 800 MHz + LMR 900 MHz + PCS 1900 MHz (unsectorized)TDPN92 TBSI TDPN80 TBSIPCS 1900 MHz(unsectorized)TDPN19 TBSILMR 900 MHz,Sector 1LMR 900 MHz,Sector 2LMR 800 MHz,Sector 2TDPN92 TBSILMR 800 MHz,Sector 1TDPN80 TBSITFLN TFLN TFLN TFLN TFLN TFLN TFLN TFLNTLCN4 TLTN TLTN TLCN4Sector 2 : LMR 800 MHz + LMR 900 MHz + + PCS 1900 MHz (unsectorized)Figure 5.4: Rack confi guration for the Multi-sector application shown in Figure 5.3.at least 1HE
162 ION-B User Manual2%-/4%5.)43/PERATOR"AND"ANDBTS Operator 1 Band 2 (e.g. 2000-2200 MHz) BTS Operator 1 Band 1 (e.g. 1800-2000 MHz) Splitting/Combining board (TPOI) FIXED ATTEN. FIXED ATTEN.MASTEROPTICAL TRX(TLFN)Figure 5.5: Example of an ION-B Fast MiniRack application.Figure 5.6: Confi guration of the Fast MiniRack for the application shown in Figure 5.5.5.4. Fast MiniRack applicationsThis last example demonstrates how the ION-B equipment is able to provide a simple solution to a situation where the same operator needs to provide coverage to 1 or 2 frequency bands.Such a situation can easily be solved by a Fast MiniRack application, housing a Master Optical Transceiver (TFLN) card and the appropriate Point-of-Interface (POI) card, to be chosen among the ION-B 1-slot cards. In order to have the most updated information about the available ION-B 1-slot cards, please contact the referred Salesperson or Product Line Manager.The ION-B confi guration required by such a scenario is shown in Fig. 5.5, and the corresponding rack confi guration is shown in Fig. 5.5. Please note that such a simple confi guration allows you to use up to 4 ION-B Remote Units, thus guaranteeing good coverage throughout the required area.
163MN024-0106. Warning and Safety Requirements
164 ION-B User Manual6. Warning and Safety RequirementsEnvironmental ConditionsThis equipment is designed to be installed in indoor environments.Operating temperature: +5 to +40°CDo not install in corrosive atmosphere or in critical environmental conditions such as hazardous classifi ed areas (1).Installation Site Features A trained technician should carry out the installation of the master unit. Since the system is designed for indoor installation, the master unit should be installed in a dry and suitable location where:• there is no risk of explosion;• the environment is not classifi ed as a high-risk one in case of fi re;• suspended particles are not to be found in great concentration;• there is no risk of traffi c which could cause collision damages;• the site is properly located with respect to the ergonomic positioning of the working environments;• the system is placed in a private room, protected against any possible violation;• there is no direct sunlight or where water may drip on the device (for example under air-conditioning equipment).• the site must be accessible by maintenance personnel;• the site must be dry, with low humidity;• the site must guarantee proper space for cables and natural ventilation for the system;• 2 meters must be kept between the rack and any heating opening.The remote units should be mounted in reasonable locations as well:• do not install remote units inside heating or conditioning areas;• do not install remote units inside cable pipelines or fi re-prevention sites (fi re escapes, lift tunnelss, emergency exits; which have to guarantee defi ned safety standards);• take into consideration that the temperature in the upper part of a room is higher than at the 2 meter height. For false ceiling installation of case-A and case-B remote units, verify that the environment temperatures do not exceed allowed limits;• each remote unit requires its own power and a connection to the mains might be needed;
165MN024-010• take into consideration that each remote unit transmits an RF signal and the safety volume must be respected (refer to country regulations for safety volume magnitude);• remote units must be mounted according to installation instructions;• Weight and dimensions of case-F remote units should be carefully considered when choosing the installation site and positioning. During any installation step, please consider the potential risk of any equipment falling or dropping unexpectedly.• When choosing the installation site and position, please consider that all remote units must be accessible for tests and maintenance.(1) Hazardous locations are those areas “where fi re or explosion hazards may exist due to fl ammable gases or vapours, fl ammable liquids, combustible dust, or ignitable fi bres or fl yings”.Safety and Precautions During Installation or MaintenanceDuring installation, the following tools and equipment will be needed:Typical electrician tools: cross-point screwdriver, scissors, pliers, nippers, drill and bits, screws for fi xing remote units to the wall.Typical equipment:proper ladder, scaffolding or air platform for installation of remote units.CAUTION: some modules are electrostatic-sensitive devices; electrostatic discharges are caused by direct contact or by an electrostatic fi eld. If a charged body approaches an electrically conducting surface, the acquired potential is discharged. An equalising current can than fl ow in the associated circuitry and generate permanently damaging voltages by induction.The human body should be grounded at the same potential as the component or equipment being handled. A wrist strap creates an equipotential electrical connection between the object and the human.CAUTION: Do not paint or otherwise coat ION-B equipment.CAUTION: Great caution should always be used when installing any equipment at a height higher than 2 meters. Personnel who are installing this equipment should be informed about the possible risks and safety measures when elevated.CAUTION: Case-F remote units are provided with door panels which must be handled with care during installation or maintenance operations. Always switch off the remote
166 ION-B User Manualwhen working while the panel is open. When closing the panels, take care not to leave any tools inside the equipment, not to hurt your fi ngers, and not to trap clothes, bracelets, chains, or long hair.Never remove the cover from a TFAx remote unit or from a TPRN subrack when the power supply is ON.Power Supply ConnectionPower connection must be carried out following all necessary precautions:• it must be properly made according to the due diligence rules (ex.: EN rules, IEC rules, etc.);• in accordance with the rules for safety against direct or indirect contacts;• in accordance with the rules for safety against over current (short circuit, overloading);• in accordance with the rules for safety against over voltage;• connection is to be carried out by appropriate and competent staffCAUTIONIn North America, this equipment is to be installed in accordance with the National Electric Code (NEC) ANSI/NFPA 70 and the Canadian Electric Code (CEC) Part 1, C22.1.CAUTIONDo not remove or insert any module into the TPRN sub-rack without prior switching the power supply OFF.CAUTIONDo not connect the AC power until you have verifi ed that the line voltage is correct.Do not remove the plastic cover of the external power supply adapter.Safety and Precautions for LasersThe optical transmitter used in the ION-B contains a laser which has a power level that is not dangerous for health. However it is classifi ed as class 1 equipment (in accordance with EN60825). It is nevertheless prudent, during the installation phase, to observe the following rules:• Never look directly inside the optic connector exit of the transmitter when it is switched on. The wavelength of the laser is not visible to the human eye, which means that long-term damage will not be immediately known.• When working with the optical connectors, check at each end that both transmitting lasers are switched off.
167MN024-010Health and Safety WarningsPlease be aware that each country or governmental body has established its own specifi c limits for RF exposure, to which the installation of any radiating antenna must conform. When installing your ION-B system, take care to comply to your local regulations and guidelines about RF exposure limits.Antenna installation must conform to the following guidelines to meet FCC RF exposure limits, otherwise an environmental evaluation is required if:RSS Canadian standardsTo meet RSS Canadian standards the following guidelines have to be taken into account:• For any situation where multiple carrier signals are present, take care to reduce the single-carrier output rating at least by 3.5dB, especially when the output signal is reradiated and can cause interference with adjacent band users. This power reduction can be achieved by reducing the input power which enters the TFLN input ports, not through an attenuator at the output of the ION-B devices.• To comply with the FCC exposure compliance requirements, the following antenna installation and device operating conditions must be satisfi ed: The antenna(s) used in the system must be installed to maintain at least a 20-cm separation distance from any person. The highest allowed antenna gain, including coaxial cable loss, is 12dBi. RF exposure compliance may need to be addressed at the time of licensing, as required by the responsible FCC Bureaus(s), including antenna co-locating requirements of 1.1307(b)(3).Electromagnetic Fields and RF PowerThe ION-B system generates electromagnetic radiation, which can exceed safety levels in the immediate vicinity of the antenna.The most widely accepted standards are those developed by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).Formula for minimum safety distancesThe formula for calculating the minimum safety distances uses the specifi cations of a particular antenna that could be driven by TFAx.(6.1)√10 P(G-L)104•π•Srmin =
168 ION-B User ManualThis equation includes the following factors:• G is the antenna gain (in dB) compared to isotropic radiating antennas;• P is the RF power that is present at the antenna connector (in W);• L is the total loss (in dB) between the TFAx remote unit output port and the antenna input port;• S is the maximum allowed power density in air (in W/m2). Its values should be calculated according to the limit exposures to time-variations and magnetic fi elds. The reference values are reported in the ICNIRP guidelines, unless otherwise specifi ed by specifi c regulations. (please note that, if regulations only defi ne the maximum electrical and magnetic fi eld strengths, the allowed power density is able to be be obtained by:S= E2/377= B2·377where 377 is the characteristic’s impedance of the empty space).Example 1. A Medium Power TFAM 18/20P must distribute mobile signals through a directional antenna, fed by a 2-metre length RG223 cable (no splitters used). The antenna gain is 7 dB and the ION-B system distributes one GSM 1800 MHz carrier and one UMTS 2100 MHz carrier.The maximum allowed power density we have to comply with is:S = 10 W m-2(typical ICNIRP reference level for general public exposure to time-varied electric and magnetic fi elds).By reading the relevant notes for the TFAM 18/20P remote unit, we know the overall output power at the antenna port is able to be estimated as follows:• 20 dBm ± 2 ( +22 dBm maximum, equivalent to 0.158 W) for the Cellular 850 MHz band• 20 dBm ± 1.5 ( +21.5 dBm maximum, equivalent to 0.141 W) in the PCS 1900 MHz band. • The total output power at the antenna port is therefore P = 0.158 + 0.141 = 0.299 W.By reading the cable specs, we get that RG223 cable losses can be estimated at 0.55 dB/m. Total losses between the TFAM 18/20P output port and the antenna input port can therefore be estimated as follows: L = 0.55 (dB/m) x 2 (m) = 1.1 dBBy replacing the above values of G, L, P, S parameters inside the formula 6.1, we therefore get the the following minimum safety distance from the antenna: r min = { 10 · exp [ (7 - 1.1) / 10 ] · 0.299} / (4·π·10) } · exp (1/2) = 0.096 m Example 2. A Low Power TFAH85/19 through a directional antenna is used, fed by a 20 -metre length ½” cable, with a 2-way splitter. The antenna Gain is 7 dB and the ION-B system distributes one Cellular 850 MHz carrier and one PCS 1900 MHz carrier.
169MN024-010The maximum allowed power density we have to comply with is: S = 50 W·m2(typical ICNIRP reference level for occupational exposure to time-varied electric and magnetic fi elds)By reading the ION-B notes, we know that the output power per carrier at the TFAM antenna port is• 30 dBm ± 2 ( +32 dBm maximum, equivalent to 1.202 W) for the Cellular 850 MHz band• 30 dBm ± 2 ( +32 dBm maximum, equivalent to 1.202 W) for the PCS 1900 MHz bandThe ½” cable losses are 0.07 dB/m in the 900 MHz band, and 0.11 dB/m in the 2100 MHz band.The splitter insertion losses are 3.5 dB. The total losses between the TFAH85/19 output port and the antenna input ports can therefore be estimated as follows: L 850MHz = 0.07 (dB/m) x 20 (m) + 3.5 = 4.9 dB for Cellular 850 MHz signals L 1900MHz = 0.10 (dB/m) x 20 (m) + 3.5 = 5.5 dB for PCS 1900 MHz signalsThe term “10 exp (G-L/10) P” which appears inside the formula 6.1 should therefore be calculated seperately for each frequency, and then added in order to calculate the composite contribution: P 850MHz, ant = 10 exp [(7-4.9)/10]· 1.202 = 1.949 W P 1900MHz, ant = 10 exp [(7-5.5)/10]· 1.202 = 1.698 W P composite= P850MHz, ant + P1900MHz,ant = 3.647 WBy dividing the total power through (4·π·S) and taking the square root according to the formula 6.1, we therefore get the the following minimum safety distances from the antenna: r min = { Pcomposite /(4·π·50)} · exp (1/2) = 0.02 mExample 3. There is a Medium Power TFAM91/18/20 which is connected to an omnidirectional antenna through a 10-metre length RG223 cable (no splitters used). The antenna Gain is 7 dB and the ION-B system distributes two GSM900 carriers, two GSM1800carriers, and one UMTS2100 carrier.The maximum allowed electrical fi eld strength is: E = 6 V m(typical Italian reference level for exposure to time-varied electric and magnetic fi elds). The corresponding value of the maximum allowed power density is: S = E2 /377 = 0.1 W/m2By reading the relevant notes for the TFAM 91/18/20 remote unit, the overall output power at the TFAM antenna port can be estimated as follows:• 20 dBm ± 2 ( +22 dBm maximum, equivalent to 0.158 W) for the Cellular 910 MHz:• 21 dBm ± 2 ( +23 dBm maximum, equivalent to 0.200 W) for the GSM1800)
170 ION-B User Manual• 26 dBm ± 1 ( +27 dBm maximum, equivalent to 0.501 W) in the UMTS band• The total output power at the antenna port is therefore: P = 0.158W x 2 + 0.200W + 0.501W = 1.345 W,By reading the cable specs, we get that RG223 cable losses can be estimated at 0.55 dB/m. Total losses between the TFAM 91/18/20 output port and the antenna input port can therefore be estimated as follows: L = 0.55 (dB/m) x 10 (m) = 5.5 dBBy replacing the above values of G, L, P, S parameters inside the formula 6.1, we therefore get the the following minimum safety distance from the antenna: r min = { 10 · exp [ (7 - 5.5) / 10 ] · 1.345} / (4·π·0.1) } · exp (1/2) = 1.22 m
171MN024-010CLASS 1 laser productGROUND - Use this terminal for a safety ground connection for the equipment.When this equipment is no longer used, please do not throw it into a trash container as unsorted municipal waste. Waste electrical electronic equipment (WEEE) must be collected apart and disposed of according to the European Directives 2002/96/EC and 2003/108/EC. In order to comply with the proper WEEE disposal, it is suggested that you contact the manufacturer. Any failure to comply with the above regulations will be punished through fi nesPlease refer to Appendix B for further details about equipment disposalWarning Labels
172 ION-B User Manual7. TECHNICAL SUPPORT
173MN024-0107. TECHNICAL SUPPORTAndrew Corporation offers technical support by providing these 24-Hour call services:North America (toll free) to U.S.A. Telephone 1-800-255-1479 Fax 1-800-349-5444Any Location (International) to U.S.A.Telephone + 1-779-435-6000 Fax + 1-779-435-8576The ION-B is developed by:Andrew Wireless Systems SrlVia Pier De Crescenzi 4048018 Faenza, ItalyTel: +39.0546.697111Fax: +39.0546.682768Useful information about the product is available on Andrew’s website:http://www.andrew.com/products/inbuilding/das/ion_b-series.aspxFor further information about the product, please write to:Britecell@andrew.comFor questions, comments or suggestions, go to following page on Andrew’s website:http://www.andrew.com/contactus/contact.aspx?ct=11
174 ION-B User Manual1Please refer to the serial label Upon accepting your RMA request, the manufacturer will assign you a unique RMA code. You will therefore be able to return the equipment to the manufacturer. Please remember that:• each piece of equipment must be packaged with care before shipment;• a copy of the RMA request form must be included with the returning equipment, with clear indication of the RMA code you received from the manufacturer.The returned pieces are able to be repaired (where possible) or replaced (when no repairations can be carried out). These operations are performed under warranty (please see the warranty conditions specifi ed in the sales contract) or out-of-warranty. In the latter case, we will send you a bill for equipment repairation or replacement.When returning the repaired or replaced equipment, the manufacturer will issue a check report, which will be included in the packaging together with the returned pieces. The customer will be informed of any corrective actions suggested for quality assurance.Company nameAddressContact personInvoice numberDelivery noteN°. of piecesModel1Serial Number1Lot1Yea r1Description of the Failure/defectReturning EquipmentBefore returning any equipment to the manufacturer for repairation or replacement, the customer should give prior notice to the manufacturer and ask for the ‘Return Material Authorisation’ (RMA request).Before sending any piece of equipment to the manufacturer, the following RMA request form is required to be sent via fax (+39 0546 682768) or via e-mail (Britecell@andrew.com).RMA REQUEST FORM
175MN024-010Appendixes
176 ION-B User ManualAppendix A: System CommissioningThe following fl ow charts are a quick reference for the ION-B® system installation and commissioning.The fi rst fl ow chart (see Fig. A.1) highlights the main steps for system installation and commissioning starting from the equipment unpacking up to the check of the coverage and call quality.startendTry the so-called “walk-test” so as to verify the DL coverage, and make a call so as to verify the qualityTry to identify the problem through the ION-B supervision system (if present). Alternatively, you can use the LMT application (please refer to LMT user manual) or follow the corresponding troubleshooting procedure (pages).If the problem persists, contact the manufacturerr..Unpack the equipmentCalculate the UL and DL attenuation values (using BriteTool application) Are there any boxes left?Is the ION-B system working properly?Install and cable the master unitInstall and cable the remote units (see flow chart on pict.29)Set the TBSI modulewith the UL and DL attenuation values Check the DL levelsthrough a spectrum analyzerStart up the the system (see flow-chart on pict.30)Are the RF coverage and the quality of the calls ok?Check the design of the system, Contact your system engineer if the project seems to have some discrepancies.YesYesYesNoNoNoPicture A.1: Flow-chart describing the main istallation and commissioning steps
177MN024-010The previous fl ow chart contains the following cross references:• the master unit installation and cabling is described in more detail in the fl ow chart (Fig. A.3). It follows the fl ow of actions from the sub-rack mounting on the cabinet up to the settings and connections needed in case remote supervision has to be considered. An example of system layout at master unit side is presented in fi gure A.2 for a confi guration consisting in 1 sector with 4 TFLN master optical Trxs.For more details about TSUNx confi guration and start-up refer to the Remote Supervision manual.• once the whole system has been installed, the attenuation on the base station interface has to be defi ned in order to set up the performances. Use the Britetool Software to calculate the required attenuation values for uplink and downlink. Refer to the Britetool manual for more information.• the system start-up is described in more detail in the fl ow chart (Fig. A.4). It follows the fl ow of actions from the remote and master unit switch on and discovery up to the system Picture A.2: Case layout for a 1 sector with 4 TFLN master optical transceiverss
178 ION-B User Manualconfi guration through LMT Software and/or remote supervision system. For more details on how to use the LMT and about TSUNx confi guration and start-up refer to their relevant manuals.• in case the system is not working properly, refer to the troubleshooting procedures reported in their relevant sections.startendMount the Rack into the cabinetInsert all the boards into the proper Rack, according to the system design) Are there any other Racks?Connect the power cablesSet the Rack baud rate (the same for all the Racks - see Fig. 4.1.7, pag. 104, Fig. 4.2.6, pag. 116)Connect the boards using thr provided RF cable kits Connect the COM2 port of the TSUNx to the RS-232 port of a subrackConnect the subracks in a chain using RS485 portAre all the boards properly inserted and connected?Set the Rack address (with different addresses on different subracks - see Fig. 4.1.7, pag. 104, and Fig. 4.2.6, pag. 116)Does the system include a TSUN1 or TSUN3 device?Does the system include a TSUN6 device?Switch ON the Rack only after having connected the remote unitsYesYesYesYesNoNoNoNoPicture A.3: Flow-chart describing the Master unit installation and cabling steps
179MN024-010Wait until the discovery finishes (i.e., until the TFLN general alarm LEDs stop blinking) startendConnect a laptop to the TSUNx LAN port) Login to the Supervision SystemLaunch the discovery the LMT or remote supervision system (please see the relevant manuals) Connect a laptop to the RS232 subrack port Mask Slots (see the LMT User ManuaI)Select the Quick Configuration MenuAre all the remote units switched ON?Switch them ONIs master unit working properly?Are all the subracks switched ON?Did the systemdiscovery start?Switch them ONSelect the Quick Configuration MenuMask TFAs (see the LMT User ManuaI)Are the remote units working properly?Does the system includes a TSUNx supervision unit?Open an internet browser and type in the default TSUNx addressAccess the Configuration menu and reboot to apply the changesIs supervision system working properly?Access the Configuration menu and Run the system discovery againIs supervision system working properly?Follow the corresponding troubleshooting procedures (pages 111, 133-137)Follow the corresponding troubleshooting procedures (pages 57-63, 81-85, 93-97)YesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoPicture A.4: Flow-chart describing the system start-up steps
180 ION-B User ManualAppendix B: EU Guidelines for WEEE DisposalDisposal GuidelinesAll WEEE products are properly labelled (please refer to fi g. B.1) so as to inform the customer that no piece of equipment should be treated as unsorted municipal waste. Within the EU boundariers, any WEEE equipment which is no longer used should be treated and disposed of according to European Directives 2002/96/EC and 2003/108/EC. The above regulations state that Waste Electric Electronic Equipment (WEEE) must be disposed of by authorised centers with proper license for WEEE treatment.The customer can decide to dispose of the unused equipment only if he owns a WEEE disposal licence. Otherwise, he should contact the manufacturer or any center which is authorised for WEEE treatment. Any failure to comply with the above regulations will be punished through a penalty whose amount and terms are set by each EU Member State.The information reported hereinafter (table B.1) is aimed at allowing the costumer to recycle and dispose of the WEEE equipment according to environmental-friendly practices. These guidelines fall within Andrew’s efforts to increase re-use, recycling and other forms of recovery, leading to a reduction in the amount of waste going to landfi ll or incinerationProducts Recyclable materialsWaste to be disposed of by approved companies (i.e, licensees for European Waste No. 160216)Hazardous materialsTFAx Case ATFAx Case B• Alluminium (external case)• Metal (RF connectors,screws, bottom cover)• Plastic (optical connectors and adapters, dry contacts)• cables, fi beroptic cables, internal circuit boards• psu, inlet (for any TFAx Case A, except TFAM20)• NoneTFAx Case RTFAx Case R2• Alluminium (external case)• Metal (RF connectors, screws)• Plastic (optical connectors and adapters ; power connector; ) • cables, internal circuit board • NoneTFAH Case F• Alluminium (external case)• Metal (RF connectors, screws, cavity fi lters)• Plastic (optical connectors and adapters ; power connector; )• cables, fi beroptic cables, internal circuit boards, psu, inlet• NoneFig. B.1: WEEE identifi cation label
181MN024-010Products Recyclable materialsWaste to be disposed of by approved companies (i.e., licensees for European Waste No. 160216)Hazardous materialsTPSN Power Supply• Plastic (external case; inlet and plug in the 220 Vac version)• Metals (wall bearing; screws)• cables, fi beroptic cables, internal circuit boards, psu, inlet• Electrolytic capacitorsTKA installation kit • Alluminium (wall bearing)• Metal (connector cover) • None • NoneTPRN• Alluminium (external case)• Metal (screws, bottom cover)• Plastic (black guides housing the modules)• cables, internal circuit boards, psu, inlet • NoneTPRF31• Metal (RF connectors, screws)• Plastic (power supplying ports, power connector, dry-contacts) • cables, fi beroptic cables, internal circuit board • NoneTFLN• Alluminium (front panel)• Metal (RF connectors, screws)• Plastic (optical connectors and adapters ; side protections of the electronic board) • cables, fi beroptic cables, internal circuit board • NoneTLCN2, TLCN4, TLDN,TLTN, TDPX, TMP• Alluminium (front panel)• Metal (RF connectors, screws) • cables, internal circuit board • NoneTBSI• Alluminium (front panel)• Metal (RF connectors, screws)• Plastic (handles on the TBSI front panel) • cables, internal circuit board • NoneTable B.1: Guidelines for recycling and disposing of ION-B electrical and electronic components

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