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Macintosh Performa

User’s Guide
Includes setup, troubleshooting, and important health-related
information for Macintosh Performa 500 series computers

K Apple Computer, Inc.
© 1994 Apple Computer, Inc. All rights reserved.
Under the copyright laws, this manual may not be copied, in whole or in part, without the
written consent of Apple. Your rights to the software are governed by the accompanying
software license agreement.
The Apple logo is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the U.S. and other
countries. Use of the “keyboard” Apple logo (Option-Shift-K) for commercial purposes without
the prior written consent of Apple may constitute trademark infringement and unfair
competition in violation of federal and state laws.
Every effort has been made to ensure that the information in this manual is accurate. Apple is
not responsible for printing or clerical errors.
Apple Computer, Inc.
1 Infinite Loop
Cupertino, CA 95014-2084
(408) 996-1010
Apple, the Apple logo, Apple SuperDrive, AppleTalk, EtherTalk, LaserWriter, Macintosh,
MacTCP, and Performa are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the U.S. and
other countries.
Apple Backup, Apple Desktop Bus, Apple Restore, AppleScript, Balloon Help, Disk First Aid,
Extensions Manager, Finder, and Macintosh PC Exchange, PowerTalk, and QuickDraw are
trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc.
Adobe, Adobe Illustrator, Adobe Photoshop, and PostScript are trademarks of Adobe Systems
Incorporated, which may be registered in certain jurisdictions.
ExposurePro is a registered trademark of Baseline Publishing, Inc.
Helvetica and Times are registered trademarks of Linotype Company.
IBM is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corporation.
QMS is a registered trademark of QMS, Inc.
QuarkXPress is a registered trademark of Quark, Inc.
SuperPaint is a registered trademark of Aldus Corporation.
Tektronix is a registered trademark of Tektronix, Inc.
Trinitron is a trademark of Sony Corporation, registered in the U.S. and other countries.
Simultaneously published in the United States and Canada.
Mention of third-party products is for informational purposes only and constitutes neither an
endorsement nor a recommendation. Apple assumes no responsibility with regard to the
performance or use of these products.

The Apple Publishing System
This Apple manual was written, edited, and produced on a desktop publishing system using
Apple Macintosh computers and QuarkXPress. Technical illustrations were drawn in Adobe™
Illustrator; screen shots were created and modified with system software, ExposurePro, Aldus
SuperPaint, and Adobe Photoshop. Proof pages were created on Apple LaserWriter printers and
on QMS and Tektronix color printers. Final pages were output directly to separated film on a
PostScript™-driven imagesetter.
Text type is Times®, display type is Helvetica® Narrow, and cover type is Apple Garamond,
Apple’s corporate font. Ornaments are custom symbols designed for Apple Computer.
PostScript, the LaserWriter page-description language, was developed by Adobe Systems
Incorporated.

Contents

Communications regulation information

1 Getting Started

vi

1

Plugging in the computer

1

Installing an expansion card

3

Connecting the mouse and keyboard
Connecting other equipment

4

6

Turning the computer on for the first time
What’s next?

10

Learning the basics
Reviewing the basics

11
12

Turning the computer off

13

Turning the computer on

13

Where to find answers

2 Getting Help

7

14

15

Getting answers to your questions
Identifying objects on the screen
Learning useful shortcuts

16
24

25

iii

3 Expanding Your Computer and Using Special Features
Your computer at a glance

28

Where to connect additional equipment

29

Using the sound control buttons on your computer

30

Using the screen control buttons on your computer

31

Using the built-in microphone
Connecting to a network
Expanding memory

32

33

34

Installing internal drives

34

4 Using Programs and Backing Up Disks
Installing application programs

35

36

Working with several programs at a time
Protecting the information on a disk

37

38

Restoring the information on your hard disk

5 Troubleshooting

47

When you have questions

47

When you run into trouble

47

Solutions to common problems
Repairing a damaged disk
Initializing a hard disk

51

62
69

Installing or reinstalling system software

iv

Contents

44

72

27

Appendix A Health, Safety, and Maintenance Tips

75

Health-related information about computer use
Safety instructions

80

Handling your computer equipment
Cleaning your equipment

Opening the computer
Closing the computer

87

88

91
93

Appendix C Special Keys on Your Keyboard
Index

81

85

Appendix B Installing an Expansion Card
Installing the card

75

95

97

Contents

v

Communications regulation information
FCC statement
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device
in accordance with the specifications in Part 15 of FCC rules. See instructions if interference to
radio or television reception is suspected.

Radio and television interference
The equipment described in this manual generates, uses, and can radiate radio-frequency
energy. If it is not installed and used properly—that is, in strict accordance with Apple’s
instructions—it may cause interference with radio and television reception.
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device
in accordance with the specifications in Part 15 of FCC rules. These specifications are designed
to provide reasonable protection against such interference in a residential installation. However,
there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation.
You can determine whether your computer system is causing interference by turning it off. If
the interference stops, it was probably caused by the computer or one of the peripheral devices.
If your computer system does cause interference to radio or television reception, try to correct
the interference by using one or more of the following measures:
m Turn the television or radio antenna until the interference stops.
m Move the computer to one side or the other of the television or radio.
m Move the computer farther away from the television or radio.
m Plug the computer into an outlet that is on a different circuit from the television or radio.
(That is, make certain the computer and the television or radio are on circuits controlled by
different circuit breakers or fuses.)
If necessary, consult an Apple-authorized service provider or Apple. See the service and support
information that came with your Apple product. Or, consult an experienced radio/television
technician for additional suggestions. You may find the following booklet helpful: Interference
Handbook (stock number 004-000-00493-1). This booklet, prepared by the Federal
Communications Commission, is available from the U.S. Government Printing Office,
Washington, DC 20402.
IMPORTANT Changes or modifications to this product not authorized by Apple Computer, Inc.,
could void the FCC Certification and negate your authority to operate the product.

This product was tested for FCC compliance under conditions that included the use of Apple
peripheral devices and Apple shielded cables and connectors between system components. It is
important that you use Apple peripheral devices and shielded cables and connectors between
system components to reduce the possibility of causing interference to radios, television sets,
and other electronic devices. You can obtain Apple peripheral devices and the proper shielded
cables and connectors through an Apple-authorized dealer. For non-Apple peripheral devices,
contact the manufacturer or dealer for assistance.

vi

Communications Regulation Information

DOC statement
DOC Class B Compliance This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class B limits for radio
noise emissions from digital apparatus as set out in the interference-causing equipment standard
entitled “Digital Apparatus,” ICES-003 of the Department of Communications.
Observation des normes—Classe B Cet appareil numérique respecte les limites de bruits
radioélectriques applicables aux appareils numériques de Classe B prescrites dans la norme
sur le matériel brouilleur : “Appareils Numériques”, NMB-003 édictée par le ministre des
Communications.

VCCI statement

CD-ROM drive
WARNING Making adjustments or performing procedures other than those specified in your

equipment’s manual may result in hazardous exposure.
WARNING Do not attempt to disassemble the cabinet containing the laser. The laser beam used in

this product is harmful to the eyes. The use of optical instruments, such as magnifying lenses,
with this product increases the potential hazard to your eyes. For your safety, have this
equipment serviced only by an Apple-authorized service provider.
If you have an internal Apple CD-ROM drive in your computer, your computer is a Class 1
laser product. The Class 1 label, located on the computer, indicates that the drive meets
minimum safety requirements. A service warning label is on the CD-ROM drive inside the
computer.

Communications Regulation Information

vii

Macintosh Performa computer

Keyboard cable
(built into the keyboard)

Keyboard

Your computer may
come with either of
these keyboards,
depending on which
Performa model
you have.

Keyboard and keyboard cable

Mouse

Optional security screws

Computer power cord

Follow the instructions in this
chapter to set up your computer
and learn the basics.

1

Getting Started

The illustration on the facing page shows all the equipment you will need to
set up your computer and begin using it. Place your equipment on a sturdy,
flat surface near a grounded wall outlet. Before following the setup
instructions in this chapter, you may want to read “Arranging Your Office”
in Appendix A (in the section on health-related information) for tips on
adjusting your work furniture so that you’re comfortable when using the
computer.

Plugging in the computer
Before you plug your Macintosh into a wall socket (and before you connect
anything else to your Macintosh), carefully read all the setup instructions in
this chapter. Then, begin by plugging in the computer according to the
instructions that follow. The plug grounds the computer and protects it from
electrical damage while you are setting up.

1

When you are ready to begin, follow these steps:
1

Plug the socket end of the power cord into the recessed power plug (marked with the
symbol ≤) on the back of the computer.

Make sure at least one end of the power cord is within easy reach so that you
can unplug the computer when you need to.
IMPORTANT To protect both yourself and the computer from electrical

hazards, the computer should remain turned off until you are finished
connecting its parts. Check the power switch at the back of the computer.
Make sure that the bottom of the switch (marked with the j symbol) is
pressed in.

“Off” position

Power switch

2

Chapter 1

2

Plug the other end of the power cord into a three-hole grounded outlet or power strip.

Socket end of the
power cord

Power
cord plug

WARNING This equipment is intended to be electrically grounded. Your

Macintosh is equipped with a three-wire grounding plug—a plug that
has a third (grounding) pin. This plug will fit only a grounded AC
outlet. This is a safety feature. If you are unable to insert the plug into
the outlet, contact a licensed electrician to replace the outlet with a
properly grounded outlet. Do not defeat the purpose of the grounding
plug!

Installing an expansion card
If you purchased an expansion card separately from your Macintosh, install it
now. (See Appendix B, “Installing an Expansion Card,” for instructions.) If
you don’t have an expansion card, continue with the next section, “Connecting
the Mouse and Keyboard.”

Getting Started

3

Connecting the mouse and keyboard
You have a choice of several keyboards for your Macintosh. The way you
connect the mouse and keyboard depends on whether the keyboard has a
separate cable or a built-in cable.

Connecting a keyboard with a built-in cable
1

Plug the mouse cable into the recessed port on the back of the keyboard.

The plug and the port are marked with the ◊ icon (symbol). The positions of
the port and icon on your keyboard may be different from those pictured.
By the way: A port marked with the ◊ icon is called an Apple Desktop Bus
(ADB) port.
Plug the mouse all the way into the recessed
port on the keyboard. The flat part of the plug
should be pointing down, as shown here.

This cable plugs into the Apple Desktop Bus (ADB) port
on the back of the computer. The ADB port on the
computer is marked with the ◊ icon.

2

Plug the keyboard cable into the port marked with the ◊ icon on the back of the
computer.

Some monitors have a port to which you can connect the keyboard or mouse.
See the information that came with your monitor.

4

Chapter 1

Connecting a keyboard with a separate cable
1

Plug the mouse cable into the port on either side of the keyboard.

Most right-handed people prefer to use the mouse with their right hand; most
left-handed people prefer to use their left hand. Plug the mouse into the port
on the side you prefer.
The plug and the port are marked with the ◊ icon (symbol). Align the
symbols before you insert the plug. (The positions of the port and icon on
your keyboard may be different from those pictured here.)
By the way: A port marked with the ◊ icon is called an Apple Desktop Bus
(ADB) port.
This icon is on both
the cable and the port.

ADB port

2

Plug the keyboard cable (both ends are the same) into the other port on the keyboard.

If you plugged the mouse cable in on the right, for example, plug the keyboard
cable in on the left.
3

Plug the keyboard cable into the port marked with the ◊ icon on the back of the
computer.

Some monitors have a port to which you can connect the keyboard or mouse.
See the information that came with your monitor.

Getting Started

5

Connecting other equipment
If you are new to the Macintosh, it’s a good idea to get some experience using
your computer before you connect other equipment, such as a printer or
scanner. To learn basic Macintosh skills, continue with the instructions in this
chapter.
When you’re ready to connect other equipment to your Macintosh, see the
instructions in Chapter 3.

6

Chapter 1

Turning the computer on for the first time
To turn the computer on for the first time, follow these steps:
1

Press the top of the power switch at the back of the computer. The top of the switch is
marked with the symbol i.

2

Press the Power key (marked with a triangle) on your keyboard.

Getting Started

7

3

Check to see what’s on your screen.

m If you see the Macintosh desktop, as in the illustration below, your system
software has already been installed, and your computer is ready to use.
Skip now to the section “What’s Next?” later in this chapter.
Hard disk icon

Macintosh desktop

m If you see a blinking question mark, you need to install system software on
your computer’s hard disk. (System software is the set of programs your
computer uses to start itself up.) See “Installing or Reinstalling System
Software” in Chapter 5 for information on how to install system software.
m If you see anything else on your screen, or nothing at all, see the next
section, “Problems Turning Your Computer On?”

8

Chapter 1

Problems turning your computer on?
If the screen is dark, check these items to see if you can identify the
problem:
m Is the computer turned on? The power-on light on the front of the
computer should be on. Make sure the top of the power switch on the
back of the computer is pressed in.
m Is the power cord connected to the computer, and is the cord plugged
into a power source?
m If the computer is plugged into a power strip, is the power strip
turned on?
m Are the keyboard and mouse cables connected correctly? (Don’t
disconnect the keyboard or mouse cable while the computer is on.
You could damage your equipment.)
m Is the brightness control on the monitor (marked with the ¤ icon)
turned down?
m If you have an external hard disk attached to your computer, is that
hard disk turned on? Was it turned on before you turned on the
computer? If you’re not sure, turn everything off. Then turn on the
external hard disk before you turn on your computer.
If you see a blinking question mark on the screen, you probably need to
install system software. See “Installing or Reinstalling System
Software” in Chapter 5.

Getting Started

9

What’s next?
Congratulations! You’ve finished setting up your computer. Now continue
with one of the following steps:
m If you are new to the Macintosh, turn to the next section, “Learning the
Basics.”
m If you are an experienced Macintosh user, turn to Chapter 2, “Getting
Help,” to learn about Macintosh Guide, your main source of information
when you’re working with the Macintosh.
m If you want to connect other equipment, such as a printer, to your
computer, see Chapter 3, “Expanding Your Computer and Using Special
Features.”
Before you begin working with your computer, be sure to read the important
health and safety information in Appendix A.
IMPORTANT If you need to turn off your computer at any point, please see

“Turning the Computer Off” later in this chapter. It is very important to use
the correct procedure for shutting down your Macintosh before turning it off.

10

Chapter 1

Learning the basics
If you are new to the Macintosh, you should begin by looking at the
easy-to-use program called the Performa Tutorial. The two-part tutorial
teaches you the basic skills you’ll need to use your computer. To start the
tutorial, follow these steps:
1

Slide your mouse along your mouse pad or desk.

Hold the mouse as shown, with the cable pointing away from you. Don’t press
the mouse button (under your index finger). Notice that the arrow (8) on the
screen moves in the same direction that you move the mouse.

If the arrow doesn’t move, make sure that the cables connecting the mouse
and keyboard are secure and that your mouse is positioned as shown in the
illustration.
2

Move the mouse so that the arrow is over the button labeled “Performa Tutorial.”

If you don’t see the picture for the Performa Tutorial on your screen, put the
arrow on the word “Learning” and click (press and release) the mouse button.

Getting Started

11

If you run out of room on your mouse pad or desk while moving the mouse,
pick up the mouse and place it where there’s more room. (The arrow on the
screen moves only when the mouse is in contact with the mouse pad or desk.)
3

Without moving the mouse, click the mouse button.

A window appears welcoming you to the tutorial. You can set this book aside
for now and follow the instructions on the screen. When you have completed
both parts of the tutorial, return to this book.

Reviewing the basics
The following illustration summarizes many of the basic skills and terms you
learned from the tutorial.
The strip across the
top of the screen is
called the menu bar.
The symbols and
words in it represent
menus of commands.

To move a window,
drag it by the title bar.

To find an answer to
a question, look in the
Guide (h) menu.

This icon represents your
computer’s internal hard disk.

Icons are small pictures
that represent disks,
folders, programs, and
documents. To open
an icon, click the
icon twice quickly.
Windows are boxes
that display text,
graphics, or icons. To
bring a partially
covered window to the
front, click anywhere
in the window.

To change the size or shape of
a window, drag the size box.

To close a window,
click the close box.

12

Chapter 1

You can have several application
programs open at once. To see which
program is active or to switch from
one program to another, use this
menu (called the Application menu).

To bring hidden portions of a
window’s contents into view,
click the scroll arrows.

To throw away an item you
no longer want, drag it to the
Trash and choose Empty
Trash from the Special menu.

Turning the computer off
To turn the computer off, you choose Shut Down from the Apple (K) menu.
Detailed instructions follow. (Note: The Shut Down command is also
available in the Special menu.)
1

Move the tip of the arrow to the Apple (K) menu at the top left of the screen.

2

With the tip of the arrow on the apple, press and hold down the mouse button.

3

While holding down the mouse button, move the arrow down the list of choices until the
words “Shut Down” are highlighted, then release the mouse button.

You can also shut down your computer from the keyboard.
1

Press the Power key (marked with a triangle) on the keyboard.

You will see a message asking whether you want to shut down or continue
working.
2

Click Shut Down.

To turn the computer on, simply press the Power key again.

Turning the computer on
To turn on the computer after you’ve shut it down with either the menu
command or the keyboard:
m Press the Power key (marked with a triangle) on the keyboard.
Leave the power switch on the back of your computer in the “on” position
(with the top part of the switch, marked with the symbol i, pressed in).

Getting Started

13

Where to find answers
When you have questions about using your Macintosh, there are several
places you can look for answers.
In this book
Macintosh
Performa

User’s Guid
e

Use this book to help you set up your computer and learn about it,
or to find solutions to problems.

In the Guide menu
The Guide menu (marked with the h icon) is your main source
of information about the Macintosh. To learn how to get different
kinds of help from the Guide menu, see Chapter 2 in this book.

In other manuals
For answers to questions about other equipment or about
application programs you have purchased, see the manuals
that came with the equipment or programs.

From Apple’s customer support hotline
If you can’t find an answer in any of the materials provided, call the
customer support hotline. (The phone number for the hotline is in
the service and support information that came with your computer.)

14

Chapter 1

Use the instructions in this
chapter to learn about the help
available to you in the Guide menu.

2

Getting Help

The Guide menu is your main source of information when you’re working
with your computer. The menu is identified by a question mark (h) in the
upper-right corner of the screen.

15

Getting answers to your questions
When you have a question while working with your computer, you can get the
answer by choosing Macintosh Guide from the Guide menu.
1

Pull down the Application menu (in the upper-right corner of the screen) and choose
Finder to make it the active application program.

A checkmark in the menu indicates that the Finder is the active program.
2

Pull down the Guide menu (marked with the h icon) and choose Macintosh Guide.

The Macintosh Guide window appears.

Whenever you use Macintosh Guide, its window remains in front of other
windows. If the window gets in your way, you can move it by dragging its
title bar (the gray bar across the top of the window).

16

Chapter 2

3

Notice the three buttons at the top of the window: Topics, Index, and Look For.

Macintosh Guide gives you three ways of finding information:
m Topics lets you choose from a list of general subjects; it is like the table of
contents in a book.
m Index lets you choose from an alphabetical list of more specific subjects; it
is like the index in a book.
m Look For lets you search for information related to a specific word or phrase
that you type.
In the following sections you will practice using each method.
If you have problems while using Macintosh Guide, see “Tips for Using
Macintosh Guide” later in this chapter.

Getting answers with the Topics button
1

In the Macintosh Guide window, click the Topics button.

A list of general topics appears on the left side of the Macintosh Guide
window. (Depending on the hardware and software you have, the list of topics
may look different.)

Getting Help

17

2

Click “Setting Options” in the list of topics.

When you click any topic area, a list of related questions appears on the right
side of the Macintosh Guide window.

To get instructions,
click a question…

…and then click OK.

3

Click the question “How do I set the time and date?” and then click OK. Or double-click
the question.

A small window appears with instructions for you to follow.

If you want to
return to the main
Macintosh Guide
window, click here.

4

Click here to see the next
step (if there is one).

Read and follow the instructions in this window.

Macintosh Guide provides step-by-step instructions to answer the question
you selected. When you have completed each step, click the right arrow in the
lower-right corner to see the next step.
5

When you have completed all the steps, click the Topics button in the lower-left corner to
return to the main Macintosh Guide window.

Now continue with the next section.

18

Chapter 2

Getting answers with the Index button
1

In the Macintosh Guide window, click the Index button.

An alphabetical list of subjects appears on the left side of the window.

Slider

Scroll bar

2

Scroll through the alphabetical list until the phrase “background pattern” is visible.

You can scroll through the list either by dragging the slider to the letter B or
by using the scroll bar at the right of the list.
3

Click the phrase “background pattern” in the alphabetical list.

When you click any index entry, a list of related questions appears on the
right side of the Macintosh Guide window.

To get instructions,
click a question…

…and then click OK.

Getting Help

19

4

Click the question “How do I change the background pattern?” and then click OK. Or
double-click the question.

A small window appears with instructions for you to follow.

If you want to
return to the main
Macintosh Guide
window, click here.

5

Click here to see the next
step (if there is one).

Read and follow the instructions in the window.

Macintosh Guide provides step-by-step instructions to answer the question
you selected. When you have completed each step, click the right arrow in the
lower-right corner to see the next step.
6

When you have completed all the steps, click the Topics button in the lower-left corner to
return to the main Macintosh Guide window.

Now continue with the next section.

20

Chapter 2

Getting answers with the Look For button
1

In the Macintosh Guide window, click the Look For button.

A small box appears on the left side of the window, where you can type text.

To activate the text
box, click here.
Type a word or phrase
in the text box…
…and then click here.

2

Click the arrow button to activate the text box.

3

Type “sound” in the text box and then click Search.

When you click Search, a list of questions related to the word or phrase you
typed appears on the right side of the Macintosh Guide window.

To get instructions,
click a question…

…and then click OK.

Getting Help

21

4

Click the question “How do I change the beep sound?” and then click OK. Or doubleclick the question.

A small window appears with instructions for you to follow.
If you want to close
Macintosh Guide,
click here.
Click here to see the next
step (if there is one).

5

Read and follow the instructions in the window.

Macintosh Guide provides step-by-step instructions to answer the question
you selected. When you have completed each step, click the right arrow in the
lower-right corner to display the next step.
6

22

Chapter 2

When you have completed all the steps, click the close box in the upper-left corner to
close Macintosh Guide.

Tips for using Macintosh Guide
Here are a few tips for using Macintosh Guide effectively:
m Macintosh Guide is available only when you are in the Finder—the
desktop area where you can see the icons of disks, folders, and files.
(Other programs may also have help available in the Guide menu,
however.) If you don’t see Macintosh Guide in the Guide menu, pull
down the Application menu (to the right of the Guide menu) and
choose Finder.
m Follow the steps when you’re instructed to; don’t skip ahead or read
ahead. That way the computer can check to make sure you’ve done a
step correctly.
m Unlike most windows, the Macintosh Guide window stays in front of
other windows on the screen so that your instructions are never
covered. If you need to move the Guide window out of the way, drag
it by the title bar at the top of the window.
You can also move the window out of the way by clicking the zoom
box. Click the box once to shrink the window; click it a second time
to expand the window to its original size.
m If you need more information about an instruction or a term, click the
button labeled “Huh?” to get further explanation. (The “Huh?” button
is dimmed when no additional information is available.)
m If you want to return to the main Macintosh Guide window, click the
Topics button in the lower-left corner of the Guide window.
m When you’re finished using Macintosh Guide, click the close box in
the upper-left corner of the window.
Close box

Title bar
Zoom box

Topics button

“Huh?” button

Right arrow

Getting Help

23

Identifying objects on the screen
Sometimes you’ll see an unfamiliar item on the screen and ask yourself,
“What’s that?” You can get an answer by using a Macintosh feature known as
Balloon Help.
Balloon Help explains the function of icons, menus, commands, and other
items on the Macintosh screen in balloons like those you see in comic strips.
Follow these steps to use Balloon Help:
1

Pull down the Guide menu (marked with the h icon) and choose Show Balloons.

2

Point to any object on the screen that you want to identify.

A balloon appears next to the object. In the following illustration, for
example, pointing to the Trash displays a balloon that explains how to use the
Trash to throw items away.

Although balloons appear next to items when you point to them, the way
you work does not change; you can still select icons, choose commands, and
so on.
3

24

Chapter 2

When you’re finished using Balloon Help, choose Hide Balloons from the Guide menu.

Learning useful shortcuts
You can perform many tasks in the Finder more quickly if you use keyboard
or mouse shortcuts. For example, instead of clicking an icon and choosing
Open from the File menu, you can simply double-click the icon to open it.
Follow these steps to learn keyboard and mouse shortcuts:
1

Pull down the Guide menu (marked with the h icon) and choose Shortcuts.

The main Macintosh Shortcuts window appears.

2

Click one of the category buttons.

Another window appears, describing shortcuts for that category.
If you want to
close the window,
click here.

Click here to return to
the main Macintosh
Shortcuts window for
more categories.

Click here to see the next
window (if there is one).

Getting Help

25

3

Read about the shortcuts available for the category you selected.

Click the right arrow in the lower-right corner of the window to display the
next window (if there is one).
4

26

Chapter 2

When you finish reading about the shortcuts for your category, click the Topics button in
the lower-left corner to return to the main Macintosh Shortcuts window. Or click the
close box in the upper-left corner to close the window.

Read this chapter for information on
expanding your computer system
with additional hardware and using
special features of your computer.

3

Expanding Your Computer
and Using Special Features

Read this chapter to learn how to connect additional equipment to your
Macintosh. Also read this chapter to learn about some of the special features
of your Macintosh:
m using the sound control buttons
m using the screen control buttons
m using the built-in microphone
m connecting to a network

27

Your computer at a glance
This illustration shows a basic Macintosh Performa 500 series system. You
can expand your computer system by connecting additional hardware (such as
a printer, modem, or scanner).
Built-in microphone

- Sound control buttons
Use these buttons to
change the volume of
the computer’s sound.

¸ Screen control

buttons
Use these buttons
to lighten or darken
your screen.

Color Trinitron display
Supports up to
thousands of colors.
CD-ROM drive
Floppy disk drive
CD-ROM drive
Open/Close button
Headphone jack

P Power key
Stereo speakers

Use this key to turn your
computer on and off.

Power-on light
A green light
indicates that the
computer is on.

Keyboard
(Your keyboard may look
different from the one pictured here.)

28

Chapter 3

Mouse

Where to connect additional equipment
The illustration on this page shows where equipment should be connected to
your computer.
For instructions on connecting equipment such as a printer or scanner, see
the manual that came with the equipment.

≤ Power plug

Hard disk drive (internal)
Hole for optional
security screw
You can use the screws
that came with your
computer to secure the
back panel (so that a
screwdriver is required to
open the computer).

I Power switch
V ADB port

Connects your Macintosh
to an input device, such as
a keyboard or a trackball.
(The 550 series has two
ADB ports.)

Additional
communications
port cover
Covers port for optional
high-speed networking or
communications card
(only on the 570 series).

[ Printer port
W Modem port
g SCSI port

Connects your Macintosh
to SCSI equipment, such as
hard disk drives, scanners,
and printers.

≈ Sound input port

Connects your Macintosh
to another audio source
such as a compact disc or
audio cassette player.

Expansion card access cover
Covers port for optional expansion card.
(The back of your computer may look
slightly different.)

-

Sound output port
Connects your Macintosh to sound
output equipment, such as headphones.

Expanding Your Computer and Using Special Features

29

Using the sound control buttons on your computer
There are two sets of buttons on the front of your Macintosh. The set on the
right (marked with the - icon) is for sound control. You can use these buttons
to increase or decrease the volume of the sound your Macintosh plays:
m Press the button at the top to make the sound louder.
m Press the button on the bottom to make the sound softer.

- Sound
control buttons

You can also adjust the sound by using the Sound control panel. For more
information about adjusting sound, see the “Sound” topic of Macintosh
Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.

30

Chapter 3

Using the screen control buttons on your computer
You can adjust the level of light and dark on the screen of your built-in
monitor by using the screen control buttons on your computer (marked with
the ¸ icon).
m Press the button at the top to lighten your screen.
m Press the button at the bottom to darken your screen.

¸ Screen
control buttons

Expanding Your Computer and Using Special Features

31

Using the built-in microphone
Your Macintosh comes with a built-in microphone for recording live sounds.
The microphone is highly sensitive. Once you’ve turned it on (which you do
with a sound-recording application program), it can pick up sounds within a
range of several feet. For information on recording sound, see the “Sound”
topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.
Built-in
microphone

WARNING Do not stick any small objects into the built-in microphone.

Doing so may damage your equipment.

32

Chapter 3

Connecting to a network
If your computer has an optional Ethernet card, you can connect your
Macintosh to any standard high-speed Ethernet network. You can connect
your Macintosh to an existing Ethernet network that uses thin coaxial cables,
10BASE-T twisted pair cables, thick coaxial cables, or other standard cables.
You may need to purchase an appropriate Apple Ethernet media adapter or
other compatible media adapter to connect your Macintosh to a network.
(Consult the service and support information that came with your computer
for instructions on how to contact an Apple-authorized service provider or
Apple for more information on Apple Ethernet media adapters.)
To use Ethernet, you need to change the network connection in the Network
control panel. (For instructions on how to select a network connection and
other information about using your Macintosh on a network, see the
“Networks & Telecommunications” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the
Guide [h] menu.)
IMPORTANT Your Macintosh supports EtherTalk Phase 2 (AppleTalk Phase 2
protocols for Ethernet networks) and TCP/IP (via MacTCP software).
Non-Apple products that you can use to communicate over Ethernet using
protocols are also available. Your Macintosh does not support EtherTalk
Phase 1 (AppleTalk Phase 1 protocols for Ethernet networks).
CAUTION The use of an Ethernet card will make your Macintosh a

Class A computing device, according to FCC regulations.

Expanding Your Computer and Using Special Features

33

Expanding memory
The random-access memory (RAM) in your computer can be expanded.
Installing additional RAM adds more memory chips to your computer and
expands its capabilities. The Technical Information booklet that came with
your computer describes how much additional memory can be installed in
your Macintosh.
Memory for your computer is provided in packages called Single Inline
Memory Modules (SIMMs). The SIMMs must be the correct type for your
computer and should be installed in pairs of the same size into paired slots.
It is very important that the SIMMs be correctly installed in your Macintosh.
Incorrect installation can result in errors, unpredictable results, and damage
to your equipment and data.
WARNING To avoid damage to your computer, Apple recommends that

only an Apple-certified technician install additional RAM. Consult the
service and support information that came with your computer for
instructions on how to contact an Apple-authorized service provider or
Apple for service. If you attempt to install additional RAM yourself, any
damage you may cause to your equipment will not be covered by the
limited warranty on your computer. See an Apple-authorized dealer or
service provider for information about this or any other warranty
question.

Installing internal drives
Your Macintosh can hold up to three internal storage devices, including a
floppy disk drive, a CD-ROM (compact disc read-only memory) drive, and
a hard disk drive (several capacities are available). These drives may already
be installed. If you want to add or replace an internal drive, see your Appleauthorized dealer.

34

Chapter 3

Read this chapter to learn how to work
with application programs and protect
the information on your disks.

4

Using Programs and Backing Up Disks

Your computer came installed with several ready-to-use application programs.
You can open these programs by clicking their buttons in the Launcher.
The Apple Extras folder on your hard disk (or the Macintosh Performa CD)
contains other programs (some of which must be installed before they will
work), including the following:
m AppleScript. Macintosh Guide requires that AppleScript be on your hard
disk. With AppleScript you can automate tasks in the Finder and other
scriptable programs (programs that support AppleScript). Instructions for
using AppleScript are included in the AppleScript folder.
m QuickDraw GX gives your computer more powerful printing and font
capabilities. You’ll want to install QuickDraw GX if you purchased another
program that requires it. If your computer has at least 8 megabytes of
random-access memory (RAM), you can install QuickDraw GX by
opening the QuickDraw GX folder and double-clicking the Installer icon.
m PowerTalk provides an open collaboration environment with a universal
mailbox and other electronic mail services. You’ll want to install PowerTalk
if you purchased another program that requires it. If your computer has at
least 8 megabytes of RAM, you can install PowerTalk by opening the
PowerTalk folder and double-clicking the Installer icon.

35

Installing application programs
You’ll probably want to buy and install additional application programs. See
the manuals you receive with your programs for instructions on installing and
using them.
In most cases, you’ll install an application program on your internal hard disk
from floppy disks that contain the program. The following illustration shows
how to insert a floppy disk in your computer’s floppy disk drive.
Insert the floppy disk, metal
end first, into the floppy disk
drive of your computer.

For instructions on how to eject floppy disks, see the “Disks” topic of
Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.
To use your programs most effectively, follow these guidelines:
m Put only one copy of each program on your hard disk. Having more than
one copy can cause errors.
m Whenever you copy a program disk to your hard disk, be careful not to
copy a System Folder. Always check to see what you’ve copied, and drag
any extra System Folders to the Trash.
m If you have problems using a program, read the manuals you received with
the program.
m If a program malfunctions consistently, try installing a fresh copy. If that
doesn’t help, find out from the software manufacturer whether your version
of the program is compatible with the system software you’re using.
For instructions on how to put a program into the Launcher, see the
“Launcher” index topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.

36

Chapter 4

Working with several programs at a time
You can open as many application programs and desk accessories as your
computer’s memory allows.
All open programs are listed in the Application menu at the right end of the
menu bar. The name of the active program (the one you’re using right now)
has a checkmark next to it, and its icon appears in the menu bar.
The Finder icon
Commands to hide or
display open windows
A checkmark
indicates the active
program.

Open programs

Finding out which programs are open
If you have several programs and windows open, you can find out which
program is active and which other programs are open by pulling down the
Application menu.

Switching programs
You can switch to another open program or desk accessory by choosing its
name from the Application menu.
If a program’s icon is dimmed in the menu, that means its windows are
hidden. Choosing the program from the Application menu displays its
windows.
You can also switch to another program by clicking in a window that belongs
to an open program, or by double-clicking a program icon (or the icon of a
document that was created with the program).

Using Programs and Backing Up Disks

37

Hiding and showing windows on the desktop
You can hide all windows except those of the active program by choosing
Hide Others from the Application menu.
The other programs remain open even though their windows are hidden.
When you switch to another program, its windows become visible again.
If you want to see all the open windows, choose Show All from the
Application menu.

Protecting the information on a disk
Your computer’s hard disk comes with a lot of valuable information already
stored on it, including system software and some application programs. If
you had a valuable document like a birth certificate, you’d probably make
an extra copy of it for safekeeping. Similarly, you should make a copy of the
information on your hard disk for safekeeping. (The extra copy is called a
backup, and the process of making the copy is called backing up.)
Once you have a backup, you’re protected from accidentally losing the
information on your hard disk. In the unlikely event that something happens
to your hard disk, you can easily get the information back.

Backing up your files
You can back up the work you store on a hard disk by copying individual files
to another disk in the usual way (dragging the files’ icons to the icon of the
other disk). You can back up the contents of an entire floppy disk by dragging
its icon to another floppy disk or hard disk icon.
If your computer has a CD-ROM drive, you also received the Macintosh
Performa CD, which contains a backup copy of all the software that came
with your computer. You should make backup copies of the documents you
create. If you alter the contents of your System Folder, you may also want to
use Apple Backup and Apple Restore to preserve the contents of your hard
disk. (See the following sections for instructions on using Apple Backup and
Apple Restore.)

38

Chapter 4

If your computer does not have a CD-ROM drive, use the application program
Apple Backup to copy the entire contents of your Macintosh hard disk to
floppy disks. Keeping this backup copy up-to-date will protect you in case
information on your hard disk is accidentally lost or damaged. You should
update your backup copy at least once a month, and in between full backups
you should store copies of important documents on floppy disks.
If something happens to the information on your hard disk, you can use the
backup copy you made to put the information back to your hard disk. To do
this, you use the Apple Restore program that came with your Macintosh.
(See the following sections for instructions on using Apple Backup and Apple
Restore.)
It’s a good idea to keep two sets of backup copies, and to alternate between
them (using one set one month, and the other the next) when updating your
backup copy. This protects you from losing files in the unlikely event that a
problem damages the files on both your internal hard disk and your backup
set of floppy disks.
You can also purchase a backup program with additional features that make
copying faster. (For example, some programs have a feature that lets you copy
only the new and changed information on your hard disk.)

Using Programs and Backing Up Disks

39

Using Apple Backup for the first time
WARNING Do not attempt to back up your Macintosh with disks that

have been preformatted for an IBM-compatible personal computer.
To use Apple Backup for the first time, follow these steps:
1

Click the Applications grouping button in the Launcher.

The buttons for applications available in the Launcher are grouped under the
Applications button.
2

Click the Apple Backup button in the Launcher window.

The Apple Backup program opens.

3

Click the Continue button.

A message appears, showing you how to identify the high-density floppy
disks you need.

40

Chapter 4

4

Make sure your floppy disks are high-density. Then click the Continue button.

A message appears, telling you how many disks you need to make the copy
and approximately how long it will take. Make sure you have enough time
and disks to complete the copying. If you stop the copying before it’s finished,
you’ll have to start over again from the beginning.
5

Click the appropriate button, as follows:

m If you have enough disks to copy everything, then click the Copy All
Files button.
m If you have only enough disks to copy the System information, then click
the Copy System Folder button. As soon as you buy more disks, follow the
instructions in this chapter to back up everything.
m If you don’t have enough disks for either choice, click the Quit button.
6

Insert a high-density floppy disk into the disk drive.

A message tells you when it’s time to insert another floppy disk.
7

Lock each disk as you remove it from the computer, and label it so that you can find it
again later.

To lock a disk, turn it label-side down and use a pen or your fingernail to slide
the tab in the lower-right corner of the disk so that the square hole is open.
(The disk has two square holes, but only one of them has a moveable tab.)
8

When a message appears telling you that you’ve finished, store the labeled and locked
floppy disks in a safe, cool place.

Using Programs and Backing Up Disks

41

Using Apple Backup to update your backup copy
Keeping your backup copy up-to-date will protect you in case information on
your hard disk is accidentally lost or damaged. To make an updated backup
copy, you can use the floppy disks that contain your original backup copy, or
you can preserve your original backup copy and use another set of floppy
disks. If you are using a fresh set of floppy disks, follow the instructions in
the previous section, “Using Apple Backup for the First Time.”
To use Apple Backup to update your backup copy, follow these steps:
1

Get the floppy disks that you used to make a previous backup copy.

Have some extra high-density disks on hand in case there is more information
on your hard disk than there was the last time you made a copy.
2

Turn on your Macintosh, if it’s not already on.

3

Click the Applications grouping button in the Launcher.

The buttons for applications available in the Launcher are grouped under the
Applications button.
4

Click the Apple Backup button in the Launcher window.

The Apple Backup program opens.

42

Chapter 4

5

Click the Continue button.

A message appears, showing you how to identify the high-density floppy
disks you need.
6

Make sure your floppy disks are high-density. Then click the Continue button.

A message appears, telling you how many disks you will need to copy all files
on your hard disk, or to copy just the System Folder. It also tells you
approximately how long it will take to make the copy.
Copy all files or just the System Folder? Because all the information on your
hard disk is important, it’s recommended that you make a copy of all the
files on the hard disk. But if you don’t have enough disks or time right now
to make a copy of everything, you can choose to make a copy of just the
System Folder.
If you want to be doubly protected, you can make a copy of all files and then
start Apple Backup again and make an extra copy of the System Folder. That
way, if something goes wrong with your System Folder, you can replace it
quickly without having to copy everything back onto your hard disk.
7

Click the button that corresponds to your choice.

Make sure you have enough time and disks to complete the copying. If you
stop the copying before it’s done, you’ll have to start over from the beginning.
8

Unlock your first backup floppy disk.

To unlock the disk, turn the disk label-side down and use a pen or your
fingernail to slide the tab in the lower-right corner of the disk so that it covers
the square hole. (The disk has two square holes, but only one of them has a
moveable tab.)
9

Insert the disk into the floppy disk drive.

If you did not unlock the disk correctly, it is ejected and a message appears.
Unlock the disk, making sure that the tab snaps into place, and try again.
A message appears, telling you that the disk contains information.

Using Programs and Backing Up Disks

43

10

Click the Continue button.

If there is a problem with the disk, a message appears. Otherwise, copying
takes place automatically. A sound alerts you when it’s time to insert another
disk.
11

When the disk is ejected, lock and label it.

To lock a disk, turn it label-side down and use a pen or your fingernail to
slide the tab in the lower-right corner of the disk so that the square hole
is open.
12

Repeat steps 7 through 11 for each disk in your stack of backup disks.

Apple Backup lets you know when you’ve finished.
13

Store the disks in a safe, cool place.

Restoring the information on your hard disk
If information on your hard disk becomes damaged or lost, you can restore
it if you have a backup copy of the information. If your computer has a
CD-ROM drive, the Macintosh Performa CD contains copies of all the system
software and application programs that came with your computer. See the
Macintosh Performa CD booklet for instructions on using the Macintosh
Performa CD.
If your computer doesn’t have a CD-ROM drive and you have used Apple
Backup to copy the information on your hard disk to floppy disks, you can use
the Apple Restore program to put that information back on your hard disk.
You can also use Apple Backup and Apple Restore to replace only the System
Folder (the folder that contains the software the Macintosh uses to operate).
See the following section, “Using Apple Restore,” for instructions.
If your computer doesn’t have a CD-ROM drive and you have not used Apple
Backup to back up the contents of your hard disk, call the customer support
hotline. (The phone number for the hotline is in the service and support
information that came with your computer.)

44

Chapter 4

Using Apple Restore
To restore information from the backup floppy disks you made with Apple
Backup, follow these steps:
1

Get the Utilities floppy disk that came with your computer and the floppy disks that you
made when you used Apple Backup.

2

Make sure your Macintosh is turned off.

3

Insert the Utilities floppy disk into the floppy disk drive, then turn on your Macintosh.

It takes several moments for your computer to start up from the Utilities disk.
4

Locate the Apple Restore icon.

5

Open the Apple Restore icon by double-clicking it.

In a moment you’ll see this screen:

6

Read the information on the screen and click the Continue button.

Using Programs and Backing Up Disks

45

7

Insert your first backup floppy disk.

Restoring proceeds automatically. If there is a problem with the disk, you see
a message describing the problem.
IMPORTANT If at any time during the restore process you see a message

reporting that the hard disk is damaged or unreadable, see “Repairing a
Damaged Disk” in Chapter 5, “Troubleshooting.”
8

Respond to any messages you see on the screen.

If Apple Restore finds an item on your hard disk that is newer than an item
with the same name on the floppy disk, it asks whether you want the older
version of the item to replace the newer version. Use the following guidelines
to decide whether or not to replace the item:
m If the item is system software, click Replace Newer Version.
m If the item is one of your own files, click Keep Newer Version.
m If, after the restore procedure, you still have problems with the disk, repeat
the restore procedure and, this time, replace all newer items with the older
items.
A sound alerts you when it’s time to insert another disk.
9

When the disk is ejected, lock and label it.

10

Repeat steps 7 through 9 for each disk in your stack of backup disks.

Apple Restore lets you know when you have finished.
11

Store your backup disks in a safe, cool place.

12

Restart your Macintosh and make sure that everything is back on your hard disk.

If the Macintosh does not start up or is not working properly, see “Repairing
a Damaged Disk” in Chapter 5, “Troubleshooting.” If you are able to repair
the disk, then try again to restore the information on your hard disk.
If repairing the disk doesn’t help, you may need to reinstall system software.
See “Installing or Reinstalling System Software” in Chapter 5,
“Troubleshooting.”

46

Chapter 4

Consult this chapter if you experience
problems using your computer.

5

Troubleshooting

When you have questions
If you want to know how to do a particular task with your computer, refer to
Macintosh Guide in the Guide (h) menu. For instructions on using
Macintosh Guide, see Chapter 2 of this manual.

When you run into trouble
While you’re using your computer, you may occasionally see a bomb icon
or an error message, or you may have a problem such as the pointer (8)
“freezing” on the screen. If you have trouble with your computer, take a few
minutes to read the information in this chapter. If your problem is related to a
particular procedure, you should also look for information on that procedure
in Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu. For additional
troubleshooting information and a list of common questions relating to your
system software, see the “Troubleshooting” topic of Macintosh Guide.
If you are unable to access Macintosh Guide (for example, if your screen
is “frozen”), refer to this chapter to see if you can resolve the problem.

47

Take your time
When you see an error message, you don’t have to take action immediately.
The message stays on the screen until you click the OK button or turn off the
Macintosh.
To help diagnose and correct the problem, gather as much information on the
situation as you can before starting over.
m Make a note of exactly what you were doing when the problem occurred.
Write down the message on the screen and its ID number (if any). Also list
the programs you were using and the names of any items you know have
been added to the System Folder since the system software was installed.
This information will help a service person diagnose the problem. (It is
helpful to keep a printed copy of the items in your System Folder. For
instructions on printing the contents of a folder, see the “Printing & Fonts”
topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide [h] menu.)
m Check the screen for any clues. Is a menu selected? What programs and
document icons are open? Note anything else that seems relevant.
m If you were typing text and were not able to save it before the problem
occurred, you can write down the parts of the text still visible on the
screen so that some of your work will be easy to replace.
m Ask other Macintosh users about the problem you’re having; they may have
a solution for it.
If you need repair service, consult the service and support information that
came with your computer for instructions on how to contact an Appleauthorized service provider or Apple for assistance.

48

Chapter 5

Start over
Often you can eliminate a problem simply by clearing the computer’s memory
and starting over.
If you can, save any open documents before restarting the Macintosh. If your
system is frozen and does not respond to anything you do, or if you have a
“bomb” message on the screen, saving may not be possible. You can try
pressing x-Option-Esc to quit the program in use when the problem
occurred; if this works, you can then save the documents open in other
programs before restarting.
To restart your Macintosh, try the following steps:
1

If you can, choose Restart from the Special menu or from the dialog box that’s on
screen.

Dialog boxes contain messages from the computer. If something goes wrong,
a message may appear on the screen, asking you to restart the computer.
2

If you can’t choose Restart, hold down the x and Control keys while you press the
Power key (marked with a triangle).

This key combination restarts the computer. (Use this key combination only
when you can’t choose Restart from the Special menu.)
3

If nothing happens, turn off your computer with the power switch, wait at least 10
seconds, and then turn it on again.

4

If the power switch doesn’t turn off the computer, unplug your Macintosh.

If you suspect that the problem is with other equipment, such as a printer or
an external hard disk that’s attached to your computer, turn that equipment off
for 10 seconds or longer, then turn it on again and restart the Macintosh.

Troubleshooting

49

Rebuild your desktop regularly
A process known as “rebuilding the desktop” helps your Macintosh keep
track of data on your startup disks. Although you usually use the hard disk in
your computer as a startup disk, you can also start up from any other disk that
has system software installed. It’s a good idea to rebuild the desktop of your
startup disks once a month or so.
To rebuild the desktop of a startup disk, follow these steps:
1

Hold down the Option and x keys while you start up your computer.

Do not release the keys until you see a message asking whether you want to
rebuild the desktop.
2

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Chapter 5

Click OK.

Solutions to common problems
The computer is turned on but the screen is dark.

One of the following is probably the cause:
m You have a screen saver program that darkens the screen when the
computer has not been used for a certain period.
Press a key or move the mouse to turn off the screen saver.
m The monitor’s brightness control (¤) is not adjusted properly.
Check the monitor’s brightness control and turn it up if necessary.
m The Macintosh or the monitor is not getting power.
If you have a separate monitor, check that the monitor is plugged in and
turned on, and that the monitor cable is firmly connected to both the
computer and the monitor.
Check that the computer’s power cord is firmly connected to the computer
and plugged into a grounded electrical outlet, and that the outlet has power.
If you have more than one monitor and only one is dark, check that it is set
up correctly in the Monitors control panel. For information on using more
than one monitor, see the “Monitors” topic of Macintosh Guide, available
in the Guide (h) menu.
If you are displaying video from your computer on a television screen, it is
normal for your computer monitor to be dark.
The computer’s clock keeps time inaccurately.

Your computer has a clock that runs continuously. When the computer is
turned off, a battery keeps the clock running. If your clock begins to keep
time inaccurately, have your Apple-authorized service provider replace the
battery.

Troubleshooting

51

When you start up, a disk icon with a blinking question mark appears in the middle
of the screen.

This icon indicates that your Macintosh cannot find the system software it
needs to start up. One of the following is probably the cause:
m Your computer may be having a problem recognizing external equipment
that uses the Small Computer System Interface (SCSI).
Turn off all external SCSI equipment and disconnect the first SCSI device
in the chain from your computer’s SCSI port. Then restart the computer.
If the computer starts up after you disconnect your SCSI equipment, refer
to the manuals that came with the equipment for information on the proper
way to connect SCSI equipment and assign SCSI ID numbers.
If you have a printer connected to your computer’s SCSI port, make sure
your printer is not supposed to be connected to the printer port instead.
Check the manuals that came with your printer for information on how to
connect it properly.
m System software is not installed on the startup hard disk, the system
software is damaged, or the hard disk is not working properly.
Start up your computer using the Utilities floppy disk or, if you have a
built-in CD-ROM drive, with the Macintosh Performa CD. (For instructions
on how to start up your computer from the CD-ROM disc, see “Starting
Up From a CD-ROM Disc” in the section “Repairing a Damaged Disk”
later in this chapter.) Then follow the rest of the instructions on repairing
a disk to test your startup hard disk and repair any damage.
If repairing the disk doesn’t help, follow the instructions in “Installing or
Reinstalling System Software” later in this chapter to reinstall system
software on your startup hard disk.

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When you try to start up from a floppy disk, a disk icon with an X appears in the middle
of the screen and the floppy disk is ejected.

This icon indicates that the floppy disk you tried to start up from is not a
startup disk.
Wait a few seconds. The computer should start up from its internal hard
disk. Make sure you insert floppy disks only after the computer has begun
starting up.
A “sad Macintosh” icon appears and the computer won’t start up.

This icon indicates that your Macintosh cannot start up because of a problem
with the system software or the computer hardware.
Eject any floppy disks by turning off the computer and then holding down
the mouse button while you turn the computer on again. Try starting up
with the Utilities floppy disk or, if you have a built-in CD-ROM drive, with
the Macintosh Performa CD. (For instructions on how to start up your
computer from the CD-ROM disc, see “Starting Up From a CD-ROM Disc”
in the section “Repairing a Damaged Disk” later in this chapter.) If the “sad
Macintosh” icon appears again, consult the service and support information
that came with your computer for information on contacting an Appleauthorized service provider or Apple for assistance.

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53

The hard disk icon does not appear on the desktop.

If you don’t see a hard disk icon on the desktop, try the following:
m If the hard disk is internal, shut down your computer, wait at least 10
seconds, and then turn it on again.
m If the hard disk is external, make sure that it is turned on and that its cable
is connected firmly; then restart the Macintosh.
m Check the ID numbers of all SCSI equipment connected to your computer.
See the manuals that came with your SCSI equipment for information on
setting SCSI ID numbers.
m If the hard disk is your startup disk, start your computer using the Utilities
floppy disk or, if you have a built-in CD-ROM drive, with the Macintosh
Peforma CD. (For instructions on how to start up your computer from the
CD-ROM disc, see “Starting Up From a CD-ROM Disc” in the section
“Repairing a Damaged Disk” later in this chapter.) Then follow the rest of
the instructions on repairing a disk to test your startup hard disk and repair
any damage.
If repairing the disk doesn’t help, follow the instructions in “Installing or
Reinstalling System Software” later in this chapter to reinstall system
software on your startup hard disk.
Icons do not appear correctly on your screen.

You need to rebuild the desktop—a process that helps your Macintosh keep
track of files and folders on your hard disks. For instructions, see “Rebuild
Your Desktop Regularly” in the section “When You Run Into Trouble” earlier
in this chapter.
If icons do not appear correctly after you rebuild the desktop, restart your
computer while pressing the Shift key to temporarily turn off system
extensions. When you see the “Welcome to Macintosh—extensions off”
message, release the Shift key and press the Option and x keys until you
see a message asking if you want to rebuild the desktop.

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Your Macintosh can’t read a floppy disk.

If you see a message that a floppy disk is unreadable, try one of the following:
m If the disk has never been used, you may simply need to initialize it. For
instructions, see the “Disks” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the
Guide (h) menu.
m The disk may be damaged. See “Repairing a Damaged Disk” later in this
chapter for information on testing and repairing disks.
If you are trying to use a DOS disk, consider the following:
m The disk may have been formatted incorrectly on a DOS computer. On
DOS computers it’s possible to format a standard double-sided disk in a
high-density (1440K) format, and vice versa. Disks formatted in this way
cannot be read by a Macintosh computer.
When formatting disks on a DOS computer, always format standard
double-sided disks in the 720K format. Always format high-density disks
in the 1440K format.
If a disk has been formatted incorrectly, use a DOS computer to copy its
contents onto another disk that has been properly formatted.

Troubleshooting

55

A dialog box with a bomb appears.

Your system has a software problem.
m Write down what you were doing when the message appeared, the text of
the message, and the message number, if there is one.
m Restart your Macintosh. (See “Start Over” in the section “When You Run
Into Trouble” earlier in this chapter for instructions.) Most software
problems are temporary, and restarting usually corrects the problem.
m Check the startup disk and application program you were using when the
dialog box appeared. Make sure that all programs, desk accessories, and
system extensions you’re using are compatible with the system software.
Reinstalling the system software may correct the problem.
m Sometimes incompatible system extensions or control panels can cause
system software problems. Restart while holding down the Shift key; this
temporarily turns off all system extensions. If your computer works
normally after you do this, remove all extensions from the Extensions
folder (inside the System Folder) and put them back into the Extensions
folder one at a time. Restart after you add each extension. This procedure
should identify any incompatible extensions.
You can also use the Extensions Manager control panel to turn off
individual extensions. For information on using this control panel to
manage system extensions, see the “Setting Options” topic of Macintosh
Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.
m If the problem recurs, you may need to reinstall system software. See
“Installing or Reinstalling System Software” later in this chapter for
instructions.
The pointer (8) doesn’t move when you move the mouse.

One of the following situations is probably the cause.
m Your system has a software problem. Try one or more of the following:
Press x-Option-Esc to quit the application program in use when the
problem occurred. If this works, you can save the documents open in other
programs before restarting.
Restart your Macintosh. See “Start Over” in the section “When You Run
Into Trouble” earlier in this chapter for instructions.

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Check the startup disk and program you were using when the problem
occurred. Make sure that all programs, desk accessories, and system
extensions you’re using are compatible with the system software. Try starting
up the computer with the Utilities floppy disk or, if you have a built-in
CD-ROM drive, with the Macintosh Performa CD. (For instructions on how
to start up your computer from the CD-ROM disc, see “Starting Up From
a CD-ROM Disc” in the section “Repairing a Damaged Disk” later in this
chapter.) If your computer starts up normally, there may be an extension
conflict.
Sometimes incompatible system extensions or control panels can cause
system software problems. Restart while holding down the Shift key; this
temporarily turns off all system extensions. If your computer works
normally after you do this, remove all extensions from the Extensions
folder (inside the System Folder) and put them back into the Extensions
folder one at a time. Restart after you add each extension. This procedure
should identify any incompatible extensions.
You can also use the Extensions Manager control panel to turn off
individual extensions. For information on using this control panel to
manage system extensions, see the “Setting Options” topic of Macintosh
Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.
If the problem recurs, you may need to reinstall system software. See
“Installing or Reinstalling System Software” later in this chapter for
instructions.
m The mouse is not connected properly.
Turn the computer off using the power switch, check that the mouse and
keyboard cables are connected properly, and then restart the computer.
m Signals from the mouse are not reaching the computer, either because the
mouse needs cleaning or because there is something wrong with the
mouse.
Clean the mouse according to the instructions in Appendix A of this book.
If you have another mouse or pointing device, try connecting and using it.
(Turn off the computer before connecting it.) If the new device works, there
is probably something wrong with the mouse you replaced.
If none of these procedures solves the problem, consult the service and
support information that came with your computer for instructions on how to
contact an Apple-authorized service provider or Apple for assistance.

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57

Typing on the keyboard produces nothing on the screen.

One of the following is probably the cause:
m Your system has a software problem.
Restart your Macintosh. For instructions, see “Start Over” in the section
“When You Run Into Trouble” earlier in this chapter.
Check the startup disk and application program you were using when the
problem occurred. Make sure that all programs, desk accessories, and
system extensions you’re using are compatible with the system software.
If the problem recurs, you may need to reinstall system software. See
“Installing or Reinstalling System Software” later in this chapter for
instructions.
m You haven’t selected any text or set the insertion point (9).
Make sure the program you want to type in is the active program. Then
place the pointer (8) in the active window and click to set an insertion
point (9) or drag to select text (if you want to replace the text with your
typing).
m The keyboard is not connected properly.
Turn off the computer using the power switch, then check that the keyboard
cable is connected properly at both ends.
If you have a keyboard with an ADB port (marked with the ◊ icon) on
each end, turn off the Macintosh using the power switch and plug the
keyboard cable into the other ADB port on the keyboard. (You may have to
unplug the mouse to do this.) Then restart the computer.
Many Macintosh computers have two ADB ports on the back panel. Also,
some monitors have one or two ADB ports. Turn off the Macintosh using
the power switch and connect your keyboard cable to a different ADB port
on the computer or monitor. Then restart the computer.
m The keyboard is damaged.
If you have access to another keyboard, try using it instead. (Turn the
computer off before connecting it.) If the new keyboard works, there is
probably something wrong with the one you replaced.
If none of these procedures solves the problem, consult the service and
support information that came with your computer for instructions on how to
contact an Apple-authorized service provider or Apple for assistance.

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You can’t start an application program or it quits unexpectedly. Or, when you try to open
a program, you see a message that not enough memory is available.

One of the following is probably the cause:
m The Macintosh ran out of memory.
Quit the programs that you have open and then open the program you want
to use, or restart your Macintosh.
Use the Memory control panel to turn on virtual memory. For more
information on virtual memory, see the “Memory” topic of Macintosh
Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.
m The program needs more memory.
Use the program’s Info window to give it more memory. For more
information on increasing a program’s memory, see the “Memory” topic of
Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.
m The program requires special hardware, such as a floating-point unit
(FPU), and your computer doesn’t have the hardware installed.
Check the documentation that came with the program to find out if the
program requires a Macintosh with special hardware, such as an FPU. Then
check the Technical Information booklet that came with your Macintosh to
find out if your computer is equipped with such special hardware, or if the
hardware can be installed. Consult your Apple-authorized service provider
for information on installing special hardware in your computer.

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59

You see a message that an application program can’t be found.

The following dialog box appears if you try to open a document that was
created with software that is not on your hard disk.

Normally, you see this message if you try to open a document that came from
another Macintosh with software that is different from yours.
m Some documents can be opened by more than one application program.
Try starting a program that you think might be able to open the document,
then choose Open from the program’s File menu to try to open the
document.
m Purchase and install the correct software to use the document, or find out
if the creator of the document can convert it to a form that one of your
programs can use.
m Don’t try to open the files in your System Folder. Most of the files in your
System Folder are used by your computer for internal purposes and are not
intended to be opened.
m Rebuild your desktop by holding down the Option and x keys while
starting up your computer. Keep holding down the keys until you see a
message asking whether you want to rebuild the desktop. Click OK.
m If the document is from a DOS computer, use the PC Exchange control
panel to specify which Macintosh program will open the document. For
information about working with DOS documents on your Macintosh, see
the “Using DOS Files & Disks” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the
Guide (h) menu.

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You experience problems using a document from a DOS computer.

If you can’t open a DOS document using a Macintosh program, try the
following:
m Open the document from within the program by choosing Open in the
program’s File menu.
m Use the PC Exchange control panel to change the document’s type to one
that can be opened by the program.
If a DOS document is displayed incorrectly, or you see strange codes or
characters in the document, try one of the following:
m Your application program may have special procedures for opening and
saving documents with different file formats. See the information that
came with your program.
m Try opening the document in another program.
Note: Some characters that can be displayed on the Macintosh are not
accurately displayed on DOS computers.
For more information about working with DOS documents on your
Macintosh, see the “Using DOS Files & Disks” topic of Macintosh Guide,
available in the Guide (h) menu.

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61

Repairing a damaged disk
If you see a message reporting that a disk is damaged or unreadable, you may
need to repair the disk.

Try these suggestions first
If you can’t start up from a hard disk or you don’t see the hard disk icon on the
desktop, try the following:
m If the hard disk is internal, shut down your Macintosh, wait at least 10
seconds, and then turn it on again.
m If the hard disk is external, make sure that it is turned on and that its cable
is connected firmly; then restart the Macintosh.
m If the hard disk is your startup disk, start up with a different startup disk.
(See the following sections, “Starting Up From a CD-ROM Disc” and
“Starting Up From a Floppy Disk.”)
If, after you start up from a different disk, your hard disk’s icon appears on
your desktop, reinstall system software on the hard disk (see “Installing or
Reinstalling System Software” later in this chapter).
If your hard disk’s icon does not appear on your desktop, you may need to
initialize the disk (see “Initializing a Hard Disk” later in this chapter).
m Check the ID numbers of all SCSI equipment connected to your computer.
Each device must have a unique ID number. The computer itself has the
ID number 7, the internal hard disk has the ID number 0, and the internal
CD-ROM drive has the ID number 3. The ID numbers 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6 are
available for additional SCSI devices.
Also check that the chain of devices is terminated properly. For
information on setting SCSI ID numbers and terminating a SCSI chain,
see the manuals that came with your SCSI equipment.
m If none of these suggestions solves the problem, test the disk by following
the instructions given later in this section.

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Starting up from a CD-ROM disc
To test, repair, or initialize a hard disk, or to install system software on a hard
disk, you need to start up your computer from another disk. If your computer
has a CD-ROM drive, you can start up your computer using the Macintosh
Performa CD that came with your computer.
The procedure for starting up from the CD varies depending on the condition
of the system software on your hard disk. To find out which procedure to use,
you must turn on your Macintosh.
The steps that follow tell how to start up from a CD-ROM disc, depending on
what you see on your screen.
If you see a blinking question mark on your screen
The blinking question mark means that your Macintosh is unable to find
usable system software on your hard disk.

1

Press the Open/Close button of your CD-ROM drive to open the CD-ROM tray.

2

Place the Macintosh Performa CD disc in the tray with the disc label facing up.

Make sure the disc is lying flat in the tray.
3

Push the tray in, or press the Open/Close button, to close the tray.

Your Macintosh recognizes the CD as a startup disk, and in a few seconds the
Macintosh desktop with a Launcher appears.

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63

If you see the Macintosh desktop
1

Press the Open/Close button of your CD-ROM drive to open the CD-ROM tray.

2

Place the Macintosh Performa CD disc in the tray with the disc label facing up.

Make sure the disc is lying flat in the tray.
3

Push the tray in, or press the Open/Close button, to close the tray.

If the Macintosh Performa CD icon does not appear on your screen, follow
the steps in the next section, “Problems Starting Up From the CD?”
If the Macintosh Performa CD icon appears on the right side of your screen,
continue with these steps.
4

Choose Control Panels from the Apple (K) menu.

5

Double-click the Startup Disk icon.

The Startup Disk control panel window appears.
6

Click the CD icon to select it as your startup disk.

7

Choose Restart from the Special menu.

Your computer recognizes the CD as its startup disk, and in a few seconds the
Macintosh desktop with a Launcher appears.

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Problems starting up from the CD?
If you’ve followed the steps in the previous sections and the Macintosh
Performa CD icon does not appear on your screen, follow these steps:
1

Insert the CD into the tray.

2

Choose Restart from the Special menu.

3

Immediately press and hold down the Command (x), Shift, Option, and Delete keys.

The Macintosh Performa CD icon appears on the desktop.
4

Choose Control Panels from the Apple (K) menu.

5

Double-click the Startup Disk icon.

The Startup Disk control panel window appears.
6

Click the CD icon to select it as your startup disk.

7

Close the Startup Disk control panel window.

8

Press and hold down the Control, Command (x), and Power keys.

Starting up from a floppy disk
To test, repair, or initialize a hard disk, or to install system software on a hard
disk, you need to start up your computer from another disk. If you don’t have
a built-in CD-ROM drive, you can start up the computer using the Utilities
floppy disk that came with your computer.
To start up your computer using the Utilities floppy disk, follow these steps:
1

Shut down your computer.

2

Insert the Utilities disk into the disk drive.

3

Turn the computer on.

It takes several moments for your computer to start up from the Utilities disk.

Troubleshooting

65

How to test a hard disk
You can test an Apple SCSI hard disk with the Apple HD SC Setup program,
which is on the Utilities floppy disk that came with your computer. If your
computer has a built-in CD-ROM drive, and you didn’t receive floppy disks,
you can find the Apple HD SC Setup program on the Macintosh Performa CD.
1

Start up your computer from the Utilities disk or the Macintosh Performa CD.

See “Starting Up From a CD-ROM Disc” or “Starting Up From a Floppy
Disk” earlier in this section.
2

Open the Apple HD SC Setup icon.

3

Click Drive until the disk you want appears.

SCSI ID number of the currently selected hard disk
(The number of the internal hard disk is 0.)

Name of the currently selected hard disk

4

Click Test.

5

When a message tells you that testing is complete, click Quit.

If the test reveals a problem, you may be able to correct it by using Disk First
Aid or another disk repair program (see the instructions in the next section),
or you may need to reinitialize the disk (see “Initializing a Hard Disk” later in
this chapter). Consult an Apple-authorized service provider for assistance if
necessary.

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How to repair a hard disk or floppy disk
You can repair some types of disk damage by using the Disk First Aid
program, which is included either on the Utilities floppy disk or on the
Macintosh Performa CD that came with your computer.
1

Start up your computer from the Utilities disk or the Macintosh Performa CD.

See “Starting Up From a CD-ROM Disc” or “Starting Up From a Floppy
Disk” earlier in this section.
2

Open the Disk First Aid icon.

3

Click the icon of the disk you want to test.

Disk icons appear in a box at the top of the Disk First Aid window.

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67

4

Click Repair to begin testing and repairing the disk.

You can’t repair the startup disk or the disk that contains the Disk First Aid
program, but you can test these disks by clicking Verify. If the program
reveals a problem with either of these disks, start up the computer from
another disk so that you can repair the damaged disk.
If you want to test and repair another disk, click its icon and then click Repair.
5

When testing and repair are done, choose Quit from the File menu.

If Disk First Aid cannot correct the problem
m Try repairing the disk again. Sometimes repeating the process corrects the
problem.
m Use another disk repair or recovery program. Some disk repair programs
let you recover information from a damaged disk.
m Consult a computer repair specialist for help.
m Once you have recovered all the information you can and backed it up,
erase (reinitialize) the disk. For instructions on reinitializing a floppy disk,
see the “Disks” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.
For instructions on reinitializing a hard disk, see the next section,
“Initializing a Hard Disk.”
If initialization doesn’t work, discard the damaged disk (if it’s a floppy
disk), or take it to your Apple-authorized service provider for repair (if it’s
a hard disk). If you received a copy of the Macintosh Performa CD (whether
or not your computer has a CD-ROM drive), bring this disc with you to the
service provider.

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Initializing a hard disk
Before you can use a new disk, the disk must be prepared so that the
computer knows where to store information on the disk. This preparation is
called initializing (or formatting) the disk.

When do you need to initialize a hard disk?
The hard disk inside your computer was initialized at the factory, so you
shouldn’t need to initialize it. You need to initialize a hard disk only if
m you purchase a hard disk that has not been initialized at the factory
m your hard disk is damaged
If a hard disk needs to be initialized, the disk’s icon may not appear on the
desktop when you start up the computer using another disk.
WARNING Initializing a disk erases any information that may be on it.

Before you initialize a damaged disk, try to repair it as described in
“Repairing a Damaged Disk” earlier in this chapter.

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69

How to initialize a hard disk
You initialize an Apple SCSI hard disk by using a program called Apple HD
SC Setup, which is on the Utilities floppy disk that came with your computer.
If your computer came with a CD-ROM drive and you didn’t receive floppy
disks, you can find Apple HD SC Setup on the Macintosh Performa CD.
1

Start up your computer from the Utilities disk or the Macintosh Performa CD.

See “Starting Up From a CD-ROM Disc” or “Starting Up From a Floppy
Disk” in the section “Repairing a Damaged Disk,” earlier in this chapter.
2

Open the Apple HD SC Setup icon.

3

Click Drive until the disk you want to initialize appears.

You cannot initialize the disk that you used to start up your computer or the
disk that contains the Apple HD SC Setup program.

SCSI ID number of the currently selected hard disk
(The number of the internal hard disk is 0.)

Name of the currently selected hard disk

4

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Click Initialize.

5

Click Init to initialize the hard disk.

Click here to initialize the disk.

6

If a message appears asking you to name the disk, type a name and then click OK.

7

Click Quit when you see a message reporting that initialization was successful.

If a message reports that initialization failed, try again. If initialization fails
a second time, take the disk to your Apple-authorized service provider for
repair.

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71

Installing or reinstalling system software
System software is the set of programs and other files that your computer uses
to start itself up, keep track of your files, and run the application programs
you use. System software is kept in the System Folder. When you turn on your
computer, it looks for a startup disk, which is a disk that contains the system
software. The startup disk is usually the hard disk that’s inside your computer,
though another hard disk or a floppy disk can also be a startup disk.

When should you install or reinstall system software?
Your Macintosh came with all the necessary system software installed on its
internal hard disk, so you don’t need to install system software on that disk
unless you encounter software problems.
If you have a new hard disk or a newly initialized hard disk that doesn’t
contain system software, or if you want to upgrade to a more recent version of
system software on a hard disk, you’ll need to install system software. See the
next section, “How to Install or Reinstall System Software.”
If your hard disk already has system software installed on it but there is a
problem with the disk or the software, you may see this icon in the middle of
the screen:

If this icon appears, first try testing your startup hard disk and repairing any
damage. To do this, follow the instructions in “Repairing a Damaged Disk”
earlier in this chapter. If repairing the disk doesn’t help, you may need to
reinstall system software.

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How to install or reinstall system software
If your computer has a CD-ROM drive, you can install or reinstall system
software by following the instructions in the Macintosh Performa CD booklet
that came with your computer.
If your computer doesn’t have a CD-ROM drive and you’ve used Apple
Backup to back up the contents of your hard disk, you can use Apple Restore
to reinstall system software. For instructions, see “Restoring the Information
on Your Hard Disk” in Chapter 4.
If your computer doesn’t have a CD-ROM drive and you have not used Apple
Backup to back up the contents of your disk, try one of the following:
m If you received the Macintosh Performa CD with your computer, contact an
Apple-authorized service provider, a Macintosh user group, or another
Macintosh user for access to a CD-ROM drive. Reinstall system software
on your hard disk by following the instructions in the Macintosh Performa
CD booklet that came with your computer.
m If you did not receive the Macintosh Performa CD with your computer, or if
you cannot get access to a CD-ROM drive, call the customer support
hotline. (The phone number for the hotline is in the service and support
information that came with your computer.)

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73

Read this appendix for important
health and safety instructions,
as well as tips on keeping your
computer in good working order.

Appendix A
Health, Safety, and Maintenance Tips

For your own safety and that of your equipment, follow all the instructions in
this chapter. Keep these instructions available for reference by you and others.

Health-related information about computer use
Muscle soreness, eye fatigue, and other discomforts and injuries sometimes
associated with using computers can occur from performing any number of
activities. In fact, misuse of the same muscles during multiple activities can
create a problem that might not otherwise exist. For example, if you engage in
nonwork activities that involve repetitive stress on the wrist—such as
bicycling—and also use your computer’s keyboard improperly, you may
increase your likelihood of developing wrist problems. Some individuals are
at greater risk of developing these problems because of their health,
physiology, lifestyle, and general exposure to stress. Work organization and
conditions, such as workstation setup and lighting, also play a part in your
overall health and comfort. Preventing health problems is a multifaceted task
that requires careful attention to the way you use your body every hour of
every day.
The most common health effects associated with using a computer are
musculoskeletal discomfort and eye fatigue. We’ll discuss each area of
concern below.

75

Musculoskeletal discomfort
As with any activity that involves sitting for long periods of time, using a
computer can make your muscles sore and stiff. To minimize these effects, set
up your work environment carefully, using the guidelines that follow, and take
frequent breaks to rest tired muscles. To make working with your computer
more comfortable, allow enough space in your work area so that you can
change position frequently and maintain a relaxed posture.
Another type of musculoskeletal concern is repetitive stress injuries (RSIs),
also known as cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs). These problems can
occur when a certain muscle or tendon is repeatedly overused and forced into
an unnatural position. The exact causes of RSIs are not totally understood, but
in addition to awkward posture, such factors as the amount of repetition, the
force used in the activity, the individual’s physiology, workplace stress level,
and lifestyle may affect the likelihood of experiencing an RSI.
RSIs did not suddenly arise when computers were invented; tennis elbow and
writer’s cramp, for example, are two RSIs that have been with us for a long
time. Although less common than other RSIs, one serious RSI discussed more
often today is a wrist problem called carpal tunnel syndrome, which may be
aggravated by improper use of computer keyboards. This nerve disorder
results from excessive pressure on the median nerve as it passes through the
wrist to the hand.
This section offers advice on setting up your work area to enhance your
comfort while you use your computer. Since the effects of repetitive
movements associated with using a computer can be compounded by those of
other work and leisure activities to produce or aggravate physical problems,
proper use of your computer system must be considered as just one element
of a healthy lifestyle.
No one, of course, can guarantee that you won’t have problems even when you
follow the most expert advice on using computer equipment. You should
always check with a qualified health specialist if muscle, joint, or eye
problems occur.

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Appendix A

Eye fatigue
Eye fatigue can occur whenever the eyes are focused on a nearby object for a
long time. This problem occurs because the eye muscles must work harder to
view an object that’s closer than about 20 feet (6 meters). Improper lighting
can hasten the development of eye fatigue. Although eye fatigue is annoying,
there’s no evidence that it leads to permanent damage.
Whenever you’re engaged in an activity that involves close-up work—such as
reading a magazine, doing craft work, or using a computer—be sure to have
sufficient glare-free lighting and give your eyes frequent rest breaks by
looking up and focusing on distant objects. Remember to have your eyes
examined regularly.
To prevent discomfort and eye fatigue:
m Arrange your work space so that the furniture is properly adjusted for you
and doesn’t contribute to an awkward working posture.
m Take frequent short breaks to give your muscles and eyes a chance to rest.

Arranging your office
Here are some guidelines for adjusting the furniture in your office to
accommodate your physical size and shape.
m An adjustable chair that provides firm, comfortable support is best. Adjust
the height of the chair so your thighs are horizontal and your feet flat on
the floor.
The back of the chair should support your lower back (lumbar region).
Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for adjusting the backrest to fit your
body properly.
m When you use the computer keyboard, your shoulders should be relaxed.
Your upper arm and forearm should form an approximate right angle, with
your wrist and hand in roughly a straight line.

Health, Safety, and Maintenance Tips

77

You may have to raise your chair so your forearms and hands are at the
proper angle to the keyboard. If this makes it impossible to rest your feet
flat on the floor, you can use a footrest with adjustable height and tilt to
make up for any gap between the floor and your feet. Or you may lower
the desktop to eliminate the need for a footrest. Another option is to use a
desk with a keyboard tray that’s lower than the regular work surface.
m Position the mouse at the same height as your keyboard. Allow adequate
space to use the mouse comfortably.
m Arrange the monitor so the top of the screen is slightly below your eye
level when you’re sitting at the keyboard. The best distance from your eyes
to the screen is up to you, although most people seem to prefer 18 to 28
inches (45 to 70 cm).
m Position the computer to minimize glare and reflections on the screen from
overhead lights and windows.
45–70 cm (18–28 in.)

Shoulders relaxed
Forearms and hands
in a straight line
Forearms level
or tilted up slightly
Lower back supported

Top of the screen at or slightly
below eye level (You may need
to adjust the height of your
computer by placing something
under it or by raising your
work surface.)
Screen positioned to avoid
reflected glare
Clearance under work surface

Thighs horizontal
Feet flat on the floor

78

Appendix A

Avoiding fatigue
m Change your seated position, stand up, or stretch whenever you start to feel
tired. Frequent short breaks are helpful in reducing fatigue.
m Use a light touch when typing or using a mouse and keep your hands and
fingers relaxed.
m Some computer users may develop discomfort in their hands, wrists, or
arms after intensive work without breaks. If you begin to develop chronic
pain or discomfort in your hands, wrists, or arms, consult a qualified
health specialist.
m Allow adequate work space so that you can use your keyboard and mouse
comfortably. Place papers or other items so you can view them easily while
using your computer. A document stand may make reading papers more
comfortable.
m Eye muscles must work harder to focus on nearby objects. Occasionally
focus your eyes on a distant object, and blink often while you work.
m Clean your screen regularly. Keeping the screen clean helps reduce
unwanted reflections.

What about electromagnetic emissions?
There has been recent public discussion of the possible health effects of
prolonged exposure to extremely low frequency (ELF) and very low
frequency (VLF) electromagnetic fields. Such fields are associated with
electromagnetic sources such as television sets, electrical wiring, and some
household appliances—as well as computer monitors.
Apple has reviewed scientific reports and sought the counsel of government
regulatory agencies and respected health organizations. Based on the
prevailing evidence and opinions, Apple believes that the electric and
magnetic fields produced by computer monitors do not pose a health risk.
In response to those customers who wish to reduce their exposure to
electromagnetic fields, Apple has lowered the emission levels of our products.
We are also actively encouraging further scientific research so we can
continue to promote the health and safety of our customers and employees.

Health, Safety, and Maintenance Tips

79

Safety instructions
For your own safety and that of your equipment, always take the following
precautions.
Turn off the computer completely and disconnect the power plug (by pulling
the plug, not the cord) if any of the following conditions exists:
m the power cord or plug becomes frayed or otherwise damaged
m you spill something into the case
m your Macintosh is exposed to rain or any other excess moisture
m your Macintosh has been dropped or the case has been otherwise damaged
m you suspect that your Macintosh needs service or repair
m you want to clean the case (use only the recommended procedure
described later in this chapter)
Be sure that you always do the following:
m Keep your Macintosh away from sources of liquids, such as wash basins,
bathtubs, shower stalls, and so on.
m Protect your Macintosh from dampness or wet weather, such as rain, snow,
and so on.
m Read all the installation instructions carefully before you plug your
Macintosh into a wall socket.
m Keep these instructions handy for reference by you and others.
m Follow all instructions and warnings dealing with your system.
WARNING Electrical equipment may be hazardous if misused. Operation

of this product, or similar products, must always be supervised by an
adult. Do not allow children access to the interior of any electrical
product and do not permit them to handle any cables.

80

Appendix A

Handling your computer equipment
Follow these guidelines for handling your computer and its components:
m When setting up your computer, place components on a sturdy, flat surface,
and carefully follow all setup instructions.
m When connecting or disconnecting a cable, always hold the cable by its
connector (the plug, not the cord).
m Turn off your computer and all its components before connecting or
disconnecting any cables to add or remove any component. Failure to do so
could seriously damage your equipment.
m Never force a connector into a port. If the connector and port do not join
with reasonable ease, they probably don’t match. Make sure that the
connector matches the port and that you have positioned the connector
correctly in relation to the port.
m Take care not to spill any food or liquid on the computer, keyboard, mouse,
or other components. If you do, turn your computer off immediately and
unplug it before cleaning up the spill. Depending on what you spilled and
how much of it got into your equipment, you may have to bring your
equipment to an Apple-authorized service provider.
m Protect the computer and its components from direct sunlight and rain or
other moisture.
m Keep all ventilation openings clear and unobstructed. Without proper air
circulation, components can overheat, causing damage or unreliable
operation.
WARNING This equipment is intended to be electrically grounded. Your

Macintosh is equipped with a three-wire grounding plug—a plug that
has a third (grounding) pin. This plug will fit only a grounded AC
outlet. This is a safety feature. If you are unable to insert the plug into
the outlet, contact a licensed electrician to replace the outlet with a
properly grounded outlet. Do not defeat the purpose of the grounding
plug!

Health, Safety, and Maintenance Tips

81

Handling the built-in monitor
Follow these procedures for handling the built-in monitor:
m Turn down the screen brightness control if you leave the computer turned
on for extended periods. If the brightness is not turned down, the image on
the screen could “burn in” and damage the screen.
You can also use a “screen saver” program, which dims or varies the image
on the screen when the computer has been idle for a specified period of
time. These programs are available from independent suppliers and user
groups.
m If there is interference on the monitor’s screen or on a television or radio
near your computer, move the affected equipment farther away.

Handling the keyboard
Take care not to spill any liquid on the keyboard. If you do, turn off your
computer immediately.
m If you spill liquid that is thin and clear, unplug the keyboard, turn it upside
down to let the liquid drain out, and let it dry for 24 hours at room
temperature. If, after you take these steps, the keyboard doesn’t work, take
it to your Apple-authorized service provider for repair.
m If you spill liquid that is greasy, sweet, or sticky, unplug the keyboard and
take it to your Apple-authorized service provider for repair.

82

Appendix A

Handling floppy disks
Store disks at
temperatures
between 50° F
and 125° F.

Do not use a
pencil or an
eraser on a disk
or disk label.

Keep disks dry.

125° F (52° C)

50° F (10° C)

Do not touch the
exposed part of the
disk behind the
metal shutter.

Keep disks away
from magnets.

Avoid exposing
disks to extremely
hot temperatures.

Ejecting a disk
For instructions on ejecting a floppy disk, a CD-ROM disc, or a removable
media disk, see the “Disks” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide
(h) menu.

Health, Safety, and Maintenance Tips

83

If you can’t eject a floppy disk
If you can’t eject a floppy disk in the usual way, try the following in order:
m Hold down the x and Shift keys and press the number 1 key on your
keyboard to eject a disk in the internal disk drive.
m Turn off the computer. If the disk isn’t ejected, then hold down the button
on your mouse or other pointing device while you turn the computer on
again.
m Locate the small hole near the disk drive’s opening, and carefully insert the
end of a large straightened paper clip into it. Push gently until the disk is
ejected. Do not use excessive force.

If nothing works, take the computer or disk drive to your Apple-authorized
service provider to have the disk removed.

Power supply
The power supply in your computer is a high-voltage component and should
not be opened for any reason, even when the computer is off. If the power
supply needs service, contact your Apple-authorized dealer or service
provider.

84

Appendix A

Cleaning your equipment
Follow these general rules when cleaning the outside of your computer and
its components:
m Use a damp, soft, lint-free cloth to clean the computer’s exterior. Avoid
getting moisture in any openings.
m Don’t use aerosol sprays, solvents, or abrasives.

Cleaning the computer case
To clean the case, do the following:
1

Turn off the computer completely and then disconnect the power plug. (Pull the plug, not
the cord.)

2

Wipe the surfaces lightly with a clean, soft cloth dampened with water.

Cleaning the monitor
To clean the screen, put household glass cleaner on a soft cloth and wipe the
screen. Don’t spray the cleaner directly on the screen, because the liquid
might drip into the monitor or computer.

Cleaning the mouse
The mouse contains a small ball that must roll smoothly for the mouse to
work properly. You can keep this ball free of dirt and grease by using the
mouse on a clean, lint-free surface and cleaning it occasionally.
You need a few cotton swabs and a clean, soft, lint-free cloth.
1

Turn off your computer.

Health, Safety, and Maintenance Tips

85

2

Turn the mouse upside-down and turn the plastic ring on the bottom counterclockwise
to disengage it.

If you have an older mouse, you may need to press the plastic ring (rather
than turn it) to disengage it.
3

Turn the mouse right-side up with one hand and catch the ring and the ball with your
other hand.

4

Clean the three small rollers inside the mouse with a cotton swab moistened with water.

Rotate the rollers to clean all around them.

5

Wipe the mouse ball with a clean, soft, dry, and lint-free cloth.

6

If necessary, wash the mouse ball with warm soapy water (use a mild soap such as a
dishwashing liquid) and then dry the mouse ball thoroughly.

7

Gently blow into the mouse case to remove any dust that has collected there.

8

Put the ball and the ring back in place.

Your mouse should roll smoothly across your mouse pad or desk. If it doesn’t,
repeat these instructions carefully.

86

Appendix A

Read this appendix for
instructions on installing an
expansion card in your computer.

Appendix B
Installing an Expansion Card

Expansion cards are printed circuit boards that can be installed in your
computer to give it special capabilities, such as enhanced video capabilities,
networking and communications, and additional processing power. Your
Macintosh has a processor-direct slot (PDS) for most cards, including the
Apple IIe Card. If you have a Macintosh Performa 570 series computer, it also
has a communications slot for an internal modem or Ethernet card.
You can install expansion cards by following the instructions that came with
the card, or by following the instructions in this appendix.
WARNING To avoid damaging your computer and expansion card, do not

attempt to install any expansion card without first checking the
documentation for that card. If the documentation specifies that an
Apple-certified technician must install the card (usually because
the installation requires special training or tools), consult the service
and support information that came with your computer for instructions
on how to contact an Apple-authorized service provider or Apple for
service. If you attempt to install the card yourself, any damage you
cause to your computer will not be covered by the limited warranty on
your computer. If the card is not an Apple-labeled product, check with
an Apple-authorized dealer or service provider to see if you can install
it yourself.

87

Installing both types of expansion cards involves three steps:
m opening the computer
m inserting the card into a specific slot
m closing the computer
IMPORTANT To use the Apple IIe Card with your Macintosh, you will need

version 2.2 or later of the Apple IIe Card software. If you’re using an earlier
version, consult the service and support information that came with your
computer for information on how to obtain an upgrade.

Opening the computer

88

Appendix B

1

Choose Shut Down from the Apple (K) menu or the Special menu, or press the Power
key on the keyboard.

2

Turn the computer completely off by pressing the power switch at the back of the
computer.

3

Unplug the cable that connects your keyboard to the computer.

4

If there are security screws on either side of the computer’s back panel, remove them
with a Phillips screwdriver.

5

Place your thumbs on the two plastic tabs on the back panel of the computer.

6

Press down on the tabs and pull gently until the back panel opens.

7

Take the back panel off and set it aside.

Installing an Expansion Card

89

8

Slide the logic board (the board that holds the components that make your computer
work) partway out until you have complete access to the slots at the right side of
the board.
WARNING Don’t pull the board all the way out; this can damage your

Macintosh.
You’ll need to hook your fingers around the little metal boxes to pull the
logic board.

90

Appendix B

Installing the card
You can install a processor-direct slot (PDS) card in your computer. If you
have a computer in the Macintosh Performa 570 series, you can also install a
communications card.

Installing a processor-direct slot (PDS) card
1

Remove the processor-direct slot (PDS) expansion card from its static-proof bag.

Hold the card by its top edge to avoid touching the connector on the bottom of
the card.
2

Align the card over the processor-direct slot.

Align the card
over this slot.

Your computer may look slightly different from the one shown.
3

Press down on the card until the connector is solidly in place.

Don’t force the card. If you meet resistance, pull the card out and try again.
To see if the card is properly connected, lift it gently. If it resists and stays in
place, it’s connected.

Installing an Expansion Card

91

Installing a communications card (Macintosh Performa 570
series only)
1

Remove the communications card from its static-proof bag.

Hold the card by its top edge to avoid touching the connector on the bottom of
the card.
2

Align the card over the communications slot.

The communications slot is the rightmost slot on the logic board.

Align the card
over this slot.

3

Press down on the card until the connector is solidly in place.

Don’t force the card. If you meet resistance, pull the card out and try again.
To see if the card is properly connected, lift it gently. If it resists and stays in
place, it’s connected.

92

Appendix B

Closing the computer
1

Slide the logic board back in.

Push on the back edge of the logic board until it is firmly in place.
2

If there is a connector on the card that you just installed (for example, if you are
installing an Apple IIe Card), remove the access cover on the back panel you removed
earlier.

Pinch together the plastic tabs on the access cover to remove it and pop it out.
With the access cover off, you can use the port on the card you just installed.
If you installed a processor-direct slot (PDS) card, remove this access cover:

If you installed a communications card (Macintosh Performa 570 series only),
remove this access cover:

Installing an Expansion Card

93

3

Replace the back panel of the computer.

Slip the back panel over the prongs at the bottom edge of the back of the
computer, then push it up and forward until it snaps into place. If your back
panel was held on by security screws, replace them.

WARNING Never turn on your computer unless all of its internal and

external parts are in place. Operating the computer when it is open or
missing parts can be dangerous, and can damage your computer.

94

Appendix B

Read this appendix to learn
how to use the special
keys on your keyboard.

Appendix C
Special Keys on Your Keyboard

Your computer keyboard contains certain special keys that typewriter
keyboards don’t have. Many of these keys allow you to give commands to the
computer without using the mouse. For example, in many application
programs, pressing the x (Command) key at the same time as the Q key is
often an alternative method of quitting a program.
The following table describes what you can do with the special keys on your
keyboard. The number of special keys on your keyboard may vary from this
list; it depends on the model of keyboard you have.
Special keys on Apple keyboards
Arrow keys

Caps Lock key
Clear key

x (Command) key

Use to move the insertion point, as an alternative to using the
pointer. In some programs, the arrow keys have other functions.
Use to capitalize a series of letters (numbers and symbols
aren’t affected).

caps
lock

num
lock

clear

Use to delete the current selection (or use the Delete key).
In some programs, Clear has other functions.
Use in combination with other keys as an alternative to
choosing a menu command.
continued .

95

Special keys on Apple keyboards (continued)
Control key

control

Delete key

Use to delete selected material, or the character to the left of the
insertion point.

delete

Enter key
enter

Escape key

esc

Function keys

F1

Option key
Numeric keys

alt

option

num
lock

=

/

7

8

9

4

5

6

1

2

clear

*

Use to produce numbers and mathematical symbols; some
programs use these keys as function keys to initiate actions.

Use to produce capital letters (or the upper character
on the key).

shift

ins

help

home

page
up

end

page
down

del

Appendix C

Use in combination with other keys to produce special
characters or modify actions.

Use to move the insertion point to the beginning of the next line.
In a dialog box, pressing Return is the same as clicking the
outlined button.

return

Shift key

96

Some programs allow you to use the 12 function keys to give
commands. You can assign commands or action sequences to
function keys with special utility programs.

On some models, press to turn on the computer. Also press to
shut down the computer on certain models.

Return key

Tab key

The function of this key depends on the program you’re using.

enter

Power key

Other special keys

In a dialog box, pressing Enter is the same as clicking the
outlined button. In some programs, pressing this key confirms
information you have provided.

3

.

0

In combination with other keys, this key provides shortcuts or
modifies other actions.

tab

The function of these keys depends on the operating system
and program you’re using.
Use to move the insertion point to the next stopping place
(such as a tab stop or field in a dialog box or program).

If you can’t find what you’re looking for
in this index, look in Macintosh Guide—
available in the Guide (h) menu
on your computer.

Index

A
access cover, removing 93
active application program 12, 16, 37
ADB (Apple Desktop Bus) port
4, 5, 29, 58
additional equipment, connecting 29
air circulation near the computer 81
Apple-authorized service providers,
contacting
damaged disks 66, 68
damaged keyboards 58
initialization failed 71
installing additional RAM 34
installing expansion cards 87
installing internal drives 34
installing special hardware 59
installing system software 73
mouse connection problems 57
power supply service 84
removing a floppy disk from
the drive 84
repair service 48, 81, 82
replacing the battery in computer’s
clock 51
“sad Macintosh” icon 53
Apple Backup program 38–39,
40–44, 73
Apple Desktop Bus (ADB) port
4, 5, 29, 58

Apple Ethernet media adapter 33
Apple Extras folder 35
Apple HD SC Setup program 66, 70
Apple menu, Shut Down command 13
Apple Restore program 39, 44–46, 73
AppleScript program 35
AppleTalk support 33
Apple IIe Card 87, 88
Application menu
Finder 16, 23
Hide Others command 38
identifying active program 12, 16, 37
Show All command 38
switching programs 12, 37
application programs
activating 12, 16, 37
guidelines for using 36
installing 35–36
opening documents created in a
different program 60
working with several at a time 37–38
arrow keys 95
arrow pointer
doesn’t move when you move the
mouse 56–57
“frozen” on screen 47, 56–57
moving 11
automating tasks 35

97

B
backing up files and disks 38–44
back panel of computer
illustration of ports on 29
removing 88–89
replacing 94
backup copy, updating 42–44
backup programs 39
Balloon Help 24
basic Macintosh skills 11–12
battery in computer’s clock, replacing 51
blinking question mark 8, 52, 63, 72
“bomb” message on screen 47, 49, 56
brightness control 9, 51, 82. See also
screen control buttons
built-in microphone. See microphone

C
cables
connecting/disconnecting, safety
instructions 81
keyboard and mouse 4, 5
Caps Lock key 95
cards, installing 87–94
carpal tunnel syndrome 76
CD-ROM disc. See
Macintosh Performa CD
CD-ROM drive 28, 34
cleaning
case 85
keyboard 82
monitor 85
mouse 85–86
screen 79, 85
spills 81, 82
Clear key 95
clicking icons 25
clock in computer, troubleshooting 51
close box 12
closing
the computer 93–94
Macintosh Guide window 23

98

Index

Color Trinitron™ display 28. See also
monitor; screen
Command (x) key 95
commands
assigning to function keys 96
shortcuts for 25–26, 95–96
communications card, installing 92
communications port cover 29
communications slot on logic
board 87, 92
computer system, illustration 28
connecting. See also installing
additional equipment 29
cables 4, 5, 81
mouse and keyboard 4–5
to a network 33
connectors, handling 81
Control key 96
control panels
compatibility problems with 56, 57
Extensions Manager 56, 57
Memory 59
Network 33
PC Exchange 60, 61
Sound 30
Startup Disk 64, 65
copying program disks to the hard
disk 36
cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs) 76
customer support hotline 14, 44, 73

D
damaged disks, repairing 62–68
damage to computer, avoiding 32, 34
Delete key 96
deleting selected material 95, 96
desk accessories 37
desktop
hiding and showing windows on 38
rebuilding 50, 54, 60
Disk First Aid program 67–68
disk repair programs 68
disks. See floppy disks; hard disk

document stand 79
DOS computers
using documents created from 60, 61
using floppy disks formatted for 55
double-clicking 25

E
ejecting floppy disks 36, 83–84
electrical grounding 1, 3, 81
electrical safety 80
electromagnetic emissions 79
Enter key 96
erasing selected material 95, 96
error messages 47–48, 49, 56
Escape key 96
Ethernet card 33, 87
EtherTalk support 33
expanding
the Macintosh Guide window 23
memory 34
expansion card access cover 29
expansion card, installing 87–94
Extensions Manager control panel 56, 57
eye fatigue related to computer use
77, 79

F
files, backing up 38–44
Finder
activating 16, 23
automating tasks in 35
Macintosh Guide and 16, 23
shortcuts in 25–26
floating-point unit (FPU) 59
floppy disk drive 28, 34
floppy disks. See also Utilities disk
backing up 38
copying to the hard disk 36
ejecting 36, 83–84
formatted for DOS computers 40, 55
handling 83
high-density 40–41, 43
initializing 55

inserting 36
locking 41, 44
repairing 55, 67–68
starting the computer from 53, 65
unlocking 43
unreadable 55
folders
Apple Extras 35
AppleScript 35
System Folder 36, 43, 44, 60
formatting. See initializing
FPU (floating-point unit) 59
“frozen” screen, troubleshooting 47, 49,
56–57
function keys 96

G
glare on screen 78–79
grounding plug 3, 81
Guide menu. See also Balloon Help;
Macintosh Guide window;
Macintosh Shortcuts window
displaying 16
Hide Balloons command 24
Macintosh Guide command 16
overview 14, 15
Shortcuts command 25
Show Balloons command 24

H
hard disk
backing up 38–44
can’t start up from 62
copying programs to 36
illustration 29
initializing with Apple HD SC
Setup 69–71
installing 34
repairing 52, 54, 62–68
restoring information on 39, 44–46
testing with Apple HD SC Setup 66
hard disk icon 8, 12
doesn’t appear on the desktop 54

Index

99

hardware, connecting additional 29
headphone jack 28
health tips 75–79
Help. See Apple-authorized service
providers; Balloon Help;
customer support hotline;
Guide menu; Macintosh Guide
window; troubleshooting
HD SC Setup program 66, 70
Hide Balloons command
(Guide menu) 24
Hide Others command
(Application menu) 38
hiding windows on the desktop 38
high-density floppy disks 40–41, 43
“Huh?” button (Macintosh
Guide window) 23

I, J
IBM PC or compatible computers.
See DOS computers
icons
Apple Backup 40, 42
Apple Desktop Bus (ADB) 4, 5
Apple HD SC Setup 66, 70
Apple Restore 45
blinking question mark 8, 52, 63, 72
bomb 47
clicking 25
defined 12
dimmed 37
disk with an X 53
don’t appear correctly on screen 54
double-clicking 25
Finder 37
Guide menu 15
hard disk 8, 12
opening 25
“sad Macintosh” 53

100

Index

identifying objects on the screen 24
ID numbers, SCSI 54, 62, 66, 70
Index button (Macintosh Guide
window) 17, 19–20
initializing
floppy disks 55
hard disk 69–71
inserting floppy disks 36
insertion point
moving 96
setting 58
installing. See also connecting
additional RAM 34
application programs 35–36
communications card 92
expansion card 87–94
internal disk drives 34
PowerTalk 35
processor-direct slot (PDS) card 91
QuickDraw GX 35
system software 54, 72–73
interference on screen, radio,
or television 82
internal drives, installing 34
internal modem, slot for 87

K
keyboard
connecting 4–5
damaged 58
handling and cleaning 82
illustration 28
positioning 77–78
typing produces nothing on screen 58
wrist pain from 75, 76, 79
keyboard cable 4, 5
keyboard shortcuts 25–26, 95–96
keys, special 95–96

L
Launcher
applications available in 40, 42
opening programs in 35
putting programs into 36
light, power-on 9, 28
locking a floppy disk 41, 44
logic board
sliding into computer 93
sliding out of computer 90
slots on 87
Look For button (Macintosh
Guide window) 17, 21–22

M
Macintosh Guide command
(Guide menu) 16
Macintosh Guide window
appearance of 16
closing 23
“Huh?” button 23
Index button 17, 19–20
Look For button 17, 21–22
moving 23
moving to next step in 18
returning to 18, 23
searching for information in 17–22
shrinking and expanding 23
tips for using 23
Topics button 17–18
Macintosh Performa CD
Apple HD SC Setup 66, 70
contents of 38, 44
Disk First Aid 67–68
installing system software 73
starting the computer from 63–65
Macintosh Shortcuts window 25–26
mathematical symbols 96
media adapter 33

memory
expanding 34
“not enough memory” message 59
Memory control panel 59
memory requirements for PowerTalk and
QuickDraw GX 35
menu bar 12
menu commands. See commands
microphone
illustration 28
using 32
modem, slot for 87
modem port 29
moisture, protecting equipment from
80, 81, 82
monitor. See also screen
brightness control 9, 51, 82
cleaning 85
connecting to a keyboard or mouse
4, 5
handling and cleaning 82
illustration 28
interference on screen 82
monitor port 29
mouse
cleaning 85–86
connecting 4–5
connections, troubleshooting 57
how to use 11–12
illustration 11, 28
positioning 11, 78
shortcuts for using 25–26
mouse button 11
mouse cable 4, 5
mouse pad 12
moving
arrow pointer 11
insertion point 96
Macintosh Guide window 23
mouse 11
musculoskeletal discomfort related to
computer use 75–76

Index

101

N
network, connecting to 33
Network control panel 33
numeric keys 96

O
office, arranging 77–78
on/off switch. See power switch
opening
the computer 88–90
icons 25
Option key 96

P
PC Exchange control panel 60, 61
PDS. See processor-direct slot
Performa Tutorial 11–12
plugging in the computer 1–3
pointer. See arrow pointer
ports
Apple Desktop Bus (ADB) 4, 5, 58
illustration of all ports 29
posture for computer use 77–78
power cord 2–3
when to disconnect 80
Power key
illustration 7, 28
restarting the computer 49, 65
turning the computer on or off
13, 88, 96
power-on light 9, 28
power plug socket 29
power supply in computer, safety
instructions 84
power switch
illustration 2, 29
troubleshooting 49, 58
turning off the computer 13
turning on the computer 7, 9

102

Index

PowerTalk, installing 35
precautions (safety instructions) 80–86
printer port 29
processor-direct slot (PDS) card,
installing 91
processor-direct slot (PDS) on logic
board 87, 91
programs. See application programs

Q
question mark icon on screen
8, 52, 63, 72
questions. See Balloon Help;
Guide menu; Macintosh
Guide window; troubleshooting
QuickDraw GX, installing 35

R
RAM. See memory
rebuilding the desktop 50, 54, 60
reinitializing. See initializing
reinstalling. See installing
repairing damaged disks 52, 54, 62–68
repair service. See Apple-authorized
service providers; customer
support hotline
repetitive stress injuries (RSIs) 76
Restart command (Special menu)
49, 64, 65
restarting the computer 49, 64, 65
restoring information on the hard disk
39, 44–46
Return key 96

S
“sad Macintosh” icon 53
safety instructions 80–86
screen. See also monitor
appears dark 51
avoiding image “burn in” 82
cleaning 79, 85
“frozen” 47, 49, 56–57
glare and reflections on 78, 79
identifying objects on 24
screen control buttons 28, 31.
See also brightness control
screen saver programs 51, 82
scroll arrows 12
SCSI devices, troubleshooting
connections 52
SCSI ID numbers 54, 62, 66, 70
SCSI port 29
security screw hole 29
service and support. See Appleauthorized service providers;
customer support hotline
Shift key 96
shortcuts
keyboard 25–26, 95–96
mouse 25–26
Shortcuts command (Guide menu) 25
Show All command (Application
menu) 38
Show Balloons command (Guide
menu) 24
showing windows on the desktop 38
shrinking the Macintosh Guide
window 23
Shut Down command (Apple menu or
Special menu) 13
shutting down the computer. See turning
off the computer
Single Inline Memory Modules
(SIMMs) 34
size box 12
slots on logic board 87
sound control buttons 28, 30

Sound control panel 30
sound input/output ports 29
speakers 28
special characters, typing 96
special keys 95–96
Special menu
Restart command 49, 64, 65
Shut Down command 13
spills on computer equipment 81, 82
starting up the computer
from a CD-ROM disc 63–65
from a floppy disk 53, 65
startup disk. See also Macintosh
Performa CD; Utilities disk
troubleshooting 53, 54, 56, 62, 72
Startup Disk control panel 64, 65
stereo speakers 28
switching programs 12, 37
system extensions, compatibility
problems 56, 57
System Folder
backing up 43
extra copies of 36
opening files in 60
restoring from a backup 44
system software
computer can’t find 8, 52
installing 54, 72–73
problems with 52, 54

T
Tab key 96
TCP/IP support 33
temperature ranges, for storing floppy
disks 83
testing a hard disk with Apple HD SC
Setup 66
three-wire grounding plug 3, 81
title bar 12
Topics button (Macintosh
Guide window) 17–18
Topics button (Macintosh
Shortcuts window) 26

Index

103

Trash, dragging items to 12
Trinitron display 28. See also
monitor, screen
troubleshooting. See also customer
support hotline; Guide menu
arrow pointer doesn’t move 47, 56–57
blinking question mark 8, 52, 63, 72
“bomb” message 47, 49, 56
can’t find an application program 60
can’t start an application program 59
can’t start up from the hard disk 62
clock is inaccurate 51
diagnosing problems 48
Disk First Aid problems 68
ejecting floppy disks 84
error messages 47–48
“frozen” screen 47, 49, 56–57
hard disk icon doesn’t appear on the
desktop 62
icons don’t appear correctly 54
interference on screen, television,
or radio 82
keyboard connections 58
mouse connections 57
not enough memory 59
repairing disks 54, 68
“sad Macintosh” icon 53
screen is dark 51
SCSI device connections 52
starting up from a CD-ROM disc 65
starting up from a floppy disk 53
system software 8, 52, 54
testing a hard disk with Apple HD SC
Setup 66
turning on the computer 9
typing produces nothing on screen 58
unreadable floppy disks 55
using documents created from DOS
computers 60, 61
using floppy disks formatted for DOS
computers 55
where to find answers 14, 47

104

Index

turning off the computer 2, 13, 88, 96.
See also power switch
turning on the computer 7–9, 13, 96
tutorial 11–12
typing. See keyboard

U
unlocking a floppy disk 43
unreadable floppy disks 55
updating the backup copy of a hard
disk 42–44
Utilities disk
Apple HD SC Setup 66, 70
Apple Restore 45
Disk First Aid 67–68
starting the computer from 53, 65

V
ventilation for computer equipment 81
virtual memory 59
volume control. See sound control
buttons

W
warranty on your computer 87
windows. See also Macintosh
Guide window
defined 12
hiding and showing on the desktop 38
work area, arranging 77–78
wrist pain from keyboard use 75, 76, 79

X, Y, Z
X on disk icon 53



Apple Computer, Inc.
1 Infinite Loop
Cupertino, California 95014-2084
408.996.1010
TLX 171-576

030-6355-A
Printed in U.S.A.



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