Apple MacintoshPerforma 0306355BPRF500UG User Manual Macintosh Performa500series User\'s Guide

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User Manual: Apple MacintoshPerforma MacintoshPerforma500series-User\'sGuide

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Macintosh Performa

User’s Guide

Includes setup, troubleshooting, and important health-related

information for Macintosh Performa 500 series computers

K Apple Computer, Inc.

Under the copyright laws, this manual may not be copied, in whole or in part, without the

written consent of Apple. Your rights to the software are governed by the accompanying

software license agreement.

The Apple logo is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the U.S. and other

countries. Use of the “keyboard” Apple logo (Option-Shift-K) for commercial purposes without

the prior written consent of Apple may constitute trademark infringement and unfair

competition in violation of federal and state laws.

Every effort has been made to ensure that the information in this manual is accurate. Apple is

not responsible for printing or clerical errors.

Apple Computer, Inc.

1 Infinite Loop

Cupertino, CA 95014-2084

(408) 996-1010

Apple, the Apple logo, Apple SuperDrive, AppleTalk, EtherTalk, LaserWriter, Macintosh,

MacTCP, and Performa are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the U.S. and

other countries.

Apple Backup, Apple Desktop Bus, Apple Restore, AppleScript, Balloon Help, Disk First Aid,

Extensions Manager, Finder, and Macintosh PC Exchange, PowerTalk, and QuickDraw are

trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc.

Adobe, Adobe Illustrator, Adobe Photoshop, and PostScript are trademarks of Adobe Systems

Incorporated, which may be registered in certain jurisdictions.

ExposurePro is a registered trademark of Baseline Publishing, Inc.

Helvetica and Times are registered trademarks of Linotype Company.

IBM is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corporation.

QMS is a registered trademark of QMS, Inc.

QuarkXPress is a registered trademark of Quark, Inc.

SuperPaint is a registered trademark of Aldus Corporation.

Tektronix is a registered trademark of Tektronix, Inc.

Trinitron is a trademark of Sony Corporation, registered in the U.S. and other countries.

Simultaneously published in the United States and Canada.

Mention of third-party products is for informational purposes only and constitutes neither an

endorsement nor a recommendation. Apple assumes no responsibility with regard to the

performance or use of these products.

The Apple Publishing System

This Apple manual was written, edited, and produced on a desktop publishing system using

Apple Macintosh computers and QuarkXPress. Technical illustrations were drawn in Adobe™

Illustrator; screen shots were created and modified with system software, ExposurePro, Aldus

SuperPaint, and Adobe Photoshop. Proof pages were created on Apple LaserWriter printers and

on QMS and Tektronix color printers. Final pages were output directly to separated film on a

PostScript™-driven imagesetter.

Text type is Times®, display type is Helvetica®Narrow, and cover type is Apple Garamond,

Apple’s corporate font. Ornaments are custom symbols designed for Apple Computer.

PostScript, the LaserWriter page-description language, was developed by Adobe Systems

Incorporated.

iii

Communications regulation information vi

1 Getting Started 1

Plugging in the computer 1

Installing an expansion card 3

Connecting the mouse and keyboard 4

Connecting other equipment 6

Turning the computer on for the first time 7

What’s next? 10

Learning the basics 11

Reviewing the basics 12

Turning the computer off 13

Turning the computer on 13

Where to find answers 14

2 Getting Help 15

Getting answers to your questions 16

Identifying objects on the screen 24

Learning useful shortcuts 25

Contents

3 Expanding Your Computer and Using Special Features 27

Your computer at a glance 28

Where to connect additional equipment 29

Using the sound control buttons on your computer 30

Using the screen control buttons on your computer 31

Using the built-in microphone 32

Connecting to a network 33

Expanding memory 34

Installing internal drives 34

4 Using Programs and Backing Up Disks 35

Installing application programs 36

Working with several programs at a time 37

Protecting the information on a disk 38

Restoring the information on your hard disk 44

5 Troubleshooting 47

When you have questions 47

When you run into trouble 47

Solutions to common problems 51

Repairing a damaged disk 62

Initializing a hard disk 69

Installing or reinstalling system software 72

iv Contents

Appendix A Health, Safety, and Maintenance Tips 75

Health-related information about computer use 75

Safety instructions 80

Handling your computer equipment 81

Cleaning your equipment 85

Appendix B Installing an Expansion Card 87

Opening the computer 88

Installing the card 91

Closing the computer 93

Appendix C Special Keys on Your Keyboard 95

Index 97

Contents

vi Communications Regulation Information

Communications regulation information

FCC statement

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device

in accordance with the specifications in Part 15 of FCC rules. See instructions if interference to

radio or television reception is suspected.

Radio and television interference

The equipment described in this manual generates, uses, and can radiate radio-frequency

energy. If it is not installed and used properly—that is, in strict accordance with Apple’s

instructions—it may cause interference with radio and television reception.

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device

in accordance with the specifications in Part 15 of FCC rules. These specifications are designed

to provide reasonable protection against such interference in a residential installation. However,

there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation.

You can determine whether your computer system is causing interference by turning it off. If

the interference stops, it was probably caused by the computer or one of the peripheral devices.

If your computer system does cause interference to radio or television reception, try to correct

the interference by using one or more of the following measures:

mTurn the television or radio antenna until the interference stops.

mMove the computer to one side or the other of the television or radio.

mMove the computer farther away from the television or radio.

mPlug the computer into an outlet that is on a different circuit from the television or radio.

(That is, make certain the computer and the television or radio are on circuits controlled by

different circuit breakers or fuses.)

If necessary, consult an Apple-authorized service provider or Apple. See the service and support

information that came with your Apple product. Or, consult an experienced radio/television

technician for additional suggestions. You may find the following booklet helpful: Interference

Handbook (stock number 004-000-00493-1). This booklet, prepared by the Federal

Communications Commission, is available from the U.S. Government Printing Office,

Washington, DC 20402.

IMPORTANT

Changes or modifications to this product not authorized by Apple Computer, Inc.,

could void the FCC Certification and negate your authority to operate the product.

This product was tested for FCC compliance under conditions that included the use of Apple

peripheral devices and Apple shielded cables and connectors between system components. It is

important that you use Apple peripheral devices and shielded cables and connectors between

system components to reduce the possibility of causing interference to radios, television sets,

and other electronic devices. You can obtain Apple peripheral devices and the proper shielded

cables and connectors through an Apple-authorized dealer. For non-Apple peripheral devices,

contact the manufacturer or dealer for assistance.

DOC statement

DOC Class B Compliance This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class B limits for radio

noise emissions from digital apparatus as set out in the interference-causing equipment standard

entitled “Digital Apparatus,” ICES-003 of the Department of Communications.

Observation des normes—Classe B Cet appareil numérique respecte les limites de bruits

radioélectriques applicables aux appareils numériques de Classe B prescrites dans la norme

sur le matériel brouilleur : “Appareils Numériques”, NMB-003 édictée par le ministre des

Communications.

VCCI statement

CD-ROM drive

WARNING

Making adjustments or performing procedures other than those specified in your

equipment’s manual may result in hazardous exposure.

WARNING

Do not attempt to disassemble the cabinet containing the laser. The laser beam used in

this product is harmful to the eyes. The use of optical instruments, such as magnifying lenses,

with this product increases the potential hazard to your eyes. For your safety, have this

equipment serviced only by an Apple-authorized service provider.

If you have an internal Apple CD-ROM drive in your computer, your computer is a Class 1

laser product. The Class 1 label, located on the computer, indicates that the drive meets

minimum safety requirements. A service warning label is on the CD-ROM drive inside the

computer.

vii

Communications Regulation Information

Keyboard

Macintosh Performa computer

Optional security screws

Keyboard cable

(built into the keyboard)

Computer power cordMouse

Keyboard and keyboard cable

Your computer may

come with either of

these keyboards,

depending on which

Performa model

you have.

The illustration on the facing page shows all the equipment you will need to

set up your computer and begin using it. Place your equipment on a sturdy,

flat surface near a grounded wall outlet. Before following the setup

instructions in this chapter, you may want to read “Arranging Your Office”

in Appendix A (in the section on health-related information) for tips on

adjusting your work furniture so that you’re comfortable when using the

computer.

Plugging in the computer

Before you plug your Macintosh into a wall socket (and before you connect

anything else to your Macintosh), carefully read all the setup instructions in

this chapter. Then, begin by plugging in the computer according to the

instructions that follow. The plug grounds the computer and protects it from

electrical damage while you are setting up.

1Getting Started

Follow the instructions in this

chapter to set up your computer

and learn the basics.

When you are ready to begin, follow these steps:

1Plug the socket end of the power cord into the recessed power plug (marked with the

symbol

≤

) on the back of the computer.

Make sure at least one end of the power cord is within easy reach so that you

can unplug the computer when you need to.

IMPORTANT

To protect both yourself and the computer from electrical

hazards, the computer should remain turned off until you are finished

connecting its parts. Check the power switch at the back of the computer.

Make sure that the bottom of the switch (marked with the j symbol) is

pressed in.

Power switch

“Off” position

2Chapter 1

Getting Started

2Plug the other end of the power cord into a three-hole grounded outlet or power strip.

Installing an expansion card

If you purchased an expansion card separately from your Macintosh, install it

now. (See Appendix B, “Installing an Expansion Card,” for instructions.) If

you don’t have an expansion card, continue with the next section, “Connecting

the Mouse and Keyboard.”

WARNING

This equipment is intended to be electrically grounded. Your

Macintosh is equipped with a three-wire grounding plug—a plug that

has a third (grounding) pin. This plug will fit only a grounded AC

outlet. This is a safety feature. If you are unable to insert the plug into

the outlet, contact a licensed electrician to replace the outlet with a

properly grounded outlet. Do not defeat the purpose of the grounding

plug!

Socket end of the

power cord

Power

cord plug

Connecting the mouse and keyboard

You have a choice of several keyboards for your Macintosh. The way you

connect the mouse and keyboard depends on whether the keyboard has a

separate cable or a built-in cable.

Connecting a keyboard with a built-in cable

1Plug the mouse cable into the recessed port on the back of the keyboard.

The plug and the port are marked with the ◊icon (symbol). The positions of

the port and icon on your keyboard may be different from those pictured.

By the way: A port marked with the ◊icon is called an Apple Desktop Bus

(ADB) port.

2Plug the keyboard cable into the port marked with the

◊

icon on the back of the

computer.

Some monitors have a port to which you can connect the keyboard or mouse.

See the information that came with your monitor.

This cable plugs into the Apple Desktop Bus (ADB) port

on the back of the computer. The ADB port on the

computer is marked with the

◊

icon.

Plug the mouse all the way into the recessed

port on the keyboard. The flat part of the plug

should be pointing down, as shown here.

4Chapter 1

Connecting a keyboard with a separate cable

1Plug the mouse cable into the port on either side of the keyboard.

Most right-handed people prefer to use the mouse with their right hand; most

left-handed people prefer to use their left hand. Plug the mouse into the port

on the side you prefer.

The plug and the port are marked with the ◊icon (symbol). Align the

symbols before you insert the plug. (The positions of the port and icon on

your keyboard may be different from those pictured here.)

By the way: A port marked with the ◊icon is called an Apple Desktop Bus

(ADB) port.

2Plug the keyboard cable (both ends are the same) into the other port on the keyboard.

If you plugged the mouse cable in on the right, for example, plug the keyboard

cable in on the left.

3Plug the keyboard cable into the port marked with the

◊

icon on the back of the

computer.

Some monitors have a port to which you can connect the keyboard or mouse.

See the information that came with your monitor.

ADB port

This icon is on both

the cable and the port.

Getting Started

Connecting other equipment

If you are new to the Macintosh, it’s a good idea to get some experience using

your computer before you connect other equipment, such as a printer or

scanner. To learn basic Macintosh skills, continue with the instructions in this

chapter.

When you’re ready to connect other equipment to your Macintosh, see the

instructions in Chapter 3.

6Chapter 1

Getting Started

Turning the computer on for the first time

To turn the computer on for the first time, follow these steps:

1Press the top of the power switch at the back of the computer. The top of the switch is

marked with the symbol

2Press the Power key (marked with a triangle) on your keyboard.

3Check to see what’s on your screen.

mIf you see the Macintosh desktop, as in the illustration below, your system

software has already been installed, and your computer is ready to use.

Skip now to the section “What’s Next?” later in this chapter.

mIf you see a blinking question mark, you need to install system software on

your computer’s hard disk. (System software is the set of programs your

computer uses to start itself up.) See “Installing or Reinstalling System

Software” in Chapter 5 for information on how to install system software.

mIf you see anything else on your screen, or nothing at all, see the next

section, “Problems Turning Your Computer On?”

8Chapter 1

Macintosh desktop

Hard disk icon

Getting Started

Problems turning your computer on?

If the screen is dark, check these items to see if you can identify the

problem:

mIs the computer turned on? The power-on light on the front of the

computer should be on. Make sure the top of the power switch on the

back of the computer is pressed in.

mIs the power cord connected to the computer, and is the cord plugged

into a power source?

mIf the computer is plugged into a power strip, is the power strip

turned on?

mAre the keyboard and mouse cables connected correctly? (Don’t

disconnect the keyboard or mouse cable while the computer is on.

You could damage your equipment.)

mIs the brightness control on the monitor (marked with the ¤icon)

turned down?

mIf you have an external hard disk attached to your computer, is that

hard disk turned on? Was it turned on before you turned on the

computer? If you’re not sure, turn everything off. Then turn on the

external hard disk before you turn on your computer.

If you see a blinking question mark on the screen, you probably need to

install system software. See “Installing or Reinstalling System

Software” in Chapter 5.

What’s next?

Congratulations! You’ve finished setting up your computer. Now continue

with one of the following steps:

mIf you are new to the Macintosh, turn to the next section, “Learning the

Basics.”

mIf you are an experienced Macintosh user, turn to Chapter 2, “Getting

Help,” to learn about Macintosh Guide, your main source of information

when you’re working with the Macintosh.

mIf you want to connect other equipment, such as a printer, to your

computer, see Chapter 3, “Expanding Your Computer and Using Special

Features.”

Before you begin working with your computer, be sure to read the important

health and safety information in Appendix A.

IMPORTANT

If you need to turn off your computer at any point, please see

“Turning the Computer Off” later in this chapter. It is very important to use

the correct procedure for shutting down your Macintosh before turning it off.

10 Chapter 1

Getting Started

Learning the basics

If you are new to the Macintosh, you should begin by looking at the

easy-to-use program called the Performa Tutorial. The two-part tutorial

teaches you the basic skills you’ll need to use your computer. To start the

tutorial, follow these steps:

1Slide your mouse along your mouse pad or desk.

Hold the mouse as shown, with the cable pointing away from you. Don’t press

the mouse button (under your index finger). Notice that the arrow (8) on the

screen moves in the same direction that you move the mouse.

If the arrow doesn’t move, make sure that the cables connecting the mouse

and keyboard are secure and that your mouse is positioned as shown in the

illustration.

2Move the mouse so that the arrow is over the button labeled “Performa Tutorial.”

If you don’t see the picture for the Performa Tutorial on your screen, put the

arrow on the word “Learning” and click (press and release) the mouse button.

12 Chapter 1

If you run out of room on your mouse pad or desk while moving the mouse,

pick up the mouse and place it where there’s more room. (The arrow on the

screen moves only when the mouse is in contact with the mouse pad or desk.)

3Without moving the mouse, click the mouse button.

A window appears welcoming you to the tutorial. You can set this book aside

for now and follow the instructions on the screen. When you have completed

both parts of the tutorial, return to this book.

Reviewing the basics

The following illustration summarizes many of the basic skills and terms you

learned from the tutorial.

To throw away an item you

no longer want, drag it to the

Trash and choose Empty

Trash from the Special menu.

This icon represents your

computer’s internal hard disk.

To change the size or shape of

a window, drag the size box.

To bring hidden portions of a

window’s contents into view,

click the scroll arrows.

The strip across the

top of the screen is

called the menu bar.

The symbols and

words in it represent

menus of commands.

Icons are small pictures

that represent disks,

folders, programs, and

documents. To open

an icon, click the

icon twice quickly.

Windows are boxes

that display text,

graphics, or icons. To

bring a partially

covered window to the

front, click anywhere

in the window.

To close a window,

click the close box.

You can have several application

programs open at once. To see which

program is active or to switch from

one program to another, use this

menu (called the Application menu).

To find an answer to

a question, look in the

Guide (

) menu.

To move a window,

drag it by the title bar.

Getting Started

Turning the computer off

To turn the computer off, you choose Shut Down from the Apple (K) menu.

Detailed instructions follow. (Note: The Shut Down command is also

available in the Special menu.)

1 Move the tip of the arrow to the Apple (

) menu at the top left of the screen.

2With the tip of the arrow on the apple, press and hold down the mouse button.

3While holding down the mouse button, move the arrow down the list of choices until the

words “Shut Down” are highlighted, then release the mouse button.

You can also shut down your computer from the keyboard.

1Press the Power key (marked with a triangle) on the keyboard.

You will see a message asking whether you want to shut down or continue

working.

2Click Shut Down.

To turn the computer on, simply press the Power key again.

Turning the computer on

To turn on the computer after you’ve shut it down with either the menu

command or the keyboard:

Press the Power key (marked with a triangle) on the keyboard.

Leave the power switch on the back of your computer in the “on” position

(with the top part of the switch, marked with the symbol i, pressed in).

14 Chapter 1

Where to find answers

When you have questions about using your Macintosh, there are several

places you can look for answers.

In this book

Use this book to help you set up your computer and learn about it,

or to find solutions to problems.

In the Guide menu

The Guide menu (marked with the

icon) is your main source

of information about the Macintosh. To learn how to get different

kinds of help from the Guide menu, see Chapter 2 in this book.

In other manuals

For answers to questions about other equipment or about

application programs you have purchased, see the manuals

that came with the equipment or programs.

From Apple’s customer support hotline

If you can’t find an answer in any of the materials provided, call the

customer support hotline. (The phone number for the hotline is in

the service and support information that came with your computer.)

User’s Guide

Macintosh Performa

The Guide menu is your main source of information when you’re working

with your computer. The menu is identified by a question mark (h) in the

upper-right corner of the screen.

2Getting Help

Use the instructions in this

chapter to learn about the help

available to you in the Guide menu.

Getting answers to your questions

When you have a question while working with your computer, you can get the

answer by choosing Macintosh Guide from the Guide menu.

1Pull down the Application menu (in the upper-right corner of the screen) and choose

Finder to make it the active application program.

A checkmark in the menu indicates that the Finder is the active program.

2Pull down the Guide menu (marked with the

icon) and choose Macintosh Guide.

The Macintosh Guide window appears.

Whenever you use Macintosh Guide, its window remains in front of other

windows. If the window gets in your way, you can move it by dragging its

title bar (the gray bar across the top of the window).

16 Chapter 2

3Notice the three buttons at the top of the window: Topics, Index, and Look For.

Macintosh Guide gives you three ways of finding information:

Topics

lets you choose from a list of general subjects; it is like the table of

contents in a book.

Index

lets you choose from an alphabetical list of more specific subjects; it

is like the index in a book.

Look For

lets you search for information related to a specific word or phrase

that you type.

In the following sections you will practice using each method.

If you have problems while using Macintosh Guide, see “Tips for Using

Macintosh Guide” later in this chapter.

Getting answers with the Topics button

1 In the Macintosh Guide window, click the Topics button.

A list of general topics appears on the left side of the Macintosh Guide

window. (Depending on the hardware and software you have, the list of topics

may look different.)

Getting Help

2Click “Setting Options” in the list of topics.

When you click any topic area, a list of related questions appears on the right

side of the Macintosh Guide window.

3Click the question “How do I set the time and date?” and then click OK. Or double-click

the question.

A small window appears with instructions for you to follow.

4 Read and follow the instructions in this window.

Macintosh Guide provides step-by-step instructions to answer the question

you selected. When you have completed each step, click the right arrow in the

lower-right corner to see the next step.

5When you have completed all the steps, click the Topics button in the lower-left corner to

return to the main Macintosh Guide window.

Now continue with the next section.

18 Chapter 2

Click here to see the next

step (if there is one).

To get instructions,

click a question…

…and then click OK.

If you want to

return to the main

Macintosh Guide

window, click here.

Getting answers with the Index button

1 In the Macintosh Guide window, click the Index button.

An alphabetical list of subjects appears on the left side of the window.

2Scroll through the alphabetical list until the phrase “background pattern” is visible.

You can scroll through the list either by dragging the slider to the letter Bor

by using the scroll bar at the right of the list.

3Click the phrase “background pattern” in the alphabetical list.

When you click any index entry, a list of related questions appears on the

right side of the Macintosh Guide window.

Getting Help

Scroll bar

Slider

To get instructions,

click a question…

…and then click OK.

4Click the question “How do I change the background pattern?” and then click OK. Or

double-click the question.

A small window appears with instructions for you to follow.

5 Read and follow the instructions in the window.

Macintosh Guide provides step-by-step instructions to answer the question

you selected. When you have completed each step, click the right arrow in the

lower-right corner to see the next step.

6When you have completed all the steps, click the Topics button in the lower-left corner to

return to the main Macintosh Guide window.

Now continue with the next section.

20 Chapter 2

Click here to see the next

step (if there is one).

If you want to

return to the main

Macintosh Guide

window, click here.

Getting answers with the Look For button

1 In the Macintosh Guide window, click the Look For button.

A small box appears on the left side of the window, where you can type text.

2 Click the arrow button to activate the text box.

3Type “sound” in the text box and then click Search.

When you click Search, a list of questions related to the word or phrase you

typed appears on the right side of the Macintosh Guide window.

Getting Help

To activate the text

box, click here.

Type a word or phrase

in the text box…

…and then click here.

To get instructions,

click a question…

…and then click OK.

4Click the question “How do I change the beep sound?” and then click OK. Or double-

click the question.

A small window appears with instructions for you to follow.

5 Read and follow the instructions in the window.

Macintosh Guide provides step-by-step instructions to answer the question

you selected. When you have completed each step, click the right arrow in the

lower-right corner to display the next step.

6When you have completed all the steps, click the close box in the upper-left corner to

close Macintosh Guide.

22 Chapter 2

If you want to close

Macintosh Guide,

click here.

Click here to see the next

step (if there is one).

Tips for using Macintosh Guide

Here are a few tips for using Macintosh Guide effectively:

mMacintosh Guide is available only when you are in the Finder—the

desktop area where you can see the icons of disks, folders, and files.

(Other programs may also have help available in the Guide menu,

however.) If you don’t see Macintosh Guide in the Guide menu, pull

down the Application menu (to the right of the Guide menu) and

choose Finder.

mFollow the steps when you’re instructed to; don’t skip ahead or read

ahead. That way the computer can check to make sure you’ve done a

step correctly.

mUnlike most windows, the Macintosh Guide window stays in front of

other windows on the screen so that your instructions are never

covered. If you need to move the Guide window out of the way, drag

it by the title bar at the top of the window.

You can also move the window out of the way by clicking the zoom

box. Click the box once to shrink the window; click it a second time

to expand the window to its original size.

mIf you need more information about an instruction or a term, click the

button labeled “Huh?” to get further explanation. (The “Huh?” button

is dimmed when no additional information is available.)

mIf you want to return to the main Macintosh Guide window, click the

Topics button in the lower-left corner of the Guide window.

mWhen you’re finished using Macintosh Guide, click the close box in

the upper-left corner of the window.

Getting Help

Zoom box

Title bar

Close box

“Huh?” button

Topics button Right arrow

Identifying objects on the screen

Sometimes you’ll see an unfamiliar item on the screen and ask yourself,

“What’s that?” You can get an answer by using a Macintosh feature known as

Balloon Help.

Balloon Help explains the function of icons, menus, commands, and other

items on the Macintosh screen in balloons like those you see in comic strips.

Follow these steps to use Balloon Help:

1Pull down the Guide menu (marked with the

icon) and choose Show Balloons.

2Point to any object on the screen that you want to identify.

A balloon appears next to the object. In the following illustration, for

example, pointing to the Trash displays a balloon that explains how to use the

Trash to throw items away.

Although balloons appear next to items when you point to them, the way

you work does not change; you can still select icons, choose commands, and

so on.

3When you’re finished using Balloon Help, choose Hide Balloons from the Guide menu.

24 Chapter 2

Learning useful shortcuts

You can perform many tasks in the Finder more quickly if you use keyboard

or mouse shortcuts. For example, instead of clicking an icon and choosing

Open from the File menu, you can simply double-click the icon to open it.

Follow these steps to learn keyboard and mouse shortcuts:

1Pull down the Guide menu (marked with the

icon) and choose Shortcuts.

The main Macintosh Shortcuts window appears.

2 Click one of the category buttons.

Another window appears, describing shortcuts for that category.

Getting Help

If you want to

close the window,

click here.

Click here to see the next

window (if there is one).

Click here to return to

the main Macintosh

Shortcuts window for

more categories.

3 Read about the shortcuts available for the category you selected.

Click the right arrow in the lower-right corner of the window to display the

next window (if there is one).

4When you finish reading about the shortcuts for your category, click the Topics button in

the lower-left corner to return to the main Macintosh Shortcuts window. Or click the

close box in the upper-left corner to close the window.

26 Chapter 2

Read this chapter to learn how to connect additional equipment to your

Macintosh. Also read this chapter to learn about some of the special features

of your Macintosh:

musing the sound control buttons

musing the screen control buttons

musing the built-in microphone

mconnecting to a network

3Expanding Your Computer

and Using Special Features

Read this chapter for information on

expanding your computer system

with additional hardware and using

special features of your computer.

Your computer at a glance

This illustration shows a basic Macintosh Performa 500 series system. You

can expand your computer system by connecting additional hardware (such as

a printer, modem, or scanner).

Mouse

Built-in microphone Color Trinitron display

Supports up to

thousands of colors.

Headphone jack

Floppy disk drive

Sound control buttons

Use these buttons to

change the volume of

the computer’s sound.

Screen control

buttons

Use these buttons

to lighten or darken

your screen.

Keyboard

(Your keyboard may look

different from the one pictured here.)

CD-ROM drive

Power-on light

A green light

indicates that the

computer is on.

CD-ROM drive

Open/Close button

Power key

Use this key to turn your

computer on and off.

Stereo speakers

28 Chapter 3

Where to connect additional equipment

The illustration on this page shows where equipment should be connected to

your computer.

For instructions on connecting equipment such as a printer or scanner, see

the manual that came with the equipment.

Power switch

SCSI port

Connects your Macintosh

to SCSI equipment, such as

hard disk drives, scanners,

and printers.

Expansion card access cover

Covers port for optional expansion card.

(The back of your computer may look

slightly different.)

≤

Power plug Hard disk drive (internal)

[

Printer port

Modem port

Sound output port

Connects your Macintosh to sound

output equipment, such as headphones.

Sound input port

Connects your Macintosh

to another audio source

such as a compact disc or

audio cassette player.

≈

Hole for optional

security screw

You can use the screws

that came with your

computer to secure the

back panel (so that a

screwdriver is required to

open the computer).

Additional

communications

port cover

Covers port for optional

high-speed networking or

communications card

(only on the 570 series).

ADB port

Connects your Macintosh

to an input device, such as

a keyboard or a trackball.

(The 550 series has two

ADB ports.)

Expanding Your Computer and Using Special Features

Using the sound control buttons on your computer

There are two sets of buttons on the front of your Macintosh. The set on the

right (marked with the -icon) is for sound control. You can use these buttons

to increase or decrease the volume of the sound your Macintosh plays:

mPress the button at the top to make the sound louder.

mPress the button on the bottom to make the sound softer.

You can also adjust the sound by using the Sound control panel. For more

information about adjusting sound, see the “Sound” topic of Macintosh

Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.

Sound

control buttons

30 Chapter 3

Using the screen control buttons on your computer

You can adjust the level of light and dark on the screen of your built-in

monitor by using the screen control buttons on your computer (marked with

the ¸icon).

mPress the button at the top to lighten your screen.

mPress the button at the bottom to darken your screen.

Screen

control buttons

Expanding Your Computer and Using Special Features

Using the built-in microphone

Your Macintosh comes with a built-in microphone for recording live sounds.

The microphone is highly sensitive. Once you’ve turned it on (which you do

with a sound-recording application program), it can pick up sounds within a

range of several feet. For information on recording sound, see the “Sound”

topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.

WARNING

Do not stick any small objects into the built-in microphone.

Doing so may damage your equipment.

Built-in

microphone

32 Chapter 3

Connecting to a network

If your computer has an optional Ethernet card, you can connect your

Macintosh to any standard high-speed Ethernet network. You can connect

your Macintosh to an existing Ethernet network that uses thin coaxial cables,

10BASE-T twisted pair cables, thick coaxial cables, or other standard cables.

You may need to purchase an appropriate Apple Ethernet media adapter or

other compatible media adapter to connect your Macintosh to a network.

(Consult the service and support information that came with your computer

for instructions on how to contact an Apple-authorized service provider or

Apple for more information on Apple Ethernet media adapters.)

To use Ethernet, you need to change the network connection in the Network

control panel. (For instructions on how to select a network connection and

other information about using your Macintosh on a network, see the

“Networks & Telecommunications” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the

Guide [h] menu.)

IMPORTANT

Your Macintosh supports EtherTalk Phase 2 (AppleTalk Phase 2

protocols for Ethernet networks) and TCP/IP (via MacTCP software).

Non-Apple products that you can use to communicate over Ethernet using

protocols are also available. Your Macintosh does not support EtherTalk

Phase 1 (AppleTalk Phase 1 protocols for Ethernet networks).

CAUTION

The use of an Ethernet card will make your Macintosh a

Class A computing device, according to FCC regulations.

Expanding Your Computer and Using Special Features

34 Chapter 3

Expanding memory

The random-access memory (RAM) in your computer can be expanded.

Installing additional RAM adds more memory chips to your computer and

expands its capabilities. The Technical Information booklet that came with

your computer describes how much additional memory can be installed in

your Macintosh.

Memory for your computer is provided in packages called Single Inline

Memory Modules (SIMMs). The SIMMs must be the correct type for your

computer and should be installed in pairs of the same size into paired slots.

It is very important that the SIMMs be correctly installed in your Macintosh.

Incorrect installation can result in errors, unpredictable results, and damage

to your equipment and data.

Installing internal drives

Your Macintosh can hold up to three internal storage devices, including a

floppy disk drive, a CD-ROM (compact disc read-only memory) drive, and

a hard disk drive (several capacities are available). These drives may already

be installed. If you want to add or replace an internal drive, see your Apple-

authorized dealer.

WARNING

To avoid damage to your computer, Apple recommends that

only an Apple-certified technician install additional RAM. Consult the

service and support information that came with your computer for

instructions on how to contact an Apple-authorized service provider or

Apple for service. If you attempt to install additional RAM yourself, any

damage you may cause to your equipment will not be covered by the

limited warranty on your computer. See an Apple-authorized dealer or

service provider for information about this or any other warranty

question.

Your computer came installed with several ready-to-use application programs.

You can open these programs by clicking their buttons in the Launcher.

The Apple Extras folder on your hard disk (or the Macintosh Performa CD)

contains other programs (some of which must be installed before they will

work), including the following:

mAppleScript. Macintosh Guide requires that AppleScript be on your hard

disk. With AppleScript you can automate tasks in the Finder and other

scriptable programs (programs that support AppleScript). Instructions for

using AppleScript are included in the AppleScript folder.

mQuickDraw GX gives your computer more powerful printing and font

capabilities. You’ll want to install QuickDraw GX if you purchased another

program that requires it. If your computer has at least 8 megabytes of

random-access memory (RAM), you can install QuickDraw GX by

opening the QuickDraw GX folder and double-clicking the Installer icon.

mPowerTalk provides an open collaboration environment with a universal

mailbox and other electronic mail services. You’ll want to install PowerTalk

if you purchased another program that requires it. If your computer has at

least 8 megabytes of RAM, you can install PowerTalk by opening the

PowerTalk folder and double-clicking the Installer icon.

4Using Programs and Backing Up Disks

Read this chapter to learn how to work

with application programs and protect

the information on your disks.

Installing application programs

You’ll probably want to buy and install additional application programs. See

the manuals you receive with your programs for instructions on installing and

using them.

In most cases, you’ll install an application program on your internal hard disk

from floppy disks that contain the program. The following illustration shows

how to insert a floppy disk in your computer’s floppy disk drive.

For instructions on how to eject floppy disks, see the “Disks” topic of

Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.

To use your programs most effectively, follow these guidelines:

mPut only one copy of each program on your hard disk. Having more than

one copy can cause errors.

mWhenever you copy a program disk to your hard disk, be careful not to

copy a System Folder. Always check to see what you’ve copied, and drag

any extra System Folders to the Trash.

mIf you have problems using a program, read the manuals you received with

the program.

mIf a program malfunctions consistently, try installing a fresh copy. If that

doesn’t help, find out from the software manufacturer whether your version

of the program is compatible with the system software you’re using.

For instructions on how to put a program into the Launcher, see the

“Launcher” index topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.

Insert the floppy disk, metal

end first, into the floppy disk

drive of your computer.

36 Chapter 4

Working with several programs at a time

You can open as many application programs and desk accessories as your

computer’s memory allows.

All open programs are listed in the Application menu at the right end of the

menu bar. The name of the active program (the one you’re using right now)

has a checkmark next to it, and its icon appears in the menu bar.

Finding out which programs are open

If you have several programs and windows open, you can find out which

program is active and which other programs are open by pulling down the

Application menu.

Switching programs

You can switch to another open program or desk accessory by choosing its

name from the Application menu.

If a program’s icon is dimmed in the menu, that means its windows are

hidden. Choosing the program from the Application menu displays its

windows.

You can also switch to another program by clicking in a window that belongs

to an open program, or by double-clicking a program icon (or the icon of a

document that was created with the program).

Using Programs and Backing Up Disks

The Finder icon

Commands to hide or

display open windows

Open programs

A checkmark

indicates the active

program.

Hiding and showing windows on the desktop

You can hide all windows except those of the active program by choosing

Hide Others from the Application menu.

The other programs remain open even though their windows are hidden.

When you switch to another program, its windows become visible again.

If you want to see all the open windows, choose Show All from the

Application menu.

Protecting the information on a disk

Your computer’s hard disk comes with a lot of valuable information already

stored on it, including system software and some application programs. If

you had a valuable document like a birth certificate, you’d probably make

an extra copy of it for safekeeping. Similarly, you should make a copy of the

information on your hard disk for safekeeping. (The extra copy is called a

backup, and the process of making the copy is called backing up.)

Once you have a backup, you’re protected from accidentally losing the

information on your hard disk. In the unlikely event that something happens

to your hard disk, you can easily get the information back.

Backing up your files

You can back up the work you store on a hard disk by copying individual files

to another disk in the usual way (dragging the files’ icons to the icon of the

other disk). You can back up the contents of an entire floppy disk by dragging

its icon to another floppy disk or hard disk icon.

If your computer has a CD-ROM drive, you also received the Macintosh

Performa CD, which contains a backup copy of all the software that came

with your computer. You should make backup copies of the documents you

create. If you alter the contents of your System Folder, you may also want to

use Apple Backup and Apple Restore to preserve the contents of your hard

disk. (See the following sections for instructions on using Apple Backup and

Apple Restore.)

38 Chapter 4

If your computer does not have a CD-ROM drive, use the application program

Apple Backup to copy the entire contents of your Macintosh hard disk to

floppy disks. Keeping this backup copy up-to-date will protect you in case

information on your hard disk is accidentally lost or damaged. You should

update your backup copy at least once a month, and in between full backups

you should store copies of important documents on floppy disks.

If something happens to the information on your hard disk, you can use the

backup copy you made to put the information back to your hard disk. To do

this, you use the Apple Restore program that came with your Macintosh.

(See the following sections for instructions on using Apple Backup and Apple

Restore.)

It’s a good idea to keep two sets of backup copies, and to alternate between

them (using one set one month, and the other the next) when updating your

backup copy. This protects you from losing files in the unlikely event that a

problem damages the files on both your internal hard disk and your backup

set of floppy disks.

You can also purchase a backup program with additional features that make

copying faster. (For example, some programs have a feature that lets you copy

only the new and changed information on your hard disk.)

Using Programs and Backing Up DisksUsing Programs and Backing Up Disks

Using Apple Backup for the first time

To use Apple Backup for the first time, follow these steps:

1Click the Applications grouping button in the Launcher.

The buttons for applications available in the Launcher are grouped under the

Applications button.

2Click the Apple Backup button in the Launcher window.

The Apple Backup program opens.

3Click the Continue button.

A message appears, showing you how to identify the high-density floppy

disks you need.

WARNING

Do not attempt to back up your Macintosh with disks that

have been preformatted for an IBM-compatible personal computer.

40 Chapter 4

4Make sure your floppy disks are high-density. Then click the Continue button.

A message appears, telling you how many disks you need to make the copy

and approximately how long it will take. Make sure you have enough time

and disks to complete the copying. If you stop the copying before it’s finished,

you’ll have to start over again from the beginning.

5Click the appropriate button, as follows:

mIf you have enough disks to copy everything, then click the Copy All

Files button.

mIf you have only enough disks to copy the System information, then click

the Copy System Folder button. As soon as you buy more disks, follow the

instructions in this chapter to back up everything.

mIf you don’t have enough disks for either choice, click the Quit button.

6 Insert a high-density floppy disk into the disk drive.

A message tells you when it’s time to insert another floppy disk.

7 Lock each disk as you remove it from the computer, and label it so that you can find it

again later.

To lock a disk, turn it label-side down and use a pen or your fingernail to slide

the tab in the lower-right corner of the disk so that the square hole is open.

(The disk has two square holes, but only one of them has a moveable tab.)

8When a message appears telling you that you’ve finished, store the labeled and locked

floppy disks in a safe, cool place.

Using Programs and Backing Up Disks

Using Apple Backup to update your backup copy

Keeping your backup copy up-to-date will protect you in case information on

your hard disk is accidentally lost or damaged. To make an updated backup

copy, you can use the floppy disks that contain your original backup copy, or

you can preserve your original backup copy and use another set of floppy

disks. If you are using a fresh set of floppy disks, follow the instructions in

the previous section, “Using Apple Backup for the First Time.”

To use Apple Backup to update your backup copy, follow these steps:

1Get the floppy disks that you used to make a previous backup copy.

Have some extra high-density disks on hand in case there is more information

on your hard disk than there was the last time you made a copy.

2 Turn on your Macintosh, if it’s not already on.

3Click the Applications grouping button in the Launcher.

The buttons for applications available in the Launcher are grouped under the

Applications button.

4Click the Apple Backup button in the Launcher window.

The Apple Backup program opens.

42 Chapter 4

5Click the Continue button.

A message appears, showing you how to identify the high-density floppy

disks you need.

6Make sure your floppy disks are high-density. Then click the Continue button.

A message appears, telling you how many disks you will need to copy all files

on your hard disk, or to copy just the System Folder. It also tells you

approximately how long it will take to make the copy.

Copy all files or just the System Folder? Because all the information on your

hard disk is important, it’s recommended that you make a copy of all the

files on the hard disk. But if you don’t have enough disks or time right now

to make a copy of everything, you can choose to make a copy of just the

System Folder.

If you want to be doubly protected, you can make a copy of all files and then

start Apple Backup again and make an extra copy of the System Folder. That

way, if something goes wrong with your System Folder, you can replace it

quickly without having to copy everything back onto your hard disk.

7Click the button that corresponds to your choice.

Make sure you have enough time and disks to complete the copying. If you

stop the copying before it’s done, you’ll have to start over from the beginning.

8Unlock your first backup floppy disk.

To unlock the disk, turn the disk label-side down and use a pen or your

fingernail to slide the tab in the lower-right corner of the disk so that it covers

the square hole. (The disk has two square holes, but only one of them has a

moveable tab.)

9 Insert the disk into the floppy disk drive.

If you did not unlock the disk correctly, it is ejected and a message appears.

Unlock the disk, making sure that the tab snaps into place, and try again.

A message appears, telling you that the disk contains information.

Using Programs and Backing Up Disks

10 Click the Continue button.

If there is a problem with the disk, a message appears. Otherwise, copying

takes place automatically. A sound alerts you when it’s time to insert another

disk.

11 When the disk is ejected, lock and label it.

To lock a disk, turn it label-side down and use a pen or your fingernail to

slide the tab in the lower-right corner of the disk so that the square hole

is open.

12 Repeat steps 7 through 11 for each disk in your stack of backup disks.

Apple Backup lets you know when you’ve finished.

13 Store the disks in a safe, cool place.

Restoring the information on your hard disk

If information on your hard disk becomes damaged or lost, you can restore

it if you have a backup copy of the information. If your computer has a

CD-ROM drive, the Macintosh Performa CD contains copies of all the system

software and application programs that came with your computer. See the

Macintosh Performa CD booklet for instructions on using the Macintosh

Performa CD.

If your computer doesn’t have a CD-ROM drive and you have used Apple

Backup to copy the information on your hard disk to floppy disks, you can use

the Apple Restore program to put that information back on your hard disk.

You can also use Apple Backup and Apple Restore to replace only the System

Folder (the folder that contains the software the Macintosh uses to operate).

See the following section, “Using Apple Restore,” for instructions.

If your computer doesn’t have a CD-ROM drive and you have not used Apple

Backup to back up the contents of your hard disk, call the customer support

hotline. (The phone number for the hotline is in the service and support

information that came with your computer.)

44 Chapter 4

Using Apple Restore

To restore information from the backup floppy disks you made with Apple

Backup, follow these steps:

1 Get the

Utilities

floppy disk that came with your computer and the floppy disks that you

made when you used Apple Backup.

2Make sure your Macintosh is turned off.

3 Insert the

Utilities

floppy disk into the floppy disk drive, then turn on your Macintosh.

It takes several moments for your computer to start up from the Utilities disk.

4 Locate the Apple Restore icon.

5 Open the Apple Restore icon by double-clicking it.

In a moment you’ll see this screen:

6 Read the information on the screen and click the Continue button.

Using Programs and Backing Up Disks

7 Insert your first backup floppy disk.

Restoring proceeds automatically. If there is a problem with the disk, you see

a message describing the problem.

IMPORTANT

If at any time during the restore process you see a message

reporting that the hard disk is damaged or unreadable, see “Repairing a

Damaged Disk” in Chapter 5, “Troubleshooting.”

8 Respond to any messages you see on the screen.

If Apple Restore finds an item on your hard disk that is newer than an item

with the same name on the floppy disk, it asks whether you want the older

version of the item to replace the newer version. Use the following guidelines

to decide whether or not to replace the item:

mIf the item is system software, click Replace Newer Version.

mIf the item is one of your own files, click Keep Newer Version.

mIf, after the restore procedure, you still have problems with the disk, repeat

the restore procedure and, this time, replace all newer items with the older

items.

A sound alerts you when it’s time to insert another disk.

9 When the disk is ejected, lock and label it.

10 Repeat steps 7 through 9 for each disk in your stack of backup disks.

Apple Restore lets you know when you have finished.

11 Store your backup disks in a safe, cool place.

12 Restart your Macintosh and make sure that everything is back on your hard disk.

If the Macintosh does not start up or is not working properly, see “Repairing

a Damaged Disk” in Chapter 5, “Troubleshooting.” If you are able to repair

the disk, then try again to restore the information on your hard disk.

If repairing the disk doesn’t help, you may need to reinstall system software.

See “Installing or Reinstalling System Software” in Chapter 5,

“Troubleshooting.”

46 Chapter 4

Consult this chapter if you experience

problems using your computer.

When you have questions

If you want to know how to do a particular task with your computer, refer to

Macintosh Guide in the Guide (h) menu. For instructions on using

Macintosh Guide, see Chapter 2 of this manual.

When you run into trouble

While you’re using your computer, you may occasionally see a bomb icon

or an error message, or you may have a problem such as the pointer (8)

“freezing” on the screen. If you have trouble with your computer, take a few

minutes to read the information in this chapter. If your problem is related to a

particular procedure, you should also look for information on that procedure

in Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu. For additional

troubleshooting information and a list of common questions relating to your

system software, see the “Troubleshooting” topic of Macintosh Guide.

If you are unable to access Macintosh Guide (for example, if your screen

is “frozen”), refer to this chapter to see if you can resolve the problem.

5Tr oubleshooting

Take your time

When you see an error message, you don’t have to take action immediately.

The message stays on the screen until you click the OK button or turn off the

Macintosh.

To help diagnose and correct the problem, gather as much information on the

situation as you can before starting over.

mMake a note of exactly what you were doing when the problem occurred.

Write down the message on the screen and its ID number (if any). Also list

the programs you were using and the names of any items you know have

been added to the System Folder since the system software was installed.

This information will help a service person diagnose the problem. (It is

helpful to keep a printed copy of the items in your System Folder. For

instructions on printing the contents of a folder, see the “Printing & Fonts”

topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide [h] menu.)

mCheck the screen for any clues. Is a menu selected? What programs and

document icons are open? Note anything else that seems relevant.

mIf you were typing text and were not able to save it before the problem

occurred, you can write down the parts of the text still visible on the

screen so that some of your work will be easy to replace.

mAsk other Macintosh users about the problem you’re having; they may have

a solution for it.

If you need repair service, consult the service and support information that

came with your computer for instructions on how to contact an Apple-

authorized service provider or Apple for assistance.

48 Chapter 5

Troubleshooting

Start over

Often you can eliminate a problem simply by clearing the computer’s memory

and starting over.

If you can, save any open documents before restarting the Macintosh. If your

system is frozen and does not respond to anything you do, or if you have a

“bomb” message on the screen, saving may not be possible. You can try

pressing x-Option-Esc to quit the program in use when the problem

occurred; if this works, you can then save the documents open in other

programs before restarting.

To restart your Macintosh, try the following steps:

1If you can, choose Restart from the Special menu or from the dialog box that’s on

screen.

Dialog boxes contain messages from the computer. If something goes wrong,

a message may appear on the screen, asking you to restart the computer.

2If you can’t choose Restart, hold down the

and Control keys while you press the

Power key (marked with a triangle).

This key combination restarts the computer. (Use this key combination only

when you can’t choose Restart from the Special menu.)

3If nothing happens, turn off your computer with the power switch, wait at least 10

seconds, and then turn it on again.

4If the power switch doesn’t turn off the computer, unplug your Macintosh.

If you suspect that the problem is with other equipment, such as a printer or

an external hard disk that’s attached to your computer, turn that equipment off

for 10 seconds or longer, then turn it on again and restart the Macintosh.

Rebuild your desktop regularly

A process known as “rebuilding the desktop” helps your Macintosh keep

track of data on your startup disks. Although you usually use the hard disk in

your computer as a startup disk, you can also start up from any other disk that

has system software installed. It’s a good idea to rebuild the desktop of your

startup disks once a month or so.

To rebuild the desktop of a startup disk, follow these steps:

1Hold down the Option and

keys while you start up your computer.

Do not release the keys until you see a message asking whether you want to

rebuild the desktop.

2 Click OK.

50 Chapter 5

Troubleshooting

Solutions to common problems

The computer is turned on but the screen is dark.

One of the following is probably the cause:

mYou have a screen saver program that darkens the screen when the

computer has not been used for a certain period.

Press a key or move the mouse to turn off the screen saver.

mThe monitor’s brightness control (¤) is not adjusted properly.

Check the monitor’s brightness control and turn it up if necessary.

mThe Macintosh or the monitor is not getting power.

If you have a separate monitor, check that the monitor is plugged in and

turned on, and that the monitor cable is firmly connected to both the

computer and the monitor.

Check that the computer’s power cord is firmly connected to the computer

and plugged into a grounded electrical outlet, and that the outlet has power.

If you have more than one monitor and only one is dark, check that it is set

up correctly in the Monitors control panel. For information on using more

than one monitor, see the “Monitors” topic of Macintosh Guide, available

in the Guide (h) menu.

If you are displaying video from your computer on a television screen, it is

normal for your computer monitor to be dark.

The computer’s clock keeps time inaccurately.

Your computer has a clock that runs continuously. When the computer is

turned off, a battery keeps the clock running. If your clock begins to keep

time inaccurately, have your Apple-authorized service provider replace the

battery.

When you start up, a disk icon with a blinking question mark appears in the middle

of the screen.

This icon indicates that your Macintosh cannot find the system software it

needs to start up. One of the following is probably the cause:

mYour computer may be having a problem recognizing external equipment

that uses the Small Computer System Interface (SCSI).

Turn off all external SCSI equipment and disconnect the first SCSI device

in the chain from your computer’s SCSI port. Then restart the computer.

If the computer starts up after you disconnect your SCSI equipment, refer

to the manuals that came with the equipment for information on the proper

way to connect SCSI equipment and assign SCSI ID numbers.

If you have a printer connected to your computer’s SCSI port, make sure

your printer is not supposed to be connected to the printer port instead.

Check the manuals that came with your printer for information on how to

connect it properly.

mSystem software is not installed on the startup hard disk, the system

software is damaged, or the hard disk is not working properly.

Start up your computer using the Utilities floppy disk or, if you have a

built-in CD-ROM drive, with the Macintosh Performa CD. (For instructions

on how to start up your computer from the CD-ROM disc, see “Starting

Up From a CD-ROM Disc” in the section “Repairing a Damaged Disk”

later in this chapter.) Then follow the rest of the instructions on repairing

a disk to test your startup hard disk and repair any damage.

If repairing the disk doesn’t help, follow the instructions in “Installing or

Reinstalling System Software” later in this chapter to reinstall system

software on your startup hard disk.

52 Chapter 5

When you try to start up from a floppy disk, a disk icon with an X appears in the middle

of the screen and the floppy disk is ejected.

This icon indicates that the floppy disk you tried to start up from is not a

startup disk.

Wa it a few seconds. The computer should start up from its internal hard

disk. Make sure you insert floppy disks only after the computer has begun

starting up.

A “sad Macintosh” icon appears and the computer won’t start up.

This icon indicates that your Macintosh cannot start up because of a problem

with the system software or the computer hardware.

Eject any floppy disks by turning off the computer and then holding down

the mouse button while you turn the computer on again. Try starting up

with the Utilities floppy disk or, if you have a built-in CD-ROM drive, with

the Macintosh Performa CD. (For instructions on how to start up your

computer from the CD-ROM disc, see “Starting Up From a CD-ROM Disc”

in the section “Repairing a Damaged Disk” later in this chapter.) If the “sad

Macintosh” icon appears again, consult the service and support information

that came with your computer for information on contacting an Apple-

authorized service provider or Apple for assistance.

Troubleshooting

54 Chapter 5

The hard disk icon does not appear on the desktop.

If you don’t see a hard disk icon on the desktop, try the following:

mIf the hard disk is internal, shut down your computer, wait at least 10

seconds, and then turn it on again.

mIf the hard disk is external, make sure that it is turned on and that its cable

is connected firmly; then restart the Macintosh.

mCheck the ID numbers of all SCSI equipment connected to your computer.

See the manuals that came with your SCSI equipment for information on

setting SCSI ID numbers.

mIf the hard disk is your startup disk, start your computer using the Utilities

floppy disk or, if you have a built-in CD-ROM drive, with the Macintosh

Peforma CD. (For instructions on how to start up your computer from the

CD-ROM disc, see “Starting Up From a CD-ROM Disc” in the section

“Repairing a Damaged Disk” later in this chapter.) Then follow the rest of

the instructions on repairing a disk to test your startup hard disk and repair

any damage.

If repairing the disk doesn’t help, follow the instructions in “Installing or

Reinstalling System Software” later in this chapter to reinstall system

software on your startup hard disk.

Icons do not appear correctly on your screen.

You need to rebuild the desktop—a process that helps your Macintosh keep

track of files and folders on your hard disks. For instructions, see “Rebuild

Your Desktop Regularly” in the section “When You Run Into Trouble” earlier

in this chapter.

If icons do not appear correctly after you rebuild the desktop, restart your

computer while pressing the Shift key to temporarily turn off system

extensions. When you see the “Welcome to Macintosh—extensions off”

message, release the Shift key and press the Option and xkeys until you

see a message asking if you want to rebuild the desktop.

Your Macintosh can’t read a floppy disk.

If you see a message that a floppy disk is unreadable, try one of the following:

mIf the disk has never been used, you may simply need to initialize it. For

instructions, see the “Disks” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the

Guide (h) menu.

mThe disk may be damaged. See “Repairing a Damaged Disk” later in this

chapter for information on testing and repairing disks.

If you are trying to use a DOS disk, consider the following:

mThe disk may have been formatted incorrectly on a DOS computer. On

DOS computers it’s possible to format a standard double-sided disk in a

high-density (1440K) format, and vice versa. Disks formatted in this way

cannot be read by a Macintosh computer.

When formatting disks on a DOS computer, always format standard

double-sided disks in the 720K format. Always format high-density disks

in the 1440K format.

If a disk has been formatted incorrectly, use a DOS computer to copy its

contents onto another disk that has been properly formatted.

Troubleshooting

A dialog box with a bomb appears.

Your system has a software problem.

mWrite down what you were doing when the message appeared, the text of

the message, and the message number, if there is one.

mRestart your Macintosh. (See “Start Over” in the section “When You Run

Into Trouble” earlier in this chapter for instructions.) Most software

problems are temporary, and restarting usually corrects the problem.

mCheck the startup disk and application program you were using when the

dialog box appeared. Make sure that all programs, desk accessories, and

system extensions you’re using are compatible with the system software.

Reinstalling the system software may correct the problem.

mSometimes incompatible system extensions or control panels can cause

system software problems. Restart while holding down the Shift key; this

temporarily turns off all system extensions. If your computer works

normally after you do this, remove all extensions from the Extensions

folder (inside the System Folder) and put them back into the Extensions

folder one at a time. Restart after you add each extension. This procedure

should identify any incompatible extensions.

You can also use the Extensions Manager control panel to turn off

individual extensions. For information on using this control panel to

manage system extensions, see the “Setting Options” topic of Macintosh

Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.

mIf the problem recurs, you may need to reinstall system software. See

“Installing or Reinstalling System Software” later in this chapter for

instructions.

The pointer (

) doesn’t move when you move the mouse.

One of the following situations is probably the cause.

mYour system has a software problem. Try one or more of the following:

Press x-Option-Esc to quit the application program in use when the

problem occurred. If this works, you can save the documents open in other

programs before restarting.

Restart your Macintosh. See “Start Over” in the section “When You Run

Into Trouble” earlier in this chapter for instructions.

56 Chapter 5

Check the startup disk and program you were using when the problem

occurred. Make sure that all programs, desk accessories, and system

extensions you’re using are compatible with the system software. Try starting

up the computer with the Utilities floppy disk or, if you have a built-in

CD-ROM drive, with the Macintosh Performa CD. (For instructions on how

to start up your computer from the CD-ROM disc, see “Starting Up From

a CD-ROM Disc” in the section “Repairing a Damaged Disk” later in this

chapter.) If your computer starts up normally, there may be an extension

conflict.

Sometimes incompatible system extensions or control panels can cause

system software problems. Restart while holding down the Shift key; this

temporarily turns off all system extensions. If your computer works

normally after you do this, remove all extensions from the Extensions

folder (inside the System Folder) and put them back into the Extensions

folder one at a time. Restart after you add each extension. This procedure

should identify any incompatible extensions.

You can also use the Extensions Manager control panel to turn off

individual extensions. For information on using this control panel to

manage system extensions, see the “Setting Options” topic of Macintosh

Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.

If the problem recurs, you may need to reinstall system software. See

“Installing or Reinstalling System Software” later in this chapter for

instructions.

mThe mouse is not connected properly.

Turn the computer off using the power switch, check that the mouse and

keyboard cables are connected properly, and then restart the computer.

mSignals from the mouse are not reaching the computer, either because the

mouse needs cleaning or because there is something wrong with the

mouse.

Clean the mouse according to the instructions in Appendix A of this book.

If you have another mouse or pointing device, try connecting and using it.

(Turn off the computer before connecting it.) If the new device works, there

is probably something wrong with the mouse you replaced.

If none of these procedures solves the problem, consult the service and

support information that came with your computer for instructions on how to

contact an Apple-authorized service provider or Apple for assistance.

Troubleshooting

Typing on the keyboard produces nothing on the screen.

One of the following is probably the cause:

mYour system has a software problem.

Restart your Macintosh. For instructions, see “Start Over” in the section

“When You Run Into Trouble” earlier in this chapter.

Check the startup disk and application program you were using when the

problem occurred. Make sure that all programs, desk accessories, and

system extensions you’re using are compatible with the system software.

If the problem recurs, you may need to reinstall system software. See

“Installing or Reinstalling System Software” later in this chapter for

instructions.

mYou haven’t selected any text or set the insertion point (9).

Make sure the program you want to type in is the active program. Then

place the pointer (8)in the active window and click to set an insertion

point (9) or drag to select text (if you want to replace the text with your

typing).

mThe keyboard is not connected properly.

Turn off the computer using the power switch, then check that the keyboard

cable is connected properly at both ends.

If you have a keyboard with an ADB port (marked with the ◊icon) on

each end, turn off the Macintosh using the power switch and plug the

keyboard cable into the other ADB port on the keyboard. (You may have to

unplug the mouse to do this.) Then restart the computer.

Many Macintosh computers have two ADB ports on the back panel. Also,

some monitors have one or two ADB ports. Turn off the Macintosh using

the power switch and connect your keyboard cable to a different ADB port

on the computer or monitor. Then restart the computer.

mThe keyboard is damaged.

If you have access to another keyboard, try using it instead. (Turn the

computer off before connecting it.) If the new keyboard works, there is

probably something wrong with the one you replaced.

If none of these procedures solves the problem, consult the service and

support information that came with your computer for instructions on how to

contact an Apple-authorized service provider or Apple for assistance.

58 Chapter 5

You can’t start an application program or it quits unexpectedly. Or, when you try to open

a program, you see a message that not enough memory is available.

One of the following is probably the cause:

mThe Macintosh ran out of memory.

Quit the programs that you have open and then open the program you want

to use, or restart your Macintosh.

Use the Memory control panel to turn on virtual memory. For more

information on virtual memory, see the “Memory” topic of Macintosh

Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.

mThe program needs more memory.

Use the program’s Info window to give it more memory. For more

information on increasing a program’s memory, see the “Memory” topic of

Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.

mThe program requires special hardware, such as a floating-point unit

(FPU), and your computer doesn’t have the hardware installed.

Check the documentation that came with the program to find out if the

program requires a Macintosh with special hardware, such as an FPU. Then

check the Technical Information booklet that came with your Macintosh to

find out if your computer is equipped with such special hardware, or if the

hardware can be installed. Consult your Apple-authorized service provider

for information on installing special hardware in your computer.

Troubleshooting

You see a message that an application program can’t be found.

The following dialog box appears if you try to open a document that was

created with software that is not on your hard disk.

Normally, you see this message if you try to open a document that came from

another Macintosh with software that is different from yours.

mSome documents can be opened by more than one application program.

Try starting a program that you think might be able to open the document,

then choose Open from the program’s File menu to try to open the

document.

mPurchase and install the correct software to use the document, or find out

if the creator of the document can convert it to a form that one of your

programs can use.

mDon’t try to open the files in your System Folder. Most of the files in your

System Folder are used by your computer for internal purposes and are not

intended to be opened.

mRebuild your desktop by holding down the Option and xkeys while

starting up your computer. Keep holding down the keys until you see a

message asking whether you want to rebuild the desktop. Click OK.

mIf the document is from a DOS computer, use the PC Exchange control

panel to specify which Macintosh program will open the document. For

information about working with DOS documents on your Macintosh, see

the “Using DOS Files & Disks” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the

Guide (h) menu.

60 Chapter 5

You experience problems using a document from a DOS computer.

If you can’t open a DOS document using a Macintosh program, try the

following:

mOpen the document from within the program by choosing Open in the

program’s File menu.

mUse the PC Exchange control panel to change the document’s type to one

that can be opened by the program.

If a DOS document is displayed incorrectly, or you see strange codes or

characters in the document, try one of the following:

mYour application program may have special procedures for opening and

saving documents with different file formats. See the information that

came with your program.

mTry opening the document in another program.

Note: Some characters that can be displayed on the Macintosh are not

accurately displayed on DOS computers.

For more information about working with DOS documents on your

Macintosh, see the “Using DOS Files & Disks” topic of Macintosh Guide,

available in the Guide (h) menu.

Troubleshooting

Repairing a damaged disk

If you see a message reporting that a disk is damaged or unreadable, you may

need to repair the disk.

Try these suggestions first

If you can’t start up from a hard disk or you don’t see the hard disk icon on the

desktop, try the following:

mIf the hard disk is internal, shut down your Macintosh, wait at least 10

seconds, and then turn it on again.

mIf the hard disk is external, make sure that it is turned on and that its cable

is connected firmly; then restart the Macintosh.

mIf the hard disk is your startup disk, start up with a different startup disk.

(See the following sections, “Starting Up From a CD-ROM Disc” and

“Starting Up From a Floppy Disk.”)

If, after you start up from a different disk, your hard disk’s icon appears on

your desktop, reinstall system software on the hard disk (see “Installing or

Reinstalling System Software” later in this chapter).

If your hard disk’s icon does not appear on your desktop, you may need to

initialize the disk (see “Initializing a Hard Disk” later in this chapter).

mCheck the ID numbers of all SCSI equipment connected to your computer.

Each device must have a unique ID number. The computer itself has the

ID number 7, the internal hard disk has the ID number 0, and the internal

CD-ROM drive has the ID number 3. The ID numbers 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6 are

available for additional SCSI devices.

Also check that the chain of devices is terminated properly. For

information on setting SCSI ID numbers and terminating a SCSI chain,

see the manuals that came with your SCSI equipment.

mIf none of these suggestions solves the problem, test the disk by following

the instructions given later in this section.

62 Chapter 5

Troubleshooting

Starting up from a CD-ROM disc

To test, repair, or initialize a hard disk, or to install system software on a hard

disk, you need to start up your computer from another disk. If your computer

has a CD-ROM drive, you can start up your computer using the Macintosh

Performa CD that came with your computer.

The procedure for starting up from the CD varies depending on the condition

of the system software on your hard disk. To find out which procedure to use,

you must turn on your Macintosh.

The steps that follow tell how to start up from a CD-ROM disc, depending on

what you see on your screen.

If you see a blinking question mark on your screen

The blinking question mark means that your Macintosh is unable to find

usable system software on your hard disk.

1Press the Open/Close button of your CD-ROM drive to open the CD-ROM tray.

2Place the

Macintosh Performa CD

disc in the tray with the disc label facing up.

Make sure the disc is lying flat in the tray.

3Push the tray in, or press the Open/Close button, to close the tray.

Your Macintosh recognizes the CD as a startup disk, and in a few seconds the

Macintosh desktop with a Launcher appears.

64 Chapter 5

If you see the Macintosh desktop

1Press the Open/Close button of your CD-ROM drive to open the CD-ROM tray.

2Place the

Macintosh Performa CD

disc in the tray with the disc label facing up.

Make sure the disc is lying flat in the tray.

3Push the tray in, or press the Open/Close button, to close the tray.

If the Macintosh Performa CD icon does not appear on your screen, follow

the steps in the next section, “Problems Starting Up From the CD?”

If the Macintosh Performa CD icon appears on the right side of your screen,

continue with these steps.

4Choose Control Panels from the Apple (

) menu.

5Double-click the Startup Disk icon.

The Startup Disk control panel window appears.

6 Click the CD icon to select it as your startup disk.

7Choose Restart from the Special menu.

Your computer recognizes the CD as its startup disk, and in a few seconds the

Macintosh desktop with a Launcher appears.

Problems starting up from the CD?

If you’ve followed the steps in the previous sections and the Macintosh

Performa CD icon does not appear on your screen, follow these steps:

1 Insert the CD into the tray.

2Choose Restart from the Special menu.

3Immediately press and hold down the Command (

), Shift, Option, and Delete keys.

The Macintosh Performa CD icon appears on the desktop.

4Choose Control Panels from the Apple (

) menu.

5Double-click the Startup Disk icon.

The Startup Disk control panel window appears.

6 Click the CD icon to select it as your startup disk.

7Close the Startup Disk control panel window.

8Press and hold down the Control, Command (

), and Power keys.

Starting up from a floppy disk

To test, repair, or initialize a hard disk, or to install system software on a hard

disk, you need to start up your computer from another disk. If you don’t have

a built-in CD-ROM drive, you can start up the computer using the Utilities

floppy disk that came with your computer.

To start up your computer using the Utilities floppy disk, follow these steps:

1Shut down your computer.

2 Insert the

Utilities

disk into the disk drive.

3 Turn the computer on.

It takes several moments for your computer to start up from the Utilities disk.

Troubleshooting

How to test a hard disk

You can test an Apple SCSI hard disk with the Apple HD SC Setup program,

which is on the Utilities floppy disk that came with your computer. If your

computer has a built-in CD-ROM drive, and you didn’t receive floppy disks,

you can find the Apple HD SC Setup program on the Macintosh Performa CD.

1 Start up your computer from the

Utilities

disk or the

Macintosh Performa CD

See “Starting Up From a CD-ROM Disc” or “Starting Up From a Floppy

Disk” earlier in this section.

2 Open the Apple HD SC Setup icon.

3Click Drive until the disk you want appears.

4 Click Test.

5When a message tells you that testing is complete, click Quit.

If the test reveals a problem, you may be able to correct it by using Disk First

Aid or another disk repair program (see the instructions in the next section),

or you may need to reinitialize the disk (see “Initializing a Hard Disk” later in

this chapter). Consult an Apple-authorized service provider for assistance if

necessary.

66 Chapter 5

SCSI ID number of the currently selected hard disk

(The number of the internal hard disk is 0.)

Name of the currently selected hard disk

How to repair a hard disk or floppy disk

You can repair some types of disk damage by using the Disk First Aid

program, which is included either on the Utilities floppy disk or on the

Macintosh Performa CD that came with your computer.

1 Start up your computer from the

Utilities

disk or the

Macintosh Performa CD

See “Starting Up From a CD-ROM Disc” or “Starting Up From a Floppy

Disk” earlier in this section.

2 Open the Disk First Aid icon.

3 Click the icon of the disk you want to test.

Disk icons appear in a box at the top of the Disk First Aid window.

Troubleshooting

4Click Repair to begin testing and repairing the disk.

You can’t repair the startup disk or the disk that contains the Disk First Aid

program, but you can test these disks by clicking Verify. If the program

reveals a problem with either of these disks, start up the computer from

another disk so that you can repair the damaged disk.

If you want to test and repair another disk, click its icon and then click Repair.

5When testing and repair are done, choose Quit from the File menu.

If Disk First Aid cannot correct the problem

mTry repairing the disk again. Sometimes repeating the process corrects the

problem.

mUse another disk repair or recovery program. Some disk repair programs

let you recover information from a damaged disk.

mConsult a computer repair specialist for help.

mOnce you have recovered all the information you can and backed it up,

erase (reinitialize) the disk. For instructions on reinitializing a floppy disk,

see the “Disks” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.

For instructions on reinitializing a hard disk, see the next section,

“Initializing a Hard Disk.”

If initialization doesn’t work, discard the damaged disk (if it’s a floppy

disk), or take it to your Apple-authorized service provider for repair (if it’s

a hard disk). If you received a copy of the Macintosh Performa CD (whether

or not your computer has a CD-ROM drive), bring this disc with you to the

service provider.

68 Chapter 5

Troubleshooting

Initializing a hard disk

Before you can use a new disk, the disk must be prepared so that the

computer knows where to store information on the disk. This preparation is

called initializing (or formatting) the disk.

When do you need to initialize a hard disk?

The hard disk inside your computer was initialized at the factory, so you

shouldn’t need to initialize it. You need to initialize a hard disk only if

myou purchase a hard disk that has not been initialized at the factory

myour hard disk is damaged

If a hard disk needs to be initialized, the disk’s icon may not appear on the

desktop when you start up the computer using another disk.

WARNING

Initializing a disk erases any information that may be on it.

Before you initialize a damaged disk, try to repair it as described in

“Repairing a Damaged Disk” earlier in this chapter.

How to initialize a hard disk

You initialize an Apple SCSI hard disk by using a program called Apple HD

SC Setup, which is on the Utilities floppy disk that came with your computer.

If your computer came with a CD-ROM drive and you didn’t receive floppy

disks, you can find Apple HD SC Setup on the Macintosh Performa CD.

1 Start up your computer from the

Utilities

disk or the

Macintosh Performa CD.

See “Starting Up From a CD-ROM Disc” or “Starting Up From a Floppy

Disk” in the section “Repairing a Damaged Disk,” earlier in this chapter.

2 Open the Apple HD SC Setup icon.

3Click Drive until the disk you want to initialize appears.

You cannot initialize the disk that you used to start up your computer or the

disk that contains the Apple HD SC Setup program.

4Click Initialize.

70 Chapter 5

SCSI ID number of the currently selected hard disk

(The number of the internal hard disk is 0.)

Name of the currently selected hard disk

5Click Init to initialize the hard disk.

6If a message appears asking you to name the disk, type a name and then click OK.

7Click Quit when you see a message reporting that initialization was successful.

If a message reports that initialization failed, try again. If initialization fails

a second time, take the disk to your Apple-authorized service provider for

repair.

Troubleshooting

Click here to initialize the disk.

72 Chapter 5

Installing or reinstalling system software

System software is the set of programs and other files that your computer uses

to start itself up, keep track of your files, and run the application programs

you use. System software is kept in the System Folder. When you turn on your

computer, it looks for a startup disk, which is a disk that contains the system

software. The startup disk is usually the hard disk that’s inside your computer,

though another hard disk or a floppy disk can also be a startup disk.

When should you install or reinstall system software?

Your Macintosh came with all the necessary system software installed on its

internal hard disk, so you don’t need to install system software on that disk

unless you encounter software problems.

If you have a new hard disk or a newly initialized hard disk that doesn’t

contain system software, or if you want to upgrade to a more recent version of

system software on a hard disk, you’ll need to install system software. See the

next section, “How to Install or Reinstall System Software.”

If your hard disk already has system software installed on it but there is a

problem with the disk or the software, you may see this icon in the middle of

the screen:

If this icon appears, first try testing your startup hard disk and repairing any

damage. To do this, follow the instructions in “Repairing a Damaged Disk”

earlier in this chapter. If repairing the disk doesn’t help, you may need to

reinstall system software.

Troubleshooting

How to install or reinstall system software

If your computer has a CD-ROM drive, you can install or reinstall system

software by following the instructions in the Macintosh Performa CD booklet

that came with your computer.

If your computer doesn’t have a CD-ROM drive and you’ve used Apple

Backup to back up the contents of your hard disk, you can use Apple Restore

to reinstall system software. For instructions, see “Restoring the Information

on Your Hard Disk” in Chapter 4.

If your computer doesn’t have a CD-ROM drive and you have not used Apple

Backup to back up the contents of your disk, try one of the following:

mIf you received the Macintosh Performa CD with your computer, contact an

Apple-authorized service provider, a Macintosh user group, or another

Macintosh user for access to a CD-ROM drive. Reinstall system software

on your hard disk by following the instructions in the Macintosh Performa

CD booklet that came with your computer.

mIf you did not receive the Macintosh Performa CD with your computer, or if

you cannot get access to a CD-ROM drive, call the customer support

hotline. (The phone number for the hotline is in the service and support

information that came with your computer.)

For your own safety and that of your equipment, follow all the instructions in

this chapter. Keep these instructions available for reference by you and others.

Health-related information about computer use

Muscle soreness, eye fatigue, and other discomforts and injuries sometimes

associated with using computers can occur from performing any number of

activities. In fact, misuse of the same muscles during multiple activities can

create a problem that might not otherwise exist. For example, if you engage in

nonwork activities that involve repetitive stress on the wrist—such as

bicycling—and also use your computer’s keyboard improperly, you may

increase your likelihood of developing wrist problems. Some individuals are

at greater risk of developing these problems because of their health,

physiology, lifestyle, and general exposure to stress. Work organization and

conditions, such as workstation setup and lighting, also play a part in your

overall health and comfort. Preventing health problems is a multifaceted task

that requires careful attention to the way you use your body every hour of

every day.

The most common health effects associated with using a computer are

musculoskeletal discomfort and eye fatigue. We’ll discuss each area of

concern below.

Appendix A

Health, Safety, and Maintenance Tips

Read this appendix for important

health and safety instructions,

as well as tips on keeping your

computer in good working order.

Musculoskeletal discomfort

As with any activity that involves sitting for long periods of time, using a

computer can make your muscles sore and stiff. To minimize these effects, set

up your work environment carefully, using the guidelines that follow, and take

frequent breaks to rest tired muscles. To make working with your computer

more comfortable, allow enough space in your work area so that you can

change position frequently and maintain a relaxed posture.

Another type of musculoskeletal concern is repetitive stress injuries (RSIs),

also known as cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs). These problems can

occur when a certain muscle or tendon is repeatedly overused and forced into

an unnatural position. The exact causes of RSIs are not totally understood, but

in addition to awkward posture, such factors as the amount of repetition, the

force used in the activity, the individual’s physiology, workplace stress level,

and lifestyle may affect the likelihood of experiencing an RSI.

RSIs did not suddenly arise when computers were invented; tennis elbow and

writer’s cramp, for example, are two RSIs that have been with us for a long

time. Although less common than other RSIs, one serious RSI discussed more

often today is a wrist problem called carpal tunnel syndrome, which may be

aggravated by improper use of computer keyboards. This nerve disorder

results from excessive pressure on the median nerve as it passes through the

wrist to the hand.

This section offers advice on setting up your work area to enhance your

comfort while you use your computer. Since the effects of repetitive

movements associated with using a computer can be compounded by those of

other work and leisure activities to produce or aggravate physical problems,

proper use of your computer system must be considered as just one element

of a healthy lifestyle.

No one, of course, can guarantee that you won’t have problems even when you

follow the most expert advice on using computer equipment. You should

always check with a qualified health specialist if muscle, joint, or eye

problems occur.

76 Appendix A

Eye fatigue

Eye fatigue can occur whenever the eyes are focused on a nearby object for a

long time. This problem occurs because the eye muscles must work harder to

view an object that’s closer than about 20 feet (6 meters). Improper lighting

can hasten the development of eye fatigue. Although eye fatigue is annoying,

there’s no evidence that it leads to permanent damage.

Whenever you’re engaged in an activity that involves close-up work—such as

reading a magazine, doing craft work, or using a computer—be sure to have

sufficient glare-free lighting and give your eyes frequent rest breaks by

looking up and focusing on distant objects. Remember to have your eyes

examined regularly.

To prevent discomfort and eye fatigue:

mArrange your work space so that the furniture is properly adjusted for you

and doesn’t contribute to an awkward working posture.

mTa ke frequent short breaks to give your muscles and eyes a chance to rest.

Arranging your office

Here are some guidelines for adjusting the furniture in your office to

accommodate your physical size and shape.

mAn adjustable chair that provides firm, comfortable support is best. Adjust

the height of the chair so your thighs are horizontal and your feet flat on

the floor.

The back of the chair should support your lower back (lumbar region).

Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for adjusting the backrest to fit your

body properly.

mWhen you use the computer keyboard, your shoulders should be relaxed.

Your upper arm and forearm should form an approximate right angle, with

your wrist and hand in roughly a straight line.

Health, Safety, and Maintenance Tips

You may have to raise your chair so your forearms and hands are at the

proper angle to the keyboard. If this makes it impossible to rest your feet

flat on the floor, you can use a footrest with adjustable height and tilt to

make up for any gap between the floor and your feet. Or you may lower

the desktop to eliminate the need for a footrest. Another option is to use a

desk with a keyboard tray that’s lower than the regular work surface.

mPosition the mouse at the same height as your keyboard. Allow adequate

space to use the mouse comfortably.

mArrange the monitor so the top of the screen is slightly below your eye

level when you’re sitting at the keyboard. The best distance from your eyes

to the screen is up to you, although most people seem to prefer 18 to 28

inches (45 to 70 cm).

mPosition the computer to minimize glare and reflections on the screen from

overhead lights and windows.

78 Appendix A

Thighs horizontal

Shoulders relaxed

Screen positioned to avoid

reflected glare

Forearms and hands

in a straight line

Forearms level

or tilted up slightly

Lower back supported

Feet flat on the floor

Top of the screen at or slightly

below eye level (You may need

to adjust the height of your

computer by placing something

under it or by raising your

work surface.)

Clearance under work surface

45–70 cm (18–28 in.)

Avoiding fatigue

mChange your seated position, stand up, or stretch whenever you start to feel

tired. Frequent short breaks are helpful in reducing fatigue.

mUse a light touch when typing or using a mouse and keep your hands and

fingers relaxed.

mSome computer users may develop discomfort in their hands, wrists, or

arms after intensive work without breaks. If you begin to develop chronic

pain or discomfort in your hands, wrists, or arms, consult a qualified

health specialist.

mAllow adequate work space so that you can use your keyboard and mouse

comfortably. Place papers or other items so you can view them easily while

using your computer. A document stand may make reading papers more

comfortable.

mEye muscles must work harder to focus on nearby objects. Occasionally

focus your eyes on a distant object, and blink often while you work.

mClean your screen regularly. Keeping the screen clean helps reduce

unwanted reflections.

What about electromagnetic emissions?

There has been recent public discussion of the possible health effects of

prolonged exposure to extremely low frequency (ELF) and very low

frequency (VLF) electromagnetic fields. Such fields are associated with

electromagnetic sources such as television sets, electrical wiring, and some

household appliances—as well as computer monitors.

Apple has reviewed scientific reports and sought the counsel of government

regulatory agencies and respected health organizations. Based on the

prevailing evidence and opinions, Apple believes that the electric and

magnetic fields produced by computer monitors do not pose a health risk.

In response to those customers who wish to reduce their exposure to

electromagnetic fields, Apple has lowered the emission levels of our products.

We are also actively encouraging further scientific research so we can

continue to promote the health and safety of our customers and employees.

Health, Safety, and Maintenance Tips

Safety instructions

For your own safety and that of your equipment, always take the following

precautions.

Turn off the computer completely and disconnect the power plug (by pulling

the plug, not the cord) if any of the following conditions exists:

mthe power cord or plug becomes frayed or otherwise damaged

myou spill something into the case

myour Macintosh is exposed to rain or any other excess moisture

myour Macintosh has been dropped or the case has been otherwise damaged

myou suspect that your Macintosh needs service or repair

myou want to clean the case (use only the recommended procedure

described later in this chapter)

Be sure that you always do the following:

mKeep your Macintosh away from sources of liquids, such as wash basins,

bathtubs, shower stalls, and so on.

mProtect your Macintosh from dampness or wet weather, such as rain, snow,

and so on.

mRead all the installation instructions carefully before you plug your

Macintosh into a wall socket.

mKeep these instructions handy for reference by you and others.

mFollow all instructions and warnings dealing with your system.

WARNING

Electrical equipment may be hazardous if misused. Operation

of this product, or similar products, must always be supervised by an

adult. Do not allow children access to the interior of any electrical

product and do not permit them to handle any cables.

80 Appendix A

Handling your computer equipment

Follow these guidelines for handling your computer and its components:

mWhen setting up your computer, place components on a sturdy, flat surface,

and carefully follow all setup instructions.

mWhen connecting or disconnecting a cable, always hold the cable by its

connector (the plug, not the cord).

mTu rn off your computer and all its components before connecting or

disconnecting any cables to add or remove any component. Failure to do so

could seriously damage your equipment.

mNever force a connector into a port. If the connector and port do not join

with reasonable ease, they probably don’t match. Make sure that the

connector matches the port and that you have positioned the connector

correctly in relation to the port.

mTa ke care not to spill any food or liquid on the computer, keyboard, mouse,

or other components. If you do, turn your computer off immediately and

unplug it before cleaning up the spill. Depending on what you spilled and

how much of it got into your equipment, you may have to bring your

equipment to an Apple-authorized service provider.

mProtect the computer and its components from direct sunlight and rain or

other moisture.

mKeep all ventilation openings clear and unobstructed. Without proper air

circulation, components can overheat, causing damage or unreliable

operation.

WARNING

This equipment is intended to be electrically grounded. Your

Macintosh is equipped with a three-wire grounding plug—a plug that

has a third (grounding) pin. This plug will fit only a grounded AC

outlet. This is a safety feature. If you are unable to insert the plug into

the outlet, contact a licensed electrician to replace the outlet with a

properly grounded outlet. Do not defeat the purpose of the grounding

plug!

Health, Safety, and Maintenance Tips

Handling the built-in monitor

Follow these procedures for handling the built-in monitor:

mTurn down the screen brightness control if you leave the computer turned

on for extended periods. If the brightness is not turned down, the image on

the screen could “burn in” and damage the screen.

You can also use a “screen saver” program, which dims or varies the image

on the screen when the computer has been idle for a specified period of

time. These programs are available from independent suppliers and user

groups.

mIf there is interference on the monitor’s screen or on a television or radio

near your computer, move the affected equipment farther away.

Handling the keyboard

Ta ke care not to spill any liquid on the keyboard. If you do, turn off your

computer immediately.

mIf you spill liquid that is thin and clear, unplug the keyboard, turn it upside

down to let the liquid drain out, and let it dry for 24 hours at room

temperature. If, after you take these steps, the keyboard doesn’t work, take

it to your Apple-authorized service provider for repair.

mIf you spill liquid that is greasy, sweet, or sticky, unplug the keyboard and

take it to your Apple-authorized service provider for repair.

82 Appendix A

Handling floppy disks

Ejecting a disk

For instructions on ejecting a floppy disk, a CD-ROM disc, or a removable

media disk, see the “Disks” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide

(h) menu.

125° F (52° C)

50° F (10° C)

Keep disks dry.

Do not use a

pencil or an

eraser on a disk

or disk label.

Store disks at

temperatures

between 50° F

and 125° F.

Do not touch the

exposed part of the

disk behind the

metal shutter.

Keep disks away

from magnets.

Avoid exposing

disks to extremely

hot temperatures.

Health, Safety, and Maintenance Tips

If you can’t eject a floppy disk

If you can’t eject a floppy disk in the usual way, try the following in order:

mHold down the xand Shift keys and press the number 1 key on your

keyboard to eject a disk in the internal disk drive.

mTurn off the computer. If the disk isn’t ejected, then hold down the button

on your mouse or other pointing device while you turn the computer on

again.

mLocate the small hole near the disk drive’s opening, and carefully insert the

end of a large straightened paper clip into it. Push gently until the disk is

ejected. Do not use excessive force.

If nothing works, take the computer or disk drive to your Apple-authorized

service provider to have the disk removed.

Power supply

The power supply in your computer is a high-voltage component and should

not be opened for any reason, even when the computer is off. If the power

supply needs service, contact your Apple-authorized dealer or service

provider.

84 Appendix A

Cleaning your equipment

Follow these general rules when cleaning the outside of your computer and

its components:

mUse a damp, soft, lint-free cloth to clean the computer’s exterior. Avoid

getting moisture in any openings.

mDon’t use aerosol sprays, solvents, or abrasives.

Cleaning the computer case

To clean the case, do the following:

1 Turn off the computer completely and then disconnect the power plug. (Pull the plug, not

the cord.)

2Wipe the surfaces lightly with a clean, soft cloth dampened with water.

Cleaning the monitor

To clean the screen, put household glass cleaner on a soft cloth and wipe the

screen. Don’t spray the cleaner directly on the screen, because the liquid

might drip into the monitor or computer.

Cleaning the mouse

The mouse contains a small ball that must roll smoothly for the mouse to

work properly. You can keep this ball free of dirt and grease by using the

mouse on a clean, lint-free surface and cleaning it occasionally.

You need a few cotton swabs and a clean, soft, lint-free cloth.

1 Turn off your computer.

Health, Safety, and Maintenance Tips

86 Appendix A

2Turn the mouse upside-down and turn the plastic ring on the bottom counterclockwise

to disengage it.

If you have an older mouse, you may need to press the plastic ring (rather

than turn it) to disengage it.

3 Turn the mouse right-side up with one hand and catch the ring and the ball with your

other hand.

4Clean the three small rollers inside the mouse with a cotton swab moistened with water.

Rotate the rollers to clean all around them.

5Wipe the mouse ball with a clean, soft, dry, and lint-free cloth.

6If necessary, wash the mouse ball with warm soapy water (use a mild soap such as a

dishwashing liquid) and then dry the mouse ball thoroughly.

7Gently blow into the mouse case to remove any dust that has collected there.

8Put the ball and the ring back in place.

Your mouse should roll smoothly across your mouse pad or desk. If it doesn’t,

repeat these instructions carefully.

Expansion cards are printed circuit boards that can be installed in your

computer to give it special capabilities, such as enhanced video capabilities,

networking and communications, and additional processing power. Your

Macintosh has a processor-direct slot (PDS) for most cards, including the

Apple IIe Card. If you have a Macintosh Performa 570 series computer, it also

has a communications slot for an internal modem or Ethernet card.

You can install expansion cards by following the instructions that came with

the card, or by following the instructions in this appendix.

WARNING

To avoid damaging your computer and expansion card, do not

attempt to install any expansion card without first checking the

documentation for that card. If the documentation specifies that an

Apple-certified technician must install the card (usually because

the installation requires special training or tools), consult the service

and support information that came with your computer for instructions

on how to contact an Apple-authorized service provider or Apple for

service. If you attempt to install the card yourself, any damage you

cause to your computer will not be covered by the limited warranty on

your computer. If the card is not an Apple-labeled product, check with

an Apple-authorized dealer or service provider to see if you can install

it yourself.

Appendix B

Installing an Expansion Card

Read this appendix for

instructions on installing an

expansion card in your computer.

Installing both types of expansion cards involves three steps:

mopening the computer

minserting the card into a specific slot

mclosing the computer

IMPORTANT

To use the Apple IIe Card with your Macintosh, you will need

version 2.2 or later of the Apple IIe Card software. If you’re using an earlier

version, consult the service and support information that came with your

computer for information on how to obtain an upgrade.

Opening the computer

1Choose Shut Down from the Apple (

) menu or the Special menu, or press the Power

key on the keyboard.

2 Turn the computer completely off by pressing the power switch at the back of the

computer.

3Unplug the cable that connects your keyboard to the computer.

4If there are security screws on either side of the computer’s back panel, remove them

with a Phillips screwdriver.

5Place your thumbs on the two plastic tabs on the back panel of the computer.

88 Appendix B

6Press down on the tabs and pull gently until the back panel opens.

7Take the back panel off and set it aside.

Installing an Expansion Card

8Slide the logic board (the board that holds the components that make your computer

work) partway out until you have complete access to the slots at the right side of

the board.

Yo u’ ll need to hook your fingers around the little metal boxes to pull the

logic board.

WARNING

Don’t pull the board all the way out; this can damage your

Macintosh.

90 Appendix B

Installing the card

You can install a processor-direct slot (PDS) card in your computer. If you

have a computer in the Macintosh Performa 570 series, you can also install a

communications card.

Installing a processor-direct slot (PDS) card

1 Remove the processor-direct slot (PDS) expansion card from its static-proof bag.

Hold the card by its top edge to avoid touching the connector on the bottom of

the card.

2Align the card over the processor-direct slot.

Your computer may look slightly different from the one shown.

3Press down on the card until the connector is solidly in place.

Don’t force the card. If you meet resistance, pull the card out and try again.

To see if the card is properly connected, lift it gently. If it resists and stays in

place, it’s connected.

Align the card

over this slot.

Installing an Expansion Card

Installing a communications card (Macintosh Performa 570

series only)

1 Remove the communications card from its static-proof bag.

Hold the card by its top edge to avoid touching the connector on the bottom of

the card.

2Align the card over the communications slot.

The communications slot is the rightmost slot on the logic board.

3Press down on the card until the connector is solidly in place.

Don’t force the card. If you meet resistance, pull the card out and try again.

To see if the card is properly connected, lift it gently. If it resists and stays in

place, it’s connected.

Align the card

over this slot.

92 Appendix B

Closing the computer

1Slide the logic board back in.

Push on the back edge of the logic board until it is firmly in place.

2If there is a connector on the card that you just installed (for example, if you are

installing an Apple IIe Card), remove the access cover on the back panel you removed

earlier.

Pinch together the plastic tabs on the access cover to remove it and pop it out.

With the access cover off, you can use the port on the card you just installed.

If you installed a processor-direct slot (PDS) card, remove this access cover:

If you installed a communications card (Macintosh Performa 570 series only),

remove this access cover:

Installing an Expansion Card

3 Replace the back panel of the computer.

Slip the back panel over the prongs at the bottom edge of the back of the

computer, then push it up and forward until it snaps into place. If your back

panel was held on by security screws, replace them.

WARNING

Never turn on your computer unless all of its internal and

external parts are in place. Operating the computer when it is open or

missing parts can be dangerous, and can damage your computer.

94 Appendix B

Your computer keyboard contains certain special keys that typewriter

keyboards don’t have. Many of these keys allow you to give commands to the

computer without using the mouse. For example, in many application

programs, pressing the x(Command) key at the same time as the Q key is

often an alternative method of quitting a program.

The following table describes what you can do with the special keys on your

keyboard. The number of special keys on your keyboard may vary from this

list; it depends on the model of keyboard you have.

Special keys on Apple keyboards

Arrow keys Use to move the insertion point, as an alternative to using the

pointer. In some programs, the arrow keys have other functions.

Caps Lock key Use to capitalize a series of letters (numbers and symbols

aren’t affected).

Clear key Use to delete the current selection (or use the Delete key).

In some programs, Clear has other functions.

(Command) key Use in combination with other keys as an alternative to

choosing a menu command.

continued

Read this appendix to learn

how to use the special

keys on your keyboard.

caps

lock

num

lock

clear

Appendix C

Special Keys on Your Keyboard

Special keys on Apple keyboards

(continued)

Control key In combination with other keys, this key provides shortcuts or

modifies other actions.

Delete key Use to delete selected material, or the character to the left of the

insertion point.

Enter key In a dialog box, pressing Enter is the same as clicking the

outlined button. In some programs, pressing this key confirms

information you have provided.

Escape key The function of this key depends on the program you’re using.

Function keys Some programs allow you to use the 12 function keys to give

commands. You can assign commands or action sequences to

function keys with special utility programs.

Option key Use in combination with other keys to produce special

characters or modify actions.

Numeric keys Use to produce numbers and mathematical symbols; some

programs use these keys as function keys to initiate actions.

Power key On some models, press to turn on the computer. Also press to

shut down the computer on certain models.

Return key Use to move the insertion point to the beginning of the next line.

In a dialog box, pressing Return is the same as clicking the

outlined button.

Shift key Use to produce capital letters (or the upper character

on the key).

Other special keys The function of these keys depends on the operating system

and program you’re using.

Tab key Use to move the insertion point to the next stopping place

(such as a tab stop or field in a dialog box or program).

96 Appendix C

delete

enter

esc

option

alt

num

lock

clear

=/*

enter

return

shift

homehelp

end

ins

del

page

down

tab

control

access cover, removing 93

active application program 12, 16, 37

ADB (Apple Desktop Bus) port

4, 5, 29, 58

additional equipment, connecting 29

air circulation near the computer 81

Apple-authorized service providers,

contacting

damaged disks 66, 68

damaged keyboards 58

initialization failed 71

installing additional RAM 34

installing expansion cards 87

installing internal drives 34

installing special hardware 59

installing system software 73

mouse connection problems 57

power supply service 84

removing a floppy disk from

the drive 84

repair service 48, 81, 82

replacing the battery in computer’s

clock 51

“sad Macintosh” icon 53

Apple Backup program 38–39,

40–44, 73

Apple Desktop Bus (ADB) port

4, 5, 29, 58

Apple Ethernet media adapter 33

Apple Extras folder 35

Apple HD SC Setup program 66, 70

Apple menu, Shut Down command 13

Apple Restore program 39, 44–46, 73

AppleScript program 35

AppleTalk support 33

Apple IIe Card 87, 88

Application menu

Finder 16, 23

Hide Others command 38

identifying active program 12, 16, 37

Show All command 38

switching programs 12, 37

application programs

activating 12, 16, 37

guidelines for using 36

installing 35–36

opening documents created in a

different program 60

working with several at a time 37–38

arrow keys 95

arrow pointer

doesn’t move when you move the

mouse 56–57

“frozen” on screen 47, 56–57

moving 11

automating tasks 35

Index

If you can’t find what you’re looking for

in this index, look in Macintosh Guide—

available in the Guide (

) menu

on your computer.

backing up files and disks 38–44

back panel of computer

illustration of ports on 29

removing 88–89

replacing 94

backup copy, updating 42–44

backup programs 39

Balloon Help 24

basic Macintosh skills 11–12

battery in computer’s clock, replacing 51

blinking question mark 8, 52, 63, 72

“bomb” message on screen 47, 49, 56

brightness control 9, 51, 82. See also

screen control buttons

built-in microphone. See microphone

cables

connecting/disconnecting, safety

instructions 81

keyboard and mouse 4, 5

Caps Lock key 95

cards, installing 87–94

carpal tunnel syndrome 76

CD-ROM disc. See

Macintosh Performa CD

CD-ROM drive 28, 34

cleaning

case 85

keyboard 82

monitor 85

mouse 85–86

screen 79, 85

spills 81, 82

Clear key 95

clicking icons 25

clock in computer, troubleshooting 51

close box 12

closing

the computer 93–94

Macintosh Guide window 23

Color Trinitron™display 28. See also

monitor; screen

Command (x) key 95

commands

assigning to function keys 96

shortcuts for 25–26, 95–96

communications card, installing 92

communications port cover 29

communications slot on logic

board 87, 92

computer system, illustration 28

connecting. See also installing

additional equipment 29

cables 4, 5, 81

mouse and keyboard 4–5

to a network 33

connectors, handling 81

Control key 96

control panels

compatibility problems with 56, 57

Extensions Manager 56, 57

Memory 59

Network 33

PC Exchange 60, 61

Sound 30

Startup Disk 64, 65

copying program disks to the hard

disk 36

cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs) 76

customer support hotline 14, 44, 73

damaged disks, repairing 62–68

damage to computer, avoiding 32, 34

Delete key 96

deleting selected material 95, 96

desk accessories 37

desktop

hiding and showing windows on 38

rebuilding 50, 54, 60

Disk First Aid program 67–68

disk repair programs 68

disks. See floppy disks; hard disk

98 Index

document stand 79

DOS computers

using documents created from 60, 61

using floppy disks formatted for 55

double-clicking 25

ejecting floppy disks 36, 83–84

electrical grounding 1, 3, 81

electrical safety 80

electromagnetic emissions 79

Enter key 96

erasing selected material 95, 96

error messages 47–48, 49, 56

Escape key 96

Ethernet card 33, 87

EtherTalk support 33

expanding

the Macintosh Guide window 23

memory 34

expansion card access cover 29

expansion card, installing 87–94

Extensions Manager control panel 56, 57

eye fatigue related to computer use

77, 79

files, backing up 38–44

Finder

activating 16, 23

automating tasks in 35

Macintosh Guide and 16, 23

shortcuts in 25–26

floating-point unit (FPU) 59

floppy disk drive 28, 34

floppy disks. See also Utilities disk

backing up 38

copying to the hard disk 36

ejecting 36, 83–84

formatted for DOS computers 40, 55

handling 83

high-density 40–41, 43

initializing 55

inserting 36

locking 41, 44

repairing 55, 67–68

starting the computer from 53, 65

unlocking 43

unreadable 55

folders

Apple Extras 35

AppleScript 35

System Folder 36, 43, 44, 60

formatting. See initializing

FPU (floating-point unit) 59

“frozen” screen, troubleshooting 47, 49,

56–57

function keys 96

glare on screen 78–79

grounding plug 3, 81

Guide menu. See also Balloon Help;

Macintosh Guide window;

Macintosh Shortcuts window

displaying 16

Hide Balloons command 24

Macintosh Guide command 16

overview 14, 15

Shortcuts command 25

Show Balloons command 24

hard disk

backing up 38–44

can’t start up from 62

copying programs to 36

illustration 29

initializing with Apple HD SC

Setup 69–71

installing 34

repairing 52, 54, 62–68

restoring information on 39, 44–46

testing with Apple HD SC Setup 66

hard disk icon 8, 12

doesn’t appear on the desktop 54

Index

hardware, connecting additional 29

headphone jack 28

health tips 75–79

Help. See Apple-authorized service

providers; Balloon Help;

customer support hotline;

Guide menu; Macintosh Guide

window; troubleshooting

HD SC Setup program 66, 70

Hide Balloons command

(Guide menu) 24

Hide Others command

(Application menu) 38

hiding windows on the desktop 38

high-density floppy disks 40–41, 43

“Huh?” button (Macintosh

Guide window) 23

I, J

IBM PC or compatible computers.

See DOS computers

icons

Apple Backup 40, 42

Apple Desktop Bus (ADB) 4, 5

Apple HD SC Setup 66, 70

Apple Restore 45

blinking question mark 8, 52, 63, 72

bomb 47

clicking 25

defined 12

dimmed 37

disk with an X 53

don’t appear correctly on screen 54

double-clicking 25

Finder 37

Guide menu 15

hard disk 8, 12

opening 25

“sad Macintosh” 53

identifying objects on the screen 24

ID numbers, SCSI 54, 62, 66, 70

Index button (Macintosh Guide

window) 17, 19–20

initializing

floppy disks 55

hard disk 69–71

inserting floppy disks 36

insertion point

moving 96

setting 58

installing. See also connecting

additional RAM 34

application programs 35–36

communications card 92

expansion card 87–94

internal disk drives 34

PowerTalk 35

processor-direct slot (PDS) card 91

QuickDraw GX 35

system software 54, 72–73

interference on screen, radio,

or television 82

internal drives, installing 34

internal modem, slot for 87

keyboard

connecting 4–5

damaged 58

handling and cleaning 82

illustration 28

positioning 77–78

typing produces nothing on screen 58

wrist pain from 75, 76, 79

keyboard cable 4, 5

keyboard shortcuts 25–26, 95–96

keys, special 95–96

100 Index

Launcher

applications available in 40, 42

opening programs in 35

putting programs into 36

light, power-on 9, 28

locking a floppy disk 41, 44

logic board

sliding into computer 93

sliding out of computer 90

slots on 87

Look For button (Macintosh

Guide window) 17, 21–22

Macintosh Guide command

(Guide menu) 16

Macintosh Guide window

appearance of 16

closing 23

“Huh?” button 23

Index button 17, 19–20

Look For button 17, 21–22

moving 23

moving to next step in 18

returning to 18, 23

searching for information in 17–22

shrinking and expanding 23

tips for using 23

Topics button 17–18

Macintosh Performa CD

Apple HD SC Setup 66, 70

contents of 38, 44

Disk First Aid 67–68

installing system software 73

starting the computer from 63–65

Macintosh Shortcuts window 25–26

mathematical symbols 96

media adapter 33

memory

expanding 34

“not enough memory” message 59

Memory control panel 59

memory requirements for PowerTalk and

QuickDraw GX 35

menu bar 12

menu commands. See commands

microphone

illustration 28

using 32

modem, slot for 87

modem port 29

moisture, protecting equipment from

80, 81, 82

monitor. See also screen

brightness control 9, 51, 82

cleaning 85

connecting to a keyboard or mouse

4, 5

handling and cleaning 82

illustration 28

interference on screen 82

monitor port 29

mouse

cleaning 85–86

connecting 4–5

connections, troubleshooting 57

how to use 11–12

illustration 11, 28

positioning 11, 78

shortcuts for using 25–26

mouse button 11

mouse cable 4, 5

mouse pad 12

moving

arrow pointer 11

insertion point 96

Macintosh Guide window 23

mouse 11

musculoskeletal discomfort related to

computer use 75–76

101

Index

network, connecting to 33

Network control panel 33

numeric keys 96

office, arranging 77–78

on/off switch. See power switch

opening

the computer 88–90

icons 25

Option key 96

PC Exchange control panel 60, 61

PDS. See processor-direct slot

Performa Tutorial 11–12

plugging in the computer 1–3

pointer. See arrow pointer

ports

Apple Desktop Bus (ADB) 4, 5, 58

illustration of all ports 29

posture for computer use 77–78

power cord 2–3

when to disconnect 80

Power key

illustration 7, 28

restarting the computer 49, 65

turning the computer on or off

13, 88, 96

power-on light 9, 28

power plug socket 29

power supply in computer, safety

instructions 84

power switch

illustration 2, 29

troubleshooting 49, 58

turning off the computer 13

turning on the computer 7, 9

PowerTalk, installing 35

precautions (safety instructions) 80–86

printer port 29

processor-direct slot (PDS) card,

installing 91

processor-direct slot (PDS) on logic

board 87, 91

programs. See application programs

question mark icon on screen

8, 52, 63, 72

questions. See Balloon Help;

Guide menu; Macintosh

Guide window; troubleshooting

QuickDraw GX, installing 35

RAM. See memory

rebuilding the desktop 50, 54, 60

reinitializing. See initializing

reinstalling. See installing

repairing damaged disks 52, 54, 62–68

repair service. See Apple-authorized

service providers; customer

support hotline

repetitive stress injuries (RSIs) 76

Restart command (Special menu)

49, 64, 65

restarting the computer 49, 64, 65

restoring information on the hard disk

39, 44–46

Return key 96

102 Index

“sad Macintosh” icon 53

safety instructions 80–86

screen. See also monitor

appears dark 51

avoiding image “burn in” 82

cleaning 79, 85

“frozen” 47, 49, 56–57

glare and reflections on 78, 79

identifying objects on 24

screen control buttons 28, 31.

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