AsiaRF AWM002 WiFi AP Router Module User Manual
AsiaRF Ltd. WiFi AP Router Module Users Manual
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Users Manual
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| Document ID | 1952134 |
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| Document Description | Users Manual |
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| Document Type | User Manual |
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| Date Submitted | 2013-04-26 00:00:00 |
| Date Available | 2013-04-26 00:00:00 |
| Creation Date | 2013-03-31 17:43:54 |
| Producing Software | Microsoft® Office Word 2007 |
| Document Lastmod | 2013-04-26 14:18:54 |
| Document Title | Users Manual |
| Document Creator | Microsoft® Office Word 2007 |
| Document Author: | Allon |
AsiaRF AWM002 User’s Manual Version: 1.0 WiFi AP Router Module www.asiarf.com AsiaRF AWM002 Copyright Statement Trademarks Copyright @2013 Contents are subject to change without notice. All trademarks belong to their respective proprietors. Copyright Statement THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS OF PROPRIETARY TECHNICAL INFORMATION THAT IS THE PROPERTY OF THIS COMPANY. AND NO PART OF THIS DOCUMENTATION MAY BE REPRODUCED, STORED IN A RETRIEVAL SYSTEM OR TRANSMITTED IN ANY FORM OR BY ANY MEANS, ELECTRICAL OR MECHANICAL, BY PHOTOCOPYING, RECORDING, OR OTHERWISE, WITHOUT THE PRIOR WRITTEN CONSENT OF THIS COMPANY. Federal Communication Commission Interference Statement This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one of the following measures: Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver. www.asiarf.com AsiaRF AWM002 Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected. Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help. This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. FCC Caution: Any changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate this equipment. IMPORTANT NOTE: FCC Radiation Exposure Statement: This equipment complies with FCC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment. This equipment should be installed and operated with minimum distance 20cm between the radiator & your body. This transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter. www.asiarf.com AsiaRF AWM002 Contents CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................. 1 1.2 HARDWARE FEATURES................................................... 3 1.3 SOFTWARE FEATURES .................................................... 5 1.4 PACKAGE CONTENTS ...................................................... 6 CHAPTER 2 HARDWARE INSTALLATION 2.1 HOW TO START .............................................................. 7 2.2 LED INDICATOR AND PORT DESCRIPTION ...................... 9 2.3 POSITION SLIDE SWITCH................................................ 9 2.4 RESET BUTTON .............................................................. 9 2.5 PIN DEFINITION ............................................................. 9 CHAPTER 3 FIRMWARE SETUP 3.1 DEFAULT CONFIGURATION........................................... 12 3.2 CONFIGURE AWM002 ................................................. 13 3.2.1 STATUS ..................................................................... 14 3.4.1.2 BREAK-DETECTION ............................................... 17 3.4.1.3 MAC-CLONE ......................................................... 17 3.4.1.4 DDNS ................................................................... 17 3.4.2 LAN ......................................................................... 17 3.4.2.1 SETUP .................................................................... 17 3.4.2.2 BINDING ................................................................ 18 3.4.2.3 DHCP-TABLE ........................................................ 19 3.4.3 WIRELESS ................................................................. 19 www.asiarf.com AsiaRF AWM002 3.4.3.1 BASIC .................................................................... 20 3.4.3.2 SECURITY .............................................................. 20 3.4.3.3 ADVANCED ............................................................ 20 3.4.3.4 WDS ..................................................................... 20 3.4.3.4 WPS ...................................................................... 21 3.4.3.5 STATION LIST ........................................................ 21 3.4.3.6 MAC ACCESS ........................................................ 21 3.4.4 MEDIA ...................................................................... 21 3.4.5 SECURITY ................................................................. 21 3.4.5.1 FIREWALL .............................................................. 22 3.4.5.2 WEBSITE-BLOCK ................................................... 22 3.4.5.3 MAC-FILTER......................................................... 22 3.4.5.4 ACCESS-RESTRICTIONS ......................................... 22 3.4.5.5 PORT-TRIGGERING ................................................ 23 3.4.5.6 DOS ....................................................................... 24 3.4.6.1 VISUAL SERVER..................................................... 26 3.4.6.2 APPLICATION ......................................................... 26 3.4.6.3 DMZ ..................................................................... 27 3.4.6.4 NAT ...................................................................... 27 3.4.7 ROUTING .................................................................. 27 3.4.7.1 TABLE .................................................................... 28 3.4.7.2 STATIC ................................................................... 28 3.4.8 ADMIN ...................................................................... 28 3.4.8.1 MANAGEMENT....................................................... 28 www.asiarf.com AsiaRF AWM002 3.4.8.2 TIME-SETTING ....................................................... 29 3.4.8.3 BACKUP & RESTORE.............................................. 29 3.4.8.4 FIRMWARE UPGRADE............................................. 29 3.4.8.5 RESTART ................................................................ 29 3.4.8.4 FACTORY DEFAULT ................................................ 29 3.4.8.5 PASSWORD ............................................................. 29 3.5 WIRELESS AP CLIENT MODE........................................ 29 3.5.1 WIFI WAN ............................................................... 30 3.6 WIRELESS AP MODE .................................................... 30 3.6.1 LAN SETTING ........................................................... 31 CHAPTER 4 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS (FAQ) 4.1 WHAT AND HOW TO FIND MY PC’S IP AND MAC ADDRESS? .......................................................................... 32 4.2 WHAT IS WIRELESS LAN? ........................................... 33 4.3 WHAT ARE ISM BANDS? .............................................. 33 4.4 HOW DOES WIRELESS NETWORKING WORK? ................ 33 4.5 WHAT IS BSSID? ......................................................... 35 4.6 WHAT IS ESSID? ......................................................... 35 4.7 WHAT ARE POTENTIAL FACTORS THAT MAY CAUSES INTERFERENCE? ................................................................. 35 4.8 WHAT ARE THE OPEN SYSTEM AND SHARED KEY AUTHENTICATIONS? ........................................................... 36 4.9 WHAT IS WEP? ............................................................ 37 4.10 WHAT IS FRAGMENT THRESHOLD? ............................ 37 www.asiarf.com AsiaRF AWM002 4.11 WHAT IS RTS (REQUEST TO SEND) THRESHOLD? ...... 39 4.12 WHAT IS BEACON INTERVAL? .................................... 40 4.13 WHAT IS PREAMBLE TYPE?........................................ 40 4.14 WHAT IS SSID BROADCAST? ..................................... 41 4.15 WHAT IS WI-FI PROTECTED ACCESS (WPA)? ............ 41 4.16 WHAT IS WPA2? ........................................................ 42 4.17 WHAT IS 802.1X AUTHENTICATION? .......................... 42 4.18 WHAT IS TEMPORAL KEY INTEGRITY PROTOCOL (TKIP)?............................................................................. 43 4.19 WHAT IS ADVANCED ENCRYPTION STANDARD (AES)? .......................................................................................... 43 4.20 WHAT IS INTER-ACCESS POINT PROTOCOL (IAPP)? .. 43 4.21 WHAT IS WIRELESS DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM (WDS)? 44 4.22 WHAT IS UNIVERSAL PLUG AND PLAY (UPNP)?......... 44 4.23 WHAT IS MAXIMUM TRANSMISSION UNIT (MTU) SIZE? .......................................................................................... 45 4.24 WHAT IS CLONE MAC ADDRESS?.............................. 45 4.25 WHAT IS DDNS? ....................................................... 45 4.26 WHAT IS NTP CLIENT? .............................................. 46 4.27 WHAT IS VPN? .......................................................... 46 4.28WHAT IS IPSEC? ........................................................ 46 CHAPTER5 TERMINOLOGY www.asiarf.com AsiaRF AWM002 Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Introduction Thank you for purchasing AWM002 WiFi AP Router Module Multi-purpose Wireless device. AWM002 is a tiny WiFi AP/Router Module with up to 150Mbps transmission rate. It supports three working modes: AP Client, and Router. The default mode is AP Client mode can be easily switched by sliding the side switch. AWM002 can be powered from either DC 3.3V 460mA and 1.2V 500mW power input. The Base board is powered by DC 12V 1A. This Module could be installed in any electronic devices for directly controlled. Home Automation power switch air conditioner heater www.asiarf.com AsiaRF AWM002 coffee machine television water shower for planets automation controller surveillance camera, baby mornitor Industrial Control Machine control Power saving control Timer automatic You can link with internet and do any you want from 3G linking or any place in the world. www.asiarf.com AsiaRF AWM002 1.2 Hardware Features Standard Wireless LAN Connector Pins Pitch Antenna 30-pin Interface Frequency Range Number of Selectable Channels Data Rate Coverage Area Transmit Power(EIRP) Receiver IEEE 802.11 compliant 1T1R Mode b/g/n standards 1.27mm iPex Connector *1 ( PIFA optional ) USB*1 ( Host ) UART*1 GPIOs VCC/GND I2S I2C PCM 2.400 ~ 2.4835GHz ( subject to local regulations) 802.11n 20MHz/40MHz ; 802.11b/g USA, Canada (FCC):11 channels (2.412GHz~2.462GHz) Europe (CE): 13 channels (2.412GHz~2.472GHz) Japan (TELEC): 14 channels (2.412GHz~2.4835GHz) 802.11n: up to 150Mbps 802.11b: 1, 2, 5,5, 11Mbps 802.11g: 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 54Mbps Up to 6 times faster then existing 802.11 b/g products 11n HT40 MCS7 : +11 dBm 11b CCK: +15 dBm 11g OFDM: +12 dBm -66dBm at HT40 MCS7 www.asiarf.com AsiaRF Sensitivity Certifications Power consumption Weight Dimension Storage Temperature Storage Humidity Operation Temperature Operation Humidity AWM002 -73dBm at 54Mpbs -86dBm at 11Mpbs FCC/CE by request Pin input: 3.3V 460mA, 1.2V 500mA(LDO) Total: 5V 550mA Above are the peak, average is like 5V 300mA, depend on the system design. 30g 25x35 mm -20 to 85℃ 0 to 85% 0 to 70℃ 0 to 80% www.asiarf.com AsiaRF AWM002 1.3 Software Features WAN WiFi WAN Static IP DHCP Client PPPoE (for ADSL) Transparent Bridge Networking DHCP Client/Relay/Server Dynamic DNS NTP Client DNS Cache/Proxy Firewall: PPTP L2TP IPSec MAC/IP/Port Filter Virtual Server DMZ Content Filter Forbid BT Forbid Mule WIFI 2 Transmit and 2 Receive paths (2T2R) 20MHz/40MHz bandwidth Support Hidden SSID www.asiarf.com AsiaRF AWM002 Support WPS Clock rate up to 400MHz Legacy and High Throughput Modes High security: WEP64/128,TKIP, WPA,WPA2 AES,mixed, 802.11i 802.1X Authentication with RADIUS Client QoS-WMM, WMM-PS 1.4 Package contents The package contains the following items AWM002 AWM002 Base Board 1 AC/DC Adapter Input: 110~240V 50/60Hz, Output: 12V 1A adapter Quick Installation Guide www.asiarf.com AsiaRF AWM002 Chapter 2 Hardware Installation 2.1 How to start After you unpack the box, please make sure all the components are completed. Follow the below setup to setup the AWM002: 1. Put the AWM002 Module on Base board and linked with a small PCB antenna. 2. Connect Power Adaptor to get the 12V 1A power. LEDs will turn on and flashing. 3. Wait around one minute the WiFi signal start flashing, you can see the WiFi signal from your computer or mobile device with WiFi function. 4. Link WiFi or link RJ45 cable, log into the IP address 10.10.1.1 or 10.10.10.254, input admin/admin log in. www.asiarf.com AsiaRF AWM002 www.asiarf.com AsiaRF AWM002 2.2 LED Indicator and Port Description LED indicators description on front panel: (From R to L) 1. PWR: Indicates AWM002 is power on. 2. WPS: Flashing indicates AWM002 is negotiating with the client in WPS mode. 3. WLAN: Indicates the WIRELESS LAN is connected. 4. WAN: Indicates an Ethernet cable is connected into WAN port. 5. LAN: Indicate an Ethernet cable is connected into the LAN port. 6. TX: Indicate the data transfer. 7. RX: Indicated the data received. 2.3 Position Slide Switch, Customized by option. 2.4 Reset button 2.5 PIN DEFINITION Description Pin Pin Description +3.3V +3.3V UART_Rx GND UART_Tx Reserved www.asiarf.com AsiaRF AWM002 GND WPS/Reset to Default # LED_WLAN# 10 GND LED_WPS# 12 11 USB_D+ AP/Client selection 14 13 USB_D- 1.2V 16 15 1.2V GPIO #19 18 17 TX0+ GPIO #18 20 19 TX0- GPIO #17 22 21 RX0+ LINK0_LED 24 23 RX0- Pin Pin Description PCMFS I SWS PCMCLK I2SSDO PCMDRX I SSDI PCMDTX I2C_SCLK 10 I2C_SD RX1+ 12 11 TX1+ RX1- 14 13 TX1- GND 16 15 GND II Description I SCLK Size: 1. Size: 25*35 mm 10 www.asiarf.com AsiaRF AWM002 Double row 1.27mm pitch on the 35mm side 2. Reserved: Available for use 3. Reserved is ACTIVE LOW 4. LEDs and WPS/Reset to Default are active LOW Reset /Reset to default function is share AP/Client selection pin 11 www.asiarf.com AsiaRF AWM002 Chapter 3 Firmware Setup This chapter is to describe how to configure AWM002 to setup different modes: Wireless Router (Transparent Bridge), AP Client and Wireless AP mode. Operation Mode: Wireless Router (Transparent Bridge): In this mode, the Ethernet WAN port is for WAN. The connection type can be setup in WAN page by using Static IP, DHCP (Auto config), PPPoE, and Transparent Bridge. LAN port is for LAN and wireless is LAN also. Wireless AP Client: In this mode, the device is supposed to connect to internet or the other wireless router via Wireless WAN. The NAT is enabled and PCs in LAN ports share the same IP to ISP through WAN port. 3.1 Default Configuration IP address 10.10.1.1 or 10.10.10.254 Subnet mask 255.255.255.0 Username admin Password admin Operation Mode AP Client 12 www.asiarf.com AsiaRF AWM002 DHCP On SSID AWM002 / WioData Channel Smart select Security Off 3.2 Configure AWM002 1. Connect the Ethernet cable to the AWM002 LAN port and your notebook/computer. 2. Power up to AWM002. 3. Open Internet Explorer from your notebook/computer 4. Enter: http://10.10.1.1 5. Enter the Username and Password. If this is the first time use, than enter “admin” and “admin” on both username and password. 6. The following screen will show up and follow the instruction 13 www.asiarf.com AsiaRF AWM002 3.2.1 Status This directory is included Summary, Log, Interface, and Video. Summary shows the most information of the router. Log is System Information, System warming, and System Log records can let engineer or user to look the turn on record and other linking devices. Interface is the statistics of network. Video you can see the image when you plug the web camera into AWM002 base board USB port as below. 14 www.asiarf.com AsiaRF AWM002 You can adjust Brightness, Contract, Saturation, Hue, White Balance Auto, Gamma, Power line frequency, White Balance Temperature, Sharpness, Backlight Compensation, JPG quality. 15 www.asiarf.com AsiaRF AWM002 3.3 Mode Three modes you can see, Wireless Router (Gateway), Wireless AP Client, and Standard Wireless AP mode. By switch, you can see what mode you are using now. 3.4 Wireless Router (Transparent Bridge) Mode 3.4.1 WAN 3.4.1.1 Setup Default is DHCP, means can get IP address from the main router or ISP. There are four selections: Static (fixed IP) DHCP (Auto config) PPPoE (ADSL) Transparent Bridge 16 www.asiarf.com AsiaRF AWM002 3.4.1.2 Break-Detection Default is disable, it is send a message to Gateway to reboot the linking. 3.4.1.3 MAC-clone Change MAC address to the other MAC address for fitting ISP’s identified. 3.4.1.4 DDNS Dynamic DNS is for you to register one address in DNS server for you from internet to get link back this router. For more detail, please search in searching engine. 3.4.2 LAN 3.4.2.1 Setup LAN you can set up the IP address and LAN’s DHCP server. 17 www.asiarf.com AsiaRF AWM002 3.4.2.2 Binding Binding: Including 3 functions: allocating IP address by DHCP server based on IP&MAC that added, setting static ARP table. And to control of users modify IP or MAC address strictly. Bind Automatically: Bind automatically when DHCP server allocates IP address and deletes at lease time. The addresses manually binded are also play a role at the same time. This function applies to the places that constantly changing computer. Before using 'Show', we suggest you to scan the network first to make sure that all LAN IP & MAC addresses are binded. Show: Bind new IP&MAC that never added automatically. Import: Batch import IP&MAC address. 18 www.asiarf.com AsiaRF AWM002 3.4.2.3 DHCP-table DHCP Table: Display all IP address allocated by current DHCP server. 3.4.3 Wireless 19 www.asiarf.com AsiaRF AWM002 There are Basic, Security, Advanced, WDS, WPS, Station List, and MAC Access. 3.4.3.1 Basic Set wireless connection basic information, you could set enable and disable wireless function, Broadcast and not broadcast SSID, set SSID name and etc. 3.4.3.2 Security The types of wireless security mode are as followings, and you couls select as the need. Disable Open System WPA WPA-PSK WPA2 WPA2-PSK WPAPSKWPA2PSK (WPA-PSK and WPA2-PSK) WPA1WPA2(WPAand WPA2) 3.4.3.3 Advanced Set advanced information of wireless connection. 3.4.3.4 WDS There are Disable, Lazy mode, Bridge mode, and 20 www.asiarf.com AsiaRF AWM002 Repeater mode. 3.4.3.4 WPS There are Enable and Disable. 3.4.3.5 Station List 3.4.3.6 MAC Access MAC Access can limit the linking of Wireless by MAC. Like allow or deny the MAC list you input here. 3.4.4 Media You can set up Video and Audio setting here. 3.4.5 Security 21 www.asiarf.com AsiaRF AWM002 3.4.5.1 Firewall After enabling firewall, it can prevent internet malicious attacks to roter or computers in LAN and ensure safe operation of router computers in LAN. Especilly for some open servers (such as virtual server, DMZ and etc.), enabling router firewall function can block malicious attacks and prevent DoS attack. 3.4.5.2 Website-Block Select website block Enable, add to the list and click “apply” to save. 3.4.5.3 MAC-Filter In “MAC filter”, you could forbid the added MAC address and also just allow the added MAC address passing router. 3.4.5.4 Access-Restrictions 22 www.asiarf.com AsiaRF AWM002 In the “Access-Restrictions”, you could block or accept some ports passing router and effectively block virus by controlling port range. Notes: The ports here include source port and destination port. So, the data packet will be disposed by discarded by router no matter the source port or destination port of data packet within this range. 3.4.5.5 Port-Triggering In the “Port block, you could block some ports passing router and effectively block virus by controlling port range. Notes: The ports here include source port and destination port. So, the data packet will be disposed by discarded by router no matter the source port or destination 23 www.asiarf.com AsiaRF AWM002 port of data packet within this range. 3.4.5.6 DoS Items Description Forbid/Enable Prevent SYN flood attack Prevent UDP flood attack Prevent ICMP flood attack Prevent IP Prevent Land attack Prevent Tear Drop attack Prevent Smurf attack Prevent Ping of Death attack Prevent ICMP Fragment Prevent unknown protocol Forbid or Enable the function of preventing DOS attack. Prevent Syn Flood attack. Set maximum rate of Syn packet according to visit capacity of server in normal situation. Threshold is150 packets/second. Prevent UDP flood attack. Set maximum rate of UDP packet according to visit capacity of server in normal situation. Threshold is150 packets/second. Prevent ICMP flood attack. Set maximum rate of ICMP packet according to visit capacity of server in normal situation. Threshold is150 packets/second. Prevent IP attack by enabling this. Prevent Land attack by enabling this.。 Prevent Tear Drop attack by enable this. Prevent Smurf attack by enabling this. Prevent Ping of Death attack by enabling this. Prevent ICMP Fragment attack by enabling this. Prevent unknown protocol attack by enabling this. 24 www.asiarf.com AsiaRF AWM002 Items Description Prevent Fraggle Attack Prevent source IP spoofing attack Prevent Fraggle ICMP Fragment attack by enabling this. Prevent source IP spoofing attack attack by enabling this. Enable ARP deception function by enabling this. The shorter the interval is, the better preventing ARP deception virus is. But it influences system a lot. Please select according the need. Prevent Deception ARP 25 www.asiarf.com AsiaRF AWM002 3.4.6 Server 3.4.6.1 Visual Server Virtual Server: Because of its integrated firewall, the router with default configuration doesn't allow computers from Internet access LAN computer through the firewall. You can configure virtual server on the router to change it. 3.4.6.2 Application Application: Some softwares are needed multiple Internet connections, such as IP telephone, video conference and so on, and normally the firewall will block these connections. In order to make these softwares work normally, the firewall must know what kind of situation need to open multiple connections. Through the definition 26 www.asiarf.com AsiaRF AWM002 of special applications, when the firewall found a 'Trigger Port' to be opened by a computer, it allows connections from Internet to pass through the corresponding 'external port' to be established. 3.4.6.3 DMZ The DMZ host computer actually is a default virtual server. If the router received a request from the external network, it will check whether there is a virtual server match in the list according to port of the external service firstly, if there is, put forward the corresponding request to the host, if not, put forward the corresponding request to the DMZ host. When the DMZ host is not set, it will discard the request. 3.4.6.4 NAT Outside network IP address will be one-to-one mapping to inside network address. 3.4.7 Routing 27 www.asiarf.com AsiaRF AWM002 3.4.7.1 Table Display the current routing table. 3.4.7.2 Static Allow user define the path routing to the other host or network. 3.4.8 Admin 3.4.8.1 Management UPnP（Universal Plug and Play）the protocol for 28 www.asiarf.com AsiaRF AWM002 DLNA, the purpose is let smart electronic devices communicated with each other. Remote is administration from WAN control. System Log function default is enable. 3.4.8.2 Time-setting 3.4.8.3 Backup & Restore Setting’s backup and restore. 3.4.8.4 Firmware Upgrade 3.4.8.5 Restart 3.4.8.4 Factory Default 3.4.8.5 Password Administration password setting. 3.5 Wireless AP Client mode Ethernet and wireless are as a LAN connected with PC or client devices, another Wireless Interface work as a WAN port connected with other wireless AP or router. 29 www.asiarf.com AsiaRF AWM002 3.5.1 WiFi WAN When you have a WiFi network, you can use this as a WiFi repeater. Press “search AP”, there is a window pop up with the list of active WiFi AP router, including the SSID, encryption method. Click the one you want to link and remember the encryption mode, input the security part and press “Apply”. The router will be restarted, after restarted, in Status you can see the linked successful or not. If not, do check the encryption setting again. 3.6 Wireless AP mode LAN and WAN port work as LAN port only. Wireless is LAN also. All the IP addresses are the same IP section. 30 www.asiarf.com AsiaRF AWM002 3.6 Wireless AP mode Wireless and all Ethernet ports are in the same IP section. 3.6.1 LAN setting 31 www.asiarf.com AsiaRF AWM002 Chapter 4 Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) 4.1 What and how to find my PC’s IP and MAC address? IP address is the identifier for a computer or device on a TCP/IP network. Networks using the TCP/IP protocol route messages based on the IP address of the destination. The format of an IP address is a 32-bit numeric address written as four numbers separated by periods. Each number can be zero to 255. For example, 191.168.1.254 could be an IP address. The MAC (Media Access Control) address is your computer's unique hardware number. (On an Ethernet LAN, it's the same as your Ethernet address.) When you're connected to the Internet from your computer (or host as the Internet protocol thinks of it), a correspondence table relates your IP address to your computer's physical (MAC) address on the LAN. To find your PC’s IP and MAC address, Open the Command program in the Microsoft Windows. Type in ipconfig /all then press the Enter button. 32 www.asiarf.com AsiaRF AWM002 Your PC’s IP address is the one entitled IP Address and your PC’s MAC address is the one entitled Physical Address. 4.2 What is Wireless LAN? A wireless LAN (WLAN) is a network that allows access to Internet without the need for any wired connections to the user’s machine. 4.3 What are ISM bands? ISM stands for Industrial, Scientific and Medical; radio frequency bands that the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) authorized for wireless LANs. The ISM bands are located at 915 +/- 13 MHz, 2450 +/- 50 MHz and 5800 +/- 75 MHz. 4.4 How does wireless networking work? The 802.11 standard define two modes: infrastructure mode and ad hoc mode. In infrastructure mode, the wireless network consists of at least one access point connected to the wired network infrastructure and a set of wireless end stations. This configuration is called a Basic Service Set (BSS). An Extended Service Set (ESS) is a set of two or more BSSs forming a single subnetwork. Since 33 www.asiarf.com AsiaRF AWM002 most corporate WLANs require access to the wired LAN for services (file servers, printers, Internet links) they will operate in infrastructure mode. Example 1: wireless Infrastructure Mode Ad hoc mode (also called peer-to-peer mode or an Independent Basic Service Set, or IBSS) is simply a set of 802.11 wireless stations that communicate directly with one another without using an access point or any connection to a wired network. This mode is useful for quickly and easily setting up a wireless network anywhere that a wireless infrastructure does not exist or is not required for services, such as a hotel room, convention 34 www.asiarf.com AsiaRF AWM002 center, or airport, or where access to the wired network is barred (such as for consultants at a client site). Example 2: wireless Ad Hoc Mode 4.5 What is BSSID? A six-byte address that distinguishes a particular a particular access point from others. Also know as just SSID. Serves as a network ID or name. 4.6 What is ESSID? The Extended Service Set ID (ESSID) is the name of the network you want to access. It is used to identify different wireless networks. 4.7 What are potential factors that may causes interference? Factors of interference: 35 www.asiarf.com AsiaRF AWM002 Obstacles: walls, ceilings, furniture… etc. Building Materials: metal door, aluminum studs. Electrical devices: microwaves, monitors and electrical motors. Solutions to overcome the interferences: Minimizing the number of walls and ceilings. Position the WLAN antenna for best reception. Keep WLAN devices away from other electrical devices, eg: microwaves, monitors, electric motors, … etc. Add additional WLAN Access Points if necessary. 4.8 What are the Open System and Shared Key authentications? IEEE 802.11 supports two subtypes of network authentication services: open system and shared key. Under open system authentication, any wireless station can request authentication. The station that needs to authenticate with another wireless station sends an authentication management frame that contains the identity of the sending station. The receiving station then returns a frame that indicates whether it recognizes the sending station. Under shared key authentication, each wireless station is assumed to have received a secret shared key over a secure channel that is independent from the 802.11 36 www.asiarf.com AsiaRF AWM002 wireless network communications channel. 4.9 What is WEP? An optional IEEE 802.11 function offers frame transmission privacy similar to a wired network. The Wired Equivalent Privacy generates secret shared encryption keys that both source and destination stations can use to alert frame bits to avoid disclosure to eavesdroppers. WEP relies on a secret key that is shared between a mobile station (e.g. a laptop with a wireless Ethernet card) and an access point (i.e. a base station). The secret key is used to encrypt packets before they are transmitted, and an integrity check is used to ensure that packets are not modified in transit. 4.10 What is Fragment Threshold? The proposed protocol uses the frame fragmentation mechanism defined in IEEE 802.11 to achieve parallel transmissions. A large data frame is fragmented into several fragments each of size equal to fragment threshold. By tuning the fragment threshold value, we can get 37 www.asiarf.com AsiaRF AWM002 varying fragment sizes. The determination of an efficient fragment threshold is an important issue in this scheme. If the fragment threshold is small, the overlap part of the master and parallel transmissions is large. This means the spatial reuse ratio of parallel transmissions is high. In contrast, with a large fragment threshold, the overlap is small and the spatial reuse ratio is low. However high fragment threshold leads to low fragment overhead. Hence there is a trade-off between spatial re-use and fragment overhead. Fragment threshold is the maximum packet size used for fragmentation. Packets larger than the size programmed in this field will be fragmented. If you find that your corrupted packets or asymmetric packet reception (all send packets, for example). You may want to try lowering your fragmentation threshold. This will cause packets to be broken into smaller fragments. These small fragments, if corrupted, can be resent faster than a larger fragment. Fragmentation increases overhead, so you'll want to keep this value as close to the maximum value as possible. 38 www.asiarf.com AsiaRF AWM002 4.11 What is RTS (Request To Send) Threshold? The RTS threshold is the packet size at which packet transmission is governed by the RTS/CTS transaction. The IEEE 802.11-1997 standard allows for short packets to be transmitted without RTS/CTS transactions. Each station can have a different RTS threshold. RTS/CTS is used when the data packet size exceeds the defined RTS threshold. With the CSMA/CA transmission mechanism, the transmitting station sends out an RTS packet to the receiving station, and waits for the receiving station to send back a CTS (Clear to Send) packet before sending the actual packet data. This setting is useful for networks with many clients. With many clients, and a high network load, there will be many more collisions. By lowering the RTS threshold, there may be fewer collisions, and performance should improve. Basically, with a faster RTS threshold, the system can recover from problems faster. RTS packets consume valuable bandwidth, however, so setting this value too low will limit performance. 39 www.asiarf.com AsiaRF AWM002 4.12 What is Beacon Interval? In addition to data frames that carry information from higher layers, 802.11 includes management and control frames that support data transfer. The beacon frame, which is a type of management frame, provides the "heartbeat" of a wireless LAN, enabling stations to establish and maintain communications in an orderly fashion. Beacon Interval represents the amount of time between beacon transmissions. Before a station enters power save mode, the station needs the beacon interval to know when to wake up to receive the beacon (and learn whether there are buffered frames at the access point). 4.13 What is Preamble Type? There are two preamble types defined in IEEE 802.11 specification. A long preamble basically gives the decoder more time to process the preamble. All 802.11 devices support a long preamble. The short preamble is designed to improve efficiency (for example, for VoIP systems). The difference between the two is in the Synchronization field. The long preamble is 128 bits, and the short is 56 bits. 40 www.asiarf.com AsiaRF AWM002 4.14 What is SSID Broadcast? Broadcast of SSID is done in access points by the beacon. This announces your access point (including various bits of information about it) to the wireless world around it. By disabling that feature, the SSID configured in the client must match the SSID of the access point. Some wireless devices don't work properly if SSID isn't broadcast (for example the D-link DWL-120 USB 802.11b adapter). Generally if your client hardware supports operation with SSID disabled, it's not a bad idea to run that way to enhance network security. However it's no replacement for WEP, MAC filtering or other protections. 4.15 What is Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)? Wi-Fi’s original security mechanism, Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP), has been viewed as insufficient for securing confidential business communications. A longer-term solution, the IEEE 802.11i standard, is under development. However, since the IEEE 802.11i standard is not expected to be published until the end of 2003, several members of the WI-Fi Alliance teamed up with members 41 www.asiarf.com AsiaRF AWM002 of the IEEE 802.11i task group to develop a significant near-term enhancement to Wi-Fi security. Together, this team developed Wi-Fi Protected Access. To upgrade a WLAN network to support WPA, Access Points will require a WPA software upgrade. Clients will require a software upgrade for the network interface card, and possibly a software update for the operating system. For enterprise networks, an authentication server, typically one that supports RADIUS and the selected EAP authentication protocol, will be added to the network. 4.16 What is WPA2? It is the second generation of WPA. WPA2 is based on the final IEEE 802.11i amendment to the 802.11 standard. 4.17 What is 802.1x Authentication? 802.1x is a framework for authenticated MAC-level access control, defines Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) over LANs (WAPOL). The standard encapsulates and leverages much of EAP, which was defined for dial-up 42 www.asiarf.com AsiaRF AWM002 authentication with Point-to-Point Protocol in RFC 2284. Beyond encapsulating EAP packets, the 802.1x standard also defines EAPOL messages that convey the shared key information critical for wireless security. 4.18 What is Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP)? The Temporal Key Integrity Protocol, pronounced tee-kip, is part of the IEEE 802.11i encryption standard for wireless LANs. TKIP is the next generation of WEP, the Wired Equivalency Protocol, which is used to secure 802.11 wireless LANs. TKIP provides per-packet key mixing, a message integrity check and a re-keying mechanism, thus fixing the flaws of WEP. 4.19 What is Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)? Security issues are a major concern for wireless LANs, AES is the U.S. government’s next-generation cryptography algorithm, which will replace DES and 3DES. 4.20 What is Inter-Access Point Protocol (IAPP)? The IEEE 802.11f Inter-Access Point Protocol (IAPP) 43 www.asiarf.com AsiaRF AWM002 supports Access Point Vendor interoperability, enabling roaming of 802.11 Stations within IP subnet. IAPP defines messages and data to be exchanged between Access Points and between the IAPP and high layer management entities to support roaming. The IAPP protocol uses TCP for inter-Access Point communication and UDP for RADIUS request/response exchanges. It also uses Layer 2 frames to update the forwarding tables of Layer 2 devices. 4.21 What is Wireless Distribution System (WDS)? The Wireless Distribution System feature allows WLAN AP to talk directly to other APs via wireless channel, like the wireless bridge or repeater service. 4.22 What is Universal Plug and Play (uPNP)? UPnP is an open networking architecture that consists of services, devices, and control points. The ultimate goal is to allow data communication among all UPnP devices regardless of media, operating system, programming language, and wired/wireless connection. 44 www.asiarf.com AsiaRF AWM002 4.23 What is Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) Size? Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) indicates the network stack of any packet is larger than this value will be fragmented before the transmission. During the PPP negotiation, the peer of the PPP connection will indicate its MRU and will be accepted. The actual MTU of the PPP connection will be set to the smaller one of MTU and the peer’s MRU. The default is value 1400. 4.24 What is Clone MAC Address? Clone MAC address is designed for your special application that request the clients to register to a server machine with one identified MAC address. Since that all the clients will communicate outside world through the WLAN Outdoor Broadband Router, so have the cloned MAC address set on the WLAN Outdoor Broadband Router will solve the issue. 4.25 What is DDNS? DDNS is the abbreviation of Dynamic Domain Name Server. It is designed for user own the DNS server with dynamic WAN IP address. 45 www.asiarf.com AsiaRF AWM002 4.26 What is NTP Client? NTP client is designed for fetching the current timestamp from internet via Network Time protocol. User can specify time zone, NTP server IP address. 4.27 What is VPN? VPN is the abbreviation of Virtual Private Network. It is designed for creating point-to point private link via shared or public network. 4.28What is IPSEC? IPSEC is the abbreviation of IP Security. It is used to transferring data securely under VPN. Chapter 5 Terminology 3DES Triple Data Encryption Standard AES Advanced Encryption Standard ANSI American National Standards Institute AP Access Point CCK Complementary Code Keying CSMA/CA Carrier Sense Multiple Access/ Collision 46 www.asiarf.com AsiaRF AWM002 Avoidance CSMA/CD Carrier Sense Multiple Access/ Collision Detection DDNS Dynamic Domain Name Server DH Diffie-Hellman Algorithm DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DSSS Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum EAP Extensible Authentication Protocol ESP Encapsulating Security Payload FCC Federal Communications Commission FTP File Transfer Protocol IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers IKE Internet Key Exchange IP Internet Protocol ISM Industrial, Scientific and Medical LAN Local Area Network MAC Media Access Control MD5 Message Digest 5 NAT Network Address Translation NT Network Termination NTP Network Time Protocol 47 www.asiarf.com AsiaRF AWM002 PPTP Point to Point Tunneling Protocol PSD Power Spectral Density RF Radio Frequency SHA1 Secure Hash Algorithm SNR Signal to Noise Ratio SSID Service Set Identification TCP Transmission Control Protocol TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol TKIP Temporal Key Integrity Protocol UPNP Universal Plug and Play VPN Virtual Private Network WDS Wireless Distribution System WEP Wired Equivalent Privacy WLAN Wireless Local Area Network WPA Wi-Fi Protected Access 48 www.asiarf.com This device complies with the following radio frequency and safety standards. Important to OEM Manufacturer: This following FCC Warning must be included in the HOST User Manual. FCC Warning This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. NOTE 1: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures: - Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. - Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver. -Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected. -Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help. NOTE 2: Any changes or modifications to this unit not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate the equipment. FCC Radiation Exposure Statement: This equipment complies with FCC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment. End users must follow the specific operating instructions for satisfying RF exposure compliance. Note 1: This module certified that complies with RF exposure requirment under mobile or fixed condition, this module is to be installed only in portable or mobile or fixed applications. A mobile device is defined as a transmitting device designed to be used in other than fixed locations and to generally be used in such a way that a separation distance of at least 20 centimeters is normally maintained between the transmitter's radiating structure(s) and the body of the user or nearby persons. Transmitting devices designed to be used by consumers or workers that can be easily re-located, such as wireless devices associated with a personal computer, are considered to be mobile devices if they meet the 20 centimeter separation requirement. A fixed device is defined as a device is physically secured at one location and is not able to be easily moved to another location. Note 2: Any modifications made to the module will void the Grant of Certification, this module is limited to OEM installation only and must not be sold to end-users, end-user has no manual instructions to remove or install the device, only software or operating procedure shall be placed in the end-user operating manual of final products. Note 3: The device must not transmit simultaneously with any other antenna or transmitter. Note 4: To ensure compliance with all non-transmitter functions the host manufacturer is responsible for ensuring compliance with the module(s) installed and fully operational. For example, if a host was previously authorized as an unintentional radiator under the Declaration of Conformity procedure without a transmitter certified module and a module is added, the host manufacturer is responsible for ensuring that the after the module is installed and operational the host continues to be compliant with the Part 15B unintentional radiator requirements. Since this may depend on the details of how the module is integrated with the host, AsiaRF Co., Ltd. shall provide guidance to the host manufacturer for compliance with the Part 15B requirements. Note 5: FCC ID label on the final system must be labeled with “Contains FCC ID: TKZAWM002” or “Contains transmitter module FCC ID: TKZAWM002”. The transmitter module must be installed and used in strict accordance with the manufacturer's instructions as described in the user documentation that comes with the host product. AsiaRF Co., Ltd. is responsible for the compliance of the module in all final hosts. WARNING: This device will only installed in this host device as below: Manufacturer: Venitek Ltd. Address: B08, 14/F, WAH HEN COMM CENTRE, NO.383, HENNESSY RD., WANCHAI, HONGKONG Product Name: WiFi IP Camera & Storage AP Router Model: AWAPN2411
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