Balluff HF-0405-XXX-01 Passive RFID Reader/Writer User Manual Part II

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Chapter 3: Power & Communication Configuration
Chapter 3 ● Power & Communication
Configuration
This chapter describes the electrical options, power requirements and communication
configuration of the HF-0405 Series RFID Controller.
Power Requirements
To function properly, the HF-0405 must be powered by a
power supply capable of providing voltages of 10 to 30
volts DC, with an Operating Range of 180mA and a Surge
Current of 250mA.
Refer to Appendix B for power supplies offered by Escort
Memory Systems.
Warning about “Hotplugging”
Never connect or disconnect the HF-0405 while the power is on. This is sometimes
referred to as “Hotplugging”. Turn power off prior to plugging or unplugging the
controller. Reapply power only after the unit is reconnected.
32
Chapter 3: Power & Communication Configuration
Serial Interface Options
There are three distinct versions of the HF-0405 RFID Controller. Each version
provides supports for one specific serial interface requirement. Prior to purchasing
one or more HF-0405 Series RFID Controllers, determine which of the three serial
interface protocols your Host and RFID application will require.
HF-0405 Model Numbers and Supported Serial
Interface Protocols
HF-0405 Model
Number
Supported Serial
Interface
Usage
Recommended
Maximum Cable
Length
HF-0405-232-01
RS232
Point-to-Point
Host/Controller
15 Meters
HF-0405-422-01
RS422
Point-to-Point
Host/Controller
50 Meters
HF-0405-485-01
RS485
Subnet16™
Multidrop bus
architecture,
support for up
to 16
connection
nodes through
HF-Gateway
Controller.
1000 Meters
33
Chapter 3: Power & Communication Configuration
RS232 Interface Connection
In a point-to-point configuration where the distance from the
Host to the HF-0405 is less than 15 meters, it is possible to
connect the two through an RS232 serial interface
connection.
The recommended cable medium for RS232 communication is produced by Belden,
part number 9941. This cable is non-paired, 22 AWG stranded (7x30) tinned copper
with S-R PVC insulation. Specifications for Belden cables can be found at
WWW.BELDEN.COM.
RS422 Interface Connection
RS422 will support cable lengths up to 50m for point-to-point
Host/Controller connections (provided adequate gauge
cabling is used for power and signals).
In installations where long cable runs must be used, or in
electrically noisy environments, RS422 is the communications standard of choice for
point-to-point serial communications. The recommended cable medium is Belden
part number 3084A, or Belden part number 3082A.
With a maximum Baud Rate of 38.4kBaud, it is generally unnecessary to terminate
the RS422 terminals to match the impedance of the cable. This provides a functional
impedance match at all baud rates up to 38.4KBaud, the maximum rate supported by
the HF-0405 RFID Controller.
The RS422 receiver within the HF-0405 RFID Controller has failsafe protection
circuitry which eliminates the need for any pull-up or pull-down resistors on the
RS422 lines.
RS485 Interface Connection
RS485 supports Subnet16™ Multidrop bus architecture and
protocol, allowing for up to 16 connection nodes on one bus
connected through a Subnet16 Gateway.
The HF-0405-485 uses an M12 (12mm Eurofast) Male 5-pin connector.
34
Chapter 3: Power & Communication Configuration
Making Connections
Connect the HF-0405 to the appropriate serial interface on the Host: RS232, RS422
or RS485.
Connecting the HF-0405 to the Host
1. Connect the female end of your M12 serial communications cable to the
male plug on the HF-0405.
2. Connect the other end of the serial communications cable to your Host’s
COM1 port (RS232 or RS422 compatible).
3. Note COM1 default settings of 9600 baud, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, no parity,
and no flow control. Make modifications if needed.
4. Connect your power supply connector to the HF-0405.
5. Turn on the power supply, LEDs on unit should illuminate.
COM Port Configuration
In normal use for reading and writing to RFID tags, communications with the HF-0405
RFID Controller can be accomplished via the COM1 serial communications port on
the Host computer. The COM 1communications interface can be accessed by both
point-to-point and addressed serial communications protocols.
For point-to-point serial communication, the HF-0405 RFID Controller supports
RS232 and RS422 as the standard protocols. For multiplexed communications
(where more than one RFID controller will be used), RS485 (Ethernet) is an available
option. Both RS232 and RS422 interfaces are optically isolated. The RS422 interface
is especially suited for long cable lengths, and for noisy environments.
Applications that require long cable runs should be configured to avoid creating data
transmission delays of over 200 milliseconds between the Host and controller.
COM Port Parameter Options
COM 1 Options and Default Settings
Configuration
Parameter
Baud Rate (in BPS)
Data Bits
Stop Bits
Parity
Handshake
Available Choices
Default Setting
1200, 2400, 4800, 9600,
19200, 38400
7, 8
0, 1
Even. Odd, None
None, Xon/Xoff
9600
None
None
35
Chapter 3: Power & Communication Configuration
Pinouts
HF-0405-232/422 Pinouts
RS232 - Pin Descriptions
RS422 - Pin Descriptions
1. 24V DC PWR
1. 24V DC PWR
2. 0V (Power GND)
2. 0V (Power GND)
3. N.C.
3. TX+
4. N.C.
4. TX-
5. N.C.
5. RX+
6. RX
6. RX-
7. TX
7. TX232
8. Shield (Communication GND)
8. Shield (Communication GND)
N.C. = Not Connected
36
Chapter 3: Power & Communication Configuration
HF-0405-485 Pinouts
RS485 - Pin Descriptions
1. Shield (Communication GND)
2. 24V DC PWR
3. 0V (Power GND)
4. TX/RX+
5. TX/RX-
37
Chapter 3: Power & Communication Configuration
The Configuration Tag
Configuration Tag Overview
In the past, RFID controllers
had multiple jumpers and
dip switches which were
used to set configuration
parameters. The HF-0405
Controllers have no
switches and are software
configurable via commands.
In the event that serial
communication parameters
are improperly assigned,
recycle power to the RFID
controller and place the
configuration card in the RF
field. When power returns to
the controller, factory default settings will be reset.
The Configuration Tag is unique for every HF-0405 Controller and contains specific
manufacturing data which can be valuable in troubleshooting a system. The
configuration tag is a 112-byte ISO 15693 compliant tag that has much of the
memory locked at the factory to prevent important data from being overwritten. As
noted above, this tag can also be used to restore factory defaults in the event that
serial communications become programmed to an unknown state. It is recommended
to write the product serial number on the tag and store it in a safe place.
For testing and demonstration purposes, certain addresses have not been locked
and can be written to. For the HF-0405-485-01 controller, this configuration tag can
be used to manually set Subnet16™ node addresses.
Configuration Tag Memory Map
The HF-0405 Configuration Tag is a 112-byte tag, where the first 16-bytes
(addresses 00 - 15) are used to store factory default settings and specific product ID
information. Some of the remaining memory is used in the manufacturing process to
record production and test data.
Using the Configuration
To restore factory default settings to the HF-0405 follow the steps below.
38
Chapter 4: LED Status
Chapter 4 ● LED Status
This chapter describes the functions of the LEDs on the HF-0405 and explains their
error condition messages.
The HF-0405 Series RFID Controllers have eight LEDs. The LEDs are conveniently
located on the top panel of the HF-0405 and display everything from RF and COM
activity to tag presence, diagnostic information and power status.
Normal LED Operation Functions
PWR
COM
RF
RF Field
LED Color
Red
Green
Yellow
Yellow
Yellow
Yellow
Yellow
Green
Function
RF
COM
Node
Node
Node
Node
Node
Power
Activity
Activity
24 (16)
23 (8)
22 (4)
21 (2)
20 (1)
On
39
Chapter 4: LED Status
LED Descriptions
RF LED, Color is Red: the RF LED will turn on when RF power is being
transmitted from the antenna and stays on during entire RF operation. By default,
this occurs each time an RF command is being executed.
COM LED, Color is Green: the COM LED indicates that data is being sent or
received. On receipt of a command, the COM LED will begin flashing on and off
rapidly. After the controller issues the command response, the COM LED
flashing will halt.
When a continuous read command is sent, the COM LED will stay on and will turn off
briefly only while data is being read or written to a tag.
Node Address LEDs, Colors are Yellow: Weighted by powers of 2, these five
LEDs indicate the serial communications type for HF-0405-232 and HF-0405422 models. For the HF-0405-485 model, the five yellow LEDs are used to
indicate the current Subnet16 address of the HF-0405-485 model (See below).
Power LED, Color is Green: Power LED will remain on while power is applied to
the HF-0405.
40
Chapter 4: LED Status
HF-0405-232 LED Status
On the HF-0405-232 model, the yellow LED 20 should be on steady state to indicate
RS232 mode.
PWR
COM
RF
RF Field
HF-0405-422 LED Status
On the HF-0405-422 model, the yellow LED 21 should be on steady state to indicate
RS422 model.
PWR
COM
RF
RF Field
41
Chapter 4: LED Status
HF-0405-485 LED Status
The five yellow LEDs on the HF-0405-485 indicate Subnet16 node address (used in
conjunction with Escort Memory Systems’ Subnet16 Gateway or Subnet16 Hub).
Weighted by powers of 2, the yellow LEDs indicate (in binary) the current Subnet16
node address assigned to the HF-0405-485. For example: 20 = 0x01 (node 1), 21 =
0x02 (node 2), 22 = 0x04 (node 4), 23 = 0x08 (node 8), 24 = 0x10 (node 16). There are
16 functional Subnet16 node addresses (1 – 16).
The HF-0405-485 is shipped with the default address of node 0. After it has been
recognized by the Subnet16 Gateway or Hub, it will be assigned the next available
Subnet16 node address (1 through 16). For configuring the node address or resetting
the node address using the configuration card, see Chapter 3 – the Configuration
Tag.
Subnet16 Node Addresses for the HF-0405-485
Node 0
R C 2 2 2 2 2 P
F O
Node 3
R C 2 2 2 2 2 P
F O
Node 6
R C 2 2 2 2 2 P
Node 1
R C 2 2 2 2 2 P
F O
Node 4
R C 2 2 2 2 2 P
F O
Node 7
R C 2 2 2 2 2 P
Node 2
R C 2 2 2 2 2 P
F O
Node 5
R C 2 2 2 2 2 P
F O
Node 8
R C 2 2 2 2 2 P
42
Chapter 4: LED Status
Node 9
R C 2 2 2 2 2 P
F O
Node 12
R C 2 2 2 2 2 P
F O
Node 15
R C 2 2 2 2 2 P
F O
Node 10
R C 2 2 2 2 2 P
F O
Node 13
R C 2 2 2 2 2 P
F O
Node 11
R C 2 2 2 2 2 P
F O
Node 14
R C 2 2 2 2 2 P
F O
Node 16
R C 2 2 2 2 2 P
F O
43
Chapter 4: LED Status
Special LED Operation Functions
Updating Firmware
(Part 1)
With the PWR LED on the
right, the LEDs will illuminate
one at a time sequentially from
right to left to indicate that the
firmware update file is being
copied to internal memory.
The LEDs will repeat this R to
L sequence until the controller
has completely received the
firmware update file.
44
Chapter 4: LED Status
Updating Firmware
(Part 2)
After the update file has been
copied to internal memory, the
LEDs will blink on and off
repeatedly during which time
the update file is being written
to flash memory.
Warning: do not cancel or
abort this operation, do not
unplug or remove power from
the controller until this
procedure is completed.
Caution: do not stop, cancel or abort the firmware update operation, AND do not
unplug or remove power from the controller under any circumstance until part 2 of
this procedure is completed.
45
Chapter 4: LED Status
Error Conditions
When an RFID operation error occurs, other than a Command Timeout, the red RF
LED and one or more yellow LEDs will flash in unison. The yellow LEDs represent
the error code in binary. The COM LED will stay on to help orient the binary LED
positions. The yellow LEDs will continue to flash the error code until a valid command
is received. If an unrecoverable error occurs, the LEDs will continuously flash the
error code until the controller has been reset.
This example depicts Error 10.
When an error occurs, the COM LED
will stay on to help orient the binary
LED positions. The power LED
should always be on when power is
applied to the HF-0405.
Please see Chapter 7, for a list of error codes and their descriptions.
46
Chapter 5: Communication Protocols
Chapter 5 ● Communication Protocols
This chapter contains an overview of the protocols used by the HF-0405 to
communicate with the Host and describes how to use them to issue RFID commands.
Communication Overview
When an RFID command is issued, the Host computer instructs the RFID controller
to perform a given task. After performing that task, the RFID controller will usually
reply back with a Command Response message indicating the status or results of the
attempted command. This response indicates whether the command was
successfully completed or if the RFID controller failed to complete the command.
ABx Command Protocols
To understand and execute RFID commands, the HF-0405 and the Host must be
able to communicate using the same language. The language that they use to
communicate RFID commands is referred to as the Command Protocol. The type of
Command Protocol that is used is known as the ABx Command Protocol, of which
there are three variations. The three versions of the ABx Command Protocol that are
supported by the HF-0405 RFID Controller are:
•
ABx Fast (default)
•
ABx ASCII
•
ABx Standard
The ABx Fast command protocol is a single byte-based packet structure that permits
the execution of RFID commands while requiring the transfer of fewer total bytes than
ABx Standard. This is the default command protocol for the HF-0405. It can be used
with or without a checksum byte.
The ABx ASCII command protocol also uses a single byte-based format that permits
the execution of RFID commands using a seven-bit ASCII character set. This can be
useful in applications reading data bytes with values from 0x00 - 0xFF or where
software flow control is required. ABx ASCII will prevent data from interrupting
communications when a control character is received. This protocol can also be used
with or without a checksum.
The ABx Standard command protocol uses a 2-byte, word-based format that shares
a common syntax and with most existing RFID systems produced by Escort Memory
Systems. This protocol offers legacy support, which may be required by existing PLC
applications that only support a 2-byte word packet format. If your application
requires compatibility with existing or legacy RFID devices from Escort Memory
Systems, use ABx Standard. ABx Standard does not support the use of a checksum
byte.
By default, the HF-0405 is configured to use ABx Fast (No Checksum). ABx Fast
(as the name suggests) is the faster and more efficient of the three ABx protocols,
offering increased communication speed and error immunity. The “No Checksum”
47
Chapter 5: Communication Protocols
option is chosen for its ease of use. However, we encourage the use of checksums
for most applications.
ABx Command Structures
In its simplest form, ABx commands are comprised of a header, a number of
parameters, and a command terminator. The structure of every ABx command will, at
the very least, contain these basic elements.
[Command Header - Command Parameters - Command Terminator]
In ABx Fast and ABx ASCII, each command begins with the 2-byte header 0x0202
and ends with the one-byte terminator 0x03. In ABx Standard, every command
begins with the one-byte header "0xAA," and ends with the two-byte terminator
"0xFFFF". See the table below for further clarification.
ABx Protocols Headers and Terminators
ABx Protocol
Header
Terminator
ABx Fast
0x0202
0x03
ABx ASCII
0x0202
0x03


0xAA
0xFFFF
ABx Standard
When a command is issued from the Host, the RFID controller stores the incoming
data packet in a buffer while it scans the data for a start character (0x0202 or 0xAA).
When a start character is found, it checks for the proper terminator (0x03,  or
0xFFFF). Having identified a potentially valid command string, the controller will verify
the format of the data and either perform the requested function or generate an error
message.
ABx Response Structures
After receiving and/or performing a command, the HF-0405 will issue a Command
Response message back to the Host. Similar in structure to ABx commands, an ABx
Command Response contains a header, a number of response values, and a
response terminator.
The response structure for all three ABx protocols consists of these same basic
elements:
[Response Header - Response Values - Response Terminator]
For all three ABx protocols, the response header and response terminator will be the
same as their command header and command terminator counterparts.
48
Chapter 5: Communication Protocols
ABx Command Parameters
ABx commands have specific parameters that may be modified depending on your
application. Some of the typical Command Parameters include: Command Size,
Packet Length, Command Timeout and Starting Address.
Command Timeout
Most ABx commands require the setting of a Timeout Value that is used to limit the
length of time that the HF-0405 will attempt to complete a specified operation.
The Timeout Value is measured in increments of 1 millisecond, with a maximum
value of 65,534 (0xFFFE) milliseconds, or slightly more than one minute.
A long timeout
value does not
necessarily
mean that a
command will
take any longer
to execute. This
value only
represents the
period of time
that the
controller will
attempt to
execute the
command.
For most ABx commands, the absolute minimum Timeout Value which can be issued
to the controller is 1 millisecond. However, we recommend 2000 milliseconds as the
shortest timeout value to use.
The HF-0405 does support a limited number of commands that will allow a Timeout
Value of 0, in which case the controller will try indefinitely to complete the issued
command. However, for the most part, a timeout value of 0 will cause the controller to
generate an error message. (See Chapter 6 for specific details regarding each ABx
command).
During Write commands, the tag must remain in the field until either the command
completes successfully, or the Timeout period has expired. If a Write command is
initiated with a tag in the antenna's active field and then the tag leaves the field
before the command has completed or times out, data may be lost or corrupted. It is
recommended that you use the longest Timeout Value permitted by your application.
Command Size
ABx Fast and ABx ASCII commands require that the byte length of the Command
Size be included as a parameter in the Command Data Packet.
To calculate the Command Size, add the number of total bytes within the Command
Data Packet while excluding the Header, Command Size, Checksum (if present) and
Terminator.
Another method for identifying the length of the Command Size is to add the number
of bytes of all Command Parameters located between (but not including) the
Command Size parameter and the Terminator or Checksum, if present (the
Command Size remains the same with or without a Checksum). The combined total
is a 2-byte value indicating the Command Size.
49
Chapter 5: Communication Protocols
Checksum Options
ABx Fast and ABx ASCII commands permit the use of an optional checksum byte.
Checksums are used to verify the integrity of the data being transmitted. To enable
the use of a checksum value, use the RFID Demonstration Utility and select ABx Fast
with Checksum or ABx ASCII with Checksum when starting the program.
The checksum is calculated by adding all byte values in the Command Data Packet
(less the header, checksum and terminator), and then subtracting the total byte sum
from 0xFF. Therefore, when the byte values of each parameter from Command Size
to Checksum are added together, the byte value sum will be 0xFF.
ABx Fast/ASCII Checksum Example
The following is an example of an ABx Fast or ABx ASCII command using a
checksum.
Field
Header
Contents
Used to
Calculate
Checksum
0x0202
n/a
Command
Size
0x0003
0x00 0x03
Command
ID
0x01
0x01
Timeout
Checksum
Terminator
0x07D0
0x07 0xD0
0x24
n/a
0x03
n/a
0x00 + 0x03 + 0x01 + 0x07 + 0xD0 = 0xDB
Thus, the equation: 0xFF – 0xDB = 0x24
50
Chapter 5: Communication Protocols
ABx Fast Command Protocol
The default command protocol used by the HF-0405 is ABx Fast (Without
Checksum). This protocol differs from ABx Standard in that the smallest addressable
data element is one byte, rather than the 2-byte “word” structure of ABx Standard.
However, ABx Fast commands and responses do contain two-byte words that
indicate the size and length of various Command Parameters. ABx Fast also
supports the use of a one-byte optional Checksum.
ABx Fast - Command Packet Structure
Field
Header
Command
Size
Command
ID
Start
Address
Read /
Write
Address
Length
Timeout
Data
Value
Byte
Checksum
Terminator
Content
0x0202
2-byte
value
indicating
packet
length in
bytes excluding
header,
command
size,
checksum
and
terminator.
1-byte
value for
Command
ID
Number
2-byte
value to
identify
the
read/write
starting
address.
2-byte
value to
identify
the
number of
addresses
to be read
or written
to.
2-byte
value
indicating
Timeout
Value
(0x0001
to
0xFFFE
in
msecs).
1-byte
value for
fill
character
or other
command
specific
data.
1-byte
optional
Checksum
1-byte
terminator
0x03
51
Chapter 5: Communication Protocols
ABx Fast – Response Packet Structure
Field
Header
Response
Size
Command
ID
Start
Address
Read /
Write
Address
Length
Timeout
Data
Value
Byte
Checksum
Terminator
Content
0x0202
2-byte
value
indicating
packet
length in
bytes excluding
header,
command
size,
checksum
and
terminator.
1-byte
value for
Command
ID
Number
2-byte
value to
identify
the
read/write
starting
address.
2-byte
value to
identify
the
number of
addresses
to be read
or written
to.
2-byte
value
indicating
Timeout
Value
(0x0001
to
0xFFFE
in
msecs).
1-byte
value for
fill
character
or other
response
specific
data.
1-byte
optional
Checksum
1-byte
terminator
0x03
52
Chapter 5: Communication Protocols
ABx ASCII Command Protocol
The ABx ASCII command protocol is based on the ABx Fast command protocol,
however, ABx ASCII goes one step further by converting command hex values into
printable ASCII characters. In another words, hex values displayed in an ABx Fast
command are transmitted as separate ASCII characters in ABx ASCII.
ABx ASCII uses the ASCII equivalent of ABx Fast’s 2-byte header and 1-Byte
terminator (that are always [STX (0x02) STX (0x02)] and [ETX (0x03)] respectively).
The values of all other fields are displayed as ASCII hex notation. The permitted
values are the numbers 0-9 and the capital letters A-F. The characters 0-9 and A-F
equal the Hex values 0x30 thru 0x39, and 0x41 thru 0x46.
ABx ASCII also supports the use of Xon/Xoff handshaking; ABx Fast and ABx
Standard do not.
See Appendix C, for a list of ASCII characters and their corresponding Hex and
Decimal values.
ABx ASCII Character Values
In ABx ASCII, the hex value 0xAB (decimal 171) is transmitted as the 2-character
string AB. For example, the 2 bytes “0x41” and “0x42” are equivalent to the ASCII
characters 'A' and 'B'.
STX = Send
Transmission,
ETX = End
Transmission
If you refer back to the ABx Fast section earlier n this chapter, you will notice that you
can structure ABx ASCII commands by using ASCII characters to represent each
digit of a hex value, excluding header and terminator which are already ASCII
characters ( and ).
ABx ASCII Command and Response Size
The ABx ASCII command protocol requires that a 2-byte value indicating the length
of the Command Size be included in the command packet. The Command Size is
calculated by adding the byte values of all parameters and data values located
between the Command Size parameter and Checksum (if used) or Terminator. The
Command Size includes the Command ID value and parameters such as address
definitions for tag Read/Writes. The Command Size remains the same with, or
without a checksum. In ABx ASCII, the Command Size and Response Size is the
combined number of Hex bytes, not the number of ASCII characters used to
represent the hex values.
53
Chapter 5: Communication Protocols
ABx ASCII - Command Packet Structure
The ABX ASCII protocol is based on the following minimal command packet structure.
Depending on the command issued and your Checksum setting, the Data Byte and
Checksum fields may not be present.
Field
Header
Command
Size
Command
ID
Data Byte Value
Checksum
Terminator
Number of
ASCII
Characters
Content

(0x02, 0x02)
Packet
length in
bytes excluding
header,
command
size,
checksum
and
terminator
Command
ID Number
1-byte value for
fill value or other
command
specific data.
Optional
Checksum

(0x03)
54
Chapter 5: Communication Protocols
ABx ASCII - Command Example
ABx ASCII Command 04 – Tag Fill Example
In this example, the RFID controller is directed to fill a number of address locations
with a specific data value byte, beginning at a specified starting address location.
When Block Size = 0, the HF-0405 will fill the tag until it reaches the end of available
memory. This command is similar to the ABx Fast version of the command.
Header

Command
Size
Command
Packet
length in
bytes excluding
header,
command
size,
checksum
and
terminator,
displayed
as a four
character
ASCII
value
(0x0008
for this
command).
<0x30>
ID
<0x34>
(04)
Start
Address
Fill
Length
Timeout
Data
Value
Byte
Checksum
Terminator
character
ASCII
value for
the
starting
tag
address
character
ASCII
value for
the
length of
the fill in
number
of bytes
character
ASCII
value for
timeout
in 1
msec
units.
(0x1E 0xFFFE)
character
ASCII
value for
1 byte of
fill.
character
ASCII
value for
optional
checksum

55
Chapter 5: Communication Protocols
ABx ASCII - Response Structure
After a successful operation, the controller will send back a response. The response
may not include the Data Byte Value or Checksum fields (depending on the
Command ID and your Checksum settings). However, if a Checksum is enabled, it
will always be returned in the Command Response.
Field
Header
Response
Size
Command
Echo
Data Byte
Value
Checksum
Terminator
Number of
ASCII
Characters
Content

(0x02, 0x02)
Packet
length in
bytes excluding
header,
command
size,
checksum
and
terminator
Command
Echo
Response
Data
Optional
Checksum

(0x03)
ABx ASCII - Error Response Structure
If the HF-0405 encounters an error during operation it will generate an error response
that follows this structure:
Field
Header
Response
Size
Error
Flag
Error Code
Checksum
Terminator
Number of
ASCII
Characters
Content

(0x02, 0x02)
Packet
length in
bytes excluding
header,
command
size,
checksum
and
terminator
0xFF
(indicates
that an
error
occurred)
1-byte Hex error
code (see error
code table for
details)
Optional
Checksum

(0x03)
56
Chapter 5: Communication Protocols
ABx ASCII Error Response Example
A block write fail error response might appear as the following ASCII character string:
Code sample: 0006FF0643
However, in Hex, the same error response would appear as:
Code Sample: 0x02 0x02 0x30 0x30 0x03 0x32 0x46 0x46
0x30 0x36 0x46 0x38 0x03
57
Chapter 5: Communication Protocols
ABx Standard Command Protocol
ABx Standard is a binary, 2-byte, word oriented protocol where data is transmitted in
2-byte increments, the Most Significant Byte (MSB) and the Least Significant Byte
(LSB). In a serial transmission, the MSB is transmitted first. Note that the MSB is
sometimes called the High Byte and the LSB is sometimes called the Low Byte.
The ABx Standard protocol uses double bytes (or one “word”) of data as its’ primary
element for transmitting and receiving information. In transmission, the first byte or
MSB of a word is the first character to come out of the Host’s COM port followed by
the LSB.
Usually, the first data word sent to the controller contain the Header and Command
ID number, followed by parameters such as read length, write length, timeout and
starting address. Whatever the combination of commands and data you enter, at no
time can the complete array string, including terminator word, exceed 50 words.
58
Chapter 5: Communication Protocols
ABx Standard - Command Packet Structure
Field
Header
Command
ID
Start
Address
Address
Length in
Bytes
Timeout
Data
Value
Byte
Terminator
Number
of
Bytes
Content
0xAA is
always the
MSB of the
first word
of an ABx
Standard
command.
The
Command
ID is
always the
LSB of the
first word.
2-byte
value for
the
address
of the first
byte of
tag
memory
to be
accessed.
2-byte
value
indicating
the number
of
contiguous
bytes to be
accessed.
2 byte
timeout
value
between
0x0001
and
0xFFFE
(1 and
65,534
msecs)
Contains
data
which
will be
written to
the tag.
Data is
included
in the
LSB
0xFFFF
ABx Standard - Command Example
The example below depicts the packet structure of the ABx Standard Command and
Response messages for Command 08 (Tag Search). In this example, the RFID
Controller is instructed to search for a tag in the RF field. A timeout of 2 seconds
(0x07D0) is set for the completion of this operation.
Command from Host
Field
Perform Command 08
(MSB/LSB)
Timeout Value (2
seconds) (MSB/LSB)
Terminator
(MSB/LSB)
Content
0xAA 0x08
0x07D0
0xFFFF
Code Sample: AA 08 07 D0 FF FF
Response from Controller
Field
Command Echo (MSB/LSB)
Terminator (MSB/LSB)
Content
0xAA 0x08
0xFFFF
Code Sample: AA 08 FF FF
59
Chapter 6: RFID Commands
Chapter 6 ● RFID Commands
For the most part, RFID commands can be divided into two primary categories:
1.
Controller Operation Commands
Controller Operation Commands are used to manually set or modify the HF0405’s internal configuration.
2.
Tag Operation Commands
Tag Operation Commands require the presence of an RFID tag in the RF
field and can be further sub-divided into Read and Write commands.
RFID Command Table
The table below contains a list of RFID commands supported by the HF-0405 RFID
Controller.
Command
ID Number
Command Name
04
Tag Fill
05
Read Data
06
Write Data
07
Read Tag Serial Number
08
Tag Search
0D
Start/Stop Continuous Read
0A
Set RS232/422 Baud Rate
36
Send Controller Configuration
37
Read Controller Configuration
38
Read Controller ID Number
A1
Reset Controller
60
Chapter 6: RFID Commands
Command 04
◘ (0x04): Tag Fill
DESCRIPTION
Fill an RFID tag with a one byte value over multiple contiguous addresses.
DISCUSSION
This command is commonly used to clear contiguous segments of a tag's memory. It
writes a one byte value repeatedly across a specified range of tag addresses.
The fill function requires one data value byte, a starting address, and a fill length. It
will then proceed to fill the tag with the data value byte, starting at the specified start
address for the specified number of consecutive bytes.
When Fill Length is set to 0, the controller will write fill data from the start address to
the end of the tag's memory. The timeout value is measured in 1 msec increments
and can have a value of 0x01 to 0xFFFE (65,534 msecs). When the timeout is set to
0, the controller will return a syntax error. If the Fill Length extends beyond the last
byte in the tag, the controller will also return an error.
Command 04 (Fill Tag) - ABx Fast Command
Structure
Command from Host
Field
Header
Command
Size
Command
ID
Start
Address
Fill
Length
Timeout
Value
Data
Value
Byte
Checksum
Terminator
Content
0x0202
2-byte
value for
command
packet
length in
Bytes
excluding
header,
command
size,
checksum
and
terminator
Command
ID
number in
Hex
(0x04)
2-Byte
value
for the
starting
tag
address
2-Byte
value
for the
length
of the
fill
2-Byte
value for
timeout
measured
in 1 msec
units.
(0x1E –
0xFFFE)
1-byte
value for
the data
byte to be
used as
fill
Optional
Checksum
0x03
61
Chapter 6: RFID Commands
Response from Controller
Field
Header
Response Size
Command Echo
Checksum
Terminator
Content
0x0202
2-byte value
indicating
response packet
length in bytes
excluding
header,
response size,
checksum and
terminator
Command ID
number in Hex
(0x04)
Optional
Checksum
0x03
Command 04 (Fill Tag) - ABx Fast Command
Example
This example instructs the HF-0405 to write the ASCII character 'A' (0x41) to the
entire tag starting at address 0x0000. A timeout of 2 seconds (0x07D0) is set for the
completion of the command.
Command from Host
Field
Header
Command
Size
Command
ID
Start
Address
Fill
Length
Timeout
Data
Value
Byte
Checksum
Terminator
Content
0x0202
0x0008
0x04
0x0000
0x0000
0x07D0
0x41
optional
0x03
Code Sample: 02 02 00 08 04 00 00 00 00 07 D0 41 03
Response from Controller
Field
Header
Response
Size
Command
Echo
Checksum
Terminator
Content
0x0202
0x0001
0x04
optional
0x03
Code Sample: 02 02 00 01 04 03
62
Chapter 6: RFID Commands
Command 04 (Fill Tag) – ABx Standard Command
Structure
Field
Command
Start
Address
Fill Length
Timeout
Data
Value
Byte
Terminator
Content
0xAA followed
by Command
ID number in
Hex (0x04).
2-byte value
indicating tag
address
where fill will
start
2-byte value
indicating
the total
number of
tag
addresses
to be filled
2-byte value
indicating
timeout
value
measured in
1 msec units
(0x01 –
0xFFFE)
1-byte
value
for the
data
byte to
be used
as fill
0xFFFF
Command 04 (Fill Tag) - ABx Standard Command
Example
In this example, the goal is to write the ASCII value 'A' (0x41) to the entire range of
tag memory starting at byte address 00. A timeout of 2 seconds (0x07D0) is set for
the completion of the command.
Command from Host
Field
Perform
Command
04
(MSB/LSB)
Start
Address =
0x0000
(MSB/LSB)
Fill Length
= 0 for all
(MSB/LSB)
Timeout
Value
(MSB/LSB)
Data Byte
Value
(MSB/LSB)
Terminator
(MSB/LSB)
Content
0xAA 0x04
0x00 0x05
0x00 0x00
0x07 0xD0
0x00 0x41
0xFF 0xFF
Code Sample: AA 04 00 00 00 00 07 D0 00 41 FF FF
Response from Controller
Field
Command 04 Echo (MSB/LSB)
Terminator (MSB/LSB)
Content
0xAA 0x04
0xFF 0xFF
Code Sample: AA 04 FF FF
63
Chapter 6: RFID Commands
Command 05
◘ (0x05): Read Data
DESCRIPTION
Read data from contiguous (sequential) areas of the RFID tag's read/write memory.
DISCUSSION
The Read Data command is used to read bytes from contiguous areas of tag
memory. This command consists of the Header and Command ID number, a Start
Address and Read Length, followed by the message Terminator.
The minimum read length is 1 byte. The maximum is the entire read/write address
space of the tag. The Timeout Value is measured in 1 msec increments and can
have a value of 0x0001 to 0xFFFE (1 to 65,534 msecs). When the Timeout is set to
0, the controller will return a syntax error. If the read range exceeds the last tag
address, the controller will return an invalid format error.
In ABx Standard, data read from the tag is returned in the LSB (Least Significant
Byte) only. The MSB (Most Significant Byte) will always be 0x00.
Command 05 (Read Data) - ABx Fast Command
Structure
Field
Header
Command
Size
Command
ID
Start
Address
Read
Length
Timeout
Checksum
Terminator
Content
0x0202
2-byte
value
indicating
packet
length in
bytes
excluding
header,
command
size,
checksum
and
terminator
1-byte
Command
ID in Hex
(0x05)
2-byte
value
for the
starting
read
address
2-byte
value
for the
length
of the
read (in
number
of
bytes)
2-byte
value for
Timeout
measured
in 1 msec
units.
(0x01 –
0xFFFE)
Optional
Checksum
0x03
64
Chapter 6: RFID Commands
Command 05 (Read Data) - ABx Fast Command
Example
This example instructs the controller to read 4 bytes of data from the tag starting at
address 0x0000. A timeout of 2 seconds (0x07D0 = 2000 x 1 msecs increments) is
set for the completion of the Read Data command.
Command from Host
Field
Header
Command
Size
Command
ID
Start
Address
Read
Length
Timeout
Checksum
Terminator
Content
0x0202
0x0007
0x05
0x0000
0x0004
0x07D0
optional
0x03
Code Sample: 02 02 00 07 05 00 00 00 04 07 D0 03
Response from Controller
Field
Header
Response
Size
Command
Echo
Data
from
address
0x0000
Data
from
address
0x0001
Data
from
address
0x0002
Data
from
address
0x0003
Checksum
Terminator
Content
0x0202
0x0005
0x05
0x05
0xAA
0xE7
0x0A
optional
0x03
Code Sample: 02 02 00 05 05 05 AA E7 0A 03
Data Read From Addresses 0x0000-0x0003 = 05 AA E7 0A
65
Chapter 6: RFID Commands
Command 05 (Read Data) - ABx Standard
Command Structure
Field
Header &
Command ID
Start Address
Read Length
Timeout
Terminator
Content
0xAA followed
by Command
ID number in
Hex (0x05)
2-byte value
for tag address
where the fill
will start
2-byte value
for the number
of bytes to be
read
Timeout value
measured in 1
msec units
(0x001E –
0xFFFE)
0xFFFF
Command 05 (Read Data) - ABx Standard
Command Example
The goal of this example is to read 10 bytes of data from the tag starting at address
00. A timeout of 2 seconds (0x07D0 = 2000 x 1 msec increments) is set for the
completion of the Block Read.
Command from Host
Field
Perform
Command 05
(MSB/LSB)
Start Byte
Address
(MSB/LSB)
Read Length
(MSB/LSB)
Timeout
(MSB/LSB)
Terminator
(MSB/LSB)
Content
0xAA 0x05
0x00 0x01
0x00 0x08
0x07 0xD0
0xFF 0xFF
Code Sample: AA 05 00 01 00 08 07 D0 FF FF
Response from Controller
Field
Command Echo
(MSB/LSB)
Read Data x N Bytes
(MSB/LSB)
Terminator
Content
0xAA 0x05
varies
0xFF 0xFF
Code Sample: AA 05 (Read Data x N-bytes) FF FF
66
Chapter 6: RFID Commands
Command 06 ◘ (0x06): Write Data
DESCRIPTION
Write data to an RFID tag.
DISCUSSION
This command is used to write segments of data to contiguous addresses of tag
memory. It is capable of transferring up to 100 bytes of data from the Host with one
command. The Write Data command consists of a header, the Command ID, the
Start Address of the Write, followed by the data value stream to be written to the
RFID tag. The timeout value is measured in 1 msec increments and can have a value
of 0x0001 to 0xFFFE (65,534 msecs). If the timeout is set to 0, the controller will
return a syntax error. If the write range exceeds the last tag address, the controller
will return an error message. The controller will also return an error if the write length
is 0.
Command 06 (Write Data) - ABx Fast Command
Structure
Field
Header
Command
Size
Command
ID
Start
Address
Write
Length
Timeout
Data
Value
Bytes
Checksum
Terminator
Content
0x0202
2-byte
value for
packet
length in
Bytes
excluding
header,
command
size,
checksum
and
terminator
0x06
2-byte
value for
the
starting
tag
address
2-byte
value for
the
number of
addresses
that will
be written
to.
2-byte
value for
timeout
measured
in 1 msec
units.
(0x1E –
0xFFFE)
1-byte
data
byte
value
to be
written
to tag
Optional
Checksum
0x03
67
Chapter 6: RFID Commands
Command 06 (Write Data) – ABx Fast Command
Example
This example writes 4 Bytes of data to the tag starting at address 0x0000. A timeout
of 2 seconds (0x07D0 = 2000 x 1 msec increments) is set for the completion of the
Block Write.
Command from Host
Field
Header
Command
Size
Command ID
Start
Address
Write
Length
Timeout
Content
0x0202
0x000B
0x06
0x0000
0x0004
0x07D0
Data to
write to
address
0x0000
Data to write
to address
0x0001
Data to write
to address
0x0002
Data to write
to address
0x0003
Checksum
Terminator
0x52
0x46
0x49
0x44
0xEE
0x03
Code Sample: 02 02 00 0B 06 00 00 00 04 07 D0 52 46 49 44 EE 03
Response from Controller
Field
Header
Response Size
Command
Echo
Checksum
Terminator
Content
0x0202
0x0001
0x06
0xF8
0x03
Code Sample: 02 02 00 01 06 F8 03
68
Chapter 6: RFID Commands
Command 06 (Write Data) – ABx Standard
Command Structure
For ABx Standard, data to be written to the tag is contained in the LSB of the Data
Byte Value, and the MSB is always 0x00.
Field
Header and
Command ID
Start
Address
Write
Length
Timeout
Data
Byte
Value
Terminator
Content
0xAA followed
by Command
ID number in
Hex (0x06)
2-byte
value for
the tag
address
where the
write will
start
2-byte value
for the
number of
tag
addresses
to be written
to
Timeout
value
measured
in 1 msec
units
(0x001E –
0xFFFE)
2-byte
value
for the
data to
be
written
to the
tag
0xFFFF
Command 06 (Write Data) – ABx Standard
Command Example
In this example, the RFID controller will write 4 bytes of data to the tag starting at
address 0x0020. A timeout of 2 seconds (0x07D0 = 2000 msecs) is set for the
completion of the Block Write.
Command from Host
Field
Perform
Command
06
Start
Address
0x0020
Write
Length =
4 Bytes
(0x0004)
Timeout
Write
Data
1=
0x52
Write
Data
2=
0x46
Write
Data
3=
0x49
Write
Data
4=
0x44
Terminator
Content
(MSB/LSB)
AA 06
00 20
00 04
07 D0
00
52
00
46
00
49
00
44
FF FF
Code Sample: AA 06 00 20 00 04 07 D0 00 52 00 46 00 49 00 44 FF FF
Response from Controller
Field
Command
Echo
Terminator
Content
(MSB/LSB)
AA 06
FF FF
Code Sample: AA 05 FF FF
69
Chapter 6: RFID Commands
Command 07
◘ (0x07): Read Tag ID (SN)
DESCRIPTION
This command retrieves the eight-byte tag ID or serial number.
DISCUSSION
Each ISO 14443 and ISO 15693 compliant tag has a unique 8 byte ID or serial
number. By using just eight bytes, manufacturers can generate over 280 trillion
possible serial numbers. Once a tag is given an ID or serial number it can not be
changed and is not part of the available read/write address space of a tag. The
timeout value is measured in 1 msec increments and can have a value of 0x001E to
0xFFFE (30 - 65,534 msecs).
Command 07 (Read Tag SN) – ABx Fast Command
Structure
Field
Header
Command
Size
Command
ID
Timeout
Checksum
Terminator
Content
0x0202
2-byte value
for packet
length in
bytes
excluding
header,
command
size,
checksum
and
terminator
(0x0003 for
this
command).
0x07
2-Byte
value for
timeout
measured
in 1 msec
units. (0x1E
– 0xFFFE)
Optional
Checksum
0x03
70
Chapter 6: RFID Commands
Command 07 (Read Tag ID) – ABx Fast Command
Example
This example will wait until a tag is in range and then reads the 8-byte ID or serial
number. In this example the serial number is F2720300000104E0.
Command from Host
Field
Header
Command
Size
Command
ID
Timeout
Checksum
Terminator
Content
0x0202
0x0003
0x07
0x07D0 (2
seconds)
0x1E
0x03
Code Sample: 02 02 00 03 07 07 D0 1E 03
Response from Controller
Field
Header
Response
Size
Command
Echo
ID/SN
Bytes
1-8
Checksum
Terminator
Content
0x0202
0x0009
0x07
0xF2
0x72
0x03
0x00
0x00
0x01
0x04
0xE0
0xA3
0x03
Code Sample: 02 02 00 09 07 F2 72 03 00 00 01 04 E0 A3 03
Tag ID/SN
Bytes 1 - 8
71
Chapter 6: RFID Commands
Command 07 (Read Tag ID) – ABx Standard
Command Structure
When running this command, the tag ID or serial number is returned in the LSB only,
with 0x00 as the MSB.
Field
Command
Timeout
Message Terminator
Content
0xAA followed by
Command ID number in
Hex (0x07)
Timeout value measured in
1 msec units (0x001E –
0xFFFE)
0xFFFF
Command 07 (Read Tag ID) – ABx Standard
Command Example
In this example, the command instructs the RFID controller to read the 8-byte ID or
serial number. In this example the Tag ID/SN is E2963C2B.
Command from Host
Field
Header & Command
ID (MSB/LSB)
Timeout Value
Message Terminator
Content
0xAA 0x07
0x07 0xD0
0xFF 0xFF
Code Sample: AA 07 07 D0 FF FF
Response from Controller
Field
Header &
Command
Echo
(MSB/LSB)
SN Byte 1
SN Byte 2
SN Byte 3
SN Byte 4
SN Byte 5
Content
AA 07
00
E2
00
96
00
SN Byte 6
SN Byte 7
SN Byte 8
Terminator (MSB/LSB)
3C
00
2B
FF FF
Code Sample: AA 07 00 E2 00 96 00 3C 00 2B FF FF
72
Chapter 6: RFID Commands
Command 08 ◘ (0x08): Tag Search
DESCRIPTION
This command instructs the RFID Controller to search for a tag in the RF field.
DISCUSSION
This command will instruct the controller to search for the presence of a tag within
range of the antenna. If the controller finds a tag it will return a command echo to the
host. The timeout value is measured in 1 msec increments and can have a value of
0x001E to 0xFFFE (30 to 65,534 msecs). When the timeout is set to 0, the controller
will return a syntax error. If no tag is present, it will return an error message.
Command 08 (Tag Search) – ABx Fast Command
Structure
Field
Header
Command
Size
Command
ID
Timeout
Checksum
Terminator
Content
0x0202
2-byte value
for packet
length in
bytes
excluding
header,
command
size,
checksum
and
terminator
0x08
2-byte
value for
timeout
measured
in 1 msec
units
(0x0001 –
0xFFFE).
Optional
Checksum
0x03
73
Chapter 6: RFID Commands
Command 08 (Tag Search) – ABx Fast Command
Example
This example checks for any RFID tag within range of the antenna. A timeout of 2
seconds (0x07D0 = 2000 msecs) is set for the completion of the Tag Search.
Command from Host
Field
Header
Command
Size
Command
ID
Timeout
Checksum
Terminator
Content
0x0202
0x0003
0x08
0x07D0
0x1D
0x03
Code Sample: 02 02 00 03 08 07 D0 1D 03
Response from Controller
Field
Header
Response
Size
Command
Echo
Checksum
Terminator
Content
0x0202
0x0001
0x08
0xF6
0x03
Code Sample: 02 02 00 01 08 F6 03
74
Chapter 6: RFID Commands
Command 08 (Tag Search) – ABx Standard
Command Structure
Field
Header & Command
ID
Timeout Value
Terminator
Content
0xAA followed by
Command ID number
in Hex (0x08)
Timeout value
measured in 1 msec
units (0x0001 –
0xFFFE)
0xFF 0xFF
Command 08 (Tag Search) – ABx Standard
Command Example
This example has the RFID Controller check for a tag in the RF field. A timeout of 2
seconds (0x07D0) is set for the completion of the Tag Search.
Command from Host
Field
Header & Command ID
(MSB/LSB)
Timeout Value
(MSB/LSB)
Terminator (MSB/LSB)
Content
0xAA 0x08
0x07 0xD0
0xFF 0xFF
Code Sample: AA 08 07 D0 FF FF
Response from Controller
Field
Header & Command
Echo (MSB/LSB)
Terminator (MSB/LSB)
Content
0xAA 0x08
0xFF 0xFF
Code Sample: AA 08 FF FF
75
Chapter 6: RFID Commands
Command 0D
Read
◘ (0x0D): Start/Stop Continuous
DESCRIPTION
This command instructs the controller to start (or stop) Continuous Read mode.
DISCUSSION
The Start/Stop Continuous Read command contains three parameters:
•
Start Address
•
Read Length
•
Delay Between Duplicate Decodes
When the HF-0405 is in Continuous Read Mode, it will constantly emit RF energy in
an attempt to read any tag that comes into range of the antenna. When a tag enters
the antenna field, it is immediately read and the data is passed to the Host. The
controller will continue to read the tag but will not re-send the same data to the Host
until the tag has moved outside the RF field for a specified time period. This
parameter is known as the Delay Between Duplicate Decodes, which prevents
redundant data transmissions when the controller is in Continuous Read mode.
Start Address
The Start Address is a 2 byte value indicating the tag’s beginning address location for
the read.
Read Length
The Read Length parameter switches the RFID Controller into (or out of) Continuous
Read mode. An entry of 1 (0x01) will set the controller into Continuous Read mode. A
read length value of 0 (0x00) will turn Continuous Read mode off.
Delay Between Duplicate Decodes
After Continuous Read mode is initiated, any tag that comes within range of the
antenna will be read and the requested data from the tag will be sent to the host. The
delay parameter represents the number of seconds that a tag must remain out of RF
range before it can be re-read for a second time. This delay is implemented to enable
the operator to limit the volume of information sent by the controller.
The Delay Between Duplicate Decodes parameter can have a value of 0 to 60
seconds. When the Delay Between Identical Decodes is set to 0, the controller will
continuously read AND transmit tag data to the host. This can flood the buffers and
cause communication errors and data loss. If the controller receives other commands
from the host, it will execute them and then resume Continuous Block Read mode.
76
Chapter 6: RFID Commands
Continuous Read Mode LED Behavior
LED
Behavior
Description
PWR
ON
The controller is powered and functioning.
COM
BLINKING
A tag has entered the RF field.
RF
ON
A tag has been read and is still in the field.
RF
OFF
A previously read tag has been out of range for the
specified time.
Command 0D (Start/Stop Continuous Read) – ABx
Fast Command Structure
Field
Header
Command
Size
Command
ID
Start
Address
Read
Length
Delay
Between
Duplicate
Decodes
Checksum
Terminator
Content
0x0202
2-byte
value for
packet
length in
bytes
excluding
header,
command
size,
checksum
and
terminator
bytes.
0x0D
2-byte
value for
the start
address
of the
read
2-byte
value for
number of
bytes to
be read
Delay
value
measured
in 1
second
units
Optional
Checksum
0x03
77
Chapter 6: RFID Commands
Command 0D (Start/Stop Continuous Read) – ABx
Fast Command Example
This example places the controller in Continuous Read mode and reads 8 Bytes of
data from the tag starting at address 0x0001. A delay between identical reads of 2
seconds (0x0002 = 2 x 1 second increments) is set.
Command from Host
Field
Header
Command
Size
Command
ID
Start
Address
Read
Length
Delay
Between
Duplicate
Decodes
Checksum
Terminator
Content
0x0202
0x0006
0x0D
0x0001
0x0008
0x02
0xE1
0x03
Code Sample: 02 02 00 06 0D 00 01 02 E1 03
Response from Controller
Field
Header
Response
Size
Command
Echo
Checksum
Terminator
Content
0x0202
0x0001
0x0D
0xE1
0x03
Code Sample: 02 02 00 01 0D E1 03
78
Chapter 6: RFID Commands
Command 0D (Start/Stop Continuous Read) – ABx
Standard Command Structure
Field
Header &
Command ID
Start Address
Read Length
Delay
Between
Identical
Decodes
Terminator
Content
0xAA followed
by Command
ID number in
Hex (0x0D)
2 byte value
for the start
address of the
read
2 byte value
for the number
of bytes to be
read.
Time the tag
must be out of
RF field before
controller will
transmit data
again from
same tag.
Value is
expressed in 1
second units.
0xFFFF
Command 0D (Start/Stop Continuous Read) – ABx
Standard Command Example
This example places the controller in Continuous Read mode and reads 8 bytes of
data from the tag starting at address 0x0001. The delay between identical reads is
set to 2 seconds (in this example 0x0002 = 2 seconds).
Starting Continuous Read Mode
Command from Host
Field
Perform
Command 0D
Start
Address
(MSB/LSB)
(MSB/LSB)
Read Length
(8 Bytes)
(MSB/LSB)
Delay
Between
Identical
Decodes
Terminator
(MSB/LSB)
(2 seconds)
(MSB/LSB)
Content
0xAA 0x0D
0x00 0x01
0x00 0x08
0x00 0x02
0xFF 0xFF
Code Sample: AA 0D 00 01 00 08 00 02 FF FF
79
Chapter 6: RFID Commands
Response from Controller
The controller will first return an acknowledgment of the command followed by a response containing
read data when a tag enters the antenna field.
Field
Content
Command Echo
Read Data Bytes 1-8
Terminator
(MSB/LSB)
(MSB/LSB)
(MSB/LSB)
0xAA 0x0D
0x00 0x52
0xFF 0xFF
0x00 0x46
0x00 0x49
0x00 0x44
0x00 0x41
0x00 0x20
0x00 0x54
0x00 0x61
Code Sample: AA 0D 00 52 00 46 00 49 00 44 00 41 00 20 00 54 00 61 FF FF
Stopping Continuous Read Mode
To exit out of Continuous Read mode, re-issue Command 0D with the read length variable set to 0
(0x00 0x00), as shown below.
Command from Host
Field
Perform
Command 0D
Start address
Read Length
(MSB/LSB)
(0 Bytes =
ends
continuous
read mode)
(MSB/LSB)
Content
0xAA 0x0D
0x00 0x01
Delay
Between
Duplicate
Decodes
Terminator
(MSB/LSB)
(2 seconds)
(MSB/LSB)
(MSB/LSB)
0x00 0x00
0x00 0x02
0xFF 0xFF
Code Sample: AA 0D 00 01 00 00 00 02 FF FF
80
Chapter 6: RFID Commands
Response from Controller
Field
Content
Command Echo
Terminator
(MSB/LSB)
(MSB/LSB)
0xAA 0x0D
0xFF 0xFF
Code Sample: AA 0D FF FF
81
Chapter 6: RFID Commands
Command 0A
◘ (0x0A): Set RS232/422 Baud Rate
DESCRIPTION
This command controls the Baud Rate of the serial communications protocol for
Serial Port COM 1.
DISCUSSION
This command is used to change the Baud Rate from the default of 9600bps. After
this command has been initiated, communications with the RFID Controller will cease
until the Host has re-established communications at the new rate. The following baud
rates can be set using the corresponding hex value in the command.
Baud Rate Variables
MSB
LSB
Comments
00
0C
1200
00
30
4800
00
60
9600 (default setting)
00
C0
19200
01
80
38400
02
40
57600
04
80
115200
82
Chapter 6: RFID Commands
Command 0A (Set Baud Rate) – Command
Example
This example changes the baud rate to 19200.
Command from Host
Field
Perform Command 0A
(MSB/LSB)
Change Baud Rate to
19200 (MSB/LSB)
Terminator (MSB/LSB)
Content
0x00 0x0A
0x00 0xC0
0xFF 0xFF
Interface
Type
Hex Value
Baud
Rate
Hex Value
RS232
00E8
300
012C
RS422
01A6
600
0258
1200
04B0
2400
0960
4800
12C0
Data
Bits
Hex Value
9600
2580
0008
19200
4B00
0007
Parity
None
Hex Value
0001
Even
0002
Odd
0003
Stop
Bits
Hex Value
0001
0002
83
Chapter 6: RFID Commands
◘ (0x36): Send Controller
Command 36
Configuration
Use the RFID Demonstration Utility to run Commands 36, 37, 38 and A1. The RFID
Demonstration Utility can be downloaded from:
http://www.ems-rfid.com/hf-series.html.
After installing and starting the utility, click COMMAND and select 36H from the drop
down menu.
84
Chapter 6: RFID Commands
The following configuration box will appear.
At this screen you can change the following settings:
•
Tag Type
•
Command Protocol
•
Baud Rate
When you are done making changes click “SEND SETTINGS”. The new settings will
be sent to the HF-0405 controller.
Command Code Sample:
02 02 00 18 36 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 60 00 00 00 01 00
00 41 08 00 00 00 00 03
Response Code Sample:
02 02 00 01 36 03
85
Chapter 6: RFID Commands
◘ (0x37): Read Controller
Command 37
Configuration
Use the RFID Demonstration Utility to run Command 37.
After starting the utility, click COMMAND and select 37H from the drop down menu.
86
Chapter 6: RFID Commands
The following configuration box will appear.
At this screen click “UPLOAD SETTINGS”. The current settings from the controller
will be uploaded to the RFID Demonstration Utility.
Command Code Sample:
02 02 00 02 37 01 03
Response Code Sample:
02 02 00 14 37 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 60 00 00 00 01 00
00 54 05 03
87
Chapter 6: RFID Commands
Command 38
◘ (0x38): Read Controller SN
Use the RFID Demonstration Utility to run Command 38. This command is used to
read the RFID Controller hardware serial number.
After starting the utility, click COMMAND and select 38H from the drop down menu.
The RFID Demonstration Utility will return information similar to the following:
Read reader/writers information response:
Reader/writer type:
Version:
0.0T.5
HRDWR VER:
01
Block 0, 1, and 2 CRC: 986E
Block 3, and 4 CRC:
RC632 ID:
RC632 RFU:
986E
30FFFF0F04
000000
RC632 Serial Number: 05E19644
88
Chapter 6: RFID Commands
RC632 internal:
RC632 RsMaxP:
B669
65
RC632 Information CRC: A6
Command Code Sample: 02 02 00 01 38 03
Response Code Sample: 02 02 00 1B 38 01 00 00 54 05 01 98 6E
98 6E 30 FF FF 0F 04 00 00 00 05 E1 96 44 B6 69 65 A6 03
89
Chapter 6: RFID Commands
Command A1
◘ (0xA1): Reset Controller
Use the RFID Demonstration Utility to run Command A1. This command is used to
reset the RFID Controller.
After starting the utility, click COMMAND and select A1H from the drop down menu.
The controller will be reset to factory default settings.
Command Code Sample: 02 02 00 01 A1 03
Response Code Sample; 02 02 00 01 A1 03
90
Chapter 7: ABx Error Codes
Chapter 7 ● ABx Error Codes
The RFID controller will return an error code (in Hex) if it encounters a fault during
operation. ABx errors are caused, primarily by improperly entering command
parameter syntax. Entering an incorrect length value, for example, will generate an
error.
If the controller is powered down and looses its internal configuration, simply
executing any command could generate errors. When a non-contiguous read or write
command is issued to the controller, yet no such address was pre-configured, an
error will result. This error occurs when the user does not configure the controller with
the list of non-contiguous read/write addresses.
In ABx Standard, the error code will be returned in the LSB of the second register of
the response.
The table below lists ABx error codes and their descriptions.
ABx Error Code Table
Error Code
Description
0x01
Non-contiguous Read has failed
0x02
Non-contiguous Write has failed
0x03
Non-contiguous Read/Write Configuration has failed
0x04
Fill Operation has failed
0x05
Block Read has failed
0x06
Block Write has failed
0x07
Block Write security error
0x08
Search Tag Operation failed
0x19
Protected Address violation
0x20
Non-contiguous Read/Write attempted without Pre-Configuration
0x21
Input Command does not match pre-defined format (syntax error)
91
Chapter 7: ABx Error Codes
ABx Fast Error Response Structure
The structure of an ABx Fast error response is shown below (where XX is a 1-byte
value indicating the error that occurred).
Field
Header
Response
Size MSB
Response
Size LSB
Error
Flag
Error
Code
Checksum
Terminator
Content
0x0202
0x00
0x02
0xFF
0xXX
optional
0x03
ABx FAST ERROR RESPONSE EXAMPLE
A Block Write fail (error code 0x06) message would appear (in Hex) as the following:
Code Sample: 0202 0002 FF06 F803
92
Chapter 7: ABx Error Codes
ABx ASCII Error Response Structure
The Structure of an ABx ASCII error response is shown below.
Field
Header
Response Size
Error
Flag
Error
Code
Checksum
Terminator
Number of
ASCII
Characters
Contents

(0x02, 0x02)
Packet length in bytes
excluding the header,
response size,
checksum and
terminator bytes
0xFF
1-byte
Hex
error
code
Optional
Checksum
 0x03
ABx ASCII ERROR RESPONSE EXAMPLE
A Block Write fail (error code 0x06) message would appear as the ASCII character
string:
Code Sample: 0002FF06F8
In Hex, the same error is displayed as the following string:
Code Sample: 0x02, 0x02, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x32, 0x46, 0x46,
0x30, 0x36, 0x46, 0x38, 0x03
93
Chapter 7: ABx Error Codes
ABx Standard Error Response Structure
The Structure of the ABx Standard error response from the RFID Controller is shown
below.
Field
Content
Command
Error Header
Command
Error Header
Error
Code
MSB
LSB
MSB
0xAA
0xFF
0x00
Error Code
LSB
(Error
Code
Value in
Hex)
Message
Terminator
Message
Terminator
MSB
LSB
0xFF
0xFF
ABx STANDARD ERROR RESPONSE EXAMPLE
A Block Write fail (error code 0x06) response would appear as the following:
Field
Content
Command
Error Header
Command
Error Header
Error
Code
Error
Code
Message
Terminator
Message
Terminator
MSB
LSB
MSB
LSB
MSB
LSB
0xAA
0xFF
0x00
0x06
0xFF
0xFF
Code Sample: AA FF 00 06 FF FF
94
Chapter 8: Troubleshooting
Chapter 8 ● Troubleshooting
This chapter is designed to help if you are having difficulties using the HF-0405.
HF-0405 Troubleshooting Table
Problem Symptom
Possible Reason
Resolution
Controller LEDs not
functioning
Check power
Unable to read tag
Check proximity to
controller,
Try different tag
Etc.
Etc.
Contact Technical Support
Hours of Operation
7am-5pm PST
Escort Memory Systems
Technical Support Department
170 Technology Circle
Scotts Valley, CA 95066 U.S.A
•
Phone: 831.438.7000 Ext. 259 or Ext. 257
•
Toll Free: 800.626.3993
•
Fax: 831.438.5768
•
Email: tech_support@ems-rfid.com
95
Appendix A: Specifications
Appendix A ● Specifications
HF-0405 Data Sheet
•
Low Cost 13.56MHz RFID Controller with
Integrated Antenna
•
Small Form Factor 40mm x 56mm x
25mm
•
Reads/Writes ISO 14443A/B, ISO 15693
and ICODE 1 RIFD tags (LRP/HMS-series
compatible)
•
RS232 or RS422 Point to Point Serial
Interfaces or RS485 MUX32 protocol
•
IP67 Rated
•
Fully Encapsulated Electronics
•
7 LED Status Indicator Lights
•
Downward Compatible with HMS827, HMS828, LRP75 and LRP76 products
•
Flash Memory for Software Upgrades
•
Unique Serial Number ID on Every Controller
•
Software Configurable
•
FCC/CE/ARIB T-82 Agency Compliance Certification (Pending)
96
Appendix A: Specifications
Technical Specifications
•
Read/Write Range Up To: 100mm (ISO 15693) / 50mm (ISO 14433) with ISO
Card Tags
•
Supply Voltage: 12-24VDC ±10%; 150mA@24VDC (3.60W)
•
26.5kBaud/106kBaud Air Protocols with CRC Error Detection
•
RS232/RS422 Baud Rates: 9600, 19.2k, 38.4k, 57.6k, 115.2k
•
RS485 Baud Rate: 9600 or 115.2k
•
7 Discrete LED Indicators: Power, Serial Communication, RF Activity, MUX
Address, System Diagnostics and Controller Status
•
Connector: M12 Circular Male IP67 (8-pin for RS232/422; 5-pin for RS485)
•
Physical Dimensions: 40mm x 56mm x 25mm
•
Internal Antenna Dimensions: 36mm x 36mm
•
Operating Temperature: -20° to 50°C (-4° to 122°F)
•
Storage Temperature: -40° to 85°C (-40° to 185°)
•
Humidity 100%
•
Protection Class IP67
•
Shock Resistance IEC 68-2-27 Test EA 30g; 11msecs; 3 Shocks Each Axis
•
Vibration Resistance IEC 68-2-6 Test FC 1.5mm; 10 to 55Hz; 2 Hours Each Axis.
97
Appendix C: ASCII Chart
Appendix B ● Models and Accessories
HF-0405-232-01
Stock Code
Quantity
00-3000
20-1940
20-5918
1.00
2.00
2.00
14-3137
1.00
Description
Configuration Tag for HF-0405-232
ICODE SLI,54MM X 86MM
Screw, (M4-20 PPH SS 18-8\302)
Hex Nut, (M4 SS 18-8\302)
Mounting Bracket for HF-0405, NORYL, BLACK
GTX830
HF-0405-422-01
Stock Code
Quantity
00-3001
20-1940
20-5918
1.00
2.00
2.00
14-3137
1.00
Description
Configuration Tag for HF-0405-422
ICODE SLI,54MM X 86MM
Screw, (M4-20 PPH SS 18-8\302)
Hex Nut, (M4 SS 18-8\302)
Mounting Bracket for HF-0405, NORYL, BLACK
GTX830
HF-0405-485-01
Stock Code
Quantity
00-3002
20-1940
20-5918
1.00
2.00
2.00
14-3137
1.00
Description
Configuration Tag for HF-0405-485
ICODE SLI,54MM X 86MM
Screw, (M4-20 PPH SS 18-8\302)
Hex Nut, (M4 SS 18-8\302)
Mounting Bracket for HF-0405, NORYL, BLACK
GTX830
98
Appendix C: ASCII Chart
HF-0405 Compatible Accessories
Tags
Escort Memory Systems designs and manufactures several lines of RFID tags and
transponders. In particular, the LRP and HMS series passive read/write RFID tags
perform well with HF-0405 controllers. Our HMS tags are tuned slightly off frequency
which improves the inductive coupling characteristics of the tag.
Cables
RS485 cables, connectors, Subnet16, Trunk line and Drop-T parts and accessories
are available.
Current rating for cables:
•
ThinNet will support 6.4A
•
ThickNet will support 17.6A power and ground; 13.6A for data.
•
12mm connectors will support 3A.
Power Supplies
EMS offers universal power supplies with 24V DC output.
99
Appendix C: ASCII Chart
Appendix C ● ASCII Chart
100
Appendix D: RFID Terminology & Definitions
Appendix D ● RFID Terminology &
Definitions
TERM
DEFINITION
Active Tag
An RF tag (transponder) which is partly or completely battery-powered.
Batteries may be replaceable or sealed internally.
Addressability
The ability to address bits, fields, pages, files or other areas of memory
in a transponder.
Alignment
An indication of the orientation of the transponder, relative to the
controller antenna (this is sometimes referred to as the coupling).
Alphanumeric
Denoting that information contains alphabet characters and numeric
characters. For example: A1234C9. A string of alphanumeric data can
also contain other printable characters such as punctuation marks.
Antenna
The antenna is the part of the controller that radiates RF energy to, and
receives energy from the transponder.
ASCII
American Standard Code for Information Interchange. A computer code
consisting of 128 alphanumeric and control characters, each encoded
with 7 bits, used for the exchange of information between computer
devices.
ASCII Protocol
This is a simple protocol that you can use to send ASCII character
commands to the controller. It is possible to use a standard terminal
emulator program to send ASCII commands. The ASCII full-duplex
protocol can only be used with RS232 or RS422.
Asynchronous
Transmission
A method of data transmission that doesn't require timing information in
addition to data. The beginnings and ends of characters, or blocks of
characters, are indicated by start and stop bits.
Baud
The rate at which a data channel transfers bits of information. The rate is
measured in Bits Per Second (BPS).
Binary
A numbering system in which numbers are expressed as combinations
of digits 0 and 1, based on powers of 2. In computing these can be
represented electrically as 'on' or 'off'.
101
Appendix D: RFID Terminology & Definitions
TERM
DEFINITION
Binary Coded Decimal
A number in binary code always written in groups of four bits, each group
representing one digit of the number, for example 0011 1001 is 39.
Byte
Eight bits of data (0x00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07)
Capacity
A measure of the maximum amount of information that can be stored in a
transponder. The amount may be a few bits or bytes assessable to the
user, or may include addresses reserved to the manufacturer.
Capture
Field/Area/Zone
The region of the electromagnetic field, generated by the antenna, in
which transponders will operate.
Checksum (CSUM)
An addition to the contents of a block of data. This code can then be
checked before and after transmission to determine whether the data
has been corrupted or lost (see also: CRC).
Continuous
A mode of operation, in which the controller repeatedly attempts to issue
a specific command (at set time intervals).
Read
ASCII Control
Characters
The ASCII character set is made up of all the possible combinations that
can be made with 7 bits of information. Many of these bit patterns are
mapped against recognizable characters which can be displayed on a
screen or printer, while others are defined as control characters, whose
functions are to control devices such as printers (see Appendix C: ASCII
Chart ).
CRC
Cyclic Redundancy Check
Data Transfer Rate
The number of characters that can be transferred within a given time.
Download
The process of transferring controller configuration data from host PC to
the RFID controller.
102
Appendix D: RFID Terminology & Definitions
TERM
DEFINITION
Frequency
The number of times a signal executes a complete excursion through its
maximum and minimum values and returns to the same value (cycles).
•
LF Low Frequency 30 kHz to 300 kHz
•
MF Medium Frequency 300 kHz to 3 MHz
•
HF High Frequency 3 MHz to 30 MHz
•
VHF Very High Frequency 30 MHz to 300 MHz
•
UHF Ultra High frequency 300 MHz to 3 GHz
Handshaking
A mechanism for the regulation of the flow of data between devices. For
example: Handshaking can be used to prevent a controller from
temporarily overwhelming the host with Command Response data.
Hexadecimal (Hex)
A method of numerically representing data based on the number 16. Hex
notation uses the numbers 0 to 9 and letters A to F (where the decimal
number 10 is represented in hexadecimal as 'A'). In this guide Hex
values are preceded by 0x, as in “address 0xFFFE” (it is also considered
correct to append Hex values with a lower case h, as in “interrupt 20h”).
Host Computer
The computer that issues commands to and receives responses from the
RFID controller.
In Field Reporting
A mode of operation in which the controller reports a transponder ID on
entering the field and will not return further reports of that transponder
until a prescribed time interval has elapsed.
Interface
An electrical or physical standard for the interconnection of devices.
Interrogator
Synonymous with RFID controller.
ISM
Industry, Science & Medical
LED
Light Emitting Diode
LF
Low Frequency
LSB
Least Significant Byte. Also referred to as the Low Byte or second byte in
a 2-byte “word.”
103
Appendix D: RFID Terminology & Definitions
TERM
DEFINITION
Memory Card
A Read/Write or re-programmable transponder in credit card size. Data
can be accessed via direct contact, through a microprocessor (smart
card) or via a non-contact RF link.
MSB
Most Significant Byte. Also referred to as the High Byte or first byte in a
2-byte “word.”
Multidrop
Multiple devices at various locations connected in parallel (or acting
similar to parallel devices). RS-485 (2-wire or 4-wire) supports Multidrop
RFID controller configurations.
MUX
Multiplexer
Noise
Unwanted ambient electrical signals found in the operating environment
of RFID equipment.
OEM
Outside Engineering Manufacturer or Original Equipment Manufacturer.
Orientation
The alignment of a transponder with respect to the RFID controller’s
antenna.
Out of Field Reporting
A mode of operation in which the data from a transponder is reported
only after the transponder has left the capture field of the controller.
Parity
A technique used to detect data transmission errors by adding an extra
bit to each character. This bit is set to 1 or 0 to make the total number of
bits ODD or EVEN, depending on the type of parity in use.
Passive Tags
An RFID transponder that does not contain any internal power source
(such as a battery). It is powered by electromagnetic signals generated
from an RFID antenna.
PCB
Printed Circuit Board
Penetration
This term is used to indicate the ability of a particular radio frequency to
pass through non-metallic materials. Low frequency tagging systems are
said to have good penetrative properties as their transponders can be
read when behind or encased in other materials. Microwave tagging
systems, while having greater ranges, are less capable of penetration of
materials.
PLC
Programmable Logic Controller
104
Appendix D: RFID Terminology & Definitions
TERM
DEFINITION
Polar Field
A graphical representation of the RF field strength of a transmitting
antenna.
Protocol
A set of rules governing the flow of information in a communications
system.
Range
The distance between the antenna and a tag or transponder in an RFID
system at which signals can be properly received.
Read
The action of obtaining information contained in a tag.
Reader
The device containing the digital electronics that extract information from
a transponder and passes the data on to a host computer. Synonymous
with RFID controller.
Read Only
A tag that has certain information written into it (usually during
manufacturing) and thereafter can only be read.
Read Rate
The maximum rate at which the complete data string can be transferred
from a transponder to an RFID controller.
Read/Write
A type of tag that allows new data to be written into it, or that permits the
current data to be changed.
Reader/Writer
An RFID device that can act as both reader and writer to a tag.
Synonymous with RFID controller.
Response Packet
The string of data sent from the RFID controller to the Host after a
command has been issued.
RF
Radio Frequency
RFID
Radio Frequency Identification
RF Tag
See Transponder
RS232
A common physical interface standard specified by the EIA for the
interconnection of devices. The standard allows for a single device to be
connected (point-to-point) at baud rates up to 9600 bps, and at distances
up to 15 meters.
105
Appendix D: RFID Terminology & Definitions
TERM
DEFINITION
RS422
A balanced connection interface standard similar to RS232, but using
differential voltages across twisted pair wires. RS422 is more noise
immune that RS232 and can be used to connect single or multiple
devices to a master unit, at distances up to 3000 meters.
RS485
An enhanced version of RS422, which permits multiple devices
(commonly up to 32) to be attached to a twisted pair wire bus at
distances of over a kilometer.
Rx
Receive
SCI
Serial Communications Interface
Serial Interface
A physical standard for the interconnection of devices. Common serial
interfaces include:
•
RS232
•
RS422
•
RS485
Synchronization
A mechanism that allows multiple RFID controllers to operate in close
proximity by synchronization of their transmissions.
Tag
See Transponder
Transponder
An electronic TRANSmitter / resPONDER which is attached to an object
to be identified and, when appropriate RF signals are received, transmits
information as radio signals to a RFID controller. Synonymous with Tag.
Tx
Transmit
Write
The transfer of data to a tag.
Write Rate
The rate at which data can be transferred to a tag, written into the tag’s
memory and verified as correct. It is measured in bits per second.
106
Index
Index
13.56 MHZ ......................................................................................................................................................... See
configuration tag.................................................................................................................................................. 44
dimensions .......................................................................................................................................................... 24
inductive coupling............................................................................................................................................... 10
IP67 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 20
ISM...................................................................................................................................................................... 10
mounting the HF-0405......................................................................................................................................... 28
package contents.................................................................................................................................................. 16
RFID Case Studies............................................................................................................................................. 21
RFID Demonstration Utility ................................................................................................................................ 20
RFID Installation Checklist ................................................................................................................................. 25
RFID Strategy...................................................................................................................................................... 21
Software Updates............................................................................................................................................... 19
user supplied components ................................................................................................................................. 17
107
Index
108

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Creator                         : PScript5.dll Version 5.2
Author                          : Swogar
Producer                        : Acrobat Distiller 5.0 (Windows)

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