4045B DDS Function Generator Manual

2014-04-30

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1 Introduction
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.2 Description
- 1.3 Specifications
2 Installation
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Package Contents
- 2.3 Instrument Mounting
- 2.4 Power Requirements
- 2.5 Fuse Replacement
- 2.6 Grounding Requirements
- 2.7 Signal Connections
3 Operating Instructions
- 3.1 General Description
- 3.2 Display Window
- 3.3 Front Panel Controls
- 3.4 Connectors
- 3.5 Output Connections
- 3.6 MENU Keys
- 3.7 ON Key
- 3.8 Cursor Keys
- 3.9 Rotary Input Knob
- 3.10 Power-On Settings
- 3.11 Memory
- 3.12 Displaying Errors
- 3.13 Quick Start
4 Programming
- 4.1 Overview
  - 4.1.1 Connecting to USB (Virtual COM) Interface
  - 4.1.2 USB (Virtual COM) Settings
- 4.2 Device States
  - 4.2.1 Local State (LOCS)
  - 4.2.2 Remote State (REMS)
- 4.3 Message Exchange Protocol
- 4.4 Instrument Identification
- 4.5 Instrument Reset
- 4.6 Command Syntax
  - 4.6.1 General Command Structure
- 4.7 Status Reporting
  - 4.7.1 The Error Queue
  - 4.7.2 Error Codes
- 4.8 COMMON COMMANDS
- 4.9 INSTRUMENT CONTROL COMMANDS
  - 4.9.1 Default Subsystem
  - 4.9.2 Arbitrary Subsystem

Model: 4045B

Arbitrary Function

Generator

USER MANUAL

Safety Summary

The following safety precautions apply to both operating

and maintenance personnel and must be observed

during all phases of operation, service, and repair of this

instrument. Before applying power, follow the installation

instructions and become familiar with the operating

instructions for this instrument.

If this device is damaged or something is missing,

contact the place of purchase immediately.

This manual contains information and warnings that

must be followed to ensure safe operation as well as

maintain the meter in a safe condition.

GROUND THE INSTRUMENT

To minimize shock hazard, the instrument chassis and

cabinet must be connected to an electrical ground. This

instrument is grounded through the ground conductor of

the supplied, three-conductor ac power cable. The

power cable must be plugged into an approved three-

conductor electrical outlet. Do not alter the ground

connection. Without the protective ground connection,

all accessible conductive parts (including control knobs)

can render an electric shock. The power jack and

mating plug of the power cable must meet IEC safety

standards.

DO NOT OPERATE IN AN EXPLOSIVE

ATMOSPHERE

Do not operate the instrument in the presence of

flammable gases or fumes. Operation of any electrical

instrument in such an environment constitutes a definite

safety hazard.

KEEP AWAY FROM LIVE CIRCUITS

Instrument covers must not be removed by operating

personnel. Component replacement and internal

adjustments must be made by qualified maintenance

personnel. Disconnect the power cord before removing

the instrument covers and replacing components.

Under certain conditions, even with the power cable

removed, dangerous voltages may exist. To avoid

injuries, always disconnect power and discharge circuits

before touching them.

DO NOT SERVICE OR ADJUST ALONE

Do not attempt any internal service or adjustment unless

another person, capable of rendering first aid and

resuscitation, is present.

DO NOT SUBSTITUTE PARTS OR MODIFY THE

INSTRUMENT

Do not install substitute parts or perform any

unauthorized modifications to this instrument. Return

the instrument to B&K Precision for service and repair to

ensure that safety features are maintained.

WARNINGS AND CAUTIONS

WARNING and CAUTION statements, such as the

following examples, denote a hazard and appear

throughout this manual. Follow all instructions

contained in these statements.

A WARNING statement calls attention to an operating

procedure, practice, or condition, which, if not followed

correctly, could result in injury or death to personnel.

A CAUTION statement calls attention to an operating

procedure, practice, or condition, which, if not followed

correctly, could result in damage to or destruction of part

or all of the product.

WARNING:

Do not alter the ground connection. Without the

protective

ground connection, all accessible

conductive parts (including control knobs) can

render an electric shock. The power jack and mating

plug of the power cable meet IEC safety standards.

WARNING:

To avoid electrical shock hazard, disconnect power

cord before removing covers. Refer servicing to

qualified personnel.

CAUTION:

Before connecting the line cord to the AC mains,

check the rear panel AC line voltage indicator.

Applying a line voltage other than the indicated

voltage can destroy the AC line fuses. For continued

fire protection, replace fuses only with those of the

specified voltage and current ratings.

CAUTION:

This product uses components which can be

damaged by electro

static discharge (ESD). To avoid

damage, be sure to follow proper procedures for

handling, storing and transporting parts and

subassemblies which contain ESD

sensitive

components.

Compliance Statements

Disposal of Old Electrical & Electronic Equipment

(Applicable in the European

Union and other European countries with

separate collection systems)

This product is subject to

Directive 2002/96/EC of the

European

Parliament and the Council

of the European Union on

waste

electrical and electronic

equipment (WEEE) , and in

jurisdictions

adopting that Directive, is

marked as being put on the

market after August 13,

2005, and should not be

disposed of as unsorted

municipal waste. Please

utilize your local WEEE

collection

facilities in the disposition

of this product and

otherwise observe all

applicable requirements.

Safety Symbols

Refer to the user manual for warning

information to avoid hazard or personal

injury and prevent damage to instrument.

Chassis (earth ground) symbol.

On (Power). This is the In position of the

power switch when instrument is ON.

Off (Power). This is the Out position of

the power switch when instrument is OFF.

On (Supply). This is the AC mains

connect/disconnect switch at the back of

the instrument.

Off (Supply). This is the AC mains

connect/disconnect switch at the back of

the instrument.

CE Declaration of Conformity

The model 4045B meets the requirements of

2006/95/EC Low Voltage Directive and 2004/108/EC

Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive with the

following standards.

Low Voltage Directive

- EN61010

Safety requirements for electrical

equipment for measurement, control,

and laboratory use.

EMC Directive

- EN55011

For radiated and conducted emissions.

- EN55082

Electrical discharge immunity

1 INTRODUCTION .................... 12

1.1 Introduction ........................................... 12

1.2 Description ........................................... 12

1.3 Specifications ....................................... 13

2 INSTALLATION ..................... 18

2.1 Introduction ........................................... 18

2.2 Package Contents ................................ 18

2.3 Instrument Mounting ............................. 19

2.4 Power Requirements ............................ 19

2.5 Fuse Replacement................................ 20

2.6 Grounding Requirements ...................... 20

2.7 Signal Connections ............................... 21

3 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS

3.1 General Description .............................. 22

3.2 Display Window .................................... 24

3.3 Front Panel Controls ............................. 24

3.4 Connectors ........................................... 24

3.5 Output Connections .............................. 25

3.6 MENU Keys .......................................... 27

3.6.1 WAVEFORM Keys ....................... 27

3.6.2 MODE Key .................................... 29

3.6.3 UTILITY Key ................................. 32

3.6.4 SWEEP Key ................................. 34

3.6.5 MODULATION Key ...................... 36

3.7 ON Key .................................................48

3.8 Cursor Keys ..........................................49

3.9 Rotary Input Knob .................................49

3.10 Power-On Settings ..............................49

3.11 Memory ...............................................50

3.12 Displaying Errors ................................51

3.13 Quick Start ..........................................52

3.13.1 Selecting a Standard Waveform

................................................................ 52

3.13.2 Setting the Output ................... 52

3.13.3 Using Voltage Offset ............... 53

3.13.4 Storing and Recalling a

Waveform Generator Setup .................. 53

4 PROGRAMMING ................... 60

4.1 Overview ..............................................60

4.1.1 Connecting to USB (Virtual COM)

Interface.................................................. 60

4.1.2 USB (Virtual COM) Settings ....... 66

4.2 Device States .......................................67

4.2.1 Local State (LOCS) ..................... 67

4.2.2 Remote State (REMS) ................. 67

4.3 Message Exchange Protocol ...............67

4.3.1 The Input Buffer .......................... 68

4.3.2 The Output Queue ....................... 68

4.3.3 Response Messages ................... 68

4.4 Instrument Identification ....................... 69

4.5 Instrument Reset ................................. 69

4.6 Command Syntax ............................... 69

4.6.1 General Command Structure ..... 69

4.7 Status Reporting .................................. 74

4.7.1 The Error Queue .......................... 74

4.7.2 Error Codes ................................. 75

4.8 COMMON COMMANDS ...................... 80

4.8.1 System Data Commands ............ 80

4.8.2 Internal Operation Commands ... 80

4.8.3 Device Trigger Commands ......... 81

4.8.4 Stored Settings Commands ....... 81

4.9 INSTRUMENT CONTROL COMMANDS

.................................................................... 82

4.9.1 Default Subsystem ...................... 83

4.9.2 Arbitrary Subsystem ................... 99

1 Introduction

1.1 Introduction

This manual contains information required to operate the

B&K Precision model 4045B Arbitrary Function

Generator. This section covers the instrument’s general

description, specifications, and characteristics.

1.2 Description

The 4045B is a versatile high performance function

generators with arbitrary capabilities. Implemented using

a DDS (direct digital synthesis) architecture, these

instruments generate stable and precise sine, square,

triangle and arbitrary waveforms. The unit also provides

linear and logarithmic sweep for users needing sweep

capability. An auxiliary TTL output at the generator’s set

frequency is available to synchronize external devices.

The instrument can also be remotely operated via the

USB interface and is SCPI compatible.

1.3 Specifications

Model

4045B

Frequency Characteristics

Sine

0.01 Hz – 20 MHz

Square

0.01 Hz – 20 MHz

Triangle

0.01 Hz – 2 MHz

Accuracy

0.001% (10 ppm)

at < 500 Hz: 0.001% + 0.006 Hz

Resolution

6 digits or 10 mHz

Output Characteristics

Amplitude Range

10 mV

p-p

to 10 V

p-p

(into 50 Ω)

20 mVp-p to 20 Vp-p (open circuit)

Resolution

3 digits (1000 counts)

Amplitude Accuracy

± 2 % ± 20 mV of programmed

output from 1.01 V – 10 V

Flatness

± 0.5 dB to 1 MHz

± 1 dB to 20 MHz

Offset Range

- 4.99 V to 4.99 V (into 50 Ω)

Offset Resolution

10 mV, 3 digits

Offset Accuracy

± 2 % ± 10 mV (into 50 Ω)

Output Impedance

50 Ω ± 2 %

Output Protection

Protected against short circuit or

accidental voltage practically

available in electronic

laboratories, applied to the main

output connector

Waveform Characteristics

**Harmonic

Distortion

0 – 1 MHz, < - 60 dBc

1 MHz – 5 MHz, < -50 dBc

5 MHz – 12 MHz , < -45 dBc

12 MHz – 20 MHz, < -50 dBc

Square Rise/Fall

Time

< 20 ns (10% to 90% at full

amplitude into 50 Ω)

Variable Duty

Cycle/Symmetry

Square: 20% to 80 %, up to 2

MHz

Triangle: 1 % to 99 % in 1%

steps, up to 200 kHz

Symmetry Accuracy

at 50%

± 1 %

Arbitrary Waveform Characteristics

Sampling Rate

20 ns to 50 s

Vertical Resolution

12 bits

Accuracy

0.001%

Resolution

4 digits

Waveform Length

2 – 1k points

Operating Modes

Continuous

Output continuous at

programmed parameters

Triggered

Output quiescent until triggered

by an internal or external trigger,

at which time one waveform

cycle is generated to

programmed parameters.

Frequency of waveform cycle is

limited to 1 MHz.

Gate

Same as triggered mode, except

waveform is executed for the

duration of the gate signal. The

last cycle started is completed.

Burst

2 – 65535 cycles

Trigger Source

Trigger source may be internal,

external, or manual. Internal

trigger rate 0.1 Hz – 1 MHz (1μs

– 10 s)

Modulation Characteristics

Amplitude

Modulation

Internal

0.1 Hz – 20 kHz sine, square, or

triangle waveform

External

5 V

p-p

for 100% modulation, 10

kΩ input impedance

Frequency

Modulation

Internal

0.1 Hz – 20 kHz sine, square, or

triangle waveform

External

5 V

p-p

for 100% modulation, 10

kΩ input impedance

Sweep Characteristics

Sweep Shape

Linear or Logarithmic, up or

down

Sweep Time

10 ms to 100 s

Input and Output

Trigger IN

TTL compatible

Maximum rate 1 MHz

Minimum width > 50 ns

Input impedance 1 kΩ

Sync OUT

TTL pulse at programmed

frequency

50 Ω source impedance

Modulation IN

5 V

p-p

for 100% modulation

10 kΩ input impedance

DC to > 20 kHz minimum

bandwidth

Counter Characteristics

Range

50 Hz to 50 MHz

Resolution

Auto ranging, up to 8 digits

Accuracy

± 0.02 % ± 2 digits

Sensitivity

25 mVrms typical

General

Memory Storage

Store up to 20 instrument

settings

Arbitrary memory

1,000 points in flash memory

Power Requirements

100 V – 240 V AC ± 10% (90 V

– 264 VAC), 47 – 63 Hz

Max. Power

Consumption

< 30 VA

Operating

Temperature

0 °C – 50 °C

Storage Temperature

-10 °C – 70 °C

Humidity

95% RH, 0 °C – 30 °C

Dimensions

213 mm x 88 mm x 210 mm

(WxHxD)

Weight

Approx. 2.5 kg

Safety Standards

EN55011 for radiated and

conducted emissions

EN55082

EN61010

*For square wave, resolution is up to 4 digits when frequency is > 20

kHz.

**5 Vp-p into 50 Ω.

Note: All specifications apply to the unit after a

temperature stabilization time of 15 minutes over an

ambient temperature range of 23 °C ± 5 °C.

Specifications are subject to change without notice.

To ensure the most current version of this manual,

please download the latest version here:

http://www.bkprecision.com/search/4045B

For current up-to-date product information, please visit

www.bkprecision.com

2 Installation

2.1 Introduction

This section contains installation information, power

requirements, initial inspection and signal connections for

the 4045B signal generator.

2.2 Package Contents

Please inspect the instrument mechanically and

electrically upon receiving it. Unpack all items from the

shipping carton, and check for any obvious signs of

physical damage that may have occurred during

transportation. Report any damage to the shipping agent

immediately. Save the original packing carton for

possible future reshipment. Every generator is shipped

with the following contents:

• 4045B DDS function generator

• AC Power Cord

• USB (type A to B) interface cable

• Manual contained on CD

• Certificate of Calibration

Verify that all items above are included in the shipping

container. If anything is missing, please contact B&K

Precision.

2.3 Instrument Mounting

The 4045B Arbitrary Function Generator is intended for

bench use. The instrument includes a front feet tilt

mechanism for optimum panel viewing angle. The

instrument does not require special cooling when

operated within conventional temperature limits. It may

be installed in a closed rack or test station if proper air

flow can assure removing about 15 W of power

dissipation.

2.4 Power Requirements

The 4045B can be operated from any source of 90V to

264V AC, frequency from 48Hz to 66Hz. The maximum

power consumption is 30VA. Use a slow blow fuse of 1A,

UL/CSA approved as indicated on the rear panel of the

instrument.

The instrument power fuse is located in the AC input

plug. To access the fuse, first disconnect the power

cord and then remove the fuse box.

2.5 Fuse Replacement

There is a 1A, 250V rated slow blow fuse at the AC input.

Should the fuse ever get blown, follow the steps below to

replace:

1. Locate the fuse box next to the AC input connector in

the rear panel.

2. With a small flat blade screwdriver, insert into the fuse

box slit to pull and slide out the fuse box as indicated

below.

3. Check and replace fuse if necessary.

2.6 Grounding Requirements

For the safety of operating personnel, the instrument

must be grounded. The central pin on the AC plug

grounds the instrument when properly connected to the

ground wire and plugged into proper receptacle.

Fuse box slit

Fuse box

Check/Remove Fuse

WARNING

TO AVOID PERSONAL INJURY DUE TO SHOCK,

THE THIRD WIRE EARTH GROUND MUST BE

CONTINUOUS TO THE POWER OUTLET. BEFORE

CONNECTION TO THE POWER OUTLET, EXAMINE

ALL CABLES AND CONNECTIONS BETWEEN THE

UNIT AND THE FACILITY POWER FOR A

CONTINUOUS EARTH GROUND PATH.

THE POWER CABLE MUST MEET IEC/UL SAFETY

STANDARDS.

2.7 Signal Connections

Use RG58U 50Ω or equivalent coaxial cables for all input

and output signals to and from the instrument.

3 Operating Instructions

3.1 General Description

This section describes the displays, controls and

connectors of the function generator.

All controls for the instrument local operation are

located on the front panel.

1 Power Button Power ON/OFF unit

2 LCD Display

Displays all instrument data

and settings

3 Function Keys

F1 – F4 function keys to

select menu options

4 Waveform Buttons

Select Sine, Ramp/Triangle,

Square or Arbitrary

waveform shape

5 Numeric Keypad

Enter numeric values for

parameters

6 Units Keys

Select unit of frequency,

time, or voltage

7 Rotary Knob

Increment/decrement

numerical values or menu

selections

8 Cursor Keys

Move cursor (when visible)

left or right

9 Enter Key Confirm parameter entries

10 Output ON/OFF Enable/Disable Output

11 Output BNC Main output

12 SYNC OUT BNC Sync output

13 UTIL Button Utility menu

MODUL Button

Selects Modulation menu

SWEEP Button

Selects Sweep function

16 MODE Button Selects Trigger mode menu

3.2 Display Window

The function generator has a color LCD display that can

display up to 400 x 240 dots. When powering on the unit,

sine waveform is selected and current settings will appear

in the display. The bottom of the display shows a menu

(selectable with function keys) that corresponds to the

function, parameter, or mode display selected.

3.3 Front Panel Controls

The front-panel controls select, display, and change

parameter, function, and mode settings.

Use the numerical keypad, rotary input knob and the

cursor movement keys to enter data into the waveform

generator.

To change a setting:

1. Press the key that leads to the parameter to change.

2. Move cursor using cursor keys to the appropriate

position in the numeric field (if applicable).

3. Use the rotary input or the numerical keyboard to

change the value of the displayed parameter. Changes

take effect immediately.

3.4 Connectors

The function generator has two BNC connectors on the

front panel where you can connect coaxial cables. These

coaxial cables serve as carrier lines for output signals

delivered from the function generator.

Output Connector

Use this connector to transfer the main output signal from

the function generator.

Trig In Connector

Use this connector to apply an external trigger or gate

signal, depending on the waveform generator setting, to

the generator. When the built-in frequency counter is

enabled, this connector becomes an input for the counter.

Sync Out Connector

Use this connector to output a positive TTL sync pulse

generated at each waveform cycle.

Modulation In Connector

5V p-p signal for 100% modulation, 10Kohms input

impedance with DC - >20 KHz bandwidth.

3.5 Output Connections

The waveform generator output circuits operate as a

50 Ω voltage source working into a 50 Ω load. At

higher frequencies, non-terminated or improperly

terminated output causes aberrations on the output

waveform. In addition, loads less than 50 Ω reduce

the waveform amplitude, while loads more than 50 Ω

increase waveform amplitude.

Excessive distortion or aberrations caused by

improper termination are less noticeable at lower

frequencies, especially with sine and triangle

waveforms. To ensure waveform integrity, follow

these precautions:

1. Use good quality 50 Ω coaxial cable and

connectors.

2. Make all connections tight and as short as

possible.

3. Use good quality attenuators if it is necessary to

reduce waveform amplitudes applied to sensitive

circuits.

4. Use termination or impedance-matching devices

to avoid reflections.

5. Ensure that attenuators and terminations have

adequate power handling capabilities.

If there is a DC voltage across the output load, use a

coupling capacitor in series with the load. The time

constant of the coupling capacitor and load must be

long enough to maintain pulse flatness.

Impedance Matching

If the waveform generator is driving a high

impedance, such as a 1 MΩ input impedance

(paralleled by a stated capacitance) of an

oscilloscope vertical input, connect the transmission

line to a 50 Ω attenuator, a 50 Ω termination and to

the oscilloscope input. The attenuator isolates the

input capacitance of the device and terminates the

waveform generator properly.

3.6 MENU Keys

These keys select the main menus for displaying or

changing a parameter, function, or mode.

3.6.1 WAVEFORM Keys

These keys select the waveform output and display

the waveform parameter menu (frequency, amplitude

and offset).

Sine Menu

F1: Frequency – Selects and displays the frequency.

Change the frequency setting using the cursor keys,

rotary knob, or numerical keys.

F2: Amplitude – Selects and displays the amplitude.

Change the amplitude setting using the cursor keys,

rotary knob, or numerical keys.

F3: Offset – Selects and displays the offset

parameter. Change the offset by using the cursor

keys, rotary knob, or numerical keys. If a certain

setting cannot be produced, the waveform generator

will display a “Setting Conflict” message.

Amplitude and offset settings interact and are bound

by hardware restrictions. To obtain the desired

waveform, the amplitude and offset must satisfy the

following formula:

(Vp-p)/2 + |offset| <= 5 volts

F4: Symmetry – When the Square or Triangle

waveforms are selected, the SYMMETRY (duty

cycle) parameter is available. Change the symmetry

(Triangle) or duty cycle (Square) by using the cursor

keys, rotary knob, or numerical keys. If a certain

setting cannot be produced, the waveform generator

will display a warning message.

Square Menu

3.6.2 MODE Key

Selects the output mode: CONT (Continuous), TRIG

(Triggered), GATE (Gated), and BRST (Burst).

To select the output mode, press MODE, then press

the function key that corresponds to the desired

Mode menu option, as shown:

Mode Menu

F1: Continuous – Selects continuous output.

F2: Triggered – Triggers one output cycle of the

selected waveform for each trigger event.

F3: Gated – Triggers output cycles as long as the

trigger source asserts the gate signal.

F4: Burst – Triggers ‘N’ number of output cycles for

each trigger event, where N ranges from 2 to 65,535.

After selecting the TRIGGERED, GATED, or BURST

menu, the trigger source menu is available:

Trigger Menu

F1: Manual – Selects manual as the trigger source.

To trigger the waveform generator,

press this MANUAL trigger button again.

F2: Internal – Selects the internal trigger generator

as the trigger source. Change the

internal trigger rate displayed with the rotary input

knob.

F3: External – Selects the external trigger signal as

the trigger source. The trigger source

is supplied through the TRIG IN connector.

In BURST MODE, the F4 key displays N-Burst,

representing the number of burst cycles to output

with each trigger. The N value can be changed from

2 to 65,535.

Burst Menu

3.6.3 UTILITY Key

Utility Menu

F1: Recall – Recalls a previously stored front-panel

setup from the selected buffer. Change the buffer

number by using the rotary input knob. Valid storage

buffer numbers are from 1 to 19

Buffer 0 is the factory default setup.

F2: Store – Stores the current front-panel setup to

the specified storage buffer. Change the buffer

number by using the data keys or the rotary input

knob. Valid storage buffer numbers range from 1 to

19.

F3: Out-On Def – Selects the OUTPUT state on

power-up. Select ON to enable or OFF to disable the

output on power-up.

F4: COUNTER – Enables the built-in frequency

counter. The frequency of the signal connected to the

TRIG IN connector will be displayed. The counter is

auto ranging with up to 8 digits of resolution.

Counter Screen

Press F1 - Off to turn off the counter.

3.6.4 SWEEP Key

Selects the Sweep Mode and allows entering of

sweep parameters: Sweep Start, Sweep Stop, and

Sweep Rate.

To select the sweep mode, press SWEEP, then

press the function key that corresponds to the

desired Sweep menu option, as shown:

Sweep Menu

F1: Off – Disables the sweep function.

F2: Linear – Selects the Linear sweep shape.

F3: Logarithmic – Selects the Logarithmic sweep

shape.

F4: Set – Defines the Sweep Start and Stop

frequencies.

Set Sweep Menu

3.6.5 MODULATION Key

Selects the AM or FM Modulation mode. To select

the output mode, press MODUL key, then press the

function key that corresponds to the desired menu

option, as shown:

Modulation Menu

Press F2 to select AM menu:

AM Menu

F1: % - Defines the modulation depth (from 0 to

100%)

F2: Frequency - Selects the modulation frequency,

from 0.1 Hz to 20.00 kHz.

F3: Shape - Selects the modulating waveform

between Sine, Square, or Triangle.

F4: External - Selects and enables the external

modulation by an external signal applied to the

Modulation In connector in the rear panel.

Press F3 to select FM menu:

FM Menu

F1: Deviation - Defines the FM deviation frequency.

F2: Frequency - Selects the modulation frequency,

from 0.1 Hz to 20.00 kHz.

F3: Shape - Selects the shape of the modulating

waveform between Sine, Triangle, or Square.

F4: External - Selects and enables the external

modulation by an external signal applied to the

Modulation In connector in the rear panel.

3.6.6 ARBITRARY Key

Selects the Arbitrary waveform menu shown

below:

Arbitrary Menu

F1: Frequency Rate - (Frequency) Selects

and displays the frequency. Change

the frequency setting using the cursor

keys, rotary knob or numerical keys. If

a certain wavelength can't produce the

waveform at the desired frequency, the

waveform generator will display an

“Out of Range” error message.

Displays the Point Rate (for Arbitrary

Waveform only). The Rate parameter

governs the rate at which waveform

points are executed and thus the

frequency of the output. When you set

this parameter, the waveform

generator will keep that execution rate

for all waveform lengths until it is

changed.

F2: Amplitude - Selects the Amplitude

parameter.

In Arbitrary mode, this setting defines

the maximum peak-to-peak amplitude

of a full-scale waveform. If the

waveform does not use the full scale

(data points from -2047 to +2047),

then its actual amplitude will be

smaller.

F3:Offset -Selects the Offset parameter.

Change the offset by using the cursor

keys, rotary dial or numerical keys. If a

certain setting cannot be produced, the

waveform generator will display a

“Setting Conflict” error message.

F4: Arb - Selects the Arbitrary

waveform editing menu:

Arbitrary Editing Menu

F1: Start - Selects the arbitrary waveform

start address.

F2: Length - Selects the arbitrary waveform

length. Use the START and LENGTH

keys to mark a selection of the

waveform memory that will be

executed.

Changing one of the arbitrary

parameters as start and length cause

an updating of the output waveform to

the new parameters. When exiting the

Arbitrary Menu by selecting a different

waveform, a message to save the

Arbitrary wave will be displayed. Select

YES or NO to save the new waveform.

3.6.7 Arbitrary EDIT Menu

Enters data for creating arbitrary waveforms.

You can enter data one point at a time, as a

value at an address, draw a line from one

point (a value at an address) to another point,

create a predefined waveform, or combine

these to create complex waveforms. The valid

data values range is -2047 to 2047. The valid

waveform memory addresses range from 1 to

1,000.

The data value governs the output amplitude

of that point of the waveform, scaled to the

instrument output amplitude. Therefore, a

value of 2047 corresponds to positive peak

amplitude, 0 corresponds to the waveform

offset, and -2047 corresponds to the negative

peak amplitude.

Edit Menu

F1: Point - This menu allows point-by-

point waveform editing. When

selected, the following menu is

displayed:

Point Menu

F1: Adrs - Select the current

address in the arbitrary

waveform memory.

F2: Data - Selects the data

point value at the

current address.

You can change

the point value

from -2047 to 2047.

F2: Line - This menu allows a line to be

drawn between two selected

points.

When selected, the following

menu is displayed:

Line Menu

F1: From - Selects the starting point

address.

F2: To - Selects the ending point

address.

F3: Exec - Displays the Confirmation

menu, F1:NO and F2:YES

Confirmation Menu

F3: Predef - (Predefined Waveforms)

Selects one of the

predefined waveforms:

Sine, Triangle, Square and

Noise. Displays the

Predefined waveforms

menu:

Predefine Menu

F1: Type - Use the rotary dial to

select the waveform Sine,

Triangle, Square or Noise.

If Noise function is selected,

a submenu is displayed to

allow adding the noise to an

available waveform or to

generate it as a new noise

waveform.

F2: From Data - Selects the

starting point of the

generated waveform and

data value.

F3: Leng/Scale - Selects the

length of the predefined

waveform (number of points

for a full wave). Different

waveforms have different

limitations on the length, as

shown in Table 3-1.

Table 3-1: Waveform Length Limits for Predefined

Waveforms

Wave

Minimum

Length

Divisible by

Sine

Triangle

Square

Noise

F3: Scale - Selects the scale factor

of the waveform. 100% means that the

waveform spans the full scale of -2047

to 2047. Scale factors are limited by

the point data value of the starting

point and automatically calculated by

the unit.

F4: Exec - Prompts you to confirm

whether to execute the selected

predefined waveform. Press NO to

abort executing the predefined

waveform; press YES to execute the

predefined waveform. On the NOISE

function menu options, ADD and NEW

are available. Select ADD to add

noise to an existing waveform, or NEW

to create a new noise waveform.

F4:Show - Displays the Arbitrary

waveform on the full LCD display.

Press any button to return to the

MENU selection display.

Full Display

3.7 ON Key

Use this key to control the main output signal. When

the output is active, the ON key will be lit. By default,

this will be ON (enabled) from a power-up. This can

be changed by changing the Out-On Def settings

from the UTILITY menu.

3.8 Cursor Keys

Use these keys to move the cursor (when visible)

either left or right. They are used in conjunction with

the rotary input knob to set the step size of the rotary

input knob.

3.9 Rotary Input Knob

Use this knob to increase and decrease numeric

values. The cursor indicates the low-order position of

the displayed value which changes when you rotate

the knob (for straight numeric entries only). For other

types of data, the whole value changes when you

rotate the knob.

3.10 Power-On Settings

At power-on, the waveform generator performs a

diagnostic self-test procedure to check itself for

errors. If an error is found, an error code and text will

appear in the display window. Other error codes

appear when you enter an invalid front-panel setting.

For more information on error codes, see the Error

Indication section.

When the waveform generator finishes the diagnostic

self-test routine, it enters the local state (LOGS) and

assumes power-on default settings. Table 1 lists the

factory default settings or selected after RECALL 0.

Table 1 – Power-on Default Settings

Key Function

Value

Description

Function

Sine

Output Waveform

Frequency

1.0000 kHz

Waveform Frequency

Amplitude

5.00 V

Peak-to-peak output

amplitude

Offset

0.00 V

Zero DC offset

Output

OFF

Output disabled

Sweep

OFF

Sweep function disabled

Modulation

OFF

Modulation function

disabled

N-BURST

Wave per burst for burst

mode

Trig Source

Continuous

Continuous trigger

Trig Rate

10 ms

Internal trigger rate

3.11 Memory

The waveform generator uses non-volatile flash

memory for storing the front panel settings.

Up to 20 front panel settings can be stored (includes

storage location 0 for factory default settings). One

1000 points Arbitrary waveform is stored in the flash

non-volatile memory.

3.12 Displaying Errors

The waveform generator displays error messages

when front-panel settings are either invalid or may

produce unexpected results.

Table 2 – Error Messages

Message

Text

Description

Out of range

The set value is out of the

instrument’s limits.

Setting

conflict

Settings conflict with another

parameter setting or value.

Empty

location

Attempt to recall settings from an

empty storage location.

Trig rate

short

Internal trigger rate is too short to

output waveform or burst.

Save RAM

New firmware installed.

Must divide

by 4

Predefined wave length must be

divisible by 4.

Must divide

by 2

Predefined wave length must be

divisible by 2.

3.13 Quick Start

This section explains how to generate various

waveforms and modify the output waveform.

* Generating a waveform output

* Modifying waveform output

* Storing and recalling a waveform generator

setup

3.13.1 Selecting a Standard Waveform

You can select several standard waveforms as: sine,

triangle, square. Creating a standard waveform

requires selecting the waveform type, parameters

and their settings that define the waveform.

Generating a standard waveform requires the

following:

* Selecting the waveform

* Setting the output frequency

* Setting the output amplitude and offset

3.13.2 Setting the Output

To set the output channel, press the Output ON key.

The key will lit indicating the output is enabled.

3.13.3 Using Voltage Offset

Through the offset parameter you can add a positive

or negative DC level to the output waveform.

To set voltage offset:

1. Select a waveform to display its menu.

2. Press F3:Offset to display the offset setting.

3. Use the rotary input knob or the numerical keys to

set the voltage offset.

To turn the voltage offset OFF, repeat the steps

above, but set the offset voltage level to 0.

3.13.4 Storing and Recalling a Waveform

Generator Setup

You can store front-panel setups inside the internal

non-volatile flash memory. When you recall a stored

setup, the front-panel settings change to match the

settings in the stored setup.

Storing Setups

To store the front-panel setup:

1. Press UTILITY to display the menu.

2. Press F2:Store to select the Store mode.

3. Use the rotary input knob to select a buffer

number. Valid buffer numbers range from 1 to 19

Buffer 0 is a read-only buffer that contains the

default setup/power-on settings from Table 1.

The function generator will overwrite and store

settings into a buffer that had settings previously

stored inside without a warning.

Recalling Setups

To recall stored front-panel setup:

1. Press UTILITY to display the menu.

2. Press F1:Recall to select the Recall mode.

3. Use the rotary input knob to select a buffer

number. Valid buffers numbers range from 0 to 19.

Buffer 0 is a read-only buffer that contains the

default power-on setup.

3.13.5 Creating an Arbitrary Waveform

You can create an arbitrary waveform using the

following methods:

* Enter individual data points

* Draw lines between data points

* Create a predefined waveform

* Combine any of these methods

NOTE

You can use the free downloadable software to

create arbitrary waveforms.

For more information, please visit

www.bkprecision.com.

You can program any number of waveforms into

waveform memory, keeping in mind the

addresses where one waveform ends and the

other begins.

The waveform's frequency and amplitude are

influenced by the number of data points and

their value in the waveform.

3.13.6 Entering Individual Data Points

The most basic way to program an arbitrary

waveform is to enter data points for the

waveform, one data point at a time. While this

can become tedious the auto-increment function

helps this process.

To enter individual data points into waveform

memory, follow these steps:

1. Press ARB main key to display the

selection menu.

2. Press F4 :ARB to display the arbitrary

menu.

3. Press F3:EDIT to display the Edit menu.

4. Press F1:POINT, to select the point by

point programming mode.

5. Press F1:ADDRESS

6. Use the rotary knob or the numerical keys

to enter the address.

7. Press F2:DATA.

8. Use the rotary knob r the numerical keys to

enter the value for the data point. Valid

entries range from –2047 to 2047.

9. Repeat steps 5 through 9 until you finish

programming your arbitrary waveform.

NOTE

Each time you press ENTER to complete a data

point entry in numerical mode, the

auto-increment address advances by one.

3.13.7 Setting the Arbitrary Frequency

The arbitrary waveform frequency is a function of the

number of data points used to run the waveform (the

length parameter in the ARBITRARY menu) and the

waveform execution point rate. The waveform

execution point rate is the execution time between

each point in the waveform. The total time taken to

run one period of the waveform is

given by:

number of points X rate

Because the output frequency is a function of the rate

and the number of points being executed, the formula

is given as:

𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 =

𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑥 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒

For example, to set the output frequency to 1000Hz,

given the number of data points used for the

waveform output is 1000, calculate:

𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 =

1000 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑥 1000 𝐻𝑧 = 1𝜇𝑠

EXAMPLE: Setting the Output Frequency

To set the output frequency of a 1000 point waveform

in execution memory to 1000Hz, set the rate to 1us:

ACTION

KEYSTROKES

Step 1: Set the output rate to 1 us

(equivalent to 1000 Hz output

frequency

PARAMETER

F1:RATE

kHz/us

3.13.8 Setting the Amplitude

The following equation represents the relative

output amplitude voltage relationship between

the front-panel amplitude peak-to-peak setting

and the data point values in waveform memory:

𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒

= 𝐴𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒 𝑝 − 𝑝 𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑥 𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒

4095

+𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡

Where 4095 is the data point value range in

waveform memory.

Table 3-4: Relative Amplitude for Waveform Output

(Examples)

Front Panel

Amplitude

Setting

Data Point

Value

Relative Output

Amplitude Voltage

5V p-p

2047

2.5 V positive peak

5V p-p

0V (offset voltage)

10V p-p

2047

5V positive peak

3.13.9 Executing an Arbitrary Waveform

To load a waveform into execution memory,

specify its starting address and length in the

ARBITRARY menu.

1. Select the channel to ON.

2. Press the ARB key and select the F4:ARB

function.

3. Press F1:START to set the address. Valid

entries range from 1 to 999.

4. Press F2:LENGTH to display the length of the

waveform.

6. Use the rotary input knob or the numerical

keys to enter the waveform length. Valid entries

range from 2 to 1000.

4 Programming

4.1 Overview

This section provides detailed information on programming

the generator via the USB (virtual COM) interface.

4.1.1 Connecting to USB (Virtual COM)

Interface

Currently, the USB (virtual COM) interface supports

Windows® XP/7 operating systems.

To connect to a PC for remote communication, please

follow the steps below:

For Windows 7:

1. The USB driver is included in the CD that comes with

the instrument. You can also go to

www.bkprecision.com and browse this product’s page to

find and download the USB driver.

2. Connect the included USB Type A to Type B cable to

the generator and the computer, then power on the

instrument.

3. On most operating systems, it will attempt to

automatically install, showing the following screen:

4. Click the “Close” button to stop the automatic search of

the driver from Windows Update.

5. Now, go to Device Manager on the computer (Open up

the “start” button, and right-click “Computer” and select

“Properties”. Click “Device Manager” link on the top left

of the side menu)

6. There will be an item listed under “Other devices”

labeled “AT91USBSerial”. Right-click the item and

select “Update Driver Software…”

7. In the following window, select “Browse my computer for

driver software”, and following this, select “Let me pick

from a list of device drivers on my computer”.

8. Now there will be a window listing Common hardware

types. Click the “Next” button and select on the

following screen “Have Disk…”

9. From the “Install From Disk” window, click “Browse…”

and locate and double-click the USB driver file

downloaded from the website labeled

“atm6124_cdc.inf”.

10. Now click “OK”. It will show in the window under Model

“AT91 USB to Serial Converter”. Click “Next” and you

will get the following note:

11. Go ahead and click “Yes”. When you get the following

prompt, select “Install this driver software anyway”.

12. The driver will now install. Once finished, under “Device

Manager”, you should see under “Ports (COM & LPT)”

an item labeled “BK Precision USB to Serial Converter

(COM#)”. The “COM#” is the com port that can be used

to access the virtual COM port for remote

communication.

For Windows XP:

1. The USB driver is included in the CD that comes with

the instrument. You can also go to

www.bkprecision.com and browse this product’s page to

find and download the USB driver.

2. Connect the included USB Type A to Type B cable to

the generator and the computer, then power on the

instrument.

3. The following screen will appear.

4. Select “No, not this time” and click “Next”.

5. In the following screen, select “Install from a list or

specific location (Advanced)” and click “Next”.

6. In the next screen, select “Don’t search. I will choose the

driver to install.” and click “Next” again.

7. In the following screen, click “Have Disk…”

8. From the “Install From Disk” window, click “Browse…”

and locate and double-click the USB driver file

downloaded from the website labeled

“atm6124_cdc.inf”. Select it and click “OK”.

9. The following screen will appear.

10. Click “Next”, and a prompt will appear:

11. Click on “Continue Anyway” and the driver will now

install.

12. The driver will now install. Once finished, under “Device

Manager” (This can be opened by: Right-click “My

Computer”->Select “Properties”->Select “Hardware” tab-

>Click “Device Manager”), you should see under “Ports

(COM & LPT)” an item labeled “BK Precision USB to

Serial Converter (COM#)”. The “COM#” is the com port

that can be used to access the virtual COM port for

remote communication.

4.1.2 USB (Virtual COM) Settings

The USB (virtual COM) interface settings for the

communication port are as follows:

BAUDRATE: 115200

PARITY: NONE

DATA BITS: 8

STOP BIT: 1

FLOW CONTROL: NONE

4.2 Device States

The device may be in one of the two possible states

described below.

4.2.1 Local State (LOCS)

In the LOCS state, the device may be operated from the

front panel.

4.2.2 Remote State (REMS)

In the REMS state, the device may be operated from the

USB interface. Actuating any front panel key will cause the

device state to revert to the LOCS.

4.3 Message Exchange Protocol

The device decodes messages using the Message

Exchange Protocol similar to the one defined in IEEE

488.2. The following functions implemented in the MEP

must be considered:

4.3.1 The Input Buffer

The device has a 128-byte long cyclic input buffer.

Decoding of remote messages is begun as soon as the

input buffer is not empty, that is, as soon as the controller

has sent at least one byte to the device. Should the input

buffer be filled up by the controller faster than the device

can remove the bytes and decode them, the bus

handshake (CTS/RTS) is used to pause data transfer until

room has been made for more bytes in the buffer. This

prevents the controller from overrunning the device with

data.

4.3.2 The Output Queue

The device has a 100-byte long output queue in which it

stores response messages for the controller to read. If at

the time a response message is formatted the queue

contains previously formatted response messages, such

that there are not enough places in the queue for the new

message, the device will hold off putting the message in

the queue until there is a place for it.

4.3.3 Response Messages

The device sends a Response Message in response to

a valid query. All queries return a single Response

Message Unit.

4.4 Instrument Identification

The *IDN? common query is used to read the

instrument's identification string. The string returned is as

follows:

BK, MODEL 4045B,0,V0.1

The “V0.1” reflects the firmware version number

and will change accordingly.

4.5 Instrument Reset

The *RST common command effects an instrument

reset to the factory default power up state.

4.6 Command Syntax

4.6.1 General Command Structure

A Program Message is defined as a string containing one

Program Message Units, which is an instrument command

or query. The Program Message is terminated by the

Program Message Terminator.

The Program Message Terminator consists of optional

white space characters, followed by the Linefeed (LF)

character (0x0A).

The Program Message Unit can be divided into

three sections as follows:

a) Program Header

The Program Header represents the operation to be

performed, and consists of ASCII character mnemonics.

Two types of Program Headers are used in the

MODEL 4045B: Instrument-control headers and Common

Command and Query headers. Common Command and

Query Program Headers consist of a single mnemonic

prefixed by an asterisk ('*').

The mnemonics consist of upper - or lower-case alpha

characters.

Example: The command to set the frequency to

1KHZ may be written in the following ways:

FREQ 1KHZ

FREQ 1000HZ

FREQ 1000

FREQ 1E3

freq 1khz

freq 1000hz

freq 1000

freq 1e3

b) Program Header Separator

The Program Header Separator is used to separate the

program header from the program data. It consists of one

or more white space characters, denoted as <ws>.

Typically, it is a space.

c) Program Data

The Program Data represent the values of the parameters

being set, for example, the '1KHZ' in the above

examples. Different forms of program data are accepted,

depending on the command. The Program Data types

used in the instrument are:

i) Character program data

This form of data is comprised of a mnemonic made up of

lower - or upper-case alpha characters. As with Program

Header mnemonics, some Character Data mnemonics

have short and long forms. Only the short or the long form

may be used.

ii) Boolean data

Boolean data indicate that the parameter can take one of

two states, ON or OFF. The parameter may be character

type

ON or OFF

or numeric. A numeric value is rounded to an integer. A

non-zero result is interpreted as 1 (ON), and a zero result

as 0 (OFF).

Queries return the values 0 or 1.

iii) NRf

This is a decimal numeric data type, where

NR1 indicates an integer number,

NR2 indicates a fixed point real number, and

NR3 indicates a floating point real number.

iv) Numeric value program data

This data type defines numeric values, as well as special

cases of Character Data. Numeric values may be

specified in any of Integer, Fixed Point or Floating Point

format. All parameters which have associated units accept

a suffix, which may be specified using upper or lower-case

characters. When the suffix is not specified, the numeric

value is accepted in the default units, which are Hertz for

frequency, Seconds for time, and Volts for voltage. To set

the frequency to 1KHz we can send one of the following

commands:

FREQ 1000

FREQ 1E3

The special forms of character data accepted as

numbers are

MAXimum: sets the parameter to its maximum

value.

MINimum: sets the parameter to its minimum

value.

For example, to set the frequency to its maximum

value we can send the command

FREQ MAX

Some Program Message Units either require, or can

accept, more than one data element. Program data

elements are separated from each other by the Program

Data Separator. It is defined as optional white space

characters followed by a comma (','), which in turn is

followed by optional white space characters.

There are two types of Program Message Units:

Command Message Units and Query Message Units. A

Query differs from a Command in that the Program

Header is terminated with a question mark ('?'). For

example, the frequency might be queried with the

following query:

FREQ?

Some Query Message Units accept data, giving the device

more specific information about what is being queried. In

many cases the Query Message Unit may optionally be

supplied with the MIN or MAX mnemonics as data. This

tells the device to return the minimum or maximum value

to which the parameter may currently be set. For example,

FREQ? MAX

will return the maximum value to which the

frequency may currently be set.

Not all Program Message units have query forms (for

example, SAV), and some Program Message Units might

have only the query form (for example IDN?).

The instrument puts the response to the query into the

output queue, from where it may be read by the controller.

NOTE: All commands should be terminated with a

<CR> carriage return or <LF> line feed character. Any

response string from a query command has both

<CR> and <LF> characters appended. For example,

an amplitude query command will return

1.23<CR><LF>.

4.7 Status Reporting

The instrument is capable of reporting status events and

errors to the controller.

4.7.1 The Error Queue

The error queue is used to store codes of errors detected

in the device. It is implemented as a cyclic buffer of length

10. The error queue is read with the following query:

ERR?

The first error in the queue is returned, and the queue is

advanced.

4.7.2 Error Codes

The negative error codes are defined by SCPI. Positive

codes are specific to the instrument.

The error message is returned in the form

<error number>,"<error description>"

A table of error numbers and their descriptions is

presented here.

No error reported

0 - No error

Command Errors

A command error is in the range -199 to -100, and

indicates that a syntax error was detected. This includes

the case of an unrecognized header.

-100 Command Error

-101 Invalid character

-102 Syntax error

-103 Invalid separator

-104 Data type error

-108 Parameter not allowed

More parameters than allowed were

received

-109 Missing parameter

Fewer parameters than necessary

were received

-110 Command header error

-111 Header separator error

-112 Program mnemonic too long

The mnemonic must contain no more

than 12 characters.

-113 Undefined header

-120 Numeric data error

-121 Invalid character in number

-123 Exponent too large

-124 Too many digits

-128 Numeric data not allowed

A different data type was expected

-131 Invalid suffix

-134 Suffix too long

-138 Suffix not allowed

-140 Character data error.

-141 Invalid character data.

Incorrect character data were

received.

-144 Character data too long

Character data may contain no more

than 12 characters.

-148 Character data not allowed

-158 String data not allowed

-161 Invalid block data

An error was found in the block data

-168 Block data not allowed

-178 Expression data not allowed

Execution Errors

An execution error indicates that the device could not

execute a syntactically correct command, either since the

data were out of the instrument's range, or due to a device

condition.

-200 Execution error

An attempt was made to RECALL the

contents of an uninitialized stored

setting buffer.

-211 Trigger ignored.

The *TRG common command was

ignored due to the device not being in

the correct state to execute the

trigger.

-220 Parameter error.

A parameter is in the correct range,

but conflicts with other parameters.

-221 Settings conflict.

The parameter is out of range due to

the current instrument state.

-222 Data out of range.

-223 Too much data.

The arbitrary waveform memory limit

has been exceeded.

-224 Illegal parameter value.

The parameter value must be

selected from a finite list of

possibilities.

Device-Specific Errors

An error specific to the device occurred.

-315 Configuration memory lost.

Device memory has been lost.

-330 Self-test failed.

-350 Queue overflow.

Error codes have been lost due to

more than 10 errors being

reported without being read.

Query Errors

A query error indicates that the output queue control

has detected a problem. This could occur if either an

attempt was made to read data from the instrument if none

was available, or when data were lost. Data could be lost

when a query causes data to be formatted for the

controller to be read, and the controller sends more

commands without reading the data.

-410 Query INTERRUPTED.

Data were sent before the entire

response of a previous query was

read.

-420 Query UNTERMINATED.

An attempt was made to read a

response before the complete

program message meant to generate

that response was sent.

Warnings

The execution of some commands might cause an

undesirable instrument state. The commands are

executed, but a warning is issued.

500 Trigger rate short

510 Output overload

"Trigger rate short" means that the period of the waveform

is larger than the value of the internal trigger rate. Thus

not every trigger will generate a cycle (or burst) of the

waveform.

4.8 COMMON COMMANDS

4.8.1 System Data Commands

*IDN? - Identification query

The identification query enables unique identification of

the device over the GPIB. This query should always be

the last in a program message. It returns a string with four

fields:

Manufacturer name

Model name

Serial number (0 if not relevant)

Version number

Command

Type: Common Query

Syntax: *IDN?

Response: BK, MODEL 4045B,0,V1.1

4.8.2 Internal Operation Commands

*RST - Reset command

The Reset command performs a device reset. It

causes the device to return to the factory default power up

state.

Type: Common Command

Syntax: *RST

4.8.3 Device Trigger Commands

a) *TRG - Trigger command

This command is analogous to the IEEE 488.1 Group

Execute Trigger interface message, and has the same

effect. It is used to trigger the device to output a wave, and

is accepted only when the trigger mode is set to Trigger,

Gate or Burst, and the trigger source is set to BUS.

Type: Common Command

Syntax: *TRG

4.8.4 Stored Settings Commands

*RCL - Recall instrument state

This command is used to restore the state of the device to

that stored in the specified memory location.

Arguments

Type <NRf>

Range 0 to 19 (4045B). Non integer values are

rounded before execution

Type: Common Command

Syntax: *RCL<ws><NRf>

Example: *RCL 0 (Recall default state)

*RCL 9

*SAV - Save instrument state

This command is used to store the current instrument

state in the specified memory location.

Arguments

Type: <NRf>

Range: 0 to 9. Non integer values are rounded

before execution

Type: Common Command

Syntax: *SAV<ws><NRf>

Example: *SAV 2

Stored setting location 0 stores the factory defaults, and is

a read-only location.

4.9 INSTRUMENT CONTROL

COMMANDS

Instrument control commands are grouped into logical

subsystems according to the SCPI instrument model. The

commands are comprised of mnemonics indicating the

subsystem to which the command belongs, and the

hierarchy within that subsystem. When the command is to

be referred to the Root node, it should be prefixed with a

colon (:). Mnemonics appearing in square brackets [...] are

optional. The '|' character is used to denote a choice of

specifications. The '<ws>' is used to denote a white space

character.

Note: When controlling the instrument remotely, do

not interrupt the instrument with front panel

interactions. Although the instrument will be

automatically changed back to LOCS (local) mode,

subsequent remote commands may cause errors

during communication, in which will require a need of

restarting the instrument before continuing again with

remote operations.

4.9.1 Default Subsystem

The Source Subsystem controls the frequency, voltage,

amplitude modulation and clock source. The command

structure is as follows:

FUNCtion SINusoid|SQUare|TRIangle|

FREQuency <numeric value>

AMPLitude <numeric value>

OFFSet <numeric value>

DCYCle <numeric value>

OUTPUT ON/OFF

MODULation OFF/AM/FM/INT/EXT

DEPTh <numeric value>

MODFRequency <numeric value>

MODSHape SIN/TRI/ SQU

DEViation <numeric value>

SWEep ON/OFF/LIN/LOG

SWRAte <numeric value>

SWSTArt <numeric value>

SWSTOp <numeric value>

MODE CONT/ TRIG / GATE / BRST

TRIG INT / EXT

TRAte <numeric value>

BURSt <numeric value>

FREQuency <frequency>

The frequency command controls the frequency of

the output waveform.

Arguments

Type: Numeric.

Units: MHz, KHz, Hz (default)

Range: For SIN and SQU – 0.1 Hz to Max.

frequency (see specifications),

For TRI – 0.1 Hz to 1 MHz,

For ARB - Dependent on the Point Rate and

Wavelength.

Fmax = 1/(20nS * Wavelength)

Fmin = 1/(50S * Wavelength)

Rounding: The value is rounded to 5 digits or 100 mHz.

(DDS) or 4 digits (ARB)

Command Type: Setting or Query

Setting

Syntax: FREQuency<ws><frequency>[units]

FREQuency<ws>MINimum|MAXimum

Examples: FREQ 5KHZ

FREQ 5E3

FREQ MAXIMUM

FREQ MIN

Query

Syntax: FREQuency?[<ws>MAXimum|MINimum]

Examples: FREQ?

FREQ? MAX

Response: NR3

Considerations:

1) The MIN and MAX arguments refer to currently

settable minimum or maximum.

2) FIXed is alias for CW.

Point Rate

RATE <point rate>

This command is used to set the point rate. It is

coupled with the frequency of the waveform by the

relation:

Frequency = 1/(Point Rate * Wavelength)

Thus changing the point rate will result in a change

in frequency.

Arguments

Type: Numeric

Units: s, ms, us, ns

Range: 20ns to 50s

Rounding: to 4 digits

Command Type: Setting or Query

Setting

Syntax: RATE<ws><point rate>[units]

RATE<ws>MINimum|MAXimum

Examples: RATE 100NS

Query

Syntax: RATe?[<ws>MINimum|MAXimum]

Response: NR3

Note: You can alternately use the :ARB:PRATe

command.

AMPLitude <p-p amplitude>

The amplitude command is used to set the peak-to-peak

amplitude of the output waveform. Note that the amplitude

and the offset are limited by the relation:

Peak Amplitude + |Offset| <= 5V

Arguments

Type: Numeric

Units: V, mV, VPP, mVPP

Range: 10mV to 10V

Rounding: 1mV for 10mV to 999mV. 10mV for 1V to

10V.

Command Type: Setting or Query

Setting

Syntax: AMPLitude<ws><amplitude>[units]

AMPLitude<ws>MINimum|MAXimum

Examples: AMPL 2.5

AMPL 2.5V

AMPL MAX

Query

Syntax: AMPLitude? <ws>MINimum|MAXimum]

Examples: AMPL?

AMPL? MAX

Response: NR2

Considerations:

1) The MAXimum amplitude is dependent on the offset.

2) The MAX and MIN arguments should not be used in a

program message containing an OFFSet command, since

these values are evaluated during parsing, based on the

current value of the offset.

OFFSet <offset>

The offset command is used to set the DC offset of the

output waveform. Note that the amplitude and the offset

are limited by the relation:

Peak Amplitude + |Offset| ≤ 5V

Arguments

Type: Numeric

Units: V, mV

Range: 10mV to 5V

Rounding: To 10mV

Command Type: Setting or Query

Setting

Syntax: OFFSet<ws><offset>[units]

OFFSet<ws>MINimum|MAXimum

Examples: OFFS 2.5

OFFS 2.5V

OFFS MAX

Query

Syntax: OFFSet?[<ws>MINimum|MAXimum]

Examples: OFFS?

OFFS? MAX

Response: NR2

Considerations:

1) The MAXimum offset is dependent on the amplitude.

2) The MAX and MIN arguments should not be used in a

program message containing an AMPLitude command,

since these values are evaluated during parsing, based on

the current value of the amplitude.

FUNCtion

The function command is used to set the type of waveform

to be generated by the instrument.

Command Type: Setting or Query

Setting Syntax: FUNCtion<ws><SIN|SQU|TRI>

Examples: FUNC SIN

FUNC TRI

FUNC ARB

Query Syntax: FUNCtion?

Examples: FUNC?

Response: SIN|TRI|SQU|ARB

DCYCle <duty cycle value>

This command is used to set the duty-cycle of the square

wave or the symmetry of triangular wave. The value is

given in percent .

Arguments Type: Numeric

Units: None (percent implied)

Range: 1 to 99

Rounding: To integer

Command Type: Setting or Query

Syntax: DCYCle <ws><duty cycle value>

DCYCle <ws>MINimum|MAXimum

Query Syntax: DCYCle?[<ws>MINimum|MAXimum]

Response: NR3

OUT <state>

This command controls whether the output is ON or OFF.

Arguments

Type: Boolean

Command Type: Setting or Query

Setting

Syntax: OUT<ws>ON|1|OFF|0

Examples: OUT ON

OUT 1

Query

Syntax: OUT?

Response: 0|1

MODULation

This command activates or deactivates modulation:

Command Type: Setting or Query

Setting

Syntax: MODULation OFF|AM|FM|INT|EXT

Examples: MODULation FM

MODULation OFF

MODULation EXT

Query

Syntax: MODULation?

Response: OFF |

AM INT |

AM EXT |

FM INT |

FM EXT

DEPTh

This command sets the AM modulation depth in %

Arguments

Type: Numeric

Units: none (implied %)

Range: 0 to 100

Rounding: To integer

Command Type: Setting or Query

Setting

Syntax: DEPTh<ws><percent depth>

DEPTh<ws>MINimum|MAXimum

Examples: DEPTh 50

Query

Syntax: DEPTh?[<ws>MINimum|MAXimum]

Response: NR3

MODFRequency

This command sets the AM and FM modulating waveform

frequency

Arguments

Type: Numeric.

Units: MHz, KHz, Hz (default)

Range: Fmax = 20 KHz

Fmin = 0.01 Hz

Command Type: Setting or Query

Setting

Syntax: MODFR<ws><frequency>[units]

MODFR<ws>MINimum|MAXimum

Examples: MODFR 5KHZ

MODFR 5E3

MODFR MAXIMUM

MODFR MIN

Query

Syntax: MODFR?[<ws>MAXimum|MINimum]

Examples: MODFR?

MODFR? MAX

Response: NR3

MODSHape

This command selects the modulating waveform shape

Arguments

Type: Character

Options: SINusoid, TRIangle, SQUare

Command Type: Setting or Query

Setting

Syntax: MODSHape<ws><SIN|TRI|SQU>

Examples: MODSHape SIN

MODSHape TRI

Query

Syntax: MODSHape?

Response: SIN|TRI|SQU

DEViation

This command sets the FM modulation deviation

Arguments

Type: Numeric.

Units: MHz, KHz, Hz (default)

Range:

Fmax = carrier frequency

Fmin = 0.01 Hz

Command Type: Setting or Query

Setting

Syntax: DEViation<ws><frequency>[units]

DEViation<ws>MINimum|MAXimum

Examples: DEV 5KHZ

DEV 5E3

DEV MAXIMUM

DEV MIN

Query

Syntax: DEViation?[<ws>MAXimum|MINimum]

Examples: DEV?

DEV? MAX

Response: NR3

SWEep

This command activates or deactivates sweep:

Arguments

Type: Boolean

Command Type: Setting or Query

Setting

Syntax: SWE<ws>ON|OFF|LIN|LOG

Examples: SWE ON

SWE LIN

Query

Syntax: SWE?

Response: OFF|LIN ON|LIN OFF|LOG ON|LOG

OFF

Note: Sweep will automatically be active if set to Linear or

Logarithmic.

SWRAte

This command sets the time for one complete sweep:

Arguments

Type: Numeric

Units: S, mS, uS, nS

Range: 10mS to 100S

Command Type: Setting or Query

Setting

Syntax: SWRAte<ws><time>[units]

SWRAte<ws>MINimum|MAXimum

Examples: SWRAte 50MS

Query

Syntax: SWRAte?[<ws>MINimum|MAXimum]

Response: NR3

SWSTArt

This command sets the start frequency of the sweep:

Arguments

Type: Numeric.

Units: MHz, KHz, Hz (default)

Range: Dependent on the frequency range of the

current function.

Command Type: Setting or Query

Setting

Syntax: SWSTArt<ws><frequency>[units]

SWSTArt<ws>MINimum|MAXimum

Examples: SWSTArt 5KHZ

SWSTArt 5E3

SWSTArt MAXIMUM

SWSTArt MIN

Query

Syntax: SWSTArt?[<ws>MAXimum|MINimum]

Examples: SWSTArt ?

SWSTArt ? MAX

Response: NR3

SWSTOp

This command sets the stop frequency of the sweep:

Arguments

Type: Numeric.

Units: MHz, KHz, Hz (default)

Range: Dependent on the frequency range of the

current function.

Command Type: Setting or Query

Setting

Syntax: SWSTOp<ws><frequency>[units]

SWSTOp<ws>MINimum|MAXimum

Examples: SWSTOp 5KHZ

SWSTOp 5E3

SWSTOp MAXIMUM

SWSTOp MIN

Query

Syntax: SWSTOp?[<ws>MAXimum|MINimum]

Examples: SWSTOp ?

SWSTOp ? MAX

Response: NR3

MODE <trigger mode>

This command is used to set the trigger mode.

Arguments

Type: Character

Options: CONTinuous

TRIGger

GATE

BURSt

Command Type: Setting or Query

Setting

Syntax: MODE<ws><CONT|TRIG|GATE|BURS>

Examples: MODE CONT

MODE BURS

Query

Syntax: MODE?

Response: CONT|TRIG|GATE|BURS

TRIGger <trigger source>

This command is used to select the trigger source, for use

in the Trigger, Gate and Burst trigger modes.

Arguments

Type: Character

Command Type: Setting or Query

Setting

Syntax: TRIGger<ws><INT|EXT>

Examples: TRIG EXT

TRIG INT

Query

Syntax: TRIGger?

Response: INT|EXT

BURSt <burst count>

This command is used to set the number of cycles to be

output in the BURST mode. It is not a standard SCPI

command.

Arguments

Type: Numeric

Range: 1 to 65535

Rounding: To integer value

Command Type: Setting or Query

Setting

Syntax: BURSt<ws><value>

Examples: BURS 100

BURS MAXIMUM

Query

Syntax: BURSt?[<ws>MAXimum|MINimum]

Response: NR1

Examples: BURST?

BURS? MAX

TRAte <trigger rate>

Sets the rate of the internal trigger.

Arguments

Type: Numeric

Units: S, mS, uS, nS

Range: 1 uS to 10S

Rounding: to 4 digits

Command Type: Setting or Query

Setting

Syntax: TRAte<ws><value>[units]

TRAte<ws>MINimum|MAXimum

Examples: TRAte 10E-6

TRAte MIN

Query

Syntax: TRAte?[<ws>MINimum|MAXimum]

Response: NR3

Examples: TRAte?

TRAte? MIN

ERRor?

This query returns the first entry in the error queue, and

removes that entry from the queue.

Command Type: Query only

Query

Syntax: ERRor?

Response: <Error number>, "<error description>"

4.9.2 Arbitrary Subsystem

The Arbitrary subsystem is not part of the SCPI

standard. It was developed to suit the needs of the

instrument. Within this subsystem are found

commands to:

1) control the point rate, start address, wavelength,

and synchronization pulse address;

2) set values of the arbitrary waveform, either

discretely or using predefined, copy or draw

functions;

3) protect an area of waveform memory;

4) set the state of the automatic update and

increment features;

5) update the waveform.

The following shows the structure of the ARBitrary

subsystem:

:ARBitrary

:PRATe <numeric value>

:ADDRess <numeric value>

:DATA <numeric value>|<arbitrary block>

:DRAW <numeric value>,<numeric value>

:PREDefined

100

:STARt <numeric value>

:LENGth <numeric value>

:SAVe

Point Rate

ARBitrary:PRATe <point rate>

This command is used to set the point rate. It is coupled

with the frequency of the waveform by the relation:

Frequency = 1/(Point Rate * Wavelength)

Thus changing the point rate will result in a change in

frequency.

Arguments

Type: Numeric

Units: S, mS, uS, nS

Range: 20nS to 50S

Rounding: to 4 digits

Command Type: Setting or Query

Setting

Syntax: :ARBitrary:PRATe<ws><point

rate>[units]

:ARBitrary:PRATe<ws>MINimum|MAXimum

Examples: :ARB:PRAT 100NS

Query

Syntax:

:ARBitrary:PRATe?[<ws>MINimum|MAXimum]

Response: NR3

Note: You can alternately use the RATE command.

101

Address

:ARBitrary:ADDRess <address>

This command sets the current address of the

waveform. It is used to determine to where arbitrary data

are to be written.

Arguments

Type: Numeric

Range: 1 to 1,000

Rounding: to integer value

Command Type: Setting or Query

Setting

Syntax:

:ARBitrary:ADDRess<ws><address>

:ARBitrary:ADDRess<ws>MINimum|MAXimum

Examples: :ARB:ADDR 100

Query

Syntax:

:ARBitrary:ADDRess?[<ws>MINimum|MAXimum]

Response: NR1

Data

:ARBitrary:DATA <data>

This command is used to set the values of the

waveform.

Arguments

102

Type: Numeric. Definite form arbitrary block.

Indefinite form arbitrary block

Numeric Range: -2047 to 2047 ASCII

Rounding: to integer value

Command Type: Setting or Query

Setting Syntax

Numeric:

:ARBitrary:DATA<ws><numeric>{[,<numeric]}

Example :ARB:DATA 100,200,1000,2000,-

2000

Query

Syntax:

:ARBitrary:DATA?<ws><number

of points>,ASCii

Response: Data are returned in the decimal

numeric form.

Considerations:

Line Draw

:ARBitrary:DRAW <start address>,<end address>

This command is used to generate a straight line

between two points in the arbitrary waveform memory.

Arguments

Type: Numeric.

Range: 1 to 500,000

Rounding: to integer value

Command Type: Setting only

Setting

Syntax: :ARBitrary:DRAW<ws><start

address>,<end address>

Example: :ARB:DRAW 1,1000

103

Considerations:

1) The value of the data at the start and end points

must first be set by the user, using the

:ARB:DATA command.

2) The range of the straight line cannot overlap with

protected memory.

3) The end address must be greater than the start

address.

Predefined waveforms

:ARB:PRED <shape>,<start address>,<length>,<scale>

This command is used to load the waveform memory

with a specific type of waveform.

Arguments

Shape

Type: Character

Options: SINusoid

SQUare

TRIangle

NOISe (Pseudo-Random Noise)

ANOise (Noise added to the current

waveform)

Start Address

Type: Numeric. The MIN and MAX forms both

set the address to 1

Range: 1 to 1000

Rounding: to integer value

Length

Type: Numeric.

104

Range

SIN: 16 to 1000; divisible by 4

SQU: 2 to 1000; divisible by 2

TRI: 16 to 1000; divisible by 4

NOIS: 16 to 1000,

ANO: 16 to 1000,

Rounding: to integer value.

Scale

Type: Numeric. MIN sets the scale to 1;

MAX sets the scale to 100

Range: 1 to 100 (See considerations)

Rounding; to integer value.

Command Type: Setting only

Setting

Syntax: :ARBitrary:PREDefined<ws>

Examples: :ARB:PRED SIN,1,1e3,100

Considerations:

1) The start address and the length must meet the

specification that. Start address + Length - 1 <= 1,000

2) The 'scale' refers to the scaling of the waveform as a

percentage of full scale. A scale of 100% will, under the

correct conditions, generate a waveform whose data

values range from -2047 to +2047. These 'correct

conditions' are set by the 'offset' value. This offset is the

value of the data at the start address, and determines

the maximum scale settable. The following table shows

the data values required in order to achieve maximum

scale.

SHAPE DATA

SIN 0

SQU 0

105

TRI 0

NOIS 0

Start Address

:ARBitrary:STARt <start address>

This command sets the start address of the waveform to

be run.

Arguments

Type: Numeric

Range: 1 to 999

Rounding: to integer value

Command Type: Setting or Query

Setting

Syntax: :ARBitrary:STARt<ws><start

address>

:ARBitrary:STARt<ws>MINimum|MAXimum

Example: :ARB:STAR 100

Query

Syntax:

:ARBitrary:STARt?[<ws>MINimum|MAXimum]

Examples: :ARB:START?

:ARB:STAR? MIN

Response: NR1

Considerations: The start address and length must

meet the condition:

Start Address + Length - 1 <= 1000

Wavelength

:ARBitrary:LENGth <length>

106

This command sets the length of the waveform being

run.

Arguments

Type: Numeric

Range: 2 to 1000

Rounding: to integer value

Command Type: Setting or Query

Setting

Syntax: :ARBitrary:LENGth<ws><length>

:ARBitrary:LENGth<ws>MINimum|MAXimum

Example: :ARB:LENG 1E3

Query

Syntax:

:ARBitrary:LENGth?[<ws>MINimum|MAXimum]

Example: :ARB:LENG?

Response: NR1

Considerations: 1) Changing the wavelength will

change either the frequency.

2) The minimum wavelength is 2.

Save

:ARBitrary:SAVe

This command is used to save all unsaved arbitrary

waveform data into non-volatile memory..

Arguments

Type: none

Command Type: Setting only

Setting

Syntax: :ARBitrary: SAVe

107

SERVICE INFORMATION

Warranty Service: Please go the support and service section on our website

www.bkprecision.com to obtain a RMA #. Return the product in the original

packaging with proof of purchase to the address below. Clearly state on the RMA the

performance problem and return any leads, probes, connectors and accessories that

you are using with the device.

Non-Warranty Service: Please go the support and service section on our website

www.bkprecision.com to obtain a RMA #. Return the product in the original

packaging to the address below. Clearly state on the RMA the performance problem

and return any leads, probes, connectors and accessories that you are using with the

device. Customers not on an open account must include payment in the form of a

money order or credit card. For the most current repair charges please refer to the

service and support section on our website.

Return all merchandise to B&K Precision Corp. with pre-paid shipping. The

flat-rate repair charge for Non-Warranty Service does not include return

shipping. Return shipping to locations in North America is included for

Warranty Service. For overnight shipments and non-North American shipping

fees please contact B&K Precision Corp.

B&K Precision Corp.

22820 Savi Ranch Parkway

Yorba Linda, CA 92887

www.bkprecision.com

714-921-9095

Include with the returned instrument your complete return shipping

address, contact name, phone number and description of problem.

108

LIMITED THREE-YEAR WARRANTY

B&K Precision Corp. warrants to the original purchaser that its products and

the component parts thereof, will be free from defects in workmanship and

materials for a period of three years from date of purchase.

B&K Precision Corp. will, without charge, repair or replace, at its option,

defective product or component parts. Returned product must be

accompanied by proof of the purchase date in the form of a sales receipt.

To help us better serve you, please complete the warranty registration for

your new instrument via our website www.bkprecision.com

Exclusions: This warranty does not apply in the event of misuse or

abuse of the product or as a result of unauthorized alterations or

repairs. The warranty is void if the serial number is altered, defaced or

removed.

B&K Precision Corp. shall not be liable for any consequential damages,

including without limitation damages resulting from loss of use. Some states

do not allow limitations of incidental or consequential damages. So the above

limitation or exclusion may not apply to you.

This warranty gives you specific rights and you may have other rights, which

vary from state-to-state.

B&K Precision Corp.

22820 Savi Ranch Parkway

Yorba Linda, CA 92887

www.bkprecision.com

714-921-9095

109

Index

Amplitude, 13, 28, 50

cursor, 49

duty cycle, 28

Errors, 51

factory default, 50

frequency, 28

Impedance Matching,

LCD, 24

Linear, 35

Offset, 28

recall, 54

safety, 3

Specifications, 13

store, 53

Symmetry, 28

Sync Out, 25

22820 Savi Ranch Parkway

Yorba Linda, CA 92887

www.bkprecision.com

V022014

4045B DDS Function Generator Manual

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