CalAmp Wireless Networks MCUC5 Integra 900 MHz Radio-Modem User Manual technical manual first released version

CALAMP WIRELESS NETWORKS INC. Integra 900 MHz Radio-Modem technical manual first released version

technical manual first released version

Integra-TTechnical Manualversion 1.00The entire contents of this manual and the Software describedin this manual are copyright 1998 by DATARADIO Inc.Copyright DATARADIO Inc.May 1998part no.: 120 40101-100
iTable of Contents1. PRODUCT OVERVIEW................................................................................................................................... 11.1 INTENDED AUDIENCE ....................................................................................................................................... 11.2 GENERAL DESCRIPTION .................................................................................................................................... 11.2.1 Characteristics ........................................................................................................................................ 11.3 CONFIGURATION ............................................................................................................................................... 11.4 CATALOG NUMBERS ......................................................................................................................................... 21.5 FACTORY TECHNICAL SUPPORT........................................................................................................................ 21.6 PRODUCT WARRANTY ...................................................................................................................................... 21.7 REPLACEMENT PARTS....................................................................................................................................... 21.7.1 Factory Repair........................................................................................................................................ 21.8 PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION.................................................................................................................................... 31.9 DIAGNOSTICS.................................................................................................................................................... 31.9.1 Remote Commands.................................................................................................................................. 31.10 FIRMWARE UPGRADES ................................................................................................................................. 31.11 NETWORK APPLICATION............................................................................................................................... 31.11.1 RF Path and Communications Range................................................................................................. 31.11.2 Basic Connections .............................................................................................................................. 41.11.3 Common Characteristics .................................................................................................................... 41.11.4 Point to Point System.......................................................................................................................... 41.11.5 Point–Multipoint System..................................................................................................................... 41.11.6 Repeaters ............................................................................................................................................ 51.11.6.1 All Stations Use the Repeater..........................................................................................................................51.11.6.2 Some Stations Use the Repeater......................................................................................................................51.11.7 Extending a Landline (Tail Circuit).................................................................................................... 62. FEATURES AND OPERATION...................................................................................................................... 72.1 OVERVIEW........................................................................................................................................................ 72.2 INTENDED AUDIENCE ....................................................................................................................................... 72.3 FRONT PANEL ................................................................................................................................................... 72.3.1 Antenna Connector ................................................................................................................................. 72.3.2 LED Indicators........................................................................................................................................ 72.3.3 Connection to DTE.................................................................................................................................. 72.3.3.1 Connector Pinout.............................................................................................................................................82.3.4 Com Port................................................................................................................................................. 82.3.4.1 3 Wire Connection (DOX) ..............................................................................................................................82.3.5 Setup Port................................................................................................................................................ 82.4 REAR PANEL..................................................................................................................................................... 92.4.1 Heat Sink................................................................................................................................................. 92.4.2 Power / Analog connector....................................................................................................................... 92.4.2.1 Power ..............................................................................................................................................................92.4.2.2 Power / Analog cable ......................................................................................................................................92.4.2.3 Analog inputs ..................................................................................................................................................92.5 OPERATION..................................................................................................................................................... 102.5.1 Operating Modes................................................................................................................................... 102.5.2 Data Forwarding Timer........................................................................................................................ 102.5.3 Sending Break Signals .......................................................................................................................... 102.5.4 COM Port Baud Rates .......................................................................................................................... 102.5.5 Diagnostics............................................................................................................................................ 102.5.6 Addressing............................................................................................................................................. 112.5.7 Station Type........................................................................................................................................... 11
ii2.6 ONLINE DIAGNOSTICS..................................................................................................................................... 112.6.1 Using an External Program for Online Diagnostics............................................................................. 112.6.1.1 Initialization ..................................................................................................................................................122.6.1.2 Online Diagnostic String Format...................................................................................................................122.6.2 Interpreting Diagnostic Results ............................................................................................................ 122.6.2.1 Short ID.........................................................................................................................................................122.6.2.2 Temperature...................................................................................................................................................122.6.2.3 B+ Voltage ....................................................................................................................................................132.6.2.4 Remote RSSI.................................................................................................................................................132.6.2.5 Local RSSI ....................................................................................................................................................132.6.2.6 Interpreting RSSI Readings...........................................................................................................................132.6.2.7 Forward Power..............................................................................................................................................132.6.2.8 Interpreting Power Readings.........................................................................................................................132.6.2.9 Reverse Power...............................................................................................................................................142.6.2.10 Reverse Power and SWR...............................................................................................................................142.6.2.11 RX Quality Indicator.....................................................................................................................................142.7 OFFLINE DIAGNOSTICS.................................................................................................................................... 142.8 LOW POWER OPERATION ................................................................................................................................152.8.1 Reduced Transmit Power...................................................................................................................... 152.8.2 Suspend Mode ....................................................................................................................................... 152.8.3 Sleep Mode............................................................................................................................................ 152.8.4 Remote Unit Wake-up by DTE .............................................................................................................. 152.9 TRANSMITTER TIMEOUT ................................................................................................................................. 152.10 OPTIMIZING YOUR SYSTEM ........................................................................................................................ 163. ADJUSTMENTS AND MAINTENANCE..................................................................................................... 173.1 OVERVIEW...................................................................................................................................................... 173.2 INTENDED AUDIENCE ..................................................................................................................................... 173.3 EQUIPMENT REQUIRED ................................................................................................................................... 173.4 MAINTENANCE INTERVALS............................................................................................................................. 173.5 LOCATION OF ADJUSTMENTS AND TEST POINTS ............................................................................................. 173.5.1 Logic Board, Top View ......................................................................................................................... 173.5.2 Logic Board, Bottom View.................................................................................................................... 183.5.3 Radio Module........................................................................................................................................ 183.6 BASIC ADJUSTMENTS REQUIRED .................................................................................................................... 183.6.1 Preliminary Steps.................................................................................................................................. 183.6.2 After Adjustments are Done .................................................................................................................. 203.6.3 Preparing the Unit for TCXO Adjustment............................................................................................. 204. CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION.............................................................................................................................. 214.1 OVERVIEW...................................................................................................................................................... 214.2 INTENDED AUDIENCE ..................................................................................................................................... 214.3 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION .................................................................................................................................... 214.3.1 Microprocessor Circuit......................................................................................................................... 214.3.2 RS232.................................................................................................................................................... 224.3.3 ANALOG SECTION.............................................................................................................................. 224.3.4 Integra A/D and DIGIPOT.................................................................................................................... 224.3.5 Wake-Up Circuit ................................................................................................................................... 234.3.6 Power Supply ........................................................................................................................................ 23
iiiTABLE 1: COM PORT SIGNALS....................................................................................................................................... 8TABLE 2: SETUP PORT SIGNALS ..................................................................................................................................... 8TABLE 3: SWR / REV PWR .......................................................................................................................................... 14TABLE 4: TESTS AND ADJUSTMENTS ............................................................................................................................ 19FIGURE 1 - BASIC CONNECTIONS REQUIRED................................................................................................................... 4FIGURE 2 - POINT TO POINT SYSTEM............................................................................................................................. 4FIGURE 3 - POINT–MULTIPOINT SYSTEM ....................................................................................................................... 4FIGURE 4 - REPEATER: ALL STATIONS ........................................................................................................................... 5FIGURE 5 - REPEATER: SOME STATIONS ........................................................................................................................ 5FIGURE 6 - TAIL CIRCUIT ............................................................................................................................................... 6FIGURE 7 - DCE CROSSOVER CABLE............................................................................................................................. 6FIGURE 8 - INTEGRA FRONT PANEL ................................................................................................................................7FIGURE 9 - COM CONNECTOR PIN LOCATIONS............................................................................................................... 8FIGURE 10 - 3 WIRE INTERFACE...................................................................................................................................... 8FIGURE 11 - INTEGRA REAR PANEL ................................................................................................................................9FIGURE 12 - POWER / ANALOG CONNECTOR.................................................................................................................. 9FIGURE 13- POWER / ANALOG CABLE ............................................................................................................................ 9FIGURE 14 - LOGIC BOARD: TOP VIEW........................................................................................................................ 17FIGURE 15 - LOGIC BOARD: BOTTOM VIEW................................................................................................................. 18FIGURE 16 - RADIO MODULE (UHF SHOWN) ................................................................................................................ 18FIGURE 17 - LOGIC BOARD BLOCK DIAGRAM.............................................................................................................. 21
ivWhat's New in this Version• This is the first release version of the Integra-T technical manual.
vDefinitionsThe following terms are used throughout this document.Bit dribble Extraneous bits delivered at the end of a data transmission. Equivalent to a“squelch tail” in voice systems. The Integra-T does not have bit dribble.COM Port The Communications Port of the Integra-T. This port is configured as DCE andis designed to connect directly to DTE.CTS Clear to Send. An RS-232 output signal from the Integra-T indicating that it isready to accept data.DCE Data Communications Equipment. This designation is applied to equipment suchas modems. DCE is designed to connect to DTE.DOX Data Operated Transmit. A mode of operation in which the Integra-T begins atransmission as soon as data is presented to the RS-232 port.DTE Data Terminal Equipment. This designation is applied to equipment such as ter-minals, PCs, RTUs, PLCs, etc. DTE is designed to connect to DCE.PLC Programmable Logic Controller. An intelligent device that can make decisions,gather and report information, and control other devices.RDS Radio Diagnostic Software. This software allows local and remote diagnostics ofthe Integra-T.RRSS Remote Radio Setup Software.RSS Radio Service Software. This software allows configuration and testing of theIntegra-T.RTS Request to Send. RS-232 input signal to the Integra-T indicating that the DTEhas data to send. RTS may optionally be used as a transmit switch for theIntegra-T.RTS mode A mode of operation in which the Integra-T begins a transmission when RTS israised, and continues transmitting until RTS is dropped.RTU Remote Terminal Unit. A SCADA device used to gather information or controlother devices.SCADA Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition. A general term referring to systemsthat gather data and/or perform control operations.SETUP Port The configuration / diagnostic port of the Integra-T. This port is designed to beconnected to a PC running the Integra RSS program.Transparent A transparent unit transmits all data without regard to special characters, etc.
120 40101-100 1Integra T Technical Manual1. PRODUCT OVERVIEWThis document provides the information re-quired for the installation, operation and main-tenance of the DATARADIO Integra-T radio-modem.1.1 Intended AudienceThis manual is intended for use by system de-signers, installers and maintenance technicians1.2 General Description The Integra-T is a high speed transparentradiomodem designed specifically to fit theneeds of SCADA, telemetry and controlapplications. The Integra-T provides the com-munication links among data equipment forinstallations where wired communication isimpractical. The Integra-T will work with most makes andmodels of RTU, PLC and with their protocols(usually polling) . Configuration settings allowtailoring for a variety of applications. The Integra-T supports:1. Point to point Master–Slave or Peer to Peerconfigurations in simplex or half duplexmodes.2. Point to multipoint Master–Slave configur-ation in simplex or half duplex modes.3. Point to point and point to multipoint in-stallations that require a repeater.4. Point to point PC–PC links for testing pur-poses. Settings and connections for these configura-tions are given later in this manual.1.2.1 Characteristics The Integra-T has the following characteristics:1. One COM port for connection to DTE.Speeds 300 - 9600 b/s.2. One SETUP port, for configuration anddiagnostics.3. Built-in 5 watt transceiver, operating in theVHF, UHF or 900 MHz communicationsbands. Half duplex or simplex operation.4. Fully transparent operation with error-freedata delivery.5. Allows transmission of “break” characters.6. DOX (Data Operating Transmission) orRTS mode.7. Stations may be set as “master” or “remote”to prevent remote stations from hearing eachother.8. Full local and remote diagnostics9. Two 8 bit analog inputs (0 - 10V).10. Low power consumption modes: “sleep”and “suspend” modes (nominal 7mA).1.3 Configuration Operating characteristics of the Integra-T areconfigured by means of Integra Radio ServiceSoftware (RSS - p/n 085 03281-000) availablefrom your sales representative. Also available isthe Integra Radio Diagnostic Software (RDS)which permits both local and remote diagnosticsand the Remote Radio Service Software (RRSS)which allow remote programming. The RSS,RDS and RRSS programs are MSDOS basedand will run on any 486 or higher PC (2 Mega-bytes memory required). The Integra-T requires the use of the RSS forboth configuration and adjustment.
120 40101-100 2Integra T Technical Manual 1.4 Catalog Numbers An Integra-T may be identified from its catalognumber.CATALOG NUMBERSFormat is INA [radio][band][channel spacing]0-Tradio 22 12 92freq VHF UHF 900power 5 W 5 W 5 Wband1 380 - 4032 403 - 4193 419 - 4354 132 - 150 435 - 4515 150 - 174 450 - 470 928 - 9606 464 - 4807 480 - 4968 496 - 512channel spacing3 30.0 25.0 25.0For example, an INA12530-T is an Integra-T, operating inthe 450-470 MHz band with 25 kHz channel spacing 1.5 Factory Technical Support The Technical Support departments ofDATARADIO and Johnson Data Telemetry (JDT)provide customer assistance on technical prob-lems and serve as an interface with factory re-pair facilities. Technical support hours are 9:00AM to 5:00 PM, Eastern Time, Monday to Fri-day. Technical support can be reached in thefollowing ways: DATARADIO Inc. 5500 Royalmount Ave, suite 200 Town of Mount Royal Quebec, Canada H4P 1H7 phone: +1 514 737-0020 fax: +1 514 737-7883Email address: support@dataradio.com Johnson Data Telemetry Corp. Customer Service Department 299 Johnson Avenue, P.O. Box 1733 Waseca, MN 56093-0833 phone: 800 992-7774 and +1 507 835-6911 fax: 507 835-6969Email address: support@johnsondata.com1.6 Product Warranty Warranty information may be obtained by con-tacting your sales representative.1.7 Replacement Parts This product is normally not field serviceable,except by the replacement of complete units.Specialized equipment and training is requiredto repair logic boards and radio modules. Contact Technical Support for service informa-tion before returning equipment. A TechnicalSupport representative may suggest a solutioneliminating the need to return equipment.1.7.1 Factory Repair When returning equipment for repair, you mustrequest an RMA (returned merchandise authori-zation) number. The Tech Support representa-tive will ask you several questions to clearlyidentify the problem. Please give the represen-tative the name of a contact person who is fa-miliar with the problem, in case questions ariseduring servicing of the unit. Customers are responsible for shipping chargesfor returned units. Units in warranty will be re-paired free of charge unless there is evidence ofabuse or damage beyond the terms of the war-ranty. Units out of warranty will be subject toservice charges. Information about these chargesis available from Technical Support.
120 40101-100 3Integra T Technical Manual1.8 Physical Description The Integra-T consists of a logic PCB (whichincludes the modem circuitry) and a separateradio module. The two boards plug directly to-gether and slide into the rails of an extrudedaluminum case. DTE connection is via a frontpanel connector. Power is applied through aconnector, which also includes analog inputs, onthe rear panel. The unit is not hermeticallysealed and should be mounted in a suitable en-closure where dust and/or a corrosive atmos-phere are anticipated. There are no externalswitches or adjustments; operating parametersare set using the RSS.1.9 Diagnostics The Integra-T has sophisticated built-in diag-nostics which may be transmitted automaticallywithout interfering with normal network opera-tion. In addition, commands to generate testtransmissions, etc., may be issued either locallyor remotely. Diagnostic information takes one of two forms: Online diagnostics. Information is auto-matically sent by each unit at the beginningof every data transmission. Offline diagnostics. Information is sent by aspecific unit in response to an inquiry madelocally or from another station. Diagnostics are processed using the Integra-T’RDS.1.9.1 Remote Commands The upcoming Integra RRSS will allow config-uring most functions and adjustments remotelyvia the radio network. Sending remote commands and receiving re-sponses is done with the host application off-line.1.10 Firmware Upgrades Integra firmware resides in flash EPROM and isdesigned to allow field upgrades. Upgrades are done using a PC connected to theIntegra and do not require that the unit beopened.1.11 Network Application The Integra-T is suited to a variety of networkapplications. Its primary design goal was to sat-isfy the needs of SCADA systems using RTUsor PLCs in either point to point or point–multi-point service. This section gives an overview of some commonconfigurations. Selection of “master” or “re-mote” as well as data delivery conditions isdone using the Integra RSS.1.11.1 RF Path and CommunicationsRange The Integra-T is designed for use over distancesup to 30 miles (50 km) depending on terrain andantenna system. To assure reliable commun-ications, the RF (radio frequency) path betweenstations should be studied by a competent pro-fessional, who will then determine what anten-nas are required, and whether or not a repeater isneeded.
120 40101-100 4Integra T Technical Manual1.11.2 Basic Connections The connections required (except power) areshown below in Figure 1. While an RTU or PLC is shown in the diagram,master stations often use a PC running an appli-cation designed to communicate with remoteRTUs or PLCs. The Setup PC is used for both configuration andlocal and remote diagnostics. It may be left con-nected at all times if desired, but is not requiredfor normal operation once the unit has been con-figured. Integra®AntennaIntegra TSetup PC RTU or PLC Figure 1 - Basic connections required1.11.3 Common Characteristics The networks described below share a numberof common characteristics.1. The network baud rate (4800 or 9600) mustbe the same for all stations in a network.2. Unless otherwise noted, the default settingsof station type is “master” and data deliveryis “all”.3. Transmission of online diagnostics may beenabled or disabled at any station or stationswithout affecting their ability to commun-icate with other stations.1.11.4 Point to Point System A simple point to point connection is shownbelow: DTE Integra DTEIntegra Figure 2 - Point to Point System In such a system, the user’s equipment (DTE)may be set up in either a peer–to-peer or a mas-ter slave configuration. The Integra-T’s may beleft in their default configuration, which is:1. Both units set as “master”.2. Both units set to deliver “all” data transmis-sions.Two other configurations that would workequally well are:1. One unit set to “master”, the other to “re-mote”, delivery set to either “all” or “selec-tive” data transmissions .2. Both units set to “remote”, data delivery setto “all”.1.11.5 Point–Multipoint SystemA basic point–multipoint system is shownbelow:remoteremoteremotemasterFigure 3 - Point–Multipoint SystemIf a half duplex radio network is used (i.e. twofrequencies with the master station transmittingand receiving on the reverse pair from the re-motes) the Integra-T’s may be left in their de-
120 40101-100 5Integra T Technical Manualfault configuration (station type “master” anddata delivery “all”).If a simplex radio network is used (i.e. a singlefrequency for all stations) we recommend thatthe master Integra-T be set to “master”, the re-motes to “remote” and all units to “selective”data delivery. This will prevent remote stationsfrom hearing each other’s responses. Use thissetting also if a full duplex repeater is used.1.11.6 RepeatersDepending on the terrain and distances in-volved, two Integras may not be able to commu-nicate directly over the desired path. In suchcases, a repeater station may be used betweenthe two Integras.The Integra-T is compatible with theDATARADIO Full Duplex Repeater (FDR) whichis available in all frequency bands. The FDRmakes use of two frequencies, one for receivingand one for transmitting. It uses data regenera-tion and will pass only data signals. Conven-tional voice repeaters cannot be used with theIntegra-T.We do not recommend “cascading” repeaters tocover extended distances with the Integra-T.Should such a need exist, contact your sales rep-resentaive.Note that while the repeater itself is a full du-plex unit, the network only allows data to flowin one direction at a time. In other words it is afull duplex repeater, not a full duplex network.The Integras must also be set for two frequen-cies (i.e. different transmit and receive frequen-cies). This is referred to as half duplex opera-tion.Authorization for two frequencies must be ob-tained from your regulatory authority. In anynetwork with an FDR, we recommend that themaster Integra-T be set to “master”, the remotesto “remote” and all units to “selective” data de-livery. This will prevent remote stations fromhearing each other’s responses.1.11.6.1 All Stations Use the RepeaterThis may apply to point to point or point–multi-point networks.tx = F2rx = F1F1F2tx = F1rx = F2 tx = F1rx = F2F1F2FDRFigure 4 - Repeater: All StationsIn such a network, all Integras will be set totransmit on the same frequency (F1) and receiveon another frequency (F2). The repeater is set tothe opposite pair.1.11.6.2 Some Stations Use theRepeaterIn a point–multipoint network, the repeater maybe called upon to serve only some of the remotestations, while others will be in direct range ofthe master.tx = F2rx = F1tx = F1rx = F2tx = F1rx = F2tx = F2rx = F1FDRFigure 5 - Repeater: Some StationsIn this case, stations that communicate with themaster through the repeater will use the oppositefrequency pair to the repeater, while those thatcommunicate directly with the master will usethe same frequency pair as the repeater.
120 40101-100 6Integra T Technical Manual1.11.7 Extending a Landline (TailCircuit)An Integra-T may be used to extend a landlinecircuit (giving access to difficult locations, etc.).This type of connection is called a “tail circuit”and is shown in Figure 6 below. The tail circuitassembly may be used in any of the networktypes described in the preceding sections.linemodem linemodemdedicatedline Integra TDTEDCE crossovercableFigure 6 - Tail CircuitNote: The line modems should be full duplexunits. 123456789DE-9M7328514DE-9MDCDRXDTXDDTRGNDRTSCTSRTSTXDRXDCTSGNDDCDDTR Figure 7 - DCE Crossover Cable
120 40101-100 7Integra T Technical Manual2. Features and Operation2.1 OverviewThis chapter describes the connections,indicators and operating characteristics of theIntegra-T.2.2 Intended AudienceThis chapter is intended for system design andinstallation personnel.2.3 Front PanelIntegra®ANTSETUP COMRUN CS RX RDPWR SYN TXTDFigure 8 - Integra front panelThe various front panel elements are describedin the following sections.2.3.1 Antenna ConnectorAntenna connector is a type SMA-female, 50ohms.Testing must be done with a 50 ohm dummyload. Units operated with a “rubber duck” an-tenna connected directly to the antenna con-nector may exhibit unusual operating character-istics and high levels of reverse power.2.3.2 LED IndicatorsThe Integra-T has four two-color LED indi-cators. Functions are shown in the followingtable:RUN/PWR red CPU or PROM failure *flashred firmware error *green normal operationflashgreen sleep mode (flashes dur-ing wakeup)flashred &greensetup mode, or loadingnew application or newbootloaderCS/SYN red (reserved)green RF carrier presentoff no RF carrierRX/TX red transmitter is ongreen receiving network datayellow synthesizer unlockedoff no TX, no RXRD/TD red TX data incoming at RS-232 portgreen RX data outgoing fromRS-232 portoff no TXD, no RXD* Contact technical support.2.3.3 Connection to DTEThe Integra-T is configured as DCE. Most DTEshould be connected using a 9–conductor pin topin “straight” cable.Some RTUs or PLCs may require a special ca-ble to route the signals correctly. See the docu-mentation for your data equipment for furtherinformation.
120 40101-100 8Integra T Technical Manual2.3.3.1 Connector PinoutFor reference, the DE-9 F pinout is shown be-low:123456789Figure 9 - COM connector pin locations2.3.4 Com PortBaud rates from 300 – 9600 are supported. Un-less required by your operating protocol, weadvise restricting port speed to be equal to orless than the RF network speed.Table 1: COM port signalsPin Name Function1 DCD Output: Always asserted or assertedwhen RX data available (selectablevia RSS)2 RXD Output: Data from Integra-To DTE3 TXD Input: Data from DTE to Integra4 DTR Input: Ignored5 GND Signal and chassis ground6 DSR Output: always positive (asserted)7 RTS Input: Must be asserted for unit toaccept TX data.Will “wake up” a unit in sleep mode.Used as a “begin transmission” signalin RTS mode.8 CTS Output: Used for handshaking in bothDOX and RTS modes.RTS mode: RTS/CTS delay is 4ms.DOX mode: CTS always asserted,except when data overflow is de-tected.9 RI Not connected2.3.4.1 3 Wire Connection (DOX)The Integra-T provides and expects normalhandshaking signals, such as CTS, DCD andDSR, for DTE using such signals. However, itcan also be operated in DOX mode (Data Oper-ating Transmission) with only Transmit Data,Receive Data and Ground (“3 wire interface”).123456789RXDTXDGNDDE-9MFigure 10 - 3 wire interface2.3.5 Setup Port The Setup port uses a DE-9 female connectorconfigured as DCE. Signals are described in thefollowing table. Table 2: Setup Port signals Pin Name Function 1 DCD Tied directly to DTR. 2 RXD Data from Integra-To setup PC 3 TXD Data from setup PC to Integra 4 DTR Tied directly to DCD. 5 GND Signal and chassis ground 6 DSR Output; always positive (asserted) 7 RTS Tied to CTS. Also monitored to “wakeup” unit from sleep mode. 8 CTS Tied to RTS. 9 RI not used The Setup port uses a proprietary commun-ications protocol designed to work with the In-tegra RSS, RRSS and RDS programs and toprovide numeric diagnostic information.
120 40101-100 9Integra T Technical Manual2.4 Rear Panel Figure 11 - Integra rear panel The various elements are described in the fol-lowing sections.2.4.1 Heat Sink The rear panel heat sink is essential for properoperation of the Integra-T transmitter. The unitmust be mounted in a location that permits freeair circulation past the heat sink. Cooling will bebest if the fins are vertical.2.4.2 Power / Analog connector The 4 pin power / analog connector pinout isshown below: +13.3 VDC (1) (2) GNDAnalog in 1 (3) (4) Analog in 2 / RX-TP(red) (black)(white)(green) Figure 12 - Power / Analog Connector2.4.2.1 Power Power requirements are 10 – 16 VDC VDC(13.3 VDC nominal), at 2.5 A maximum. Ap-plied voltage should be well filtered and pro-tected against excessive transients. The Integra-T power input is fuse protected (in-ternal surface mount 3A fuse: not field replace-able). It is also protected against reverse voltage.2.4.2.2 Power / Analog cablePIN 4 PIN 3PIN 2 PIN 1SIGNAL2SIGNAL1GROUNDPOWERWHITEGREENBLACKREDPIN 2PIN 1PIN 3PIN 4Figure 13- Power / Analog cable2.4.2.3 Analog inputs Two analog inputs are provided. Inputs arescaled to 0–10 V and have a resolution of 8 bits(1 part in 256). Inputs are referenced to chassisground. The absolute maximum input voltage should beno greater than 20 Vdc. These inputs are re-verse-voltage protected. The Integra-T allows the analog values to beread, either locally or remotely, using the Off-line Diagnostics function of the Integra RDS. Analog in 2 (pin 4) can be switched (using theIntegra RSS) to perform as the demodulated sig-nal level test point (RX-TP) which is half of thevoltage read at the RSS bar graph.If the analog inputs are not used, the green andwhite wires should be cut back and/or taped toprevent contact.
120 40101-100 10 Integra T Technical Manual2.5 Operation The Integra-T is designed for fully transparentoperation. This means that all binary values aretransmitted as data, with minimum time delays,and without regard to their binary value.“Break” signals can also be transmitted. Unlike most transparent radiomodems the Inte-gra-T eliminates “bit dribble” and allows DOXoperation. A CRC-16 error check is used so thatfaulty data will not be delivered.2.5.1 Operating Modes The Integra-T has two operating modes, for itsCOM port: (selectable via the RSS program) DOX mode: The RS-232 port is monitored forincoming data. Upon receipt of the first databyte, the transmitter is turned on. The RTSsignal is ignored (note: RTS may still beused as a wakeup signal for a unit that isasleep). RTS mode: The RTS signal is monitored for alow–to–high transition. This transitioncauses the Integra-T to turn on its transmit-ter. CTS is raised 4 ms later to accommo-date DTE that requires a CTS transition be-fore it can send data. The transmission willcontinue until RTS is dropped, or until theTx Timeout (see section 2.8.4) expires. CTS is used as a handshaking/flow control sig-nal in both modes. If the Integra’s buffers fill,CTS will be dropped as a signal to the DTE tostop sending data. This condition is most likelywhen the DATA port speed exceeds the radionetwork speed. In such cases, adjust the DTEbaud rate so that the Integra-T buffers will notfill.2.5.2 Data Forwarding Timer The data forwarding timer can modify the tim-ing between data blocks in a transmission toaccommodate some RTU’s special timing re-quirements. Set to “normal” (15 ms) unless ad-vised otherwise by technical support. Do not use“fast” (5 ms) timer below 2400 b/s.2.5.3 Sending Break Signals The Integra-T may be configured to send“break” signals, as required by some SCADAprotocols. A break signal is generated by hold-ing TXD in the zero state for longer than onecharacter time. Indication of a break signal iscarried in a special data transmission to the re-mote station, which in turn generates its ownoutput break signal. At a port speed of 9600 b/s the output break sig-nal has a duration of 10 to 20 ms, regardless ofthe duration of the input break signal. Thesetimes are scaled proportionally for other baudrates. The Integra-T may also be set to ignore“break” signals in order to prevent spurioustransmissions when terminal equipment is pow-ered on and off.2.5.4 COM Port Baud Rates The COM port operates at standard baud ratesfrom 300 – 9600 b/s. Baud rate is set using theIntegra-T RSS and is independent of the net-work baud rate setting. However, with COMport set to 300 bauds, the network speed shouldnot be set higher than 4800 b/s. We recommend that the COM port baud ratebe set to a speed not greater than the RFnetwork baud rate. Setting a COM port baudrate higher than the network rate may result indata buffers filling, which in turn may cause theIntegra-T to drop CTS. This could have detri-mental effects on some protocols, particularlythose that ignore CTS. The COM port will support 7 or 8 data bits, oneor two stop bits, and even, odd or no parity. Se-lection is made via Integra-T RSS. These pa-rameters may be set differently on various Inte-gra-T units without affecting their ability tocommunicate with each other.2.5.5 Diagnostics Online diagnostics may be included as part of anextended header at the beginning of each trans-mission. It may be enabled or disabled on a per-unit basis without affecting inter–commun-
120 40101-100 11 Integra T Technical Manualication. Reception of online diagnostics is al-ways enabled. Enabling this option adds about 5 ms delay (10ms at 4800 b/s) to each transmission, but has noother effect on network operation. Online diagnostics for all audible stations is de-livered out at the SETUP Port. An ASCII diag-nostic output is also available. Diagnostic in-formation is normally collected at the masterstation. Offline diagnostics are sent upon receipt of acommand from the Integra-T RDS, normallywhen the host application is stopped or takenoffline. Since diagnostics transmission are notunder the control of the SCADA protocol , tem-porary network disruption will occur if both areattempted simultaneously.2.5.6 Addressing Each Integra-T is associated with three identifi-cation numbers (addresses): ESN: The Electronic Serial Number is uniquelyassigned to an Integra at time of manufactureand cannot be changed. It is identical to theserial number printed on the label of the unit.The Integra-T uses this number for ident-ification only; it does not form part of the on–air protocol. The ESN of a remote unit may beviewed with the RDS by doing a Remote GET. Short ID: The short ID is used to identify theIntegra-T for purposes of diagnostics (bothonline and offline), remote configuration andcommands. The default value of the short ID(set at factory) is calculated from the ESN.This value may be changed via the IntegraRSS. It is important that all stations within acommunicating group have unique short IDs. Station Type: This is a 1 bit value used to iden-tify the station as a master or remote. This ad-dress is used only by the COM port.2.5.7 Station Type On a simplex Integra-T network, all remote sta-tions can hear the master, and many remote sta-tions can hear each other. Certain SCADA pro-tocols are designed with the assumption thatremote stations can not hear the responses topolls made by other remote stations. To allow operation with such protocols in sim-plex networks, the Integra-T has a simple ad-dressing scheme. Stations may be designated asmaster or remote. This sets a flag in the headeridentifying the type of the originating station. On the receive side, Integra-T stations can be setto accept all data, or accept data only if it origi-nates from a station of the opposite type (se-lective). This choice is made by setting DataDelivery to selective or all using the RSS.2.6 Online Diagnostics Online diagnostics, if enabled, are included withevery data transmission. Online diagnostics donot interfere with normal network operation.The following information is gathered and de-livered via the Setup port:• Unit’s “short ID”• Inside case temperature: degrees C• Supply voltage (B+): tenths of a volt• Local received signal strength: dBm• Remote received signal strength: dBm• Forward power: tenths of a watt• Reverse power: good / poor• Receive quality: based on last 15 datablocks received.2.6.1 Using an External Programfor Online DiagnosticsThe SETUP port communicates with the RDSusing a proprietary protocol which is not docu-mented in this manual. However, if a terminal,or a PC running terminal software, is connectedto the SETUP port, online diagnostic informa-tion will be delivered in plain ASCII form.For the purposes of the following discussion wewill refer to the proprietary data format asRSS/RDS mode.
120 40101-100 12 Integra T Technical Manual2.6.1.1 InitializationWhen the Integra-T is powered on, it will at-tempt to establish a link with the RSS/RDS andselect its output mode as follows:1. If RTS is not exerted on the setup port, theIntegra-T will immediately switch to ASCIImode.2. If RTS is exerted on the setup port, the Inte-gra-T will send an initialization message inRSS/RDS mode and wait for the proper re-sponse form the RSS or RDS.3. If there is no response, the Integra-T willswitch to ASCII mode.The cleanest interface for a user program existsif the program initializes the PC serial port withRTS false. This will disable the RSS/RDS modeand only ASCII data will be output from theport.2.6.1.2 Online Diagnostic StringFormatIn ASCII output mode the setup port will outputa one line diagnostic string each time the unitreceives a transmission from another unit. Noother data will be output. The string consists ofa number of comma–delimited fields terminatedby a carriage return. Each field is a constantlength (with leading zeros if required), regard-less of the value contained in the field, but thefields are not all the same length.The field definitions are shown in the table be-low.Name Length DescriptionShort ID 4 1 – 254Temperature 3 Signed value in °CB+ 4 Tenths of a volt from 6.0to 18.8VRemote RSSI 4 Signal strength receivedby remote stationLocal RSSI 4 Signal strength for thisremote as received bylocal stationFWD power 4 Tenths of a watt.Rev power 1 0 = good1 = poorRX quality 3 Number of good datablocks received in thelast 15.3 Number of total datablocks detected, maxi-mum 15.Note: A data block is about 26 bytes long.A typical diagnostic string, with its interpreta-tion, is shown below:0003, +28, 13.1, -093, -088, 4.7, 1, 015, 015Remote station # 3 reports that:• its internal case temperature is +28°C,• supply voltage is 13.1 VDC,• it is receiving a signal of -93 dBm from themaster,• the master is receiving a signal of -88 dBmfrom station 003,• the forward power is 4.7 watts,• the reflected power is OK,• 15 of the last 15 data blocks were receivedcorrectly.2.6.2 Interpreting DiagnosticResults Interpretation of the diagnostic results is similarfor both online and offline diagnostics. Wheredifferences exist, they will be noted in the text.For simplicity, we continue to assume that diag-nostics are being collected at the master station.2.6.2.1 Short ID Online diagnostic data is identified by the ShortID of the unit. Users should make sure that allunits in a communicating group have uniqueShort IDs.2.6.2.2 Temperature Internal case temperature of sending unit. Thisis a 3 digit signed value in degrees C. This valueshould remain within the limits of -30ºC to+60ºC.
120 40101-100 13 Integra T Technical Manual2.6.2.3 B+ Voltage Current value of supply voltage. This is a 4 digitsigned value in volts, e.g. a value of 13.3 indi-cates 13.3 VDC. This value should remainwithin the limits of 10-16 VDC.2.6.2.4 Remote RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) forthe last data reception prior to this transmission.This is the strength of the signal from the masterstation as received by this remote. This is a 4digit signed value in dBm, for example a valueof -090 indicates a signal strength of -90 dBm. The remote RSSI indicates the received signalstrength for the last data transmission receivedbefore transmission of the online diagnosticsreport.2.6.2.5 Local RSSI RSSI for the current transmission. This is thestrength of the last data reception from the re-mote station as received by the master. Condi-tions described in the Remote RSSI section ap-ply.2.6.2.6 Interpreting RSSI Readings Typical values of RSSI will be in the range of-110 dBm to -60 dBm, with higher values (i.e.less negative values) indicating a stronger sig-nal. Reliability of data reception depends largely onsignal strength. Good design practice calls for aminimum 30 dB “fade margin”, based on athreshold reception level of -107 dBm (1 uV) atspeed of 9600 b/s. Experience indicates that thiswill give about 99.5% reliability. Some representative performance values for9600 b/s operation are given below. These val-ues assume that the units are correctly alignedand installed in a quiet location. Environmentswith high electrical or RF noise levels will re-quire an increase in the numbers shown toachieve a given level of reliability. -100 dBm. Approximately 50% reliability.Fading may cause frequent data loss. -90 dBm. Approximately 90% reliability. Fad-ing will cause occasional data loss. -80 dBm. Approximately 99% reliability. Rea-sonable tolerance to most fading. -70 dBm. Approximately 99.9% reliability withhigh tolerance to fading. If RSSI values drops seasonally, the most likelycause is tree foliage, which can interfere withradio transmissions during the spring and sum-mer.2.6.2.7 Forward Power Approximate measure of transmit power. This isa 4 digit value in watts rounded to the nearesttenth. Note that this is an approximate valuethat should be used for trend monitoringonly. It does not compare in accuracy with val-ues obtained by a standard wattmeter.2.6.2.8 Interpreting Power Readings The values returned are approximate and shouldnot be regarded as an absolute indicator of per-formance. For example, a unit that shows a for-ward power of 4.5 watts may actually measureat 5.0 watts on a lab quality wattmeter. For thisreason, these values should not be used to indi-cate that a unit is out of spec or to compare oneunit to another. However, the values returned are consistentover time for any given unit. If statistics are kepton a unit per unit basis, changes in forward orreflected power are significant. Therefore the following conditions are worthyof investigation.1. Forward power output drops or rises bymore than 10% from its established value.Reflected power remains low.This indicates that the transmitter may needalignment or that a component may be inneed of replacement.2. Forward power output drops by more than10% from its established value. Reflectedpower shows an increase.
120 40101-100 14 Integra T Technical ManualThis indicates a possible antenna or feedlineproblem which affects SWR (StandingWave Ratio).2.6.2.9 Reverse Power Approximate measure of reverse (reflected)power. The value is returned differently for on-line and offline diagnostics: Online: The value returned is 0 if reverse poweris within acceptable limits, 1 if reversepower is too high. The threshold is set toapproximately 1/4 of the forward powervalue. Offline: Value is in watts to the nearest tenth.This value is intended as an indication ofantenna problems and will normally be usedfor trend monitoring. Ideally it should closeto be zero, but values up to about 15% ofForward Power may be encountered inproperly operating systems.2.6.2.10 Reverse Power and SWRA reverse power reading above zero is an indi-cation that the antenna, feedline or connectorsare damaged, corroded or improperly tuned.This creates standing waves which are reportedas a Standing Wave Ratio (SWR).The following table, which is based on a for-ward power of 5 watts (it may be scaled forlower power settings) gives guidelines to inter-preting these figures:Table 3: SWR / Rev PwrSWR Rev Pwr Significance1:1 0 ideal situation1.5:1 0.2 normal operation2:1 0.6 should be investi-gated3:1 orgreater 1.25 orgreater defective antenna,feedline or connec-tors.In the case that the values returned by the built-in diagnostics seem to indicate a problem, werecommend verification by means of proper ra-dio shop equipment.2.6.2.11 RX Quality IndicatorThis is the number of good received data trans-missions out of the last 15.The receive quality indicator value returned byany remote unit to the master station is an indi-cation of the reception quality on the outboundpath.If the master station is monitored, either from aremote station or by using a local GET STATS,users should note that the receive quality indi-cator thus returned is a composite value whichrepresents the average reception from the last 15remotes. Any significant drop in the receivequality indicator returned by the master stationis therefore likely to indicate a problem with themaster station receiver itself, rather than any oneremote station.2.7 Offline DiagnosticsOffline diagnostics are returned in response to aspecific request to a particular station. Requestsare issued using the Integra-T RDS, either lo-cally or remotely from another station. This maycause slight temporary network disruption.The diagnostic information available is similarto that available from online diagnostics withthe following additions:Demodulated signal voltage: peak-to-peakAnalog 1 input voltage: 0 – 10 V in tenthsAnalog 2 input voltage: 0 – 10 V in tenthsReverse power: tenth of watts rather than a goodor poor value.Note: Analog 1 and 2 have 8 bits of resolution.
120 40101-100 15 Integra T Technical Manual2.8 Low Power Operation To accommodate users who operate sites withlimited available power, the Integra-T offers thefollowing power saving features:1. Reduced transmit power2. Suspend mode3. Sleep mode2.8.1 Reduced Transmit Power The transmitter in the Integra-T is type approvedfor power levels less than 5 watts. Simply selectthe desired power setting using the Integra RSS.Reducing transmitter output power from 5 wattsto 1 watt will reduce maximum current con-sumption by approximately 0.5A to 1.0 A de-pending on radio model.2.8.2 Suspend ModeNote: as long as the RTS is asserted (on anyport) the unit will be kept awake. In Suspend mode, remote stations remain in lowpower consumption mode (nominal 7 mA),waking up periodically for about 100 ms tocheck the presence of a carrier. If a carrier is present, the unit will remain awakefor a period of time set by the Activity timeout. At the end of that time, if a carrier is present orif data has been decoded, the Activity timeout isrestarted. If there is no carrier or no data was decoded, theunit goes into low power consumption mode forthe duration of the Suspend period. The Suspend period can be set via the RSS toany value between 50 to 12000 ms in 50 mssteps. Setting a value of 0 disables the Suspendmode. The Activity timeout can be set via the RSS toany value between 1 and 255 seconds. The same Activity timout and Suspend periodvalues must be set for both master and re-mote stations. Master stations always remain awake. To makesure that suspended remotes have time to wakeup for outbound master data transmission, themaster unit will automatically extend its start-of-transmission synchronization time to slightlyexceed that of the remote stations’ Suspend pe-riod. This is done only for the first transmission. If the subsequent master transmissions beginwithin the Activity timeout setting, it will thenbegin with a normal start-of-transmission syn-chronization time. If the delay between master transmissions ismore than the Activity timeout, the next trans-mission will be extended.2.8.3 Sleep ModeIn this mode the unit is always in low powerconsumption (nominal 7 mA). Only assertingRTS on the COM or the SETUP ports can wake-up the unit. When the unit is sleeping, it cannotdetect the presence of a carrier. This mode canbe selected from the RSS.The unit will be ready to receive a carrier anddecode data within 45 to 65 ms (depending onradio model and temperature) after wake-up.2.8.4 Remote Unit Wake-up by DTEA Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) connected at anIntegra-T (configured as remote) can be awak-ened by raising either RTS inputs.DOX mode: either COM or SETUP ports RTScan be used for wake-up. Data from DTE cannotwake-up the unit.RTS mode: the SETUP port RTS can be usedfor wake-up without causing transmission.2.9 Transmitter Timeout The Integra-T is equipped with a 30 secondtransmitter timeout (Tx Timeout) designed toprotect both the Integra itself and the network incase a transmitter becomes “stuck” on the air. Should this happen with a remote station, themaster would be unable to hear some or all ofthe other remote stations (depending on relative
120 40101-100 16 Integra T Technical Manualsignal strength), seriously disrupting networkoperation. The Tx Timeout is fixed at 30 seconds, and maybe enabled or disabled using the Integra-T RSS.When active, the Tx Timeout disables thetransmitter. The timer can be reset by cyclingRTS off and back on again. In DOX mode thetimer will reset at the next break in the datastream that exceeds the value set for the DataForwarding Timer. In either case, a new trans-mission may begin immediately. If your application software may occasionallyoutput data for longer than 30 seconds, the TXTIMEOUT timer may be disabled. Warning:Transmissions longer than 30 seconds mayexceed the duty cycle rating of the transmit-ter and lead to shortened life or transmitterfailure.2.10 Optimizing Your System Detailed system engineering is beyond the scopeof this manual. However, there are some simpletips that can be used to optimize performance ofa radio based SCADA or telemetry system. Choose the best protocol. Some SCADA de-vices allow a choice of more than one operatingprotocol. In some cases, performance can beimproved by selecting a different protocol. Yoursales representative can advise you for manycommon types of equipment, or a simple trialand error process can be used to select the onethat performs best. Check timer settings. Polling protocols issue apoll, then wait a certain time for a response. TheIntegra-T adds a short amount of delay to eachpoll and response (typically in the order of 60 to70 ms). Timer settings that are too short maycause erroneous indication of missed polls, inwhich case the application may retry or continueto cycle, ignoring the missed station. In thiscase, the response may collide with the nextpoll, further increasing errors. Setting an ade-quate timer margin will avoid problems andmaximize performance. Avoid flow control. Set the COM port baud rateto a value less than or equal to the radio networkbaud rate (4800 or 9600 b/s). In a polling sys-tem, this will prevent buffer overflow with pos-sible missed transmissions. If the port baud ratemust be set higher than the radio network baudrate, you may have to limit message length toprevent possible buffer overflow. The Integra-Twill always exert a flow control signal (CTSdropped) if buffers are almost full, but not allDTE honor such signals. Use the highest suitable port baud rate, withoutexceeding the radio network baud rate. Operat-ing an RTU at 1200 b/s on a 9600 b/s networkwill increase data transmission delays and re-duce system performance. Evaluate the need for online diagnostics. Ena-bling online diagnostics increases delays by 5 to10 ms (depending on speed). In critical appli-cations, this extra delay can be eliminated bydisabling online diagnostics. Offline diagnostics(diagnostics on request) remain available.
120 40101-100 17 Integra T Technical Manual3. Adjustments andMaintenance3.1 OverviewThis chapter outlines the basic adjustment pro-cedures required upon initial installation andthereafter at prescribed maintenance intervals.Units are delivered from the factory properlyaligned and tested on the frequencies specifiedat time of order. Adjustment beyond that de-scribed in this chapter is not required unless ra-dio modules have been tampered with or re-paired. In such cases we recommend completefactory re-alignment as special test jigs are re-quired.3.2 Intended AudienceThis chapter is intended for use by installationand maintenance personnel.3.3 Equipment RequiredThe adjustments described below require thefollowing equipment:1. 13.3 VDC / 5A regulated power supply.2. Radio service monitor (IFR or equivalent).3. Cable with SMA connector to connect theIntegra-To the service monitor.4. Integra-T Radio Service Software (RSS) kit,p/n 085 03281-000.5. Extender cable for radio module, JDT p/n023 3472-007 (optional).6. A PC 486 or better to run the RSS.7. Normal radio shop tools including align-ment tools.3.4 Maintenance IntervalsThe adjustments described below should bedone once upon initial installation of the unit,and thereafter at annual intervals or whenever adeterioration in performance indicates that ad-justment may be required.3.5 Location of Adjustmentsand Test PointsThe following simplified board layout diagramsare provided for reference in locating adjust-ments.3.5.1 Logic Board, Top ViewFor trouble shooting aid, There is one test point,TP1 (demodulated audio signal) accessible onthe logic board. The same signal (scaled downby 2) is also available at pin 4 of thepower/analog connector (in which case RX-TPmode must be selected using the Integra RSS).P1U6P5COMP2SETUPF1P3L1U3U8P4Power /AnalogU9U4 U5U1TP1RXFigure 14 - Logic Board: Top View
120 40101-100 18 Integra T Technical Manual3.5.2 Logic Board, Bottom ViewThe RX test point is also accessible from thebottom of the logic board. This allows conven-ient access without requiring the radio extendercable.U17U21U13X1U14U15U16U18U12U20TP1RXFigure 15 - Logic Board: Bottom View3.5.3 Radio ModuleUnits are equipped with the DL-3412, DL-3422or DL-3492 radio module, shown below. Thesemodules are very similar in appearance.Connector toLogic boardAntennaTCXOFrequency adjustFigure 16 - radio module (UHF shown)3.6 Basic AdjustmentsRequiredBasic adjustments to be performed are:1. Transmitter power output2. Transmitter frequency3. Transmitter deviation4. Demodulated signal level5. Carrier Sense3.6.1 Preliminary StepsImportant Note: Before proceeding makesure that the service monitor has been cali-brated recently and has warmed up for atleast the time specified by its manufacturer.Some reported frequency and deviation prob-lems have actually been erroneous indicationsfrom service monitors that have not adequatelywarmed up. This is particularly likely whenfield service is done during winter months.1. Connect the Integra’s antenna connector tothe input of the service monitor using a suit-able length of 50 ohm cable. That inputshould be able to support at least 5 watts.2. Connect the Integra-T to a suitable powersupply and adjust the supply voltage to 13.3volts.3. Using a suitable 9 conductor straight RS-232 cable, connect the Integra’s Setup portto the RS-232 port of a PC and run the Inte-gra RSS program (INTRSS.exe) on the PC.4. Press GET to get the configuration from theunit.5. From the Radio Settings window set the fre-quency to be used for testing. Leave thiswindow open and on top.6. Follow the steps in the Table 4.
120 40101-100 19 Integra T Technical ManualTable 4: Tests and adjustmentsSTEP ACTION EXPECTEDRESULTS MEASUREWITH IF NOT?1Output PowerPress TX UnmodOutput power is5 W1 +10%, -20%Service monitor setto read power Adjust using the RSS Power Outsetting (255 is the maximum) or,Refer to factory tech support.2Frequency ErrorPress TX Unmod± 300 Hz Service monitor setto read frequency Adjust using the RSS Freq Warpsetting.If range is inadequate:1. open the unit (see 3.6.3)2. set Freq Warp to zero3. adjust the frequency Adjustcontrol on the radio TCXO.3DeviationPress TX tone±3.0 kHz ±0.2 Service monitor setto read deviationwith mid (15-30kHz) IF filter.Adjust using the RSS Deviationsetting if required.4 Set the service monitor to generate a -80 dBm signal on the selected receive frequency. The signal shouldbe modulated with a 1.0 kHz tone at ± 3 kHz deviation.6Demodulated AudioPress CHK2.0 Vpp ± 0.2 Bar graph in RadioSettings window. Adjust using RXA adjust setting ifrequired.712 dB SINADSet service monitor IFfilter to mid (15-30 kHz).≤ 0.5µV2Service monitor setfor SINAD.Connect to the testaudio pin 4 of thepower/analog con-nector (white lead).Refer to factory tech supportNote: in the RSS’ Analog con-nector window, Check the RX-TPbox.8DistortionSet service monitor IFfilter to mid (15-30 kHz).< 3% Service monitor setfor DISTORTION.Connect to the test-audio pin 4 of thedata I/O connector2Refer to factory tech support 1 (unless you have set a lower value). Note that readings less than 5 watts may be due to losses in the cables used for testing.Check also your wattmeter frequency calibration curve. Do not be too ready to condemn the transmitter.2 If a psophometrically weighted filter is available on the service monitor, use 0.35 µV.
120 40101-100 20 Integra T Technical Manual3.6.2 After Adjustments are DoneAdjustments made using the RSS are temporaryand must be made permanent as follows:1. After all adjustments are completed satis-factorily, press “PUT” to save the changespermanently to the unit (either local or re-mote).2. Press Station Reset to activate all configu-ration changes.3.6.3 Preparing the Unit for TCXOAdjustment1. Disconnect the power from the unit.2. Remove the retaining nuts from the COMand SETUP connectors, and the nut andwasher from the antenna connector.3. Remove the eight screws holding the rearpanel heat sink and the power/analog con-nector plate.4. Slide the unit out of the case from the rear.5. Remove the four screws from the logicboard support posts.6. Unplug the logic board.7. Re-connect the logic board to the radiomodule using the extender cable.8. Re-connect the power to the unit and restartthe RSS and see Table 4: Tests and adjust-ments.
120 40101-100 21 Integra T Technical Manual4. Circuit Description4.1 OverviewThis chapter describes the circuit operation of the logic board.4.2 Intended AudienceThis chapter is intended for use by engineering and service personnel.Figure 17 - Logic Board Block Diagram4.3 Circuit DescriptionRefer to Figure 17 when reading the followingsections.4.3.1 Microprocessor CircuitFor the microprocessor section, two Z84015CMOS low power Intelligent Peripheral Con-trollers are used. Each IPC is an 8-bit micro-processor integrated with CTC, SIO, PIO ClockGenerator Controller and Watch Dog Timer.One of the Z84015s (U18) is used in the normalmode. The other Z84015 (U20) is used in theevaluation mode and as such only the CTC, SIOand PIO section are used. The CPU section isdisabled.The first Z84015 Clock Generator uses a 19.6MHz crystal which provides a CPU clock rate of9.3 MHz for both Z84015s. The 9.3 MHz clockis further divided by 2 to feed all 8 CTC (4 ineach Z84015). The DATA lines, the 8 LSBADDRESS lines (A0 to A7) and 6 control linesare interconnected to each Z84015.U12ASICMODEMU18CPUU9A/D converterU20PERIPH-ERALU21ROMU19RAMtempsensU7U6CU6DQ8Q9U4AU14DATA BUSADDRESS BUSCONTROL BUSDiagnostic SignalsTX enableRX enableTX audioRX audio RX TPEXT SIG 1EXT SIG 2SETUP PORTCOM PORTLEDs19.6 MHzProgrammingRXDTXDCLOCKMODEM CONTROL
120 40101-100 22 Integra T Technical ManualThe 64K memory space of the Z84015 is di-vided into two blocks of 32k each. The lower32K is used for the firmware program and theupper 32K by the CMOS RAM (U19). Thememory IC used for the program is a CMOSFLASH (U21) with 1024 sectors of 128 byteseach. The two high memory address lines A15and A16 are controlled by the CPU in order toselect one of four banks of 32K to appear in thelower 32K of the CPU's address space.The dual Z84015 circuit provides up to 8 CTC,4 SIO (Serial I/O) and 32 PIO (Parallel In-put/Output) lines.The CPU also provides the modem clock.4.3.2 RS232The RS232 IC (U14) is used to interface theapplication DE-9 connector to the SIO_B sec-tion of U18, and the set-up DE-9 connector tothe SIO_A section of U20. When in sleep mode,two receivers remain enabled, this is needed forfast wakeup.4.3.3 ANALOG SECTIONThe modem section is used to interface the se-rial digital data to the transceiver.DGMSK (Differential Gaussian Minimum ShiftKeying) is used for 4800 b/s and 9600 b/s. A 7-bit hardware scrambler is used to minimize datapattern sensitivity.The modem ASIC (U12) converts TXD from theSIO_A (U18) to an analog waveform suitablefor RF transmission. U6C, a digital potenti-ometer, is used to adjust the modulation level ofthe transmitter.On the incoming side, the discriminator signal isset to 2 Vpp amplitude by U6D, then filtered.The 3-db cutoff frequency is automatically se-lected for 4800 b/s or 9600 b/s. The raw data isthen sent to the ASIC U12 for decoding and de-scrambling.The RXD and RXC signals from U12 are thenfed to SIO_A of U18 for packet processing bythe CPU (U18).4.3.4 Integra A/D and DIGIPOTAn 8 channel, 8-bit successive approximationA/D converter, type AD0838 (U9), is interfacedto CPU (U18) and Peripheral (U20).CH0 and CH1 are connected to the positive andnegative peak detector of the modem section.The software can thus read the positive or nega-tive value of an RX signal, or using the differ-ential mode, the actual peak-to-peak RX signalvalue.CH3 is used to measure the radio RSSI signalwhich was amplified by U8A.CH4 is connected to the radio diagnostic signal(P3-14). This pin is used to output an analogsignal corresponding to the power output andthe reflected signal.CH5 is connected to U7 (LM50), a temperaturesensor with a -40 to +125°C range.CH6 is used to read the SWB+ voltage afterproper scaling into the 0-5 V range.CH7 and CH8 are connected to EXT SIGNAL 1and 2. A 2:1 divider and protection circuit isinserted between both external signals and theA/D.The EXTERNAL SIGNAL 1 and 2 pins are alsoconnected to U20 at PB6 and PB7 through tran-sistors Q8 and Q9, and thus can be used forANALOG INPUT or DIGITAL OUTPUT(available on some Integra versions).EXT_SIGNAL2 is also connected to the rx testpoint RX-TP through U4A (74HC4066). Undersoftware control the RX-TP (scaled down by 2)is thus available on the power connector fortrouble-shooting purposes.A 4 channel digital potentiometer type AD8403(U6) is used to adjust the RX SIGNAL, TXMODULATION, CARRIER FREQUENCY andCARRIER DETECT THRESHOLD.
120 40101-100 23 Integra T Technical Manual4.3.5 Wake-Up CircuitThe wake-up circuit for the Integra consist basi-cally of a 50 ms monostable circuit which istriggered by the rising edge of a SLEEP signalfrom the CPU (U18). The falling edge of this 50ms pulse (end of pulse) is connected to the \NMIof the CPU and thus will wake up the CPU fromSLEEP mode after 50 ms.When exiting SLEEP mode on an \NMI, theCPU firmware will increment a counter, thenreturn to SLEEP until it reaches a limit set by asoftware parameter. When the programmedcount is reached the CPU will wake up the radioand the RS232 driver, program the synthesizer,and watch for channel activity.While in sleep mode (during the 50 ms pulse) anactive RTS from either communication port willreset (terminate) the 50 ms pulse so that its fal-ling edge will restart the CPU immediately.The CPU will check to see if either RTS signalis valid each time it is restarted by the \NMI.The firmware will only start the sleep timer afterchecking that all "wakeup" inputs are inactive.4.3.6 Power SupplyThe 13.3 volt DC power input is protected by a3 amp fuse and reverse protected by a diode. A5 volt, low voltage regulator is used to power alldigital and analog functions. Two transistors(Q3 and Q6) are used to control the +5V_SWvoltage in the sleep mode.
120 40101-100 24 Integra T Technical ManualSpecificationsGENERALVHF UHF 900 MHzFrequency (no duplexer) 132 - 174 MHz 403 - 512 MHz 928 - 960 MHzChannels One channel. Frequency may be set locally or remotely.Channel spacing 30 kHz 25 kHz 25 kHzOperating temperature -30°C to +60°CSupply voltage 10 - 16 VDC (nominal 13.3 VDC) Fuse protected input (internal surface mount 3A fuse: not field replaceable), Input is also protected against reverse voltage.RX Current drain at 13.3 VDC < 170 mA (with a terminal connected to Integra-T COM port)TX Current drain at 13.3 VDC <1.7 A < 1.9 A < 2.5 ALow power mode current drain 7 mA (nominal)Cold start14 sec (typical)Warm start RX245 to 60 msec (depending on radio model and temperature)Warm start TX355 to 70 msec (depending on radio model and temperature)TX turnon time415 ms typicalRX/TX bandwidth 18 MHz (132 - 150)24 MHz (150 - 174)16 MHz except20 MHz (450 - 470)32 MHzNominal Dimensions 4.5” W x 2.2” H x 4.75” D (11.4 x 5.6 x 12.1 cm)RECEIVERVHF UHF 900 MHzSensitivity 0.35 µV for 12 dB SINAD *Selectivity (25 or 30 kHz) 75 dB typical70 dB minimum72 dB typical65 dB minimumSelectivity (12.5 or 15 kHz) 65 dB typical60 dB minimum63 dB typical60 dB minimumIntermodulation 75 dB typical70 dB minimum72 dB typical70 dB minimumSpurious rejection 75 dB typical70 dB minimum75 dB typical70 dB minimumFM hum & noise -48 dB typical-45 dB max (30 kHz)-48 dB typical-45 dB max (25 kHz)-43 dB typical-40 dB max (25 kHz)Conducted spurious < -57 dBm* psophometrically weightedTRANSMITTERVHF UHF 900 MHzRF power output 1 to 5 watts, software adjustableSpurious and harmonics -63 dBc (-26 dBm) typ-57 dBc (-20 dBm) max-75 dBc (--38 dBm) typ-63 dBc (-26 dBm) max-75 dBc (-38 dBm) typ-57 dBc (-20 dBm) maxFrequency stability 2.5 PPM 1.5 PPM 1.5 PPMFM hum and noise -50 dB typical (30 kHz)-45 dB max (30 kHz)-50 dB typical (25 kHz)-45 dB max (25 kHz)-50 dB typical (25 kHz)-40 dB (max (25 kHz)Attack time < 7 msDuty cycle 50%, max TX time 30 seconds 1 Cold start: This is the time from when DC power is applied until the unit is fully ready to receive or transmit data.2 Warm start RX: In low power modes (sleep or suspend), this is the Integra-T wake-up time for full receiver recovery.3 Warm start TX: In low power modes (sleep or suspend), this is the Integra-T wake-up time for full transceiver operation.4 TX turnon time: This is the typical RX to TX switching time for stable transmission.
120 40101-100 25 Integra T Technical ManualMODEM / LOGICOperation Simplex/half duplexData rates 4800 b/s, 9600 b/sModulation type DGMSKRTS/CTS delay (RTS mode) 4 msAddressing 8 bit station address, 1 bit station type (master, remote)Bit error rate (BER) better than 1 x 10 -6 at 1.0 µV (based on “block error rate”)COM PORTInterface EIA RS-232CData rate 300 - 9600 b/sProtocol Transparent, 7 or 8 data bits, 1 or 2 stop bits, even, odd or no parityTransmit control RTS or DOX (data operated transmit)SETUP/DIAG PORTData format Proprietary binary for setup, ASCII for diagsData rate 9600 b/sANALOG INPUTSInterface Two inputs, 0 - 10 VDC, 8 bits. May be read only via Offline diagnostics.Absolute maximum input voltage < 20 Vdc. Inputs are reverse-voltage protected.DISPLAY4 two color status LEDs RUN/PWR, CS/SYN, RX/TX, RD/TDCONNECTORSRF SMA femaleCOM DE-9FSETUP/DIAG DE-9FPower / Analog Snap & lock 4-pin DC power jackDIAGNOSTICSOnline Short ID, temperature, B+ voltage, local RSSI, remote RSSI, fwd and rev power, RX qualityOffline As for Online plus: demodulated signal voltage, analog input levelsFCC / IC CERTIFICATIONSFCC IC (DOC)VHF EOTMCUA5 771295359(19K4F1D) (16K0F1D)UHF EOTMCUB5 771295358(19K4F1D) (16K0F1D)900 MHz pending pending.INDEX
120 40101-100 23 Integra T Technical ManualAaddressing ............................................................... 11adjustmentsequipment required............................................. 18opening the case.................................................. 21analog inputs ............................................................. 9Bbreak signals............................................................ 10Ccharacteristics............................................................ 1circuit description.................................................... 22COM portbaud rates............................................................ 10commands, remote .................................................... 3configuration............................................................. 1connections ............................................................... 4Ddiagnostics........................................................... 3, 10interpretation....................................................... 1215online.................................................................. 11online string format............................................. 12using an external program................................... 11DOX mode.............................................................. 10DTE connections....................................................... 7EESN......................................................................... 11Ffirmware upgrades..................................................... 3LLEDs......................................................................... 7Mmaster...................................................................... 11Ooptimizing performance .......................................... 17Ppoint to point............................................................. 4point–multipoint........................................................ 4power connector........................................................ 9power saving ........................................................... 16Rrange (distance)......................................................... 3remote ..................................................................... 11repeaters.................................................................... 5RS-232 port............................................................... 8RSSI........................................................................ 13RTS mode ............................................................... 10Ssetup port................................................................... 8short address............................................................ 11signal quality........................................................... 15sleep mode .............................................................. 16station type.............................................................. 11Ttail circuit .................................................................. 6

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