CalAmp Wireless Networks MCUC5 Integra 900 MHz Radio-Modem User Manual technical manual first released version

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Date Submitted	1998-10-02 00:00:00
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Document Title	technical manual first released version

Integra-T
Technical Manual
version 1.00
The entire contents of this manual and the Software described
in this manual are copyright 1998 by DATARADIO Inc.
Copyright DATARADIO Inc.
May 1998
part no.: 120 40101-100
Table of Contents
1.
PRODUCT OVERVIEW................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 INTENDED AUDIENCE ....................................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 GENERAL DESCRIPTION .................................................................................................................................... 1
1.2.1 Characteristics ........................................................................................................................................ 1
1.3 CONFIGURATION ............................................................................................................................................... 1
1.4 CATALOG NUMBERS ......................................................................................................................................... 2
1.5 FACTORY TECHNICAL SUPPORT ........................................................................................................................ 2
1.6 PRODUCT WARRANTY ...................................................................................................................................... 2
1.7 REPLACEMENT PARTS....................................................................................................................................... 2
1.7.1 Factory Repair ........................................................................................................................................ 2
1.8 PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION .................................................................................................................................... 3
1.9 DIAGNOSTICS .................................................................................................................................................... 3
1.9.1 Remote Commands.................................................................................................................................. 3
1.10
FIRMWARE UPGRADES ................................................................................................................................. 3
1.11
NETWORK APPLICATION ............................................................................................................................... 3
1.11.1
RF Path and Communications Range................................................................................................. 3
1.11.2
Basic Connections .............................................................................................................................. 4
1.11.3
Common Characteristics .................................................................................................................... 4
1.11.4
Point to Point System.......................................................................................................................... 4
1.11.5
Point–Multipoint System..................................................................................................................... 4
1.11.6
Repeaters ............................................................................................................................................ 5
1.11.6.1
1.11.6.2
1.11.7
2.
All Stations Use the Repeater..........................................................................................................................5
Some Stations Use the Repeater......................................................................................................................5
Extending a Landline (Tail Circuit).................................................................................................... 6
FEATURES AND OPERATION ...................................................................................................................... 7
2.1 OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................................................................ 7
2.2 INTENDED AUDIENCE ....................................................................................................................................... 7
2.3 FRONT PANEL ................................................................................................................................................... 7
2.3.1 Antenna Connector ................................................................................................................................. 7
2.3.2 LED Indicators........................................................................................................................................ 7
2.3.3 Connection to DTE.................................................................................................................................. 7
2.3.3.1
2.3.4
Connector Pinout.............................................................................................................................................8
Com Port ................................................................................................................................................. 8
2.3.4.1
3 Wire Connection (DOX) ..............................................................................................................................8
2.3.5 Setup Port................................................................................................................................................ 8
2.4 REAR PANEL ..................................................................................................................................................... 9
2.4.1 Heat Sink ................................................................................................................................................. 9
2.4.2 Power / Analog connector....................................................................................................................... 9
2.4.2.1
2.4.2.2
2.4.2.3
Power ..............................................................................................................................................................9
Power / Analog cable ......................................................................................................................................9
Analog inputs ..................................................................................................................................................9
2.5 OPERATION ..................................................................................................................................................... 10
2.5.1 Operating Modes................................................................................................................................... 10
2.5.2 Data Forwarding Timer ........................................................................................................................ 10
2.5.3 Sending Break Signals .......................................................................................................................... 10
2.5.4 COM Port Baud Rates .......................................................................................................................... 10
2.5.5 Diagnostics............................................................................................................................................ 10
2.5.6 Addressing............................................................................................................................................. 11
2.5.7 Station Type........................................................................................................................................... 11
2.6 ONLINE DIAGNOSTICS ..................................................................................................................................... 11
2.6.1 Using an External Program for Online Diagnostics............................................................................. 11
2.6.1.1
2.6.1.2
2.6.2
Initialization ..................................................................................................................................................12
Online Diagnostic String Format...................................................................................................................12
Interpreting Diagnostic Results ............................................................................................................ 12
2.6.2.1
2.6.2.2
2.6.2.3
2.6.2.4
2.6.2.5
2.6.2.6
2.6.2.7
2.6.2.8
2.6.2.9
2.6.2.10
2.6.2.11
Short ID.........................................................................................................................................................12
Temperature...................................................................................................................................................12
B+ Voltage ....................................................................................................................................................13
Remote RSSI .................................................................................................................................................13
Local RSSI ....................................................................................................................................................13
Interpreting RSSI Readings...........................................................................................................................13
Forward Power ..............................................................................................................................................13
Interpreting Power Readings .........................................................................................................................13
Reverse Power...............................................................................................................................................14
Reverse Power and SWR...............................................................................................................................14
RX Quality Indicator .....................................................................................................................................14
2.7 OFFLINE DIAGNOSTICS .................................................................................................................................... 14
2.8 LOW POWER OPERATION ................................................................................................................................ 15
2.8.1 Reduced Transmit Power ...................................................................................................................... 15
2.8.2 Suspend Mode ....................................................................................................................................... 15
2.8.3 Sleep Mode............................................................................................................................................ 15
2.8.4 Remote Unit Wake-up by DTE .............................................................................................................. 15
2.9 TRANSMITTER TIMEOUT ................................................................................................................................. 15
2.10
OPTIMIZING YOUR SYSTEM ........................................................................................................................ 16
3.
ADJUSTMENTS AND MAINTENANCE ..................................................................................................... 17
3.1 OVERVIEW ...................................................................................................................................................... 17
3.2 INTENDED AUDIENCE ..................................................................................................................................... 17
3.3 EQUIPMENT REQUIRED ................................................................................................................................... 17
3.4 MAINTENANCE INTERVALS ............................................................................................................................. 17
3.5 LOCATION OF ADJUSTMENTS AND TEST POINTS ............................................................................................. 17
3.5.1 Logic Board, Top View ......................................................................................................................... 17
3.5.2 Logic Board, Bottom View .................................................................................................................... 18
3.5.3 Radio Module........................................................................................................................................ 18
3.6 BASIC ADJUSTMENTS REQUIRED .................................................................................................................... 18
3.6.1 Preliminary Steps .................................................................................................................................. 18
3.6.2 After Adjustments are Done .................................................................................................................. 20
3.6.3 Preparing the Unit for TCXO Adjustment............................................................................................. 20
4.
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION .............................................................................................................................. 21
4.1 OVERVIEW ...................................................................................................................................................... 21
4.2 INTENDED AUDIENCE ..................................................................................................................................... 21
4.3 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION .................................................................................................................................... 21
4.3.1 Microprocessor Circuit ......................................................................................................................... 21
4.3.2 RS232 .................................................................................................................................................... 22
4.3.3 ANALOG SECTION .............................................................................................................................. 22
4.3.4 Integra A/D and DIGIPOT.................................................................................................................... 22
4.3.5 Wake-Up Circuit ................................................................................................................................... 23
4.3.6 Power Supply ........................................................................................................................................ 23
ii
TABLE 1: COM PORT SIGNALS ....................................................................................................................................... 8
TABLE 2: SETUP PORT SIGNALS ..................................................................................................................................... 8
TABLE 3: SWR / REV PWR .......................................................................................................................................... 14
TABLE 4: TESTS AND ADJUSTMENTS ............................................................................................................................ 19
FIGURE 1 - BASIC CONNECTIONS REQUIRED ................................................................................................................... 4
FIGURE 2 - POINT TO POINT SYSTEM ............................................................................................................................. 4
FIGURE 3 - POINT–MULTIPOINT SYSTEM ....................................................................................................................... 4
FIGURE 4 - REPEATER: ALL STATIONS ........................................................................................................................... 5
FIGURE 5 - REPEATER: SOME STATIONS ........................................................................................................................ 5
FIGURE 6 - TAIL CIRCUIT ............................................................................................................................................... 6
FIGURE 7 - DCE CROSSOVER CABLE ............................................................................................................................. 6
FIGURE 8 - INTEGRA FRONT PANEL ................................................................................................................................ 7
FIGURE 9 - COM CONNECTOR PIN LOCATIONS ............................................................................................................... 8
FIGURE 10 - 3 WIRE INTERFACE...................................................................................................................................... 8
FIGURE 11 - INTEGRA REAR PANEL ................................................................................................................................ 9
FIGURE 12 - POWER / ANALOG CONNECTOR.................................................................................................................. 9
FIGURE 13- POWER / ANALOG CABLE ............................................................................................................................ 9
FIGURE 14 - LOGIC BOARD: TOP VIEW ........................................................................................................................ 17
FIGURE 15 - LOGIC BOARD: BOTTOM VIEW................................................................................................................. 18
FIGURE 16 - RADIO MODULE (UHF SHOWN) ................................................................................................................ 18
FIGURE 17 - LOGIC BOARD BLOCK DIAGRAM .............................................................................................................. 21
iii
What's New in this Version
•
This is the first release version of the Integra-T technical manual.
iv
Definitions
The following terms are used throughout this document.
Bit dribble
COM Port
CTS
DCE
DOX
DTE
PLC
RDS
RRSS
RSS
RTS
RTS mode
RTU
SCADA
SETUP Port
Transparent
Extraneous bits delivered at the end of a data transmission. Equivalent to a
“squelch tail” in voice systems. The Integra-T does not have bit dribble.
The Communications Port of the Integra-T. This port is configured as DCE and
is designed to connect directly to DTE.
Clear to Send. An RS-232 output signal from the Integra-T indicating that it is
ready to accept data.
Data Communications Equipment. This designation is applied to equipment such
as modems. DCE is designed to connect to DTE.
Data Operated Transmit. A mode of operation in which the Integra-T begins a
transmission as soon as data is presented to the RS-232 port.
Data Terminal Equipment. This designation is applied to equipment such as terminals, PCs, RTUs, PLCs, etc. DTE is designed to connect to DCE.
Programmable Logic Controller. An intelligent device that can make decisions,
gather and report information, and control other devices.
Radio Diagnostic Software. This software allows local and remote diagnostics of
the Integra-T.
Remote Radio Setup Software.
Radio Service Software. This software allows configuration and testing of the
Integra-T.
Request to Send. RS-232 input signal to the Integra-T indicating that the DTE
has data to send. RTS may optionally be used as a transmit switch for the
Integra-T.
A mode of operation in which the Integra-T begins a transmission when RTS is
raised, and continues transmitting until RTS is dropped.
Remote Terminal Unit. A SCADA device used to gather information or control
other devices.
Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition. A general term referring to systems
that gather data and/or perform control operations.
The configuration / diagnostic port of the Integra-T. This port is designed to be
connected to a PC running the Integra RSS program.
A transparent unit transmits all data without regard to special characters, etc.
1. PRODUCT OVERVIEW
1.2.1
This document provides the information required for the installation, operation and maintenance of the DATARADIO Integra-T radiomodem.
The Integra-T has the following characteristics:
1.1
Intended Audience
This manual is intended for use by system designers, installers and maintenance technicians
1.2
General Description
The Integra-T is a high speed transparent
radiomodem designed specifically to fit the
needs of SCADA, telemetry and control
applications. The Integra-T provides the communication links among data equipment for
installations where wired communication is
impractical.
The Integra-T will work with most makes and
models of RTU, PLC and with their protocols
(usually polling) . Configuration settings allow
tailoring for a variety of applications.
Characteristics
1. One COM port for connection to DTE.
Speeds 300 - 9600 b/s.
2. One SETUP port, for configuration and
diagnostics.
3. Built-in 5 watt transceiver, operating in the
VHF, UHF or 900 MHz communications
bands. Half duplex or simplex operation.
4. Fully transparent operation with error-free
data delivery.
5. Allows transmission of “break” characters.
6. DOX (Data Operating Transmission) or
RTS mode.
7. Stations may be set as “master” or “remote”
to prevent remote stations from hearing each
other.
8. Full local and remote diagnostics
9. Two 8 bit analog inputs (0 - 10V).
10. Low power consumption modes: “sleep”
and “suspend” modes (nominal 7mA).
1.3
Configuration
1. Point to point Master–Slave or Peer to Peer
configurations in simplex or half duplex
modes.
2. Point to multipoint Master–Slave configuration in simplex or half duplex modes.
3. Point to point and point to multipoint installations that require a repeater.
4. Point to point PC–PC links for testing purposes.
Operating characteristics of the Integra-T are
configured by means of Integra Radio Service
Software (RSS - p/n 085 03281-000) available
from your sales representative. Also available is
the Integra Radio Diagnostic Software (RDS)
which permits both local and remote diagnostics
and the Remote Radio Service Software (RRSS)
which allow remote programming. The RSS,
RDS and RRSS programs are MSDOS based
and will run on any 486 or higher PC (2 Megabytes memory required).
Settings and connections for these configurations are given later in this manual.
The Integra-T requires the use of the RSS for
both configuration and adjustment.
The Integra-T supports:
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Integra T Technical Manual
1.4
Catalog Numbers
An Integra-T may be identified from its catalog
number.
Johnson Data Telemetry Corp.
Customer Service Department
299 Johnson Avenue, P.O. Box 1733
Waseca, MN 56093-0833
CATALOG NUMBERS
Format is INA [radio][band][channel spacing]0-T
radio
freq
power
band
22
VHF
5W
12
UHF
5W
132 - 150
150 - 174
380 - 403
403 - 419
419 - 435
435 - 451
450 - 470
464 - 480
480 - 496
496 - 512
channel spacing
30.0
phone: 800 992-7774 and
+1 507 835-6911
fax:
507 835-6969
Email address: support@johnsondata.com
92
900
5W
1.6
Warranty information may be obtained by contacting your sales representative.
928 - 960
25.0
1.7
Replacement Parts
This product is normally not field serviceable,
except by the replacement of complete units.
Specialized equipment and training is required
to repair logic boards and radio modules.
25.0
For example, an INA12530-T is an Integra-T, operating in
the 450-470 MHz band with 25 kHz channel spacing
1.5
Product Warranty
Factory Technical Support
The
Technical Support departments of
DATARADIO and Johnson Data Telemetry (JDT)
provide customer assistance on technical problems and serve as an interface with factory repair facilities. Technical support hours are 9:00
AM to 5:00 PM, Eastern Time, Monday to Friday. Technical support can be reached in the
following ways:
Contact Technical Support for service information before returning equipment. A Technical
Support representative may suggest a solution
eliminating the need to return equipment.
1.7.1
Factory Repair
When returning equipment for repair, you must
request an RMA (returned merchandise authorization) number. The Tech Support representative will ask you several questions to clearly
identify the problem. Please give the representative the name of a contact person who is familiar with the problem, in case questions arise
during servicing of the unit.
Customers are responsible for shipping charges
for returned units. Units in warranty will be repaired free of charge unless there is evidence of
abuse or damage beyond the terms of the warranty. Units out of warranty will be subject to
service charges. Information about these charges
is available from Technical Support.
DATARADIO Inc.
5500 Royalmount Ave, suite 200
Town of Mount Royal
Quebec, Canada H4P 1H7
phone: +1 514 737-0020
fax:
+1 514 737-7883
Email address: support@dataradio.com
120 40101-100
Integra T Technical Manual
1.8
Physical Description
1.10 Firmware Upgrades
The Integra-T consists of a logic PCB (which
includes the modem circuitry) and a separate
radio module. The two boards plug directly together and slide into the rails of an extruded
aluminum case. DTE connection is via a front
panel connector. Power is applied through a
connector, which also includes analog inputs, on
the rear panel. The unit is not hermetically
sealed and should be mounted in a suitable enclosure where dust and/or a corrosive atmosphere are anticipated. There are no external
switches or adjustments; operating parameters
are set using the RSS.
Integra firmware resides in flash EPROM and is
designed to allow field upgrades.
1.9
This section gives an overview of some common
configurations. Selection of “master” or “remote” as well as data delivery conditions is
done using the Integra RSS.
Diagnostics
The Integra-T has sophisticated built-in diagnostics which may be transmitted automatically
without interfering with normal network operation. In addition, commands to generate test
transmissions, etc., may be issued either locally
or remotely.
Diagnostic information takes one of two forms:
Online diagnostics. Information is automatically sent by each unit at the beginning
of every data transmission.
Offline diagnostics. Information is sent by a
specific unit in response to an inquiry made
locally or from another station.
Upgrades are done using a PC connected to the
Integra and do not require that the unit be
opened.
1.11 Network Application
The Integra-T is suited to a variety of network
applications. Its primary design goal was to satisfy the needs of SCADA systems using RTUs
or PLCs in either point to point or point–multipoint service.
1.11.1 RF Path and Communications
Range
The Integra-T is designed for use over distances
up to 30 miles (50 km) depending on terrain and
antenna system. To assure reliable communications, the RF (radio frequency) path between
stations should be studied by a competent professional, who will then determine what antennas are required, and whether or not a repeater is
needed.
Diagnostics are processed using the Integra-T’
RDS.
1.9.1
Remote Commands
The upcoming Integra RRSS will allow configuring most functions and adjustments remotely
via the radio network.
Sending remote commands and receiving responses is done with the host application offline.
120 40101-100
Integra T Technical Manual
1.11.2 Basic Connections
1.11.4 Point to Point System
The connections required (except power) are
shown below in Figure 1.
A simple point to point connection is shown
below:
While an RTU or PLC is shown in the diagram,
master stations often use a PC running an application designed to communicate with remote
RTUs or PLCs.
The Setup PC is used for both configuration and
local and remote diagnostics. It may be left connected at all times if desired, but is not required
for normal operation once the unit has been configured.
Integra DTE
DTE Integra
Figure 2 - Point to Point System
In such a system, the user’s equipment (DTE)
may be set up in either a peer–to-peer or a master slave configuration. The Integra-T’s may be
left in their default configuration, which is:
1. Both units set as “master”.
Antenna
2. Both units set to deliver “all” data transmissions.
Integra T
®
Two other configurations that would work
equally well are:
Integra
Setup PC
1. One unit set to “master”, the other to “remote”, delivery set to either “all” or “selective” data transmissions .
2. Both units set to “remote”, data delivery set
to “all”.
RTU or PLC
1.11.5 Point–Multipoint System
A basic point–multipoint system is shown
below:
Figure 1 - Basic connections required
1.11.3 Common Characteristics
The networks described below share a number
of common characteristics.
1. The network baud rate (4800 or 9600) must
be the same for all stations in a network.
remote
remote
master
2. Unless otherwise noted, the default settings
of station type is “master” and data delivery
is “all”.
3. Transmission of online diagnostics may be
enabled or disabled at any station or stations
without affecting their ability to communicate with other stations.
120 40101-100
remote
Figure 3 - Point–Multipoint System
If a half duplex radio network is used (i.e. two
frequencies with the master station transmitting
and receiving on the reverse pair from the remotes) the Integra-T’s may be left in their de-
Integra T Technical Manual
fault configuration (station type “master” and
data delivery “all”).
If a simplex radio network is used (i.e. a single
frequency for all stations) we recommend that
the master Integra-T be set to “master”, the remotes to “remote” and all units to “selective”
data delivery. This will prevent remote stations
from hearing each other’s responses. Use this
setting also if a full duplex repeater is used.
1.11.6.1
This may apply to point to point or point–multipoint networks.
Depending on the terrain and distances involved, two Integras may not be able to communicate directly over the desired path. In such
cases, a repeater station may be used between
the two Integras.
The
Integra-T is compatible with the
DATARADIO Full Duplex Repeater (FDR) which
is available in all frequency bands. The FDR
makes use of two frequencies, one for receiving
and one for transmitting. It uses data regeneration and will pass only data signals. Conventional voice repeaters cannot be used with the
Integra-T.
F1
The Integras must also be set for two frequencies (i.e. different transmit and receive frequencies). This is referred to as half duplex operation.
Authorization for two frequencies must be obtained from your regulatory authority. In any
network with an FDR, we recommend that the
master Integra-T be set to “master”, the remotes
to “remote” and all units to “selective” data delivery. This will prevent remote stations from
hearing each other’s responses.
120 40101-100
F2
FDR
tx = F2
rx = F1
tx = F1
rx = F2
Figure 4 - Repeater: All Stations
In such a network, all Integras will be set to
transmit on the same frequency (F1) and receive
on another frequency (F2). The repeater is set to
the opposite pair.
1.11.6.2
Some Stations Use the
Repeater
In a point–multipoint network, the repeater may
be called upon to serve only some of the remote
stations, while others will be in direct range of
the master.
We do not recommend “cascading” repeaters to
cover extended distances with the Integra-T.
Should such a need exist, contact your sales representaive.
Note that while the repeater itself is a full duplex unit, the network only allows data to flow
in one direction at a time. In other words it is a
full duplex repeater, not a full duplex network.
F1
F2
tx = F1
rx = F2
1.11.6 Repeaters
All Stations Use the Repeater
FDR
tx = F2
rx = F1
tx = F1
rx = F2
tx = F1
rx = F2
tx = F2
rx = F1
Figure 5 - Repeater: Some Stations
In this case, stations that communicate with the
master through the repeater will use the opposite
frequency pair to the repeater, while those that
communicate directly with the master will use
the same frequency pair as the repeater.
Integra T Technical Manual
1.11.7 Extending a Landline (Tail
Circuit)
DE-9M
An Integra-T may be used to extend a landline
circuit (giving access to difficult locations, etc.).
This type of connection is called a “tail circuit”
and is shown in Figure 6 below. The tail circuit
assembly may be used in any of the network
types described in the preceding sections.
DTE
line
modem
dedicated
line
line
modem
DE-9M
RTS
DCD
TXD
RXD
RXD
TXD
CTS
DTR
GND
GND
DCD
RTS
DTR
CTS
Integra T
Figure 7 - DCE Crossover Cable
DCE crossover
cable
Figure 6 - Tail Circuit
Note: The line modems should be full duplex
units.
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Integra T Technical Manual
2. Features and Operation
2.1
2.3.2
Overview
This chapter describes the connections,
indicators and operating characteristics of the
Integra-T.
LED Indicators
The Integra-T has four two-color LED indicators. Functions are shown in the following
table:
RUN/PWR
2.2
Intended Audience
This chapter is intended for system design and
installation personnel.
2.3
Front Panel
CPU or PROM failure *
flash
red
firmware error *
green
normal operation
flash
green
sleep mode (flashes during wakeup)
flash
setup mode, or loading
new application or new
bootloader
red &
green
ANT
®
RUN
CS RX
PWR
SYN TX TD
Integra
CS/SYN
RD
SETUP
COM
RX/TX
Figure 8 - Integra front panel
RD/TD
The various front panel elements are described
in the following sections.
2.3.1
red
Antenna Connector
(reserved)
RF carrier present
off
no RF carrier
red
transmitter is on
green
receiving network data
yellow
synthesizer unlocked
off
no TX, no RX
red
TX data incoming at RS232 port
green
RX data outgoing from
RS-232 port
off
no TXD, no RXD
* Contact technical support.
Antenna connector is a type SMA-female, 50
ohms.
Testing must be done with a 50 ohm dummy
load. Units operated with a “rubber duck” antenna connected directly to the antenna connector may exhibit unusual operating characteristics and high levels of reverse power.
120 40101-100
red
green
2.3.3
Connection to DTE
The Integra-T is configured as DCE. Most DTE
should be connected using a 9–conductor pin to
pin “straight” cable.
Some RTUs or PLCs may require a special cable to route the signals correctly. See the documentation for your data equipment for further
information.
Integra T Technical Manual
2.3.3.1
2.3.4.1
Connector Pinout
For reference, the DE-9 F pinout is shown below:
The Integra-T provides and expects normal
handshaking signals, such as CTS, DCD and
DSR, for DTE using such signals. However, it
can also be operated in DOX mode (Data Operating Transmission) with only Transmit Data,
Receive Data and Ground (“3 wire interface”).
DE-9M
RXD
TXD
GND
Figure 9 - COM connector pin locations
2.3.4
3 Wire Connection (DOX)
Com Port
Baud rates from 300 – 9600 are supported. Unless required by your operating protocol, we
advise restricting port speed to be equal to or
less than the RF network speed.
Figure 10 - 3 wire interface
Table 1: COM port signals
2.3.5
Setup Port
Pin
Name
Function
DCD
Output: Always asserted or asserted
when RX data available (selectable
via RSS)
The Setup port uses a DE-9 female connector
configured as DCE. Signals are described in the
following table.
RXD
Output: Data from Integra-To DTE
Table 2: Setup Port signals
TXD
Input: Data from DTE to Integra
DTR
Input: Ignored
GND
Signal and chassis ground
DSR
Output: always positive (asserted)
RTS
Input: Must be asserted for unit to
accept TX data.
CTS
Pin
Name
Function
DCD
Tied directly to DTR.
RXD
Data from Integra-To setup PC
TXD
Data from setup PC to Integra
DTR
Tied directly to DCD.
Will “wake up” a unit in sleep mode.
GND
Signal and chassis ground
Used as a “begin transmission” signal
in RTS mode.
DSR
Output; always positive (asserted)
RTS
Tied to CTS. Also monitored to “wake
up” unit from sleep mode.
CTS
Tied to RTS.
RI
not used
Output: Used for handshaking in both
DOX and RTS modes.
RTS mode: RTS/CTS delay is 4ms.
DOX mode: CTS always asserted,
except when data overflow is detected.
RI
Not connected
120 40101-100
The Setup port uses a proprietary communications protocol designed to work with the Integra RSS, RRSS and RDS programs and to
provide numeric diagnostic information.
Integra T Technical Manual
2.4
Rear Panel
2.4.2.2
Power / Analog cable
PIN 2
PIN 1
PIN 4
WHITE
Figure 11 - Integra rear panel
PIN 4
The various elements are described in the following sections.
PIN 3
Power / Analog connector
The 4 pin power / analog connector pinout is
shown below:
+13.3 VDC (1)
(red)
(2) GND
(black)
Analog in 1 (3)
(green)
(4) Analog in 2 /
RX-TP (white)
GROUND
RED
POWER
Figure 13- Power / Analog cable
2.4.2.3
Analog inputs
Two analog inputs are provided. Inputs are
scaled to 0–10 V and have a resolution of 8 bits
(1 part in 256). Inputs are referenced to chassis
ground.
The absolute maximum input voltage should be
no greater than 20 Vdc. These inputs are reverse-voltage protected.
The Integra-T allows the analog values to be
read, either locally or remotely, using the Offline Diagnostics function of the Integra RDS.
Figure 12 - Power / Analog Connector
2.4.2.1
SIGNAL1
BLACK
Heat Sink
The rear panel heat sink is essential for proper
operation of the Integra-T transmitter. The unit
must be mounted in a location that permits free
air circulation past the heat sink. Cooling will be
best if the fins are vertical.
2.4.2
SIGNAL2
GREEN
PIN 2
PIN 1
2.4.1
PIN 3
Power
Power requirements are 10 – 16 VDC VDC
(13.3 VDC nominal), at 2.5 A maximum. Applied voltage should be well filtered and protected against excessive transients.
Analog in 2 (pin 4) can be switched (using the
Integra RSS) to perform as the demodulated signal level test point (RX-TP) which is half of the
voltage read at the RSS bar graph.
If the analog inputs are not used, the green and
white wires should be cut back and/or taped to
prevent contact.
The Integra-T power input is fuse protected (internal surface mount 3A fuse: not field replaceable). It is also protected against reverse voltage.
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2.5
2.5.3
Operation
The Integra-T is designed for fully transparent
operation. This means that all binary values are
transmitted as data, with minimum time delays,
and without regard to their binary value.
“Break” signals can also be transmitted.
Unlike most transparent radiomodems the Integra-T eliminates “bit dribble” and allows DOX
operation. A CRC-16 error check is used so that
faulty data will not be delivered.
2.5.1
Operating Modes
The Integra-T has two operating modes, for its
COM port: (selectable via the RSS program)
DOX mode: The RS-232 port is monitored for
incoming data. Upon receipt of the first data
byte, the transmitter is turned on. The RTS
signal is ignored (note: RTS may still be
used as a wakeup signal for a unit that is
asleep).
RTS mode: The RTS signal is monitored for a
low–to–high transition. This transition
causes the Integra-T to turn on its transmitter. CTS is raised 4 ms later to accommodate DTE that requires a CTS transition before it can send data. The transmission will
continue until RTS is dropped, or until the
Tx Timeout (see section 2.8.4) expires.
CTS is used as a handshaking/flow control signal in both modes. If the Integra’s buffers fill,
CTS will be dropped as a signal to the DTE to
stop sending data. This condition is most likely
when the DATA port speed exceeds the radio
network speed. In such cases, adjust the DTE
baud rate so that the Integra-T buffers will not
fill.
2.5.2
Data Forwarding Timer
The data forwarding timer can modify the timing between data blocks in a transmission to
accommodate some RTU’s special timing requirements. Set to “normal” (15 ms) unless advised otherwise by technical support. Do not use
“fast” (5 ms) timer below 2400 b/s.
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Sending Break Signals
The Integra-T may be configured to send
“break” signals, as required by some SCADA
protocols. A break signal is generated by holding TXD in the zero state for longer than one
character time. Indication of a break signal is
carried in a special data transmission to the remote station, which in turn generates its own
output break signal.
At a port speed of 9600 b/s the output break signal has a duration of 10 to 20 ms, regardless of
the duration of the input break signal. These
times are scaled proportionally for other baud
rates. The Integra-T may also be set to ignore
“break” signals in order to prevent spurious
transmissions when terminal equipment is powered on and off.
2.5.4
COM Port Baud Rates
The COM port operates at standard baud rates
from 300 – 9600 b/s. Baud rate is set using the
Integra-T RSS and is independent of the network baud rate setting. However, with COM
port set to 300 bauds, the network speed should
not be set higher than 4800 b/s.
We recommend that the COM port baud rate
be set to a speed not greater than the RF
network baud rate. Setting a COM port baud
rate higher than the network rate may result in
data buffers filling, which in turn may cause the
Integra-T to drop CTS. This could have detrimental effects on some protocols, particularly
those that ignore CTS.
The COM port will support 7 or 8 data bits, one
or two stop bits, and even, odd or no parity. Selection is made via Integra-T RSS. These parameters may be set differently on various Integra-T units without affecting their ability to
communicate with each other.
2.5.5
Diagnostics
Online diagnostics may be included as part of an
extended header at the beginning of each transmission. It may be enabled or disabled on a perunit basis without affecting inter–commun-
Integra T Technical Manual
ication. Reception of online diagnostics is always enabled.
Enabling this option adds about 5 ms delay (10
ms at 4800 b/s) to each transmission, but has no
other effect on network operation.
Online diagnostics for all audible stations is delivered out at the SETUP Port. An ASCII diagnostic output is also available. Diagnostic information is normally collected at the master
station.
Offline diagnostics are sent upon receipt of a
command from the Integra-T RDS, normally
when the host application is stopped or taken
offline. Since diagnostics transmission are not
under the control of the SCADA protocol , temporary network disruption will occur if both are
attempted simultaneously.
2.5.6
Addressing
Each Integra-T is associated with three identification numbers (addresses):
ESN: The Electronic Serial Number is uniquely
assigned to an Integra at time of manufacture
and cannot be changed. It is identical to the
serial number printed on the label of the unit.
The Integra-T uses this number for identification only; it does not form part of the on–
air protocol. The ESN of a remote unit may be
viewed with the RDS by doing a Remote GET.
Short ID: The short ID is used to identify the
Integra-T for purposes of diagnostics (both
online and offline), remote configuration and
commands. The default value of the short ID
(set at factory) is calculated from the ESN.
This value may be changed via the Integra
RSS. It is important that all stations within a
communicating group have unique short IDs.
Station Type: This is a 1 bit value used to identify the station as a master or remote. This address is used only by the COM port.
2.5.7
tocols are designed with the assumption that
remote stations can not hear the responses to
polls made by other remote stations.
To allow operation with such protocols in simplex networks, the Integra-T has a simple addressing scheme. Stations may be designated as
master or remote. This sets a flag in the header
identifying the type of the originating station.
On the receive side, Integra-T stations can be set
to accept all data, or accept data only if it originates from a station of the opposite type (selective). This choice is made by setting Data
Delivery to selective or all using the RSS.
2.6
Online Diagnostics
Online diagnostics, if enabled, are included with
every data transmission. Online diagnostics do
not interfere with normal network operation.
The following information is gathered and delivered via the Setup port:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Unit’s “short ID”
Inside case temperature: degrees C
Supply voltage (B+): tenths of a volt
Local received signal strength: dBm
Remote received signal strength: dBm
Forward power: tenths of a watt
Reverse power: good / poor
Receive quality: based on last 15 data
blocks received.
2.6.1
Using an External Program
for Online Diagnostics
The SETUP port communicates with the RDS
using a proprietary protocol which is not documented in this manual. However, if a terminal,
or a PC running terminal software, is connected
to the SETUP port, online diagnostic information will be delivered in plain ASCII form.
For the purposes of the following discussion we
will refer to the proprietary data format as
RSS/RDS mode.
Station Type
On a simplex Integra-T network, all remote stations can hear the master, and many remote stations can hear each other. Certain SCADA pro-
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Integra T Technical Manual
2.6.1.1
Initialization
Rev power
When the Integra-T is powered on, it will attempt to establish a link with the RSS/RDS and
select its output mode as follows:
0 = good
1 = poor
Number of good data
blocks received in the
last 15.
Number of total data
blocks detected, maximum 15.
RX quality
1. If RTS is not exerted on the setup port, the
Integra-T will immediately switch to ASCII
mode.
Note: A data block is about 26 bytes long.
2. If RTS is exerted on the setup port, the Integra-T will send an initialization message in
RSS/RDS mode and wait for the proper response form the RSS or RDS.
A typical diagnostic string, with its interpretation, is shown below:
3. If there is no response, the Integra-T will
switch to ASCII mode.
Remote station # 3 reports that:
The cleanest interface for a user program exists
if the program initializes the PC serial port with
RTS false. This will disable the RSS/RDS mode
and only ASCII data will be output from the
port.
2.6.1.2
Online Diagnostic String
Format
In ASCII output mode the setup port will output
a one line diagnostic string each time the unit
receives a transmission from another unit. No
other data will be output. The string consists of
a number of comma–delimited fields terminated
by a carriage return. Each field is a constant
length (with leading zeros if required), regardless of the value contained in the field, but the
fields are not all the same length.
The field definitions are shown in the table below.
0003, +28, 13.1, -093, -088, 4.7, 1, 015, 015
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
its internal case temperature is +28°C,
supply voltage is 13.1 VDC,
it is receiving a signal of -93 dBm from the
master,
the master is receiving a signal of -88 dBm
from station 003,
the forward power is 4.7 watts,
the reflected power is OK,
15 of the last 15 data blocks were received
correctly.
2.6.2
Interpreting Diagnostic
Results
Interpretation of the diagnostic results is similar
for both online and offline diagnostics. Where
differences exist, they will be noted in the text.
For simplicity, we continue to assume that diagnostics are being collected at the master station.
2.6.2.1
Short ID
Short ID
1 – 254
Temperature
Signed value in °C
Online diagnostic data is identified by the Short
ID of the unit. Users should make sure that all
units in a communicating group have unique
Short IDs.
B+
Tenths of a volt from 6.0
to 18.8V
2.6.2.2
Name
Length
Description
Remote RSSI
Signal strength received
by remote station
Local RSSI
Signal strength for this
remote as received by
local station
FWD power
Tenths of a watt.
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Temperature
Internal case temperature of sending unit. This
is a 3 digit signed value in degrees C. This value
should remain within the limits of -30ºC to
+60ºC.
Integra T Technical Manual
2.6.2.3
B+ Voltage
Current value of supply voltage. This is a 4 digit
signed value in volts, e.g. a value of 13.3 indicates 13.3 VDC. This value should remain
within the limits of 10-16 VDC.
2.6.2.4
-90 dBm. Approximately 90% reliability. Fading will cause occasional data loss.
-80 dBm. Approximately 99% reliability. Reasonable tolerance to most fading.
-70 dBm. Approximately 99.9% reliability with
high tolerance to fading.
Remote RSSI
Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) for
the last data reception prior to this transmission.
This is the strength of the signal from the master
station as received by this remote. This is a 4
digit signed value in dBm, for example a value
of -090 indicates a signal strength of -90 dBm.
If RSSI values drops seasonally, the most likely
cause is tree foliage, which can interfere with
radio transmissions during the spring and summer.
The remote RSSI indicates the received signal
strength for the last data transmission received
before transmission of the online diagnostics
report.
Approximate measure of transmit power. This is
a 4 digit value in watts rounded to the nearest
tenth. Note that this is an approximate value
that should be used for trend monitoring
only. It does not compare in accuracy with values obtained by a standard wattmeter.
2.6.2.5
Local RSSI
RSSI for the current transmission. This is the
strength of the last data reception from the remote station as received by the master. Conditions described in the Remote RSSI section apply.
2.6.2.6
Interpreting RSSI Readings
Typical values of RSSI will be in the range of
-110 dBm to -60 dBm, with higher values (i.e.
less negative values) indicating a stronger signal.
Reliability of data reception depends largely on
signal strength. Good design practice calls for a
minimum 30 dB “fade margin”, based on a
threshold reception level of -107 dBm (1 uV) at
speed of 9600 b/s. Experience indicates that this
will give about 99.5% reliability.
Some representative performance values for
9600 b/s operation are given below. These values assume that the units are correctly aligned
and installed in a quiet location. Environments
with high electrical or RF noise levels will require an increase in the numbers shown to
achieve a given level of reliability.
-100 dBm. Approximately 50% reliability.
Fading may cause frequent data loss.
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13
2.6.2.7
2.6.2.8
Forward Power
Interpreting Power Readings
The values returned are approximate and should
not be regarded as an absolute indicator of performance. For example, a unit that shows a forward power of 4.5 watts may actually measure
at 5.0 watts on a lab quality wattmeter. For this
reason, these values should not be used to indicate that a unit is out of spec or to compare one
unit to another.
However, the values returned are consistent
over time for any given unit. If statistics are kept
on a unit per unit basis, changes in forward or
reflected power are significant.
Therefore the following conditions are worthy
of investigation.
1. Forward power output drops or rises by
more than 10% from its established value.
Reflected power remains low.
This indicates that the transmitter may need
alignment or that a component may be in
need of replacement.
2. Forward power output drops by more than
10% from its established value. Reflected
power shows an increase.
Integra T Technical Manual
This indicates a possible antenna or feedline
problem which affects SWR (Standing
Wave Ratio).
2.6.2.9
In the case that the values returned by the builtin diagnostics seem to indicate a problem, we
recommend verification by means of proper radio shop equipment.
Reverse Power
Approximate measure of reverse (reflected)
power. The value is returned differently for online and offline diagnostics:
2.6.2.11
Online: The value returned is 0 if reverse power
is within acceptable limits, 1 if reverse
power is too high. The threshold is set to
approximately 1/4 of the forward power
value.
The receive quality indicator value returned by
any remote unit to the master station is an indication of the reception quality on the outbound
path.
Offline: Value is in watts to the nearest tenth.
This value is intended as an indication of
antenna problems and will normally be used
for trend monitoring. Ideally it should close
to be zero, but values up to about 15% of
Forward Power may be encountered in
properly operating systems.
2.6.2.10
Reverse Power and SWR
A reverse power reading above zero is an indication that the antenna, feedline or connectors
are damaged, corroded or improperly tuned.
This creates standing waves which are reported
as a Standing Wave Ratio (SWR).
The following table, which is based on a forward power of 5 watts (it may be scaled for
lower power settings) gives guidelines to interpreting these figures:
Table 3: SWR / Rev Pwr
SWR
Rev Pwr
Significance
1:1
ideal situation
1.5:1
0.2
normal operation
2:1
0.6
should be investigated
3:1 or
greater
1.25 or
greater
120 40101-100
RX Quality Indicator
This is the number of good received data transmissions out of the last 15.
If the master station is monitored, either from a
remote station or by using a local GET STATS,
users should note that the receive quality indicator thus returned is a composite value which
represents the average reception from the last 15
remotes. Any significant drop in the receive
quality indicator returned by the master station
is therefore likely to indicate a problem with the
master station receiver itself, rather than any one
remote station.
2.7
Offline Diagnostics
Offline diagnostics are returned in response to a
specific request to a particular station. Requests
are issued using the Integra-T RDS, either locally or remotely from another station. This may
cause slight temporary network disruption.
The diagnostic information available is similar
to that available from online diagnostics with
the following additions:
Demodulated signal voltage: peak-to-peak
Analog 1 input voltage: 0 – 10 V in tenths
Analog 2 input voltage: 0 – 10 V in tenths
Reverse power: tenth of watts rather than a good
or poor value.
Note: Analog 1 and 2 have 8 bits of resolution.
defective antenna,
feedline or connectors.
14
Integra T Technical Manual
2.8
Low Power Operation
To accommodate users who operate sites with
limited available power, the Integra-T offers the
following power saving features:
1. Reduced transmit power
2. Suspend mode
3. Sleep mode
2.8.1
Reduced Transmit Power
The transmitter in the Integra-T is type approved
for power levels less than 5 watts. Simply select
the desired power setting using the Integra RSS.
Reducing transmitter output power from 5 watts
to 1 watt will reduce maximum current consumption by approximately 0.5A to 1.0 A depending on radio model.
2.8.2
Suspend Mode
Note: as long as the RTS is asserted (on any
port) the unit will be kept awake.
In Suspend mode, remote stations remain in low
power consumption mode (nominal 7 mA),
waking up periodically for about 100 ms to
check the presence of a carrier.
If a carrier is present, the unit will remain awake
for a period of time set by the Activity timeout.
At the end of that time, if a carrier is present or
if data has been decoded, the Activity timeout is
restarted.
If there is no carrier or no data was decoded, the
unit goes into low power consumption mode for
the duration of the Suspend period.
The Suspend period can be set via the RSS to
any value between 50 to 12000 ms in 50 ms
steps. Setting a value of 0 disables the Suspend
mode.
The Activity timeout can be set via the RSS to
any value between 1 and 255 seconds.
The same Activity timout and Suspend period
values must be set for both master and remote stations.
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15
Master stations always remain awake. To make
sure that suspended remotes have time to wake
up for outbound master data transmission, the
master unit will automatically extend its startof-transmission synchronization time to slightly
exceed that of the remote stations’ Suspend period. This is done only for the first transmission.
If the subsequent master transmissions begin
within the Activity timeout setting, it will then
begin with a normal start-of-transmission synchronization time.
If the delay between master transmissions is
more than the Activity timeout, the next transmission will be extended.
2.8.3
Sleep Mode
In this mode the unit is always in low power
consumption (nominal 7 mA). Only asserting
RTS on the COM or the SETUP ports can wakeup the unit. When the unit is sleeping, it cannot
detect the presence of a carrier. This mode can
be selected from the RSS.
The unit will be ready to receive a carrier and
decode data within 45 to 65 ms (depending on
radio model and temperature) after wake-up.
2.8.4
Remote Unit Wake-up by DTE
A Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) connected at an
Integra-T (configured as remote) can be awakened by raising either RTS inputs.
DOX mode: either COM or SETUP ports RTS
can be used for wake-up. Data from DTE cannot
wake-up the unit.
RTS mode: the SETUP port RTS can be used
for wake-up without causing transmission.
2.9
Transmitter Timeout
The Integra-T is equipped with a 30 second
transmitter timeout (Tx Timeout) designed to
protect both the Integra itself and the network in
case a transmitter becomes “stuck” on the air.
Should this happen with a remote station, the
master would be unable to hear some or all of
the other remote stations (depending on relative
Integra T Technical Manual
signal strength), seriously disrupting network
operation.
The Tx Timeout is fixed at 30 seconds, and may
be enabled or disabled using the Integra-T RSS.
When active, the Tx Timeout disables the
transmitter. The timer can be reset by cycling
RTS off and back on again. In DOX mode the
timer will reset at the next break in the data
stream that exceeds the value set for the Data
Forwarding Timer. In either case, a new transmission may begin immediately.
If your application software may occasionally
output data for longer than 30 seconds, the TX
TIMEOUT timer may be disabled. Warning:
Transmissions longer than 30 seconds may
exceed the duty cycle rating of the transmitter and lead to shortened life or transmitter
failure.
2.10 Optimizing Your System
Detailed system engineering is beyond the scope
of this manual. However, there are some simple
tips that can be used to optimize performance of
a radio based SCADA or telemetry system.
Choose the best protocol. Some SCADA devices allow a choice of more than one operating
protocol. In some cases, performance can be
improved by selecting a different protocol. Your
sales representative can advise you for many
common types of equipment, or a simple trial
and error process can be used to select the one
that performs best.
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16
Check timer settings. Polling protocols issue a
poll, then wait a certain time for a response. The
Integra-T adds a short amount of delay to each
poll and response (typically in the order of 60 to
70 ms). Timer settings that are too short may
cause erroneous indication of missed polls, in
which case the application may retry or continue
to cycle, ignoring the missed station. In this
case, the response may collide with the next
poll, further increasing errors. Setting an adequate timer margin will avoid problems and
maximize performance.
Avoid flow control. Set the COM port baud rate
to a value less than or equal to the radio network
baud rate (4800 or 9600 b/s). In a polling system, this will prevent buffer overflow with possible missed transmissions. If the port baud rate
must be set higher than the radio network baud
rate, you may have to limit message length to
prevent possible buffer overflow. The Integra-T
will always exert a flow control signal (CTS
dropped) if buffers are almost full, but not all
DTE honor such signals.
Use the highest suitable port baud rate, without
exceeding the radio network baud rate. Operating an RTU at 1200 b/s on a 9600 b/s network
will increase data transmission delays and reduce system performance.
Evaluate the need for online diagnostics. Enabling online diagnostics increases delays by 5 to
10 ms (depending on speed). In critical applications, this extra delay can be eliminated by
disabling online diagnostics. Offline diagnostics
(diagnostics on request) remain available.
Integra T Technical Manual
3. Adjustments and
Maintenance
3.1
Overview
3.4
This chapter outlines the basic adjustment procedures required upon initial installation and
thereafter at prescribed maintenance intervals.
Units are delivered from the factory properly
aligned and tested on the frequencies specified
at time of order. Adjustment beyond that described in this chapter is not required unless radio modules have been tampered with or repaired. In such cases we recommend complete
factory re-alignment as special test jigs are required.
3.2
The adjustments described below should be
done once upon initial installation of the unit,
and thereafter at annual intervals or whenever a
deterioration in performance indicates that adjustment may be required.
3.5
Location of Adjustments
and Test Points
The following simplified board layout diagrams
are provided for reference in locating adjustments.
Intended Audience
This chapter is intended for use by installation
and maintenance personnel.
3.3
Maintenance Intervals
Equipment Required
The adjustments described below require the
following equipment:
1. 13.3 VDC / 5A regulated power supply.
2. Radio service monitor (IFR or equivalent).
3. Cable with SMA connector to connect the
Integra-To the service monitor.
4. Integra-T Radio Service Software (RSS) kit,
p/n 085 03281-000.
5. Extender cable for radio module, JDT p/n
023 3472-007 (optional).
6. A PC 486 or better to run the RSS.
7. Normal radio shop tools including alignment tools.
3.5.1
Logic Board, Top View
For trouble shooting aid, There is one test point,
TP1 (demodulated audio signal) accessible on
the logic board. The same signal (scaled down
by 2) is also available at pin 4 of the
power/analog connector (in which case RX-TP
mode must be selected using the Integra RSS).
P4
Power /
Analog
P1
U4
U5
F1
U9
U1
L1
U6
P3
TP1
RX
U8
U3
P2
SETUP
P5
COM
Figure 14 - Logic Board: Top View
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Integra T Technical Manual
3.5.2
3.6
Logic Board, Bottom View
The RX test point is also accessible from the
bottom of the logic board. This allows convenient access without requiring the radio extender
cable.
X1
U12
U18
U13
TP1
RX
Figure 15 - Logic Board: Bottom View
Radio Module
Units are equipped with the DL-3412, DL-3422
or DL-3492 radio module, shown below. These
modules are very similar in appearance.
Frequency adjust
Connector to
Logic board
Antenna
Preliminary Steps
1. Connect the Integra’s antenna connector to
the input of the service monitor using a suitable length of 50 ohm cable. That input
should be able to support at least 5 watts.
2. Connect the Integra-T to a suitable power
supply and adjust the supply voltage to 13.3
volts.
3. Using a suitable 9 conductor straight RS232 cable, connect the Integra’s Setup port
to the RS-232 port of a PC and run the Integra RSS program (INTRSS.exe) on the PC.
4. Press GET to get the configuration from the
unit.
5. From the Radio Settings window set the frequency to be used for testing. Leave this
window open and on top.
6. Follow the steps in the Table 4.
Figure 16 - radio module (UHF shown)
120 40101-100
Transmitter power output
Transmitter frequency
Transmitter deviation
Demodulated signal level
Carrier Sense
Important Note: Before proceeding make
sure that the service monitor has been calibrated recently and has warmed up for at
least the time specified by its manufacturer.
Some reported frequency and deviation problems have actually been erroneous indications
from service monitors that have not adequately
warmed up. This is particularly likely when
field service is done during winter months.
U21
U17
TCXO
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
3.6.1
U14
3.5.3
Basic adjustments to be performed are:
U20
U15
U16
Basic Adjustments
Required
18
Integra T Technical Manual
Table 4: Tests and adjustments
STEP
ACTION
Output Power
Press TX Unmod
EXPECTED
RESULTS
Output power is
5 W1 +10%, -20%
MEASURE
WITH
Service monitor set
to read power
IF NOT?
Adjust using the RSS Power Out
setting (255 is the maximum) or,
Refer to factory tech support.
Frequency Error
± 300 Hz
Service monitor set
to read frequency
Press TX Unmod
Adjust using the RSS Freq Warp
setting.
If range is inadequate:
1. open the unit (see 3.6.3)
2. set Freq Warp to zero
3. adjust the frequency Adjust
control on the radio TCXO.
Deviation
±3.0 kHz ±0.2
Press TX tone
Set the service monitor to generate a -80 dBm signal on the selected receive frequency. The signal should
be modulated with a 1.0 kHz tone at ± 3 kHz deviation.
Demodulated Audio
2.0 Vpp ± 0.2
Bar graph in Radio
Settings window.
Adjust using RXA adjust setting if
required.
12 dB SINAD
Set service monitor IF
filter to mid (15-30 kHz).
≤ 0.5µV2
Service monitor set
for SINAD.
Connect to the test
audio pin 4 of the
power/analog connector (white lead).
Refer to factory tech support
Distortion
< 3%
Service monitor set
for DISTORTION.
Connect to the testaudio pin 4 of the
data I/O connector2
Refer to factory tech support
Set service monitor IF
filter to mid (15-30 kHz).
Adjust using the RSS Deviation
setting if required.
Press CHK
Service monitor set
to read deviation
with mid (15-30
kHz) IF filter.
Note: in the RSS’ Analog connector window, Check the RX-TP
box.
(unless you have set a lower value). Note that readings less than 5 watts may be due to losses in the cables used for testing.
Check also your wattmeter frequency calibration curve. Do not be too ready to condemn the transmitter.
If a psophometrically weighted filter is available on the service monitor, use 0.35 µV.
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Integra T Technical Manual
3.6.2
After Adjustments are Done
3.6.3
Adjustments made using the RSS are temporary
and must be made permanent as follows:
1. After all adjustments are completed satisfactorily, press “PUT” to save the changes
permanently to the unit (either local or remote).
2. Press Station Reset to activate all configuration changes.
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Preparing the Unit for TCXO
Adjustment
1. Disconnect the power from the unit.
2. Remove the retaining nuts from the COM
and SETUP connectors, and the nut and
washer from the antenna connector.
3. Remove the eight screws holding the rear
panel heat sink and the power/analog connector plate.
4. Slide the unit out of the case from the rear.
5. Remove the four screws from the logic
board support posts.
6. Unplug the logic board.
7. Re-connect the logic board to the radio
module using the extender cable.
8. Re-connect the power to the unit and restart
the RSS and see Table 4: Tests and adjustments.
Integra T Technical Manual
4. Circuit Description
4.1
Overview
This chapter describes the circuit operation of the logic board.
4.2
Intended Audience
This chapter is intended for use by engineering and service personnel.
DATA BUS
ADDRESS BUS
19.6 MHz
TX enable
RX enable
U21
ROM
Programming
LEDs
U18
CPU
U6C
TX audio
U12
ASIC
MODEM
RX audio
U20
PERIPHERAL
RX TP
U14
TXD
SETUP PORT
U19
RAM
RXD
COM PORT
U6D
CONTROL BUS
CLOCK
MODEM CONTROL
Q9
Q8
U4A
U9
A/D converter
Diagnostic Signals
EXT SIG 1
EXT SIG 2
U7
temp
sens
Figure 17 - Logic Board Block Diagram
4.3
Circuit Description
Refer to Figure 17 when reading the following
sections.
4.3.1
Microprocessor Circuit
For the microprocessor section, two Z84015
CMOS low power Intelligent Peripheral Controllers are used. Each IPC is an 8-bit microprocessor integrated with CTC, SIO, PIO Clock
Generator Controller and Watch Dog Timer.
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One of the Z84015s (U18) is used in the normal
mode. The other Z84015 (U20) is used in the
evaluation mode and as such only the CTC, SIO
and PIO section are used. The CPU section is
disabled.
The first Z84015 Clock Generator uses a 19.6
MHz crystal which provides a CPU clock rate of
9.3 MHz for both Z84015s. The 9.3 MHz clock
is further divided by 2 to feed all 8 CTC (4 in
each Z84015). The DATA lines, the 8 LSB
ADDRESS lines (A0 to A7) and 6 control lines
are interconnected to each Z84015.
Integra T Technical Manual
The 64K memory space of the Z84015 is divided into two blocks of 32k each. The lower
32K is used for the firmware program and the
upper 32K by the CMOS RAM (U19). The
memory IC used for the program is a CMOS
FLASH (U21) with 1024 sectors of 128 bytes
each. The two high memory address lines A15
and A16 are controlled by the CPU in order to
select one of four banks of 32K to appear in the
lower 32K of the CPU's address space.
The dual Z84015 circuit provides up to 8 CTC,
4 SIO (Serial I/O) and 32 PIO (Parallel Input/Output) lines.
The CPU also provides the modem clock.
4.3.2
RS232
The RS232 IC (U14) is used to interface the
application DE-9 connector to the SIO_B section of U18, and the set-up DE-9 connector to
the SIO_A section of U20. When in sleep mode,
two receivers remain enabled, this is needed for
fast wakeup.
4.3.3
ANALOG SECTION
The modem section is used to interface the serial digital data to the transceiver.
DGMSK (Differential Gaussian Minimum Shift
Keying) is used for 4800 b/s and 9600 b/s. A 7bit hardware scrambler is used to minimize data
pattern sensitivity.
The modem ASIC (U12) converts TXD from the
SIO_A (U18) to an analog waveform suitable
for RF transmission. U6C, a digital potentiometer, is used to adjust the modulation level of
the transmitter.
On the incoming side, the discriminator signal is
set to 2 Vpp amplitude by U6D, then filtered.
The 3-db cutoff frequency is automatically selected for 4800 b/s or 9600 b/s. The raw data is
then sent to the ASIC U12 for decoding and descrambling.
4.3.4
Integra A/D and DIGIPOT
An 8 channel, 8-bit successive approximation
A/D converter, type AD0838 (U9), is interfaced
to CPU (U18) and Peripheral (U20).
CH0 and CH1 are connected to the positive and
negative peak detector of the modem section.
The software can thus read the positive or negative value of an RX signal, or using the differential mode, the actual peak-to-peak RX signal
value.
CH3 is used to measure the radio RSSI signal
which was amplified by U8A.
CH4 is connected to the radio diagnostic signal
(P3-14). This pin is used to output an analog
signal corresponding to the power output and
the reflected signal.
CH5 is connected to U7 (LM50), a temperature
sensor with a -40 to +125°C range.
CH6 is used to read the SWB+ voltage after
proper scaling into the 0-5 V range.
CH7 and CH8 are connected to EXT SIGNAL 1
and 2. A 2:1 divider and protection circuit is
inserted between both external signals and the
A/D.
The EXTERNAL SIGNAL 1 and 2 pins are also
connected to U20 at PB6 and PB7 through transistors Q8 and Q9, and thus can be used for
ANALOG INPUT or DIGITAL OUTPUT
(available on some Integra versions).
EXT_SIGNAL2 is also connected to the rx test
point RX-TP through U4A (74HC4066). Under
software control the RX-TP (scaled down by 2)
is thus available on the power connector for
trouble-shooting purposes.
A 4 channel digital potentiometer type AD8403
(U6) is used to adjust the RX SIGNAL, TX
MODULATION, CARRIER FREQUENCY and
CARRIER DETECT THRESHOLD.
The RXD and RXC signals from U12 are then
fed to SIO_A of U18 for packet processing by
the CPU (U18).
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Integra T Technical Manual
4.3.5
Wake-Up Circuit
The wake-up circuit for the Integra consist basically of a 50 ms monostable circuit which is
triggered by the rising edge of a SLEEP signal
from the CPU (U18). The falling edge of this 50
ms pulse (end of pulse) is connected to the \NMI
of the CPU and thus will wake up the CPU from
SLEEP mode after 50 ms.
When exiting SLEEP mode on an \NMI, the
CPU firmware will increment a counter, then
return to SLEEP until it reaches a limit set by a
software parameter. When the programmed
count is reached the CPU will wake up the radio
and the RS232 driver, program the synthesizer,
and watch for channel activity.
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While in sleep mode (during the 50 ms pulse) an
active RTS from either communication port will
reset (terminate) the 50 ms pulse so that its falling edge will restart the CPU immediately.
The CPU will check to see if either RTS signal
is valid each time it is restarted by the \NMI.
The firmware will only start the sleep timer after
checking that all "wakeup" inputs are inactive.
4.3.6
Power Supply
The 13.3 volt DC power input is protected by a
3 amp fuse and reverse protected by a diode. A
5 volt, low voltage regulator is used to power all
digital and analog functions. Two transistors
(Q3 and Q6) are used to control the +5V_SW
voltage in the sleep mode.
Integra T Technical Manual
Specifications
GENERAL
RX Current drain at 13.3 VDC
TX Current drain at 13.3 VDC
VHF
UHF
900 MHz
132 - 174 MHz
403 - 512 MHz
928 - 960 MHz
One channel. Frequency may be set locally or remotely.
30 kHz
25 kHz
25 kHz
-30°C to +60°C
10 - 16 VDC (nominal 13.3 VDC)
Fuse protected input (internal surface mount 3A fuse: not field replaceable),
Input is also protected against reverse voltage.
< 170 mA (with a terminal connected to Integra-T COM port)
<1.7 A
< 1.9 A
< 2.5 A
Low power mode current drain
7 mA (nominal)
Frequency (no duplexer)
Channels
Channel spacing
Operating temperature
Supply voltage
Cold start1
4 sec (typical)
Warm start RX2
45 to 60 msec (depending on radio model and temperature)
Warm start TX3
55 to 70 msec (depending on radio model and temperature)
TX turnon time
RX/TX bandwidth
Nominal Dimensions
15 ms typical
18 MHz (132 - 150)
16 MHz except
24 MHz (150 - 174)
20 MHz (450 - 470)
4.5” W x 2.2” H x 4.75” D (11.4 x 5.6 x 12.1 cm)
32 MHz
RECEIVER
VHF
Sensitivity
Selectivity (25 or 30 kHz)
Selectivity (12.5 or 15 kHz)
Intermodulation
Spurious rejection
FM hum & noise
Conducted spurious
* psophometrically weighted
UHF
0.35 µV for 12 dB SINAD *
75 dB typical
70 dB minimum
65 dB typical
60 dB minimum
75 dB typical
70 dB minimum
75 dB typical
70 dB minimum
-48 dB typical
-48 dB typical
-45 dB max (30 kHz)
-45 dB max (25 kHz)
< -57 dBm
900 MHz
72 dB typical
65 dB minimum
63 dB typical
60 dB minimum
72 dB typical
70 dB minimum
75 dB typical
70 dB minimum
-43 dB typical
-40 dB max (25 kHz)
TRANSMITTER
VHF
UHF
1 to 5 watts, software adjustable
900 MHz
-63 dBc (-26 dBm) typ
-57 dBc (-20 dBm) max
2.5 PPM
-75 dBc (--38 dBm) typ
-63 dBc (-26 dBm) max
1.5 PPM
-75 dBc (-38 dBm) typ
-57 dBc (-20 dBm) max
1.5 PPM
-50 dB typical (30 kHz)
-45 dB max (30 kHz)
-50 dB typical (25 kHz)
-45 dB max (25 kHz)
< 7 ms
50%, max TX time 30 seconds
-50 dB typical (25 kHz)
-40 dB (max (25 kHz)
RF power output
Spurious and harmonics
Frequency stability
FM hum and noise
Attack time
Duty cycle
Cold start: This is the time from when DC power is applied until the unit is fully ready to receive or transmit data.
Warm start RX: In low power modes (sleep or suspend), this is the Integra-T wake-up time for full receiver recovery.
Warm start TX: In low power modes (sleep or suspend), this is the Integra-T wake-up time for full transceiver operation.
TX turnon time: This is the typical RX to TX switching time for stable transmission.
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Integra T Technical Manual
MODEM / LOGIC
Operation
Data rates
Modulation type
RTS/CTS delay (RTS mode)
Addressing
Bit error rate (BER)
Simplex/half duplex
4800 b/s, 9600 b/s
DGMSK
4 ms
8 bit station address, 1 bit station type (master, remote)
better than 1 x 10 -6 at 1.0 µV (based on “block error rate”)
COM PORT
Interface
Data rate
Protocol
Transmit control
EIA RS-232C
300 - 9600 b/s
Transparent, 7 or 8 data bits, 1 or 2 stop bits, even, odd or no parity
RTS or DOX (data operated transmit)
SETUP/DIAG PORT
Data format
Data rate
Proprietary binary for setup, ASCII for diags
9600 b/s
ANALOG INPUTS
Interface
Two inputs, 0 - 10 VDC, 8 bits. May be read only via Offline diagnostics.
Absolute maximum input voltage < 20 Vdc. Inputs are reverse-voltage protected.
DISPLAY
4 two color status LEDs
RUN/PWR, CS/SYN, RX/TX, RD/TD
CONNECTORS
RF
COM
SETUP/DIAG
Power / Analog
SMA female
DE-9F
DE-9F
Snap & lock 4-pin DC power jack
DIAGNOSTICS
Online
Offline
Short ID, temperature, B+ voltage, local RSSI, remote RSSI, fwd and rev power, RX quality
As for Online plus: demodulated signal voltage, analog input levels
FCC / IC CERTIFICATIONS
FCC
VHF
EOTMCUA5
(19K4F1D)
UHF
EOTMCUB5
(19K4F1D)
900 MHz
pending
IC (DOC)
771295359
(16K0F1D)
771295358
(16K0F1D)
pending
INDEX
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Integra T Technical Manual
L
addressing ............................................................... 11
adjustments
equipment required ............................................. 18
opening the case.................................................. 21
analog inputs ............................................................. 9
LEDs ......................................................................... 7
master...................................................................... 11
optimizing performance .......................................... 17
break signals............................................................ 10
point to point ............................................................. 4
point–multipoint........................................................ 4
power connector........................................................ 9
power saving ........................................................... 16
characteristics............................................................ 1
circuit description.................................................... 22
COM port
baud rates............................................................ 10
commands, remote .................................................... 3
configuration ............................................................. 1
connections ............................................................... 4
diagnostics........................................................... 3, 10
interpretation....................................................... 12
15
online .................................................................. 11
online string format............................................. 12
using an external program................................... 11
DOX mode .............................................................. 10
DTE connections....................................................... 7
range (distance) ......................................................... 3
remote ..................................................................... 11
repeaters .................................................................... 5
RS-232 port............................................................... 8
RSSI ........................................................................ 13
RTS mode ............................................................... 10
setup port................................................................... 8
short address............................................................ 11
signal quality ........................................................... 15
sleep mode .............................................................. 16
station type .............................................................. 11
ESN......................................................................... 11
tail circuit .................................................................. 6
firmware upgrades..................................................... 3
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Integra T Technical Manual

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