CalAmp Wireless Networks 2424046-001 T-96SR UHF Telemetry Transceiver/Modem User Manual 6857

CalAmp Wireless Networks Corporation T-96SR UHF Telemetry Transceiver/Modem 6857

Contents

Modem Manual

T-96HRadio ModemTechnical Manualversion 0.01PRELIMINARYThe entire contents of this manual and the Radio Service Softwaredescribed in this manual are copyright 1998 by DATARADIO Inc.Copyright DATARADIO Inc.August 1998part no.: 120 10504-001
iTable of Contents1. PRODUCT OVERVIEW................................................................................................................................... 11.1 INTENDED AUDIENCE ....................................................................................................................................... 11.2 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................. 11.3 GENERAL DESCRIPTION .................................................................................................................................... 11.4 PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION.................................................................................................................................... 11.5 CONFIGURATION ............................................................................................................................................... 11.6 CATALOG NUMBERS ......................................................................................................................................... 21.7 FACTORY TECHNICAL SUPPORT........................................................................................................................ 21.8 PRODUCT WARRANTY ...................................................................................................................................... 21.9 REPLACEMENT PARTS....................................................................................................................................... 21.9.1 Factory Repair ........................................................................................................................................ 21.10 DIAGNOSTICS AND REMOTE COMMANDS ..................................................................................................... 31.10.1 Addressing .......................................................................................................................................... 31.10.2 Online Diagnostics ............................................................................................................................. 31.10.3 Offline Diagnostics ............................................................................................................................. 41.10.4 Remote Commands ............................................................................................................................. 41.11 NETWORK CONFIGURATION.......................................................................................................................... 41.11.1 Basic Network..................................................................................................................................... 41.11.2 Network Using T-Base ........................................................................................................................ 51.11.3 Network Using T-Base Repeater......................................................................................................... 51.11.4 Network Using T-96H for Online Diagnostics.................................................................................... 62. FEATURES AND OPERATION ...................................................................................................................... 71.1 OVERVIEW........................................................................................................................................................ 72.1 INTENDED AUDIENCE ....................................................................................................................................... 72.2 FRONT PANEL ................................................................................................................................................... 72.2.1 LED Indicators........................................................................................................................................ 72.3 DTE PORT INTERFACE ..................................................................................................................................... 72.3.1 RS-232 Inteface Signal Levels................................................................................................................. 72.3.2 Interface Port .......................................................................................................................................... 82.3.3 Interface Signal Description ................................................................................................................... 82.4 CHANNEL SELECTION ....................................................................................................................................... 92.5 OPERATION....................................................................................................................................................... 92.5.1 RTS/CTS Timing.................................................................................................................................... 102.5.2 XTAL mode............................................................................................................................................ 102.5.3 Extended Turnoff................................................................................................................................... 103. ADJUSTMENTS AND MAINTENANCE ..................................................................................................... 111.1 OVERVIEW...................................................................................................................................................... 113.1 INTENDED AUDIENCE ..................................................................................................................................... 113.2 EQUIPMENT REQUIRED ................................................................................................................................... 113.3 MAINTENANCE INTERVALS ............................................................................................................................. 113.4 T96H ADJUSTMENTS ...................................................................................................................................... 113.4.1 Preliminary Verification ....................................................................................................................... 113.4.2 Basic Adjustments ................................................................................................................................. 113.4.3 Tests & ajustments................................................................................................................................. 113.4.4 Opening the Unit................................................................................................................................... 143.4.5 Location of Adjustments and Test Points .............................................................................................. 143.4.5.1 All Models, Logic PCB.................................................................................................................................144. LOADER/MODEM BOARD CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION............................................................................ 144.1 GENERAL..................................................................................................................................................... 14
ii4.2 TRANSMIT DATA....................................................................................................................................... 144.3 RECEIVE DATA........................................................................................................................................... 154.4 SYNTHESIZER PROGRAMMING.............................................................................................................. 154.5 POWER SUPPLIES ...................................................................................................................................... 154.6 MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTIONS ............................................................................................................... 155. SPECIFICATIONS .......................................................................................................................................... 17INDEX........................................................................................................................................................................ 19FIGURE 1 - BASIC NETWORK.......................................................................................................................................... 4FIGURE 2 - NETWORK USING T-BASE ............................................................................................................................ 5FIGURE 3 - USING A T-BASE REPEATER......................................................................................................................... 5FIGURE 4 - NETWORK WITH MONITORING SITE .............................................................................................................. 6FIGURE 5 - DATA I/O CONNECTOR PINOUT ................................................................................................................... 7FIGURE 6 - DIP SWITCH LOCATION ................................................................................................................................9FIGURE 7 - LOGIC BOARD ADJUSTMENTS AND TEST POINTS ....................................................................................... 14TABLE 1 - RS-232 SIGNAL LEVELS .................................................................................................................................. 7TABLE 2 - CHANNEL SELECTION.................................................................................................................................... 9TABLE 3 - RTS / CTS DELAYS .................................................................................................................................... 10TABLE 4 - EXTENDED TURNOFF DELAYS..................................................................................................................... 10TABLE 5: TESTS AND ADJUSTMENTS FULL CHANNEL UNITS (25 KHZ & 30 KHZ MODELS)........................................ 12TABLE 6: TESTS AND ADJUSTMENTS HALF CHANNEL UNITS (12.5 KHZ & 15 KHZ MODELS)..................................... 13
iiiWhat's New in Version 0.01• First version of the T-96H technical manual based on the latest T-96S technical manual ver 2.01.HistoryVersion 0.01:• Preliminary version.
iv Definitions The following terms are used throughout this document. Item DefinitionBit dribble Extraneous bits delivered at the end of a data transmission. Equivalent to a“squelch tail” in voice systems. DCE Data Communications Equipment. This designation defines the direction (inputor output) of the various RS-232C interface signals. Modems are always wired asDCE. See also DTE. DTE Data Terminal Equipment. This designation defines the direction (input or out-put) of the various RS-232C interface signals. Most telemetry and SCADAequipment, as well as PCs, are wired as DTE. See also DCE. HDX Half Duplex. A unit which uses separate transmit and receive frequencies, butwhich may not transmit and receive simultaneously.OFLNDIAG Offline Diagnostics software. This software allows local (T-96S only) and re-mote diagnostics (T-96S and RNET 9600S).ONDMON Online Diagnostics Monitor software. This software allows online diagnosticsmonitoring of T-96S/DL3276 and RNET 9600S.PLC Programmable Logic Controller. An intelligent device that can make decisions,gather and report information, and control other devices. RS-232 Industry–standard interface for low speed data transfer (EIA-RS-232E).RSS Radio Service Software. This software allows configuration and testing of theT-96S (T96RSS). RTS Request To Send. An RS-232C signal used by most SCADA equipment to initi-ate a data transmission.RTU Remote Terminal Unit. A SCADA device used to gather information or controlother devices. SCADA Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition. A general term referring to systemsthat gather data and/or perform control operations. Simplex A unit which uses the same frequency for transmit and receive.Transparent A transparent unit transmits all data without regard to special characters, etc. T-96S The DATARADIO T-96S Telemetry Radiomodem. The T-Base is made up of 2 or3 modified T-96S units. DL-3276 The Johnson Data Telemetry (JDT) version of the T96S. T-96H Enhence version of the T-96S capable of 19200 b/s in full channel radio and9600 b/s in half channel radio models.
120 10503-201 PRELIMINARY T-96S Technical Manual11. PRODUCT OVERVIEWThis document provides the informationrequired for the selection, installation, op-eration and maintenance of the DATARADIOT-96H radiomodem.1.1 Intended AudienceThis document is designed for use by engi-neering design, installation, and mainte-nance personnel.1.2 IntroductionThis chapter provides the information nec-essary to identify and assess the capabilitiesof the T-96H. Connection and operation arealso described.1.3 General DescriptionThe T-96H is a transparent real-time radio-modem designed primarily for SCADA andtelemetry use. The T-96H is available indifferent versions according to radio fre-quency. Common features to all versionsinclude:• Data speeds of 4800 to 19200 b/s(9600 b/s maximum in half channels)using standard RS-232 interface.• Built–in 8 channel synthesized radiotransceiver for VHF, UHF and900 MHz.• Power output of 1W to 5W (softwarecontrolled).• Half duplex or simplex operation.• Transmit switching via RTS.• On-line diagnostics monitoring• Offline local and remote diagnostics.• Compatible with DATARADIO T-Basefor base station or repeater use.• Compatible with anyDATARADIOInteroperability Standard (DIOS)equipment for data rate up to 9600 b/s.1.4 Physical DescriptionThe T-96H consists of a logic PCB (whichincludes the modem circuitry) and a sepa-rate radio module. The two boards plug di-rectly together and slide into the rails of anextruded aluminum case. The front panelincludes the DE-15 data connector and aSMA antenna connector, as well as threeLED indicators. Power connections aremade through the DE-15 data connector.The unit is not hermetically sealed andshould be mounted in a suitable enclosurewhere dust and/or a corrosive atmosphereare anticipated. There are no externalswitches or adjustments. Operating pa-rameters are set using software.Channel selection may be done using aninternal DIP switch, by strapping the appro-priate pins on the DE-15 data connector, orby selecting the desired channel using theT96HRSS or the OFLNDIAG.1.5 ConfigurationOperating characteristics of the T-96H areconfigured by means of Radio Service Soft-ware (T96HRSS - p/n 085 03250-xxx)available from your sales representative.Also available is the Offline Diagnosticssoftware (OFLNDIAG) and the Online Di-agnostics Monitor (ONDMON) which giveaccess to offline diagnostics & commands(local and remote) and online diagnosticsmonitoring with or without a T-Base. Bothprograms are MSDOS based and will run onany 486 or higher PC (2 Megabytes memoryrequired).The T-96H requires the use of theT96HRSS for both configuration and ad-justment.INTEROP ER ABILIT Y®
120 10503-201 PRELIMINARY T-96S Technical Manual21.6 Catalog Numbers A T-96H may be identified from its catalognumber.CATALOG NUMBERSFormat is TH[radio][band][channel spacing]0radio22 VHF12 UHF92 900band (frequencies in MHz)1380 - 4032403 - 4193419 - 4354132 – 150 435 - 4515150 – 174 450 - 470 928 - 9606464 - 4807480 - 4968496 - 512channel spacing (frequencies in MHz)115.0 12.5 12.5330.0 25.0 25.0For example, a TH12530 is a UHF, 450-470 MHz unit with25 kHz channel spacing.1.7 Factory TechnicalSupport The Technical Support departments ofDATARADIO and Johnson Data Telemetry(JDT) provide customer assistance on tech-nical problems and serve as an interfacewith factory repair facilities. They can bereached in the following ways: DATARADIO Inc. 5500 Royalmount Ave, suite 200 Town of Mount Royal Quebec, Canada H4P 1H7 Technical support hours: Monday to Friday9:00 AM to 5:00 PM, Eastern Time,. phone: +1 514 737-0020 fax: +1 514 737-7883Email address: support@dataradio.com Johnson Data Telemetry Corp. Customer Service Department 299 Johnson Avenue, P.O. Box 1733 Waseca, MN 56093-0833 Technical support hours: Monday to Friday9:00 AM to 5:00 PM, Central Time,. phone: 800 992-7774 and +1 507 835-6911 fax: 507 835-6969Email address: support@johnsondata.com1.8 Product Warranty Warranty information may be obtained bycontacting your sales representative.1.9 Replacement Parts This product is normally not field service-able, except by the replacement of completeunits. Specialized equipment and training isrequired to repair logic boards and radiomodules. Contact Technical Support for service in-formation before returning equipment. ATechnical Support representative may sug-gest a solution eliminating the need to returnequipment.1.9.1 Factory Repair When returning equipment for repair, youmust request an RMA (Returned MaterialAuthorization) number. The Tech Supportrepresentative will ask you several questionsto clearly identify the problem. Please givethe representative the name of a contact per-son who is familiar with the problem,should questions arise during servicing ofthe unit. Customers are responsible for shippingcharges for returned units. Units in warrantywill be repaired free of charge unless thereis evidence of abuse or damage beyond theterms of the warranty. Units out of warrantywill be subject to service charges. Informa-tion about these charges is available fromTechnical Support.
120 10503-201 PRELIMINARY T-96S Technical Manual31.10 Diagnostics andRemote CommandsDiagnostics and remote commands areprocessed using the T96H Offline Diagnos-tics software (OFLNDIAG). Diagnosticscan be monitored using the T96H OnlineDiagnostics Monitor program (ONDMON).The T-96H has the following diagnostic andcommand features:Online diagnostics. Information is auto-matically sent by each unit at the begin-ning of every transmission. May be dis-abled for back compatibility withDATARADIO T-Modem 96 or MotorolaRNET 9600.Offline diagnostics. Information is sent by aspecific unit in response to an inquiryby the master or monitoring station.Remote commands. Commands may be sentby the master or monitoring station toany specific remote unit.1.10.1 AddressingEach T-96H has addressing capability whichis used for diagnostics and remote com-mands only. Two addresses are used:ID Number: This value (maximum 1023) isassigned at the factory but may be modi-fied using the T96RSS. The ID Numberis used to uniquely identify the T-96Hfor remote commands and offline diag-nostics. The ID Number may have val-ues within the range of 1 to 99,999,999but multiples of 1024 should not beused.Short ID: This value is the low order 10 bitsof the ID Number. It is used to identifyonline diagnostics only. It may not bemodified directly using the T96HRSS; itis always derived from the ID Number.All units within a network should haveunique Short ID numbers to avoid am-biguity in Online Diagnostics reports.Either the T96HRSS or OFLNDIAG may beused to check the value of the Short ID.When setting up a network, we recommendchecking each unit to make sure that there isno duplication of Short ID numbers. Dupli-cations may be resolved by changing the IDNumber.If ID Numbers are set so that their value iswithin the range of 1 to 1023, the ID Num-ber and the Short ID will always have thesame value. Customers may find this to be aconvenience.1.10.2 Online DiagnosticsOnline diagnostics (statistics) require theuse of a network configuration such as thatspecified in section 1.11.2. or 1.11.4 Onlinediagnostics do not interfere with normalnetwork operation. The following informa-tion is gathered:• Supply voltage• Internal temperature• Forward and reverse power in watts(T96S models only)• Received signal strength in dBmEach T-96H can accumulate these statisticsfor the last 15 stations heard. The accumu-lated values may be displayed using theOFLNDIAG or dynamically monitored bythe Online Diagnostics Monitor program(ONDMON).
120 10503-201 PRELIMINARY T-96S Technical Manual41.10.3 Offline DiagnosticsOffline diagnostics are statistics returned inresponse to a specific request to a particularstation. The use of this feature requires thatnetwork operation temporarily be sus-pended.The following information may be gatheredand displayed via the OFLNDIAG:• Supply voltage• Analog supply voltage• Internal temperature• Received signal strength in dBm• Forward and relected power in watts(T96S models only)1.10.4 Remote CommandsThe following commands may be sent re-motely (using the OFLNDIAG).• Begin test transmission (several typesavailable).• Get statistics (diagnostics).• Sample network statistics (monitoringonline diagnostics).• Get parameters (configuration) fromremote unit.Sending remote commands and receivingresponses is done with the host applicationoffline.1.11 Network ConfigurationThe T-96H is designed to replace wire lines in SCADA, telemetry and control applications. TheRS-232 serial port allows direct connection to PLCs (Programmable Logic Controllers) or RTUs(Remote Terminal Units). Several network configurations are described in the sections that fol-low.1.11.1 Basic NetworkThis configuration has the following characteristics:• Master station may be half duplex orsimplex.• Online diagnostics are not available inreal time.• Remote and local diagnostics, accumu-lated online diagnostics and control areavailable by disconnecting the masterPLC and substituting a PC running theT96H Offline Diagnostics software(OFLNDIAG).PLCMasterPLC T96HT96HT96HPLCFigure 1 - Basic Network
120 10503-201 PRELIMINARY T-96S Technical Manual51.11.2 Network Using T-BaseThis configuration has the following characteristics:• Master station may be full duplex (du-plexer required), half duplex or simplex.• Online diagnostics are available usingthe Online Diagnostics Monitor pro-gram (ONDMON) without disruptingnetwork activity.• Remote and local diagnostics, statisticsand control are available using the T-96H OFLNDIAG.• The T-Base provides output of onlinediagnostic information which could beprocessed by the T-96H ONDMONprogram or by a user-supplied networkmanagement program. Contact yoursales representative for further informa-tion.1.11.3 Network Using T-Base RepeaterThis configuration has the following characteristics:• Master station and all remotes must behalf duplex.• Any of the network types described insections 1.11.1, 1.11.2 or 1.11.4 may beused with a T-Base repeater.• The RTS/CTS delays for each T-96H inthe system must be extended as shownin section 2.5.1PLCMasterPLCT96HT96HT-BasePC for onlinediagnostics PLCFigure 2 - Network Using T-BasePLCMasterPLCT96HT96HT-BaserepeaterduplexerFigure 3 - Using a T-Base Repeater
120 10503-201 PRELIMINARY T-96S Technical Manual61.11.4 Network Using T-96H for Online DiagnosticsThis configuration has the following characteristics:• Master station may be half duplex orsimplex.• Accumulated online diagnostics for amaximum of 15 stations are available ata monitoring site (monitoring site mustbe in range of all remotes).• Online diagnostics are available in realtime at the monitoring site.• Remote offline diagnostics, statisticsand control are available from themonitoring site by temporarily disablingnetwork activity.Online diagnostics are accumulated in themonitoring T-96H for the last 15 stationsheard. This information may be viewed us-ing the OFLNDIAG. For larger networks,the T-96H can output raw diagnostic dataonly, which may be interpreted for networkmanagement by the Dataradio ONDMONprogram or by a user-supplied software pro-gram. Contact your sales representatives formore information.PLCMasterPLCT96HT96HT96HT96HPC for onlinediagnostics PLCFigure 4 - Network with Monitoring Site
120 10503-201 PRELIMINARY T-96S Technical Manual72. Features and Operation1.1 OverviewThis chapter outlines the physical features,connections and theory of operation of theT-96H.2.1 Intended AudienceThis chapter is intended for use by engi-neering design, installation, and mainte-nance personnel.2.2 Front Panel The front panel includes:• One SMA type female antenna connec-tor.• Three LED indicators (described be-low).• One DE-15F interface (includes powerconnections)T-96HRXTXPWRINTEROPERABILITY®D A TA TELEM ETR Y®2.2.1 LED IndicatorsThe T-96H has three LED indicators asshown described:LED Indicates DescriptionGreen Power DC Power is applied.FlashinggreenSetupmodeUnit is in setup mode.Red Transmit Unit is transmitting adata signal.Yellow Receive Unit is receiving a datasignal.2.3 DTE Port Interface2.3.1 RS-232 Inteface SignalLevelsIn the descriptions of data signals, the fol-lowing conventions are used:Table 1 - RS-232 Signal LevelsTerm Alternates Signal levelON asserted, spacing +3 to +15 VOFF dropped, marking -3 to -15 V Figure 5 - Data I/O Connector Pinout151110651Pin Name Pin Name Pin Name1Ground 6Ground 11 CS 02RX Data 7CTS 12 CS 13TX Data 8RTS 13 CS 24TestAudio9DCD 14 RSSI5B+ Power 10 B+ Power 15 DTR
120 10503-201 PRELIMINARY T-96S Technical Manual82.3.2 Interface PortThe T-96H signals are defined as DCE.Connection to user DTE is made via a DE-15 female connector. This connection meetsthe DATARADIO Interoperability Standard(DIOS).Users can build a suitable cable by referringto the connector pinout and the InterfaceSignal Description given in the next section.A cable for connection to a PC AT typeDE-9 connector is available fromDATARADIO as p/n 730 03267-001.Important Note: The T96H RSS kit, usedto configure the T-96H, includes a specialsetup cable, p/n 730 03266-001. Do not usethis cable to connect a user application.Doing so will result in the T-96H switchingto “setup mode”, in which case it will nottransmit or receive user data. The greenLED flashes to indicate that the unit is inthis mode.2.3.3 Interface Signal DescriptionB+ power (input). 10 - 16 VDC (13.3Vnominal), maximum 2 A.RX Data. Received data from T-96H toDTE.TX Data. Transmit data from DTE toT-96H.CTS. Clear to Send. Asserted when theT-96H is ready to accept TX Data.RTS. Request to Send. Causes theT-96H to transmit when asserted by theDTE.DCD. Data Carrier Detect. Asserted bythe T-96H when a data signal is beingreceived.DTR. Data Terminal Ready. Assertedby the T96HRSS/OFLNDIAG to selectsetup mode. Do not connect to this pinfor user applications.Test Audio. Output signal used duringadjustment and testing.RSSI. Output signal used during testing.
120 10503-201 PRELIMINARY T-96S Technical Manual92.4 Channel SelectionChannel frequencies for 8 channels are se-lected using the T96HRSS. Once selected,the current operating channel may be se-lected in one of three ways:1. By setting the channel on the internalDIP switch. CS0 to CS2 on the inter-face connector must be left discon-nected.2. By strapping connections on the inter-face connector. There is a 10KΩ pull upresistor on each line (CS0 to CS2). TheDIP switch channel settings must beall OFF.3. By selecting the channel from theT96RSS or the OFLNDIAG programs.The DIP switch channel settings mustbe all OFF and CS0 to CS2 on the in-terface connector must be discon-nected (open).Table 2 - Channel SelectionChannel SW1-3 SW1-2 SW1-1 CS 2 CS 1 CS 01 on on on gnd gnd gnd2 on on off gnd gnd open3 on off on gnd open gnd4 on off off gnd open open5 off on on open gnd gnd6 off on off open gnd open7 off off on open open gnd8 off off off open open openIn the table, “gnd” indicates that the pin should be connected to ground (pin 1 or 6)2.5 OperationThe T-96H operates transparently at thespeed set using the Radio Service Software(T96HRSS) and is designed to operate un-attended. Basic operation is as follows.1. The DTE starts a data transfer by as-serting RTS. CTS is returned after thetransmitter has been keyed and a modemsynchronization preamble sent.See Table 3 - RTS / CTS Delays foractual value.2. Data are transmitted as long as RTS isasserted and the PTT timer, if enabled,has not expired. RTS can be droppedafter the last stop bit of the last charac-ter has been given to the T-96H. CTSwill be dropped when the last characterhas been transmitted on the network.SW1Figure 6 - DIP switch location
120 10503-201 PRELIMINARY T-96S Technical Manual103. In the idle mode, i.e. no transmission orreception, RX Data will be held in theidle (i.e. “marking”) condition.4. When a valid radio data signal is re-ceived, DCD will be asserted and datawill be delivered.5. When the radio carrier is dropped, theT-96H will clamp RX Data idle (mark-ing) again and drop DCD. At 19200 b/sa few extraneous bits may be deliveredafter the carrier is dropped (sometimescalled “bit dribble”). User softwareshould take this possibility into account.2.5.1 RTS/CTS TimingThe T-96H asserts CTS after RTS has beenasserted and a sufficient time has elapsed toallow modem synchronization. The timesare fixed at the factory and are not user–adjustable.Repeater mode (Extended time) must be set(via the T96HRSS) if the unit is to commu-nicate through a repeater.Times are increased if online diagnosticsare enabled, as shown in the columns diag.on.Table 3 - RTS / CTS DelaysRTS/CTS delay (normal) RTS/CTS delay (extended)Speed diag. off diag. on diag. off diag. on1200 b/s 50 ms 144 ms 80 ms 174 ms2400 b/s 40 ms 87 ms 70 ms 117 ms4800 b/s 30 ms 54 ms 60 ms 84 ms9600 b/s 30 ms 41 ms 60 ms 71 ms19200 b/s 30 ms 36 ms 60 ms 66 ms2.5.2 XTAL modeThis mode extends all RTS/CTS delays by 5ms for compatibility with earlier, crystalcontrolled products (T-Modem 96, RNet9600). Select this mode from the T96RSS.2.5.3 Extended TurnoffAn end–of–transmission quiet period ap-proximately 8 characters long can be in-voked on the T-96H by holding its tranmit-ter on briefly after RTS is dropped. Thisquiet period, which occurs between the lastvalid data character and any possible extra-neous “noise” bits, may be of benefit tosome DTEthat would otherwise be adversely affectedby the extraneous bits. This quiet period isselected via the T96RSS.Table 4 - Extended Turnoff DelaysSpeed Quiet “turnoff” period1200 b/s 70 ms2400 b/s 35 ms4800 b/s 16 ms9600 b/s 8 ms19200 b/s 4 ms
120 10503-201 PRELIMINARY T-96S Technical Manual113. Adjustments andMaintenance1.1 OverviewThis chapter outlines the basic adjustment pro-cedures required upon initial installation andthereafter at prescribed maintenance intervals.Units are delivered from the factory properlyaligned and tested on the frequencies specifiedat time of order. Adjustment beyond that de-scribed in this chapter is not required unless ra-dio modules have been tampered with or re-paired. In such cases we recommend completefactory re-alignment as special test jigs are re-quired.3.1 Intended AudienceThis chapter is intended for use by installationand maintenance personnel.3.2 Equipment RequiredThe adjustments described below require thefollowing equipment:• 13.3 VDC (nominal), 3A regulated powersupply.• Radio service monitor (IFR or equivalent).• Cable with SMA-male connector to connectT-96H to the service monitor.• T96H Radio Service Software (T96HRSS)kit, including setup cable (p/n 085 03250-xxx)• A 486 PC (or better) to run the T96HRSS.• Normal radio shop tools.3.3 Maintenance IntervalsThe adjustments described below should bedone once upon initial installation of the unit,and thereafter at annual intervals or whenever adeterioration in performance indicates that ad-justment may be required.3.4 T96H Adjustments3.4.1 Preliminary VerificationBefore performing any adjustments, verify theperformance of the unit as shown in the Table 5for full channel units in the Table 6 for halfchannel units.Important Note: Before proceeding makesure that the service monitor has been cali-brated recently and has warmed up for atleast the time specified by its manufacturer.Some reported frequency and deviation prob-lems have actually been erroneous indicationsfrom service monitors that have not adequatelywarmed up. This is particularly likely whenfield service is done during winter months.3.4.2 Basic AdjustmentsBasic adjustments to be performed are:1. Transmitter power output2. TX/RX frequency3. Transmitter deviation4. Demodulated audio levelThese adjustments should be performed in thesequence shown above.3.4.3 Tests & ajustmentsRefer to the T96HRSS help file for parameterinformation.1. Connect the T-96H antenna connector to theTX/RX input of the service monitor using asuitable length of 50 ohm cable.2. Connect the T-96H to a suitable power sup-ply and adjust the supply voltage to 13.3volts.3. Using the setup cable (p/n 730 03266-001;part of kit 085 03250-xxx) connect theT-96H Data connector to the serial port of aPC and run the T96HRSS program. This ca-ble is required to put the T-96H into setupmode.4. Press GET to get the configuration of theunit.5. Refer to “Tests and Adjustments” tables re-lated to the radio type (half or full channel).
120 10503-201 PRELIMINARY T-96S Technical Manual12 Table 5: Tests and Adjustments full channel units (25 KHz & 30 Khz models)STEP ACTION EXPECTEDRESULTS at25°°°°CMEASUREWITHIF NOT?1Output PowerPress PTT Channel x5 watts 1+10%, -20%Service monitorset to readpowerCheck T96HRSS maximumpower output setting: mustbe set to 255 (means 5W)Refer to factory techsupport.2Frequency ErrorPress PTT Channel x±300 Hz Service monitorset to read fre-quency errorOpen the unit (see 3.4.4)Adjust the Frequency Ad-just control on the TCXO 23DeviationPress PTT Channel x±4.0 kHz 3+5%, -10%Service monitorset to read de-viation with mid(15 - 30 kHz) IFfilter.Using T96HRSS, adjust TXdeviation with the up/downarrows.4 Set the service monitor to generate a -80 dBm signal on the selected receive frequency. Thesignal should be modulated with a 1.0 kHz tone.5Demodulated Audio• For 9600 b/s setgenerator deviationto ±2.5 kHz.• For 1200 - 4800 b/sset generator devia-tion to ±4.0 kHz.2.0 ±0.2 Vpp Oscilloscopeconnected topin 4 of the dataI/O connector. 4Using T96HRSS, adjustreceive audio level with theup/down arrows.612 dB SINADSet deviation to ±3 kHz.Set IF filter to mid (15-30 kHz), no audio filter.≤ 0.5 µV 5Service monitorset for SINAD.Connect to pin4 of the data I/Oconnector 4.Refer to factory technicalsupport.7DistortionSet deviation to ±3 kHz.Set IF filter to mid (15-30 kHz), no audio filter.< 3% Service monitorset for Distor-tion. Connect topin 4 of the dataI/O connector 4.Refer to factory technicalsupport.1 (unless you have set a lower value). Note that readings less than 5 watts may be due to losses in the cables used for testing.Check also your wattmeter frequency calibration curve. Do not be too ready to condemn the transmitter.2The TCXO adjustment is accessible through the hole next to the DIP switch on the logic board.3The unit is automatically set to 19200 b/s (Bt.3) for this procedure. If the unit is later used at 9600 b/s (Bt.5) or 4800 b/s, thedeviation be will automatically set to ±3.0 kHz and ±4.0kHz respectively.4Pin 4 is accessible by removing the cable connector hood. If you anticipate frequent need for access to this pin, solder a shortinsulated lead to that pin on the cable connector and replace the hood. (The same signal is available at TP1 on the logic boardif the unit is open).5If a psophometrically weighted filter is available on the service monitor, use 0.35 µV.
120 10503-201 PRELIMINARY T-96S Technical Manual13Table 6: Tests and Adjustments half channel units (12.5 kHz & 15 Khz models)STEP ACTION EXPECTEDRESULTS at25°°°°CMEASUREWITHIF NOT?1Output PowerPress PTT Channel x5 watts 1+10%, -20%Service monitorset to readpowerCheck T96RSS maximumpower output setting: mustbe set to 255 (means 5W)Refer to factory techsupport.2Frequency ErrorPress PTT Channel x±300 Hz Service monitorset to read fre-quency errorOpen the uniit (see 3.4.4)Adjust the Frequency Ad-just control on the TCXO 23DeviationPress PTT Channel x±3.0 kHz 3+5%, -10%Service monitorset to read de-viation with mid(15 - 30 kHz) IFfilter.Using T96HRSS, adjust TXdeviation with the up/downarrows.4 Set the service monitor to generate a -80 dBm signal on the selected receive frequency. Thesignal should be modulated with a 1.0 kHz tone.5Demodulated AudioFor 1200 - 4800 b/s setgenerator deviation to±2.0 kHz.2.0 ±0.2 Vpp Oscilloscopeconnected topin 4 of the dataI/O connector. 4Using T96HRSS, adjustreceive audio level with theup/down arrows.612 dB SINADSet deviation to 1.5kHz.Set IF filter to mid (15-30 kHz), no audio filter.≤ 0.5 µV 5Service monitorset for SINAD.Connect to pin4 of the data I/Oconnector 4.Refer to factory technicalsupport.7DistortionSet deviation to 1.5kHz.Set IF filter to mid (15-30 kHz), no audio filter.< 3% Service monitorset for Distor-tion. Connect topin 4 of the dataI/O connector 4.Refer to factory technicalsupport.1 (unless you have set a lower value). Note that readings less than 5 watts may be due to losses in the cables used fortesting. Check also your wattmeter frequency calibration curve. Do not be too ready to condemn the transmitter.2The TCXO adjustment is accessible through the hole next to the DIP switch on the logic board.3The unit is automatically set to 9600 b/s (Bt.3) for this procedure. This T96H model has not been designed to op-erate at 19200 b/s using half channel radios. If the unit is later used at 4800 b/s (Bt.5), the deviation will be auto-matically set to ±2.0 kHz.4Pin 4 is accessible by removing the cable connector hood. If you anticipate frequent need for access to this pin, sol-der a short insulated lead to that pin on the cable connector and replace the hood. (The same signal is available atTP1 on the logic board if the unit is open).5If a psophometrically weighted filter is available on the service monitor, use 0.35 µV.
120 10503-201 PRELIMINARY T-96S Technical Manual143.4.4 Opening the Unit1. Remove the two retaining nuts from thedata I/O connector, and the nut andwasher from the antenna connector.2. Remove the four screws holding the rearpanel heat sink.3. Slide the unit out of the case from therear.3.4.5 Location of Adjustmentsand Test Points3.4.5.1 All Models, Logic PCB Adjustments and test points are shown be-low.Figure 7 - Logic Board Adjustments and Test Points4. Loader/Modem BoardCircuit Description4.1 GENERALThe Loader/Modem board, Part No.03280-xxx, is a plug-in circuit board.The four main functions of theLoader/Modem board include, loadingthe radio synthesizer, providing thebaseband modulating signal for thetransmitter and demodulating receiveaudio signals. The Loader/Modem boardis programmed by a personal computerand software. The Loader/Modem boardconnects to the radio through 14-pinconnector P1/J201. User data, pro-gramming channels and other operatingparameters are provided through a DE-15 connector. A block diagram of themodem is shown at the end of this sec-tion.4.2 TRANSMIT DATATransmit Data from the RS-232 port islevel-shifted to TTL by U1, then gatedthrough U6 and converted from asyn-chronous to synchronous format by U2.The CPLD modem, U6 takes the digitaldata stream and synthesizes to the con-stant-amplitude analog baseband signal,which is filtered by U12, buffered byU10B then applied to radio module TXAat P1-6.The modem IC is a CPLD based on aPhilips eXtended Programmable LogicArray (XPLA, PZ5128) which, with aprogrammable Raise–Cosine filterAccess Hole for TCXOSW1L1TP2TP4Y1U3U6U2U1U4TP1TP3U5J1
120 10503-201 PRELIMINARY T-96S Technical Manual15(U12), operates in DRCMSK1 mode at4800, 9600 and 19200 bits/sec. It incor-porates a 7-bit hardware scrambler anduses Differential (NRZI) encoding inDRCMSK mode to minimize data pat-tern-sensitivity. Electronic potentiometerU9B (E-Pot), controlled by CPU U5, isused to set the transmitter deviation byamplitude adjustment of the basebandsignal.4.3 RECEIVE DATAReceived signals are applied to the RXApin on P1-13 and amplified by U7A,whose gain is set by the electronic po-tentiometer U9A, then filtered by U12.The same filter circuit is used for trans-mission and reception: two analog mul-tiplexer/demultiplexer gates (U11 A andB) controlled by TX_EN line are usedfor sharing. The filter U12 cut-off fre-quency is programmable by the CPU,based on the data rate. The analog signalis then fed to Peak Detectors U7C andU7D, to the slicer circuit U8C via U7Band U8B. The resulting synchronous bitstream is converted to asynchronous atU2 and shifted to RS-232 levels by U1.4.4 SYNTHESIZERPROGRAMMINGThe CPU programs the RF module syn-thesizer serially on each Tx/Rx transi-tion. Logic of U1 and U11A/B switchthe receive and transmit data path fromthe modem to the radio and/or the exter-nal serial port, under CPU control. TheCPU also controls the sync/async con- 1 DRCMSK = Differential Raise Cosine MinimumShift Keyingverter U2, the filter cut-off frequency,the serial port handshake lines, and theLED indicators via Q1-3.Three channel select inputs, ESD pro-tected by D1,2,3, in parallel with the on-board DIP switches, are read by the CPUto select the active channel. The fourthDIP switch puts the unit in TEST mode,which sends a test, tone (data rate/4).4.5 POWER SUPPLIESThe main DC power (13.3V nom.)coming from J1.5,10 is filtered out fortranzient and then sent directly to power-up the radio module at P1.2. VoltageRegulator U14 (AVCC) provides 5 Vfor the receiver RX_5V and analog mo-dem circuitry, while U13 (DVCC) pro-vides 5V for the CPU and other digitallogic.4.6 MISCELLANEOUSFUNCTIONSU4 generates a power-on reset for theCPU and U3 is a temperature sensorused by the firmware to compensate forvariations in RSSI.The RF module’s RSSI output, P1-12, isread by an analog input on the CPU,which implements a squelch threshold insoftware. Other analog inputs are usedto read ambient temperature (used tocorrect RSSI variations) and various in-ternal voltages (B+_LVL, AVCC, etc.).The DTR_PGM input, J2-10, puts theCPU in programming mode in which theCPU accepts commands and setup datafrom the Radio Service Software.
120 10503-201 PRELIMINARY T-96S Technical Manual16CONTROL BUSU3MONITORINGSIO 2SIO 1CTCU5 U6U8AU7ARXAU8DPEAKDETECTU7C,D,B CPLDModemRXSDRIVERU1RCVRDE15RXDCTSDCDDTRTXDRTSSYNTHESIZERTX SUPPLYRX SUPPLYMODEMCPURS232Y1DIAGNOSTICSRSSIRADIOMODULEPOWER SUPPLYLEDSDIP SWITCHESTEMPERATUREVOLTAGES 5.0V13.3VRESETU10C U10DU2SYNC-ASYNCCONVERTERU13,U14,F1RESETRAMROMW.DOGDIGITALI/OA/DLogic GatesU4TXATXAE-PotU9BE-PotU9AU10BU8BSlicerLevelU8CControlledby CPU'TX_ENLine U12Figure 8 – Logic / Modem board Block Diagram
120 10503-201 PRELIMINARY T-96S Technical Manual175. SpecificationsGENERALVHF UHF 900 MHzFrequency 132 - 174 MHz 403 - 512 MHz 928 - 960 MHzChannel spacing 15 or 30 kHz 12.5 or 25 kHz 12.5 or 25 kHzOperating temperature -30°C to +60°CSupply voltage 10 - 16 VDC (applied through the interface connector)RX Current at 13.3 VDC 120 mA 125 mA 135 mATX Current at 13.3 VDC 1.6 A 1.8 A 2.3 ARX/TX bandwidth 18 MHz (132 - 150)24 MHz (150 - 174)16 MHz except20 MHz (450 - 470)32 MHzNominal Dimensions 2.25” (H) x 3.25” (W) x 4.75” (L)RF connector SMA-FInterface connector DE-15F high density D-subminiatureRECEIVERVHF UHF 900 MHzSensitivity (12 dB SINAD) < 0.35 µV *Selectivity (25 or 30 kHz) 75 dB typical70 dB minimum72 dB typical65 dB minimumSelectivity (12.5 or 15kHz)65 dB typical60 dB minimum63 dB typical60 dB minimumIntermodulation 75 dB typical70 dB minimum72 dB typical70 dB minimumSpurious rejection 75 dB typical70 dB minimum75 dB typical70 dB minimumFM hum & noise -48 dB typical *-45 dB max (30 kHz) *-40 dB max (15 kHz) *-40 dB max (25 kHz)*-35 dB max (12.5 kHz)*Conducted spurious < -57 dBm maximum* psophometrically weighted filterTRANSMITTERVHF UHF 900 MHzPower output 1 - 5 watts 1 - 5 watts 1 - 5 wattsSpurious and harmonics -63 dBc (-26 dBm) typ-57dBc (-20 dBm) max-75 dBc (-38 dBm) typ-63dBc (-26 dBm) max-75 dBc (-38 dBm) typ-57 dBc (-20 dBm) maxFrequency stability 2.5 ppm 1.5 ppmFM hum and noise -50 dB typ (30 kHz)-45 dB max (30 kHz)-40 dB max (15 kHz)-50 dB typical (25 kHz)-45 dB max 25 kHz)-40 dB max (12.5 kHz)-50 dB typ (25 kHz)-40 dB max (25 kHz)-35 dB max (12.5 kHz)Attack time < 7 msDuty cycle 50% at full power, 30 seconds maximum transmit time
120 10503-201 PRELIMINARY T-96S Technical Manual18MODEM OPERATIONInterface EIA RS-232COperation Simplex/half duplexData rates 4800 b/s 9600 b/s 19200 b/sModulation type DRCMSK DRCMSK DRCMSKRTS/CTS delay(Online diagnostics OFF)30 msBit error rate better than 1 x 10 -6 at 1.0 µV at 9600 b/sProtocol Transparent to the userDISPLAY and CONTROLS3 status LEDs RX, TX, PWRInternal DIP switch Channel select, test modeDIAGNOSTICSOnline Supply voltage, internal temperature, forward and reverse power, RSSIOffline As for online, plus analog supply voltage, transmit test tonesPROGRAMMABLE FEATURES30 second timeout timer enable, bit rate, word length, parity, compatibility modes, frequency, channel, diagnostics on/off.FCC / ICCERTIFICATIONSFCC IC (DOC)VHFUHF900 MHz
120 10503-201 19 T-96S Technical ManualINDEXAaddressing 3adjustments 11equipment required 11location of controls 14maintenance intervals 11Bbit dribble 10Cchannel selection 9commands 4compatibility 10configuration 1Ddiagnostics 3offline 4online 3, 6Eextended delay 10extended turnoff 10Ffull channel units 12Hhalf channel units 13IID number 3LLED indicators 7Nnetworks 4Ooperation 9Pperformance verification 11RRS-232 signal description 8RS-232 signal levels 7RTS/CTS timing 10Sspecifications 17TT-Base 5

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