CalAmp Wireless Networks 2424096-001 T-96SR 900MHz Transceiver/Modem User Manual HNETmanual

CalAmp Wireless Networks Corporation T-96SR 900MHz Transceiver/Modem HNETmanual

Contents

Modem Manual

T-96HRadio ModemTechnical Manualversion 0.01PRELIMINARYThe entire contents of this manual and the Radio Service Softwaredescribed in this manual are copyright 1998 by DATARADIO Inc.Copyright DATARADIO Inc.August 1998part no.: 120 10504-001
iTable of Contents1. PRODUCT OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................................ 11.1 INTENDED AUDIENCE ................................................................................................................................. 11.2 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................... 11.3 GENERAL DESCRIPTION .............................................................................................................................. 11.4 PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION.............................................................................................................................. 11.5 CONFIGURATION ........................................................................................................................................ 11.6 CATALOG NUMBERS ................................................................................................................................... 21.7 FACTORY TECHNICAL SUPPORT................................................................................................................... 21.8 PRODUCT WARRANTY ................................................................................................................................ 21.9 REPLACEMENT PARTS................................................................................................................................. 21.9.1 Factory Repair.................................................................................................................................. 21.10 DIAGNOSTICS AND REMOTE COMMANDS ................................................................................................. 31.10.1 Addressing.................................................................................................................................... 31.10.2 Online Diagnostics ....................................................................................................................... 31.10.3 Offline Diagnostics....................................................................................................................... 41.10.4 Remote Commands ....................................................................................................................... 41.11 NETWORK CONFIGURATION .................................................................................................................... 41.11.1 Basic Network............................................................................................................................... 41.11.2 Network Using T-Base .................................................................................................................. 51.11.3 Network Using T-Base Repeater ................................................................................................... 51.11.4 Network Using T-96H for Online Diagnostics............................................................................... 62. FEATURES AND OPERATION ................................................................................................................ 71.1 OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................................................. 72.1 INTENDED AUDIENCE ................................................................................................................................. 72.2 FRONT PANEL ............................................................................................................................................ 72.2.1 LED Indicators ................................................................................................................................. 72.3 DTE PORT INTERFACE ............................................................................................................................... 82.3.1 RS-232 Inteface Signal Levels........................................................................................................... 82.3.2 Interface Port.................................................................................................................................... 92.3.3 Interface Signal Description ............................................................................................................. 92.4 CHANNEL SELECTION ............................................................................................................................... 102.5 OPERATION .............................................................................................................................................. 102.5.1 RTS/CTS Timing ............................................................................................................................. 112.5.2 XTAL mode..................................................................................................................................... 112.5.3 Extended Turnoff ............................................................................................................................ 113. ADJUSTMENTS AND MAINTENANCE ................................................................................................ 121.1 OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................................................... 123.1 INTENDED AUDIENCE ............................................................................................................................... 123.2 EQUIPMENT REQUIRED ............................................................................................................................. 123.3 MAINTENANCE INTERVALS ....................................................................................................................... 123.4 T96H ADJUSTMENTS................................................................................................................................ 123.4.1 Preliminary Verification ................................................................................................................. 123.4.2 Basic Adjustments........................................................................................................................... 123.4.3 Tests & ajustments .......................................................................................................................... 123.4.4 Opening the Unit............................................................................................................................. 153.4.5 Location of Adjustments and Test Points......................................................................................... 153.4.5.1 All Models, Logic PCB ..........................................................................................................................154. LOADER/MODEM BOARD CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION ....................................................................... 15
ii4.1 GENERAL.............................................................................................................................................. 154.2 TRANSMIT DATA................................................................................................................................. 154.3 RECEIVE DATA.................................................................................................................................... 164.4 SYNTHESIZER PROGRAMMING......................................................................................................... 164.5 POWER SUPPLIES ................................................................................................................................ 164.6 MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTIONS.......................................................................................................... 165. SPECIFICATIONS.................................................................................................................................... 18INDEX................................................................................................................................................................ 20FIGURE 1 - BASIC NETWORK.................................................................................................................................... 4FIGURE 2 - NETWORK USING T-BASE....................................................................................................................... 5FIGURE 3 - USING A T-BASE REPEATER.................................................................................................................... 5FIGURE 4 - NETWORK WITH MONITORING SITE ........................................................................................................ 6FIGURE 5 - DATA I/O CONNECTOR PINOUT .............................................................................................................. 8FIGURE 6 - DIP SWITCH LOCATION ........................................................................................................................ 10FIGURE 7 - LOGIC BOARD ADJUSTMENTS AND TEST POINTS.................................................................................... 15TABLE 1 - RS-232 SIGNAL LEVELS............................................................................................................................. 8TABLE 2 - CHANNEL SELECTION............................................................................................................................ 10TABLE 3 - RTS / CTS DELAYS.............................................................................................................................. 11TABLE 4 - EXTENDED TURNOFF DELAYS................................................................................................................ 11TABLE 5: TESTS AND ADJUSTMENTS FULL CHANNEL UNITS (25 KHZ & 30 KHZ MODELS)....................................... 13TABLE 6: TESTS AND ADJUSTMENTS HALF CHANNEL UNITS (12.5 KHZ & 15 KHZ MODELS).................................... 14
iiiWhat's New in Version 0.01• First version of the T-96H technical manual based on the latest T-96S technical manual ver 2.01.HistoryVersion 0.01:• Preliminary version.
iv Definitions The following terms are used throughout this document. Item DefinitionBit dribble Extraneous bits delivered at the end of a data transmission. Equivalent to a“squelch tail” in voice systems. DCE Data Communications Equipment. This designation defines the direction (input oroutput) of the various RS-232C interface signals. Modems are always wired asDCE. See also DTE. DTE Data Terminal Equipment. This designation defines the direction (input or output)of the various RS-232C interface signals. Most telemetry and SCADA equipment,as well as PCs, are wired as DTE. See also DCE. HDX Half Duplex. A unit which uses separate transmit and receive frequencies, butwhich may not transmit and receive simultaneously.OFLNDIAG Offline Diagnostics software. This software allows local (T-96S only) and remotediagnostics (T-96S and RNET 9600S).ONDMON Online Diagnostics Monitor software. This software allows online diagnosticsmonitoring of T-96S/DL3276 and RNET 9600S.PLC Programmable Logic Controller. An intelligent device that can make decisions,gather and report information, and control other devices. RS-232 Industry–standard interface for low speed data transfer (EIA-RS-232E).RSS Radio Service Software. This software allows configuration and testing of the T-96S (T96RSS). RTS Request To Send. An RS-232C signal used by most SCADA equipment to initiatea data transmission.RTU Remote Terminal Unit. A SCADA device used to gather information or controlother devices. SCADA Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition. A general term referring to systemsthat gather data and/or perform control operations. Simplex A unit which uses the same frequency for transmit and receive.Transparent A transparent unit transmits all data without regard to special characters, etc. T-96S The DATARADIO T-96S Telemetry Radiomodem. The T-Base is made up of 2 or 3modified T-96S units. DL-3276 The Johnson Data Telemetry (JDT) version of the T96S. T-96H Enhence version of the T-96S capable of 19200 b/s in full channel radio and 9600b/s in half channel radio models.
120 10503-201 PRELIMINARY T-96S Technical Manual11. PRODUCT OVERVIEWThis document provides the information re-quired for the selection, installation, opera-tion and maintenance of the DATARADIO T-96H radiomodem.1.1 Intended AudienceThis document is designed for use by engi-neering design, installation, and maintenancepersonnel.1.2 IntroductionThis chapter provides the information neces-sary to identify and assess the capabilities ofthe T-96H. Connection and operation arealso described.1.3 General DescriptionThe T-96H is a transparent real-time radio-modem designed primarily for SCADA andtelemetry use. The T-96H is available in dif-ferent versions according to radio frequency.Common features to all versions include:• Data speeds of 4800 to 19200 b/s(9600 b/s maximum in half channels)using standard RS-232 interface.• Built–in 8 channel synthesized radiotransceiver for VHF, UHF and900 MHz.• Power output of 1W to 5W (softwarecontrolled).• Half duplex or simplex operation.• Transmit switching via RTS.• On-line diagnostics monitoring• Offline local and remote diagnostics.• Compatible with DATARADIO T-Basefor base station or repeater use.• Compatible with anyDATARADIOInteroperability Standard (DIOS)equipment for data rate up to 9600 b/s.1.4 Physical DescriptionThe T-96H consists of a logic PCB (whichincludes the modem circuitry) and a separateradio module. The two boards plug directlytogether and slide into the rails of an ex-truded aluminum case. The front panel in-cludes the DE-15 data connector and a SMAantenna connector, as well as three LED in-dicators. Power connections are madethrough the DE-15 data connector. The unitis not hermetically sealed and should bemounted in a suitable enclosure where dustand/or a corrosive atmosphere are antici-pated. There are no external switches or ad-justments. Operating parameters are set us-ing software.Channel selection may be done using an in-ternal DIP switch, by strapping the appropri-ate pins on the DE-15 data connector, or byselecting the desired channel using theT96HRSS or the OFLNDIAG.1.5 ConfigurationOperating characteristics of the T-96H areconfigured by means of Radio Service Soft-ware (T96HRSS - p/n 085 03250-xxx)available from your sales representative.Also available is the Offline Diagnosticssoftware (OFLNDIAG) and the Online Di-agnostics Monitor (ONDMON) which giveaccess to offline diagnostics & commands(local and remote) and online diagnosticsmonitoring with or without a T-Base. Bothprograms are MSDOS based and will run onany 486 or higher PC (2 Megabytes memoryrequired).The T-96H requires the use of theT96HRSS for both configuration and ad-justment.INTEROPERABILITY®
120 10503-201 PRELIMINARY T-96S Technical Manual21.6 Catalog Numbers A T-96H may be identified from its catalognumber.CATALOG NUMBERSFormat is TH[radio][band][channel spacing]0radio22 VHF12 UHF92 900band (frequencies in MHz)1380 - 4032403 - 4193419 - 4354132 – 150 435 - 4515150 – 174 450 - 470 928 - 9606464 - 4807480 - 4968496 - 512channel spacing (frequencies in MHz)115.0 12.5 12.5330.0 25.0 25.0For example, a TH12530 is a UHF, 450-470 MHz unit with25 kHz channel spacing.1.7 Factory TechnicalSupport The Technical Support departments ofDATARADIO and Johnson Data Telemetry(JDT) provide customer assistance on techni-cal problems and serve as an interface withfactory repair facilities. They can bereached in the following ways: DATARADIO Inc. 5500 Royalmount Ave, suite 200 Town of Mount Royal Quebec, Canada H4P 1H7 Technical support hours: Monday to Friday9:00 AM to 5:00 PM, Eastern Time,. phone: +1 514 737-0020 fax: +1 514 737-7883Email address: support@dataradio.com Johnson Data Telemetry Corp. Customer Service Department 299 Johnson Avenue, P.O. Box 1733 Waseca, MN 56093-0833 Technical support hours: Monday to Friday9:00 AM to 5:00 PM, Central Time,. phone: 800 992-7774 and +1 507 835-6911 fax: 507 835-6969Email address: support@johnsondata.com1.8 Product Warranty Warranty information may be obtained bycontacting your sales representative.1.9 Replacement Parts This product is normally not field service-able, except by the replacement of completeunits. Specialized equipment and training isrequired to repair logic boards and radiomodules. Contact Technical Support for service infor-mation before returning equipment. A Tech-nical Support representative may suggest asolution eliminating the need to returnequipment.1.9.1 Factory Repair When returning equipment for repair, youmust request an RMA (Returned MaterialAuthorization) number. The Tech Supportrepresentative will ask you several questionsto clearly identify the problem. Please givethe representative the name of a contact per-son who is familiar with the problem, shouldquestions arise during servicing of the unit. Customers are responsible for shippingcharges for returned units. Units in warrantywill be repaired free of charge unless there isevidence of abuse or damage beyond theterms of the warranty. Units out of warrantywill be subject to service charges. Informa-tion about these charges is available fromTechnical Support.
120 10503-201 PRELIMINARY T-96S Technical Manual31.10 Diagnostics and RemoteCommandsDiagnostics and remote commands are proc-essed using the T96H Offline Diagnosticssoftware (OFLNDIAG). Diagnostics can bemonitored using the T96H Online Diagnos-tics Monitor program (ONDMON).The T-96H has the following diagnostic andcommand features:Online diagnostics. Information is automati-cally sent by each unit at the beginningof every transmission. May be disabledfor back compatibility with DATARADIOT-Modem 96 or Motorola RNET 9600.Offline diagnostics. Information is sent by aspecific unit in response to an inquiry bythe master or monitoring station.Remote commands. Commands may be sentby the master or monitoring station toany specific remote unit.1.10.1 AddressingEach T-96H has addressing capability whichis used for diagnostics and remote commandsonly. Two addresses are used:ID Number: This value (maximum 1023) isassigned at the factory but may be modi-fied using the T96RSS. The ID Numberis used to uniquely identify the T-96Hfor remote commands and offline diag-nostics. The ID Number may have val-ues within the range of 1 to 99,999,999but multiples of 1024 should not beused.Short ID: This value is the low order 10 bitsof the ID Number. It is used to identifyonline diagnostics only. It may not bemodified directly using the T96HRSS; itis always derived from the ID Number.All units within a network should haveunique Short ID numbers to avoid ambi-guity in Online Diagnostics reports.Either the T96HRSS or OFLNDIAG may beused to check the value of the Short ID.When setting up a network, we recommendchecking each unit to make sure that there isno duplication of Short ID numbers. Dupli-cations may be resolved by changing the IDNumber.If ID Numbers are set so that their value iswithin the range of 1 to 1023, the ID Numberand the Short ID will always have the samevalue. Customers may find this to be a con-venience.1.10.2 Online DiagnosticsOnline diagnostics (statistics) require the useof a network configuration such as thatspecified in section 1.11.2. or 1.11.4 Onlinediagnostics do not interfere with normal net-work operation. The following information isgathered:• Supply voltage• Internal temperature• Forward and reverse power in watts(T96S models only)• Received signal strength in dBmEach T-96H can accumulate these statisticsfor the last 15 stations heard. The accumu-lated values may be displayed using theOFLNDIAG or dynamically monitored bythe Online Diagnostics Monitor program(ONDMON).
120 10503-201 PRELIMINARY T-96S Technical Manual41.10.3 Offline DiagnosticsOffline diagnostics are statistics returned inresponse to a specific request to a particularstation. The use of this feature requires thatnetwork operation temporarily be suspended.The following information may be gatheredand displayed via the OFLNDIAG:• Supply voltage• Analog supply voltage• Internal temperature• Received signal strength in dBm• Forward and relected power in watts(T96S models only)1.10.4 Remote CommandsThe following commands may be sent re-motely (using the OFLNDIAG).• Begin test transmission (several typesavailable).• Get statistics (diagnostics).• Sample network statistics (monitoringonline diagnostics).• Get parameters (configuration) from re-mote unit.Sending remote commands and receiving re-sponses is done with the host application off-line.1.11 Network ConfigurationThe T-96H is designed to replace wire lines in SCADA, telemetry and control applications. TheRS-232 serial port allows direct connection to PLCs (Programmable Logic Controllers) or RTUs(Remote Terminal Units). Several network configurations are described in the sections that follow.1.11.1 Basic NetworkThis configuration has the following characteristics:• Master station may be half duplex orsimplex.• Online diagnostics are not available inreal time.• Remote and local diagnostics, accumu-lated online diagnostics and control areavailable by disconnecting the masterPLC and substituting a PC running theT96H Offline Diagnostics software(OFLNDIAG).PLCMasterPLC T96HT96HT96HPLCFigure 1 - Basic Network
120 10503-201 PRELIMINARY T-96S Technical Manual51.11.2 Network Using T-BaseThis configuration has the following characteristics:• Master station may be full duplex (du-plexer required), half duplex or simplex.• Online diagnostics are available usingthe Online Diagnostics Monitor pro-gram (ONDMON) without disruptingnetwork activity.• Remote and local diagnostics, statisticsand control are available using the T-96H OFLNDIAG.• The T-Base provides output of onlinediagnostic information which could beprocessed by the T-96H ONDMON pro-gram or by a user-supplied networkmanagement program. Contact yoursales representative for further informa-tion.1.11.3 Network Using T-Base RepeaterThis configuration has the following characteristics:• Master station and all remotes must behalf duplex.• Any of the network types described insections 1.11.1, 1.11.2 or 1.11.4 may beused with a T-Base repeater.• The RTS/CTS delays for each T-96H inthe system must be extended as shown insection 2.5.1PLCMasterPLCT96HT96HT-BasePC for onlinediagnostics PLCFigure 2 - Network Using T-BasePLCMasterPLC T96HT96HT-BaserepeaterduplexerFigure 3 - Using a T-Base Repeater
120 10503-201 PRELIMINARY T-96S Technical Manual61.11.4 Network Using T-96H for Online DiagnosticsThis configuration has the following characteristics:• Master station may be half duplex orsimplex.• Accumulated online diagnostics for amaximum of 15 stations are available ata monitoring site (monitoring site mustbe in range of all remotes).• Online diagnostics are available in realtime at the monitoring site.• Remote offline diagnostics, statistics andcontrol are available from the monitoringsite by temporarily disabling networkactivity.Online diagnostics are accumulated in themonitoring T-96H for the last 15 stationsheard. This information may be viewed usingthe OFLNDIAG. For larger networks, the T-96H can output raw diagnostic data only,which may be interpreted for network man-agement by the Dataradio ONDMON pro-gram or by a user-supplied software pro-gram. Contact your sales representatives formore information.PLCMasterPLC T96HT96HT96HT96HPC for onlinediagnostics PLCFigure 4 - Network with Monitoring Site
120 10503-201 PRELIMINARY T-96S Technical Manual72. Features and Opera-tion2.1 OverviewThis chapter outlines the physical features,connections and theory of operation of the T-96H.2.1 Intended AudienceThis chapter is intended for use by engineer-ing design, installation, and maintenance per-sonnel.2.2 Front Panel The front panel includes:• One SMA type female antenna connec-tor.• Three LED indicators (described below).• One DE-15F interface (includes powerconnections)T-96HRXTXPWRINTEROPERABILITY®DATA TELEMETRY®2.2.1 LED IndicatorsThe T-96H has three LED indicators asshown described:LED Indicates DescriptionGreen Power DC Power is applied.Flashinggreen Setup mode Unit is in setup mode.Red Transmit Unit is transmitting adata signal.Yellow Receive Unit is receiving a datasignal.151110651Pin Name Pin Name Pin Name1Ground 6Ground 11 CS 02RX Data 7CTS 12 CS 13TX Data 8RTS 13 CS 24TestAudio 9DCD 14 RSSI5B+ Power 10 B+ Power 15 DTR
120 10503-201 PRELIMINARY T-96S Technical Manual82.3 DTE Port Interface2.3.1 RS-232 Inteface SignalLevelsIn the descriptions of data signals, the fol-lowing conventions are used:Table 1 - RS-232 Signal LevelsTerm Alternates Signal levelON asserted, spacing +3 to +15 VOFF dropped, marking -3 to -15 V Figure 5 - Data I/O Connector Pinout
120 10503-201 PRELIMINARY T-96S Technical Manual92.3.2 Interface PortThe T-96H signals are defined as DCE.Connection to user DTE is made via a DE-15 female connector. This connection meetsthe DATARADIO Interoperability Standard(DIOS).Users can build a suitable cable by referringto the connector pinout and the Interface Sig-nal Description given in the next section. Acable for connection to a PC AT type DE-9connector is available from DATARADIO asp/n 730 03267-001.Important Note: The T96H RSS kit, used toconfigure the T-96H, includes a special setupcable, p/n 730 03266-001. Do not use thiscable to connect a user application. Doingso will result in the T-96H switching to“setup mode”, in which case it will nottransmit or receive user data. The green LEDflashes to indicate that the unit is in thismode.2.3.3 Interface Signal DescriptionB+ power (input). 10 - 16 VDC (13.3Vnominal), maximum 2 A.RX Data. Received data from T-96H toDTE.TX Data. Transmit data from DTE toT-96H.CTS. Clear to Send. Asserted when theT-96H is ready to accept TX Data.RTS. Request to Send. Causes the T-96H to transmit when asserted by theDTE.DCD. Data Carrier Detect. Asserted bythe T-96H when a data signal is beingreceived.DTR. Data Terminal Ready. Asserted bythe T96HRSS/OFLNDIAG to selectsetup mode. Do not connect to this pinfor user applications.Test Audio. Output signal used duringadjustment and testing.RSSI. Output signal used during testing.
120 10503-201 PRELIMINARY T-96S Technical Manual102.4 Channel SelectionChannel frequencies for 8 channels are se-lected using the T96HRSS. Once selected,the current operating channel may be selectedin one of three ways:1. By setting the channel on the internalDIP switch. CS0 to CS2 on the inter-face connector must be left discon-nected.2. By strapping connections on the interfaceconnector. There is a 10KΩ pull up re-sistor on each line (CS0 to CS2). TheDIP switch channel settings must be allOFF.3. By selecting the channel from theT96RSS or the OFLNDIAG programs.The DIP switch channel settings mustbe all OFF and CS0 to CS2 on the in-terface connector must be discon-nected (open).Table 2 - Channel SelectionChannel SW1-3 SW1-2 SW1-1 CS 2 CS 1 CS 01on on on gnd gnd gnd2on on off gnd gnd open3on off on gnd open gnd4on off off gnd open open5off on on open gnd gnd6off on off open gnd open7off off on open open gnd8off off off open open openIn the table, “gnd” indicates that the pin should be connected to ground (pin 1 or 6)2.5 OperationThe T-96H operates transparently at thespeed set using the Radio Service Software(T96HRSS) and is designed to operate unat-tended. Basic operation is as follows.1. The DTE starts a data transfer by as-serting RTS. CTS is returned after thetransmitter has been keyed and a modemsynchronization preamble sent.See Table 3 - RTS / CTS Delays foractual value.2. Data are transmitted as long as RTS isasserted and the PTT timer, if enabled,has not expired. RTS can be droppedafter the last stop bit of the last characterhas been given to the T-96H. CTS willbe dropped when the last character hasbeen transmitted on the network.SW1Figure 6 - DIP switch location
120 10503-201 PRELIMINARY T-96S Technical Manual113. In the idle mode, i.e. no transmission orreception, RX Data will be held in theidle (i.e. “marking”) condition.4. When a valid radio data signal is re-ceived, DCD will be asserted and datawill be delivered.5. When the radio carrier is dropped, the T-96H will clamp RX Data idle (marking)again and drop DCD. At 19200 b/s afew extraneous bits may be delivered af-ter the carrier is dropped (sometimescalled “bit dribble”). User softwareshould take this possibility into account.2.5.1 RTS/CTS TimingThe T-96H asserts CTS after RTS has beenasserted and a sufficient time has elapsed toallow modem synchronization. The times arefixed at the factory and are not user–adjust-able.Repeater mode (Extended time) must be set(via the T96HRSS) if the unit is to commu-nicate through a repeater.Times are increased if online diagnostics areenabled, as shown in the columns diag. on.Table 3 - RTS / CTS DelaysRTS/CTS delay (normal) RTS/CTS delay (extended)Speed diag. off diag. on diag. off diag. on1200 b/s 50 ms 144 ms 80 ms 174 ms2400 b/s 40 ms 87 ms 70 ms 117 ms4800 b/s 30 ms 54 ms 60 ms 84 ms9600 b/s 30 ms 41 ms 60 ms 71 ms19200 b/s 30 ms 36 ms 60 ms 66 ms2.5.2 XTAL modeThis mode extends all RTS/CTS delays by 5ms for compatibility with earlier, crystalcontrolled products (T-Modem 96, RNet9600). Select this mode from the T96RSS.2.5.3 Extended TurnoffAn end–of–transmission quiet period ap-proximately 8 characters long can be invokedon the T-96H by holding its tranmitter onbriefly after RTS is dropped. This quiet pe-riod, which occurs between the last validdata character and any possible extraneous“noise” bits, may be of benefit to some DTEthat would otherwise be adversely affectedby the extraneous bits. This quiet period isselected via the T96RSS.Table 4 - Extended Turnoff DelaysSpeed Quiet “turnoff” period1200 b/s 70 ms2400 b/s 35 ms4800 b/s 16 ms9600 b/s 8 ms19200 b/s 4 ms
120 10503-201 PRELIMINARY T-96S Technical Manual123. Adjustments andMaintenance1.1 OverviewThis chapter outlines the basic adjustment proce-dures required upon initial installation and there-after at prescribed maintenance intervals. Unitsare delivered from the factory properly alignedand tested on the frequencies specified at time oforder. Adjustment beyond that described in thischapter is not required unless radio modules havebeen tampered with or repaired. In such cases werecommend complete factory re-alignment asspecial test jigs are required.3.1 Intended AudienceThis chapter is intended for use by installationand maintenance personnel.3.2 Equipment RequiredThe adjustments described below require the fol-lowing equipment:• 13.3 VDC (nominal), 3A regulated powersupply.• Radio service monitor (IFR or equivalent).• Cable with SMA-male connector to connectT-96H to the service monitor.• T96H Radio Service Software (T96HRSS)kit, including setup cable (p/n 085 03250-xxx)• A 486 PC (or better) to run the T96HRSS.• Normal radio shop tools.3.3 Maintenance IntervalsThe adjustments described below should be doneonce upon initial installation of the unit, andthereafter at annual intervals or whenever a dete-rioration in performance indicates that adjust-ment may be required.3.4 T96H Adjustments3.4.1 Preliminary VerificationBefore performing any adjustments, verify theperformance of the unit as shown in the Table 5for full channel units in the Table 6 for halfchannel units.Important Note: Before proceeding make surethat the service monitor has been calibratedrecently and has warmed up for at least thetime specified by its manufacturer.Some reported frequency and deviation problemshave actually been erroneous indications fromservice monitors that have not adequatelywarmed up. This is particularly likely when fieldservice is done during winter months.3.4.2 Basic AdjustmentsBasic adjustments to be performed are:1. Transmitter power output2. TX/RX frequency3. Transmitter deviation4. Demodulated audio levelThese adjustments should be performed in thesequence shown above.3.4.3 Tests & ajustmentsRefer to the T96HRSS help file for parameterinformation.1. Connect the T-96H antenna connector to theTX/RX input of the service monitor using asuitable length of 50 ohm cable.2. Connect the T-96H to a suitable power sup-ply and adjust the supply voltage to 13.3volts.3. Using the setup cable (p/n 730 03266-001;part of kit 085 03250-xxx) connect theT-96H Data connector to the serial port of aPC and run the T96HRSS program. This ca-ble is required to put the T-96H into setupmode.4. Press GET to get the configuration of theunit.5. Refer to “Tests and Adjustments” tables re-lated to the radio type (half or full channel).
120 10503-201 PRELIMINARY T-96S Technical Manual13 Table 5: Tests and Adjustments full channel units (25 KHz & 30 Khz models)STEP ACTION EXPECTEDRESULTS at25°°CMEASUREWITH IF NOT?1Output PowerPress PTT Channel x5 watts 1+10%, -20%Service monitorset to readpowerCheck T96HRSS maximumpower output setting: mustbe set to 255 (means 5W)Refer to factory techsupport.2Frequency ErrorPress PTT Channel x±300 Hz Service monitorset to read fre-quency errorOpen the unit (see 3.4.4)Adjust the Frequency Ad-just control on the TCXO 23DeviationPress PTT Channel x±4.0 kHz 3+5%, -10%Service monitorset to read de-viation with mid(15 - 30 kHz) IFfilter.Using T96HRSS, adjust TXdeviation with the up/downarrows.4Set the service monitor to generate a -80 dBm signal on the selected receive frequency. Thesignal should be modulated with a 1.0 kHz tone.5Demodulated Audio• For 9600 b/s setgenerator deviationto ±2.5 kHz.• For 1200 - 4800 b/sset generator devia-tion to ±4.0 kHz.2.0 ±0.2 Vpp Oscilloscopeconnected topin 4 of the dataI/O connector. 4Using T96HRSS, adjustreceive audio level with theup/down arrows.612 dB SINADSet deviation to ±3 kHz.Set IF filter to mid (15-30 kHz), no audio filter.≤ 0.5 µV 5Service monitorset for SINAD.Connect to pin4 of the dataI/O connector 4.Refer to factory technicalsupport.7DistortionSet deviation to ±3 kHz.Set IF filter to mid (15-30 kHz), no audio filter.< 3% Service monitorset for Distor-tion. Connect topin 4 of the dataI/O connector 4.Refer to factory technicalsupport.1(unless you have set a lower value). Note that readings less than 5 watts may be due to losses in the cables used for testing.Check also your wattmeter frequency calibration curve. Do not be too ready to condemn the transmitter.2The TCXO adjustment is accessible through the hole next to the DIP switch on the logic board.3The unit is automatically set to 19200 b/s (Bt.3) for this procedure. If the unit is later used at 9600 b/s (Bt.5) or 4800 b/s, thedeviation be will automatically set to ±3.0 kHz and ±4.0kHz respectively.4Pin 4 is accessible by removing the cable connector hood. If you anticipate frequent need for access to this pin, solder a shortinsulated lead to that pin on the cable connector and replace the hood. (The same signal is available at TP1 on the logicboard if the unit is open).5If a psophometrically weighted filter is available on the service monitor, use 0.35 µV.
120 10503-201 PRELIMINARY T-96S Technical Manual14Table 6: Tests and Adjustments half channel units (12.5 kHz & 15 Khz models)STEP ACTION EXPECTEDRESULTS at25°°CMEASUREWITH IF NOT?1Output PowerPress PTT Channel x5 watts 1+10%, -20%Service monitorset to readpowerCheck T96RSS maximumpower output setting: mustbe set to 255 (means 5W)Refer to factory techsupport.2Frequency ErrorPress PTT Channel x±300 Hz Service monitorset to read fre-quency errorOpen the uniit (see 3.4.4)Adjust the Frequency Ad-just control on the TCXO 23DeviationPress PTT Channel x±3.0 kHz 3+5%, -10%Service monitorset to read de-viation with mid(15 - 30 kHz) IFfilter.Using T96HRSS, adjust TXdeviation with the up/downarrows.4Set the service monitor to generate a -80 dBm signal on the selected receive frequency. Thesignal should be modulated with a 1.0 kHz tone.5Demodulated AudioFor 1200 - 4800 b/s setgenerator deviation to±2.0 kHz.2.0 ±0.2 Vpp Oscilloscopeconnected topin 4 of the dataI/O connector. 4Using T96HRSS, adjustreceive audio level with theup/down arrows.612 dB SINADSet deviation to 1.5kHz.Set IF filter to mid (15-30 kHz), no audio filter.≤ 0.5 µV 5Service monitorset for SINAD.Connect to pin4 of the dataI/O connector 4.Refer to factory technicalsupport.7DistortionSet deviation to 1.5kHz.Set IF filter to mid (15-30 kHz), no audio filter.< 3% Service monitorset for Distor-tion. Connect topin 4 of the dataI/O connector 4.Refer to factory technicalsupport.1(unless you have set a lower value). Note that readings less than 5 watts may be due to losses in the cables used fortesting. Check also your wattmeter frequency calibration curve. Do not be too ready to condemn the transmitter.2The TCXO adjustment is accessible through the hole next to the DIP switch on the logic board.3The unit is automatically set to 9600 b/s (Bt.3) for this procedure. This T96H model has not been designed tooperate at 19200 b/s using half channel radios. If the unit is later used at 4800 b/s (Bt.5), the deviation will beautomatically set to ±2.0 kHz.4Pin 4 is accessible by removing the cable connector hood. If you anticipate frequent need for access to this pin,solder a short insulated lead to that pin on the cable connector and replace the hood. (The same signal is availableat TP1 on the logic board if the unit is open).5If a psophometrically weighted filter is available on the service monitor, use 0.35 µV.
120 10503-201 PRELIMINARY T-96S Technical Manual153.4.4 Opening the Unit1. Remove the two retaining nuts from thedata I/O connector, and the nut andwasher from the antenna connector.2. Remove the four screws holding the rearpanel heat sink.3. Slide the unit out of the case from therear.3.4.5 Location of Adjustmentsand Test Points3.4.5.1 All Models, Logic PCB Adjustments and test points are shown be-low.Figure 7 - Logic Board Adjustments and Test Points4. Loader/Modem BoardCircuit Description4.1 GENERALThe Loader/Modem board, Part No.03280-xxx, is a plug-in circuit board.The four main functions of theLoader/Modem board include, loadingthe radio synthesizer, providing the base-band modulating signal for the transmit-ter and demodulating receive audio sig-nals. The Loader/Modem board is pro-grammed by a personal computer andsoftware. The Loader/Modem boardconnects to the radio through 14-pinconnector P1/J201. User data, pro-gramming channels and other operatingparameters are provided through a DE-15 connector. A block diagram of themodem is shown at the end of this sec-tion.4.2 TRANSMIT DATATransmit Data from the RS-232 port islevel-shifted to TTL by U1, then gatedthrough U6 and converted from asyn-chronous to synchronous format by U2.The CPLD modem, U6 takes the digitaldata stream and synthesizes to the con-stant-amplitude analog baseband signal,which is filtered by U12, buffered byU10B then applied to radio module TXAat P1-6.The modem IC is a CPLD based on aPhilips eXtended Programmable LogicArray (XPLA, PZ5128) which, with aprogrammable Raise–Cosine filter (U12),Access Hole for TCXOSW1L1TP2TP4Y1U3U6U2U1U4TP1TP3U5J1
120 10503-201 PRELIMINARY T-96S Technical Manual16operates in DRCMSK1 mode at 4800,9600 and 19200 bits/sec. It incorporatesa 7-bit hardware scrambler and usesDifferential (NRZI) encoding inDRCMSK mode to minimize data pat-tern-sensitivity. Electronic potentiometerU9B (E-Pot), controlled by CPU U5, isused to set the transmitter deviation byamplitude adjustment of the basebandsignal.4.3 RECEIVE DATAReceived signals are applied to the RXApin on P1-13 and amplified by U7A,whose gain is set by the electronic po-tentiometer U9A, then filtered by U12.The same filter circuit is used for trans-mission and reception: two analog multi-plexer/demultiplexer gates (U11 A andB) controlled by TX_EN line are usedfor sharing. The filter U12 cut-off fre-quency is programmable by the CPU,based on the data rate. The analog signalis then fed to Peak Detectors U7C andU7D, to the slicer circuit U8C via U7Band U8B. The resulting synchronous bitstream is converted to asynchronous atU2 and shifted to RS-232 levels by U1.4.4 SYNTHESIZERPROGRAMMINGThe CPU programs the RF module syn-thesizer serially on each Tx/Rx transi-tion. Logic of U1 and U11A/B switchthe receive and transmit data path fromthe modem to the radio and/or the exter-nal serial port, under CPU control. TheCPU also controls the sync/async con- 1 DRCMSK = Differential Raise Cosine MinimumShift Keyingverter U2, the filter cut-off frequency,the serial port handshake lines, and theLED indicators via Q1-3.Three channel select inputs, ESD pro-tected by D1,2,3, in parallel with the on-board DIP switches, are read by the CPUto select the active channel. The fourthDIP switch puts the unit in TEST mode,which sends a test, tone (data rate/4).4.5 POWER SUPPLIESThe main DC power (13.3V nom.) com-ing from J1.5,10 is filtered out for tran-zient and then sent directly to power-upthe radio module at P1.2. VoltageRegulator U14 (AVCC) provides 5 Vfor the receiver RX_5V and analog mo-dem circuitry, while U13 (DVCC) pro-vides 5V for the CPU and other digitallogic.4.6 MISCELLANEOUSFUNCTIONSU4 generates a power-on reset for theCPU and U3 is a temperature sensorused by the firmware to compensate forvariations in RSSI.The RF module’s RSSI output, P1-12, isread by an analog input on the CPU,which implements a squelch threshold insoftware. Other analog inputs are usedto read ambient temperature (used tocorrect RSSI variations) and various in-ternal voltages (B+_LVL, AVCC, etc.).The DTR_PGM input, J2-10, puts theCPU in programming mode in which theCPU accepts commands and setup datafrom the Radio Service Software.
120 10503-201 PRELIMINARY T-96S Technical Manual17CONTROL BUSU3MONITORINGSIO 2SIO 1CTCU5 U6 U8A U7ARXAU8DPEAKDETECTU7C,D,B CPLDModemRXSDRIVERU1RCVRDE15RXDCTSDCDDTRTXDRTSSYNTHESIZERTX SUPPLYRX SUPPLYMODEMCPURS232Y1DIAGNOSTICSRSSIRADIOMODULEPOWER SUPPLYLEDSDIP SWITCHESTEMPERATUREVOLTAGES 5.0V13.3VRESETU10C U10DU2SYNC-ASYNCCONVERTERU13,U14,F1RESETRAMROMW.DOGDIGITALI/OA/DLogic GatesU4TXATXAE-PotU9BE-PotU9AU10BU8BSlicerLevelU8CControlledby CPU'TX_ENLine U12Figure 8 – Logic / Modem board Block Diagram
120 10503-201 PRELIMINARY T-96S Technical Manual185. SpecificationsGENERALVHF UHF 900 MHzFrequency 132 - 174 MHz 403 - 512 MHz 928 - 960 MHzChannel spacing 15 or 30 kHz 12.5 or 25 kHz 12.5 or 25 kHzOperating temperature -30°C to +60°CSupply voltage 10 - 16 VDC (applied through the interface connector)RX Current at 13.3 VDC 120 mA 125 mA 135 mATX Current at 13.3 VDC 1.6 A 1.8 A 2.3 ARX/TX bandwidth 18 MHz (132 - 150)24 MHz (150 - 174)16 MHz except20 MHz (450 - 470)32 MHzNominal Dimensions 2.25” (H) x 3.25” (W) x 4.75” (L)RF connector SMA-FInterface connector DE-15F high density D-subminiatureRECEIVERVHF UHF 900 MHzSensitivity (12 dB SINAD) < 0.35 µV *Selectivity (25 or 30 kHz) 75 dB typical70 dB minimum72 dB typical65 dB minimumSelectivity (12.5 or 15 kHz) 65 dB typical60 dB minimum63 dB typical60 dB minimumIntermodulation 75 dB typical70 dB minimum72 dB typical70 dB minimumSpurious rejection 75 dB typical70 dB minimum75 dB typical70 dB minimumFM hum & noise -48 dB typical *-45 dB max (30 kHz) *-40 dB max (15 kHz) *-40 dB max (25 kHz)*-35 dB max (12.5 kHz)*Conducted spurious < -57 dBm maximum* psophometrically weighted filterTRANSMITTERVHF UHF 900 MHzPower output 1 - 5 watts 1 - 5 watts 1 - 5 wattsSpurious and harmonics -63 dBc (-26 dBm) typ-57dBc (-20 dBm) max-75 dBc (-38 dBm) typ-63dBc (-26 dBm) max-75 dBc (-38 dBm) typ-57 dBc (-20 dBm) maxFrequency stability 2.5 ppm 1.5 ppmFM hum and noise -50 dB typ (30 kHz)-45 dB max (30 kHz)-40 dB max (15 kHz)-50 dB typical (25 kHz)-45 dB max 25 kHz)-40 dB max (12.5 kHz)-50 dB typ (25 kHz)-40 dB max (25 kHz)-35 dB max (12.5 kHz)Attack time < 7 msDuty cycle 50% at full power, 30 seconds maximum transmit time
120 10503-201 PRELIMINARY T-96S Technical Manual19MODEM OPERATIONInterface EIA RS-232COperation Simplex/half duplexData rates 4800 b/s 9600 b/s 19200 b/sModulation type DRCMSK DRCMSK DRCMSKRTS/CTS delay(Online diagnostics OFF)30 msBit error rate better than 1 x 10 -6 at 1.0 µV at 9600 b/sProtocol Transparent to the userDISPLAY and CONTROLS3 status LEDs RX, TX, PWRInternal DIP switch Channel select, test modeDIAGNOSTICSOnline Supply voltage, internal temperature, forward and reverse power, RSSIOffline As for online, plus analog supply voltage, transmit test tonesPROGRAMMABLE FEATURES30 second timeout timer enable, bit rate, word length, parity, compatibility modes, frequency, channel, diagnostics on/off.FCC / ICCERTIFICATIONSFCC IC (DOC)VHFUHF900 MHz
120 10503-201 20 T-96S Technical ManualINDEXAaddressing 3adjustments 11equipment required 11location of controls 14maintenance intervals 11Bbit dribble 10Cchannel selection 9commands 4compatibility 10configuration 1Ddiagnostics 3offline 4online 3, 6Eextended delay 10extended turnoff 10Ffull channel units 12Hhalf channel units 13IID number 3LLED indicators 7Nnetworks 4Ooperation 9Pperformance verification 11RRS-232 signal description 8RS-232 signal levels 7RTS/CTS timing 10Sspecifications 17TT-Base 5

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