Cambium Networks XI-N300 802.11abgn 2x2 Module User Manual xirrus PDF

Xirrus, Inc. 802.11abgn 2x2 Module xirrus PDF

UserManual.wiki >

Cambium Networks >

XI-N300 User Manual >

Manual part 1

All rights reserved. This document may not be reproduced or disclosed in whole or in part by any means without the written consent of Xirrus, Inc.Part Number: 800-0022-001(Revision A) Wi-Fi ArrayXR Series™

Wi-Fi ArrayiTable of ContentsList of Figures...................................................................................... xiIntroduction ......................................................................................... 1The Xirrus Family of Products ............................................................................... 1Nomenclature .................................................................................................... 3About this User’s Guide .......................................................................................... 4Organization ...................................................................................................... 4Notes and Cautions .......................................................................................... 6Screen Images .................................................................................................... 6Your User’s Guide as a PDF Document ........................................................ 6Hyperlinks ......................................................................................................... 6Why Choose the Xirrus Wi-Fi Array? ................................................................... 6Wi-Fi Array Product Overview ............................................................................. 7Enterprise Class Security ................................................................................. 8Deployment Flexibility .................................................................................... 9Power over Gigabit Ethernet (PoGE) .................................................... 10Enterprise Class Management ...................................................................... 10Key Features and Benefits ..................................................................................... 12High Capacity and High Performance ........................................................ 12Extended Coverage ......................................................................................... 12Non-Overlapping Channels .......................................................................... 13SDMA Optimization ...................................................................................... 13Fast Roaming ................................................................................................... 13Easy Deployment ............................................................................................ 13Secure Wireless Access .................................................................................. 13Applications Enablement .............................................................................. 14Advanced Feature Sets .......................................................................................... 14Xirrus Advanced RF Performance Manager (RPM) .................................. 14Xirrus Advanced RF Security Manager (RSM) .......................................... 15Xirrus Advanced RF Analysis Manager (RAM) ......................................... 16Installing the Wi-Fi Array ................................................................. 19Installation Prerequisites ...................................................................................... 19

Wi-Fi ArrayiiOptional Network Components ................................................................... 21Client Requirements ....................................................................................... 21Planning Your Installation .................................................................................... 22General Deployment Considerations .......................................................... 22Coverage and Capacity Planning ................................................................. 24Placement .................................................................................................. 24RF Patterns ................................................................................................ 25Capacity and Cell Sizes ........................................................................... 27Fine Tuning Cell Sizes ............................................................................. 28Roaming Considerations ........................................................................ 29Allocating Channels ................................................................................ 29Deployment Examples ............................................................................ 32IEEE 802.11n Deployment Considerations ................................................. 34MIMO (Multiple-In Multiple-Out) ........................................................ 35Multiple Data Streams — Spatial Multiplexing ................................... 37Channel Bonding ..................................................................................... 38Improved MAC Throughput ................................................................. 39Short Guard Interval ............................................................................... 39Obtaining Higher Data Rates ................................................................. 40802.11n Capacity ...................................................................................... 41Failover Planning ............................................................................................ 42Port Failover Protection .......................................................................... 42Switch Failover Protection ..................................................................... 43Power Planning ............................................................................................... 44Power over Gigabit Ethernet ................................................................. 44Security Planning ............................................................................................ 45Wireless Encryption ................................................................................ 45Authentication ......................................................................................... 45Meeting PCI DSS Standards ................................................................... 46Meeting FIPS Standards ......................................................................... 46Port Requirements .......................................................................................... 48Network Management Planning .................................................................. 51WDS Planning ................................................................................................. 52Common Deployment Options .................................................................... 55Installation Workflow ........................................................................................... 56Installing Your Wi-Fi Array .................................................................................. 58Choosing a Location ....................................................................................... 58

Wi-Fi ArrayiiiWiring Considerations ............................................................................ 59Mounting the Array ....................................................................................... 61Dismounting the Array .................................................................................. 61Powering Up the Wi-Fi Array .............................................................................. 62Array LED Operating Sequences ................................................................. 63LED Boot Sequence ................................................................................. 63LED Operation when Array is Running .............................................. 64Establishing Communication with the Array .................................................... 65Using the Serial Port ....................................................................................... 65Using the Ethernet Ports ................................................................................ 65Starting the WMI ............................................................................................. 66Logging In ........................................................................................................ 66Entering the License .............................................................................................. 66Performing the Express Setup Procedure ........................................................... 68Procedure for Performing an Express Setup .............................................. 69The Web Management Interface ................................................... 75An Overview .......................................................................................................... 76Structure of the WMI ............................................................................................. 77User Interface ......................................................................................................... 79Utility Buttons .......................................................................................... 81Logging In ............................................................................................................... 83Applying Configuration Changes ....................................................................... 83Character Restrictions .................................................................................... 84Viewing Status on the Wi-Fi Array.................................................. 85Array Status Windows .......................................................................................... 86Array Summary .............................................................................................. 86Content of the Array Summary Window ............................................ 87Array Information .......................................................................................... 90Array Configuration ....................................................................................... 91Admin History ................................................................................................ 92Network Status Windows ..................................................................................... 92Network ........................................................................................................... 93Network Map .................................................................................................. 94Content of the Network Map Window ................................................ 94Spanning Tree Status ...................................................................................... 97

Wi-Fi ArrayivRouting Table .................................................................................................. 98ARP Table ........................................................................................................ 98DHCP Leases ................................................................................................... 99Connection Tracking/NAT ........................................................................... 99CDP Neighbors ............................................................................................. 100Network Assurance ...................................................................................... 101RF Monitor Windows .......................................................................................... 102IAPs ................................................................................................................. 103Spectrum Analyzer ...................................................................................... 104Intrusion Detection ...................................................................................... 107Channel History ............................................................................................ 109Station Status Windows ...................................................................................... 111Stations ........................................................................................................... 112Location Map ................................................................................................. 113RSSI ................................................................................................................. 118Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) ........................................................................ 120Noise Floor ..................................................................................................... 122Max by IAP .................................................................................................... 124Station Assurance ......................................................................................... 125Statistics Windows ............................................................................................... 126IAP Statistics Summary ................................................................................ 126Per-IAP Statistics ........................................................................................... 127Network Statistics ......................................................................................... 129VLAN Statistics ............................................................................................. 130WDS Statistics ................................................................................................ 131Filter Statistics ............................................................................................... 132Station Statistics ............................................................................................ 132Per-Station Statistics ..................................................................................... 133System Log Window ........................................................................................... 134IDS Event Log Window ...................................................................................... 135Configuring the Wi-Fi Array .......................................................... 137Express Setup ........................................................................................................ 139Network ................................................................................................................. 146Network Interfaces ...................................................................................... 147DNS Settings .................................................................................................. 153CDP Settings .................................................................................................. 154

Wi-Fi ArrayvServices .................................................................................................................. 156Time Settings (NTP) ..................................................................................... 157NetFlow .......................................................................................................... 159Wi-Fi Tag ....................................................................................................... 161System Log ..................................................................................................... 162SNMP .............................................................................................................. 165DHCP Server ................................................................................................. 168VLANs ................................................................................................................... 171Understanding Virtual Tunnels .......................................................... 171VLAN Management ..................................................................................... 173Security .................................................................................................................. 175Understanding Security ........................................................................ 176Certificates and Connecting Securely to the WMI ............................ 179Using the Array’s Default Certificate ................................................. 180Using an External Certificate Authority ............................................. 181Admin Management .................................................................................... 181Admin Privileges .......................................................................................... 183Admin RADIUS ............................................................................................ 185About Creating Admin Accounts on the RADIUS Server ............. 185Management Control ................................................................................... 188Access Control List ....................................................................................... 195Global Settings .............................................................................................. 197External Radius ............................................................................................. 200About Creating User Accounts on the RADIUS Server .................. 201Internal Radius .............................................................................................. 204Rogue Control List ........................................................................................ 206SSIDs ...................................................................................................................... 208Understanding SSIDs ............................................................................ 209Understanding QoS Priority on the Wi-Fi Array .............................. 210SSID Management ........................................................................................ 213SSID List (top of page) .......................................................................... 214SSID Limits ............................................................................................. 218Web Page Redirect Configuration Settings ....................................... 219WPA Configuration Settings .............................................................. 223RADIUS Configuration Settings ......................................................... 224Active IAPs .................................................................................................... 225Per-SSID Access Control List ...................................................................... 226

Wi-Fi ArrayviGroups ................................................................................................................... 228Understanding Groups ......................................................................... 228Using Groups ......................................................................................... 229Group Management ..................................................................................... 230Group Limits .......................................................................................... 232IAPs ........................................................................................................................ 234Understanding Fast Roaming .............................................................. 235IAP Settings ................................................................................................... 237Global Settings (IAP) ................................................................................... 243Beacon Configuration ........................................................................... 245Station Management ............................................................................. 245Advanced Traffic Optimization .......................................................... 246Global Settings .11a ...................................................................................... 250Global Settings .11bg .................................................................................... 254Global Settings .11n ...................................................................................... 259Advanced RF Settings .................................................................................. 262About Standby Mode ............................................................................ 262RF Monitor .............................................................................................. 263RF Resilience .......................................................................................... 263RF Power & Sensitivity ......................................................................... 264RF Spectrum Management ................................................................... 265Station Assurance .................................................................................. 267Intrusion Detection ....................................................................................... 270DoS Attacks ............................................................................................ 271Impersonation Attacks .......................................................................... 272About Blocking Rogue APs .................................................................. 273RF Intrusion Detection and Auto Block Mode .................................. 273DoS Attack Detection Settings ............................................................. 274Impersonation Detection Settings ....................................................... 275LED Settings .................................................................................................. 276WDS ....................................................................................................................... 278About Configuring WDS Links ........................................................... 278Long Distance Links .............................................................................. 279WDS Client Links .......................................................................................... 280Filters ..................................................................................................................... 283Filter Lists ...................................................................................................... 284Filter Management ....................................................................................... 286

Wi-Fi ArrayviiClusters .................................................................................................................. 289Cluster Definition ........................................................................................ 290Cluster Management ................................................................................... 291Cluster Operation ........................................................................................ 292Using Tools on the Wi-Fi Array..................................................... 295System Tools ......................................................................................................... 296About Licensing and Upgrades ........................................................... 297System ..................................................................................................... 298Automatic Updates from Remote Image or Configuration File .... 299Configuration ......................................................................................... 300Diagnostics ............................................................................................. 302Web Page Redirect ................................................................................. 304Network Tools ........................................................................................ 305Progress and Status Frames ................................................................. 307CLI ......................................................................................................................... 308Options .................................................................................................................. 309Logout .................................................................................................................... 312The Command Line Interface ...................................................... 313Establishing a Secure Shell (SSH) Connection ................................................. 313Getting Started with the CLI .............................................................................. 315Inputting Commands ................................................................................... 315Getting Help .................................................................................................. 315Top Level Commands ......................................................................................... 317Root Command Prompt ............................................................................... 317configure Commands ................................................................................... 318show Commands .......................................................................................... 321statistics Commands ..................................................................................... 324Configuration Commands .................................................................................. 326acl .................................................................................................................... 326admin .............................................................................................................. 327cdp ................................................................................................................... 328clear ................................................................................................................. 329cluster ............................................................................................................. 330contact-info .................................................................................................... 331date-time ........................................................................................................ 332

Wi-Fi Arrayviiidhcp-server .................................................................................................... 333dns ................................................................................................................... 334file .................................................................................................................... 335filter ................................................................................................................. 338group .............................................................................................................. 340hostname ........................................................................................................ 340interface .......................................................................................................... 341load ................................................................................................................. 342location ........................................................................................................... 342management .................................................................................................. 343more ................................................................................................................ 344netflow ............................................................................................................ 345no ..................................................................................................................... 346quit .................................................................................................................. 348radius-server .................................................................................................. 348reboot .............................................................................................................. 349reset ................................................................................................................. 349restore ............................................................................................................. 350run-tests .......................................................................................................... 351security ........................................................................................................... 353snmp ............................................................................................................... 354ssid .................................................................................................................. 355syslog .............................................................................................................. 356uptime ............................................................................................................. 357vlan .................................................................................................................. 358wifi-tag ........................................................................................................... 359Sample Configuration Tasks .............................................................................. 360Configuring a Simple Open Global SSID .................................................. 361Configuring a Global SSID using WPA-PEAP ......................................... 362Configuring an SSID-Specific SSID using WPA-PEAP ........................... 363Enabling Global IAPs ................................................................................... 364Disabling Global IAPs .................................................................................. 365Enabling a Specific IAP ................................................................................ 366Disabling a Specific IAP ............................................................................... 367Setting Cell Size Auto-Configuration for All IAPs .................................. 368Setting the Cell Size for All IAPs ................................................................ 369Setting the Cell Size for a Specific IAP ....................................................... 370

Wi-Fi ArrayixConfiguring VLANs on an Open SSID ...................................................... 371Configuring Radio Assurance Mode (Loopback Tests) .......................... 372Appendices..................................................................................... 375Appendix A: Servicing the Wi-Fi Array ............................................................. 377Removing the Access Panel ................................................................................ 379Reinstalling the Access Panel ............................................................................. 382Replacing the FLASH Memory Module ........................................................... 384Replacing the Main System Memory ................................................................ 386Replacing the Integrated Access Point Radio Module ................................... 388Replacing the Power Supply Module ............................................................... 391Appendix B: Quick Reference Guide ............................................................... 393Factory Default Settings ...................................................................................... 393Host Name ..................................................................................................... 393Network Interfaces ....................................................................................... 393Serial ........................................................................................................ 393Gigabit 1 and Gigabit 2 ......................................................................... 394Fast Ethernet ........................................................................................... 394Server Settings ............................................................................................... 395NTP .......................................................................................................... 395Syslog ...................................................................................................... 395SNMP ...................................................................................................... 396DHCP .............................................................................................................. 396Default SSID .................................................................................................. 397Security .......................................................................................................... 397Global Settings - Encryption ............................................................... 397External RADIUS (Global) .................................................................. 398Internal RADIUS .................................................................................... 399Administrator Account and Password ...................................................... 399Management .................................................................................................. 399Keyboard Shortcuts ............................................................................................. 399Appendix C: Technical Support ........................................................................ 403General Hints and Tips ....................................................................................... 403Frequently Asked Questions .............................................................................. 404Multiple SSIDs ............................................................................................... 404Security ........................................................................................................... 406

Wi-Fi ArrayxVLAN Support .............................................................................................. 410Array Monitor and Radio Assurance Capabilities .......................................... 412Enabling Monitoring on the Array ..................................................... 412How Monitoring Works ............................................................................... 412Radio Assurance ........................................................................................... 413Radio Assurance Options ..................................................................... 414RADIUS Vendor Specific Attributes (VSAs) for Xirrus ................................. 415Upgrading the Array via CLI ............................................................................. 418Sample Output for the Upgrade Procedure: ............................................. 419Contact Information ............................................................................................ 423Appendix D: Implementing PCI DSS ............................................................... 425Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Overview .......................... 425PCI DSS and Wireless .......................................................................................... 426The Xirrus Array PCI Compliance Configuration .......................................... 427The pci-audit Command ..................................................................................... 428Additional Resources .......................................................................................... 429Appendix E: Implementing FIPS Security ....................................................... 431Securing the Array Physically ............................................................................ 431Operator Required Actions .................................................................. 431To implement FIPS 140-2, Level 2 using WMI ................................................. 434To implement FIPS 140-2, Level 2 using CLI: .................................................. 436To check if an Array is in FIPS mode: ............................................................... 436Appendix F: Notices ........................................................................................... 437Notices ................................................................................................................... 437EU Directive 1999/5/EC Compliance Information ........................................ 440Compliance Information (Non-EU) ................................................................... 447Safety Warnings ................................................................................................... 448Translated Safety Warnings ............................................................................... 449Software License and Product Warranty Agreement ..................................... 450Hardware Warranty Agreement ....................................................................... 456Glossary of Terms.......................................................................... 459Index................................................................................................ 471

Wi-Fi ArrayList of Figures xiList of FiguresFigure 1. Xirrus Arrays: XR Series (on left) and XN Series................................... 1Figure 2. The Xirrus Management System .............................................................. 2Figure 3. Wi-Fi Array (XR Series) ............................................................................. 8Figure 4. Wireless Coverage Patterns ...................................................................... 9Figure 5. WMI: Array Status.................................................................................... 11Figure 6. Layout of IAPs (XR4830) ......................................................................... 12Figure 7. Wall Thickness Considerations .............................................................. 23Figure 8. Unit Placement.......................................................................................... 24Figure 9. Full (Normal) Coverage........................................................................... 25Figure 10. Adjusting RF Patterns.............................................................................. 26Figure 11. Custom Coverage ..................................................................................... 26Figure 12. Connection Rate vs. Distance.................................................................. 27Figure 13. Transmit Power......................................................................................... 28Figure 14. Overlapping Cells..................................................................................... 29Figure 15. Allocating Channels Manually............................................................... 31Figure 16. Deployment Scenario (54 Mbps) — Per Sector...................................... 32Figure 17. Deployment Scenario (36 Mbps) — Per Sector...................................... 32Figure 18. Deployment Scenario (18 Mbps) — Per Sector...................................... 33Figure 19. Classic 802.11 Signal Transmission........................................................ 35Figure 20. MIMO Signal Processing......................................................................... 36Figure 21. Spatial Multiplexing................................................................................. 37Figure 22. Channel Bonding...................................................................................... 38Figure 23. MAC Throughput Improvements.......................................................... 39Figure 24. Computing 802.11n Data Rates .............................................................. 40Figure 25. 802.11n Increases Capacity...................................................................... 41Figure 26. Port Failover Protection........................................................................... 42Figure 27. Switch Failover Protection ...................................................................... 43Figure 28. Port Requirements for XMS .................................................................... 48Figure 29. WDS Link................................................................................................... 52Figure 30. A Multiple Hop WDS Connection ......................................................... 53Figure 31. WDS Failover Protection ......................................................................... 53Figure 32. Installation Workflow.............................................................................. 56Figure 33. Array Placement ....................................................................................... 58Figure 34. LED Locations........................................................................................... 62

Wi-Fi Arrayxii List of FiguresFigure 35. Network Interface Ports........................................................................... 65Figure 36. Express Setup............................................................................................ 68Figure 37. Web Management Interface.................................................................... 76Figure 38. WMI: Frames............................................................................................. 79Figure 39. Major Menu Sections Collapsed (on left).............................................. 80Figure 40. WMI: Utility Buttons................................................................................ 81Figure 41. Feedback Form.......................................................................................... 82Figure 42. Logging In to the Wi-Fi Array ................................................................ 83Figure 43. Array Summary ........................................................................................ 86Figure 44. Disabled IAP (Partial View).................................................................... 88Figure 45. IAP Cells .................................................................................................... 89Figure 46. Array Information .................................................................................... 90Figure 47. Show Configuration................................................................................. 91Figure 48. Admin Login History............................................................................... 92Figure 49. Network Settings ...................................................................................... 93Figure 50. Network Map............................................................................................ 94Figure 51. Spanning Tree Status................................................................................ 97Figure 52. Routing Table............................................................................................ 98Figure 53. ARP Table .................................................................................................. 98Figure 54. DHCP Leases............................................................................................. 99Figure 55. Connection Tracking................................................................................ 99Figure 56. CDP Neighbors....................................................................................... 100Figure 57. Network Assurance................................................................................ 101Figure 58. RF Monitor — IAPs ................................................................................. 103Figure 59. RF Monitor — IAPs ................................................................................. 103Figure 60. RF Spectrum Analyzer........................................................................... 105Figure 61. Intrusion Detection/Rogue AP List..................................................... 107Figure 62. RF Monitor — Channel History............................................................. 109Figure 63. RF Monitor — Channel History (Rotated) ........................................... 110Figure 64. RF Monitor — Channel History (Text) ................................................. 110Figure 65. Stations..................................................................................................... 112Figure 66. Location Map........................................................................................... 113Figure 67. Controls for Location Map.................................................................... 115Figure 68. Minimizing stations................................................................................ 116Figure 69. Station RSSI Values ............................................................................... 118Figure 70. Station RSSI Values — Colorized Graphical View ............................ 119Figure 71. Station Signal-to-Noise Ratio Values .................................................. 120

Wi-Fi ArrayList of Figures xiiiFigure 72. Station SNR Values — Colorized Graphical View ............................. 121Figure 73. Station Noise Floor Values ................................................................... 122Figure 74. Station Noise Floor Values — Colorized Graphical View ................ 123Figure 75. Max by IAP ............................................................................................. 124Figure 76. Station Assurance ................................................................................... 125Figure 77. IAP Statistics Summary Page................................................................ 127Figure 78. Individual IAP Statistics Page ............................................................. 128Figure 79. Network Statistics................................................................................... 129Figure 80. VLAN Statistics....................................................................................... 130Figure 81. WDS Statistics ......................................................................................... 131Figure 82. Filter Statistics ......................................................................................... 132Figure 83. Station Statistics ...................................................................................... 132Figure 84. Individual Station Statistics Page......................................................... 133Figure 85. System Log (Alert Level Highlighted) ................................................ 134Figure 86. IDS Event Log ........................................................................................ 135Figure 87. WMI: Express Setup............................................................................... 139Figure 88. Network Interfaces................................................................................. 146Figure 89. Network Settings .................................................................................... 147Figure 90. Port Modes (a-b) ..................................................................................... 149Figure 91. Port Modes (c-d) ..................................................................................... 150Figure 92. Port Modes (e-f) ...................................................................................... 151Figure 93. DNS Settings............................................................................................ 153Figure 94. CDP Settings............................................................................................ 154Figure 95. Services..................................................................................................... 156Figure 96. Time Settings (Manual Time)................................................................ 157Figure 97. Time Settings (NTP Time Enabled)...................................................... 158Figure 98. NetFlow.................................................................................................... 160Figure 99. Wi-Fi Tag.................................................................................................. 161Figure 100. System Log .............................................................................................. 162Figure 101. SNMP ....................................................................................................... 165Figure 102. DHCP Management............................................................................... 168Figure 103. VLANs...................................................................................................... 171Figure 104. VLAN Management............................................................................... 173Figure 105. Security..................................................................................................... 175Figure 106. Import Xirrus Certificate Authority..................................................... 180Figure 107. Admin Management .............................................................................. 181Figure 108. Admin Privileges.................................................................................... 183

Wi-Fi Arrayxiv List of FiguresFigure 109. Admin RADIUS...................................................................................... 186Figure 110. Management Control ............................................................................. 188Figure 111. Pre-login Banner ..................................................................................... 189Figure 112. Access Control List................................................................................. 195Figure 113. Global Settings (Security) ...................................................................... 197Figure 114. External RADIUS Server ....................................................................... 200Figure 115. Internal RADIUS Server ........................................................................ 204Figure 116. Rogue Control List ................................................................................. 206Figure 117. SSIDs......................................................................................................... 208Figure 118. Four Traffic Classes................................................................................ 210Figure 119. SSID Management.................................................................................. 213Figure 120. SSID Management.................................................................................. 217Figure 121. WPR Internal Splash Page Fields (SSID Management)..................... 220Figure 122. Customizing an Internal Login or Splash Page.................................. 223Figure 123. Setting Active IAPs per SSID ................................................................ 225Figure 124. Per-SSID Access Control List................................................................ 226Figure 125. Groups...................................................................................................... 228Figure 126. Group Management ............................................................................... 230Figure 127. IAPs........................................................................................................... 234Figure 128. Source of Channel Setting ..................................................................... 235Figure 129. IAP Settings ............................................................................................. 237Figure 130. Global Settings (IAPs)............................................................................ 243Figure 131. Global Settings .11a ................................................................................ 250Figure 132. Global Settings .11bg.............................................................................. 254Figure 133. Global Settings .11n................................................................................ 259Figure 134. Advanced RF Settings............................................................................ 262Figure 135. Station Assurance (Advanced RF Settings) ........................................ 268Figure 136. Intrusion Detection Settings.................................................................. 270Figure 137. LED Settings............................................................................................ 276Figure 138. WDS.......................................................................................................... 278Figure 139. .Configuring a WDS Link...................................................................... 279Figure 140. WDS Client Links ................................................................................... 280Figure 141. Filters........................................................................................................ 283Figure 142. Filter Lists ................................................................................................ 284Figure 143. Filter Management ................................................................................ 286Figure 144. Clusters .................................................................................................... 289Figure 145. Cluster Definition ................................................................................... 290

Wi-Fi ArrayList of Figures xvFigure 146. Cluster Management.............................................................................. 291Figure 147. Cluster Mode Operation........................................................................ 292Figure 148. Cluster Mode Activation ....................................................................... 292Figure 149. Viewing Statistics in Cluster Mode...................................................... 293Figure 150. System Tools............................................................................................ 296Figure 151. Saving the Diagnostic Log..................................................................... 303Figure 152. Managing WPR Splash/Login page files............................................ 304Figure 153. System Command (Ping)....................................................................... 305Figure 154. Radius Ping Command.......................................................................... 305Figure 155. Radius Ping Output................................................................................ 306Figure 156. CLI Window............................................................................................ 308Figure 157. WMI Display Options............................................................................ 309Figure 158. iPhone Style Option................................................................................ 310Figure 159. Login Window ........................................................................................ 312Figure 160. Logging In................................................................................................ 314Figure 161. Help Window.......................................................................................... 315Figure 162. Full Help .................................................................................................. 316Figure 163. Partial Help.............................................................................................. 316Figure 164. Configuring a Simple Open Global SSID............................................ 361Figure 165. Configuring a Global SSID using WPA-PEAP................................... 362Figure 166. Configuring an SSID-Specific SSID using WPA-PEAP..................... 363Figure 167. Enabling Global IAPs............................................................................. 364Figure 168. Disabling Global IAPs............................................................................ 365Figure 169. Enabling a Specific IAP.......................................................................... 366Figure 170. Disabling a Specific IAP......................................................................... 367Figure 171. Setting the Cell Size for All IAPs.......................................................... 368Figure 172. Setting the Cell Size for All IAPs.......................................................... 369Figure 173. Setting the Cell Size for a Specific IAP ................................................ 370Figure 174. Configuring VLANs on an Open SSID................................................ 371Figure 175. Configuring Radio Assurance Mode (Loopback Testing)................ 373Figure 176. Disconnecting Power from the Array.................................................. 377Figure 177. Removing the Access Panel Screws..................................................... 379Figure 178. Removing the Access Panel .................................................................. 380Figure 179. Disconnecting the Power Supply and Fan.......................................... 380Figure 180. Reconnecting the Fan and Power Supply ........................................... 382Figure 181. Reinstalling the Access Panel................................................................ 382Figure 182. Removing the FLASH Memory Module............................................. 384

Wi-Fi Arrayxvi List of FiguresFigure 183. Removing the DIMM Memory Module .............................................. 386Figure 184. Removing the Chassis Cover Screws................................................... 388Figure 185. Removing the Chassis Cover................................................................ 388Figure 186. Lifting the Integrated Access Point Module....................................... 389Figure 187. Disconnect the Integrated Access Point Module ............................... 389Figure 188. Installing a New Access Panel (with Power Supply)........................ 391Figure 189. Sample output of pci-audit command................................................. 429Figure 190. Tamper-evident seal appearance ......................................................... 432Figure 191. Tamper-evident seal locations for XN4 indicated by arrows........... 432Figure 192. Two tamper-evident seals on seam of XN8/12/16 ........................... 433Figure 193. Six tamper-evident seals on mounting plate - XN8/12/16.............. 433Figure 194. Apply the security strap through locking tab as shown................... 434Figure 195. Security - Management Control Window.......................................... 435

Wi-Fi ArrayIntroduction 1IntroductionThese topics introduce the Xirrus Wi-Fi Array, including an overview of its key features and benefits, and a detailed listing of the product’s physical, environmental, technology and regulatory specifications. “The Xirrus Family of Products” on page 1.“About this User’s Guide” on page 4.“Why Choose the Xirrus Wi-Fi Array?” on page 6.“Wi-Fi Array Product Overview” on page 7.“Key Features and Benefits” on page 12.“Advanced Feature Sets” on page 14.The Xirrus Family of ProductsFigure 1. Xirrus Arrays: XR Series (on left) and XN SeriesThe Xirrus family of products includes the following:The XR Series of Xirrus Wi-Fi Arrays The newest Xirrus Wi-Fi Arrays have been completely redesigned with state of the art components to provide increased bandwidth per radio, additional radios, and integrated switching capacity of up to 10 Gbps. The radios support IEEE802.11 a, b, g, and n clients, and feature the capacity and performance needed to replace switched Ethernet to the desktop.

Wi-Fi Array2 IntroductionThe XN Series of Xirrus Wi-Fi Arrays (XN16 / XN12 / XN8 / XN4)The Xirrus Wi-Fi Arrays have the speed and reach of IEEE 802.11n technology. The XN Series of Arrays feature the capacity and performance needed to replace switched Ethernet to the desktop. The XN16 has 16 IAPs, the XN12 has 12 IAPs, the XN8 has 8 IAPs, and the XN4 has 4 IAPs. For detailed information on the features and usage of the XN Series, please see the Xirrus Wi-Fi Array User’s Guide, Part Number: 800-0006-001. Xirrus Management System (XMS)XMS is used for managing large Array deployments from a centralized Web-based interface. The XMS server is available pre-installed on the Xirrus XM-33xx-CC Management Appliance series, or as a software package (XA-3300-CC) to be installed on your own server hardware.Figure 2 illustrates the elements of the Xirrus Management System. Users start the XMS client simply by entering the URL of the XMS server on a web browser. The XMS server manages a number of Wi-Fi Arrays via SNMP. Figure 2. The Xirrus Management System

Wi-Fi ArrayIntroduction 3If you need detailed information about this product, refer to the XMS User’s Guide, part number 800-0007-001.Xirrus Power over Gigabit Ethernet (PoGE)The PoGE modules eliminate the need for running separate power cabling. Additionally, an available eight port module provides distributed power to multiple Arrays, facilitating backup power when connected via a UPS. NomenclatureThroughout this User’s Guide, the Xirrus Wi-Fi Array is also referred to as simply the Array. In some instances, the terms product and unit are also used. When discussing specific products from the Xirrus family, the product name is used (for example, XR4830). The Wi-Fi Array’s operating system is referred to as the ArrayOS. The Web Management Interface for browser-based management of the Array is referred to as WMI. The XR Series Arrays have very flexible radio capabilities — each of the radios may be independently configured to support IEEE802.11a, 11b, 11g, or 11n clients or a combination of client types. One radio is typically assigned as the RF monitorradio, supporting intrusion detection and prevention, self-monitoring, and other services. Radios support both 2.4GHz and 5 GHz, and are named iap1, iap2, ... iapn. The Xirrus Management System is referred to as XMS. The Power over Gigabit Ethernet system may be referred to as PoGE.

Wi-Fi Array4 IntroductionAbout this User’s GuideThis User’s Guide provides detailed information and procedures that will enable wireless network administrators to install, configure and manage the Wi-Fi Array so that end users can take full advantage of the product’s features and functionality without technical assistance.OrganizationTopics and procedures are organized by function under the following chapter headings: IntroductionProvides a brief introduction to wireless technology, an overview of the product, including its key features and benefits, and presents the product specifications.Installing the Wi-Fi ArrayDefines prerequisites for deploying and installing the Array and provides instructions to help you plan and complete a successful installation.The Web Management InterfaceOffers an overview of the product’s embedded Web Management Interface, including its content and structure. It emphasizes what you need to do to ensure that any configuration changes you make are applied, and provides a list of restricted characters. It also includes instructions for logging in to the Array with your Web browser.Viewing Status on the Wi-Fi ArrayDescribes the status and statistics displays available on the Array using its embedded Web Management Interface. Configuring the Wi-Fi ArrayContains procedures for configuring the Array using its embedded Web Management Interface. Using Tools on the Wi-Fi ArrayContains procedures for using utility tools provided in the Web Management Interface. It includes procedures for upgrading the system

Wi-Fi ArrayIntroduction 5firmware, uploading and downloading configurations and other files, using diagnostic tools, and resetting the Array to its factory defaults.The Command Line InterfaceIncludes the commands and the command structure used by the Wi-Fi Array’s Command Line Interface (CLI), and provides a procedure for establishing a Telnet connection to the Array. This chapter also includes some sample key configuration tasks using the CLI.Appendix A: Servicing the Wi-Fi ArrayContains procedures for servicing the Array, including the removal and reinstallation of major hardware components.Appendix B: Quick Reference GuideContains the product’s factory default settings.Appendix C: Technical SupportOffers guidance to resolve technical issues, including general hints and tips to enhance your product experience, and a procedure for isolating problems within an Array-enabled wireless network. Also includes Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) and Xirrus contact information.Appendix D: Implementing PCI DSSDiscusses meeting PCI DSS security standards with the Array.Appendix E: Implementing FIPS SecurityDiscusses meeting FIPS security standards with the Array.Appendix F: NoticesContains the legal notices, licensing, and compliance statements for the Array. Please read this section carefully.Glossary of TermsProvides an explanation of terms directly related to Xirrus product technology, organized alphabetically.IndexThe index is a valuable information search tool. Use the index to locate specific topics discussed in this User’s Guide. Simply click on any page number in the index to jump to the referenced topic.

Wi-Fi Array6 IntroductionNotes and CautionsThe following symbols are used throughout this User’s Guide: Screen ImagesSome screen images of the Web Management Interface have been modified for clarity. For example, an image may have been cropped to highlight a specific area of the screen, and/or sample data may be included in some fields.Your User’s Guide as a PDF DocumentThis User’s Guide is also made available as a secure PDF (Portable Document Format) file and can be viewed using the Adobe® Acrobat Reader® product. It cannot be edited or modified. If you don’t have Acrobat Reader, you can download it free-of-charge from: http://www.adobe.com.HyperlinksIf you click on body text that appears in the color TEAL (with the exception of headings or notes) the embedded hyperlink within the text will immediately take you to the referenced destination. All internal and external cross-references, including page numbers within the List of Figures and the Index, have associated hyperlinks. After “jumping” to a referenced topic, if you want to return to the previous page (reference source), simply click on Acrobat’s previous page button.Why Choose the Xirrus Wi-Fi Array?The deployment of Wi-Fi is becoming increasingly common as businesses strive for greater flexibility in the workplace and the need for employee mobility rises. The only requirements for an effective wireless deployment are a power source, a couple of screws, and a little imagination.This symbol is used for general notes that provide useful supplemental information.!This symbol is used for cautions. Cautions provide critical information that may adversely affect the performance of the product.

Wi-Fi ArrayIntroduction 7Wi-Fi is also fully compatible with standard Ethernet protocols, so connectivity with existing wired infrastructure is transparent to users — they can still access and use the same applications and network services that they use when plugged into the company’s wired LAN (it’s only the plug that no longer exists).Wi-Fi has come a long way in the past few years and now offers the performance, reliability and security that Enterprise customers have come to expect from their networks. The technology is being driven by four major IEEE standards:802.11aOperates in the 5 GHz range with a maximum speed of 54 Mbps.802.11bOperates in the 2.4 GHz range with a maximum speed of 11 Mbps. 802.11gSupports a higher transmission speed of 54 Mbps in the 2.4 GHz range and is backwards compatible with 802.11b.802.11nUses multiple antennas per radio to boost transmission speed as high as450Mbps, increasing throughput, range, and maximum number of users. 802.11n is backwards compatible with 802.11a/b/g.Whether you have just a handful of users or thousands of users, wireless has the scalability and flexibility to serve your needs.Wi-Fi Array Product OverviewPart of the family of Xirrus products, the Wi-Fi Array is a high capacity, multi-mode device designed for the Enterprise market, with twice the range and much higher capacity than competitive wireless products.

Wi-Fi Array8 IntroductionFigure 3. Wi-Fi Array (XR Series)The Wi-Fi Array (regardless of the product model) is Wi-Fi® compliant and simultaneously supports 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, and 802.11n clients. Integrated switching and active enterprise class features such as VLAN support and multiple SSID capability enable robust network compatibility and a high level of scalability and system control. The optional Xirrus Management System (XMS) allows global management of hundreds of Arrays from a central location.Multiple versions of the Array with different numbers of Integrated Access Points (IAPs) support a variety of deployment applications. Enterprise Class SecurityThe latest and most effective wireless encryption security standards, including WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) and WPA2 with 802.11i AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) are available on the Wi-Fi Array. In addition, the use of an embedded RADIUS server (or 802.1x with an external RADIUS server) ensures user authentication — multiple Arrays can authenticate to the optional XMS, ensuring only authorized Arrays become part of the wireless network. With the Xirrus Advanced Feature Sets, intrusion detection and prevention, site monitoring, and RF spectrum analysis are performed in the background by the Array automatically.

Wi-Fi ArrayIntroduction 9Deployment FlexibilityXirrus’ unique multi-radio architecture generates 360 degrees of sectored high-gain 802.11a/b/g/n coverage that provides extended range and the highest possible data rates for a large volume of clients. Each sector can be adjusted automatically or manually, creating a pattern of wireless coverage perfectly tailored to individual customer needs. For example:Figure 4. Wireless Coverage PatternsFigure 4 depicts the following two scenarios:Full pattern coverageAll radios are activated with coverage spanning 360 degrees. If within range, clients will always receive coverage regardless of their geographic position relative to the Array.Partial pattern coverageIf desired, the Wi-Fi Array can be deployed close to an exterior wall. In this case, half of all available radios have been deactivated to prevent redundant signals from “bleeding” beyond the site’s perimeter wall. This configuration may also be used in those cases where you want to restrict wireless coverage to selected areas of the building’s interior.outside wall

Wi-Fi Array10 IntroductionPower over Gigabit Ethernet (PoGE) The Xirrus Power over Gigabit Ethernet modules provide power to your Arrays over the same Cat 5e or Cat 6 cable used for data, eliminating the need to run power cables and provide an AC power outlet in proximity to each unit. Managed modules provide the ability to control power using XMS.Enterprise Class Management The Wi-Fi Array can be configured with its default RF settings, or the RF settings can be customized using the Array’s embedded Web Management Interface (WMI). The WMI enables easy configuration and control from a graphical console, along with a full compliment of troubleshooting tools and statistics.

Wi-Fi ArrayIntroduction 11Figure 5. WMI: Array StatusIn addition, a fully featured Command Line Interface (CLI) offers IT professionals a familiar management and control environment. SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) is also supported to allow management from an SNMP compliant management tool, such as the optional Xirrus Management System.For deployments of more than five Arrays, we recommend that you use the Xirrus Management System (XMS). The XMS offers a rich set of features for fine control over large deployments.

Wi-Fi Array12 IntroductionKey Features and BenefitsThis section describes some of the key product features and the benefits you can expect when deploying the Wi-Fi Array (the XR4830 product is highlighted in this section). High Capacity and High Performance Figure 6. Layout of IAPs (XR4830)The XR4830 version of the Wi-Fi Array (Figure 6) easily handles time-sensitive traffic such as voice, and can enable wireless connectivity. This model includes two Gigabit uplink ports for connection to the wired network. Its eight IAPs(radios) provide a maximum wireless capacity of 3.6 Gbps, which offers ample reserves for the high demands of current and future applications. Of the eight IAPs, seven operate as radios which may be set up to serve your choice of client types — any or all of 802.11a/b/g/n (5 GHz or 2.4 GHz bands), providing backwards compatibility with 802.11b and 802.11g.In the recommended configuration, one IAP is configured in RF monitoring and intrusion detection/prevention mode.Extended CoverageOne XR4830 solution enables you to replace eight access points (including one omnidirectional IAP for monitoring the network). Seven IAP radios with integrated directional antennas provide increased wireless range and enhanced

Wi-Fi ArrayIntroduction 13data rates in all directions. With a Wi-Fi Array deployed, far fewer access points are needed and wired-like resiliency is delivered throughout your wireless network. Your Wi-Fi Array deployment ensures:Continuous connectivity if an IAP (radio) fails.Continuous connectivity if an Array fails.Continuous connectivity if a WDS link or switch fails.Continuous connectivity if a Gigabit uplink or switch fails.Non-Overlapping ChannelsComplete use of non-overlapping channels limits interference and delivers maximum capacity. On the XR4830, up to 8 non-overlapping channels are fully utilized across the 5GHz and 2.4GHz spectrums.SDMA OptimizationSDMA (Spatial Division Multiple Access) technology provides full 360° coverage while allowing independent channel and power output customization. Also supports fast inter-zone handoffs for time-sensitive applications and roaming.Fast RoamingUtilizes the Xirrus Roaming Protocol (XRP) ensuring fast and seamless roaming capabilities between IAPs or Arrays at both Layer 2 and Layer 3.Easy DeploymentThe Xirrus Management System (XMS) offers real time monitoring and management capabilities for the wireless network — ideal for the Enterprise market. It also allows you to import floor plans to help you plan your deployment. The Xirrus Wi-Fi Array chassis has a plenum rated, lockable and tamper resistant case. Secure Wireless AccessMultiple layers of authentication and encryption ensure secure data transmissions. The Wi-Fi Array is 802.11i compliant with line-rate encryption support for 40 and 128 bit WEP, WPA and WPA2 with TKIP and AES encryption.

Wi-Fi Array14 IntroductionAuthentication is provided via 802.1x, including PEAP, EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS, and LEAP (Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol) passthrough.Applications EnablementThe Wi-Fi Array’s QoS (Quality of Service) functionality combined with true switch capabilities enable high density video and Voice over Wireless LAN deployments. Compliant with 802.1p and 802.1Q standards. Advanced Feature Sets The Wi-Fi Array offers a family of powerful functionality packages, including the RF Performance Manager (RPM), RF Security Manager (RSM), and RF Analysis Manager (RAM). These packages are separately licensed for operation on your Array. Xirrus Advanced RF Performance Manager (RPM)The Xirrus RPM optimizes the bandwidth usage and station performance of 802.11n Wi-Fi networks. Leveraging the multiple integrated access point (multi-radio) design of the Xirrus Wi-Fi Array, RPM manages the allocation of wireless bandwidth to wireless stations across multiple RF channels. The result maximizes overall network performance with superior flexibility and capacity. Today's wireless infrastructure is faced with ever increasing numbers and variations of Wi-Fi enabled clients, whether in the form of notebooks, netbooks, smart phones, IP phones, printers, projectors, cameras, RFID tags, etc. The advent of higher speed 802.11n Wi-Fi and its increased use of the 5GHz spectrum adds to the number of variables today's wireless networks must accommodate. Backwards compatibility with older clients is crucial, however their operation in a Wi-Fi network can significantly hinder the performance of faster clients. As an example, 802.11b Wi-Fi stations communicate more than 10 times slower than 802.11n stations. With each of the Array’s multiple radios operating on a different channel, RPM selects the ideal radio for each station. High-speed stations are grouped together on radios with other high speed stations, while lower speed stations are combined

Wi-Fi ArrayIntroduction 15with other lower speed stations. This ensures optimal performance for high-speed 802.11n stations without compromise. The complete feature set of the RPM package includes: WDS (Wireless Distribution System) for point-to-point communicationWi-Fi Mode per IAPSharp Cell technologyWireless Data Rate OptimizationWireless Traffic ShapingWireless Voice Call Admission ControlFast Layer 2 and 3 Roaming Standby Mode Xirrus Advanced RF Security Manager (RSM)The Xirrus RSM improves security and minimizes the risk in deploying 802.11n wireless networks. Leveraging an integrated 24/7 threat sensor and hardware-based encryption/decryption in each Array, RSM secures the Wi-Fi network from multiple types of threats. The result delivers uncompromised overall network security with superior flexibility and performance. Today's Wi-Fi networks face a number of potential security threats in the form of rogue access points, ad-hoc clients, unauthorized clients, wireless-based attacks, eavesdropping, etc. As 802.11n is increasingly adopted in enterprise networks, defending against these threats becomes more critical. With the Array’s dedicated threat sensor radio scanning all channels in the 2.4GHz and 5GHz spectrums, RSM searches for security threats and automatically mitigates them. High performance encryption/decryption in the enterprise Wi-Fi network is a must. The Wi-Fi network needs to support each client using the highest level of encryption (WPA2 Enterprise/128 bit AES) and without degrading the overall performance of the network. Xirrus incorporates hardware-based encryption/decryption into each Array, delivering line-rate encryption at the edge of the network instead of at a choke point within a centralized controller.

Wi-Fi Array16 IntroductionThe complete feature set of the RSM package includes: Wireless IDS/IPS (Intrusion Detection/Prevention System)Wireless stateful firewallUser group policiesAuthenticated guest access gatewayNAC integrationPCI audit compliance enforcementXirrus Advanced RF Analysis Manager (RAM)The RF Advanced Analysis Manager (RAM) tests and troubleshoots 802.11n wireless networks. The deployment of 802.11n presents a set of unique challenges based on technology differences with legacy 802.11a/b/g networks, both on the wireless infrastructure and client side. Xirrus' RAM equips each Wi-Fi Array with a powerful set of tools and features to optimally tune and verify an 802.11n installation, as well as give IT administrators the ability to troubleshoot issues that may occur within the wireless environment. The 802.11n standard will continue to evolve over the next several years with additional performance and optional functions, along with ongoing stream of IEEE 802.11 amendments. This changing wireless landscape mandates that appropriate tools are available to the user to analyze, optimize, and troubleshoot their changing environments. The distributed architecture of the Array enables the execution of powerful wireless and networking analysis at the edge of the network where packets traverse the wireless-to-wired boundary. The Array includes an embedded Wi-Fi Controller with the necessary computing and memory resources to provide these functions securely at the network's edge. The key elements of the RAM package include: RF Analysis – An embedded Spectrum Analyzer leverages the dedicated threat sensor radio in each Wi-Fi Array to provide a continual view of utilization, interference, and errors across all available Wi-Fi channels.

Wi-Fi ArrayIntroduction 17Packet Analysis – Integrated packet capture provides filterable views of all traffic traversing on the wired and wireless interfaces of the Array.Performance Analysis – Embedded traffic generation enables the throughput of the Array’s wireless or wired interfaces to be analyzed.Failure Recovery – Radio Assurance provides an automatic self-test and self healing mechanism that ensures continuous system operation.Netflow SupportNetwork Tools: ping, RADIUS ping, traceroute

Wi-Fi ArrayInstalling the Wi-Fi Array 19Installing the Wi-Fi ArrayThe instructions for completing a successful installation include the following topics: “Installation Prerequisites” on page 19.“Planning Your Installation” on page 22.“Installation Workflow” on page 56.“Installing Your Wi-Fi Array” on page 58.“Powering Up the Wi-Fi Array” on page 62.“Establishing Communication with the Array” on page 65.“Performing the Express Setup Procedure” on page 68.Installation PrerequisitesYour Wi-Fi Array deployment requires the presence of hardware and services in the host wired/wireless network, including:Power Source Most Arrays are powered via Xirrus Power over Gigabit Ethernet. PoGE supplies power over the same Cat 5e or Cat 6 cable used for data, thus reducing cabling and installation effort. PoGE power injector modules are available in 1-, 2-, and 8-port configurations and are typically placed near your Gigabit Ethernet switch. An AC outlet is required for each injector module. Current Array models have integrated splitters, so no separate splitter is required. Ethernet port You need at least one 100/1000 BaseT port to establish wired Gigabit Ethernet connectivity (via the product’s Gigabit 1 or Gigabit 2 port) and one 10/100 BaseT port (if desired) for product management. !The Array’s Ethernet ports should be connected to an Ethernet switch, not an Ethernet hub — if a hub is used, we recommend that you connect only one Ethernet port.

Wi-Fi Array20 Installing the Wi-Fi ArraySecure Shell (SSH) utilityTo establish secure remote command line access to the Array, you need a Secure Shell (SSH) utility, such as PuTTY. The utility must be configured to use SSH-2, since the Array will only allow SSH-2 connections. Secure Web browserEither Internet Explorer (version 7.0 or higher), Mozilla Firefox (version 3.0 or higher), Chrome (version 3.0 or higher), or Safari (version 5.0 or higher). A secure Web browser is required for Web-based management of the Array. The browser must be on the same subnet as the Array, or you must set a static route for management as described in the warning above. Serial connection capabilityTo connect directly to the console port on the Array, your computer must be equipped with a male 9-pin serial port and terminal emulation software (for example, HyperTerminal). The Xirrus Array only supports serial cable lengths up to 25’ per the RS-232 specification. Use the following settings when establishing a serial connection:!The Gigabit1 Ethernet interface is the primary port for both data and management traffic. If a single Ethernet connection is used, it must be connected to the Gigabit1 Ethernet interface. See also, “Port Failover Protection” on page 42.The 10/100 Ethernet Port may be used for managing the Array out of band from the Gigabit Ethernet ports. The 10/100 port will route only management traffic, using a static route that may be configured for this interface. See “interface” on page 341. Bits per second 115,200Data bits 8Parity None

Wi-Fi ArrayInstalling the Wi-Fi Array 21Optional Network ComponentsThe following network components are optional.Xirrus Management System (XMS)The optional XMS offers powerful management features for small or large Wi-Fi Array deployments.External RADIUS serverAlthough your Array comes with an embedded RADIUS server, for 802.1x authentication in large deployments you may want to add an external RADIUS server.Client RequirementsThe Wi-Fi Array should only be used with Wi-Fi certified client devices.See AlsoCoverage and Capacity PlanningDeployment ExamplesFailover PlanningPlanning Your InstallationStop bits 1Flow control None

Wi-Fi Array22 Installing the Wi-Fi ArrayPlanning Your InstallationThis section provides guidelines and examples to help you plan your Xirrus Wi-Fi Array deployment to achieve the best overall coverage and performance. We recommend you conduct a site survey to determine the best location and settings for each Array you install.The following topics are discussed:“General Deployment Considerations” on page 22“Coverage and Capacity Planning” on page 24“IEEE 802.11n Deployment Considerations” on page 34“Failover Planning” on page 42“Power Planning” on page 44“Security Planning” on page 45“Port Requirements” on page 48“Network Management Planning” on page 51“WDS Planning” on page 52“Common Deployment Options” on page 55General Deployment ConsiderationsThe Wi-Fi Array’s unique multi-radio architecture generates 360 degrees of sectored high-gain 802.11a/b/g/n coverage that provides extended range. However, the number, thickness and location of walls, ceilings or other objects that the wireless signals must pass through may affect the range. Typical ranges vary depending on the types of materials and background RF (radio frequency) noise at your location. To maximize wireless range, follow these basic guidelines:1. Keep the number of walls and ceilings between the Array and your receiving devices to a minimum — each wall or ceiling can reduce the wireless range from between 3 and 90 feet (1 to 30 meters). Position your devices so that the number of walls or ceilings is minimized.For a complete discussion of implementing Voice over Wi-Fi on the Array, see the Xirrus Voice over Wi-Fi Application Note in the Xirrus Library.

$Wi-Fi ArrayInstalling the Wi-Fi Array 232. Be aware of the direct line between each device. For example, a wall that is 1.5 feet thick (half a meter) at 90° is actually almost 3 feet thick (or 1 meter) when viewed at a 45° angle. At an acute 2° degree angle the same wall is over 42 feet (or 14 meters) thick! For best reception, try to ensure that your wireless devices are positioned so that signals will travel straight through a wall or ceiling.Figure 7. Wall Thickness Considerations3. Try to position wireless client devices so that the signal passes through drywall (between studs) or open doorways and not other materials that can adversely affect the wireless signal.See AlsoCoverage and Capacity PlanningDeployment ExamplesCommon Deployment OptionsInstallation Prerequisites90° 45°1.5 feet/.5 m ~ 3 feet/1 m> 42 feet\14 m2°$

Wi-Fi Array24 Installing the Wi-Fi ArrayCoverage and Capacity PlanningThis section considers coverage and capacity for your deployment(s), including placement options, RF patterns and cell sizes, area calculations, roaming considerations, and channel allocations.PlacementUse the following guidelines when considering placement options:1. The best placement option for the Array is ceiling-mounted within an open plan environment (cubicles rather than fixed walls).2. Keep the Array away from electrical devices or appliances that generate RF noise. Because the Array is generally mounted on ceilings, be aware of its position relative to lighting (especially fluorescent lighting) — we recommend maintaining a distance of at least 3 to 6 feet (1 to 2 meters).Figure 8. Unit PlacementNote that several advanced features in this section are part of the Xirrus Advanced RF Performance Manager (RPM). They require the license installed on the Array to include support for RPM. Please see “About Licensing and Upgrades” on page 297. 100 ft/ 30m100 ft/ 30 m100 ft/30 m

Wi-Fi ArrayInstalling the Wi-Fi Array 253. If using multiple Arrays in the same area, maintain a distance of at least 100ft/30m between Arrays if there is direct line-of-sight between units, or at least 50ft/15m if a wall or other barrier exists between units.RF PatternsThe Wi-Fi Array allows you to control — automatically or manually — the pattern of wireless coverage that best suits your deployment needs. You can choose to operate with full coverage, half coverage, or custom coverage (by enabling or disabling individual sectors).Full (Normal) CoverageIn normal operation, the Array provides a full 360 degrees of coverage.Figure 9. Full (Normal) CoverageHalf CoverageIf installing a unit close to an exterior wall, you can deactivate half of the radios to prevent redundant signals from “bleeding” beyond the wall and extending

Wi-Fi Array26 Installing the Wi-Fi Arrayservice into public areas. The same principle applies if you want to restrict service to an adjacent room within the site.Figure 10. Adjusting RF PatternsCustom CoverageWhere there are highly reflective objects in proximity to the Array, you can turn off specific radios to avoid interference and feedback.Figure 11. Custom Coverageoutside wallobjectreflective

Wi-Fi ArrayInstalling the Wi-Fi Array 27Capacity and Cell SizesCell sizes should be estimated based on the number of users, the applications being used (for example, data/video/voice), and the number of Arrays available at the location. The capacity of a cell is defined as the minimum data rate desired for each sector multiplied by the total number of sectors being used.Figure 12. Connection Rate vs. Distance Figure 12 shows relative connection rates for 802.11n vs. 802.11a/g and 802.11b, and the effect of distance on the connection rates. Wireless environments can vary greatly so the actual rates may be different depending on the specific network deployment.

Wi-Fi Array28 Installing the Wi-Fi ArrayFine Tuning Cell SizesAdjusting the transmit power allows you to fine tune cell sizes. There are four standard sizes — Small, Medium, Large, or Max (the default is Max). There is also an Auto setting that automatically determines the best cell size, and a Manual setting that allows you to choose your power settings directly. Figure 13. Transmit PowerAuto Cell Size is an automatic, self-tuning mechanism that balances cell size between Arrays to guarantee coverage while limiting the RF energy that could extend beyond the organizational boundary. Auto Cell uses communication between Arrays to dynamically set radio power so that complete coverage is provided to all areas, yet at the minimum power level required. This helps to minimize potential interference with neighboring networks. Additionally, Arrays running Auto Cell automatically detect and compensate for coverage gaps caused by system interruptions. To enable the Auto Cell Size feature, go to “RF Power & Sensitivity” on page 264. For a complete discussion of the Auto Cell size feature, see the Xirrus Auto Cell Application Note in the Xirrus Library. If you are installing many units in proximity to each other, we recommend that you use Auto Cell Size; otherwise, reduce the transmit power using manual settings to avoid excessive interference with other Arrays or installed APs. See also, “Coverage and Capacity Planning” on page 24.LargeMediumSmall

Wi-Fi ArrayInstalling the Wi-Fi Array 29Sharp CellThis patented Xirrus RF management option automatically creates more intelligently defined cells and improves performance by creating smaller, high-throughput cells. By dynamically limiting each cell to a defined boundary (cell size), the trailing edge bleed of RF energy is reduced, thus minimizing interference between neighboring Wi-Fi Arrays or other Access Points. To enable the Sharp Cell feature, go to “RF Power & Sensitivity” on page 264. For more information about this feature, see the Xirrus Sharp Cell Application Note in the Xirrus Library. Roaming ConsiderationsCells should overlap approximately 10 - 15% to accommodate client roaming.Figure 14. Overlapping CellsAllocating ChannelsBecause the Wi-Fi Array is a multi-channel device, allocating the best channels to radios is important if peak performance is to be maintained.Automatic Channel SelectionWe recommend that you allow the Array to make intelligent channel allocation decisions automatically. In the automatic mode, channels are allocated dynamically, driven by changes in the environment. Auto Channel assignment is ROAMING10 - 15% overlap

Wi-Fi Array30 Installing the Wi-Fi Arrayperformed by scanning the surrounding area for RF activity on all channels, then automatically selecting and setting channels on the Array to the best channels available. This function is typically executed when initially installing Arrays in a new location and may optionally be configured to execute periodically to account for changes in the RF environment over time. Auto Channel selection has significant advantages, including: Allows the Array to come up for the first time and not interfere with existing equipment that may be already running, thereby limiting co-channel interference.More accurately tunes the RF characteristics of a Wi-Fi installation than manual configuration since the radios themselves are scanning the environment from their physical location. May be configured to run periodically. To set up the automatic channel selection feature, go to “Advanced RF Settings” on page 262. For more information about this feature, see the Xirrus Auto Channel Application Note in the Xirrus Library.

Wi-Fi ArrayInstalling the Wi-Fi Array 31Manual Channel SelectionYou can manually assign channels on a per radio basis, though manual selection is not recommended (and not necessary).Figure 15. Allocating Channels ManuallySee AlsoDeployment ExamplesFailover PlanningInstallation PrerequisitesTo avoid co-channel interference, do not select adjacent channels for radios that are physically next to each other.Maintain channel separation

Wi-Fi Array32 Installing the Wi-Fi ArrayDeployment ExamplesThe following examples employ 802.11a cells, each offering minimum throughputs of 54 Mbps, 36 Mbps, and 18 Mbps per sector respectively, and assume a floor plan covering a total area of about 60,000 square feet (5574 sq m).Figure 16. Deployment Scenario (54 Mbps) — Per SectorFigure 17. Deployment Scenario (36 Mbps) — Per Sector

Wi-Fi ArrayInstalling the Wi-Fi Array 33Figure 18. Deployment Scenario (18 Mbps) — Per SectorSee AlsoCoverage and Capacity PlanningFailover PlanningPlanning Your Installation

Wi-Fi Array34 Installing the Wi-Fi ArrayIEEE 802.11n Deployment ConsiderationsThe Xirrus XN Arrays support IEEE 802.11n on all IAPs, in both 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands. Use of 802.11n offers significant benefits: Higher data ratesHigher throughput Supports more usersMore robust connectionsIncreased coverage areaMore secure connections — supports WPA2 (Wi-Fi Protected Access 2)These benefits result in better support for a wide range of applications such as voice and video, intensive usage such as CAD/CAM and backups, dense user environments, and for manufacturing and warehousing environments. The techniques that 802.11n uses to realize these performance improvements, and the results that can be expected are discussed in:“MIMO (Multiple-In Multiple-Out)” on page 35“Multiple Data Streams — Spatial Multiplexing” on page 37“Channel Bonding” on page 38“Improved MAC Throughput” on page 39“Short Guard Interval” on page 39“Obtaining Higher Data Rates” on page 40“802.11n Capacity” on page 41IEEE 802.11n features are supported only on XN Array models, and this section applies only to those Arrays. Note that the license installed on the Array must include support for 802.11n. Please see “About Licensing and Upgrades” on page 297. While 802.11n increases coverage area by almost doubling the reach, you must consider the legacy wireless devices in your network. Wireless stations connecting using 802.11a/b/g will still be subject to a reach of up to 100 feet, depending on the environment.

Wi-Fi ArrayInstalling the Wi-Fi Array 35Two very important techniques to consider are Channel Bonding and Multiple Data Streams — Spatial Multiplexing because they contribute a large portion of 802.11n’s speed improvements and because they are optional and configurable, as opposed to the parts of 802.11n that are fixed. While the settings for 802.11n IAPs come pre-configured on the Array for robust performance in typical usage, you should review the settings for your deployment, especially channel bonding. A global setting is provided to enable or disable 802.11n mode. See “Global Settings .11n” on page 259 to configure 802.11n operation. MIMO (Multiple-In Multiple-Out) MIMO (Multiple-In Multiple-Out) signal processing is one of the core technologies of 802.11n. It mitigates interference and maintains broadband performance even with weak signals.Prior to 802.11n, a data stream was transmitted via one antenna. At the receiving end, the antenna with the best signal was selected to receive data. (Figure 19)Figure 19. Classic 802.11 Signal Transmission

Wi-Fi Array36 Installing the Wi-Fi ArrayFigure 20. MIMO Signal ProcessingMIMO signal processing uses multiple antennas to send and receive data. It takes advantage of multipath reflections to improve signal coherence and greatly increase receiver sensitivity (Figure 20). Multipath signals were considered to be interference by 802.11a/b/g radios, and degraded performance. In 802.11n, these signals are used to enhance performance. This extra sensitivity can be used for greater range or higher data rates. The enhanced signal is the processed sum of individual antennas. Signal processing eliminates nulls and fading that any one antenna would see. MIMO signal processing is sophisticated enough to discern multiple spatial streams (see Multiple Data Streams — Spatial Multiplexing). There are no settings to configure for MIMO. Frequency Across SubcarriersAttenuationAntenna 1 SignalMIMO Processed SignalAntenna 2 SignalAntenna 3 SignalReceiver

Wi-Fi ArrayInstalling the Wi-Fi Array 37Multiple Data Streams — Spatial MultiplexingSpatial Multiplexing transmits completely separate data streams on different antennas (in the same channel) that are recombined to produce new 802.11n data rates. Higher data rates are achieved by splitting the original data stream into separate data streams. Each separate stream is transmitted on a different antenna (using its own RF chain). MIMO signal processing at the receiver can detect and recover each stream. Streams are then recombined, yielding higher data rates. Figure 21. Spatial MultiplexingSpatial multiplexing can double, triple, or quadruple the date rate, depending on the number of transmit antennas used. You can configure the number of chains (i.e., streams) separately for transmitting and receiving. By default, the Array uses three chains for transmitting and receiving (see “Global Settings .11n” on page 259). %Rx 1Rx 2RxM%TransmitterData Stream Data StreamReceiverTx 1Tx 2TxN

Wi-Fi Array38 Installing the Wi-Fi ArrayChannel BondingChannel bonding increases data rates by combining two adjacent 20 MHz channels into one 40 MHz channel. This increases the data rate to slightly more than double. A bonded 40 MHz channel is specified in terms of the Primary channel and the adjacent channel to Bond. The Bond channel is represented by +1 to use the channel above the Primary channel, or -1 to use the channel below. In the example shown, Channel 40 is the Primary channel and it is bonded to Channel 36, the channel below it, by specifying -1. Be aware that Channel Bonding can make channel planning more difficult, since you are using two channels for an IAP. We recommend the use of the 5 GHz band, since it has many more channels than the 2.4 GHz band, and thus more channels are available for bonding. The Array provides an Automatic Channel Bonding setting that will automatically select the best channel for bonding on each IAP. If you enable this option, you may select whether bonding will be dynamic (the bonded channel changes in response to environmental conditions) or static (the bonded channel will not be changed. See “Global Settings .11n” on page 259. To configure channel bonding manually, on a per-IAP basis, see “IAP Settings” on page 237. Figure 22. Channel BondingCh# Ch#4020 MHz 20 MHz3640 MHz(40, -1)Standard 802.11 channels are effectively 20MHz wide. Channel bonding combines two adjacent 20MHz channels into a single 40MHz channel providing increased throughput.

Wi-Fi ArrayInstalling the Wi-Fi Array 39Improved MAC ThroughputThese changes make 802.11n transmission of MAC frames 40% more efficient than legacy transmission:MAC data frames are combined and given a single PHY header.Implicit Block ACK acknowledges all data frames within a combined frame. Spacing between frames is reduced. Figure 23. MAC Throughput ImprovementsShort Guard IntervalThis option reduces the wait time between signals that are being sent out over the air. The guard interval provides immunity to propagation delays and reflections, and is normally 800 ns (long). By using a short guard interval (400 ns), the data rate is increased by approximately 11%. The short interval may be used in many environments (especially indoors). If the short guard interval is used in an NACK FrameNData Frame2Data FramePHY HeaderMAC HeaderData Frame PayloadACK Frame PayloadLegacy OperationHigh Throughput OperationData Framessssss sss1Data Frame Block ACK Frame1122NNACK Frame1 2ACK FrameNNData FrameSIFSSIFSSIFSRIFS RIFSLegacy OperationHigh Throughput OperationData Frame ACK Framesssssssss11 2Data Frame Data Frame Data FrameBlock ACKRequestFrameBlock ACKResponseFrame12 N1 2 22Data Frame ACK FrameNACK FrameRIFS Usage (Reduced Inter-Frame Spacing)Frame Aggregation

Wi-Fi Array40 Installing the Wi-Fi Arrayinappropriate environment, the signal quality will suffer and throughput will decrease. See “Global Settings .11n” on page 259 to configure the guard interval. Obtaining Higher Data Rates The data rate increase obtained by using 802.11n on an Array is incremental, based on the technologies that are applied and the options that you select:Higher encoding rates (Mandatory in 802.11n)Spatial Streams (Mandatory, but multiplier varies directly with number of streams selected.)Channel Bonding (Mandatory in 802.11n, apply multiplier to IAP if it is bonded.)Short Guard Interval (Optional)See Figure 24 to compute your 802.11n data rate increase for an IAP. Apply this increase to the 802.11 a, b or g data rates selected for the Array.Figure 24. Computing 802.11n Data RatesOptionallyMultiply By 2.077to BondTwo 20MHzChannelsOptionallyMultiply by 1.11 for Shorter Guard Interval to Increase Symbol RateOptionallyMultiply by 2, 3, 4for the Number of AdditionalSpatial StreamsChoose New Base Encoding + ModulationBPSK (6.5)QPSK (13, 19.5)QAM-16 (26, 39)QAM-64 (58.5, 65)New 11nData Ratexxx =Expected First Generation Device Data RatesExpected 802.11n Data Rates802.11a 802.11gRates6912182436485411n Mandatory Data Rates6.51319.526395258.565With ChannelBonding (40MHz)13.52740.55481108121.5135With ShortGuard Interval1530456090120135150Two SpatialStreams1326395278104117130With ChannelBonding (40MHz)275481108162216243270With ShortGuard Interval306090120180240270300One Spatial Stream Two Spatial Streams

Wi-Fi ArrayInstalling the Wi-Fi Array 41802.11n Capacity802.11n offers major increases in capacity over previous 802.11 standards, as shown in Figure 25. Note that this chart shows figures for 802.11n (with one spatial stream and channel bonding). Figure 25. 802.11n Increases Capacity 802.11a/n Capacity23 channels * 150Mbps = 3.4Gbps802.11a Capacity23 channels * 54Mbps = 1.2 Gbps802.11g/n Capacity3 channels * 150Mbps = 450 Mbps802.11g Capacity3 channels * 54Mbps = 162 Mbps802.11b Capacity3 channels * 11Mbps = 33 Mbps802.11a/n Capacity23 channels * 150Mbps = 3.4Gbps802.11a Capacity23 channels * 54Mbps = 1.2 Gbps802.11g/n Capacity3 channels * 150Mbps = 450 Mbps802.11g Capacity3 channels * 54Mbps = 162 Mbps802.11b Capacity3 channels * 11Mbps = 33 Mbps150

Wi-Fi Array42 Installing the Wi-Fi ArrayFailover PlanningThis section discusses failover protection at the unit and port levels.Port Failover ProtectionTo ensure that service is continued in the event of a port failure, you can utilize the Gigabit 1 and Gigabit 2 Ethernet ports simultaneously.Figure 26. Port Failover ProtectionIn addition, the Array has full failover protection between the Gigabit 1 and Gigabit 2 ports (see following table).The Wi-Fi Array Gigabit Ethernet ports actually support a number of modes:802.3ad Link AggregationLoad BalancingInterface Bridges Data?Bridges Management Traffic?Fails Over To: IP addressGigabit 1 (gig1) Yes Yes Gigabit 2 DHCP or staticGigabit 2 (gig2) Yes Yes Gigabit 1 Assumes the IP address of Gigabit 1Ethernet switchMultiple port connections

Wi-Fi ArrayInstalling the Wi-Fi Array 43BroadcastLink BackupBridgedMirroredSwitch Failover ProtectionTo ensure that service is continued in the event of a switch failure, you can connect Arrays to more than one Ethernet switch (not a hub).Figure 27. Switch Failover ProtectionSee AlsoCoverage and Capacity PlanningDeployment ExamplesInstallation PrerequisitesNetwork Management PlanningPlanning Your InstallationPower PlanningSecurity PlanningGigabit Ethernet connections must be on the same subnet.Ethernet switch Backup switchEthernet connections

Wi-Fi Array44 Installing the Wi-Fi ArrayPower Planning All XR Series Array models support Power over Gigabit Ethernet (PoGE) with an integrated splitter. Power over Gigabit EthernetTo deliver power to the Array, you must use Xirrus Power over Gigabit Ethernet (PoGE) modules. They provide power over Cat 5e or Cat 6 cables to the Array without running power cables. Specific models of the Array are compatible with specific PoGE modules. See AlsoCoverage and Capacity PlanningDeployment ExamplesFailover PlanningNetwork Management PlanningSecurity PlanningWhen using Cat 5e or Cat 6 cable, power can be provided up to a distance of 100m.

Wi-Fi ArrayInstalling the Wi-Fi Array 45Security PlanningThis section offers some useful guidelines for defining your preferred encryption and authentication method. For additional information, see “Understanding Security” on page 176 and the Security section of “Frequently Asked Questions” on page 404. Wireless EncryptionEncryption ensures that no user can decipher another user’s data transmitted over the airwaves. There are three encryption options available to you, including:WEP-40bit or WEP-128bitBecause WEP is vulnerable to cracks, we recommend that you only use this for legacy devices that cannot support a stronger encryption type.Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)This is much more secure than WEP and uses TKIP for encryption.Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA2) with AES This is government-grade encryption — available on most new client adapters — and uses the AES–CCM encryption mode (Advanced Encryption Standard–Counter Mode).AuthenticationAuthentication ensures users are who they say they are, and occurs when users attempt to join the wireless network and periodically thereafter. The following authentication methods are available with the Wi-Fi Array:RADIUS 802.1x 802.1x uses a remote RADIUS server to authenticate large numbers of clients, and can handle different authentication methods (EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS, EAP-PEAP, and EAP-LEAP Passthrough). Administrators may Note that several advanced features in this section are part of the Xirrus Advanced RF Security Manager (RSM). They require the license installed on the Array to include support for RSM. Please see “About Licensing and Upgrades” on page 297.

Wi-Fi Array46 Installing the Wi-Fi Arrayalso be authenticated via RADIUS when preferred, or to meet particular security standards. Xirrus Internal RADIUS serverRecommended for smaller numbers of users (about 100 or less). Supports EAP-PEAP onlyPre-Shared KeyUses a pass-phrase or key that is manually distributed to all authorized users. The same passphrase is given to client devices and entered into each Array.MAC Access Control Lists (ACLs)MAC access control lists provide a list of client adapter MAC addresses that are allowed or denied access to the wireless network, and can be used in addition to any of the above authentication methods. ACLs are good for embedded devices, like printers and bar-code scanners (though MAC addresses can be spoofed). The Array supports 1,000 ACL entries.Meeting PCI DSS StandardsThe Payment Card Industry (PCI) Data Security Standard (DSS) was developed by major credit card companies. It lays out a set of requirements that must be met in order to provide adequate security for sensitive data. The Wi-Fi Array may be configured to satisfy PCI DSS standards. For details, please see Appendix D: Implementing PCI DSS. Note that the license installed on the Array must include the Xirrus Advanced RF Security Manager (RSM) to support PCI audit compliance enforcement. Please see “About Licensing and Upgrades” on page 297.Meeting FIPS StandardsThe Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) Publication 140-2 establishes a computer security standard used to accredit cryptographic modules. The standard is a joint effort by the U.S. and Canadian governments. To implement Level 2 security requirements of FIPS Level 2 on the Wi-Fi Array, see Appendix E: Implementing FIPS Security.

Wi-Fi ArrayInstalling the Wi-Fi Array 47See AlsoFailover PlanningNetwork Management PlanningPower Planning

Wi-Fi Array48 Installing the Wi-Fi ArrayPort Requirements A number of ports are used by various Array features and by the Xirrus Management System (XMS). The Port Requirements table on page 49 lists ports and the features that require them (XMS port requirements are included in the table for your convenience). If you are using a feature, please make sure that the ports that it requires are not blocked by firewalls or other policies, and that they do not conflict with any other port assignments.As an example, XMS port requirements are illustrated in Figure 28. XMS requires ports 161, 162, and 443 to be passed between Arrays and the XMS server. Similarly, ports 9090 and 9091 are required for communication between the XMS server and XMS clients, and port 25 is typically used by the XMS server to access an SMTP server to send email notifications. Figure 28. Port Requirements for XMSFirewallXMS Server XMS Client*L2 Switching InfrastructureSMTP Server*InternalResourcesExternal Network /InternetPorts:9090, 9091Ports:161, 162, 443SSID Trafﬁc onVLANs A, B, etc.Management overNative VLANTrafﬁc from ArraysVLAN BTrafﬁc from ArraysVLAN ATrunked 802.1qVLAN ConnectionPorts:25* XMS Client and SMTP Server may be internal or external resources.

Wi-Fi ArrayInstalling the Wi-Fi Array 49The following table lists port requirements for the Array and for XMS, how they are used, and whether they may be changed.Port Application Peer ConfigurableArray20 tcp21 udp FTP Client Yes22 tcp SSH Client Yes23 tcp Telnet Client Yes25 tcp SMTP Mail Server No69 tcp TFTP TFTP Server No161 tcp/udp SNMP XMS Server No162 tcp/udp SNMP Traphost Note - Up to four Traphosts may be configured.XMS ServerYes - but required by XMS443 tcp HTTPS (WMI,WPR) Client Yes514 udp Syslog Syslog Server No1812, 1645 udpRADIUS (some servers use 1645) RADIUS Server Yes1813, 1646 udpRADIUS Accounting(some servers still use 1646)RADIUS Accounting Server Yes2055 udp Netflow Client Yes5000 tcp Virtual Tunnel VTUN Server Yes

Wi-Fi Array50 Installing the Wi-Fi ArraySee AlsoManagement ControlExternal RadiusServicesVLAN ManagementXMS25 tcp SMTP Mail Server Yes161 udp SNMP Arrays No162 udp SNMP Traphost 1 Arrays Via XMS config file443 tcp HTTPS Arrays No514 udp Resident Syslog server Internal* Via XMS config file1099 tcp RMI Registry Internal* No2000 tcp XMS Back-end Server Internal* No3306 tcp MySQL Database Internal* No8001 tcp Status Viewer Internal* No8007 tcp Tomcat Shutdown Internal* During installation8009 tcp Web Container Internal* During installation9090 tcp XMS Webserver XMS client During installation9091 tcp XMS Client Server XMS client Via XMS config file* Internal to XMS Server, no ports need to be unblocked on other network devices Port Application Peer Configurable

Wi-Fi ArrayInstalling the Wi-Fi Array 51Network Management PlanningNetwork management can be performed using any of the following methods:Command Line Interface, using an SSH (Secure Shell) utility, like PuTTY. The utility must be set up to use SSH-2, since the Array will only allow SSH-2 connections. Web-based management, using the Array’s embedded Web Management Interface (WMI). This method provides configuration and basic monitoring tools, and is good for small deployments (one or two units).Centralized Web-based management, using the optional Xirrus Management System (XMS), which can be run on a dedicated Xirrus appliance or your own server. The XMS is used for managing large Wi-Fi Array deployments from a centralized Web-based interface and offers the following features: Globally manage large numbers of Arrays (up to 500) Seamless view of the entire wireless network Easily configure large numbers of Arrays  Rogue AP monitoring Easily manage system-wide firmware updates  Monitor performance and trendsAggregation of alerts and alarmsSee AlsoFailover PlanningPower PlanningSecurity Planning

Wi-Fi Array52 Installing the Wi-Fi ArrayWDS PlanningWDS (Wireless Distribution System) creates wireless backhauls between arrays, allowing your wireless network to be expanded using multiple Arrays without the need for a wired backbone to link them (see Figure 29). WDS features include:One to three IAPs may be used to form a single WDS link, yielding up to 1350 Mbps bandwidth per link. Up to three different WDS links may be created on a single Array. Automatic IAP Load Balancing If desired, you may allow clients to associate to a BSS on the same radio interface used for a WDS Host Link. This will take bandwidth from the WDS link. Figure 29. WDS LinkMultiple links per Array allow you to configure multi-hop connections.

Wi-Fi ArrayInstalling the Wi-Fi Array 53Figure 30. A Multiple Hop WDS ConnectionMultiple WDS links can provide link redundancy (failover capability - see Figure 31). A network protocol (Spanning Tree Protocol — STP) prevents Arrays from forming network loops. Figure 31. WDS Failover Protection

Wi-Fi Array54 Installing the Wi-Fi ArrayWDS links have a Host/Client relationship similar to the usual IAP/station pattern for Arrays:A WDS Client Link associates/authenticates to a host (target) Array in the same way that a station associates to an IAP. The client side of the link must be configured with the root MAC address of the target (host) Array.A WDS Host Link acts like an IAP by allowing one WDS Client Link to associate to it. An Array may have both client and host links.WDS configuration is performed only on the client-side Array. See “WDS” on page 278. Note that both Arrays must be configured with the same SSID name.

Wi-Fi ArrayInstalling the Wi-Fi Array 55Common Deployment OptionsThe following table lists some typical and recommended deployment options for a number of the features that have been discussed in this chapter. See AlsoCoverage and Capacity PlanningDeployment ExamplesNetwork Management PlanningPlanning Your InstallationPower PlanningSecurity PlanningFunctionNumber of Wi-Fi ArraysOne or Two Three or MorePower Power over Gigabit Ethernet Power over Gigabit EthernetUPS backup(recommended)Failover Recommended Highly recommendedVLANs Optional Optional use,Can be used to put all APs on one VLAN or map to existing VLAN schemeEncryption WPA2 with AES (recommended)PSK or 802.1x WPA2 with AES (recommended)802.1x keyingAuthentication Internal RADIUS serverEAP-PEAPPre-Shared KeyExternal RADIUS serverManagement Internal WMIInternal CLI (via SSHv2)XMS (SNMP)

Wi-Fi Array56 Installing the Wi-Fi ArrayInstallation WorkflowThis workflow illustrates the steps that are required to install and configure your Wi-Fi Array successfully. Review this flowchart before attempting to install the unit on a customer’s network.Figure 32. Installation Workflow See AlsoCoverage and Capacity PlanningDeployment ExamplesDetermine the number of Arrays neededChoose the location(s) for your Wi-Fi ArraysInstall the mounting plateConnect the cables and turn on the powerVerify that the Ethernet link and radio LEDs are functioning correctlyPerform the Express Setup procedureRun Ethernet cables for PoGE(<100m total distance from switch)Log in to WMI and enter your license

Wi-Fi ArrayInstalling the Wi-Fi Array 57Common Deployment OptionsFailover PlanningInstallation PrerequisitesPlanning Your InstallationPower PlanningWi-Fi Array Product OverviewSecurity Planning

Wi-Fi Array58 Installing the Wi-Fi ArrayInstalling Your Wi-Fi ArrayThis section provides instructions for completing a physical installation of your Xirrus Wi-Fi Array.Choosing a LocationBased on coverage, capacity and deployment examples previously discussed, choose a location for the Array that will provide the best results for your needs. The Wi-Fi Array was designed to be mounted on a ceiling where the unit is unobtrusive and wireless transmissions can travel unimpeded throughout open plan areas.You also have the option of mounting the Array on a wall, using the optional wall mount assembly kit.Choose a location that is central to your users (see the following diagram for correct placement.Figure 33. Array PlacementWRONGCORRECTRORRERORRECWRONGGGOONRORONONRORON

Wi-Fi ArrayInstalling the Wi-Fi Array 59Wiring ConsiderationsBefore using the Xirrus Power over Gigabit Ethernet modules (PoGE) to distribute power, see “Power over Gigabit Ethernet (PoGE)” on page 10. Once you have determined the best location for your Wi-Fi Array, you must run cables to the location for the following services:PowerNo power cable to the Array is required if using PoGE modules. The PoGE module requires a dedicated AC power outlet (100 - 240 VAC).NetworkGigabit 1 — the total of all Cat 5e or Cat 6 cable segments from the Gigabit Ethernet switch to the Array must be less than 100m long. The Array must be connected to PoGE networks without routing cabling to the outside plant, to ensure that cabling is not exposed to lightning strikes or possible high voltage crossover.Gigabit 2 Serial cable (optional) — cable lengths up to 25’ per the RS-232 specification.Important Notes About Network ConnectionsRead the following notes before making any network connections.When the unit’s IP address is unknown or a network connection has not been established, the serial cable is used for connecting directly with the Command Line Interface (CLI) via HyperTerminal. When a network connection is established, the Array can be managed from any of the available network connections, either Gigabit 1 or Gigabit 2.!The Array’s Ethernet ports should be plugged into an Ethernet switch, not an Ethernet hub — if a hub is used, we recommend that you connect only one Ethernet port.

Wi-Fi Array60 Installing the Wi-Fi ArraySee AlsoFailover PlanningInstallation PrerequisitesInstallation WorkflowMounting the ArrayPower over Gigabit Ethernet (PoGE)!The Gigabit1 Ethernet interface is the primary port for both data and management traffic. If a single Ethernet connection is used, it must be connected to the Gigabit1 Ethernet interface. See also, “Port Failover Protection” on page 42.

Wi-Fi ArrayInstalling the Wi-Fi Array 61Mounting the Array A number of options are available for mounting Arrays:Ceiling mountWall mountSecure mount in a locking indoor enclosureOutdoor enclosureI-Beam mount in a protective enclosure (gymnasium mount)Factory enclosureA detailed Quick Installation Guide is provided with the mounting option that you selected when ordering your Array. Please follow the provided instructions carefully.Dismounting the Array To dismount any other Array modelFor all Array models, push up on the Array (i.e., push it against the mounting plate). Then turn the Array to the left to remove it. This is similar to dismounting a smoke detector.

Wi-Fi Array62 Installing the Wi-Fi ArrayPowering Up the Wi-Fi ArrayWhen powering up, the Array follows a specific sequence of LED patterns showing the boot progress, and following a successful boot will provide extensive status information.Figure 34. LED Locations Array LED settings may be altered or disabled entirely for diagnostic purposes or for personal preference. Changes are made via the Array’s Command Line Interface or the Web Management Interface — refer to “LED Settings” on page 276.Ethernet Activity and Status LEDsIAP LEDs

Wi-Fi ArrayInstalling the Wi-Fi Array 63Array LED Operating SequencesUse the following tables to review the operating sequences of the Array’s LEDs.“LED Boot Sequence” on page 63“LED Operation when Array is Running” on page 64LED Boot SequenceThe normal boot LED sequence is as follows:Array Activity Status LED IAP LEDsPower ON Blinking GREEN All OFFBoot loader power ON self-testBlinking GREEN All ONImage load from compact FLASHBlinking GREEN Spinning pattern (rotate all to ON, then all to OFF)Image load failure Blinking ORANGE All OFFHand off to ArrayOS Solid GREEN All OFFSystem software initializationSolid GREEN Walking pattern — (LED rotating one position per second)Up and running Solid GREEN ON for IAPs that are up:OFF for IAPs that are down.Behavior may be changed using “LED Settings” on page 276.

Wi-Fi Array64 Installing the Wi-Fi ArrayLED Operation when Array is RunningThe normal LED operation when the Array is running is shown in the table below. Note that behavior may be modified using “LED Settings” on page 276 or via the CLI.See AlsoInstallation PrerequisitesInstallation WorkflowInstalling Your Wi-Fi ArrayLED SettingsLED Status ReasonIAP LED is OFF IAP is downIAP LED is solid ON IAP is up, but no associations and no trafficIAP LED heartbeat IAP is up, with stations associated but no trafficIAP LED flashingFlashing at 10 HzFlashing at 5 HzFlashing at 2.5 HzIAP is up, passing trafficTraffic > 1500 packets/secTraffic > 150 packets/secTraffic > 1 packet/sec IAP LED is GREEN IAP is operating in the 2.4 GHz bandIAP LED is ORANGE IAP is operating in the 5 GHz bandIAP LED flashing ORANGE to GREEN at 1 HzThe radio is in monitor mode(standard intrude detect)Ethernet LEDs are dual colorEthernet LED is ORANGEEthernet LED is GREENTransferring data at 1 GbpsTransferring data at 10/100 Mbps

Wi-Fi ArrayInstalling the Wi-Fi Array 65Establishing Communication with the ArrayThe Array can be configured through the Command Line Interface (CLI) using SSH, or on a browser via the graphical Web Management Interface (WMI). You can use the CLI via the serial management port, the Fast Ethernet port, or either of the Gigabit Ethernet ports. You can use the WMI via any of the Array’s Ethernet ports.Figure 35. Network Interface PortsUsing the Serial PortIf using the serial port to make your connection, use serial settings of 8 bits, no parity, no flow control, 1 stop bit (8N1) and a speed setting of 115200 baud. Use the communication package of your choice.Using the Ethernet PortsBy default, the Array's Ethernet interfaces use DHCP to obtain an IP address. If the Array is booted and does not receive DHCP addresses Gigabit Ethernet ports, both Gigabit Ethernet ports will default to 10.0.2.1. If the Array is connected to a network that provides DHCP addresses, the IP address can be determined by the following three methods:1. The simplest way to address the Array is using its default hostname which is the Array’s serial number (for example, XR40123091CACD). If your network provides DHCP and DNS, then you can use this hostname.SerialGigabit 1 (gig1)Gigabit 2 (gig2)

Wi-Fi Array66 Installing the Wi-Fi Array2. Otherwise, examine the DHCP tables on the server and find the addresses assigned to the Array (Xirrus MAC addresses begin with 000F7D).3. Alternatively, you may query the Array using the CLI via the serial port. Log in using the default user name admin and password admin. Use the show ethernet command to view the IP addresses assigned to each port.Starting the WMIUse this procedure to log in to the WMI via your Web browser. 1. Establish a network connection and open your Web browser.2. Connect to the Wi-Fi Array using its host name or IP address as described in the previous section.Logging InWhen logging in to the Array, use the default user name and password — the default user name is admin, and the default password is admin.See AlsoInstallation WorkflowPerforming the Express Setup ProcedurePowering Up the Wi-Fi ArrayEntering the LicenseA license is needed to operate the Wi-Fi Array at full functionality. Without a license, the Array may only be powered up and have a basic network configuration. The Array’s license determines many of the features that are available on the Array. For example, automatic cell sizing and channel allocation require a license supporting the RF Performance Manager (RPM). Also, IEEE 802.11n operation on XN model Arrays requires a license.The Array’s license is not installed at the factory. You must enter your license before proceeding to the next step, Performing the Express Setup Procedure.

Wi-Fi ArrayInstalling the Wi-Fi Array 67The procedure below describes entering the license key using the WMI. If you are using the Xirrus Management System (XMS), you may use it to easily manage and upgrade large numbers of licenses for the wireless network. 1. This procedure assumes that you have pointed a browser to the Array’s IP address to start WMI, and that you have logged in with the default username and password above. 2. In the left had frame, in the Tools section, click System Tools. 3. License Key: Enter the key that was provided for the Array. The key was provided to you in an email as an attachment in the form of an Excel file (.xls). Enter the key exactly as it appears in the file. Click the Upgradebutton to apply the key. 4. Now you may verify the features provided by the key. In the Statussection of the left hand frame, click Array and then click Information. Check the items listed in the License Features row. If you are installing a large number of licenses and do not have XMS, a Xirrus Licensing Tool may be acquired from Xirrus Support to help push licenses to large number of Arrays.

Wi-Fi Array68 Installing the Wi-Fi ArrayPerforming the Express Setup ProcedureThe Express Setup procedure establishes global configuration settings that enable basic Array functionality. Changes made in this window will affect all radios. Figure 36. Express Setup

Wi-Fi ArrayInstalling the Wi-Fi Array 69Procedure for Performing an Express Setup1. Host Name: Specify a unique host name for this Array. The host name is used to identify the Array on the network. Use a name that will be meaningful within your network environment, up to 64 alphanumeric characters. The default is Xirrus-WiFi-Array.2. Location Information: Enter a brief but meaningful description that accurately defines the physical location of the Array. In an environment where multiple units are installed, clear definitions for their locations are important if you want to identify a specific unit.3. Admin Contact: Enter the name and contact information of the person who is responsible for administering the Array at the designated location.4. Admin Email: Enter the email address of the admin contact you entered in Step 3.5. Admin Phone: Enter the telephone number of the admin contact you entered in Step 3.6. Configure SNMPv2: Select whether to Enable SNMPv2 on the Array, and change the SNMP Community Strings if desired. If you are using the Xirrus Management System (XMS), these strings must match the values used by XMS. The default values for the Array match the defaults in XMS. For more details, including SNMPv3, see “SNMP” on page 165.7. Configure the Gigabit 1 and Gigabit 2 network interfaces. The fields for each of these interfaces are the same, and include:a. Enable Interface: Choose Yes to enable this network interface, or choose No to disable the interface.b. Allow Management on Interface: Choose Yes to allow management of the Array via this network interface, or choose No to deny all management privileges for this interface.c. Configuration Server Protocol: Choose DHCP to instruct the Array to use DHCP to assign IP addresses to the Array’s Ethernet interfaces, or choose Static if you intend to enter IP addresses manually. If you choose the Static IP option, you must enter the following information:

Wi-Fi Array70 Installing the Wi-Fi ArrayIP Address: Enter a valid IP address for this Array. To use any of the remote connections (Web, SNMP, or SSH), a valid IP address must be used.IP Subnet Mask: Enter a valid IP address for the subnet mask(the default is 255.255.255.0). The subnet mask defines the number of IP addresses that are available on the routed subnet where the Array is located.Default Gateway: Enter a valid IP address for the default gateway. This is the IP address of the router that the Array uses to forward data to other networks.8. SSID Settings: This section specifies the wireless network name and security settings.a. SSID (Wireless Network Name): The SSID (Service Set Identifier) is a unique name that identifies a wireless network. All devices attempting to connect to a specific WLAN must use the same SSID. The default for this field is “xirrus.”For additional information about SSIDs, go to the Multiple SSIDssection of “Frequently Asked Questions” on page 404.b. Wireless Security: Select the desired wireless security scheme (Open, WEP, WPA, WPA2, or WPA-Both). WPA2 is recommended for the best Wi-Fi security.•Open — This option offers no data encryption and is not recommended, though you might choose this option if clients are required to use a VPN connection through a secure SSH utility, like PuTTy.•WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) — An optional IEEE 802.11 function that offers frame transmission privacy similar to a wired network. WEP generates secret shared encryption keys that both source and destination stations can use to alter frame bits to avoid disclosure to eavesdroppers.

Wi-Fi ArrayInstalling the Wi-Fi Array 71•WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) — A Wi-Fi Alliance standard that contains a subset of the IEEE 802.11i standard, using TKIP or AES as an encryption method and 802.1x for authentication. •WPA2 (Wi-Fi Protected Access 2) — WPA2 is the follow-on security method to WPA for wireless networks and provides stronger data protection and network access control. It offers Enterprise and consumer Wi-Fi users with a high level of assurance that only authorized users can access their wireless networks. Like WPA, WPA2 is designed to secure all versions of 802.11 devices, including 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, and 802.11n, multi-band and multi-mode.•WPA-Both (WPA and WPA2) — This option makes use of both WPA and WPA2.For more information about security, including a full review of all security options and settings, go to “Understanding Security” on page 176. c. WEP Encryption Key/Passphrase: Depending on the wireless security scheme you selected, enter a unique WEP key or WPA passphrase. This field and the one below only appear if you select a Wireless Security option other than Open.d. Confirm Encryption Key/Passphrase: If you entered a WEP key or WPA passphrase, confirm it here.e. Click Apply SSID Settings when done.9. Admin Settings: This section allows you to change the default admin username, password, and privileges for the Array. You may change the password and leave the user name as is, but we suggest that you change both to improve Array security. a. New Admin User (Replaces user “admin”): Enter the name of a new administrator user account. Be sure to record the new account name and password, because the default admin user will be deleted! Note that the Array also offers the option of authenticating administrators using a RADIUS server (see “Admin Management” on page 181)).

Wi-Fi Array72 Installing the Wi-Fi Arrayb. New Admin Privilege Level: By default, the new administrator will have read/write privileges on the Array (i.e., the new user will be able to change the configuration of the Array). If you wish the new account to have different privileges, select the desired level from the drop-down list. For more information about user privileges, please see “Admin Privileges” on page 183. c. New Admin Password: Enter a new administration password for managing this Array. If you forget this password, you must reset the Array to its factory defaults so that the password is reset to admin (its default setting). d. Confirm Admin Password: If you entered a new administration password, confirm the new password here.e. Click Apply Admin Settings when done.10. Time and Date Settings: This section specifies an optional time (NTP - Network Time Protocol) server or modifies the system time if you’re not using a server.a. Current Array Date and Time: This read-only field shows the current time for your convenience.b. Time Zone: Select your time zone from the choices available in the pull-down list.c. Auto Adjust Daylight Savings: If you are not using NTP, check this box if you want the system to adjust for daylight savings automatically, otherwise leave this box unchecked (default).d. Use Network Time Protocol: Check this box if you want to use an NTP server to synchronize the Array’s clock. Use of NTP is mandatory for Arrays to be managed with XMS (the Xirrus Management System), and ensures that Syslog time-stamping is maintained across all units. If you check Yes, the NTP server fields are displayed. If you don’t want to use an NTP server, leave this box unchecked (default) and set the system time on the Array manually.

Wi-Fi ArrayInstalling the Wi-Fi Array 73e. NTP Primary Server: If you are using NTP, enter the IP address or domain name of the NTP server.f. NTP Primary Authentication: If you are using authentication with NTP, select the type of key: MD5 or SHA1. Select None if you are not using authentication (this is the default). For more information on authenticated NTP, see “Time Settings (NTP)” on page 157. g. NTP Primary Authentication Key ID: Enter the key ID, which is a decimal integer.h. NTP Primary Authentication Key: Enter your key, which is a string of characters.i. NTP Secondary Server: Enter the IP address or domain name of an optional secondary NTP server to be used in case the Array is unable to contact the primary server. You may use the authentication fields as described above if you wish to set up authentication for the secondary server. j. Adjust Time (hrs:min:sec): If you are not using NTP, check this box if you want to adjust the current system time. When the box is checked, the time fields become active. Enter the revised time (hours, minutes, seconds, am/pm) in the corresponding fields. If you don’t want to adjust the current time, this box should be left unchecked (default).k. Adjust Date (month/day/year): If you are not using NTP, check this box if you want to adjust the current system date. When the box is checked, the date fields become active. Enter the revised date (month, day and year) in the corresponding fields. If you don’t want to adjust the current date, this box should be left unchecked (default).

Wi-Fi Array74 Installing the Wi-Fi Array11. IAP Settings:Enable/Configure All IAPs: Click on the Execute button to enable and auto configure all IAPs (a message displays the countdown time — in seconds — to complete the auto-configuration task). When an IAP is enabled, its LED is switched on. (see also “Array LED Operating Sequences” on page 63.)12. Click on the Save changes to flash button if you wish to make your changes permanent. This ends the Express Setup procedure.See AlsoEstablishing Communication with the ArrayInstallation PrerequisitesInstallation WorkflowLogging InMultiple SSIDsSecurity

Wi-Fi ArrayThe Web Management Interface 75The Web Management InterfaceThis topic provides an overview of the Xirrus Wi-Fi Array’s embedded Web Management Interface (WMI), used for establishing your network’s configuration settings and wireless operating parameters. It also includes login instructions. The following topics are discussed: An Overview Structure of the WMI User InterfaceLogging InApplying Configuration Changes

Wi-Fi Array76 The Web Management InterfaceAn OverviewThe WMI is an easy-to-use graphical interface to your Wi-Fi Array. It allows you to configure the product to suit your individual requirements and ensure that the unit functions efficiently and effectively.Figure 37. Web Management Interface

Wi-Fi ArrayThe Web Management Interface 77Structure of the WMI The content of the WMI is organized by function and hierarchy, shown in the following table. Click on any item below to jump to the referenced destination.Status WindowsArray Status WindowsArray SummaryArray InformationArray ConfigurationAdmin HistoryNetwork Status WindowsNetwork MapSpanning Tree StatusRouting TableARP TableDHCP LeasesConnection Tracking/NATCDP NeighborsNetwork AssuranceRF Monitor WindowsIAPsSpectrum AnalyzerIntrusion DetectionChannel HistoryStation Status WindowsStationsLocation MapRSSISignal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR)Noise FloorMax by IAPStation AssuranceStatistics WindowsIAP Statistics SummaryPer-IAP StatisticsNetwork StatisticsVLAN StatisticsWDS StatisticsFilter StatisticsStation StatisticsPer-Station StatisticsSystem Log WindowIDS Event Log Window

Wi-Fi Array78 The Web Management InterfaceConfiguration WindowsExpress SetupNetworkNetwork InterfacesDNS SettingsCDP SettingsServicesTime Settings (NTP)NetFlowWi-Fi TagSystem LogSNMPDHCP ServerVLANsVLAN ManagementSecurityAdmin ManagementAdmin PrivilegesAdmin RADIUSManagement ControlAccess Control ListGlobal SettingsExternal RadiusInternal RadiusRogue Control ListSSIDsSSID ManagementActive IAPsPer-SSID Access Control ListGroupsGroup ManagementConfiguration Windows (cont’d)IAPsIAP SettingsGlobal Settings (IAP)Global Settings .11aGlobal Settings .11bgGlobal Settings .11nAdvanced RF SettingsIntrusion DetectionLED SettingsWDSWDS Client LinksFiltersFilter ListsFilter ManagementClustersCluster DefinitionCluster ManagementCluster OperationTool WindowsSystem ToolsCLIOptionsLogout

Wi-Fi ArrayThe Web Management Interface 79User Interface The WMI has been designed with simplicity in mind, making navigation quick and easy. In the following example, you’ll see that windows are divided into left and right frames. Figure 38. WMI: Frames Left frame Right frame Array infoClick to configure/view statisticsLog Message countersPull-down menuHelp

Wi-Fi Array80 The Web Management InterfaceThe left frame contains three main elements:Menu organized by function (for example, Network, SSIDs, Security, etc.). Click a heading, such as Network, to display a summary of its current configuration, as well as an associated pull-down menu. The three major menu sections (Status, Configuration, To ols) may each be collapsed down to hide the headings under them. Click again to display the headings. (Figure 39 ) Three Log Messages counters are located at the bottom of the menu. They provide a running total of messages generated by the ArrayOS Syslog subsystem during your session — organized into Critical, Warning, and General messages. Click on a counter to display the associated Syslog messages. Messages at the selected level or higher will be shown. For more information, please see “System Log Window” on page 134. The Array representation contains shortcut links. Click a radio to view statistics for it. Click the center of the Array to display the IAP Settings window, which allows you to configure the Array’s radios. Figure 39. Major Menu Sections Collapsed (on left)The right frame displays the status information or configuration parameters for the Wi-Fi Array. This is where you review the Array’s current status and activity or input data (if you want to make changes). The green Array information bar at the top of the frame describes the Array — the Name and IP address allow you to

Wi-Fi ArrayThe Web Management Interface 81quickly confirm that WMI is connected to the correct Array. The current Uptime since the last reboot is also shown.Note that WMI provides options which allow you to change its appearance and behavior. You may change:Style — changes the colors and appearance of WMI (i.e., its “skin”).Refresh Interval — the refresh time when automatic refresh is selected.Close menu section when deselected — changes the behavior of the menu in the left frame.Clear screen when loading new page.See “Options” on page 309 for more information.Utility ButtonsAt the bottom of each window you will find a set of useful buttons — a Feedbackbutton, a Print button and a Help button. Figure 40. WMI: Utility ButtonsClick on the Feedback button to generate a Web page that allows you to submit your comments to Xirrus, Inc. You can also access the feedback Some settings are only available if the Array’s license includes appropriate Xirrus Advanced Feature Sets. If a setting is unavailable (grayed out), then your license does not support the feature. See “About Licensing and Upgrades” on page 297.Print buttonHelp buttonFeedback button

Wi-Fi Array82 The Web Management Interfacepage at http://www.xirrus.com/public/feedback/. Refer to Figure 41 on page 82 to see a sample of the feedback form.Click on the Print button to send a print file of the active window to your local printer.Click on the Help button to access the Array’s online help system.Submitting Your CommentsWhen submitting comments via the Feedback button (Figure 41 , ensure that you provide as much detail as possible, including your contact information, the product model number that the comment relates to, and the ArrayOS software version (if known). When finished, click on the Submit button to submit your comment.Figure 41. Feedback Form

Wi-Fi ArrayThe Web Management Interface 83Logging InUse this procedure to log in to the WMI via your Web browser. 1. Establish a network connection and open your Web browser.2. If your network supports DHCP and DNS, enter the Array’s default host name in the browser’s URL. The default host name is simply the Array’s serial number (for example, XN0823091CACD). Otherwise, enter the Array’s IP address. This may be determined as described in “Using the Ethernet Ports” on page 65. 3. To log in to the Array’s Web Management Interface, enter admin for both the user name and password.Figure 42. Logging In to the Wi-Fi ArrayApplying Configuration ChangesIn most of the WMI configuration windows, your changes to settings are applied to the Array as you make them. In most cases, there is no separate Apply button to click to make the changes take effect. There are a few exceptions to this rule. In these cases, a particular section of a page may have its own Apply Settingsbutton right below the settings. In both cases described above, the changes that you have made are not saved to the latest configuration file in the Array’s flash memory, so they will not be restored after a reboot. Click the Save changes to flash button (located on the upper right of each page) in order to make sure that these changes will be applied after rebooting. This will save the entire current configuration, not only the changes on current WMI page.

$Wi-Fi Array84 The Web Management InterfaceCharacter RestrictionsWhen inputting strings in the WMI (for example, assigning SSIDs, host name, password, etc.), use common alphanumeric characters. Some of the fields in the WMI will not accept special characters, so use of the following characters should typically be avoided: &<>' “/ \$

Cambium Networks XI-N300 802.11abgn 2x2 Module User Manual xirrus PDF

Xirrus, Inc. 802.11abgn 2x2 Module xirrus PDF

Contents

Manual part 1

Navigation menu

Namespaces

Views

Navigation