Cambium Networks XI-N300 802.11abgn 2x2 Module User Manual xirrus PDF

Xirrus, Inc. 802.11abgn 2x2 Module xirrus PDF

DRAFT5_ArrayGuide_XR_Rel6.1_RevD_Commentable-(1 of 2)

USER’S GUIDEHigh Performance Wireless NetworksWireless ArraysXR Series May 5, 2012 Release 6.1DRAFT5

All rights reserved. This document may not be reproduced or disclosed in whole or in part by any means without the written consent of Xirrus, Inc.Part Number: 800-0022-001(Revision D) Wireless Array™XR Series

Wireless ArrayiTable of ContentsList of Figures...................................................................................... xiIntroduction ......................................................................................... 1The Xirrus Family of Products ............................................................................... 1Nomenclature .................................................................................................... 3Why Choose the Xirrus Wireless Array? .............................................................. 3Wireless Array Product Overview ........................................................................ 5XR Wireless Array Product Family ................................................................ 6XR-1000 and XR-2000 Series Arrays ....................................................... 6XR-4000 Series Arrays ............................................................................... 7XR-6000 Series Arrays ............................................................................... 8Enterprise Class Security ................................................................................. 9Deployment Flexibility .................................................................................... 9Power over Gigabit Ethernet (PoGE) .................................................... 10Enterprise Class Management ...................................................................... 10Key Features and Benefits ..................................................................................... 12High Capacity and High Performance ........................................................ 12Extended Coverage ......................................................................................... 12Non-Overlapping Channels .......................................................................... 13SDMA Optimization ...................................................................................... 13Fast Roaming ................................................................................................... 13Easy Deployment ............................................................................................ 13Secure Wireless Access .................................................................................. 13Applications Enablement .............................................................................. 14Advanced Feature Sets .......................................................................................... 14Xirrus Advanced RF Performance Manager (RPM) .................................. 14Xirrus Advanced RF Security Manager (RSM) .......................................... 15Xirrus Advanced RF Analysis Manager (RAM) ......................................... 16About this User’s Guide ........................................................................................ 17Organization .................................................................................................... 17Notes and Cautions ........................................................................................ 19Screen Images .................................................................................................. 19Your User’s Guide as a PDF Document ...................................................... 19

Wireless ArrayiiHyperlinks ....................................................................................................... 19Product Specifications — XR Array Family ........................................................ 20Installing the Wireless Array........................................................... 21Installation Prerequisites ...................................................................................... 21Optional Network Components ................................................................... 23Client Requirements ....................................................................................... 23Planning Your Installation .................................................................................... 24General Deployment Considerations .......................................................... 24Coverage and Capacity Planning ................................................................. 26Placement .................................................................................................. 26RF Patterns ................................................................................................ 27Capacity and Cell Sizes ........................................................................... 28Fine Tuning Cell Sizes ............................................................................. 29Roaming Considerations ........................................................................ 30Allocating Channels ................................................................................ 30Deployment Examples ............................................................................ 33IEEE 802.11n Deployment Considerations ................................................. 35MIMO (Multiple-In Multiple-Out) ........................................................ 36Multiple Data Streams — Spatial Multiplexing ................................... 37Channel Bonding ..................................................................................... 38Improved MAC Throughput ................................................................. 39Short Guard Interval ............................................................................... 39Obtaining Higher Data Rates ................................................................. 40802.11n Capacity ...................................................................................... 41Failover Planning ............................................................................................ 41Switch Failover Protection ..................................................................... 43Power Planning ............................................................................................... 44Power over Gigabit Ethernet ................................................................. 44Security Planning ............................................................................................ 45Wireless Encryption ................................................................................ 45Authentication ......................................................................................... 45Port Requirements .......................................................................................... 47Network Management Planning .................................................................. 51WDS Planning ................................................................................................. 52Common Deployment Options .................................................................... 55Installation Workflow ........................................................................................... 56

Wireless ArrayiiiInstalling Your Wireless Array ............................................................................ 58Choosing a Location ....................................................................................... 58Wiring Considerations ............................................................................ 58Mounting the Array ....................................................................................... 61Dismounting the Array .................................................................................. 61Powering Up the Wireless Array ......................................................................... 62Array LED Operating Sequences ................................................................. 63LED Boot Sequence ................................................................................. 63LED Operation when Array is Running .............................................. 64Establishing Communication with the Array .................................................... 65Using the Serial Port ....................................................................................... 66Using the Ethernet Ports ................................................................................ 66Starting the WMI ............................................................................................. 67Logging In ........................................................................................................ 67Entering the License .............................................................................................. 67Performing the Express Setup Procedure ........................................................... 69Procedure for Performing an Express Setup .............................................. 70Securing Low Level Access to the Array ..................................................... 76The Web Management Interface ................................................... 79An Overview .......................................................................................................... 80Structure of the WMI ............................................................................................. 81User Interface ......................................................................................................... 83Utility Buttons .......................................................................................... 85Logging In ............................................................................................................... 87Applying Configuration Changes ....................................................................... 87Character Restrictions .................................................................................... 88Viewing Status on the Wireless Array ........................................... 89Array Status Windows .......................................................................................... 90Array Summary .............................................................................................. 90Content of the Array Summary Window ............................................ 91Array Information .......................................................................................... 95Array Configuration ....................................................................................... 96Admin History ................................................................................................ 97Network Status Windows ..................................................................................... 97Network ........................................................................................................... 98

Wireless ArrayivNetwork Map .................................................................................................. 99Content of the Network Map Window ................................................ 99Spanning Tree Status .................................................................................... 102Routing Table ................................................................................................ 103ARP Table ...................................................................................................... 103DHCP Leases ................................................................................................. 104Connection Tracking/NAT ......................................................................... 104CDP Neighbors ............................................................................................. 105Network Assurance ...................................................................................... 106RF Monitor Windows .......................................................................................... 107IAPs ................................................................................................................. 108Spectrum Analyzer ...................................................................................... 109Intrusion Detection ...................................................................................... 112Channel History ............................................................................................ 114Radio Assurance ........................................................................................... 116Station Status Windows ...................................................................................... 118Stations ........................................................................................................... 119Location Map ................................................................................................. 120RSSI ................................................................................................................. 125Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) ........................................................................ 127Noise Floor ..................................................................................................... 129Max by IAP .................................................................................................... 131Station Assurance ......................................................................................... 132Statistics Windows ............................................................................................... 134IAP Statistics Summary ................................................................................ 134Per-IAP Statistics ........................................................................................... 135Network Statistics ......................................................................................... 137VLAN Statistics ............................................................................................. 138WDS Statistics ................................................................................................ 139Filter Statistics ............................................................................................... 140Station Statistics ............................................................................................ 140Per-Station Statistics ..................................................................................... 141System Log Window ........................................................................................... 142IDS Event Log Window ...................................................................................... 143 Configuring the Wireless Array................................................... 147Express Setup ........................................................................................................ 149

Wireless ArrayvNetwork ................................................................................................................. 156Network Interfaces ...................................................................................... 157Network Interface Ports ........................................................................ 158Network Bonds ............................................................................................. 160DNS Settings .................................................................................................. 167CDP Settings .................................................................................................. 168Services .................................................................................................................. 170Time Settings (NTP) ..................................................................................... 171NetFlow .......................................................................................................... 173Wi-Fi Tag ....................................................................................................... 175System Log ..................................................................................................... 176SNMP .............................................................................................................. 179DHCP Server ................................................................................................. 182VLANs ................................................................................................................... 185Understanding Virtual Tunnels .......................................................... 185VLAN Management ..................................................................................... 187Security .................................................................................................................. 190Understanding Security ........................................................................ 191Certificates and Connecting Securely to the WMI ............................ 194Using the Array’s Default Certificate ................................................. 194Using an External Certificate Authority ............................................. 195Admin Management .................................................................................... 196Admin Privileges .......................................................................................... 198Admin RADIUS ............................................................................................ 200About Creating Admin Accounts on the RADIUS Server ............. 200Management Control ................................................................................... 203Access Control List ....................................................................................... 209Global Settings .............................................................................................. 212External Radius ............................................................................................. 216About Creating User Accounts on the RADIUS Server .................. 216Internal Radius .............................................................................................. 219Rogue Control List ........................................................................................ 222SSIDs ...................................................................................................................... 224Understanding SSIDs ............................................................................ 225Understanding QoS Priority on the Wireless Array ........................ 226SSID Management ........................................................................................ 231SSID List (top of page) .......................................................................... 232

Wireless ArrayviSSID Limits ............................................................................................. 236Web Page Redirect Configuration Settings ....................................... 237WPA Configuration Settings .............................................................. 241RADIUS Configuration Settings ......................................................... 242Active IAPs .................................................................................................... 243Per-SSID Access Control List ...................................................................... 244Groups ................................................................................................................... 246Understanding Groups ......................................................................... 246Using Groups ......................................................................................... 247Group Management ..................................................................................... 248Group Limits .......................................................................................... 250IAPs ........................................................................................................................ 253Understanding Fast Roaming .............................................................. 255IAP Settings ................................................................................................... 256Global Settings (IAP) ................................................................................... 261Beacon Configuration ........................................................................... 263Station Management ............................................................................. 263Advanced Traffic Optimization .......................................................... 264Global Settings .11an .................................................................................... 270Global Settings .11bgn .................................................................................. 274Global Settings .11n ...................................................................................... 279Advanced RF Settings .................................................................................. 282About Standby Mode ............................................................................ 282RF Monitor .............................................................................................. 283RF Resilience .......................................................................................... 284RF Power & Sensitivity ......................................................................... 285RF Spectrum Management ................................................................... 287Station Assurance .................................................................................. 288Intrusion Detection ....................................................................................... 291DoS Attacks ............................................................................................ 292Impersonation Attacks .......................................................................... 293About Blocking Rogue APs .................................................................. 294RF Intrusion Detection and Auto Block Mode .................................. 294DoS Attack Detection Settings ............................................................. 295Impersonation Detection Settings ....................................................... 296LED Settings .................................................................................................. 297DSCP Mappings ............................................................................................ 298

Wireless ArrayviiRoaming Assist .............................................................................................. 299WDS ....................................................................................................................... 302About Configuring WDS Links ........................................................... 302Long Distance Links .............................................................................. 303WDS Client Links .......................................................................................... 304Filters ..................................................................................................................... 308Filter Lists ...................................................................................................... 309Filter Management ....................................................................................... 311Clusters .................................................................................................................. 314Cluster Definition ........................................................................................ 315Cluster Management ................................................................................... 316Cluster Operation ........................................................................................ 317Using Tools on the Wireless Array............................................... 319System Tools ......................................................................................................... 320About Licensing and Upgrades ........................................................... 321System ..................................................................................................... 322Automatic Updates from Remote Image or Configuration File .... 323Configuration ......................................................................................... 324Diagnostics ............................................................................................. 326Web Page Redirect ................................................................................. 328Network Tools ........................................................................................ 329Progress and Status Frames ................................................................. 331CLI ......................................................................................................................... 332Options .................................................................................................................. 333Logout .................................................................................................................... 336The Command Line Interface ...................................................... 337Establishing a Secure Shell (SSH) Connection ................................................. 337Getting Started with the CLI .............................................................................. 339Inputting Commands ................................................................................... 339Getting Help .................................................................................................. 339Top Level Commands ......................................................................................... 341Root Command Prompt ............................................................................... 341configure Commands ................................................................................... 342show Commands .......................................................................................... 345statistics Commands ..................................................................................... 348

Wireless ArrayviiiConfiguration Commands .................................................................................. 350acl .................................................................................................................... 350admin .............................................................................................................. 351cdp ................................................................................................................... 352clear ................................................................................................................. 353cluster ............................................................................................................. 354contact-info .................................................................................................... 355date-time ........................................................................................................ 356dhcp-server .................................................................................................... 357dns ................................................................................................................... 358file .................................................................................................................... 359filter ................................................................................................................. 362Air Cleaner ............................................................................................. 363group .............................................................................................................. 366hostname ........................................................................................................ 366interface .......................................................................................................... 367load ................................................................................................................. 367location ........................................................................................................... 368management .................................................................................................. 368more ................................................................................................................ 370netflow ............................................................................................................ 371no ..................................................................................................................... 372quit .................................................................................................................. 374radius-server .................................................................................................. 374reboot .............................................................................................................. 375reset ................................................................................................................. 375restore ............................................................................................................. 376run-tests .......................................................................................................... 377security ........................................................................................................... 379snmp ............................................................................................................... 380ssid .................................................................................................................. 381syslog .............................................................................................................. 382uptime ............................................................................................................. 383vlan .................................................................................................................. 384wifi-tag ........................................................................................................... 385Sample Configuration Tasks .............................................................................. 386Configuring a Simple Open Global SSID .................................................. 387

Wireless ArrayixConfiguring a Global SSID using WPA-PEAP ......................................... 388Configuring an SSID-Specific SSID using WPA-PEAP ........................... 389Enabling Global IAPs ................................................................................... 390Disabling Global IAPs .................................................................................. 391Enabling a Specific IAP ................................................................................ 392Disabling a Specific IAP ............................................................................... 393Setting Cell Size Auto-Configuration for All IAPs .................................. 394Setting the Cell Size for All IAPs ................................................................ 395Setting the Cell Size for a Specific IAP ....................................................... 396Configuring VLANs on an Open SSID ...................................................... 397Configuring Radio Assurance Mode (Loopback Tests) .......................... 398Appendices..................................................................................... 401Appendix A: Quick Reference Guide ............................................................... 403Factory Default Settings ...................................................................................... 403Host Name ..................................................................................................... 403Network Interfaces ....................................................................................... 403Serial ........................................................................................................ 403Gigabit 1 and Gigabit 2 ......................................................................... 404Server Settings ............................................................................................... 404NTP .......................................................................................................... 404Syslog ...................................................................................................... 404SNMP ...................................................................................................... 405DHCP .............................................................................................................. 405Default SSID .................................................................................................. 406Security .......................................................................................................... 406Global Settings - Encryption ............................................................... 406External RADIUS (Global) .................................................................. 407Internal RADIUS .................................................................................... 408Administrator Account and Password ...................................................... 408Management .................................................................................................. 408Keyboard Shortcuts ............................................................................................. 409Appendix B: Technical Support ........................................................................ 411General Hints and Tips ....................................................................................... 411Frequently Asked Questions .............................................................................. 412Multiple SSIDs ............................................................................................... 412

Wireless ArrayxSecurity ........................................................................................................... 414VLAN Support .............................................................................................. 417Array Monitor and Radio Assurance Capabilities .......................................... 420Enabling Monitoring on the Array ..................................................... 420How Monitoring Works ............................................................................... 420Radio Assurance ........................................................................................... 421Radio Assurance Options ..................................................................... 422RADIUS Vendor Specific Attribute (VSA) for Xirrus ..................................... 423Upgrading the Array via CLI ............................................................................. 424Sample Output for the Upgrade Procedure: ............................................. 425Contact Information ............................................................................................ 429Appendix C: Notices ........................................................................................... 431Notices ................................................................................................................... 431EU Directive 1999/5/EC Compliance Information ........................................ 435Compliance Information (Non-EU) ................................................................... 442Safety Warnings ................................................................................................... 443Translated Safety Warnings ............................................................................... 444Software License and Product Warranty Agreement ..................................... 445Hardware Warranty Agreement ....................................................................... 451Glossary of Terms.......................................................................... 453Index................................................................................................ 465

Wireless ArrayList of Figures xiList of FiguresFigure 1. Xirrus Arrays: XR Series............................................................................ 1Figure 2. The Xirrus Management System .............................................................. 2Figure 3. Wireless Array (XR Series)........................................................................ 5Figure 4. Wireless Coverage Patterns ...................................................................... 9Figure 5. WMI: Array Status.................................................................................... 11Figure 6. Layout of IAPs (XR-7630) ........................................................................ 12Figure 7. Wall Thickness Considerations .............................................................. 25Figure 8. Unit Placement.......................................................................................... 26Figure 9. Full (Normal) Coverage........................................................................... 27Figure 10. Adjusting RF Patterns.............................................................................. 27Figure 11. Custom Coverage ..................................................................................... 28Figure 12. Connection Rate vs. Distance ................................................................. 28Figure 13. Transmit Power......................................................................................... 29Figure 14. Overlapping Cells..................................................................................... 30Figure 15. Allocating Channels Manually............................................................... 32Figure 16. Deployment Scenario (54 Mbps) — Per Sector...................................... 33Figure 17. Deployment Scenario (36 Mbps) — Per Sector...................................... 33Figure 18. Deployment Scenario (18 Mbps) — Per Sector...................................... 34Figure 19. Classic 802.11 Signal Transmission........................................................ 36Figure 20. MIMO Signal Processing......................................................................... 36Figure 21. Spatial Multiplexing................................................................................. 37Figure 22. Channel Bonding...................................................................................... 38Figure 23. MAC Throughput Improvements.......................................................... 39Figure 24. Computing 802.11n Data Rates .............................................................. 40Figure 25. Port Failover Protection........................................................................... 41Figure 26. Switch Failover Protection ..................................................................... 43Figure 27. Port Requirements for XMS .................................................................... 47Figure 28. WDS Link................................................................................................... 52Figure 29. A Multiple Hop WDS Connection ......................................................... 53Figure 30. WDS Failover Protection ......................................................................... 53Figure 31. Installation Workflow.............................................................................. 56Figure 32. Array Placement ....................................................................................... 58Figure 33. LED Locations........................................................................................... 62Figure 34. Network Interface Ports—XR-1000 Series ............................................ 65

Wi-Fi Arrayxii List of FiguresFigure 35. Network Interface Ports—XR-2000 Series ??OK?? .............................. 65Figure 36. Network Interface Ports—XR-4000 Series ............................................ 65Figure 37. Network Interface Ports—XR-6000 Series ............................................ 66Figure 38. Express Setup............................................................................................ 69Figure 39. Web Management Interface.................................................................... 80Figure 40. WMI: Frames............................................................................................. 83Figure 41. Major Menu Sections Collapsed (on left).............................................. 84Figure 42. WMI: Utility Buttons................................................................................ 85Figure 43. Feedback Form.......................................................................................... 86Figure 44. Logging In to the Wireless Array........................................................... 87Figure 45. Array Summary ........................................................................................ 90Figure 46. Disabled IAP (Partial View).................................................................... 93Figure 47. IAP Cells .................................................................................................... 94Figure 48. Array Information .................................................................................... 95Figure 49. Show Configuration................................................................................. 96Figure 50. Admin Login History............................................................................... 97Figure 51. Network Settings ...................................................................................... 98Figure 52. Network Map............................................................................................ 99Figure 53. Spanning Tree Status.............................................................................. 102Figure 54. Routing Table.......................................................................................... 103Figure 55. ARP Table ................................................................................................ 103Figure 56. DHCP Leases........................................................................................... 104Figure 57. Connection Tracking.............................................................................. 104Figure 58. CDP Neighbors....................................................................................... 105Figure 59. Network Assurance................................................................................ 106Figure 60. RF Monitor — IAPs ................................................................................. 108Figure 61. RF Monitor — IAPs ................................................................................. 108Figure 62. RF Spectrum Analyzer........................................................................... 110Figure 63. Intrusion Detection/Rogue AP List..................................................... 112Figure 64. RF Monitor — Channel History............................................................. 114Figure 65. RF Monitor — Channel History (Rotated) ........................................... 115Figure 66. RF Monitor — Channel History (Text) ................................................. 115Figure 67. Radio Assurance..................................................................................... 116Figure 68. Stations..................................................................................................... 119Figure 69. Location Map........................................................................................... 120Figure 70. Controls for Location Map.................................................................... 122Figure 71. Minimizing stations................................................................................ 123

Wireless ArrayList of Figures xiiiFigure 72. Station RSSI Values ............................................................................... 125Figure 73. Station RSSI Values — Colorized Graphical View ............................ 126Figure 74. Station Signal-to-Noise Ratio Values .................................................. 127Figure 75. Station SNR Values — Colorized Graphical View.............................. 128Figure 76. Station Noise Floor Values ................................................................... 129Figure 77. Station Noise Floor Values — Colorized Graphical View ................ 130Figure 78. Max by IAP.............................................................................................. 131Figure 79. Station Assurance ................................................................................... 132Figure 80. IAP Statistics Summary Page................................................................ 135Figure 81. Individual IAP Statistics Page ............................................................. 136Figure 82. Network Statistics................................................................................... 137Figure 83. VLAN Statistics....................................................................................... 138Figure 84. WDS Statistics ......................................................................................... 139Figure 85. Filter Statistics ......................................................................................... 140Figure 86. Station Statistics ...................................................................................... 140Figure 87. Individual Station Statistics Page......................................................... 141Figure 88. System Log (Alert Level Highlighted) ................................................ 142Figure 89. IDS Event Log ........................................................................................ 143Figure 90. WMI: Express Setup .............................................................................. 149Figure 91. Network Interfaces................................................................................. 156Figure 92. Network Settings .................................................................................... 157Figure 93. Network Interface Ports......................................................................... 158Figure 94. Network Bonds....................................................................................... 161Figure 95. Port Modes (a, b)..................................................................................... 162Figure 96. Port Modes (c) ......................................................................................... 163Figure 97. Port Modes (d) ........................................................................................ 164Figure 98. Mirroring Traffic..................................................................................... 166Figure 99. DNS Settings............................................................................................ 167Figure 100. CDP Settings............................................................................................ 168Figure 101. Services..................................................................................................... 170Figure 102. Time Settings (Manual Time)................................................................ 171Figure 103. Time Settings (NTP Time Enabled)...................................................... 172Figure 104. NetFlow.................................................................................................... 174Figure 105. Wi-Fi Tag.................................................................................................. 175Figure 106. System Log .............................................................................................. 176Figure 107. SNMP ....................................................................................................... 179Figure 108. DHCP Management............................................................................... 182

Wi-Fi Arrayxiv List of FiguresFigure 109. VLANs...................................................................................................... 185Figure 110. VLAN Management............................................................................... 187Figure 111. Security..................................................................................................... 190Figure 112. Import Xirrus Certificate Authority..................................................... 194Figure 113. Admin Management .............................................................................. 196Figure 114. Admin Privileges ................................................................................... 198Figure 115. Admin RADIUS...................................................................................... 201Figure 116. Management Control ............................................................................. 203Figure 117. Pre-login Banner ..................................................................................... 204Figure 118. Access Control List................................................................................. 210Figure 119. Global Settings (Security) ...................................................................... 212Figure 120. External RADIUS Server ....................................................................... 216Figure 121. Internal RADIUS Server ........................................................................ 219Figure 122. Rogue Control List ................................................................................. 222Figure 123. SSIDs......................................................................................................... 224Figure 124. Four Traffic Classes................................................................................ 226Figure 125. Priority Level—IEEE 802.1p (Layer 2)................................................. 227Figure 126. Priority Level—DSCP (DiffServ - Layer 3) ......................................... 227Figure 127. SSID Management.................................................................................. 231Figure 128. SSID Management.................................................................................. 235Figure 129. WPR Internal Splash Page Fields (SSID Management)..................... 238Figure 130. Customizing an Internal Login or Splash Page.................................. 241Figure 131. Setting Active IAPs per SSID ................................................................ 243Figure 132. Per-SSID Access Control List................................................................ 244Figure 133. Groups...................................................................................................... 246Figure 134. Group Management .............................................................................. 248Figure 135. IAPs........................................................................................................... 253Figure 136. Source of Channel Setting ..................................................................... 254Figure 137. IAP Settings ............................................................................................. 256Figure 138. Global Settings (IAPs)............................................................................ 261Figure 139. Global Settings .11an.............................................................................. 270Figure 140. Global Settings .11bgn ........................................................................... 274Figure 141. Global Settings .11n................................................................................ 279Figure 142. Advanced RF Settings............................................................................ 282Figure 143. Station Assurance (Advanced RF Settings) ........................................ 289Figure 144. Intrusion Detection Settings.................................................................. 291Figure 145. LED Settings............................................................................................ 297

Wireless ArrayList of Figures xvFigure 146. DSCP Mappings...................................................................................... 298Figure 147. Roaming Assist ....................................................................................... 300Figure 148. WDS.......................................................................................................... 302Figure 149. .Configuring a WDS Link...................................................................... 303Figure 150. WDS Client Links ................................................................................... 304Figure 151. Filters........................................................................................................ 308Figure 152. Filter Lists ................................................................................................ 309Figure 153. Filter Management ................................................................................ 311Figure 154. Clusters .................................................................................................... 314Figure 155. Cluster Definition ................................................................................... 315Figure 156. Cluster Management.............................................................................. 316Figure 157. Cluster Mode Operation........................................................................ 317Figure 158. Cluster Mode Activation ....................................................................... 317Figure 159. Viewing Statistics in Cluster Mode...................................................... 318Figure 160. System Tools............................................................................................ 320Figure 161. Saving the Diagnostic Log..................................................................... 327Figure 162. Managing WPR Splash/Login page files............................................ 328Figure 163. System Command (Ping)....................................................................... 329Figure 164. Radius Ping Command.......................................................................... 329Figure 165. Radius Ping Output................................................................................ 330Figure 166. CLI Window............................................................................................ 332Figure 167. WMI Display Options............................................................................ 333Figure 168. iPhone Style Option................................................................................ 334Figure 169. Login Window ........................................................................................ 336Figure 170. Logging In................................................................................................ 338Figure 171. Help Window.......................................................................................... 339Figure 172. Full Help .................................................................................................. 340Figure 173. Partial Help.............................................................................................. 340Figure 174. Air Cleaner Filter Rules ......................................................................... 364Figure 175. Configuring a Simple Open Global SSID............................................ 387Figure 176. Configuring a Global SSID using WPA-PEAP................................... 388Figure 177. Configuring an SSID-Specific SSID using WPA-PEAP..................... 389Figure 178. Enabling Global IAPs............................................................................. 390Figure 179. Disabling Global IAPs............................................................................ 391Figure 180. Enabling a Specific IAP.......................................................................... 392Figure 181. Disabling a Specific IAP......................................................................... 393Figure 182. Setting the Cell Size for All IAPs.......................................................... 394

Wi-Fi Arrayxvi List of FiguresFigure 183. Setting the Cell Size for All IAPs.......................................................... 395Figure 184. Setting the Cell Size for a Specific IAP ................................................ 396Figure 185. Configuring VLANs on an Open SSID................................................ 397Figure 186. Configuring Radio Assurance Mode (Loopback Testing)................ 399

Wireless ArrayIntroduction 1IntroductionThese topics introduce the Xirrus Wireless Array, including an overview of its key features and benefits. “The Xirrus Family of Products” on page 1.“Why Choose the Xirrus Wireless Array?” on page 3.“Wireless Array Product Overview” on page 5.“Key Features and Benefits” on page 12.“Advanced Feature Sets” on page 14.“About this User’s Guide” on page 17.The Xirrus Family of ProductsFigure 1. Xirrus Arrays: XR Series The Xirrus family of products includes the following:The XR Series of Xirrus Wireless Arrays The newest Xirrus Wireless Arrays have been completely redesigned to provide distributed intelligence, integrated switching capacity of up to 10 Gbps, increased bandwidth, and smaller size. The radios support IEEE802.11 a, b, g, and n clients, and feature the capacity and performance needed to replace switched Ethernet to the desktop. Modular radios allow you to increase the number of radios, upgrade to more powerful radios, or even upgrade later to future technologies like 802.11ac and 802.11.ad as they are introduced.

Wireless Array2 IntroductionXirrus Management System (XMS)XMS is used for managing large Array deployments from a centralized Web-based interface. The XMS server is available pre-installed on the Xirrus Management Appliance series, or as a software package to be installed on your own server hardware (optionally under VMware).Figure 2 illustrates the elements of the Xirrus Management System. Users start the XMS client simply by entering the URL of the XMS server on a web browser. The XMS server manages a number of Wireless Arrays via SNMP. Figure 2. The Xirrus Management SystemIf you need detailed information about this product, refer to the XMS User’s Guide.Xirrus Power over Gigabit Ethernet (PoGE)The PoGE modules eliminate the need for running separate power cabling. Additionally, an available eight port module provides distributed power to multiple Arrays, facilitating backup power when connected via a UPS.

Wireless ArrayIntroduction 3NomenclatureThroughout this User’s Guide, the Xirrus Wireless Array is also referred to as simply the Array. In some instances, the terms product and unit are also used. When discussing specific products from the Xirrus family, the product name is used (for example, XR-4830). The Wireless Array’s operating system is referred to as the ArrayOS. The Web Management Interface for browser-based management of the Array is referred to as WMI. The XR Series Arrays have very flexible radio capabilities — each of the radios may be independently configured to support IEEE802.11a, 11b, 11g, or 11n clients or a combination of client types. One radio is typically assigned as the RF monitorradio, supporting intrusion detection and prevention, self-monitoring, and other services. Radios support both 2.4GHz and 5 GHz, and are named iap1, iap2, ... iapn. The Xirrus Management System is referred to as XMS. The Power over Gigabit Ethernet system may be referred to as PoGE.Why Choose the Xirrus Wireless Array?The deployment of wireless is a necessity as businesses strive for greater flexibility in the workplace and the need for employee mobility rises. The user community is placing spiraling and often unanticipated demands on the wireless network, with the rapid proliferation of devices such as iPads and wireless enabled phones. Xirrus Wireless Arrays have the capability to support the large number of user devices present in today’s environments, with superior range and coverage. Wireless is compatible with standard Ethernet protocols, so connectivity with existing wired infrastructure is transparent to users — they can still access and use the same applications and network services that they use when plugged into the company’s wired LAN (it’s only the plug that no longer exists).Wireless has come a long way in the past few years and now offers the performance, reliability and security that Enterprise customers have come to expect from their networks. The technology is being driven by four major IEEE standards:

Wireless Array4 Introduction802.11aOperates in the 5 GHz range with a maximum speed of 54 Mbps.802.11bOperates in the 2.4 GHz range with a maximum speed of 11 Mbps. 802.11gSupports a higher transmission speed of 54 Mbps in the 2.4 GHz range and is backwards compatible with 802.11b.802.11nUses multiple antennas per radio to boost transmission speed as high as450Mbps, increasing throughput, range, and maximum number of users. 802.11n is backwards compatible with 802.11a/b/g.Whether you have just a handful of users or thousands of users, wireless has the scalability and flexibility to serve your needs.See AlsoKey Features and BenefitsWireless Array Product OverviewThe Xirrus Family of Products

Wireless ArrayIntroduction 5Wireless Array Product OverviewPart of the family of Xirrus products, the Wireless Array is a high capacity, multi-mode device designed with four times the coverage and eight times the bandwidth and user density compared with legacy thin access point wireless products. Its distributed intelligence eliminates the use of separate controllers and their accompanying bottlenecks. Each radio, with its directional high-gain antennas, can achieve 450 Mbps throughput.Figure 3. Wireless Array (XR Series) The Wireless Array (regardless of the product model) is Wi-Fi® compliant and simultaneously supports 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, and 802.11n clients. The multi-state design allows you to assign radios to 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands (or both) in any desired arrangement. Integrated switching and active enterprise class features such as VLAN support and multiple SSID capability enable robust network compatibility and a high level of scalability and system control. The optional Xirrus Management System (XMS) allows global management of hundreds of Arrays from a central location.Multiple versions of the Array with different numbers of Integrated Access Points (IAPs) support a variety of deployment applications.

Wireless Array6 IntroductionXR Wireless Array Product FamilyXR-1000 and XR-2000 Series Arraysxxx Shelly - check pagination before final. These Arrays include models with one Gigabit Ethernet port and two or four multi-state radios (2.4GHz or 5GHz) that can support 300Mbps or 450Mbps, connecting upwards of 320 users at one time. The Xirrus XR-1000 Series Wireless Array is a two slot chassis available in a two multi-state (2.4GHz or 5GHz) radio configuration supporting up to 160 users with up to 900Mbps of bandwidth (up to 450 Mbps per radio). The XR-1000 provides flexibility for delivering wireless service in low user density scenarios, challenging deployments in areas with high RF attenuation, and in isolated or physically separated locations. The elliptical-shaped coverage pattern produced by its directional antennas is ideal for covering facilities with central hallways and adjacent rooms commonly found in office buildings, hotels, and dormitories.The Xirrus XR-2000 Series Wireless Array is a four slot chassis available in a fourmulti-state (2.4GHz or 5GHz) radio configuration supporting up to 320 users with up to 1.8Gbps of bandwidth. These models support a range of low to high-performance applications, including offices, hospitals, campuses and classrooms, and hotels. Like all XR Arrays, these models integrate multi-state radios with high gain directional antennas, an onboard multi-gigabit switch, controller, firewall, threat sensor and spectrum analyzer all built on a modular chassis designed for future extensibility. FeatureXR-1220XR-1230XR-2220XR-2230XR-2420XR-2430No. radios: 802.11 a/b/g/n/monitor 222244Radio type 2x2 3x3 2x2 3x3 2x2 3x3# Integrated antennas4646812Integrated wireless switch ports 224444

Wireless ArrayIntroduction 7XR-4000 Series ArraysThese Arrays include models with two Gigabit Ethernet ports and four or eight radios (IAPs), connecting up to 640 users at one time and offering a maximum wireless bandwidth of 3.6 Gbps (up to 450 Mbps per radio). Smaller models may be upgraded to eight radios later when your needs change. Integrated RF spectrum analyzer, threat sensors Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes1 Gigabit Uplink Ports 111111Wireless bandwidth 600 Mbps 900 Mbps 600 Mbps 900 Mbps 1.2 Gbps 1.8 GbpsUsers supported 480 480 480 480 960 960Feature XR-4420 XR-4430 XR-4820 XR-4830Number of radios:802.11a/b/g/n/monitor 4488Radio type 2x2 3x3 2x2 3x3# Integrated antennas 8 12 16 24Integrated wireless switch ports 8888Integrated RF spectrum analyzer, threat sensors Yes Yes Yes Yes1 Gigabit Uplink Ports 2 2 2 2Wireless bandwidth 1.2 Gbps 1.8 Gbps 2.4 Gbps 3.6 GbpsUsers supported 960 960 1920 1920FeatureXR-1220XR-1230XR-2220XR-2230XR-2420XR-2430

Wireless Array8 IntroductionXR-6000 Series ArraysThese Arrays include models with four Gigabit Ethernet ports and up to sixteen radios, connecting up to 1280 users at one time and offering a maximum wireless bandwidth of 7.2 Gbps (up to 450 Mbps per radio). Smaller models may be upgraded to sixteen radios later when your needs change. A 10 Gigabit modular Ethernet expansion port (DVI connector) is available to meet high traffic demands. It is used only with an optional Xirrus 10 Gig fiber optics adapter. See AlsoKey Features and BenefitsWireless Array Product OverviewPower over Gigabit Ethernet (PoGE)FeatureXR-6820XR-6830XR-7220XR-7230XR-7620XR-7630Number of radios:802.11a/b/g/n/monitor 8 8 12 12 16 16Radio type 2x2 3x3 2x2 3x3 2x2 3x3Number of integrated antennas 16 24 24 36 32 48Integrated wireless switch ports 16 16 16 16 16 16Integrated RF spectrum analyzer, threat sensors YesYesYesYesYesYes1 Gigabit Uplink Ports 444444External 10 Gigabit Modular Expansion Port 111111Wireless bandwidth (Gbps) 2.4 3.6 3.6 5.4 4.8 7.2Users supported 896 896 1344 1344 1792 1792

Wireless ArrayIntroduction 9Why Choose the Xirrus Wireless Array?Enterprise Class SecurityThe latest and most effective wireless encryption security standards, including WPA (Wireless Protected Access) and WPA2 with 802.11i AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) are available on the Wireless Array. In addition, the use of an embedded RADIUS server (or 802.1x with an external RADIUS server) ensures user authentication — multiple Arrays can authenticate to the optional XMS, ensuring only authorized Arrays become part of the wireless network. With the Xirrus Advanced Feature Sets, intrusion detection and prevention, site monitoring, and RF spectrum analysis are performed in the background by the Array automatically.Deployment FlexibilityXirrus’ unique multi-radio architecture generates 360 degrees of sectored high-gain 802.11a/b/g/n coverage that provides extended range and the highest possible data rates for a large volume of clients. Each sector can be adjusted automatically or manually, creating a pattern of wireless coverage perfectly tailored to individual customer needs. For example:Figure 4. Wireless Coverage PatternsFigure 4 depicts the following two scenarios:Full pattern coverageoutside wall

Wireless Array10 IntroductionAll radios are activated with coverage spanning 360 degrees. If within range, clients will always receive coverage regardless of their geographic position relative to the Array. Radios may be assigned to 2.4 GHz and/or 5.0 GHz bands in any desired pattern.Partial pattern coverageIf desired, the Wireless Array can be deployed close to an exterior wall. In this case, half of all available radios have been deactivated to prevent redundant signals from “bleeding” beyond the site’s perimeter wall. This configuration may also be used in those cases where you want to restrict wireless coverage to selected areas of the building’s interior.Power over Gigabit Ethernet (PoGE) The Xirrus Power over Gigabit Ethernet modules provide power to your Arrays over the same Cat 5e or Cat 6 cable used for data, eliminating the need to run power cables and provide an AC power outlet in proximity to each unit. Managed modules provide the ability to control power using XMS.Enterprise Class Management The Wireless Array can be configured with its default RF settings, or the RF settings can be customized using the Array’s embedded Web Management

Wireless ArrayIntroduction 11Interface (WMI). The WMI enables easy configuration and control from a graphical console, plus a full complement of troubleshooting tools and statistics. Figure 5. WMI: Array Status In addition, a fully featured Command Line Interface (CLI) offers IT professionals a familiar management and control environment. SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) is also supported to allow management from an SNMP compliant management tool, such as the optional Xirrus Management System.For deployments of more than five Arrays, we recommend that you use the Xirrus Management System (XMS). The XMS offers a rich set of features for fine control over large deployments.

Wireless Array12 IntroductionKey Features and BenefitsThis section describes some of the key product features and the benefits you can expect when deploying the Wireless Array (the XR-7630 product is used as an example in this section). High Capacity and High Performance Figure 6. Layout of IAPs (XR-7630) The XR-7630 version of the Wireless Array (Figure 6) enables wireless connectivity and easily handles time-sensitive traffic such as voice. This model includes four Gigabit uplink ports for connection to the wired network. Its sixteen IAPs (radios) provide a maximum wireless capacity of 7.2 Gbps, which offers ample reserves for the high demands of current and future applications. Of the sixteen IAPs, fifteen operate as radios which may be set up to serve your choice of client types — any or all of 802.11a/b/g/n (5 GHz or 2.4 GHz bands), providing backwards compatibility with 802.11b and 802.11g.In the recommended configuration, one IAP is configured in RF monitoring and intrusion detection/prevention mode.Extended CoverageOne XR-7630 solution enables you to replace fifteen access points (including one omnidirectional IAP for monitoring the network). Fifteen IAP radios with integrated directional antennas provide increased wireless range and enhanced

Wireless ArrayIntroduction 13data rates in all directions. With a Wireless Array deployed, far fewer access points are needed and wired-like resiliency is delivered throughout your wireless network. Your Wireless Array deployment ensures:Continuous connectivity if an IAP (radio) fails.Continuous connectivity if an Array fails.Continuous connectivity if a WDS link or switch fails.Continuous connectivity if a Gigabit uplink or switch fails.Non-Overlapping ChannelsComplete use of non-overlapping channels limits interference and delivers maximum capacity. On the XR-7630, up to 16 non-overlapping channels are fully utilized across the 5GHz and 2.4GHz spectrums.SDMA OptimizationSDMA (Spatial Division Multiple Access) technology provides full 360° coverage while allowing independent channel and power output customization. Also supports fast inter-zone handoffs for time-sensitive applications and roaming.Fast RoamingUtilizes the Xirrus Roaming Protocol (XRP) ensuring fast and seamless roaming capabilities between IAPs or Arrays at both Layer 2 and Layer 3.Easy DeploymentThe Xirrus Management System (XMS) offers real time monitoring and management capabilities for the wireless network — ideal for the Enterprise market. It also allows you to import floor plans to help you plan your deployment. The Xirrus Wireless Array chassis has a plenum rated, lockable and tamper resistant case. Secure Wireless AccessMultiple layers of authentication and encryption ensure secure data transmissions. The Wireless Array is 802.11i compliant with line-rate encryption support for 40 and 128 bit WEP, WPA and WPA2 with TKIP and AES encryption. Authentication is provided via 802.1x, including PEAP, EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS,

Wireless Array14 IntroductionEAP-SIM, EAP-GRC, and LEAP (Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol) passthrough. Intrusion detection and prevention provide proactive monitoring of the environment for threats. Applications EnablementThe Wireless Array’s QoS (Quality of Service) functionality combined with true switch capabilities enable high density video and Voice over Wireless LAN deployments. Compliant with 802.1p and 802.1Q standards. Advanced Feature Sets The Wireless Array offers a family of powerful functionality packages, including the RF Performance Manager (RPM), RF Security Manager (RSM), and RF Analysis Manager (RAM). These packages are separately licensed for operation on your Array. Xirrus Advanced RF Performance Manager (RPM)The Xirrus RPM optimizes the bandwidth usage and station performance of 802.11n wireless networks. Leveraging the multiple integrated access point (multi-radio) design of the Xirrus Wireless Array, RPM manages the allocation of wireless bandwidth to wireless stations across multiple RF channels. The result maximizes overall network performance with superior flexibility and capacity. Today's wireless infrastructure is faced with ever increasing numbers and variations of wireless enabled clients, whether in the form of notebooks, netbooks, smart phones, IP phones, printers, projectors, cameras, RFID tags, etc. The advent of higher speed 802.11n wireless and its increased use of the 5GHz spectrum adds to the number of variables today's wireless networks must accommodate. Backwards compatibility with older clients is crucial, however their operation in a wireless network can significantly hinder the performance of faster clients. As an example, 802.11b wireless stations communicate more than 10 times slower than 802.11n stations. With each of the Array’s multiple radios operating on a different channel, RPM selects the ideal radio for each station. High-speed stations are grouped together on radios with other high speed stations, while lower speed stations are combined

Wireless ArrayIntroduction 15with other lower speed stations. This ensures optimal performance for high-speed 802.11n stations without compromise. The complete feature set of the RPM package includes: WDS (Wireless Distribution System) for point-to-point communicationWireless Mode per IAPSharp Cell technologyWireless Data Rate OptimizationWireless Traffic ShapingWireless Voice Call Admission ControlFast Layer 2 and 3 Roaming Standby Mode Xirrus Advanced RF Security Manager (RSM)The Xirrus RSM improves security and minimizes the risk in deploying 802.11n wireless networks. Leveraging an integrated 24/7 threat sensor and hardware-based encryption/decryption in each Array, RSM secures the wireless network from multiple types of threats. The result delivers uncompromised overall network security with superior flexibility and performance. Today's wireless networks face a number of potential security threats in the form of rogue access points, ad-hoc clients, unauthorized clients, wireless-based attacks, eavesdropping, etc. As 802.11n is increasingly adopted in enterprise networks, defending against these threats becomes more critical. With the Array’s dedicated threat sensor radio scanning all channels in the 2.4GHz and 5GHz spectrums, RSM searches for security threats and automatically mitigates them. High performance encryption/decryption in the enterprise wireless network is a must. The wireless network needs to support each client using the highest level of encryption (WPA2 Enterprise/128 bit AES) and without degrading the overall performance of the network. Xirrus incorporates hardware-based encryption/decryption into each Array, delivering line-rate encryption at the edge of the network instead of at a choke point within a centralized controller.

Wireless Array16 IntroductionThe complete feature set of the RSM package includes: Wireless IDS/IPS (Intrusion Detection/Prevention System)Wireless stateful firewallUser group policiesAuthenticated guest access gatewayNAC integrationXirrus Advanced RF Analysis Manager (RAM)The RF Advanced Analysis Manager (RAM) tests and troubleshoots 802.11n wireless networks. The deployment of 802.11n presents a set of unique challenges based on technology differences with legacy 802.11a/b/g networks, both on the wireless infrastructure and client side. Xirrus' RAM equips each Wireless Array with a powerful set of tools and features to optimally tune and verify an 802.11n installation, as well as give IT administrators the ability to troubleshoot issues that may occur within the wireless environment. The 802.11n standard will continue to evolve over the next several years with additional performance and optional functions, along with ongoing stream of IEEE 802.11 amendments. This changing wireless landscape mandates that appropriate tools are available to the user to analyze, optimize, and troubleshoot their changing environments. The distributed architecture of the Array enables the execution of powerful wireless and networking analysis at the edge of the network where packets traverse the wireless-to-wired boundary. The Array includes an embedded wireless controller with the necessary computing and memory resources to provide these functions securely at the network's edge. The key elements of the RAM package include: RF Analysis – An embedded Spectrum Analyzer leverages the dedicated threat sensor radio in each Wireless Array to provide a continual view of utilization, interference, and errors across all available wireless channels.Packet Analysis – Integrated packet capture provides filterable views of all traffic traversing on the wired and wireless interfaces of the Array.

Wireless ArrayIntroduction 17Performance Analysis – Embedded traffic generation enables the throughput of the Array’s wireless or wired interfaces to be analyzed.Failure Recovery – Radio Assurance provides an automatic self-test and self healing mechanism that ensures continuous system operation.Netflow SupportNetwork Tools: ping, RADIUS ping, tracerouteAbout this User’s GuideThis User’s Guide provides detailed information and procedures that will enable wireless network administrators to install, configure and manage the Wireless Array so that end users can take full advantage of the product’s features and functionality without technical assistance.OrganizationTopics and procedures are organized by function under the following chapter headings: IntroductionProvides a brief introduction to wireless technology, an overview of the product, including its key features and benefits, and presents the product specifications.Installing the Wireless ArrayDefines prerequisites for deploying and installing the Array and provides instructions to help you plan and complete a successful installation.The Web Management InterfaceOffers an overview of the product’s embedded Web Management Interface, including its content and structure. It emphasizes what you need to do to ensure that any configuration changes you make are applied, and provides a list of restricted characters. It also includes instructions for logging in to the Array with your Web browser.Viewing Status on the Wireless ArrayDescribes the status and statistics displays available on the Array using its embedded Web Management Interface.

Wireless Array18 Introduction Configuring the Wireless ArrayContains procedures for configuring the Array using its embedded Web Management Interface. Using Tools on the Wireless ArrayContains procedures for using utility tools provided in the Web Management Interface. It includes procedures for upgrading the system firmware, uploading and downloading configurations and other files, using diagnostic tools, and resetting the Array to its factory defaults.The Command Line InterfaceIncludes the commands and the command structure used by the Wireless Array’s Command Line Interface (CLI), and provides a procedure for establishing a Telnet connection to the Array. This chapter also includes some sample key configuration tasks using the CLI.Appendix A: Quick Reference Guide Contains the product’s factory default settings.Appendix B: Technical SupportOffers guidance to resolve technical issues, including general hints and tips to enhance your product experience, and a procedure for isolating problems within an Array-enabled wireless network. Also includes Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) and Xirrus contact information.Appendix C: NoticesContains the legal notices, licensing, and compliance statements for the Array. Please read this section carefully.Glossary of TermsProvides an explanation of terms directly related to Xirrus product technology, organized alphabetically.IndexThe index is a valuable information search tool. Use the index to locate specific topics discussed in this User’s Guide. Simply click on any page number in the index to jump to the referenced topic.

Wireless ArrayIntroduction 19Notes and CautionsThe following symbols are used throughout this User’s Guide: Screen ImagesSome screen images of the Web Management Interface have been modified for clarity. For example, an image may have been cropped to highlight a specific area of the screen, and/or sample data may be included in some fields.Your User’s Guide as a PDF DocumentThis User’s Guide is also made available as a secure PDF (Portable Document Format) file and can be viewed using the Adobe® Acrobat Reader® product. It cannot be edited or modified. If you don’t have Acrobat Reader, you can download it free-of-charge from: http://www.adobe.com.HyperlinksIf you click on body text that appears in the color TEAL (with the exception of headings or notes) the embedded hyperlink within the text will immediately take you to the referenced destination. All internal and external cross-references, including page numbers within the List of Figures and the Index, have associated hyperlinks. After “jumping” to a referenced topic, if you want to return to the previous page (reference source), simply click on Acrobat’s previous page button.This symbol is used for general notes that provide useful supplemental information.!This symbol is used for cautions. Cautions provide critical information that may adversely affect the performance of the product.

Wireless Array20 IntroductionProduct Specifications — XR Array FamilyPlease refer to the Xirrus web site for the latest specifications for these Arrays—www.xirrus.com

Wireless ArrayInstalling the Wireless Array 21Installing the Wireless ArrayThe instructions for completing a successful installation include the following topics: “Installation Prerequisites” on page 21.“Planning Your Installation” on page 24.“Installation Workflow” on page 56.“Installing Your Wireless Array” on page 58.“Powering Up the Wireless Array” on page 62.“Establishing Communication with the Array” on page 65.“Performing the Express Setup Procedure” on page 69.Installation PrerequisitesYour Wireless Array deployment requires the presence of hardware and services in the host wired/wireless network, including:Power Source Most Arrays are powered via Xirrus Power over Gigabit Ethernet. PoGE supplies power over the same Cat 5e or Cat 6 cable used for data, thus reducing cabling and installation effort. PoGE power injector modules are available in 1-, 2-, and 8-port configurations and are typically placed near your Gigabit Ethernet switch. An AC outlet is required for each injector module. Current Array models have integrated splitters, so no separate splitter is required. Ethernet ports You need at least one 100/1000 BaseT port to establish wired Gigabit Ethernet connectivity. XR Series Arrays have one, two, or four Gigabit ports, depending on the model (see “XR Wireless Array Product Family” on page 6).

Wireless Array22 Installing the Wireless ArraySecure Shell (SSH) utilityTo establish secure remote command line access to the Array, you need a Secure Shell (SSH) utility, such as PuTTY. The utility must be configured to use SSH-2, since the Array will only allow SSH-2 connections. Secure Web browserEither Internet Explorer (version 7.0 or higher), Mozilla Firefox (version 3.0 or higher), Chrome (version 3.0 or higher), or Safari (version 5.0 or higher). A secure Web browser is required for Web-based management of the Array. The browser must be on the same subnet as the Array, or you must set a static route for management as described in the warning above. Serial connection capabilityTo connect directly to the console port on the Array (all models except XR-1000 Series), your computer must be equipped with a male 9-pin serial port and terminal emulation software (for example, HyperTerminal). The Xirrus Array only supports serial cable lengths up to 25’ per the RS-232 specification. Use the following settings when establishing a serial connection:!The Array’s Ethernet ports should be connected to an Ethernet switch, not an Ethernet hub — if a hub is used, we recommend that you do not bond-pair Ethernet ports.Bits per second 115,200Data bits 8Parity NoneStop bits 1Flow control None

Wireless ArrayInstalling the Wireless Array 23Optional Network ComponentsThe following network components are optional.Xirrus Management System (XMS)The optional XMS offers powerful management features for small or large Wireless Array deployments.External RADIUS serverAlthough your Array comes with an embedded RADIUS server, for 802.1x authentication in large deployments you may want to add an external RADIUS server.Client RequirementsThe Wireless Array should only be used with Wi-Fi certified client devices.See AlsoCoverage and Capacity PlanningDeployment ExamplesFailover PlanningPlanning Your Installation

Wireless Array24 Installing the Wireless ArrayPlanning Your InstallationThis section provides guidelines and examples to help you plan your Xirrus Wireless Array deployment to achieve the best overall coverage and performance. We recommend you conduct a site survey to determine the best location and settings for each Array you install.The following topics are discussed:“General Deployment Considerations” on page 24“Coverage and Capacity Planning” on page 26“IEEE 802.11n Deployment Considerations” on page 35“Failover Planning” on page 41“Power Planning” on page 44“Security Planning” on page 45“Port Requirements” on page 47“Network Management Planning” on page 51“WDS Planning” on page 52“Common Deployment Options” on page 55General Deployment ConsiderationsThe Wireless Array’s unique multi-radio architecture generates 360 degrees of sectored high-gain 802.11a/b/g/n coverage that provides extended range. However, the number, thickness and location of walls, ceilings or other objects that the wireless signals must pass through may affect the range. Typical ranges vary depending on the types of materials and background RF (radio frequency) noise at your location. To maximize wireless range, follow these basic guidelines:1. Keep the number of walls and ceilings between the Array and your receiving devices to a minimum — each wall or ceiling can reduce the For a complete discussion of implementing Voice over Wi-Fi on the Array, see the Xirrus Voice over Wireless Application Note in the Xirrus Resource Center.

$Wireless ArrayInstalling the Wireless Array 25wireless range from between 3 and 90 feet (1 to 30 meters). Position your devices so that the number of walls or ceilings is minimized.2. Be aware of the direct line between each device. For example, a wall that is 1.5 feet thick (half a meter) at 90° is actually almost 3 feet thick (or 1 meter) when viewed at a 45° angle. At an acute 2° degree angle the same wall is over 42 feet (or 14 meters) thick! For best reception, try to ensure that your wireless devices are positioned so that signals will travel straight through a wall or ceiling.Figure 7. Wall Thickness Considerations3. Try to position wireless client devices so that the signal passes through drywall (between studs) or open doorways and not other materials that can adversely affect the wireless signal.See AlsoCoverage and Capacity PlanningDeployment ExamplesCommon Deployment OptionsInstallation Prerequisites90° 45°1.5 feet/.5 m ~ 3 feet/1 m> 42 feet\14 m2°$

Wireless Array26 Installing the Wireless ArrayCoverage and Capacity PlanningThis section considers coverage and capacity for your deployment(s), including placement options, RF patterns and cell sizes, area calculations, roaming considerations, and channel allocations.PlacementUse the following guidelines when considering placement options:1. The best placement option for the Array is ceiling-mounted within an open plan environment (cubicles rather than fixed walls).2. Keep the Array away from electrical devices or appliances that generate RF noise. Because the Array is generally mounted on ceilings, be aware of its position relative to lighting (especially fluorescent lighting) — we recommend maintaining a distance of at least 3 to 6 feet (1 to 2 meters).Figure 8. Unit Placement3. If using multiple Arrays in the same area, maintain a distance of at least 100ft/30m between Arrays if there is direct line-of-sight between units, or at least 50ft/15m if a wall or other barrier exists between units.Note that several advanced features in this section are part of the Xirrus Advanced RF Performance Manager (RPM). They require the license installed on the Array to include support for RPM. Please see “About Licensing and Upgrades” on page 321. 100 ft/ 30m100 ft/ 30 m100 ft/30 m

Wireless ArrayInstalling the Wireless Array 27RF PatternsThe Wireless Array allows you to control — automatically or manually — the pattern of wireless coverage that best suits your deployment needs. You can choose to operate with full coverage, half coverage, or custom coverage (by enabling or disabling individual sectors).Full (Normal) CoverageIn normal operation, the Array provides a full 360 degrees of coverage.Figure 9. Full (Normal) CoverageHalf CoverageIf installing a unit close to an exterior wall, you can deactivate half of the radios to prevent redundant signals from “bleeding” beyond the wall and extending service into public areas. The same principle applies if you want to restrict service to an adjacent room within the site.Figure 10. Adjusting RF Patternsoutside wall

Wireless Array28 Installing the Wireless ArrayCustom CoverageWhere there are highly reflective objects in proximity to the Array, you can turn off specific radios to avoid interference and feedback.Figure 11. Custom CoverageCapacity and Cell SizesCell sizes should be estimated based on the number of users, the applications being used (for example, data/video/voice), and the number of Arrays available at the location. The capacity of a cell is defined as the minimum data rate desired for each sector multiplied by the total number of sectors being used.Figure 12. Connection Rate vs. Distance Figure 12 shows relative connection rates for 802.11n vs. 802.11a/g and 802.11b, and the effect of distance on the connection rates. Wireless environments can vary greatly so the actual rates may be different depending on the specific network deployment. objectreflective

Wireless ArrayInstalling the Wireless Array 29Fine Tuning Cell SizesAdjusting the transmit power allows you to fine tune cell sizes. There are four standard sizes — Small, Medium, Large, or Max (the default is Max). There is also an Auto setting that automatically determines the best cell size, and a Manual setting that allows you to choose your power settings directly. Figure 13. Transmit PowerAuto Cell Size is an automatic, self-tuning mechanism that balances cell size between Arrays to guarantee coverage while limiting the RF energy that could extend beyond the organizational boundary. Auto Cell uses communication between Arrays to dynamically set radio power so that complete coverage is provided to all areas, yet at the minimum power level required. This helps to minimize potential interference with neighboring networks. Additionally, Arrays running Auto Cell automatically detect and compensate for coverage gaps caused by system interruptions. To enable the Auto Cell Size feature, go to “RF Power & Sensitivity” on page 285. For a complete discussion of the Auto Cell size feature, see the Xirrus Auto Cell Application Note in the Xirrus Resource Center. If you are installing many units in proximity to each other, we recommend that you use Auto Cell Size; otherwise, reduce the transmit power using manual settings to avoid excessive interference with other Arrays or installed APs. See also, “Coverage and Capacity Planning” on page 26.LargeMediumSmall

Wireless Array30 Installing the Wireless ArraySharp CellThis patented Xirrus RF management option automatically creates more intelligently defined cells and improves performance by creating smaller, high-throughput cells. By dynamically limiting each cell to a defined boundary (cell size), the trailing edge bleed of RF energy is reduced, thus minimizing interference between neighboring Wireless Arrays or other Access Points. To enable the Sharp Cell feature, go to “RF Power & Sensitivity” on page 285. For more information about this feature, see the Xirrus Sharp Cell Application Note in the Xirrus Resource Center. Roaming ConsiderationsCells should overlap approximately 10 - 15% to accommodate client roaming.Figure 14. Overlapping CellsAllocating ChannelsBecause the Wireless Array is a multi-channel device, allocating the best channels to radios is important if peak performance is to be maintained.Automatic Channel SelectionWe recommend that you allow the Array to make intelligent channel allocation decisions automatically. In the automatic mode, channels are allocated dynamically, driven by changes in the environment. Auto Channel assignment is performed by scanning the surrounding area for RF activity on all channels, then ROAMING10 - 15% overlap

Wireless ArrayInstalling the Wireless Array 31automatically selecting and setting channels on the Array to the best channels available. This function is typically executed when initially installing Arrays in a new location and may optionally be configured to execute periodically to account for changes in the RF environment over time. Auto Channel selection has significant advantages, including: Allows the Array to come up for the first time and not interfere with existing equipment that may be already running, thereby limiting co-channel interference.More accurately tunes the RF characteristics of a wireless installation than manual configuration since the radios themselves are scanning the environment from their physical location. May be configured to run periodically. To set up the automatic channel selection feature, go to “Advanced RF Settings” on page 282.

Wireless Array32 Installing the Wireless ArrayManual Channel SelectionYou can manually assign channels on a per radio basis, though manual selection is not recommended (and not necessary).Figure 15. Allocating Channels ManuallySee AlsoDeployment ExamplesFailover PlanningInstallation PrerequisitesTo avoid co-channel interference, do not select adjacent channels for radios that are physically next to each other.Maintain channel separation

Wireless ArrayInstalling the Wireless Array 33Deployment ExamplesThe following examples employ 802.11a cells, each offering minimum throughputs of 54 Mbps, 36 Mbps, and 18 Mbps per sector respectively, and assume a floor plan covering a total area of about 60,000 square feet (5574 sq m).Figure 16. Deployment Scenario (54 Mbps) — Per SectorFigure 17. Deployment Scenario (36 Mbps) — Per Sector

Wireless Array34 Installing the Wireless ArrayFigure 18. Deployment Scenario (18 Mbps) — Per SectorSee AlsoCoverage and Capacity PlanningFailover PlanningPlanning Your Installation

Wireless ArrayInstalling the Wireless Array 35IEEE 802.11n Deployment ConsiderationsThe Xirrus Arrays support IEEE 802.11n on all IAPs, in both 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands. Use of 802.11n offers significant benefits: Higher data ratesHigher throughput Supports more usersMore robust connectionsIncreased coverage areaMore secure connections — supports WPA2 (Wi-Fi Protected Access 2)These benefits result in better support for a wide range of applications such as voice and video, intensive usage such as CAD/CAM and backups, dense user environments, and for manufacturing and warehousing environments. The techniques that 802.11n uses to realize these performance improvements, and the results that can be expected are discussed in:“MIMO (Multiple-In Multiple-Out)” on page 36“Multiple Data Streams — Spatial Multiplexing” on page 37“Channel Bonding” on page 38“Improved MAC Throughput” on page 39“Short Guard Interval” on page 39“Obtaining Higher Data Rates” on page 40“802.11n Capacity” on page 41Two very important techniques to consider are Channel Bonding and Multiple Data Streams — Spatial Multiplexing because they contribute a large portion of 802.11n’s speed improvements and because they are optional and configurable, as opposed to the parts of 802.11n that are fixed. While the settings for 802.11n IAPs come pre-configured on the Array for robust performance in typical usage, you While 802.11n increases coverage area by almost doubling the reach, you must consider the legacy wireless devices in your network. Wireless stations connecting using 802.11a/b/g will still be subject to a reach of up to 100 feet, depending on the environment.

Wireless Array36 Installing the Wireless Arrayshould review the settings for your deployment, especially channel bonding. A global setting is provided to enable or disable 802.11n mode. See “Global Settings .11n” on page 279 to configure 802.11n operation. MIMO (Multiple-In Multiple-Out) MIMO (Multiple-In Multiple-Out) signal processing is one of the core technologies of 802.11n. It mitigates interference and maintains broadband performance even with weak signals.Prior to 802.11n, a data stream was transmitted via one antenna. At the receiving end, the antenna with the best signal was selected to receive data. (Figure 19)Figure 19. Classic 802.11 Signal TransmissionMIMO signal processing uses multiple antennas to send and receive data. It takes advantage of multipath reflections to improve signal coherence and greatly increase receiver sensitivity (Figure 20). Figure 20. MIMO Signal ProcessingFrequency Across SubcarriersAttenuationAntenna 1 SignalMIMO Processed SignalAntenna 2 SignalAntenna 3 SignalReceiver

Wireless ArrayInstalling the Wireless Array 37Multipath signals were considered to be interference by 802.11a/b/g radios, and degraded performance. In 802.11n, these signals are used to enhance performance. This extra sensitivity can be used for greater range or higher data rates. The enhanced signal is the processed sum of individual antennas. Signal processing eliminates nulls and fading that any one antenna would see. MIMO signal processing is sophisticated enough to discern multiple spatial streams (see Multiple Data Streams — Spatial Multiplexing). There are no settings to configure for MIMO.Multiple Data Streams — Spatial MultiplexingSpatial Multiplexing transmits completely separate data streams on different antennas (in the same channel) that are recombined to produce new 802.11n data rates. Higher data rates are achieved by splitting the original data stream into separate data streams. Each separate stream is transmitted on a different antenna (using its own RF chain). MIMO signal processing at the receiver can detect and recover each stream. Streams are then recombined, yielding higher data rates. Figure 21. Spatial MultiplexingSpatial multiplexing can double, triple, or quadruple the date rate, depending on the number of transmit antennas used. You can configure the number of chains (i.e., streams) separately for transmitting and receiving. By default, the Array uses three chains for transmitting and receiving (see “Global Settings .11n” on page 279). %Rx 1Rx 2RxM%TransmitterData Stream Data StreamReceiverTx 1Tx 2TxN

Wireless Array38 Installing the Wireless ArrayChannel BondingChannel bonding increases data rates by combining two adjacent 20 MHz channels into one 40 MHz channel. This increases the data rate to slightly more than double. A bonded 40 MHz channel is specified in terms of the Primary channel and the adjacent channel to Bond. The Bond channel is represented by +1 to use the channel above the Primary channel, or -1 to use the channel below. In the example shown, Channel 40 is the Primary channel and it is bonded to Channel 36, the channel below it, by specifying -1. Be aware that Channel Bonding can make channel planning more difficult, since you are using two channels for an IAP. We recommend the use of the 5 GHz band, since it has many more channels than the 2.4 GHz band, and thus more channels are available for bonding. The Array provides an Automatic Channel Bonding setting that will automatically select the best channel for bonding on each IAP. If you enable this option, you may select whether bonding will be dynamic (the bonded channel changes in response to environmental conditions) or static (the bonded channel will not be changed. See “Global Settings .11n” on page 279. To configure channel bonding manually, on a per-IAP basis, see “IAP Settings” on page 256. Figure 22. Channel BondingCh# Ch#4020 MHz 20 MHz3640 MHz(40, -1)Standard 802.11 channels are effectively 20MHz wide. Channel bonding combines two adjacent 20MHz channels into a single 40MHz channel providing increased throughput.

Wireless ArrayInstalling the Wireless Array 39Improved MAC ThroughputThese changes make 802.11n transmission of MAC frames 40% more efficient than legacy transmission:MAC data frames are combined and given a single PHY header.Implicit Block ACK acknowledges all data frames within a combined frame. Spacing between frames is reduced. Figure 23. MAC Throughput ImprovementsShort Guard IntervalThis option reduces the wait time between signals that are being sent out over the air. The guard interval provides immunity to propagation delays and reflections, and is normally 800 ns (long). By using a short guard interval (400 ns), the data rate is increased by approximately 11%. The short interval may be used in many environments (especially indoors). If the short guard interval is used in an inappropriate environment, the signal quality will suffer and throughput will decrease. See “Global Settings .11n” on page 279 to configure the guard interval. NACK FrameNData Frame2Data FramePHY HeaderMAC HeaderData Frame PayloadACK Frame PayloadLegacy OperationHigh Throughput OperationData Framessssss sss1Data Frame Block ACK Frame1122NNACK Frame1 2ACK FrameNNData FrameSIFSSIFSSIFSRIFS RIFSLegacy OperationHigh Throughput OperationData Frame ACK Framesssssssss11 2Data Frame Data Frame Data FrameBlock ACKRequestFrameBlock ACKResponseFrame12 N1 2 22Data Frame ACK FrameNACK FrameRIFS Usage (Reduced Inter-Frame Spacing)Frame Aggregation

Wireless Array40 Installing the Wireless ArrayObtaining Higher Data Rates The data rate increase obtained by using 802.11n on an Array is incremental, based on the technologies that are applied and the options that you select:Higher encoding rates (Mandatory in 802.11n)Spatial Streams (Mandatory, but multiplier varies directly with number of streams selected.)Channel Bonding (Mandatory in 802.11n, apply multiplier to IAP if it is bonded.)Short Guard Interval (Optional)See Figure 24 to see the 802.11n data rate increase for an IAP. Apply this increase to the 802.11 a, b or g data rates selected for the Array.Figure 24. Computing 802.11n Data Rates OptionallyMultiply By 2.077to BondTwo 20MHzChannelsOptionallyMultiply by 1.11 for Shorter Guard Interval to Increase Symbol RateOptionallyMultiply by 2, 3, 4for the Number of AdditionalSpatial StreamsChoose New Base Encoding + ModulationBPSK (6.5)QPSK (13, 19.5)QAM-16 (26, 39)QAM-64 (58.5, 65)New 11nData Ratexxx =

Wireless ArrayInstalling the Wireless Array 41802.11n Capacity802.11n offers major increases in capacity over previous 802.11 standards, as shown in the table below. Failover PlanningThis section discusses failover protection at the unit and port levels.To ensure that service is continued in the event of a port failure, you can utilize two Gigabit Ethernet ports simultaneously as a bonded pair (on Arrays with two or more Gigabit ports).Figure 25. Port Failover Protection 802.11 Mode # Channels Max Theoretical Capacity802.11 a/n: 3 Streams 23 23 * 450 Mbps = 10.2 Gbps802.11 a/n: 2 Streams 23 23 * 300 Mbps = 6.8 Gbps802.11 a/n: 1 Stream 23 23 * 150 Mbps = 3.4 Gbps802.11 a 23 23 * 54 Mbps = 1.2 Gbps802.11 g/n: 3 Streams 3 3 * 450 Mbps = 1.35 Gbps(1 or 2 streams have proportionally lower capacity)802.11 g 3 3 * 54 Mbps = 162 Mbps802.11 b 3 3 * 11 Mbps = 33 MbpsEthernet switchMultiple port connections

Wireless Array42 Installing the Wireless ArrayIn addition, the Array has full failover protection between the bonded-pair Gigabit ports (see following table).The Wireless Array Gigabit Ethernet ports actually support a number of modes:802.3ad Link AggregationLoad BalancingBroadcastLink BackupMirroredFor more details on Gigabit port modes and their configuration, please see“Network Bonds” on page 160. Interface Bridges Data?Bridges Management Traffic?Fails Over To: IP addressGigabit port Yes Yes Bonded port DHCP or staticBonded Gigabit port Yes Yes Bonded port Same

Wireless ArrayInstalling the Wireless Array 43Switch Failover ProtectionTo ensure that service is continued in the event of a switch failure, you can connect Arrays having multiple Gigabit ports to more than one Ethernet switch (not a hub).Figure 26. Switch Failover Protection See AlsoCoverage and Capacity PlanningDeployment ExamplesInstallation PrerequisitesNetwork Management PlanningPlanning Your InstallationPower PlanningSecurity PlanningGigabit Ethernet connections must be on the same subnet.Ethernet switch Backup switchEthernet connections

Wireless Array44 Installing the Wireless ArrayPower Planning All XR Series Array models support Power over Gigabit Ethernet (PoGE) with an integrated splitter. Power over Gigabit EthernetTo deliver power to the Array, you must use Xirrus Power over Gigabit Ethernet (PoGE) modules. They provide power over Cat 5e or Cat 6 cables to the Array without running power cables. Specific models of the Array are compatible with specific PoGE modules. Fordetails, please see the Power over Gigabit Ethernet Installation and User Guide. See AlsoCoverage and Capacity PlanningDeployment ExamplesFailover PlanningNetwork Management PlanningSecurity PlanningWhen using Cat 5e or Cat 6 cable, power can be provided up to a distance of 100m.

Wireless ArrayInstalling the Wireless Array 45Security PlanningThis section offers some useful guidelines for defining your preferred encryption and authentication method. For additional information, see “Understanding Security” on page 191 and the Security section of “Frequently Asked Questions” on page 412. Wireless EncryptionEncryption ensures that no user can decipher another user’s data transmitted over the airwaves. There are three encryption options available to you, including:WEP-40bit or WEP-128bitBecause WEP is vulnerable to cracks, we recommend that you only use this for legacy devices that cannot support a stronger encryption type.Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)This is much more secure than WEP and uses TKIP for encryption.Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA2) with AES This is government-grade encryption — available on most new client adapters — and uses the AES–CCM encryption mode (Advanced Encryption Standard–Counter Mode).AuthenticationAuthentication ensures users are who they say they are, and occurs when users attempt to join the wireless network and periodically thereafter. The following authentication methods are available with the Wireless Array:RADIUS 802.1x 802.1x uses a remote RADIUS server to authenticate large numbers of clients, and can handle different authentication methods (EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS, EAP-PEAP, and EAP-LEAP Passthrough). Administrators may Note that several advanced features in this section are part of the Xirrus Advanced RF Security Manager (RSM). They require the license installed on the Array to include support for RSM. Please see “About Licensing and Upgrades” on page 321.

Wireless Array46 Installing the Wireless Arrayalso be authenticated via RADIUS when preferred, or to meet particular security standards. Xirrus Internal RADIUS serverRecommended for smaller numbers of users (about 100 or less). Supports EAP-PEAP onlyPre-Shared KeyUses a pass-phrase or key that is manually distributed to all authorized users. The same passphrase is given to client devices and entered into each Array.MAC Access Control Lists (ACLs)MAC access control lists provide a list of client adapter MAC addresses that are allowed or denied access to the wireless network, and can be used in addition to any of the above authentication methods. ACLs are good for embedded devices, like printers and bar-code scanners (though MAC addresses can be spoofed). The Array supports 1,000 global ACL entries. You may also define per-SSID access control lists, with up to 1000 entries each.See AlsoFailover PlanningNetwork Management PlanningPower Planning

Wireless ArrayInstalling the Wireless Array 47Port Requirements A number of ports are used by various Array features and by the Xirrus Management System (XMS). The Port Requirements table on page 48 lists ports and the features that require them (XMS port requirements are included in the table for your convenience). If you are using a feature, please make sure that the ports that it requires are not blocked by firewalls or other policies, and that they do not conflict with any other port assignments.As an example, XMS port requirements are illustrated in Figure 27. XMS requires ports 161, 162, and 443 to be passed between Arrays and the XMS server. Similarly, ports 9090 and 9091 are required for communication between the XMS server and XMS clients, and port 25 is typically used by the XMS server to access an SMTP server to send email notifications. Figure 27. Port Requirements for XMSFirewallXMS Server XMS Client*L2 Switching InfrastructureSMTP Server*InternalResourcesExternal Network /InternetPorts:9090, 9091Ports:161, 162, 443SSID Trafﬁc onVLANs A, B, etc.Management overNative VLANTrafﬁc from ArraysVLAN BTrafﬁc from ArraysVLAN ATrunked 802.1qVLAN ConnectionPorts:25* XMS Client and SMTP Server may be internal or external resources.

Wireless Array48 Installing the Wireless ArrayThe following table lists port requirements for the Array and for XMS, how they are used, and whether they may be changed.Port Application Peer ConfigurableArray icmp Ping XMS Server No20 tcp21 tcp FTP Client Yes22 tcp SSH Client Yes23 tcp Telnet Client Yes25 tcp SMTP Mail Server No69 udp TFTP TFTP Server No123 udp NTP NTP Server No161 udp SNMP XMS Server No162 udp SNMP Traphost Note - Up to four Traphosts may be configured.XMS ServerYes - but required by XMS443 tcp HTTPS (WMI,WPR) Client Yes514 udp Syslog Syslog Server No1812, 1645 udpRADIUS (some servers use 1645) RADIUS Server Yes1813, 1646 udpRADIUS Accounting(some servers still use 1646)RADIUS Accounting Server Yes2055 udp Netflow Client Yes5000 tcp Virtual Tunnel VTUN Server Yes22610 udp XRP (Xirrus Roaming) Arrays Yes22612 udp Xircon (Console Utility) Admin Workstation Yes

Wireless ArrayInstalling the Wireless Array 49XMSicmp Ping Arrays No22 tcp SSH Arrays Yes25 tcp SMTP Mail Server Yes123 udp NTP NTP Server No161 udp SNMP Arrays No162 udp SNMP Traphost 1 Arrays Via XMS config file443 tcp HTTPS Arrays No514 udp Resident Syslog server Internal* Via XMS config file1099 tcp RMI Registry Internal* No2000 tcp XMS Back-end Server Internal* No3306 tcp MySQL Database Internal* No8001 tcp Status Viewer Internal* No8007 tcp Tomcat Shutdown Internal* During installation8009 tcp Web Container Internal* During installation9090 tcp XMS Webserver XMS client During installation9091 tcp XMS Client Server XMS client Via XMS config file9092 tcp XMS Client Server XMS client Via XMS config file9443 tcp XMS WMI SSL XMS web client No* Internal to XMS Server, no ports need to be unblocked on other network devices Port Application Peer Configurable

Wireless Array50 Installing the Wireless ArraySee AlsoManagement ControlExternal RadiusServicesVLAN Management

Wireless ArrayInstalling the Wireless Array 51Network Management PlanningNetwork management can be performed using any of the following methods:Command Line Interface, using an SSH (Secure Shell) utility, like PuTTY. The utility must be set up to use SSH-2, since the Array will only allow SSH-2 connections. Web-based management, using the Array’s embedded Web Management Interface (WMI). This method provides configuration and basic monitoring tools, and is good for small deployments (one or two units).Centralized Web-based management, using the optional Xirrus Management System (XMS), which can be run on a dedicated Xirrus appliance or your own server. The XMS is used for managing large Wireless Array deployments from a centralized Web-based interface and offers the following features: Globally manage large numbers of Arrays (up to 500) Seamless view of the entire wireless network Easily configure large numbers of Arrays  Rogue AP monitoring Easily manage system-wide firmware updates  Monitor performance and trendsAggregation of alerts and alarmsSee AlsoFailover PlanningPower PlanningSecurity Planning

Wireless Array52 Installing the Wireless ArrayWDS PlanningWDS (Wireless Distribution System) creates wireless backhauls between Arrays, allowing your wireless network to be expanded using multiple Arrays without the need for a wired backbone to link them (see Figure 28). WDS features include:One to three IAPs may be used to form a single WDS link, yielding up to 1350 Mbps bandwidth per link. Up to three different WDS links may be created on a single Array. Automatic IAP Load Balancing If desired, you may allow clients to associate to a BSS on the same radio interface used for a WDS Host Link. This will take bandwidth from the WDS link. Figure 28. WDS LinkMultiple links per Array allow you to configure multi-hop connections.

Wireless ArrayInstalling the Wireless Array 53Figure 29. A Multiple Hop WDS ConnectionMultiple WDS links can provide link redundancy (failover capability - see Figure 30). A network protocol (Spanning Tree Protocol — STP) prevents Arrays from forming network loops. Figure 30. WDS Failover Protection

Wireless Array54 Installing the Wireless ArrayWDS links have a Host/Client relationship similar to the usual IAP/station pattern for Arrays:A WDS Client Link associates/authenticates to a host (target) Array in the same way that a station associates to an IAP. The client side of the link must be configured with the root MAC address of the target (host) Array.A WDS Host Link acts like an IAP by allowing one WDS Client Link to associate to it. An Array may have both client and host links.WDS configuration is performed only on the client-side Array. See “WDS” on page 302. Note that both Arrays must be configured with the same SSID name.

Wireless ArrayInstalling the Wireless Array 55Common Deployment OptionsThe following table lists some typical and recommended deployment options for a number of the features that have been discussed in this chapter. See AlsoCoverage and Capacity PlanningDeployment ExamplesNetwork Management PlanningPlanning Your InstallationPower PlanningSecurity PlanningFunctionNumber of Wireless ArraysOne or Two Three or MorePower Power over Gigabit Ethernet Power over Gigabit EthernetUPS backup(recommended)Failover Recommended Highly recommendedVLANs Optional Optional use,Can be used to put all APs on one VLAN or map to existing VLAN schemeEncryption WPA2 with AES (recommended)PSK or 802.1x WPA2 with AES (recommended)802.1x keyingAuthentication Internal RADIUS serverEAP-PEAPPre-Shared KeyExternal RADIUS serverManagement Internal WMIInternal CLI (via SSHv2)XMS (SNMP)

Wireless Array56 Installing the Wireless ArrayInstallation WorkflowThis workflow illustrates the steps that are required to install and configure your Wireless Array successfully. Review this flowchart before attempting to install the unit on a customer’s network.Figure 31. Installation Workflow See AlsoCoverage and Capacity PlanningDeployment ExamplesDetermine the number of Arrays neededChoose the location(s) for your Wireless ArraysInstall the mounting plateConnect the cables and turn on the powerVerify that the Ethernet link and radio LEDs are functioning correctlyPerform the Express Setup procedureRun Ethernet cables for PoGE(<100m total distance from switch)Log in to WMI and enter your license

Wireless ArrayInstalling the Wireless Array 57Common Deployment OptionsFailover PlanningInstallation PrerequisitesPlanning Your InstallationPower PlanningWireless Array Product OverviewSecurity Planning

Wireless Array58 Installing the Wireless ArrayInstalling Your Wireless ArrayThis section provides instructions for completing a physical installation of your Xirrus Wireless Array.Choosing a LocationBased on coverage, capacity and deployment examples previously discussed, choose a location for the Array that will provide the best results for your needs. The Wireless Array was designed to be mounted on a ceiling where the unit is unobtrusive and wireless transmissions can travel unimpeded throughout open plan areas.You also have the option of mounting the Array on a wall, using the optional wall mount assembly kit.Choose a location that is central to your users (see the following diagram for correct placement.Figure 32. Array PlacementWiring ConsiderationsBefore using the Xirrus Power over Gigabit Ethernet modules (PoGE) to distribute power, see “Power over Gigabit Ethernet (PoGE)” on page 10. WRONGCORRECTRORRERORRECWRONGGGOONRORONONRORON

Wireless ArrayInstalling the Wireless Array 59Once you have determined the best location for your Wireless Array, you must run cables to the location for the following services:PowerNo power cable to the Array is required if using PoGE modules. The PoGE module requires a dedicated AC power outlet (100 - 240 VAC).NetworkGigabit POE1 — the total of all Cat 5e or Cat 6 cable segments from the Gigabit Ethernet switch to an Array Ethernet port must be less than 100m long. The Array must be connected to PoGE networks without routing cabling to the outside plant, to ensure that cabling is not exposed to lightning strikes or possible high voltage crossover.Gigabit POE2—For Arrays with a second POE port, the same restrictions listed above apply.Serial cable (optional) — cable lengths up to 25’ per the RS-232 specification.Important Notes About Network ConnectionsRead the following notes before making any network connections.When the unit’s IP address is unknown or a network connection has not been established, the serial cable is used for connecting directly with the Command Line Interface (CLI) via HyperTerminal. When a network connection is established, the Array can be managed from any of the available network connections, either Gigabit 1 or Gigabit 2. For the XR-1000, the Xirrus Xircon utility may be used locally to set up an IP address if necessary. !The Array’s Ethernet ports should be plugged into an Ethernet switch, not an Ethernet hub — if a hub is used, we recommend that you connect only one Ethernet port.

Wireless Array60 Installing the Wireless ArraySee AlsoFailover PlanningInstallation PrerequisitesInstallation WorkflowMounting the ArrayPower over Gigabit Ethernet (PoGE)

Wireless ArrayInstalling the Wireless Array 61Mounting the Array A number of options are available for mounting Arrays:Ceiling mountWall mountSecure mount in a locking indoor enclosureI-Beam mount in a protective enclosure (gymnasium mount)Factory enclosureA detailed Quick Installation Guide is provided with the mounting option that you selected when ordering your Array. Please follow the provided instructions carefully.Dismounting the Array To dismount any other Array modelFor all Array models, push up on the Array (i.e., push it against the mounting plate). Then turn the Array to the left to remove it. This is similar to dismounting a smoke detector.

Wireless Array62 Installing the Wireless ArrayPowering Up the Wireless ArrayWhen powering up, the Array follows a specific sequence of LED patterns showing the boot progress, and following a successful boot will provide extensive status information.Figure 33. LED LocationsArray LED settings may be altered or disabled entirely for diagnostic purposes or for personal preference. Changes are made via the Array’s Command Line Interface or the Web Management Interface — refer to “LED Settings” on page 297.Ethernet Activity and Status LEDsIAP LEDs

Wireless ArrayInstalling the Wireless Array 63Array LED Operating SequencesUse the following tables to review the operating sequences of the Array’s LEDs. “LED Boot Sequence” on page 63“LED Operation when Array is Running” on page 64LED Boot SequenceThe normal boot LED sequence is as follows:Array Activity Status LED IAP LEDsPower ON Blinking GREEN All OFFBoot loader power ON self-testBlinking GREEN All ONImage load from compact FLASHBlinking GREEN Spinning pattern (rotate all to ON, then all to OFF)Image load failure Blinking ORANGE All OFFHand off to ArrayOS Solid GREEN All OFFSystem software initializationSolid GREEN Walking pattern — (LED rotating one position per second)Up and running Solid GREEN ON for IAPs that are up:OFF for IAPs that are down.Behavior may be changed using “LED Settings” on page 297.

Wireless Array64 Installing the Wireless ArrayLED Operation when Array is RunningThe normal LED operation when the Array is running is shown in the table below. Note that behavior may be modified using “LED Settings” on page 297 or via the CLI.See AlsoInstallation PrerequisitesInstallation WorkflowInstalling Your Wireless ArrayLED SettingsLED Status ReasonIAP LED is OFF IAP is downIAP LED is solid ON IAP is up, but no associations and no trafficIAP LED heartbeat IAP is up, with stations associated but no trafficIAP LED flashingFlashing at 10 HzFlashing at 5 HzFlashing at 2.5 HzIAP is up, passing trafficTraffic > 1500 packets/secTraffic > 150 packets/secTraffic > 1 packet/sec IAP LED is GREEN IAP is operating in the 2.4 GHz bandIAP LED is ORANGE IAP is operating in the 5 GHz bandIAP LED flashing ORANGE to GREEN at 1 HzThe radio is in monitor mode(standard intrude detect)Ethernet LEDs are dual colorEthernet LED is ORANGEEthernet LED is GREENTransferring data at 1 GbpsTransferring data at 10/100 Mbps

Wireless ArrayInstalling the Wireless Array 65Establishing Communication with the ArrayThe Array may be configured through the Command Line Interface (CLI) using SSH, or on a browser via the graphical Web Management Interface (WMI). You may use the CLI via the serial management port (console—on all Arrays except the XR-1000 Series) or any of the Gigabit Ethernet ports. You can use the WMI via any of the Array’s Ethernet ports. Figure 34. Network Interface Ports—XR-1000 Series Figure 35. Network Interface Ports—XR-2000 Series ??OK??Figure 36. Network Interface Ports—XR-4000 Series Gigabit POE (gig1)Serial (Console)Gigabit POE (gig1)Serial (Console)Gigabit POE (gig1)Gigabit 2 (gig2)

Wireless Array66 Installing the Wireless ArrayFigure 37. Network Interface Ports—XR-6000 SeriesUsing the Serial PortIf using the serial port to make your connection, use serial settings of 8 bits, no parity, no flow control, 1 stop bit (8N1) and a speed setting of 115200 baud. Use the communication package of your choice.Using the Ethernet PortsBy default, the Array's Ethernet interfaces use DHCP to obtain an IP address. If the Array is booted and does not receive DHCP addresses on Gigabit Ethernet ports, then both Gigabit1 and its bonded pair port will default to 10.0.2.1. If the Array is connected to a network that provides DHCP addresses, the IP address can be determined by the following three methods:1. The simplest way to address the Array is using its default hostname which is the Array’s serial number (for example, XR40123091CACD). If your network provides DHCP and DNS, then you can use this hostname.2. Otherwise, examine the DHCP tables on the server and find the addresses assigned to the Array (Xirrus MAC addresses begin with 000F7D).The Xirrus Xircon utility may also be used to communicate with Arrays locally as an alternative to using a serial connection to the console. This is especially useful for the XR-1000, which does not have a console port. Serial (Console)Gigabit POE1 (gig1)Gigabit POE2 (gig2)Gigabit 3 (gig3)Gigabit 4 (gig4)

Wireless ArrayInstalling the Wireless Array 673. Alternatively, you may query the Array using the CLI via the serial port. Log in using the default user name admin and password admin. Use the show ethernet command to view the IP addresses assigned to each port.Starting the WMIUse this procedure to log in to the WMI via your Web browser. 1. Establish a network connection and open your Web browser.2. Connect to the Wireless Array using its host name or IP address as described in the previous section.Logging InWhen logging in to the Array, use the default user name and password — the default user name is admin, and the default password is admin.See AlsoInstallation WorkflowPerforming the Express Setup ProcedurePowering Up the Wireless ArrayEntering the LicenseA license is needed to operate the Wireless Array at full functionality. Without a license, the Array may only be powered up and have a basic network configuration. The Array’s license determines many of the features that are available on the Array. For example, automatic cell sizing and channel allocation require a license supporting the RF Performance Manager (RPM). Also, IEEE 802.11n operation on XN model Arrays requires a license.The Array’s license is not installed at the factory. You must enter your license before proceeding to the next step, Performing the Express Setup Procedure.The procedure below describes entering the license key using the WMI. If you are using the Xirrus Management System (XMS), you may use it to easily manage and upgrade large numbers of licenses for the wireless network.

Wireless Array68 Installing the Wireless Array1. This procedure assumes that you have pointed a browser to the Array’s IP address to start WMI, and that you have logged in with the default username and password above. 2. In the left had frame, in the Tools section, click System Tools. 3. License Key: Enter the key that was provided for the Array. The key was provided to you in an email as an attachment in the form of an Excel file (.xls). Enter the key exactly as it appears in the file. Click the Upgradebutton to apply the key. 4. Now you may verify the features provided by the key. In the Statussection of the left hand frame, click Array and then click Information. Check the items listed in the License Features row. If you are installing a large number of licenses and do not have XMS, a Xirrus Licensing Tool may be acquired from Xirrus Support to help push licenses to large number of Arrays.

Wireless ArrayInstalling the Wireless Array 69Performing the Express Setup ProcedureThe Express Setup procedure establishes global configuration settings that enable basic Array functionality. Changes made in this window will affect all radios. Figure 38. Express Setup

Wireless Array70 Installing the Wireless ArrayProcedure for Performing an Express Setup1. Host Name: Specify a unique host name for this Array. The host name is used to identify the Array on the network. Use a name that will be meaningful within your network environment, up to 64 alphanumeric characters. The default is Xirrus-WiFi-Array.2. Location Information: Enter a brief but meaningful description that accurately defines the physical location of the Array. In an environment where multiple units are installed, clear definitions for their locations are important if you want to identify a specific unit.3. Admin Contact: Enter the name and contact information of the person who is responsible for administering the Array at the designated location.4. Admin Email: Enter the email address of the admin contact you entered in Step 3.5. Admin Phone: Enter the telephone number of the admin contact you entered in Step 3.6. License Key: If Xirrus issued you a license that differs from the current value shown, enter it now.7. Configure SNMPv2: Select whether to Enable SNMPv2 on the Array, and change the SNMP Community Strings if desired. If you are using the Xirrus Management System (XMS), these strings must match the values used by XMS. The default values for the Array match the defaults in XMS. For more details, including SNMPv3, see “SNMP” on page 179.8. Configure the Gigabit network interfaces. The fields for each of these interfaces are the same, and include:a. Enable Interface: Choose Yes to enable this network interface, or choose No to disable the interface.b. Allow Management on Interface: Choose Yes to allow management of the Array via this network interface, or choose No to deny all management privileges for this interface.

Wireless ArrayInstalling the Wireless Array 71c. Configuration Server Protocol: Choose DHCP to instruct the Array to use DHCP to assign IP addresses to the Array’s Ethernet interfaces, or choose Static if you intend to enter IP addresses manually. If you choose the Static IP option, you must enter the following IP Settings:Address: Enter a valid IP address for this Array. To use any of the remote connections (Web, SNMP, or SSH), a valid IP address must be used.Subnet Mask: Enter a valid IP address for the subnet mask (the default is 255.255.255.0). The subnet mask defines the number of IP addresses that are available on the routed subnet where the Array is located.Default Gateway: Enter a valid IP address for the default gateway. This is the IP address of the router that the Array uses to forward data to other networks.Click the Apply button for this interface when done making IP changes.9. SSID Settings: This section specifies the wireless network name and security settings.a. SSID (Wireless Network Name): The SSID (Service Set Identifier) is a unique name that identifies a wireless network. All devices attempting to connect to a specific WLAN must use the same SSID. The default for this field is “xirrus.”For additional information about SSIDs, go to the Multiple SSIDssection of “Frequently Asked Questions” on page 412.b. Wireless Security: Select the desired wireless security scheme (Open, WEP, WPA, WPA2, or WPA-Both). WPA2 is recommended for the best Wi-Fi security.•Open — This option offers no data encryption and is not recommended, though you might choose this option if clients are For improved security, you should also take the additional steps described in “Securing Low Level Access to the Array” on page 76.

Wireless Array72 Installing the Wireless Arrayrequired to use a VPN connection through a secure SSH utility, like PuTTy.•WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) — An optional IEEE 802.11 function that offers frame transmission privacy similar to a wired network. WEP generates secret shared encryption keys that both source and destination stations can use to alter frame bits to avoid disclosure to eavesdroppers.•WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) — A Wi-Fi Alliance standard that contains a subset of the IEEE 802.11i standard, using TKIP or AES as an encryption method and 802.1x for authentication. •WPA2 (Wi-Fi Protected Access 2) — WPA2 is the follow-on security method to WPA for wireless networks and provides stronger data protection and network access control. It offers Enterprise and consumer Wi-Fi users with a high level of assurance that only authorized users can access their wireless networks. Like WPA, WPA2 is designed to secure all versions of 802.11 devices, including 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, and 802.11n, multi-band and multi-mode.•WPA-Both (WPA and WPA2) — This option makes use of both WPA and WPA2.For more information about security, including a full review of all security options and settings, go to “Understanding Security” on page 191. c. WEP Encryption Key/Passphrase: Depending on the wireless security scheme you selected, enter a unique WEP key or WPA passphrase. This field and the one below only appear if you select a Wireless Security option other than Open.d. Confirm Encryption Key/Passphrase: If you entered a WEP key or WPA passphrase, confirm it here.e. Click Apply SSID Settings when done.

Wireless ArrayInstalling the Wireless Array 7310. Admin Settings: This section allows you to change the default admin username, password, and privileges for the Array. You may change the password and leave the user name as is, but we suggest that you change both to improve Array security. a. New Admin User (Replaces user “admin”): Enter the name of a new administrator user account. Be sure to record the new account name and password, because the default admin user will be deleted! Note that the Array also offers the option of authenticating administrators using a RADIUS server (see “Admin Management” on page 196)).b. New Admin Privilege Level: By default, the new administrator will have read/write privileges on the Array (i.e., the new user will be able to change the configuration of the Array). If you wish the new account to have different privileges, select the desired level from the drop-down list. For more information about user privileges, please see “Admin Privileges” on page 198. c. New Admin Password: Enter a new administration password for managing this Array. If you forget this password, you must reset the Array to its factory defaults so that the password is reset to admin (its default setting). d. Confirm Admin Password: If you entered a new administration password, confirm the new password here.e. Click Apply Admin Settings when done.11. Time and Date Settings: This section specifies an optional time (NTP - Network Time Protocol) server or modifies the system time if you’re not using a server.a. Current Array Date and Time: This read-only field shows the current time for your convenience.For improved security, you should also take the additional steps described in “Securing Low Level Access to the Array” on page 76.

Wireless Array74 Installing the Wireless Arrayb. Time Zone: Select your time zone from the choices available in the pull-down list.c. Auto Adjust Daylight Savings: If you are not using NTP, check this box if you want the system to adjust for daylight savings automatically, otherwise leave this box unchecked (default).d. Use Network Time Protocol: Check this box if you want to use an NTP server to synchronize the Array’s clock. Use of NTP is mandatory for Arrays to be managed with XMS (the Xirrus Management System), and ensures that Syslog time-stamping is maintained across all units. If you check Yes, the NTP server fields are displayed. If you don’t want to use an NTP server, leave this box unchecked (default) and set the system time on the Array manually. e. NTP Primary Server: If you are using NTP, enter the IP address or domain name of the NTP server.f. NTP Primary Authentication: If you are using authentication with NTP, select the type of key: MD5 or SHA1. Select None if you are not using authentication (this is the default). For more information on authenticated NTP, see “Time Settings (NTP)” on page 171. g. NTP Primary Authentication Key ID: Enter the key ID, which is a decimal integer.h. NTP Primary Authentication Key: Enter your key, which is a string of characters.i. NTP Secondary Server: Enter the IP address or domain name of an optional secondary NTP server to be used in case the Array is unable to contact the primary server. You may use the authentication fields as described above if you wish to set up authentication for the secondary server. j. Adjust Time (hrs:min:sec): If you are not using NTP, check this box if you want to adjust the current system time. When the box is checked, the time fields become active. Enter the revised time (hours, minutes,

Wireless ArrayInstalling the Wireless Array 75seconds, am/pm) in the corresponding fields. If you don’t want to adjust the current time, this box should be left unchecked (default).k. Adjust Date (month/day/year): If you are not using NTP, check this box if you want to adjust the current system date. When the box is checked, the date fields become active. Enter the revised date (month, day and year) in the corresponding fields. If you don’t want to adjust the current date, this box should be left unchecked (default).12. IAP Settings:Enable/Configure All IAPs: Click on the Execute button to enable and auto configure all IAPs (a message displays the countdown time — in seconds — to complete the auto-configuration task). When an IAP is enabled, its LED is switched on. (see also “Array LED Operating Sequences” on page 63.)13. Click on the Save changes to flash button at the top right if you wish to make your changes permanent. This ends the Express Setup procedure.See AlsoEstablishing Communication with the ArrayInstallation PrerequisitesInstallation WorkflowLogging InMultiple SSIDsSecurity

Wireless Array76 Installing the Wireless ArraySecuring Low Level Access to the Array??Please review this whole section carefully. This section on Xircon disable and XBL password is being included in both the XR manual and the XN manual, on the assumption that when the XS 6.1 releases, it will include the Xircon options. OK?? Most management of the Xirrus Array is done via the Web Management Interface (WMI) as you just saw in “Performing the Express Setup Procedure” on page 69. Another often used option is CLI—see “The Command Line Interface” on page 337. The Array also has a lower level interface: XBL (Xirrus Boot Loader), which allows access to more primitive commands. You won’t normally use XBL unless instructed to do so by Xirrus Customer Support. For proper security, you should replace the default XBL login username and password with your own, as instructed below. XBL has its own username and password, separate from the ArrayOS Admin User and Password (used for logging in to the WMI and CLI)that you changed in Step 10 on page 73. ?? xxx Is changing XBL password really only necessary if Xircon is enabled? There aren’t other ways to get at XBL that would benefit from securing the password? Xirrus also provides the Xircon utility for connecting to Xirrus XR Arrays that are not reachable via the normal access methods (such as SSH or WMI) and that do not have a physical console port (XR-1000), or whose console port is not accessible. Xircon discovers Arrays on your network subnet by sending IP/UDP broadcast packets. Once an Array is discovered, Xircon can establish an encrypted console session to the Array via the network even if the Array IP configuration is incorrect. Xircon allows you to manage the Array using CLI, just as you would if connected to the console port. Xircon also has an option for easily accessing XBL.In normal circumstances Xirrus Arrays should be configured and managed through secure shell (SSH) or via the Web Management Interface (WMI). A connection is established using either the Array hostname or DHCP-assigned IP address, or via the other options described in “Using the Ethernet Ports” on page 66. Xircon may be needed in special circumstances as directed by Xirrus Customer Support for troubleshooting Array problems or IP connectivity. (In this case, see the Xircon User Guide for detailed information.)

Wireless ArrayInstalling the Wireless Array 77Xircon access to the Array may be controlled:You may enable or disable all Xircon access to the Array as instructed in the procedure below. There are also options to allow access only to CLI (i.e., ArrayOS access) or only to XBL. Since XR-1000 Array models do not have a console port, these models have Xircon access to both XBL and CLI enabled by default. For Arrays that do not have a console port, to avoid potentially being locked out of the Array, Xircon should always be enabled at the XBL level at least.On all other Array models (those with a console port), Xircon access to both XBL and CLI is disabled by default. If Xircon is not going to be used to access an Array, we recommend leaving Xircon access disabled.Procedure for Securing Low Level Array AccessUse the following steps to replace the default XBL username and password, and optionally to change the type of Xircon management access that is allowed. These steps use CLI commands. 1. To access CLI via the WMI, click CLI under the Tools section on the left (for detailed instructions see “CLI” on page 332). Skip to Step 4 on page 78.To access CLI via SSH, see “Establishing a Secure Shell (SSH) Connection” on page 337. Then proceed to the next step. 2. At the login as prompt, log in to CLI using the username and password that you set in Step 10 on page 73. login as: jsmithjsmith@xr4012802207c's password:Xirrus Wi-Fi ArrayArrayOS Version 6.1.2-3299Copyright (c) 2005-2012 Xirrus, Inc.!Warning: If you disable Xircon access completely on XR-1000 models, you must ensure that you do not lose track of the username and password to log in to CLI/WMI! There is no way to recover from a lost password, other than returning the Array to Xirrus.

Wireless Array78 Installing the Wireless Arrayhttp://www.xirrus.comXR4012802207C# 3. Type configure to enter the CLI config mode.hostname#configure4. If Xircon access at the XBL level is to be allowed, use the following three commands to change the XBL username and password from the default values of admin/admin. In the example below, replace newusernameand newpassword with your desired entries. Note that these entries are case-sensitive. (config)#boot-env set username newusername(config)#boot-env set password newpassword(config)#save5. Enter the following commands if you wish to change Xircon access permission: (config)# management(config-mgmt)# xircon <management-status>(config-mgmt)# save(config-mgmt)# exit(config)# <management-status> may be one of :on enables both CLI and XBL accessoff disables both CLI and XBL accessaos-only enables only CLI (i.e. ArrayOS) accessboot-only enables only XBL accessNote that there is a WMI setting for changing Xircon access, timeout period, and the UDP port used. This may be used instead of CLI if you wish. See “Management Control” on page 203. Note that you cannot change the XBL username and password via the WMI.

Wireless ArrayThe Web Management Interface 79The Web Management InterfaceThis topic provides an overview of the Xirrus Wireless Array’s embedded Web Management Interface (WMI), used for establishing your network’s configuration settings and wireless operating parameters. It also includes login instructions. The following topics are discussed: An Overview Structure of the WMI User InterfaceLogging InApplying Configuration Changes

Wireless Array80 The Web Management InterfaceAn OverviewThe WMI is an easy-to-use graphical interface to your Wireless Array. It allows you to configure the product to suit your individual requirements and ensure that the unit functions efficiently and effectively.Figure 39. Web Management Interface

Wireless ArrayThe Web Management Interface 81Structure of the WMI The content of the WMI is organized by function and hierarchy, shown in the following table. Click on any item below to jump to the referenced destination.Status WindowsArray Status WindowsArray SummaryArray InformationArray ConfigurationAdmin HistoryNetwork Status WindowsNetwork MapSpanning Tree StatusRouting TableARP TableDHCP LeasesConnection Tracking/NATCDP NeighborsNetwork AssuranceRF Monitor WindowsIAPsSpectrum AnalyzerIntrusion DetectionChannel HistoryRadio AssuranceStation Status WindowsStationsLocation MapRSSISignal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR)Noise FloorMax by IAPStation AssuranceStatistics WindowsIAP Statistics SummaryPer-IAP StatisticsNetwork StatisticsVLAN StatisticsWDS StatisticsFilter StatisticsStation StatisticsPer-Station StatisticsSystem Log WindowIDS Event Log Window

Wireless Array82 The Web Management InterfaceConfiguration WindowsExpress SetupNetworkNetwork InterfacesNetwork BondsDNS SettingsCDP SettingsServicesTime Settings (NTP)NetFlowWi-Fi TagSystem LogSNMPDHCP ServerVLANsVLAN ManagementSecurityAdmin ManagementAdmin PrivilegesAdmin RADIUSManagement ControlAccess Control ListGlobal SettingsExternal RadiusInternal RadiusRogue Control ListSSIDsSSID ManagementActive IAPsPer-SSID Access Control ListGroupsGroup ManagementConfiguration Windows (cont’d)IAPsIAP SettingsGlobal Settings (IAP)Global Settings .11an Global Settings .11bgnGlobal Settings .11nAdvanced RF SettingsIntrusion DetectionLED SettingsDSCP Mappings Roaming Assist WDSWDS Client LinksFiltersFilter ListsFilter ManagementClustersCluster DefinitionCluster ManagementCluster OperationTool WindowsSystem ToolsCLIOptionsLogout

Wireless ArrayThe Web Management Interface 83User Interface The WMI has been designed with simplicity in mind, making navigation quick and easy. In the following example, you’ll see that windows are divided into left and right frames. Figure 40. WMI: Frames Left frame Right frame Array infoClick to configure/view statisticsLog Message countersPull-down menuHelp

Wireless Array84 The Web Management InterfaceThe left frame contains three main elements:Menu organized by function (for example, Network, SSIDs, Security, etc.). Click a heading, such as Network, to display a summary of its current configuration, as well as an associated pull-down menu. The three major menu sections (Status, Configuration, Too ls) may each be collapsed down to hide the headings under them. Click again to display the headings. (Figure 41 ) Three Log Messages counters are located at the bottom of the menu. They provide a running total of messages generated by the ArrayOS Syslog subsystem during your session — organized into Critical, Warning, and General messages. Click on a counter to display the associated Syslog messages. Messages at the selected level or higher will be shown. For more information, please see “System Log Window” on page 142. The Array representation contains shortcut links. Click a radio to view statistics for it. Click the center of the Array to display the IAP Settings window, which allows you to configure the Array’s radios. Figure 41. Major Menu Sections Collapsed (on left)The right frame displays the status information or configuration parameters for the Wireless Array. This is where you review the Array’s current status and activity or input data (if you want to make changes). The green Array information bar at the top of the frame describes the Array — the Name and IP address allow

Wireless ArrayThe Web Management Interface 85you to quickly confirm that WMI is connected to the correct Array. The current Uptime since the last reboot is also shown.Note that WMI provides options which allow you to change its appearance and behavior. You may change:Style — changes the colors and appearance of WMI (i.e., its “skin”).Refresh Interval — the refresh time when automatic refresh is selected.Close menu section when deselected — changes the behavior of the menu in the left frame.Clear screen when loading new page.See “Options” on page 333 for more information.Utility ButtonsAt the bottom of each window you will find a set of useful buttons — a Feedbackbutton, a Print button and a Help button. Figure 42. WMI: Utility ButtonsClick on the Feedback button to generate a Web page that allows you to submit your comments to Xirrus, Inc. You can also access the feedback Some settings are only available if the Array’s license includes appropriate Xirrus Advanced Feature Sets. If a setting is unavailable (grayed out), then your license does not support the feature. See “About Licensing and Upgrades” on page 321.Print buttonHelp buttonFeedback button

Wireless Array86 The Web Management Interfacepage at http://www.xirrus.com/public/feedback/. Refer to Figure 43 on page 86 to see a sample of the feedback form.Click on the Print button to send a print file of the active window to your local printer.Click on the Help button to access the Array’s online help system.Submitting Your CommentsWhen submitting comments via the Feedback button (Figure 43 , ensure that you provide as much detail as possible, including your contact information, the product model number that the comment relates to, and the ArrayOS software version (if known). When finished, click on the Submit button to submit your comment.Figure 43. Feedback Form

Wireless ArrayThe Web Management Interface 87Logging InUse this procedure to log in to the WMI via your Web browser. 1. Establish a network connection and open your Web browser.2. If your network supports DHCP and DNS, enter the Array’s default host name in the browser’s URL. The default host name is simply the Array’s serial number (for example, XN0823091CACD). Otherwise, enter the Array’s IP address. This may be determined as described in “Using the Ethernet Ports” on page 66. 3. To log in to the Array’s Web Management Interface, enter admin for both the user name and password.Figure 44. Logging In to the Wireless ArrayApplying Configuration ChangesIn most of the WMI configuration windows, your changes to settings are applied to the Array as you make them. In most cases, there is no separate Apply button to click to make the changes take effect. There are a few exceptions to this rule. In these cases, a particular section of a page may have its own Apply Settingsbutton right below the settings. In both cases described above, the changes that you have made are not saved to the latest configuration file in the Array’s flash memory, so they will not be restored after a reboot. Click the Save changes to flash button (located on the

$Wireless Array88 The Web Management Interfaceupper right of each page) in order to make sure that these changes will be applied after rebooting. This will save the entire current configuration, not only the changes on current WMI page. Character RestrictionsWhen inputting strings in the WMI (for example, assigning SSIDs, host name, password, etc.), use common alphanumeric characters. Some of the fields in the WMI will not accept special characters, so use of the following characters should typically be avoided: &<>' “/ \$