Cambium Networks XI-N450 802.11abgn 3x3 Module User Manual xirrus PDF

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All rights reserved. This document may not be reproduced or disclosed in whole or in part by any means without the written consent of Xirrus, Inc.Part Number: 800-0xxx-001(Revision A) Wi-Fi ArrayXR4420, XR4430, XR4820, XR4830XN16, XN12, XN8, XN4XS16, XS8, XS4™

Wi-Fi ArrayiTable of ContentsList of Figures...................................................................................... xiIntroduction ......................................................................................... 1The Xirrus Family of Products ............................................................................... 2Nomenclature .................................................................................................... 4About this User’s Guide .......................................................................................... 5Organization ...................................................................................................... 5Notes and Cautions .......................................................................................... 7Screen Images .................................................................................................... 7Your User’s Guide as a PDF Document ........................................................ 7Hyperlinks ......................................................................................................... 7Window or Page? .............................................................................................. 7Why Choose the Xirrus Wi-Fi Array? ................................................................... 8Wi-Fi Array Product Overview ............................................................................. 9Enterprise Class Security ................................................................................. 9Wi-Fi Array Product Family ......................................................................... 10XR4000 Family of Arrays ........................................................................ 10XN Family of Arrays ............................................................................... 11XS Family of Arrays ................................................................................ 12Deployment Flexibility .................................................................................. 13Power over Gigabit Ethernet (PoGE) .................................................... 14Enterprise Class Management ...................................................................... 14Key Features and Benefits ..................................................................................... 17High Capacity and High Performance ........................................................ 17Extended Coverage ......................................................................................... 18Flexible Coverage Schemes .................................................................... 19Non-Overlapping Channels .......................................................................... 19SDMA Optimization ...................................................................................... 20Fast Roaming ................................................................................................... 20Easy Deployment ............................................................................................ 20Secure Wireless Access .................................................................................. 20Applications Enablement .............................................................................. 20Advanced Feature Sets .......................................................................................... 20

Wi-Fi ArrayiiXirrus Advanced RF Performance Manager (RPM) .................................. 21Xirrus Advanced RF Security Manager (RSM) .......................................... 22Xirrus Advanced RF Analysis Manager (RAM) ......................................... 22Product Specifications — XR4400 and XR4800 Series ........................................ 23Product Specifications — XN16, XN12, and XN8 ............................................... 31Product Specifications — XN4 .............................................................................. 38Product Specifications — XS16 and XS8 .............................................................. 45Product Specifications — XS4 ............................................................................... 51Installing the Wi-Fi Array ................................................................. 57Installation Prerequisites ...................................................................................... 57Optional Network Components ................................................................... 59Client Requirements ....................................................................................... 59Planning Your Installation .................................................................................... 60General Deployment Considerations .......................................................... 60Coverage and Capacity Planning ................................................................. 62Placement .................................................................................................. 62RF Patterns ................................................................................................ 63Capacity and Cell Sizes ........................................................................... 65Fine Tuning Cell Sizes ............................................................................. 66Roaming Considerations ........................................................................ 67Allocating Channels ................................................................................ 67Deployment Examples ............................................................................ 70IEEE 802.11n Deployment Considerations ................................................. 72MIMO (Multiple-In Multiple-Out) ........................................................ 73Multiple Data Streams — Spatial Multiplexing ................................... 75Channel Bonding ..................................................................................... 76Improved MAC Throughput ................................................................. 77Short Guard Interval ............................................................................... 77Obtaining Higher Data Rates ................................................................. 78802.11n Capacity ...................................................................................... 79Failover Planning ............................................................................................ 80Port Failover Protection .......................................................................... 80Switch Failover Protection ..................................................................... 81Power Planning ............................................................................................... 82AC Power .................................................................................................. 82Power over Gigabit Ethernet ................................................................. 82

Wi-Fi ArrayiiiSecurity Planning ............................................................................................ 83Wireless Encryption ................................................................................ 83Authentication ......................................................................................... 83Meeting PCI DSS Standards ................................................................... 84Meeting FIPS Standards ......................................................................... 84Port Requirements .......................................................................................... 86Network Management Planning .................................................................. 89WDS Planning ................................................................................................. 90Common Deployment Options .................................................................... 93Installation Workflow ........................................................................................... 94Installing Your Wi-Fi Array .................................................................................. 96Choosing a Location ....................................................................................... 96Wiring Considerations ............................................................................ 97Mounting the Array ....................................................................................... 99Dismounting the Array .................................................................................. 99Powering Up the Wi-Fi Array ............................................................................ 100Array LED Operating Sequences ............................................................... 101LED Boot Sequence ............................................................................... 101LED Operation when Array is Running ............................................ 102Establishing Communication with the Array .................................................. 103Using the Serial Port ..................................................................................... 103Using the Ethernet Ports .............................................................................. 103Logging In ...................................................................................................... 104Entering the License ............................................................................................ 104Performing the Express Setup Procedure ......................................................... 106Procedure for Performing an Express Setup ............................................ 107The Web Management Interface ................................................ 113An Overview ........................................................................................................ 114Structure of the WMI ........................................................................................... 115User Interface ....................................................................................................... 117Utility Buttons ........................................................................................ 119Logging In ............................................................................................................. 121Applying Configuration Changes ..................................................................... 121Character Restrictions .................................................................................. 121

Wi-Fi ArrayivViewing Status on the Wi-Fi Array............................................... 123Array Status Windows ........................................................................................ 123Array Summary ............................................................................................ 124Content of the Array Summary Window .......................................... 124Array Information ........................................................................................ 127Array Configuration ..................................................................................... 128Admin History .............................................................................................. 129Network Status Windows ................................................................................... 129Network ......................................................................................................... 130Network Map ................................................................................................ 131Content of the Network Map Window .............................................. 131Spanning Tree Status .................................................................................... 133Routing Table ................................................................................................ 135ARP Table ...................................................................................................... 135DHCP Leases ................................................................................................. 136Connection Tracking/NAT ......................................................................... 136CDP Neighbors ............................................................................................. 137Network Assurance ...................................................................................... 138RF Monitor Windows .......................................................................................... 139IAPs ................................................................................................................. 140Spectrum Analyzer ...................................................................................... 141Intrusion Detection ...................................................................................... 145Station Status Windows ...................................................................................... 147Stations ........................................................................................................... 148Location Map ................................................................................................. 149RSSI ................................................................................................................. 153Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) ........................................................................ 155Noise Floor ..................................................................................................... 157Max by IAP .................................................................................................... 159Statistics Windows ............................................................................................... 160IAP Statistics Summary ................................................................................ 160Per-IAP Statistics ........................................................................................... 161Network Statistics ......................................................................................... 163VLAN Statistics ............................................................................................. 164WDS Statistics ................................................................................................ 165Filter Statistics ............................................................................................... 166Station Statistics ............................................................................................ 166

Wi-Fi ArrayvPer-Station Statistics ..................................................................................... 167System Log Window ........................................................................................... 168Configuring the Wi-Fi Array .......................................................... 171Express Setup ........................................................................................................ 173Network ................................................................................................................. 179Network Interfaces ...................................................................................... 180Network Interface Ports ........................................................................ 181DNS Settings .................................................................................................. 187CDP Settings .................................................................................................. 189Services .................................................................................................................. 191Time Settings (NTP) ..................................................................................... 192NetFlow .......................................................................................................... 194Wi-Fi Tag ....................................................................................................... 195System Log ..................................................................................................... 196SNMP .............................................................................................................. 199DHCP Server ................................................................................................. 202VLANs ................................................................................................................... 205Understanding Virtual Tunnels .......................................................... 205VLAN Management ..................................................................................... 207Security .................................................................................................................. 209Understanding Security ........................................................................ 210Certificates and Connecting Securely to the WMI ............................ 213Using the Array’s Default Certificate ................................................. 214Using an External Certificate Authority ............................................. 215Admin Management .................................................................................... 215Admin Privileges .......................................................................................... 216Admin RADIUS ............................................................................................ 218About Creating Admin Accounts on the RADIUS Server ............. 219Management Control ................................................................................... 222Access Control List ....................................................................................... 229Global Settings .............................................................................................. 231External Radius ............................................................................................. 234About Creating User Accounts on the RADIUS Server .................. 235Internal Radius .............................................................................................. 238Rogue Control List ........................................................................................ 241SSIDs ...................................................................................................................... 243

Wi-Fi ArrayviUnderstanding SSIDs ............................................................................ 244Understanding QoS Priority on the Wi-Fi Array .............................. 245SSID Management ........................................................................................ 248SSID List (top of page) .......................................................................... 249SSID Limits ............................................................................................. 253Web Page Redirect Configuration Settings ....................................... 254WPA Configuration Settings .............................................................. 258RADIUS Configuration Settings ......................................................... 258Active IAPs .................................................................................................... 259Per-SSID Access Control List ...................................................................... 260Groups ................................................................................................................... 262Understanding Groups ......................................................................... 262Using Groups ......................................................................................... 263Group Management ..................................................................................... 264Group Limits .......................................................................................... 266IAPs ........................................................................................................................ 268Understanding Fast Roaming .............................................................. 270IAP Settings ................................................................................................... 271Global Settings (IAP) ................................................................................... 277Beacon Configuration ........................................................................... 279Station Management ............................................................................. 279Advanced Traffic Optimization .......................................................... 280Global Settings .11a ...................................................................................... 284Global Settings .11bg .................................................................................... 287Global Settings .11n ...................................................................................... 291Advanced RF Settings .................................................................................. 294About Standby Mode ............................................................................ 294About Blocking Rogue APs .................................................................. 295RF Intrusion Detection .......................................................................... 296RF Resilience .......................................................................................... 297RF Power & Sensitivity ......................................................................... 298RF Spectrum Management ................................................................... 299LED Settings .................................................................................................. 303WDS ....................................................................................................................... 305About Configuring WDS Links ........................................................... 305WDS Client Links .......................................................................................... 307Filters ..................................................................................................................... 310

Wi-Fi ArrayviiFilter Lists ...................................................................................................... 311Filter Management ....................................................................................... 313Clusters .................................................................................................................. 316Cluster Definition ........................................................................................ 317Cluster Management ................................................................................... 318Cluster Operation ........................................................................................ 319Using Tools on the Wi-Fi Array..................................................... 323System Tools ......................................................................................................... 324About Licensing and Upgrades ........................................................... 325System ..................................................................................................... 326Automatic Updates from Remote Image or Configuration File .... 327Configuration ......................................................................................... 328Diagnostics ............................................................................................. 330Web Page Redirect ................................................................................. 332Network Tools ........................................................................................ 333Progress and Status Frames ................................................................. 335CLI ......................................................................................................................... 336Options .................................................................................................................. 337Logout .................................................................................................................... 340The Command Line Interface ...................................................... 341Establishing a Secure Shell (SSH) Connection ................................................. 341Getting Started with the CLI .............................................................................. 343Inputting Commands ................................................................................... 343Getting Help .................................................................................................. 343Top Level Commands ......................................................................................... 346Root Command Prompt ............................................................................... 346configure Commands ................................................................................... 347show Commands .......................................................................................... 350statistics Commands ..................................................................................... 353Configuration Commands .................................................................................. 355acl .................................................................................................................... 355admin .............................................................................................................. 356cdp ................................................................................................................... 357clear ................................................................................................................. 358cluster ............................................................................................................. 359

Wi-Fi Arrayviiicontact-info .................................................................................................... 360date-time ........................................................................................................ 361dhcp-server .................................................................................................... 362dns ................................................................................................................... 363file .................................................................................................................... 364filter ................................................................................................................. 367group .............................................................................................................. 369hostname ........................................................................................................ 369interface .......................................................................................................... 370load ................................................................................................................. 371location ........................................................................................................... 371management .................................................................................................. 372more ................................................................................................................ 373netflow ............................................................................................................ 374no ..................................................................................................................... 375quit .................................................................................................................. 377radius-server .................................................................................................. 377reboot .............................................................................................................. 378reset ................................................................................................................. 378restore ............................................................................................................. 379run-tests .......................................................................................................... 380security ........................................................................................................... 382snmp ............................................................................................................... 383ssid .................................................................................................................. 384syslog .............................................................................................................. 385uptime ............................................................................................................. 386vlan .................................................................................................................. 387wifi-tag ........................................................................................................... 388Sample Configuration Tasks .............................................................................. 389Configuring a Simple Open Global SSID .................................................. 390Configuring a Global SSID using WPA-PEAP ......................................... 391Configuring an SSID-Specific SSID using WPA-PEAP ........................... 392Enabling Global IAPs ................................................................................... 393Disabling Global IAPs .................................................................................. 394Enabling a Specific IAP ................................................................................ 395Disabling a Specific IAP ............................................................................... 396Setting Cell Size Auto-Configuration for All IAPs .................................. 397

Wi-Fi ArrayixSetting the Cell Size for All IAPs ................................................................ 398Setting the Cell Size for a Specific IAP ....................................................... 399Configuring VLANs on an Open SSID ...................................................... 400Configuring Radio Assurance Mode (Loopback Tests) .......................... 401Appendices..................................................................................... 403Appendix A: Servicing the Wi-Fi Array ............................................................. 405Removing the Access Panel ................................................................................ 407Reinstalling the Access Panel ............................................................................. 410Replacing the FLASH Memory Module ........................................................... 412Replacing the Main System Memory ................................................................ 414Replacing the Integrated Access Point Radio Module ................................... 416Replacing the Power Supply Module ............................................................... 419Appendix B: Quick Reference Guide ............................................................... 421Factory Default Settings ...................................................................................... 421Host Name ..................................................................................................... 421Network Interfaces ....................................................................................... 421Serial ........................................................................................................ 421Gigabit 1 and Gigabit 2 ......................................................................... 422Fast Ethernet ........................................................................................... 422Integrated Access Points (IAPs) .................................................................. 423Server Settings ............................................................................................... 424NTP .......................................................................................................... 424Syslog ...................................................................................................... 424SNMP ...................................................................................................... 424DHCP .............................................................................................................. 425Default SSID .................................................................................................. 425Security .......................................................................................................... 426Global Settings - Encryption ............................................................... 426External RADIUS (Global) .................................................................. 426Internal RADIUS .................................................................................... 427Administrator Account and Password ...................................................... 428Management .................................................................................................. 428Keyboard Shortcuts ............................................................................................. 428Appendix C: Technical Support ........................................................................ 431General Hints and Tips ....................................................................................... 431

Wi-Fi ArrayxFrequently Asked Questions .............................................................................. 432Multiple SSIDs ............................................................................................... 432Security ........................................................................................................... 434VLAN Support .............................................................................................. 438Array Monitor and Radio Assurance Capabilities .......................................... 440Enabling Monitoring on the Array ..................................................... 440How Monitoring Works ............................................................................... 440Radio Assurance ........................................................................................... 441Radio Assurance Options ..................................................................... 442RADIUS Vendor Specific Attributes (VSAs) for Xirrus ................................. 443Upgrading the Array via CLI ............................................................................. 446Sample Output for the Upgrade Procedure: ............................................. 447Power over Gigabit Ethernet Compatibility Matrix ....................................... 451Contact Information ............................................................................................ 453Appendix D: Implementing PCI DSS ............................................................... 455Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard Overview .......................... 455PCI DSS and Wireless .......................................................................................... 456The Xirrus Array PCI Compliance Configuration .......................................... 457The pci-audit Command ..................................................................................... 458Additional Resources .......................................................................................... 459Appendix E: Implementing FIPS Security ....................................................... 461Appendix F: Notices ........................................................................................... 467Notices ................................................................................................................... 467EU Directive 1999/5/EC Compliance Information ........................................ 470Compliance Information (Non-EU) ................................................................... 477Safety Warnings ................................................................................................... 478Translated Safety Warnings ............................................................................... 479Software License and Product Warranty Agreement ..................................... 480Hardware Warranty Agreement ....................................................................... 486Glossary of Terms.......................................................................... 489Index................................................................................................ 501

Wi-Fi ArrayList of Figures xiList of FiguresFigure 1. Xirrus Arrays............................................................................................... 2Figure 2. The Xirrus Management System .............................................................. 3Figure 3. Wi-Fi Array (XN16).................................................................................... 9Figure 4. Wireless Coverage Patterns .................................................................... 13Figure 5. XP8 - Power over Ethernet Usage .......................................................... 14Figure 6. WMI: Array Status.................................................................................... 15Figure 7. Layout of IAPs (XN16)............................................................................. 17Figure 8. Naming of IAPs (XS16)............................................................................ 18Figure 9. Coverage Schemes (XS16 shown)........................................................... 19Figure 10. Wall Thickness Considerations .............................................................. 61Figure 11. Unit Placement.......................................................................................... 62Figure 12. Full (Normal) Coverage........................................................................... 63Figure 13. Adjusting RF Patterns.............................................................................. 64Figure 14. Custom Coverage ..................................................................................... 64Figure 15. Connection Rate vs. Distance.................................................................. 65Figure 16. Transmit Power......................................................................................... 66Figure 17. Overlapping Cells..................................................................................... 67Figure 18. Allocating Channels Manually............................................................... 69Figure 19. Deployment Scenario (54 Mbps) — Per Sector...................................... 70Figure 20. Deployment Scenario (36 Mbps) — Per Sector...................................... 70Figure 21. Deployment Scenario (18 Mbps) — Per Sector...................................... 71Figure 22. Classic 802.11 Signal Transmission........................................................ 73Figure 23. MIMO Signal Processing......................................................................... 74Figure 24. Spatial Multiplexing................................................................................. 75Figure 25. Channel Bonding...................................................................................... 76Figure 26. MAC Throughput Improvements.......................................................... 77Figure 27. Computing 802.11n Data Rates .............................................................. 78Figure 28. 802.11n Increases Capacity...................................................................... 79Figure 29. Port Failover Protection........................................................................... 80Figure 30. Switch Failover Protection ...................................................................... 81Figure 31. Port Requirements for XMS .................................................................... 86Figure 32. WDS Link................................................................................................... 90Figure 33. A Multiple Hop WDS Connection ......................................................... 91Figure 34. WDS Failover Protection ......................................................................... 91

Wi-Fi Arrayxii List of FiguresFigure 35. Installation Workflow.............................................................................. 94Figure 36. Array Placement ....................................................................................... 96Figure 37. LED Locations (XN16) ........................................................................... 100Figure 38. Network Interface Ports......................................................................... 103Figure 39. Express Setup.......................................................................................... 106Figure 40. LEDs are Switched On........................................................................... 111Figure 41. Web Management Interface.................................................................. 114Figure 42. WMI: Frames........................................................................................... 117Figure 43. WMI: Utility Buttons.............................................................................. 119Figure 44. Feedback Form........................................................................................ 120Figure 45. Logging In to the Wi-Fi Array .............................................................. 121Figure 46. Array Summary ...................................................................................... 124Figure 47. Disabled IAP (Partial View).................................................................. 125Figure 48. IAP Cells .................................................................................................. 126Figure 49. Array Information .................................................................................. 127Figure 50. Show Configuration............................................................................... 128Figure 51. Admin Login History............................................................................. 129Figure 52. Network Settings .................................................................................... 130Figure 53. Network Map.......................................................................................... 131Figure 54. Spanning Tree Status.............................................................................. 134Figure 55. Routing Table.......................................................................................... 135Figure 56. ARP Table ................................................................................................ 135Figure 57. DHCP Leases........................................................................................... 136Figure 58. Connection Tracking.............................................................................. 136Figure 59. CDP Neighbors....................................................................................... 137Figure 60. Network Assurance................................................................................ 138Figure 61. RF Monitor — IAPs ................................................................................. 140Figure 62. RF Spectrum Analyzer........................................................................... 142Figure 63. Intrusion Detection/Rogue AP List..................................................... 145Figure 64. Stations..................................................................................................... 148Figure 65. Location Map........................................................................................... 149Figure 66. Controls for Location Map.................................................................... 150Figure 67. Minimizing stations................................................................................ 151Figure 68. Station RSSI Values ................................................................................ 153Figure 69. Station RSSI Values — Colorized Graphical View ............................. 154Figure 70. Station Signal-to-Noise Ratio Values................................................... 155Figure 71. Station SNR Values — Colorized Graphical View.............................. 156

Wi-Fi ArrayList of Figures xiiiFigure 72. Station Noise Floor Values.................................................................... 157Figure 73. Station Noise Floor Values — Colorized Graphical View ................. 158Figure 74. Max by IAP.............................................................................................. 159Figure 75. IAP Statistics Summary Page................................................................ 161Figure 76. Individual IAP Statistics Page (for IAP abg(n)1) ............................... 162Figure 77. Network Statistics................................................................................... 163Figure 78. VLAN Statistics....................................................................................... 164Figure 79. WDS Statistics ......................................................................................... 165Figure 80. Filter Statistics ......................................................................................... 166Figure 81. Station Statistics ...................................................................................... 166Figure 82. Individual Station Statistics Page......................................................... 167Figure 83. System Log ............................................................................................. 168Figure 84. WMI: Express Setup............................................................................... 173Figure 85. LEDs are Switched On........................................................................... 178Figure 86. Network Interfaces................................................................................. 179Figure 87. Network Settings .................................................................................... 180Figure 88. Network Interface Ports......................................................................... 181Figure 89. Port Modes (a-b) ..................................................................................... 183Figure 90. Port Modes (c-d) ..................................................................................... 184Figure 91. Port Modes (e-f) ...................................................................................... 185Figure 92. DNS Settings............................................................................................ 187Figure 93. CDP Settings............................................................................................ 189Figure 94. Services..................................................................................................... 191Figure 95. Time Settings (Manual Time)................................................................ 192Figure 96. Time Settings (NTP Time Enabled)...................................................... 193Figure 97. NetFlow.................................................................................................... 194Figure 98. Wi-Fi Tag.................................................................................................. 195Figure 99. System Log .............................................................................................. 196Figure 100. SNMP ....................................................................................................... 199Figure 101. DHCP Management............................................................................... 202Figure 102. VLANs...................................................................................................... 205Figure 103. VLAN Management............................................................................... 207Figure 104. Security..................................................................................................... 209Figure 105. Import Xirrus Certificate Authority..................................................... 214Figure 106. Admin Management .............................................................................. 215Figure 107. Admin Privileges.................................................................................... 217Figure 108. Admin RADIUS...................................................................................... 220

Wi-Fi Arrayxiv List of FiguresFigure 109. Management Control ............................................................................. 222Figure 110. Pre-login Banner ..................................................................................... 223Figure 111. Access Control List................................................................................. 229Figure 112. Global Settings (Security) ...................................................................... 231Figure 113. External RADIUS Server ....................................................................... 234Figure 114. Internal RADIUS Server ........................................................................ 238Figure 115. Rogue Control List ................................................................................. 241Figure 116. SSIDs......................................................................................................... 243Figure 117. Four Traffic Classes................................................................................ 245Figure 118. SSID Management.................................................................................. 248Figure 119. SSID Management.................................................................................. 252Figure 120. WPR Internal Splash Page Fields (SSID Management)..................... 254Figure 121. Customizing an Internal Login or Splash Page.................................. 257Figure 122. Setting Active IAPs per SSID ................................................................ 259Figure 123. Per-SSID Access Control List................................................................ 260Figure 124. Groups...................................................................................................... 262Figure 125. Group Management ............................................................................... 264Figure 126. IAPs........................................................................................................... 268Figure 127. Source of Channel Setting ..................................................................... 269Figure 128. IAP Settings ............................................................................................. 271Figure 129. Global Settings (IAPs)............................................................................ 277Figure 130. Global Settings .11a ................................................................................ 284Figure 131. Global Settings .11bg.............................................................................. 287Figure 132. Global Settings .11n................................................................................ 291Figure 133. Advanced RF Settings............................................................................ 294Figure 134. LED Settings............................................................................................ 303Figure 135. WDS.......................................................................................................... 305Figure 136. .Configuring a WDS Link...................................................................... 306Figure 137. WDS Client Links ................................................................................... 307Figure 138. Filters........................................................................................................ 310Figure 139. Filter Lists ................................................................................................ 311Figure 140. Filter Management ................................................................................. 313Figure 141. Clusters .................................................................................................... 316Figure 142. Cluster Definition ................................................................................... 317Figure 143. Cluster Management.............................................................................. 318Figure 144. Cluster Mode Operation........................................................................ 319Figure 145. Cluster Mode Activation ....................................................................... 319

Wi-Fi ArrayList of Figures xvFigure 146. Viewing Statistics in Cluster Mode...................................................... 320Figure 147. Status Display in Cluster Mode............................................................ 321Figure 148. System Tools............................................................................................ 324Figure 149. Saving the Diagnostic Log..................................................................... 331Figure 150. Managing WPR Splash/Login page files............................................ 332Figure 151. System Command (Ping)....................................................................... 333Figure 152. Radius Ping Command.......................................................................... 333Figure 153. Radius Ping Output................................................................................ 334Figure 154. CLI Window............................................................................................ 336Figure 155. WMI Display Options............................................................................ 337Figure 156. iPhone Style Option................................................................................ 338Figure 157. Login Window ........................................................................................ 340Figure 158. Logging In................................................................................................ 342Figure 159. Help Window.......................................................................................... 344Figure 160. Full Help .................................................................................................. 345Figure 161. Partial Help.............................................................................................. 345Figure 162. Configuring a Simple Open Global SSID............................................ 390Figure 163. Configuring a Global SSID using WPA-PEAP................................... 391Figure 164. Configuring an SSID-Specific SSID using WPA-PEAP..................... 392Figure 165. Enabling Global IAPs............................................................................. 393Figure 166. Disabling Global IAPs............................................................................ 394Figure 167. Enabling a Specific IAP.......................................................................... 395Figure 168. Disabling a Specific IAP......................................................................... 396Figure 169. Setting the Cell Size for All IAPs.......................................................... 397Figure 170. Setting the Cell Size for All IAPs.......................................................... 398Figure 171. Setting the Cell Size for a Specific IAP ................................................ 399Figure 172. Configuring VLANs on an Open SSID................................................ 400Figure 173. Configuring Radio Assurance Mode (Loopback Testing)................ 402Figure 174. Disconnecting Power from the Array.................................................. 405Figure 175. Removing the Access Panel Screws..................................................... 407Figure 176. Removing the Access Panel .................................................................. 408Figure 177. Disconnecting the Power Supply and Fan.......................................... 408Figure 178. Reconnecting the Fan and Power Supply ........................................... 410Figure 179. Reinstalling the Access Panel................................................................ 410Figure 180. Removing the FLASH Memory Module............................................. 412Figure 181. Removing the DIMM Memory Module .............................................. 414Figure 182. Removing the Chassis Cover Screws................................................... 416

Wi-Fi Arrayxvi List of FiguresFigure 183. Removing the Chassis Cover................................................................ 416Figure 184. Lifting the Integrated Access Point Module....................................... 417Figure 185. Disconnect the Integrated Access Point Module ............................... 417Figure 186. Installing a New Access Panel (with Power Supply)........................ 419Figure 187. Sample output of pci-audit command................................................. 459Figure 188. Applying Three Seals to XS16/XS8...................................................... 462Figure 189. Applying Two Tamper-evident seals to the XS4 or XN4 ................. 463Figure 190. Security - Management Control Window.......................................... 464

Wi-Fi ArrayIntroduction 1IntroductionThese topics introduce the Xirrus Wi-Fi Array, including an overview of its key features and benefits, and a detailed listing of the product’s physical, environmental, technology and regulatory specifications. “The Xirrus Family of Products” on page 2.“About this User’s Guide” on page 5.“Why Choose the Xirrus Wi-Fi Array?” on page 8.“Wi-Fi Array Product Overview” on page 9.“Key Features and Benefits” on page 17.“Advanced Feature Sets” on page 20.“Product Specifications — XR4400 and XR4800 Series” on page 23. “Product Specifications — XN16, XN12, and XN8” on page 31. “Product Specifications — XN4” on page 38. “Product Specifications — XS16 and XS8” on page 45. “Product Specifications — XS4” on page 51.

Wi-Fi Array2 IntroductionThe Xirrus Family of ProductsFigure 1. Xirrus ArraysThe Xirrus family of products includes the following:The XS Series of Xirrus Wi-Fi Arrays (XS16 / XS8 / XS4)XS Arrays integrate multiple Integrated Access Points — radios with high-gain directional antennas for increased range and coverage. The Array also incorporates an onboard multi-gigabit switch, Wi-Fi controller, and firewall into a single device, along with a dedicated Wi-Fi threat sensor and an embedded spectrum analyzer. The Wi-Fi Array provides more than enough bandwidth, security, and control to replace switched Ethernet to the desktop as the primary network connection. The XS16 has 16 IAPs, the XS8 has 8 IAPs, and the XS4 has 4 IAPs.The XN Series of Xirrus Wi-Fi Arrays (XN16 / XN12 / XN8 / XN4)The XN series of Wi-Fi Arrays add the speed and reach of IEEE 802.11n technology to the XS series of Arrays. The XN Series of Arrays feature the capacity and performance needed to replace switched Ethernet to the desktop. The XN16 has 16 IAPs, the XN12 has 12 IAPs, the XN8 has 8 IAPs, and the XN4 has 4 IAPs.

Wi-Fi ArrayIntroduction 3The XR 4000 Series of Xirrus Wi-Fi Arrays The newest Xirrus Wi-Fi Arrays have been completely redesigned to optimize the speed and reach of IEEE 802.11n technology. The XR4000 Series of Arrays have increased the capacity and performance needed to replace switched Ethernet to the desktop. 8-radio and 4-radio models are avialableXirrus Management System (XMS)XMS is used for managing large Array deployments from a centralized Web-based interface. The XMS server is available pre-installed on the Xirrus XM-33xx-CC Management Appliance series, or as a software package (XA-3300-CC) to be installed on your own server hardware.Figure 2 illustrates the elements of the Xirrus Management System. Users start the XMS client simply by entering the URL of the XMS server on a web browser. The XMS server manages a number of Wi-Fi Arrays via SNMP. Figure 2. The Xirrus Management System

Wi-Fi Array4 IntroductionIf you need detailed information about this product, refer to the XMS User’s Guide, part number 800-0007-001.Xirrus Power over Gigabit Ethernet (PoGE)The PoGE modules eliminate the need for running separate power cabling. Additionally, an eight port module provides distributed power to multiple Arrays, facilitating backup power when connected via a UPS. NomenclatureThroughout this User’s Guide, the Xirrus Wi-Fi Array is also referred to as simply the Array. In some instances, the terms product and unit are also used. When discussing specific products from the Xirrus family, the product name is used (for example, XN16 or XS8). The Wi-Fi Array’s operating system is referred to as the ArrayOS. The Web Management Interface for browser-based management of the Array is referred to as WMI. The XS series of Arrays have two types of radios — the 5 GHz 802.11a radios are named a1 to a12 (for 16-port models). The 802.11a/b/g radios are named abg1 to abg4, and they support both 2.4GHz and 5 GHz. The XN and XR4000 series of Arrays also have two types of radios — the 5 GHz 802.11a/n radios are named an1through an12 (for 16-port models). The 802.11a/b/g/n radios are named abgn1 to abgn4, and they also support both 2.4GHz and 5 GHz. When referring to a port that may be on either an XR4000, XN or XS model, the nomenclature abg(n) and a(n) will be used, e.g., abg(n)2 or a(n)6. The Xirrus Management System is referred to as XMS. The Power over Gigabit Ethernet system may be referred to as PoGE.

Wi-Fi ArrayIntroduction 5About this User’s GuideThis User’s Guide provides detailed information and procedures that will enable wireless network administrators to install, configure and manage the Wi-Fi Array so that end users can take full advantage of the product’s features and functionality without technical assistance.OrganizationTopics and procedures are organized by function under the following chapter headings: IntroductionProvides a brief introduction to wireless technology, an overview of the product, including its key features and benefits, and presents the product specifications.Installing the Wi-Fi ArrayDefines prerequisites for deploying and installing the Array and provides instructions to help you plan and complete a successful installation.The Web Management InterfaceOffers an overview of the product’s embedded Web Management Interface, including its content and structure. It emphasizes what you need to do to ensure that any configuration changes you make are applied, and provides a list of restricted characters. It also includes instructions for logging in to the Array with your Web browser.Viewing Status on the Wi-Fi ArrayDescribes the status and statistics displays available on the Array using its embedded Web Management Interface. Configuring the Wi-Fi ArrayContains procedures for configuring the Array using its embedded Web Management Interface. Using Tools on the Wi-Fi ArrayContains procedures for using utility tools provided in the Web Management Interface. It includes procedures for upgrading the system

Wi-Fi Array6 Introductionfirmware, uploading and downloading configurations and other files, using diagnostic tools, and resetting the Array to its factory defaults.The Command Line InterfaceIncludes the commands and the command structure used by the Wi-Fi Array’s Command Line Interface (CLI), and provides a procedure for establishing a Telnet connection to the Array. This chapter also includes some sample key configuration tasks using the CLI.Appendix A: Servicing the Wi-Fi ArrayContains procedures for servicing the Array, including the removal and reinstallation of major hardware components.Appendix B: Quick Reference GuideContains the product’s factory default settings.Appendix C: Technical SupportOffers guidance to resolve technical issues, including general hints and tips to enhance your product experience, and a procedure for isolating problems within an Array-enabled wireless network. Also includes Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) and Xirrus contact information.Appendix D: Implementing PCI DSSDiscusses meeting security standards with the Array, including FIPS and PCI DSS.Appendix F: NoticesContains the legal notices, licensing, and compliance statements for the Array. Please read this section carefully.Glossary of TermsProvides an explanation of terms directly related to Xirrus product technology, organized alphabetically.IndexThe index is a valuable information search tool. Use the index to locate specific topics discussed in this User’s Guide. Simply click on any page number in the index to jump to the referenced topic.

Wi-Fi ArrayIntroduction 7Notes and CautionsThe following symbols are used throughout this User’s Guide: Screen ImagesSome screen images of the Web Management Interface have been modified for clarity. For example, an image may have been cropped to highlight a specific area of the screen, and/or sample data may be included in some fields.Your User’s Guide as a PDF DocumentThis User’s Guide is also made available as a secure PDF (Portable Document Format) file and can be viewed using the Adobe® Acrobat Reader® product. It cannot be edited or modified. If you don’t have Acrobat Reader, you can downloaded it free-of-charge from: http://www.adobe.com.HyperlinksIf you click on body text that appears in the color TEAL (with the exception of headings or notes) the embedded hyperlink within the text will immediately take you to the referenced destination. All internal and external cross-references, including page numbers within the List of Figures and the Index, have associated hyperlinks. After “jumping” to a referenced topic, if you want to return to the previous page (reference source), simply click on Acrobat’s previous page button.Window or Page?Is a window a page, or is a page a window? There seems to be some dispute as to what the correct term should be. For the sake of consistency, this document uses the term Window when referring to how the Wi-Fi Array’s Web Management Interface is displayed on your monitor.This symbol is used for general notes that provide useful supplemental information.!This symbol is used for cautions. Cautions provide critical information that may adversely affect the performance of the product.

Wi-Fi Array8 IntroductionWhy Choose the Xirrus Wi-Fi Array?The deployment of wireless LANs is becoming increasingly common as businesses strive for greater flexibility in the workplace and the need for employee mobility rises. The only requirements for an effective wireless deployment are a power source, a couple of screws, and a little imagination.Wireless LAN is also fully compatible with standard Ethernet protocols, so connectivity with existing wired infrastructures is transparent to users — they can still access and use the same applications and network services that they use when plugged into the company’s wired LAN infrastructure (it’s only the plug that no longer exists).Wireless LAN has come a long way in the past few years and now offers the performance, reliability and security that Enterprise customers have come to expect from their networks. The technology is being driven by four major IEEE standards:802.11aOperates in the 5 GHz range with a maximum speed of 54 Mbps.802.11bOperates in the 2.4 GHz range with a maximum speed of 11 Mbps. 802.11gSupports a higher transmission speed of 54 Mbps in the 2.4 GHz range and is backwards compatible with 802.11b.802.11nUses multiple antennas per radio to boost transmission speed as high as 300 Mbps, increasing throughput, range, and maximum number of users. 802.11n is backwards compatible with 802.11a/b/g.Whether you have just a handful of users or thousands of users, wireless has the scalability and flexibility to serve your needs.

Wi-Fi ArrayIntroduction 9Wi-Fi Array Product OverviewPart of the family of Xirrus products, the Wi-Fi Array is a high capacity, multi-mode device designed for the Enterprise market, with twice the range and up to eight times the capacity of competitive wireless products.Figure 3. Wi-Fi Array (XN16)The Wi-Fi Array (regardless of the product model) is Wi-Fi® compliant and simultaneously supports 802.11a, 802.11b and 802.11g clients. XR and XN model arrays add the enhanced abilities of 802.11n to this combination. Active Enterprise class features such as VLAN support and multiple SSID capability enable robust network compatibility and a high level of scalability and system control. The optional Xirrus Management System (XMS) allows global management of hundreds of Arrays from a central location.Multiple versions of the Array with different numbers of Integrated Access Points (IAPs) support a variety of deployment applications: 16 IAPs (XN16, XS16), 12 IAPs (XN12), 8 IAPs (XR4820, XR4830, XN8, XS8), and 4 IAPs (XR4420, XR4430, XN4, XS4). Enterprise Class SecurityThe latest and most effective wireless encryption security standards, including WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) and WPA2 with 802.11i AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) are available on the Wi-Fi Array. In addition, the use of an embedded RADIUS server (or 802.1x with an external RADIUS server) ensures user authentication — multiple Arrays can authenticate to the optional XMS, ensuring only authorized Arrays become part of the wireless network. With the

Wi-Fi Array10 IntroductionXirrus Advanced Feature Sets, rogue AP detection, site monitoring, and RF spectrum analysis are performed in the background by the Array automatically.Wi-Fi Array Product FamilyThe following tables provide an overview of the main features supported by the Wi-Fi Array product family.XR4000 Family of Arrays Feature XR4820 XN4420Number of 802.11a/b/g/n radios 44Number of 802.11a/n radios 40Tota l radi o s 8 4Number ofintegrated antennas 24 12Integrated Wi-Fi switch ports 8 4Integrated RF spectrum analyzer, threat sensors Yes YesUplink Ports 2 2Wi-Fi bandwidth 2.4 Gbps 1.2 GbpsUsers supported 768 384

Wi-Fi ArrayIntroduction 11XN Family of Arrays Feature XN16 XN12 XN8 XN4Number of 802.11a/b/g/n radios 4444Number of 802.11a/n radios 12840Tota l radi o s 16 12 8 4Number ofintegrated antennas 48 36 24 12Integrated Wi-Fi switch ports 16 12 8 4Integrated RF spectrum analyzer, threat sensors Yes Yes Yes YesUplink Ports 2221Wi-Fi bandwidth 4.8 Gbps 3.6 Gbps 2.4 Gbps 1.2 GbpsUsers supported 1536 1152 768 384

Wi-Fi Array12 IntroductionXS Family of Arrays Feature XS16 XS8 XS4Number of802.11a/b/g radios 444Number of 802.11a radios 12 4 0Tot a l rad ios 16 8 4Integrated Wi-Fi switch ports 16 8 4Integrated RF spectrum analyzer and threat sensorsYes Yes YesUplink Ports 221Wi-Fi bandwidth 864 Mb 432 Mb 216 MbUsers supported 1,024 512 256

Wi-Fi ArrayIntroduction 13Deployment FlexibilityXirrus’ unique multi-radio architecture generates 360 degrees of sectored high-gain 802.11a/b/g/n or 802.11a/b/g coverage that provides extended range and the highest possible data rates for a large volume of clients. Each sector can be controlled automatically or manually, creating a pattern of wireless coverage perfectly tailored to individual customer needs. For example:Figure 4. Wireless Coverage PatternsFigure 4 depicts the following two scenarios:Full pattern coverageAll radios are activated with coverage spanning 360 degrees. If within range, clients will always receive coverage regardless of their geographic position relative to the Array.Partial pattern coverageIf desired, the Wi-Fi Array can be deployed close to an exterior wall. In this case, half of all available radios have been deactivated to prevent redundant signals from “bleeding” beyond the site’s perimeter wall. This configuration may also be used in those cases where you want to restrict wireless coverage to selected areas of the building’s interior.See also, “Flexible Coverage Schemes” on page 19.outside wall

Wi-Fi Array14 IntroductionPower over Gigabit Ethernet (PoGE) The Xirrus XP1, XP2, and XP8 Power over Gigabit Ethernet modules provide power to your Arrays over the same Cat 5e or Cat 6 cable used for data, eliminating the need to run power cables and provide an AC power outlet in proximity to each unit. Managed modules provide the ability to control power using XMS.Figure 5. XP8 - Power over Ethernet UsageSpecific models of the Array are compatible with specific PoGE modules. For details, please see “Power over Gigabit Ethernet Compatibility Matrix” on page 451. Enterprise Class Management The Wi-Fi Array can be configured with its default RF settings, or the RF settings can be customized using the Array’s embedded Web Management Interface

Wi-Fi ArrayIntroduction 15(WMI). The WMI enables easy configuration and control from a graphical console, along with a full compliment of troubleshooting tools and statistics.Figure 6. WMI: Array StatusIn addition, a fully featured Command Line Interface (CLI) offers IT professionals a familiar management and control environment. SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) is also supported to allow management from an SNMP compliant management tool, such as the optional Xirrus Management System.

Wi-Fi Array16 IntroductionFor deployments of more than five Arrays, we recommend that you use the Xirrus Management System (XMS). The XMS offers a rich set of features for fine control over large deployments.

Wi-Fi ArrayIntroduction 17Key Features and BenefitsThis section describes some of the key product features and the benefits you can expect when deploying the Wi-Fi Array (the XN16 product is highlighted in this section). High Capacity and High Performance Figure 7. Layout of IAPs (XN16)The XN16 version of the Wi-Fi Array (Figure 7) easily handles time-sensitive traffic such as voice, and can enable wireless connectivity for 1,024 users. The unit includes two Gigabit uplink ports for connection to the wired network. A total of sixteen IAPs provides a maximum wireless capacity of 4.8 Gbps, which offers ample reserves for the high demands of current and future applications. Of the sixteen IAPs, twelve operate as 802.11a/n radios (5 GHz band), and four operate as 802.11a/b/g/n radios (5 GHz or 2.4 GHz bands), providing backwards compatibility with 802.11b and 802.11g.an1abgn1an2an3an4abgn2 an5an6an7abgn3an8an9an10abgn4an11an12Mode(s) IAP numberabgn2 (RF monitoring)

Wi-Fi Array18 IntroductionIn the recommended configuration, IAP (radio) abg(n)2 is configured in RF monitoring and rogue AP detection mode.Figure 8. Naming of IAPs (XS16)Extended CoverageOne XN16 solution enables you to replace up to sixteen access points (includes one omnidirectional IAP for monitoring the network). Fifteen IAP radios with integrated directional antennas provide increased wireless range and enhanced data rates in all directions. With a Wi-Fi Array deployed, far fewer access points are needed and wired-like resiliency is delivered throughout your wireless network. Your Wi-Fi Array deployment ensures:Continuous connectivity if an IAP (radio) fails.Continuous connectivity if an Array fails.Continuous connectivity if a WDS link or switch fails.Continuous connectivity if a Gigabit uplink or switch fails.a1abg1a2a3a4abg2 a5a6a7abg3a8a9a10abg4a11a12Mode(s) IAP numberabg2 (RF monitoring)

Wi-Fi ArrayIntroduction 19Flexible Coverage SchemesYour Wi-Fi Array offers flexible coverage schemes for each wireless technology.Figure 9. Coverage Schemes (XS16 shown)802.11a/n, 802.11aDelivers 60° wireless coverage per IAP, with 6 dBi of gain.802.11b/g/n, 802.11b/gDelivers 180° wireless coverage, with 3 dBi of gain.802.11a/b/g/n, 802.11a/b/g (monitor only)Delivers 360° wireless coverage, with 2 dBi of gain.Non-Overlapping ChannelsComplete use of non-overlapping channels limits interference and delivers maximum capacity. On the XN16, up to 16 non-overlapping channels are fully utilized across the 5GHz and 2.4GHz spectrums (up to 12 across the 5GHz spectrum plus up to 3 across the 2.4 GHz spectrum — typically, one additional radio is used as a dedicated RF monitor).

Wi-Fi Array20 IntroductionSDMA OptimizationSDMA (Spatial Division Multiple Access) technology provides full 360° coverage while allowing independent channel and power output customization. Also supports fast inter-zone handoffs for time-sensitive applications and roaming.Fast RoamingUtilizes the Xirrus Roaming Protocol (XRP) ensuring fast and seamless roaming capabilities between IAPs or Arrays at both Layer 2 and Layer 3.Easy DeploymentThe Xirrus Management System (XMS) offers real time monitoring and management capabilities for the wireless network — ideal for the Enterprise market. It also allows you to import floor plans to help you plan your deployment. The Xirrus Wi-Fi Array chassis has a plenum rated, lockable and tamper resistant case. Secure Wireless AccessMultiple layers of authentication and encryption ensure secure data transmissions. The Wi-Fi Array is 802.11i compliant with line-rate encryption support for 40 and 128 bit WEP, WPA and WPA2 with TKIP and AES encryption. Authentication is provided via 802.1x, including PEAP, EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS, and LEAP (Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol) passthrough.Applications EnablementThe Wi-Fi Array’s QoS (Quality of Service) functionality combined with true switch capabilities enable high density video and Voice over Wireless LAN deployments. Compliant with 802.1p and 802.1Q standards. Advanced Feature Sets The Wi-Fi Array offers a family of powerful functionality packages, including the RF Performance Manager (RPM), RF Security Manager (RSM), and RF Analysis Manager (RAM). These packages are separately licensed for operation on your Array.

Wi-Fi ArrayIntroduction 21Xirrus Advanced RF Performance Manager (RPM)The Xirrus RPM optimizes the bandwidth usage and station performance of 802.11n Wi-Fi networks. Leveraging the multiple integrated access point (multi-radio) design of the Xirrus Wi-Fi Array, RPM manages the allocation of wireless bandwidth to wireless stations across multiple RF channels. The result maximizes overall network performance with superior flexibility and capacity. Today's wireless infrastructure is faced with ever increasing numbers and variations of Wi-Fi enabled clients, whether in the form of notebooks, netbooks, smart phones, IP phones, printers, projectors, cameras, RFID tags, etc. The advent of higher speed 802.11n Wi-Fi and its increased use of the 5GHz spectrum adds to the number of variables today's wireless networks must accommodate. Backwards compatibility with older clients is crucial, however their operation in a Wi-Fi network can significantly hinder the performance of faster clients. As an example, 802.11b Wi-Fi stations communicate more than 10 times slower than 802.11n stations. With each of the Array’s multiple radios operating on a different channel, RPM selects the ideal radio for each station. High-speed stations are grouped together on radios with other high speed stations, while lower speed stations are combined with other lower speed stations. This ensures optimal performance for high-speed 802.11n stations without compromise. The complete feature set of the RPM package includes: WDS (Wireless Distribution System) for point-to-point communicationWi-Fi Mode per IAPSharp Cell technologyWireless Data Rate OptimizationWireless Traffic ShapingWireless Voice Call Admission ControlFast Layer 2 and 3 Roaming Standby Mode

Wi-Fi Array22 IntroductionXirrus Advanced RF Security Manager (RSM)The Xirrus RSM improves security and minimizes the risk in deploying 802.11n wireless networks. Leveraging an integrated 24/7 threat sensor and hardware-based encryption/decryption in each Array, RSM secures the Wi-Fi network from multiple types of threats. The result delivers uncompromised overall network security with superior flexibility and performance. Today's Wi-Fi networks face a number of potential security threats in the form of rogue access points, ad-hoc clients, unauthorized clients, wireless-based attacks, eavesdropping, etc. As 802.11n is increasingly adopted in enterprise networks, defending against these threats becomes more critical. With the Array’s dedicated threat sensor radio scanning all channels in the 2.4GHz and 5GHz spectrums, RSM searches for security threats and automatically mitigates them. High performance encryption/decryption in the enterprise Wi-Fi network is a must. The Wi-Fi network needs to support each client using the highest level of encryption (WPA2 Enterprise/128 bit AES) and without degrading the overall performance of the network. Xirrus incorporates hardware-based encryption/decryption into each Array, delivering line-rate encryption at the edge of the network instead of at a choke point within a centralized controller. The complete feature set of the RSM package includes: Wireless IDS/IPS (Intrusion Detection/Prevention System)Wireless stateful firewallUser group policiesAuthenticated guest access gatewayNAC integrationPCI audit compliance enforcementXirrus Advanced RF Analysis Manager (RAM)The RF Advanced Analysis Manager (RAM) tests and troubleshoots 802.11n wireless networks. The deployment of 802.11n presents a set of unique challenges based on technology differences with legacy 802.11a/b/g networks, both on the wireless infrastructure and client side. Xirrus' RAM equips each Wi-Fi Array with a powerful set of tools and features to optimally tune and verify an 802.11n

Wi-Fi ArrayIntroduction 23installation, as well as give IT administrators the ability to troubleshoot issues that may occur within the wireless environment. The 802.11n standard will continue to evolve over the next several years with additional performance and optional functions, along with ongoing stream of IEEE 802.11 amendments. This changing wireless landscape mandates that appropriate tools are available to the user to analyze, optimize, and troubleshoot their changing environments. The distributed architecture of the Array enables the execution of powerful wireless and networking analysis at the edge of the network where packets traverse the wireless-to-wired boundary. The Array includes an embedded Wi-Fi Controller with the necessary computing and memory resources to provide these functions securely at the network's edge. The key elements of the RAM package include: RF Analysis – An embedded Spectrum Analyzer leverages the dedicated threat sensor radio in each Wi-Fi Array to provide a continual view of utilization, interference, and errors across all available Wi-Fi channels.Packet Analysis – Integrated packet capture provides filterable views of all traffic traversing on the wired and wireless interfaces of the Array.Performance Analysis – Embedded traffic generation enables the throughput of the Array’s wireless or wired interfaces to be analyzed.Failure Recovery – Radio Assurance provides an automatic self-test and self healing mechanism that ensures continuous system operation.Netflow SupportNetwork Tools: ping, RADIUS ping, tracerouteProduct Specifications — XR4400 and XR4800 Series

Wi-Fi Array24 Introduction??xxx Please review VERRRRRY carefully!!Element XR4000 Series SpecificationsNumber of Users Maximum of 96 associated users per radio XR48xx: 768 users per Array XR44xx: 384 users per Array Physical Diameter: 12.58 inches (31.95 cm)Height: 2.58 inches (6.55 cm)Weight: 4lbs (1.81 kg) Environmental Operating Temperature:0°C to 55°C0% to 90% relative humidity (non-condensing)Storage Temperature:-20°C to 60°C5% to 95% relative humidity (non-condensing)System 700 MHz CPU 1 GB RAM 1 GB system flash Integrated Switch 2.1 Gbps integrated wireless switch Chassis Lockable mounting plate, Kensington lock slot Electrical PoGE (DC) Input Power: Power over Gigabit Ethernet — no splitter required, 48VDC, Maximum 2ANominal Power:XR48xx: 60W XR44xx: 35W See “Power over Gigabit Ethernet Compatibility Matrix” on page 451.

Wi-Fi ArrayIntroduction 25Interfaces Serial Console Port:1 x RS232 – RJ45 connector, for local configurationEthernet Interfaces:2 x Gigabit 100/1000 Mbps uplink ports for link aggregation, redundancy, or bridging 1 x Fast Ethernet 10/100 Mbps, for out of band managementStatus LEDs:System status, Ethernet, RadioNetworking DHCP client, DHCP server (multiple DHCP pools), DNS Client, NTP client, NAT Management Xirrus Management System (XMS) — Layer 3 Element Management SystemHTTPS Web Management Interface (WMI)CLI via SSHv2, Telnet, local serial ConsoleEnable/disable management for any interfaceRead-write and read-only admin accounts may be authenticated via RADIUSSNMP v2c, v3Configuration Files — text-based files may be imported, exported, or comparedNetFlow — IP flow information (traffic statistics may be sent to an external CollectorFTP, TFTPSyslog reporting for alerts/alarms — messages may be stored on internal Syslog server or sent to up to three external syslog servers. Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) — obtain protocol addresses and platform information for neighboring devicesElement XR4000 Series Specifications

Wi-Fi Array26 IntroductionQuality of Service (QoS) SupportMultiple SSIDs:16 unique SSIDs per ArrayEach SSID beacons a unique BSSID per radio VLAN and QoS settings for each SSIDVLANs:Up to 16 VLANs, 802.1Q, 802.1pPrioritization:802.11e wireless prioritization802.1p wired prioritizationFair queuing of downstream trafficWireless Voice SupportElement XR4000 Series Specifications

Wi-Fi ArrayIntroduction 27Security Wireless EncryptionLine speed, hardware-accelerated encryption modes:WPA TKIPWPA2 AESWEP 40/64WEP 104/128Wireless Authentication:OpenPre-shared Key802.1X EAPPEAPEAP-TLSEAP-TTLSEAP-LEAP Pass-throughWeb Page Redirect (Captive Portal)MAC Address Access Control List (ACL)CHAP, PAPFirewall:Integrated stateful-inspection, rules-based firewallRogue AP detection and blocking:Integrated Rogue AP detection and alerting via dedicated internal RF Threat Sensor. Rogue AP can be shieldedIntegrated RADIUS Server:Integrated 802.1x Authentication Server supporting EAP-PEAPElement XR4000 Series Specifications

Wi-Fi Array28 IntroductionSecurity (continued)Time of Day Access:Specify when access is allowed, per SSID or User GroupStation-Station Blocking:Station-to-Station traffic blocking optionWireless Wireless Standards:802.11a802.11b802.11d802.11g802.11e802.11h802.11i802.11j802.11nNumber of Radios: ??OK??XR48xx: 4 x 802.11a/n radios4 x 802.11a/b/g/n radiosAdvanced RF design includes 36 integrated antennasXR44xx: 4 x 802.11a/b/g/n radiosAdvanced RF design includes 20 integrated antennasSpectrum Analyzer:1 integrated into ArrayElement XR4000 Series Specifications

Wi-Fi ArrayIntroduction 29Wireless (continued)Frequency Bands: 11a/n: 4.945 – 4.985 (restricted Public Safety band)11a/n: 5.15-5.25 GHz (UNII 1)11a/n: 5.15-5.25 GHz (TELEC)11a/n: 5.25-5.35 GHz (UNII 2)11a/n: 5.470-5.725 (ETSI)11a/n: 5.725-5.825 GHz (UNII 3)11b/g/n: 2.412-2.462 GHz (FCC)11b/g/n: 2.412-2.472 GHz (ETSI)11b/g/n: 2.412-2.484 GHz (TELEC)Channel Selection:Manual and Automatic802.11a/n AntennasIntegrated 6dBi, sectorized802.11b/g/n AntennasIntegrated 3dBi, sectorizedWi-Fi Monitoring:1 Integrated Access Point can be set as a dedicated Wi-Fi Threat Sensor2 dBi 360° omni-directional antenna802.11a/b/g/n External Antenna Connectors:3 RP-TNC connectors (NOTE: TNC antenna connection is not for outside plant connection.)Performance Client Load BalancingAutomatic load balancing between system radiosElement XR4000 Series Specifications

Wi-Fi Array30 IntroductionCompliance Electromagnetic:ICES-003 (Canada)EN 301.893 (Europe)EN 301.489-1 and -17 (Europe)Safety:EN 60950EN 50371 to 50385CE MarkAdditional information in “Appendix F: Notices” on page 467. Certifications Wi-Fi Alliance: 802.11a/b/g/n, WPA, WPA2, and extended EAP types. Our certifications may be viewed here. Additional information in “Appendix F: Notices” on page 467. Warranty Hardware:Five Year Standard (extendable)Software:90 Days Standard (extendable)Element XR4000 Series Specifications

Wi-Fi ArrayIntroduction 31Product Specifications — XN16, XN12, and XN8Element XN16/XN12/XN8 SpecificationsNumber of Users Maximum of 96 associated users per radio XN16: 1536 users per Array XN12: 1152 users per Array XN8: 768 users per Array Physical Diameter: 18.65 inches (47.37 cm)Height: 3.87 inches (9.83 cm)Weight: 10 lbs (3.63 kg) Environmental Operating Temperature:0°C to 55°C0% to 90% relative humidity (non-condensing)Storage Temperature:-20°C to 60°C5% to 95% relative humidity (non-condensing)System 1 GHz CPU 1 GB RAM 1 GB system flash Integrated Switch 2.1 Gbps integrated wireless switch Chassis Lockable mounting plate, Kensington lock slot

Wi-Fi Array32 IntroductionElectrical XN8, XN12, XN16 powered by PoGE onlyPoGE (DC) Input Power: Power over Gigabit Ethernet — no splitter required, 48VDC, Maximum 2ANominal Power:XN16: 90W XN12: 75W XN8: 60W All Models:For PoGE, see “Power over Gigabit Ethernet Compatibility Matrix” on page 451.Interfaces Serial Console Port:1 x RS232 – RJ45 connector, for local configurationEthernet Interfaces:2 x Gigabit 100/1000 Mbps uplink ports for link aggregation, redundancy, or bridging 1 x Fast Ethernet 10/100 Mbps, for out of band managementStatus LEDs:System status, Ethernet, RadioNetworking DHCP client, DHCP server (multiple DHCP pools), DNS Client, NTP client, NAT Element XN16/XN12/XN8 Specifications

Wi-Fi ArrayIntroduction 33Management Xirrus Management System (XMS) — Layer 3 Element Management SystemHTTPS Web Management Interface (WMI)CLI via SSHv2, Telnet, local serial ConsoleEnable/disable management for any interfaceRead-write and read-only admin accounts may be authenticated via RADIUSSNMP v2c, v3Configuration Files — text-based files may be imported, exported, or comparedNetFlow — IP flow information (traffic statistics may be sent to an external CollectorFTP, TFTPSyslog reporting for alerts/alarms — messages may be stored on internal Syslog server or sent to up to three external syslog servers. Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) — obtain protocol addresses and platform information for neighboring devicesQuality of Service (QoS) SupportMultiple SSIDs:16 unique SSIDs per ArrayEach SSID beacons a unique BSSID per radio VLAN and QoS settings for each SSIDVLANs:Up to 16 VLANs, 802.1Q, 802.1pPrioritization:802.11e wireless prioritization802.1p wired prioritizationFair queuing of downstream trafficWireless Voice SupportElement XN16/XN12/XN8 Specifications

Wi-Fi Array34 IntroductionSecurity Wireless EncryptionLine speed, hardware-accelerated encryption modes:WPA TKIPWPA2 AESWEP 40/64WEP 104/128Wireless Authentication:OpenPre-shared Key802.1X EAPPEAPEAP-TLSEAP-TTLSEAP-LEAP Pass-throughWeb Page Redirect (Captive Portal)MAC Address Access Control List (ACL)CHAP, PAPFirewall:Integrated stateful-inspection, rules-based firewallRogue AP detection and blocking:Integrated Rogue AP detection and alerting via dedicated internal RF Threat Sensor. Rogue AP can be shieldedIntegrated RADIUS Server:Integrated 802.1x Authentication Server supporting EAP-PEAPElement XN16/XN12/XN8 Specifications

Wi-Fi ArrayIntroduction 35Security (continued)Time of Day Access:Specify when access is allowed, per SSID or User GroupStation-Station Blocking:Station-to-Station traffic blocking optionWireless Wireless Standards:802.11a802.11b802.11d802.11g802.11e802.11h802.11i802.11j802.11nNumber of Radios:XN16: 12 x 802.11a/n radios4 x 802.11a/b/g/n radiosOnly 12 radios should be used as 802.11a/n radios (i.e., 5 GHz band) concurrently.48 integrated antennasXN12: 8 x 802.11a/n radios4 x 802.11a/b/g/n radios36 integrated antennasXN8: 4 x 802.11a/n radios4 x 802.11a/b/g/n radiosAdvanced RF design includes 36 integrated antennasSpectrum Analyzer:1 integrated into ArrayElement XN16/XN12/XN8 Specifications

Wi-Fi Array36 IntroductionWireless (continued)Frequency Bands: 11a/n: 4.945 – 4.985 (restricted Public Safety band)11a/n: 5.15-5.25 GHz (UNII 1)11a/n: 5.15-5.25 GHz (TELEC)11a/n: 5.25-5.35 GHz (UNII 2)11a/n: 5.470-5.725 (ETSI)11a/n: 5.725-5.825 GHz (UNII 3)11b/g/n: 2.412-2.462 GHz (FCC)11b/g/n: 2.412-2.472 GHz (ETSI)11b/g/n: 2.412-2.484 GHz (TELEC)Channel Selection:Manual and Automatic802.11a/n AntennasIntegrated 6dBi, sectorized802.11b/g/n AntennasIntegrated 3dBi, sectorizedWi-Fi Monitoring:1 Integrated Access Point can be set as a dedicated Wi-Fi Threat Sensor2 dBi 360° omni-directional antenna802.11a/b/g/n External Antenna Connectors:3 RP-TNC connectors (NOTE: TNC antenna connection is not for outside plant connection.)Performance Client Load BalancingAutomatic load balancing between system radiosElement XN16/XN12/XN8 Specifications

Wi-Fi ArrayIntroduction 37Compliance Electromagnetic:ICES-003 (Canada)EN 301.893 (Europe)EN 301.489-1 and -17 (Europe)Safety:EN 60950EN 50371 to 50385CE MarkAdditional information in “Appendix F: Notices” on page 467. Certifications Wi-Fi Alliance: 802.11a/b/g/n, WPA, WPA2, and extended EAP types. Our certifications may be viewed here. Additional information in “Appendix F: Notices” on page 467. Warranty Hardware:Five Year Standard (extendable)Software:90 Days Standard (extendable)Element XN16/XN12/XN8 Specifications

Wi-Fi Array38 IntroductionProduct Specifications — XN4 Element XN4 SpecificationsNumber of Users Maximum of 96 associated users per radio,384 users per XN4 Physical Diameter: 12.58 inches (31.95 cm)Height: 2.58 inches (6.55 cm)Weight: 4lbs (1.81 kg) Environmental Operating Temperature:0°C to 55°C0% to 90% relative humidity (non-condensing)Storage Temperature:-20°C to 60°C5% to 95% relative humidity (non-condensing)System 825 MHz CPU 512 MB RAM 1 GB system flash Integrated Switch 2.1 Gbps integrated wireless switch Chassis Lockable mounting plate, Kensington lock slot Electrical XN4 supports Power over Gigabit Ethernet (PoGE) only, no splitter requiredPoGE (DC) Input Power: 48VDC, Maximum 2ANominal Power: 35WFor PoGE, see “Power over Gigabit Ethernet Compatibility Matrix” on page 451.

Wi-Fi ArrayIntroduction 39Interfaces Serial Console Port:1 x RS232 – RJ45 connector, for local configurationEthernet Interfaces:1 x Gigabit 100/1000 Mbps uplink port Status LEDs:System status, Ethernet, RadioNetworking DHCP client, DHCP server (multiple DHCP pools), DNS Client, NTP client, NAT Management Xirrus Management System (XMS) — Layer 3 Element Management SystemHTTPS Web Management Interface (WMI)CLI via SSHv2, Telnet, local serial ConsoleEnable/disable management for any interfaceRead-write and read-only admin accounts may be authenticated via RADIUSSNMP v2c, v3Configuration Files — text-based files may be imported, exported, or comparedNetFlow — IP flow information (traffic statistics may be sent to an external CollectorFTP, TFTPSyslog reporting for alerts/alarms — messages may be stored on internal Syslog server or sent to up to three external syslog servers. Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) — obtain protocol addresses and platform information for neighboring devicesElement XN4 Specifications

Wi-Fi Array40 IntroductionQuality of Service (QoS) SupportMultiple SSIDs:16 unique SSIDs per ArrayEach SSID beacons a unique BSSID per radio VLAN and QoS settings for each SSIDVLANs:Up to 16 VLANs, 802.1Q, 802.1pPrioritization:802.11e wireless prioritization802.1p wired prioritizationFair queuing of downstream trafficWireless Voice SupportElement XN4 Specifications

Wi-Fi ArrayIntroduction 41Security Wireless EncryptionLine speed, hardware-accelerated encryption modes:WPA TKIPWPA2 AESWEP 40/64WEP 104/128Wireless Authentication:OpenPre-shared Key802.1X EAPPEAPEAP-TLSEAP-TTLSEAP-LEAP Pass-throughWeb Page Redirect (Captive Portal)MAC Address Access Control List (ACL)CHAP, PAPFirewall:Integrated stateful-inspection, rules-based firewallRogue AP detection and blocking:Integrated Rogue AP detection and alerting via dedicated internal RF Threat Sensor. Rogue AP can be shieldedIntegrated RADIUS Server:Integrated 802.1x Authentication Server supporting EAP-PEAPElement XN4 Specifications

Wi-Fi Array42 IntroductionSecurity (continued)Time of Day Access:Specify when access is allowed, per SSID or User GroupStation-Station Blocking:Station-to-Station traffic blocking optionWireless Wireless Standards:802.11a802.11b802.11d802.11g802.11e802.11h802.11i802.11j802.11nNumber of Radios:4 x 802.11a/b/g/n radiosAdvanced RF design includes 20 integrated antennasSpectrum Analyzer:1 integrated into ArrayElement XN4 Specifications

Wi-Fi ArrayIntroduction 43Wireless (continued)Frequency Bands: 11a/n: 4.945 – 4.985 (restricted Public Safety band)11a/n: 5.15-5.25 GHz (UNII 1)11a/n: 5.15-5.25 GHz (TELEC)11a/n: 5.25-5.35 GHz (UNII 2)11a/n: 5.470-5.725 (ETSI)11a/n: 5.725-5.825 GHz (UNII 3)11b/g/n: 2.412-2.462 GHz (FCC)11b/g/n: 2.412-2.472 GHz (ETSI)11b/g/n: 2.412-2.484 GHz (TELEC)Channel Selection:Manual and Automatic802.11a/n AntennasIntegrated 3dBi, sectorized802.11b/g/n AntennasIntegrated 1dBi, sectorizedWi-Fi Monitoring:1 Integrated Access Point can be set as a dedicated Wi-Fi Threat Sensor2 dBi 360° omni-directional antenna802.11a/b/g/n External Antenna Connectors:1 RP-TNC connector (NOTE: TNC antenna connection is not for outside plant connection.) Performance Client Load BalancingAutomatic load balancing between system radiosElement XN4 Specifications

Wi-Fi Array44 IntroductionCompliance Electromagnetic:ICES-003 (Canada)EN 301.893 (Europe)EN 301.489-1 and -17 (Europe)Safety:EN 60950EN 50371 to 50385CE MarkAdditional information in “Appendix F: Notices” on page 467. Certifications Wi-Fi Alliance: 802.11a/b/g/n, WPA, WPA2, and extended EAP types. Our certifications may be viewed here. Additional information in “Appendix F: Notices” on page 467. Warranty Hardware:Five Year Standard (extendable)Software:90 Days Standard (extendable)Element XN4 Specifications

Wi-Fi ArrayIntroduction 45Product Specifications — XS16 and XS8Element XS16/XS8 SpecificationsNumber of Users Maximum of 64 associated users per radio1024 users per Array (XS16)512 users per Array (XS8)Physical Diameter: 18.65 inches (47.37 cm)Height: 3.87 inches (9.83 cm)Weight: 8lbs (3.63 kg) Environmental Operating Temperature:-10°C to 50°C0% to 90% relative humidity (non-condensing)Storage Temperature:-20°C to 60°C5% to 95% relative humidity (non-condensing)System 1 GHz CPU 1 GB RAM 1 GB system flash Expansion slot for future optionsInterfaces Serial:1 x RS232 – RJ45 connectorEthernet Interfaces:2 x Gigabit 100/1000 Mbps w/failover1 x Fast Ethernet 10/100 MbpsStatus LEDs:System status, Ethernet, Radio

Wi-Fi Array46 IntroductionElectrical XS16/XS8:Each Array supports both AC and PoGE AC Input Power: 90-265VAC at 47-63Hz PoGE Input Power: Power over Gigabit Ethernet — no splitter required, 48VDC Nominal Power: XS16: 70W XS8: 45W For PoGE, see “Power over Gigabit Ethernet Compatibility Matrix” on page 451.Networking DHCP client, DHCP server, NTP client, NAT VLAN Support 802.1Q, 802.1p VLANSupports up to 16 VLANsMultiple SSID SupportAllows up to 16 separate SSIDs to be defined with map security, VLAN and QoS settings for each SSIDPerformance Client Load BalancingAutomatic load balancing between system radiosQuality of Service:802.1p wired traffic prioritizationWireless packet prioritizationMAP CoS to TCIDFair queuing of downstream trafficElement XS16/XS8 Specifications

Wi-Fi ArrayIntroduction 47Security Wireless Security:WEP 40bit/128bit encryptionWPA and WPA2 with TKIP and AES encryptionRogue AP detection, with alerts and classificationUser and System Authentication:WPA and WPA2 Pre-Shared Key authenticationInternal RADIUS Server, supports EAP-PEAP only802.1x EAP-TLS802.1x EAP-TTLS/MSCHAPv2802.1x PEAPv0/EAP-MSCHAPv2802.1x PEAPv1/EAP-GTC802.1x EAP-SIM802.1x EAP-LEAP Passthrough External RADIUS serversAuthentication of Wi-Fi Arrays to the Xirrus Management System (XMS)Element XS16/XS8 Specifications

Wi-Fi Array48 IntroductionWireless Number of Radios:XS16: 12 x 802.11a radios4 x 802.11a/b/g radiosOnly 12 radios should be used as 802.11a radios concurrently. XS8: 4 x 802.11a radios4 x 802.11a/b/g radiosWireless Standards:802.11a/b/g and g-only mode802.11e, 802.11iChannel Selection:Manual and AutomaticFrequency Bands: 11a: 4.945 – 4.985 (restricted Public Safety band)11a: 5.15-5.25 GHz (UNII 1)11a: 5.15-5.25 GHz (TELEC)11a: 5.25-5.35 GHz (UNII 2)11a: 5.470-5.725 (ETSI)11a: 5.725-5825 GHz (UNII 3)11b/g: 2.412-2.462 GHz (FCC)11b/g: 2.412-2.472 GHz (ETSI)11b/g: 2.412-2.484 GHz (TELEC)Antennas (XS16):12 x internal 6 dBi 60° 802.11a sectorized4 x internal 3 dBi 180° 802.11b/g sectorized1 x internal 2 dBi 360° omni-directional (for RF monitoring)3 x external RP-TNC connectors for three 802.11a/b/g radios * Element XS16/XS8 Specifications

Wi-Fi ArrayIntroduction 49Wireless (continued)Antennas (XS8):4 x internal 6 dBi 60° 802.11a sectorized4x internal 3 dBi 180° 802.11b/g sectorized1 x internal 2 dBi 360° omni-directional (for RF monitoring)3 x external RP-TNC connectors for three 802.11a/b/g radios *Radio Approvals:FCC (United States) and EN 301.893 (Europe)* Note: External RP-TNC antenna connectors are not for outside plant connection.Management Web-based HTTPSSNMP v2c, v3CLI via SSHv2 or TelnetFTPTFTPSerialXirrus Management System (XMS)Syslog reporting for alerts/alarmsCompliance UL / cUL 60950 and EN 60950FCC Part 15.107 and 15109, Class AEN 301.489 (Europe)EN60601 EU medical equipment directive for EMCAdditional information in “Appendix F: Notices” on page 467. Element XS16/XS8 Specifications

Wi-Fi Array50 IntroductionCertifications Wi-Fi Alliance: 802.11a/b/g, WPA, WPA2, and extended EAP types. Our certifications may be viewed here. Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) Publication 140 -2, Level 2. Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS) verified by VeriSign Additional information in “Appendix F: Notices” on page 467. Warranty One year (hardware and software) Element XS16/XS8 Specifications

Wi-Fi ArrayIntroduction 51Product Specifications — XS4 Element XS4 SpecificationsNumber of Users Maximum of 64 associated users per radio (256 users per Array)Physical Diameter: 12.58 inches (31.95 cm)Height: 2.58 inches (6.55 cm)Weight: 4lbs (1.81 kg) Environmental Operating Temperature:-10°C to 50°C0% to 90% relative humidity (non-condensing)Storage Temperature:-20°C to 60°C5% to 95% relative humidity (non-condensing)System 825 MHz CPU (XS4)512 MB RAM, expandable (XS4)512 MB system flash, expandableExpansion slot for future optionsElectrical XS4: Each Array supports both AC and PoGE AC Input Power: 90-265VAC at 47-63Hz Nominal power usage: 27W Power over Gigabit Ethernet (PoGE): all 4-port models work with all Xirrus PoGE modules, splitter required, 48VDC See “Power over Gigabit Ethernet Compatibility Matrix” on page 451.

Wi-Fi Array52 IntroductionInterfaces Serial:1 x RS232 – RJ45 connectorEthernet Interfaces:1 x Gigabit 100/1000 MbpsStatus LEDs:System status, Ethernet, RadioManagement Web-based HTTPSSNMP v2c, v3CLI via SSHv2 or TelnetFTPTFTPSerialXirrus Management System (XMS)Syslog reporting for alerts/alarmsNetworking DHCP client, DHCP server, NTP client, NATVLAN Support 802.1Q, 802.1p VLANSupports up to 16 VLANsMultiple SSID SupportAllows up to 16 separate SSIDs to be defined with map security, VLAN and QoS settings for each SSIDPerformance Client Load BalancingAutomatic load balancing between system radiosQuality of Service:802.1p wired traffic prioritizationWireless packet prioritizationMAP CoS to TCIDFair queuing of downstream trafficElement XS4 Specifications

Wi-Fi ArrayIntroduction 53Security Wireless Security:WEP 40bit/128bit encryptionWPA and WPA2 with TKIP and AES encryptionRogue AP detection, with alerts and classificationUser and System Authentication:WPA Pre-Shared Key authenticationInternal RADIUS Server, supports EAP-PEAP only802.1x EAP-TLS802.1x EAP-TTLS/MSCHAPv2802.1x PEAPv0/EAP-MSCHAPv2802.1x PEAPv1/EAP-GTC802.1x EAP-SIM802.1x EAP-LEAP Passthrough External RADIUS serversAuthentication of Wi-Fi Arrays to the Xirrus Management System (XMS)Element XS4 Specifications

Wi-Fi Array54 IntroductionWireless Number of Radios:4 x 802.11a/b/g radiosWireless Standards:802.11a/b/g and g-only mode802.11e, 802.11iChannel Selection:Manual and AutomaticFrequency Bands: 11a: 4.945 – 4.985 (restricted Public Safety band)11a: 5.15-5.25 GHz (UNII 1)11a: 5.15-5.25 GHz (TELEC)11a: 5.25-5.35 GHz (UNII 2)11a: 5.470-5.725 (ETSI)11a: 5.725-5825 GHz (UNII 3)11b/g: 2.412-2.462 GHz (FCC)11b/g: 2.412-2.472 GHz (ETSI)11b/g: 2.412-2.484 GHz (TELEC)Radio Approvals:FCC (United States) and EN 301.893 (Europe)Compliance UL / cUL 60950 and EN 60950FCC Part 15.107 and 15109, Class AEN 301.489 (Europe)EN60601 EU medical equipment directive for EMCAdditional information in “Appendix F: Notices” on page 467. Element XS4 Specifications

Wi-Fi ArrayIntroduction 55Certifications Wi-Fi Alliance: 802.11a/b/g, WPA, WPA2, and extended EAP types. Our certifications may be viewed here. Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) Publication 140 -2, Level 2. Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS) verified by VeriSignAdditional information in “Appendix F: Notices” on page 467. Warranty One year (hardware and software)Element XS4 Specifications

Wi-Fi ArrayInstalling the Wi-Fi Array 57Installing the Wi-Fi ArrayThe instructions for completing a successful installation include the following topics: “Installation Prerequisites” on page 57.“Planning Your Installation” on page 60.“Installation Workflow” on page 94.“Installing Your Wi-Fi Array” on page 96.“Powering Up the Wi-Fi Array” on page 100.“Establishing Communication with the Array” on page 103.“Performing the Express Setup Procedure” on page 106.Installation PrerequisitesYour Wi-Fi Array deployment requires the presence of hardware and services in the host wired/wireless network, including:Power Source Most Arrays are powered via Xirrus Power over Gigabit Ethernet. PoGE supplies power over the same Cat 5e or Cat 6 cable used for data, thus reducing cabling and installation effort. PoGE power injector modules are available in 1-, 2-, and 8-port configurations and are typically placed near your Gigabit Ethernet switch. An AC outlet is required for each injector module. Current Array models have integrated splitters, so no separate splitter is required. Specific models of the Array are compatible with specific PoGE modules. For details, please see “Power over Gigabit Ethernet Compatibility Matrix” on page 451.If your Arrays are equipped to accept AC power (and you are not using PoGE), you need a dedicated power outlet to supply AC power to each unit deployed at the site.

Wi-Fi Array58 Installing the Wi-Fi ArrayEthernet port You need at least one 100/1000 BaseT port to establish wired Gigabit Ethernet connectivity (via the product’s Gigabit 1 or Gigabit 2 port) and one 10/100 BaseT port (if desired) for product management. Secure Shell (SSH) utilityTo establish secure remote command line access to the Array, you need a Secure Shell (SSH) utility, such as PuTTY. The utility must be configured to use SSH-2, since the Array will only allow SSH-2 connections. Secure Web browserEither Internet Explorer (version 6.0 or higher), Netscape Navigator (version 7.0 or higher), or Mozilla Firefox (version 1.01 or higher). A secure Web browser is required for Web-based management of the Array. The browser must be on the same subnet as the Array, or you must set a static route for management as described in the warning above. Serial connection capabilityTo connect directly to the console port on the Array, your computer must be equipped with a male 9-pin serial port and terminal emulation software (for example, HyperTerminal). The Xirrus Array only supports serial cable lengths up to 25’ per the RS-232 specification. !The Array’s Ethernet ports should be connected to an Ethernet switch, not an Ethernet hub — if a hub is used, we recommend that you connect only one Ethernet port.!The Gigabit1 Ethernet interface is the primary port for both data and management traffic. If a single Ethernet connection is used, it must be connected to the Gigabit1 Ethernet interface. See also, “Port Failover Protection” on page 80.The 10/100 Ethernet Port may be used for managing the Array out of band from the Gigabit Ethernet ports. The 10/100 port will route only management traffic, using a static route that may be configured for this interface. See “interface” on page 370.

Wi-Fi ArrayInstalling the Wi-Fi Array 59Use the following settings when establishing a serial connection:Optional Network ComponentsThe following network components are optional.Xirrus Management System (XMS)The optional XMS offers powerful management features for small or large Wi-Fi Array deployments.External RADIUS serverAlthough your Array comes with an embedded RADIUS server, for 802.1x authentication in large deployments you may want to add an external RADIUS server.Client RequirementsThe Wi-Fi Array should only be used with Wi-Fi certified client devices.See AlsoCoverage and Capacity PlanningDeployment ExamplesFailover PlanningPlanning Your InstallationBits per second 115,200Data bits 8Parity NoneStop bits 1Flow control None

Wi-Fi Array60 Installing the Wi-Fi ArrayPlanning Your InstallationThis section provides guidelines and examples to help you plan your Xirrus Wi-Fi Array deployment to achieve the best overall coverage and performance. We recommend you conduct a site survey to determine the best location and settings for each Array you install.The following topics are discussed:“General Deployment Considerations” on page 60“Coverage and Capacity Planning” on page 62“IEEE 802.11n Deployment Considerations” on page 72“Failover Planning” on page 80“Power Planning” on page 82“Security Planning” on page 83“Port Requirements” on page 86“Network Management Planning” on page 89“WDS Planning” on page 90“Common Deployment Options” on page 93General Deployment ConsiderationsThe Wi-Fi Array’s unique multi-radio architecture generates 360 degrees of sectored high-gain 802.11a/b/g/n or 802.11a/b/g coverage that provides extended range. However, the number, thickness and location of walls, ceilings or other objects that the wireless signals must pass through may affect the range. Typical ranges vary depending on the types of materials and background RF (radio frequency) noise at your location. To maximize wireless range, follow these basic guidelines:1. Keep the number of walls and ceilings between the Array and your receiving devices to a minimum — each wall or ceiling can reduce the For a complete discussion of implementing Voice over Wi-Fi on the Array, see the Xirrus Voice over Wi-Fi Application Note in the Xirrus Library.

$Wi-Fi ArrayInstalling the Wi-Fi Array 61wireless range from between 3 and 90 feet (1 to 30 meters). Position your devices so that the number of walls or ceilings is minimized.2. Be aware of the direct line between each device. For example, a wall that is 1.5 feet thick (half a meter) at 90° is actually almost 3 feet thick (or 1 meter) when viewed at a 45° angle. At an acute 2° degree angle the same wall is over 42 feet (or 14 meters) thick! For best reception, try to ensure that your wireless devices are positioned so that signals will travel straight through a wall or ceiling.Figure 10. Wall Thickness Considerations3. Try to position wireless client devices so that the signal passes through drywall (between studs) or open doorways and not other materials that can adversely affect the wireless signal.See AlsoCoverage and Capacity PlanningDeployment ExamplesCommon Deployment OptionsInstallation Prerequisites90° 45°1.5 feet/.5 m ~ 3 feet/1 m> 42 feet\14 m2°$

Wi-Fi Array62 Installing the Wi-Fi ArrayCoverage and Capacity PlanningThis section considers coverage and capacity for your deployment(s), including placement options, RF patterns and cell sizes, area calculations, roaming considerations, and channel allocations.PlacementUse the following guidelines when considering placement options:1. The best placement option for the Array is ceiling-mounted within an open plan environment (cubicles rather than fixed walls).2. Keep the Array away from electrical devices or appliances that generate RF noise. Because the Array is generally mounted on ceilings, be aware of its position relative to lighting (especially fluorescent lighting) — we recommend maintaining a distance of at least 3 to 6 feet (1 to 2 meters).Figure 11. Unit PlacementNote that several advanced features in this section are part of the Xirrus Advanced RF Performance Manager (RPM). They require the license installed on the Array to include support for RPM. Please see “About Licensing and Upgrades” on page 325. 100 ft/ 30m100 ft/ 30 m100 ft/30 m

Wi-Fi ArrayInstalling the Wi-Fi Array 633. If using multiple Arrays in the same area, maintain a distance of at least 100ft/30m between Arrays if there is direct line-of-sight between units, or at least 50ft/15m if a wall or other barrier exists between units.RF PatternsThe Wi-Fi Array allows you to control — automatically or manually — the pattern of wireless coverage that best suits your deployment needs. You can choose to operate with full coverage, half coverage, or custom coverage (by enabling or disabling individual sectors).Full (Normal) CoverageIn normal operation, the Array provides a full 360 degrees of coverage.Figure 12. Full (Normal) CoverageHalf CoverageIf installing a unit close to an exterior wall, you can deactivate half of the radios to prevent redundant signals from “bleeding” beyond the wall and extending

Wi-Fi Array64 Installing the Wi-Fi Arrayservice into public areas. The same principle applies if you want to restrict service to an adjacent room within the site.Figure 13. Adjusting RF PatternsCustom CoverageWhere there are highly reflective objects in proximity to the Array, you can turn off specific radios to avoid interference and feedback.Figure 14. Custom Coverageoutside wallobjectreflective

Wi-Fi ArrayInstalling the Wi-Fi Array 65Capacity and Cell SizesCell sizes should be estimated based on the number of users, the applications being used (for example, data/video/voice), and the number of Arrays available at the location. The capacity of a cell is defined as the minimum data rate desired for each sector multiplied by the total number of sectors being used.Figure 15. Connection Rate vs. Distance Figure 15 shows relative connection rates for 802.11n vs. 802.11a/g and 802.11b, and the effect of distance on the connection rates. Wireless environments can vary greatly so the actual rates may be different depending on the specific network deployment. The XS4 and XN4 have a smaller range than the larger Arrays.

Wi-Fi Array66 Installing the Wi-Fi ArrayFine Tuning Cell SizesAdjusting the transmit power allows you to fine tune cell sizes. There are four standard sizes — Small, Medium, Large, or Max (the default is Max). There is also an Auto setting that automatically determines the best cell size, and a Manual setting that allows you to choose your power settings directly. Figure 16. Transmit PowerAuto Cell Size is an automatic, self-tuning mechanism that balances cell size between Arrays to guarantee coverage while limiting the RF energy that could extend beyond the organizational boundary. Auto Cell uses communication between Arrays to dynamically set radio power so that complete coverage is provided to all areas, yet at the minimum power level required. This helps to minimize potential interference with neighboring networks. Additionally, Arrays running Auto Cell automatically detect and compensate for coverage gaps caused by system interruptions. To enable the Auto Cell Size feature, go to “RF Power & Sensitivity” on page 298. For a complete discussion of the Auto Cell size feature, see the Xirrus Auto Cell Application Note in the Xirrus Library. If you are installing many units in proximity to each other, we recommend that you use Auto Cell Size; otherwise, reduce the transmit power using manual settings to avoid excessive interference with other Arrays or installed APs. See also, “Coverage and Capacity Planning” on page 62.LargeMediumSmall

Wi-Fi ArrayInstalling the Wi-Fi Array 67Sharp CellThis patented Xirrus RF management option automatically creates more intelligently defined cells and improves performance by creating smaller, high-throughput cells. By dynamically limiting each cell to a defined boundary (cell size), the trailing edge bleed of RF energy is reduced, thus minimizing interference between neighboring Wi-Fi Arrays or other Access Points. To enable the Sharp Cell feature, go to “RF Power & Sensitivity” on page 298. For more information about this feature, see the Xirrus Sharp Cell Application Note in the Xirrus Library. Roaming ConsiderationsCells should overlap approximately 10 - 15% to accommodate client roaming.Figure 17. Overlapping CellsAllocating ChannelsBecause the Wi-Fi Array is a multi-channel device, allocating the best channels to radios is important if peak performance is to be maintained.Automatic Channel SelectionWe recommend that you allow the Array to make intelligent channel allocation decisions automatically. In the automatic mode, channels are allocated dynamically, driven by changes in the environment. Auto Channel assignment is ROAMING10 - 15% overlap

Wi-Fi Array68 Installing the Wi-Fi Arrayperformed by scanning the surrounding area for RF activity on all channels, then automatically selecting and setting channels on the Array to the best channels available. This function is typically executed when initially installing Arrays in a new location and may optionally be configured to execute periodically to account for changes in the RF environment over time. Auto Channel selection has significant advantages, including: Allows the Array to come up for the first time and not interfere with existing equipment that may be already running, thereby limiting co-channel interference.More accurately tunes the RF characteristics of a Wi-Fi installation than manual configuration since the radios themselves are scanning the environment from their physical location. May be configured to run periodically. To set up the automatic channel selection feature, go to “Advanced RF Settings” on page 294. For more information about this feature, see the Xirrus Auto Channel Application Note in the Xirrus Library.

Wi-Fi ArrayInstalling the Wi-Fi Array 69Manual Channel SelectionYou can manually assign channels on a per radio basis, though manual selection is not recommended (and not necessary).Figure 18. Allocating Channels ManuallySee AlsoDeployment ExamplesFailover PlanningInstallation PrerequisitesTo avoid co-channel interference, do not select adjacent channels for radios that are physically next to each other.Maintain channel separation

Wi-Fi Array70 Installing the Wi-Fi ArrayDeployment ExamplesThe following examples employ 802.11a cells, each offering minimum throughputs of 54 Mbps, 36 Mbps, and 18 Mbps per sector respectively, and assume a floor plan covering a total area of about 60,000 square feet (5574 sq m).Figure 19. Deployment Scenario (54 Mbps) — Per SectorFigure 20. Deployment Scenario (36 Mbps) — Per Sector

Wi-Fi ArrayInstalling the Wi-Fi Array 71Figure 21. Deployment Scenario (18 Mbps) — Per SectorSee AlsoCoverage and Capacity PlanningFailover PlanningPlanning Your Installation

Wi-Fi Array72 Installing the Wi-Fi ArrayIEEE 802.11n Deployment ConsiderationsThe Xirrus XR and XN Arrays support IEEE 802.11n on all IAPs, in both 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands. Use of 802.11n offers significant benefits: Higher data ratesHigher throughput Supports more usersMore robust connectionsIncreased coverage areaMore secure connections — supports WPA2 (Wi-Fi Protected Access 2)These benefits result in better support for a wide range of applications such as voice and video, intensive usage such as CAD/CAM and backups, dense user environments, and for manufacturing and warehousing environments. The techniques that 802.11n uses to realize these performance improvements, and the results that can be expected are discussed in:“MIMO (Multiple-In Multiple-Out)” on page 73“Multiple Data Streams — Spatial Multiplexing” on page 75“Channel Bonding” on page 76“Improved MAC Throughput” on page 77“Short Guard Interval” on page 77“Obtaining Higher Data Rates” on page 78“802.11n Capacity” on page 79IEEE 802.11n features are supported only on XR and XN Array models, and this section applies only to those Arrays. Note that the license installed on the Array must include support for 802.11n. Please see “About Licensing and Upgrades” on page 325. While 802.11n increases coverage area by almost doubling the reach, you must consider the legacy wireless devices in your network. Wireless stations connecting using 802.11a/b/g will still be subject to a reach of up to 100 feet, depending on the environment.

Wi-Fi ArrayInstalling the Wi-Fi Array 73Two very important techniques to consider are Channel Bonding and Multiple Data Streams — Spatial Multiplexing because they contribute a large portion of 802.11n’s speed improvements and because they are optional and configurable, as opposed to the parts of 802.11n that are fixed. While the settings for 802.11n IAPs come pre-configured on the Array for robust performance in typical usage, you should review the settings for your deployment, especially channel bonding. A global setting is provided to enable or disable 802.11n mode. See “Global Settings .11n” on page 291 to configure 802.11n operation. MIMO (Multiple-In Multiple-Out) MIMO (Multiple-In Multiple-Out) signal processing is one of the core technologies of 802.11n. It mitigates interference and maintains broadband performance even with weak signals.Prior to 802.11n, a data stream was transmitted via one antenna. At the receiving end, the antenna with the best signal was selected to receive data. (Figure 22)Figure 22. Classic 802.11 Signal Transmission

Wi-Fi Array74 Installing the Wi-Fi ArrayFigure 23. MIMO Signal ProcessingMIMO signal processing uses multiple antennas to send and receive data. It takes advantage of multipath reflections to improve signal coherence and greatly increase receiver sensitivity (Figure 23). Multipath signals were considered to be interference by 802.11a/b/g radios, and degraded performance. In 802.11n, these signals are used to enhance performance. This extra sensitivity can be used for greater range or higher data rates. The enhanced signal is the processed sum of individual antennas. Signal processing eliminates nulls and fading that any one antenna would see. MIMO signal processing is sophisticated enough to discern multiple spatial streams (see Multiple Data Streams — Spatial Multiplexing). There are no settings to configure for MIMO. Frequency Across SubcarriersAttenuationAntenna 1 SignalMIMO Processed SignalAntenna 2 SignalAntenna 3 SignalReceiver

Wi-Fi ArrayInstalling the Wi-Fi Array 75Multiple Data Streams — Spatial MultiplexingSpatial Multiplexing transmits completely separate data streams on different antennas (in the same channel) that are recombined to produce new 802.11n data rates. Higher data rates are achieved by splitting the original data stream into separate data streams. Each separate stream is transmitted on a different antenna (using its own RF chain). MIMO signal processing at the receiver can detect and recover each stream. Streams are then recombined, yielding higher data rates. Figure 24. Spatial MultiplexingSpatial multiplexing can double, triple, or quadruple the date rate, depending on the number of transmit antennas used. You can configure the number of chains (i.e., streams) separately for transmitting and receiving. By default, the Array uses three chains for transmitting and receiving (see “Global Settings .11n” on page 291). %Rx 1Rx 2RxM%TransmitterData Stream Data StreamReceiverTx 1Tx 2TxN

Wi-Fi Array76 Installing the Wi-Fi ArrayChannel BondingChannel bonding increases data rates by combining two adjacent 20 MHz channels into one 40 MHz channel. This increases the data rate to slightly more than double. A bonded 40 MHz channel is specified in terms of the Primary channel and the adjacent channel to Bond. The Bond channel is represented by +1 to use the channel above the Primary channel, or -1 to use the channel below. In the example shown, Channel 40 is the Primary channel and it is bonded to Channel 36, the channel below it, by specifying -1. Be aware that Channel Bonding can make channel planning more difficult, since you are using two channels for an IAP. We recommend the use of the 5 GHz band, since it has many more channels than the 2.4 GHz band, and thus more channels are available for bonding. The Array provides an Automatic Channel Bonding setting that will automatically select the best channel for bonding on each IAP. If you enable this option, you may select whether bonding will be dynamic (the bonded channel changes in response to environmental conditions) or static (the bonded channel will not be changed. See “Global Settings .11n” on page 291. To configure channel bonding manually, on a per-IAP basis, see “IAP Settings” on page 271. Figure 25. Channel BondingCh# Ch#4020 MHz 20 MHz3640 MHz(40, -1)Standard 802.11 channels are effectively 20MHz wide. Channel bonding combines two adjacent 20MHz channels into a single 40MHz channel providing increased throughput.

Wi-Fi ArrayInstalling the Wi-Fi Array 77Improved MAC ThroughputThese changes make 802.11n transmission of MAC frames 40% more efficient than legacy transmission:MAC data frames are combined and given a single PHY header.Implicit Block ACK acknowledges all data frames within a combined frame. Spacing between frames is reduced. Figure 26. MAC Throughput ImprovementsShort Guard IntervalThis option reduces the wait time between signals that are being sent out over the air. The guard interval provides immunity to propagation delays and reflections, and is normally 800 ns (long). By using a short guard interval (400 ns), the data rate is increased by approximately 11%. The short interval may be used in many environments (especially indoors). If the short guard interval is used in an NACK FrameNData Frame2Data FramePHY HeaderMAC HeaderData Frame PayloadACK Frame PayloadLegacy OperationHigh Throughput OperationData Framessssss sss1Data Frame Block ACK Frame1122NNACK Frame1 2ACK FrameNNData FrameSIFSSIFSSIFSRIFS RIFSLegacy OperationHigh Throughput OperationData Frame ACK Framesssssssss11 2Data Frame Data Frame Data FrameBlock ACKRequestFrameBlock ACKResponseFrame12 N1 2 22Data Frame ACK FrameNACK FrameRIFS Usage (Reduced Inter-Frame Spacing)Frame Aggregation

Wi-Fi Array78 Installing the Wi-Fi Arrayinappropriate environment, the signal quality will suffer and throughput will decrease. See “Global Settings .11n” on page 291 to configure the guard interval. Obtaining Higher Data Rates The data rate increase obtained by using 802.11n on an Array is incremental, based on the technologies that are applied and the options that you select:Higher encoding rates (Mandatory in 802.11n)Spatial Streams (Mandatory, but multiplier varies directly with number of streams selected.)Channel Bonding (Mandatory in 802.11n, apply multiplier to IAP if it is bonded.)Short Guard Interval (Optional)See Figure 27 to compute your 802.11n data rate increase for an IAP. Apply this increase to the 802.11 a, b or g data rates selected for the Array.Figure 27. Computing 802.11n Data RatesOptionallyMultiply By 2.077to BondTwo 20MHzChannelsOptionallyMultiply by 1.11 for Shorter Guard Interval to Increase Symbol RateOptionallyMultiply by 2, 3, 4for the Number of AdditionalSpatial StreamsChoose New Base Encoding + ModulationBPSK (6.5)QPSK (13, 19.5)QAM-16 (26, 39)QAM-64 (58.5, 65)New 11nData Ratexxx =Expected First Generation Device Data RatesExpected 802.11n Data Rates802.11a 802.11gRates6912182436485411n Mandatory Data Rates6.51319.526395258.565With ChannelBonding (40MHz)13.52740.55481108121.5135With ShortGuard Interval1530456090120135150Two SpatialStreams1326395278104117130With ChannelBonding (40MHz)275481108162216243270With ShortGuard Interval306090120180240270300One Spatial Stream Two Spatial Streams

Wi-Fi ArrayInstalling the Wi-Fi Array 79802.11n Capacity802.11n offers major increases in capacity over previous 802.11 standards, as shown in Figure 28. Note that this chart shows figures for 802.11n (with one spatial stream and channel bonding). Figure 28. 802.11n Increases Capacity 802.11a/n Capacity23 channels * 150Mbps = 3.4Gbps802.11a Capacity23 channels * 54Mbps = 1.2 Gbps802.11g/n Capacity3 channels * 150Mbps = 450 Mbps802.11g Capacity3 channels * 54Mbps = 162 Mbps802.11b Capacity3 channels * 11Mbps = 33 Mbps802.11a/n Capacity23 channels * 150Mbps = 3.4Gbps802.11a Capacity23 channels * 54Mbps = 1.2 Gbps802.11g/n Capacity3 channels * 150Mbps = 450 Mbps802.11g Capacity3 channels * 54Mbps = 162 Mbps802.11b Capacity3 channels * 11Mbps = 33 Mbps150

Wi-Fi Array80 Installing the Wi-Fi ArrayFailover PlanningThis section discusses failover protection at the unit and port levels.Port Failover ProtectionTo ensure that service is continued in the event of a port failure, you can utilize the Gigabit 1 and Gigabit 2 ports simultaneously.Figure 29. Port Failover ProtectionIn addition, the Array has full failover protection between the Gigabit 1 and Gigabit 2 Ethernet ports (see following table).The Wi-Fi Array Gigabit Ethernet ports actually support a number of modes:802.3ad Link AggregationInterface Bridges Data?Bridges Management Traffic?Fails Over To: IP addressFast Ethernet No Yes None DHCP or staticGigabit 1 Yes Yes Gigabit 2 DHCP or staticGigabit 2 Yes Yes Gigabit 1 Assumes the IP address of Gigabit 1Ethernet switchMultiple port connections

Wi-Fi ArrayInstalling the Wi-Fi Array 81Load BalancingBroadcastLink BackupBridgedMirroredFor more details on Gigabit port modes and their configuration, please see “Network Interface Ports” on page 181. Switch Failover ProtectionTo ensure that service is continued in the event of a switch failure, you can connect Arrays to more than one Ethernet switch (not a hub).Figure 30. Switch Failover ProtectionSee AlsoCoverage and Capacity PlanningDeployment ExamplesInstallation PrerequisitesNetwork Management PlanningPlanning Your InstallationPower PlanningSecurity PlanningGigabit Ethernet connections must be on the same subnet.Ethernet switch Backup switchEthernet connections

Wi-Fi Array82 Installing the Wi-Fi ArrayPower Planning All XR and XN Series Array models and XS16/8/4 Arrays support Power over Gigabit Ethernet (PoGE) with an integrated splitter. AC power is also supported on some versions of the XS8 and XS16.? True?? This section discusses the AC and PoGE power options.AC PowerThe AC power option requires a direct connection between the Array and a dedicated AC power outlet. The power cord is provided with the unit.Power over Gigabit EthernetTo deliver power to the Array, you may use the optional XP1, XP2, or XP8 Power over Gigabit Ethernet (PoGE) modules. They provide power over Cat 5e or Cat 6 cables to the Array without running power cables — see Figure 5 on page 14. Specific models of the Array are compatible with specific PoGE modules. For details, please see “Power over Gigabit Ethernet Compatibility Matrix” on page 451. See AlsoCoverage and Capacity PlanningDeployment ExamplesFailover PlanningNetwork Management PlanningSecurity PlanningWhen using Cat 5e or Cat 6 cable, power can be provided up to a distance of 100m.

Wi-Fi ArrayInstalling the Wi-Fi Array 83Security PlanningThis section offers some useful guidelines for defining your preferred encryption and authentication method. For additional information, see “Understanding Security” on page 210 and the Security section of “Frequently Asked Questions” on page 432. Wireless EncryptionEncryption ensures that no user can decipher another user’s data transmitted over the airwaves. There are three encryption options available to you, including:WEP-40bit or WEP-128bitBecause WEP is vulnerable to cracks, we recommend that you only use this for legacy devices that cannot support a stronger encryption type.Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)This is much more secure than WEP and uses TKIP for encryption.Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA2) with AES This is government-grade encryption — available on most new client adapters — and uses the AES–CCM encryption mode (Advanced Encryption Standard–Counter Mode).AuthenticationAuthentication ensures users are who they say they are, and occurs when users attempt to join the wireless network and periodically thereafter. The following authentication methods are available with the Wi-Fi Array:RADIUS 802.1x 802.1x uses a remote RADIUS server to authenticate large numbers of clients, and can handle different authentication methods (EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS, EAP-PEAP, and EAP-LEAP Passthrough). Administrators may Note that several advanced features in this section are part of the Xirrus Advanced RF Security Manager (RSM). They require the license installed on the Array to include support for RSM. Please see “About Licensing and Upgrades” on page 325.

Wi-Fi Array84 Installing the Wi-Fi Arrayalso be authenticated via RADIUS when preferred, or to meet particular security standards. Xirrus Internal RADIUS serverRecommended for smaller numbers of users (about 100 or less). Supports EAP-PEAP onlyPre-Shared KeyUses a pass-phrase or key that is manually distributed to all authorized users. The same passphrase is given to client devices and entered into each Array.MAC Access Control Lists (ACLs)MAC access control lists provide a list of client adapter MAC addresses that are allowed or denied access to the wireless network, and can be used in addition to any of the above authentication methods. ACLs are good for embedded devices, like printers and bar-code scanners (though MAC addresses can be spoofed). The Array supports 1,000 ACL entries.Meeting PCI DSS StandardsThe Payment Card Industry (PCI) Data Security Standard (DSS) was developed by major credit card companies. It lays out a set of requirements that must be met in order to provide adequate security for sensitive data. The Wi-Fi Array may be configured to satisfy PCI DSS standards. For details, please see Appendix D: Implementing PCI DSS. Note that the license installed on the Array must include the Xirrus Advanced RF Security Manager (RSM) to support PCI audit compliance enforcement. Please see “About Licensing and Upgrades” on page 325.Meeting FIPS StandardsThe Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) Publication 140-2 establishes a computer security standard used to accredit cryptographic modules. The standard is a joint effort by the U.S. and Canadian governments. To implement Level 2 security requirements of FIPS Level 2 on the Wi-Fi Array, see Appendix E: Implementing FIPS Security.

Wi-Fi ArrayInstalling the Wi-Fi Array 85See AlsoFailover PlanningNetwork Management PlanningPower Planning

Wi-Fi Array86 Installing the Wi-Fi ArrayPort Requirements A number of ports are used by various Array features and by the Xirrus Management System (XMS). The Port Requirements table on page 87 lists ports and the features that require them (XMS port requirements are included in the table for your convenience). If you are using a feature, please make sure that the ports that it requires are not blocked by firewalls or other policies, and that they do not conflict with any other port assignments.As an example, XMS port requirements are illustrated in Figure 31. XMS requires ports 161, 162, and 443 to be passed between Arrays and the XMS server. Similarly, ports 9090 and 9091 are required for communication between the XMS server and XMS clients, and port 25 is typically used by the XMS server to access an SMTP server to send email notifications. Figure 31. Port Requirements for XMSFirewallXMS Server XMS Client*L2 Switching InfrastructureSMTP Server*InternalResourcesExternal Network /InternetPorts:9090, 9091Ports:161, 162, 443SSID Trafﬁc onVLANs A, B, etc.Management overNative VLANTrafﬁc from ArraysVLAN BTrafﬁc from ArraysVLAN ATrunked 802.1qVLAN ConnectionPorts:25* XMS Client and SMTP Server may be internal or external resources.

Wi-Fi ArrayInstalling the Wi-Fi Array 87The following table lists port requirements for the Array and for XMS, how they are used, and whether they may be changed.Port Application Peer ConfigurableArray20 tcp21 udp FTP Client Yes22 tcp SSH Client Yes23 tcp Telnet Client Yes25 tcp SMTP Mail Server No69 tcp TFTP TFTP Server No161 tcp/udp SNMP XMS Server No162 tcp/udp SNMP Traphost Note - Up to four Traphosts may be configured.XMS ServerYes - but required by XMS443 tcp HTTPS (WMI,WPR) Client Yes514 udp Syslog Syslog Server No1812, 1645 udpRADIUS (some servers use 1645) RADIUS Server Yes1813, 1646 udpRADIUS Accounting(some servers still use 1646)RADIUS Accounting Server Yes2055 udp Netflow Client Yes5000 tcp Virtual Tunnel VTUN Server Yes

Wi-Fi Array88 Installing the Wi-Fi ArraySee AlsoManagement ControlExternal RadiusServicesVLAN ManagementXMS25 tcp SMTP Mail Server Yes161 udp SNMP Arrays No162 udp SNMP Traphost 1 Arrays Via XMS config file443 tcp HTTPS Arrays No514 udp Resident Syslog server Internal* Via XMS config file1099 tcp RMI Registry Internal* No2000 tcp XMS Back-end Server Internal* No3306 tcp MySQL Database Internal* No8001 tcp Status Viewer Internal* No8007 tcp Tomcat Shutdown Internal* During installation8009 tcp Web Container Internal* During installation9090 tcp XMS Webserver XMS client During installation9091 tcp XMS Client Server XMS client Via XMS config file* Internal to XMS Server, no ports need to be unblocked on other network devices Port Application Peer Configurable

Wi-Fi ArrayInstalling the Wi-Fi Array 89Network Management PlanningNetwork management can be performed using any of the following methods:Command Line Interface, using an SSH (Secure Shell) utility, like PuTTY. The utility must be set up to use SSH-2, since the Array will only allow SSH-2 connections. Web-based management, using the Array’s embedded Web Management Interface (WMI). This method provides configuration and basic monitoring tools, and is good for small deployments (one or two units).Centralized Web-based management, using the optional Xirrus Management System (XMS), which can be run on a dedicated Xirrus appliance (XM-3300) or your own server. The XMS is used for managing large Wi-Fi Array deployments from a centralized Web-based interface and offers the following features: Globally manage large numbers of Arrays (up to 500) Seamless view of the entire wireless network Easily configure large numbers of Arrays  Rogue AP monitoring Easily manage system-wide firmware updates  Monitor performance and trendsAggregation of alerts and alarmsSee AlsoFailover PlanningPower PlanningSecurity Planning

Wi-Fi Array90 Installing the Wi-Fi ArrayWDS PlanningWDS (Wireless Distribution System) creates wireless backhauls between arrays, allowing your wireless network to be expanded using multiple Arrays without the need for a wired backbone to link them (see Figure 32). WDS features include:One to three IAPs may be used to form a single WDS link, yielding up to 900 Mbps bandwidth per link (up to 162 Mbps for XS model Arrays). Up to three different WDS links may be created on a single Array. Automatic IAP Load Balancing If desired, you may allow clients to associate to a BSS on the same radio interface used for a WDS Host Link. This will take bandwidth from the WDS link. Figure 32. WDS LinkMultiple links per Array allow you to configure multi-hop connections.

Wi-Fi ArrayInstalling the Wi-Fi Array 91Figure 33. A Multiple Hop WDS ConnectionMultiple WDS links can provide link redundancy (failover capability - see Figure 34). A network protocol (Spanning Tree Protocol — STP) prevents Arrays from forming network loops. Figure 34. WDS Failover Protection

Wi-Fi Array92 Installing the Wi-Fi ArrayWDS links have a Host/Client relationship similar to the usual IAP/station pattern for Arrays:A WDS Client Link associates/authenticates to a host (target) Array in the same way that a station associates to an IAP. The client side of the link must be configured with the root MAC address of the target (host) Array.A WDS Host Link acts like an IAP by allowing one WDS Client Link to associate to it. An Array may have both client and host links.WDS configuration is performed only on the client-side Array. See “WDS” on page 305. Note that both Arrays must be configured with the same SSID name.

Wi-Fi ArrayInstalling the Wi-Fi Array 93Common Deployment OptionsThe following table lists some typical and recommended deployment options for a number of the features that have been discussed in this chapter. See AlsoCoverage and Capacity PlanningDeployment ExamplesNetwork Management PlanningPlanning Your InstallationPower PlanningSecurity PlanningFunctionNumber of Wi-Fi ArraysOne or Two Three or MorePower AC (some Array models)Power over Gigabit EthernetAC (some Array models)Power over Gigabit EthernetUPS backup(recommended)Failover Recommended Highly recommendedVLANs Optional Optional use,Can be used to put all APs on one VLAN or map to existing VLAN schemeEncryption WPA2 with AES (recommended)PSK or 802.1x WPA2 with AES (recommended)802.1x keyingAuthentication Internal RADIUS serverEAP-PEAPPre-Shared KeyExternal RADIUS serverManagement Internal WMIInternal CLI (via SSHv2)XMS (SNMP)

Wi-Fi Array94 Installing the Wi-Fi ArrayInstallation WorkflowThis workflow illustrates the steps that are required to install and configure your Wi-Fi Array successfully. Review this flowchart before attempting to install the unit on a customer’s network.Figure 35. Installation Workflow See AlsoCoverage and Capacity PlanningDeployment ExamplesDetermine the number of Arrays neededChoose the location(s) for your Wi-Fi ArraysInstall the mounting plateConnect the cables and turn on the powerVerify that the Ethernet link and radio LEDs are functioning correctlyPerform the Express Setup procedureRun Ethernet cables for PoGE(<100m total distance from switch)Log in to WMI and enter your license

Wi-Fi ArrayInstalling the Wi-Fi Array 95Common Deployment OptionsFailover PlanningInstallation PrerequisitesPlanning Your InstallationPower PlanningWi-Fi Array Product OverviewProduct Specifications — XN16, XN12, and XN8Product Specifications — XS16 and XS8Product Specifications — XS4Security Planning

Wi-Fi Array96 Installing the Wi-Fi ArrayInstalling Your Wi-Fi ArrayThis section provides instructions for completing a physical installation of your Xirrus Wi-Fi Array.Choosing a LocationBased on coverage, capacity and deployment examples previously discussed, choose a location for the Array that will provide the best results for your needs. The Wi-Fi Array was designed to be mounted on a ceiling where the unit is unobtrusive and wireless transmissions can travel unimpeded throughout open plan areas.You also have the option of mounting the Array on a wall, using the optional wall mount assembly kit.Choose a location that is central to your users (see the following diagram for correct placement.Figure 36. Array PlacementWRONGCORRECTRORRERORRECWRONGGGOONRORONONRORON

Wi-Fi ArrayInstalling the Wi-Fi Array 97Wiring ConsiderationsIf you are using the Xirrus Power over Gigabit Ethernet modules (PoGE) to distribute power, see “Power over Gigabit Ethernet (PoGE)” on page 14. If you prefer to use AC power and you have an Array that supports AC, an AC power outlet must be available to the Array. Once you have determined the best location for your Wi-Fi Array, you must run cables to the location for the following services:PowerOne of the following options:No power cable to the Array is required if using PoGE modules. The PoGE module requires a dedicated AC power outlet (100 - 240 VAC).Dedicated AC power if PoGE is not in use. A UL-approved cord is shipped with all AC-equipped Arrays. You must use a UL-approved cord if using AC power. NetworkGigabit 1 — If using PoGE modules, the total of all Cat 5e or Cat 6 cable segments from the Gigabit Ethernet switch to the Array must be less than 100m long. The Array must be connected to PoGE networks without routing cabling to the outside plant, to ensure that cabling is not exposed to lightning strikes or possible high voltage crossover.Gigabit 2 (optional, not available on the four-port Arrays)Fast Ethernet (optional, not available on the four-port Arrays)Serial cable (optional) — cable lengths up to 25’ per the RS-232 specification.

Wi-Fi Array98 Installing the Wi-Fi ArrayImportant Notes About Network ConnectionsRead the following notes before making any network connections.See AlsoFailover PlanningInstallation PrerequisitesInstallation WorkflowMounting the ArrayPower over Gigabit Ethernet (PoGE)When the unit’s IP address is unknown or a network connection has not been established, the serial cable is used for connecting directly with the Command Line Interface (CLI) via HyperTerminal. When a network connection is established, the Array can be managed from any of the available network connections, either Fast Ethernet, Gigabit 1 or Gigabit 2.!The Array’s Ethernet ports should be plugged into an Ethernet switch, not an Ethernet hub — if a hub is used, we recommend that you connect only one Ethernet port.!The Gigabit1 Ethernet interface is the primary port for both data and management traffic. If a single Ethernet connection is used, it must be connected to the Gigabit1 Ethernet interface. See also, “Port Failover Protection” on page 80.The 10/100 Ethernet Port may be used for managing the Array out of band from the Gigabit Ethernet ports. The 10/100 port will route only management traffic, using a static route that may be configured for this interface. See “interface” on page 370.

Wi-Fi ArrayInstalling the Wi-Fi Array 99Mounting the Array A number of options are available for mounting Arrays:Ceiling mountWall mountSecure mount in a locking indoor enclosureOutdoor enclosureI-Beam mount in a protective enclosure (gymnasium mount)Factory enclosureA detailed Quick Installation Guide is provided with the mounting option that you selected when ordering your Array. Please follow the provided instructions carefully.Dismounting the Array To dismount any other Array modelFor all Array models other than the XS-3700/3900, push up on the Array (i.e., push it against the mounting plate). Then turn the Array to the left to remove it. This is similar to dismounting a smoke detector.

Wi-Fi Array100 Installing the Wi-Fi ArrayPowering Up the Wi-Fi ArrayWhen powering up, the Array follows a specific sequence of LED patterns showing the boot progress, and following a successful boot will provide extensive status information.Figure 37. LED Locations (XN16)Array LED settings may be altered or disabled entirely for diagnostic purposes or for personal preference. Changes are made via the Array’s Command Line Interface or the Web Management Interface — refer to “LED Settings” on page 303.Status LEDEthernet Activity LEDsIAP LEDs (x16)

Wi-Fi ArrayInstalling the Wi-Fi Array 101Array LED Operating SequencesUse the following tables to review the operating sequences of the Array’s LEDs.“LED Boot Sequence” on page 101“LED Operation when Array is Running” on page 102LED Boot SequenceThe normal boot LED sequence is as follows:Array Activity Status LED IAP LEDsPower ON Blinking GREEN All OFFBoot loader power ON self-testBlinking GREEN All ONImage load from compact FLASHBlinking GREEN Spinning pattern (rotate all to ON, then all to OFF)Image load failure Blinking ORANGE All OFFHand off to ArrayOS Solid GREEN All OFFSystem software initializationSolid GREEN Walking pattern — (LED rotating one position per second)Up and running Solid GREEN ON for IAPs that are up:OFF for IAPs that are down.Behavior may be changed using “LED Settings” on page 303.

Wi-Fi Array102 Installing the Wi-Fi ArrayLED Operation when Array is RunningThe normal LED operation when the Array is running is shown in the table below. Note that behavior may be modified using “LED Settings” on page 303 or via the CLI.See AlsoInstallation PrerequisitesInstallation WorkflowInstalling Your Wi-Fi ArrayLED SettingsLED Status ReasonIAP LED is OFF IAP is downIAP LED is solid ON IAP is up, but no associations and no trafficIAP LED heartbeat IAP is up, with stations associated but no trafficIAP LED flashingFlashing at 10 HzFlashing at 5 HzFlashing at 2.5 HzIAP is up, passing trafficTraffic > 1500 packets/secTraffic > 150 packets/secTraffic > 1 packet/sec IAP LED is GREEN IAP is operating in the 2.4 GHz bandIAP LED is ORANGE IAP is operating in the 5 GHz bandIAP LED flashing ORANGE to GREEN at 1 HzIAP abg(n)2 is in monitor mode(standard intrude detect)Ethernet LEDs are dual colorEthernet LED is ORANGEEthernet LED is GREENTransferring data at 1 GbpsTransferring data at 10/100 Mbps

Wi-Fi ArrayInstalling the Wi-Fi Array 103Establishing Communication with the ArrayThe Array can be configured through the Command Line Interface (CLI) or the graphical Web Management Interface (WMI). You can use the CLI via the serial management port, the Fast Ethernet port, or either of the Gigabit Ethernet ports. You can use the WMI via any of the Array’s Ethernet ports.Figure 38. Network Interface PortsUsing the Serial PortIf using the serial port to make your connection, use serial settings of 8 bits, no parity, no flow control, 1 stop bit (8N1) and a speed setting of 115200 baud. Use the communication package of your choice.Using the Ethernet PortsBy default, the Array's Ethernet interfaces use DHCP to obtain an IP address. If the Array is booted and does not receive DHCP addresses on either the Fast Ethernet or Gigabit Ethernet ports, the Fast Ethernet port will default to an IP address of 10.0.1.1 and both Gigabit Ethernet ports will default to 10.0.2.1. If the Array is connected to a network that provides DHCP addresses, the IP address can be determined by the following two methods:1. Examine the DHCP tables on the server and find the addresses assigned to the Array (Xirrus MAC addresses begin with 000F7D).2. Query the Array using the CLI via the serial port. Use the show ethernetcommand to view the IP addresses assigned to each port.SerialFast EthernetGigabit 1Gigabit 2

Wi-Fi Array104 Installing the Wi-Fi ArrayLogging InWhen logging in to the Array, use the default user name and password — the default user name is admin, and the default password is admin.See AlsoInstallation WorkflowPerforming the Express Setup ProcedurePowering Up the Wi-Fi ArrayEntering the LicenseA license is needed to operate the Wi-Fi Array at full functionality. Without a license, the Array may only be powered up and have a basic network configuration. The Array’s license determines many of the features that are available on the Array. For example, automatic cell sizing and channel allocation require a license supporting the RF Performance Manager (RPM). Also, IEEE 802.11n operation on XR and XN model Arrays requires a license.The Array’s license is not installed at the factory. You must enter your license before proceeding to the next step, Performing the Express Setup Procedure.The procedure below describes entering the license key using the WMI. If you are using the Xirrus Management System (XMS), you may use it to easily manage and upgrade large numbers of licenses for the wireless network. 1. This procedure assumes that you have pointed a browser to the Array’s IP address to start WMI, and that you have logged in with the default username and password above. 2. In the left had frame, in the Tools section, click System Tools. 3. License Key: Enter the key that was provided for the Array. The key was provided to you in an email as an attachment in the form of an Excel file (.xls). Enter the key exactly as it appears in the file. Click the Upgradebutton to apply the key.

Wi-Fi ArrayInstalling the Wi-Fi Array 1054. Now you may verify the features provided by the key. In the Statussection of the left hand frame, click Array and then click Information. Check the items listed in the License Features row. If you are installing a large number of licenses and do not have XMS, a Xirrus Licensing Tool may be acquired from Xirrus Support to help push licenses to large number of Arrays.

Wi-Fi Array106 Installing the Wi-Fi ArrayPerforming the Express Setup ProcedureThe Express Setup procedure establishes global configuration settings that enable basic Array functionality. Changes made in this window will affect all radios. Figure 39. Express Setup

Wi-Fi ArrayInstalling the Wi-Fi Array 107Procedure for Performing an Express Setup1. Host Name: Specify a unique host name for this Array. The host name is used to identify the Array on the network. Use a name that will be meaningful within your network environment, up to 64 alphanumeric characters. The default is Xirrus-WiFi-Array.2. Location Information: Enter a brief but meaningful description that accurately defines the physical location of the Array. In an environment where multiple units are installed, clear definitions for their locations are important if you want to identify a specific unit.3. Admin Contact: Enter the name and contact information of the person who is responsible for administering the Array at the designated location.4. Admin Email: Enter the email address of the admin contact you entered in Step 3.5. Admin Phone: Enter the telephone number of the admin contact you entered in Step 3.6. Configure SNMPv2: Select whether to Enable SNMPv2 on the Array, and change the SNMP Community Strings if desired. If you are using the Xirrus Management System (XMS), these strings must match the values used by XMS. The default values for the Array match the defaults in XMS. For more details, including SNMPv3, see “SNMP” on page 199.7. Configure the Fast Ethernet (10/100 Megabit), Gigabit 1 and Gigabit 2network interfaces. The fields for each of these interfaces are the same, and include:a. Enable Interface: Choose Yes to enable this network interface, or choose No to disable the interface.b. Allow Management on Interface: Choose Yes to allow management of the Array via this network interface, or choose No to deny all management privileges for this interface.c. Configuration Server Protocol: Choose DHCP to instruct the Array to use DHCP to assign IP addresses to the Array’s Ethernet interfaces,

Wi-Fi Array108 Installing the Wi-Fi Arrayor choose Static if you intend to enter IP addresses manually. If you choose the Static IP option, you must enter the following information:IP Address: Enter a valid IP address for this Array. To use any of the remote connections (Web, SNMP, or SSH), a valid IP address must be used.IP Subnet Mask: Enter a valid IP address for the subnet mask(the default is 255.255.255.0). The subnet mask defines the number of IP addresses that are available on the routed subnet where the Array is located.Default Gateway: Enter a valid IP address for the default gateway. This is the IP address of the router that the Array uses to forward data to other networks.8. SSID Settings: This section specifies the wireless network name and security settings.a. SSID (Wireless Network Name): The SSID (Service Set Identifier) is a unique name that identifies a wireless network. All devices attempting to connect to a specific WLAN must use the same SSID. The default for this field is “xirrus.”For additional information about SSIDs, go to the Multiple SSIDssection of “Frequently Asked Questions” on page 432.b. Wireless Security: Select the desired wireless security scheme (Open, WEP, WPA, WPA2, or WPA-Both). WPA2 is recommended for the best Wi-Fi security.•Open — This option offers no data encryption and is not recommended, though you might choose this option if clients are required to use a VPN connection through a secure SSH utility, like PuTTy.•WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) — An optional IEEE 802.11 function that offers frame transmission privacy similar to a wired network. WEP generates secret shared encryption keys that both source and destination stations can use to alter frame bits to avoid disclosure to eavesdroppers.

Wi-Fi ArrayInstalling the Wi-Fi Array 109•WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) — A Wi-Fi Alliance standard that contains a subset of the IEEE 802.11i standard, using TKIP or AES as an encryption method and 802.1x for authentication. •WPA2 (Wi-Fi Protected Access 2) — WPA2 is the follow-on security method to WPA for wireless networks and provides stronger data protection and network access control. It offers Enterprise and consumer Wi-Fi users with a high level of assurance that only authorized users can access their wireless networks. Like WPA, WPA2 is designed to secure all versions of 802.11 devices, including 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, and 802.11n, multi-band and multi-mode.•WPA-Both (WPA and WPA2) — This option makes use of both WPA and WPA2.For more information about security, including a full review of all security options and settings, go to “Understanding Security” on page 210. c. Wireless Key/Passphrase: Depending on the wireless security scheme you selected, enter a unique WEP key or WPA passphrase.d. Confirm Key/Passphrase: If you entered a WEP key or WPA passphrase, confirm it here.9. Admin Settings: This section allows you to change the default password for the Array. Note that the Array also offers the option of authenticating administrators using a RADIUS server (see “Admin Management” on page 215). a. New Admin Password: If desired, enter a new administration password for managing this Array. Choose a password that is not obvious, and one that you can remember. If you forget your password, you must reset the Array to its factory defaults so that the password is reset to admin (its default setting).b. Confirm Admin Password: If you entered a new administration password, confirm the new password here.

Wi-Fi Array110 Installing the Wi-Fi Array10. Time and Date Settings: This section specifies an optional time (NTP - Network Time Protocol) server or modifies the system time if you’re not using a server.a. Time Zone: Select your time zone from the choices available in the pull-down list.b. Use Network Time Protocol: Check this box if you want to use an NTP server to synchronize the Array’s clock. This ensures that Syslog time-stamping is maintained across all units. Without an NTP server assigned (no universal clock), each Array will use its own internal clock and stamp times accordingly, which may result in discrepancies. If you check Yes, the NTP server fields are displayed. If you don’t want to use an NTP server, leave this box unchecked (default) and set the system time on the Array manually. c. NTP Primary Server: If you are using NTP, enter the IP address or domain name of the NTP server.d. NTP Secondary Server: Enter the IP address or domain name of an optional secondary NTP server to be used in case the Array is unable to contact the primary server.e. Set Time (hrs:min:sec): If you are not using NTP, check this box if you want to adjust the current system time. When the box is checked, the time fields become active. Enter the revised time (hours, minutes, seconds, am/pm) in the corresponding fields. If you don’t want to adjust the current time, this box should be left unchecked (default).f. Set Date (month/day/year): If you are not using NTP, check this box if you want to adjust the current system date. When the box is checked, the date fields become active. Enter the revised date (month, day and year) in the corresponding fields. If you don’t want to adjust the current date, this box should be left unchecked (default).g. Auto Adjust Daylight Savings: If you are not using NTP, check this box if you want the system to adjust for daylight savings automatically, otherwise leave this box unchecked (default).

Wi-Fi ArrayInstalling the Wi-Fi Array 11111. IAP Settings:Enable/Configure All IAPs: Click on the Execute button to enable and auto configure all IAPs (a message displays the countdown time — in seconds — to complete the auto-configuration task). When an IAP is enabled, its LED is switched on. (Figure 40, see also “Array LED Operating Sequences” on page 101.)Figure 40. LEDs are Switched On12. Click on the Apply button to apply the new settings to this session13. Click on the Save button to save your changes (otherwise your new settings will not take effect).This ends the Express Setup procedure.See AlsoEstablishing Communication with the ArrayInstallation PrerequisitesInstallation WorkflowLogging InMultiple SSIDsSecurityLED on

Wi-Fi Array112 Installing the Wi-Fi Array

Wi-Fi ArrayThe Web Management Interface 113The Web Management InterfaceThis topic provides an overview of the Xirrus Wi-Fi Array’s embedded Web Management Interface (WMI), used for establishing your network’s configuration settings and wireless operating parameters. It also includes login instructions. The following topics are discussed: An Overview Structure of the WMI User InterfaceLogging InApplying Configuration Changes

Wi-Fi Array114 The Web Management InterfaceAn OverviewThe WMI is an easy-to-use graphical interface to your Wi-Fi Array. It allows you to configure the product to suit your individual requirements and ensure that the unit functions efficiently and effectively.Figure 41. Web Management Interface

Wi-Fi ArrayThe Web Management Interface 115Structure of the WMI The content of the WMI is organized by function and hierarchy, shown in the following table. Click on any item below to jump to the referenced destination.Status WindowsArray Status WindowsArray SummaryArray InformationArray ConfigurationAdmin HistoryNetwork Status WindowsNetwork MapSpanning Tree StatusRouting TableARP TableDHCP LeasesConnection Tracking/NATCDP NeighborsNetwork AssuranceRF Monitor WindowsIAPsSpectrum AnalyzerIntrusion DetectionStation Status WindowsStationsLocation MapRSSISignal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR)Noise FloorMax by IAPStatistics WindowsIAP Statistics SummaryPer-IAP StatisticsNetwork StatisticsVLAN StatisticsWDS StatisticsFilter StatisticsStation StatisticsPer-Station StatisticsSystem Log Window

Wi-Fi Array116 The Web Management InterfaceConfiguration WindowsExpress SetupNetworkNetwork InterfacesDNS SettingsCDP SettingsServicesTime Settings (NTP)NetFlowWi-Fi TagSystem LogSNMPDHCP ServerVLANsVLAN ManagementSecurityAdmin ManagementAdmin PrivilegesAdmin RADIUSManagement ControlAccess Control ListGlobal SettingsExternal RadiusInternal RadiusRogue Control ListSSIDsSSID ManagementActive IAPsGroupsGroup ManagementConfiguration Windows (cont’d)IAPsIAP SettingsGlobal Settings (IAP)Global Settings .11aGlobal Settings .11bgGlobal Settings .11nAdvanced RF SettingsLED SettingsWDSWDS Client LinksFiltersFilter ListsFilter ManagementClustersCluster DefinitionCluster ManagementCluster OperationTool WindowsSystem ToolsCLIOptionsLogout

Wi-Fi ArrayThe Web Management Interface 117User Interface The WMI has been designed with simplicity in mind, making navigation quick and easy. In the following example, you’ll see that windows are divided into left and right frames. Figure 42. WMI: Frames Left frame Right frame Array infoClick to configure/view statisticsLog Message countersPull-down menuHelp

Wi-Fi Array118 The Web Management InterfaceThe left frame contains three main elements:Configuration menu organized by function (for example, radio interfaces, security, etc.). Click the heading to display a summary of its current configuration, as well as an associated pull-down menu. Three Log Messages counters are located at the bottom of the menu. They provide a running total of messages generated by the ArrayOS Syslog subsystem during your session — organized into Critical, Warning, and General messages. Click on a counter to display the associated Syslog messages. Messages at the selected level or higher will be shown. For more information, please see “System Log Window” on page 168. The Array representation contains shortcut links. Click a radio to view statistics for it. Click the center of the Array to display the IAP Settings window, which allows you to configure the Array’s radios. The right frame displays the status information or configuration parameters for the Wi-Fi Array. This is where you review the Array’s current status and activity or input data (if you want to make changes). The green Array information bar at the top of the frame describes the Array — the Name and IP address allow you to quickly confirm that WMI is connected to the correct Array. The current Uptime since the last reboot is also shown.Note that WMI provides options which allow you to change its appearance and behavior. You may change:Style — changes the colors and appearance of WMI (i.e., its “skin”).Refresh Interval — the refresh time when automatic refresh is selected.Close menu section when deselected — changes the behavior of the menu in the left frame.Clear screen when loading new page.See “Options” on page 337 for more information.Some settings are only available if the Array’s license includes appropriate Xirrus Advanced Feature Sets. If a setting is unavailable (grayed out), then your license does not support the feature. See “About Licensing and Upgrades” on page 325.

Wi-Fi ArrayThe Web Management Interface 119Utility ButtonsAt the bottom of each window you will find a set of useful buttons — a Feedbackbutton, a Print button and a Help button. Figure 43. WMI: Utility ButtonsClick on the Feedback button to generate a Web page that allows you to submit your comments to Xirrus, Inc. You can also access the feedback page at http://www.xirrus.com/public/feedback/. Refer to Figure 44 on page 120 to see a sample of the feedback form.Click on the Print button to send a print file of the active window to your local printer.Click on the Help button to access the Array’s online help system.Submitting Your CommentsWhen submitting comments via the Feedback button (Figure 44 , ensure that you provide as much detail as possible, including your contact information, the product model number that the comment relates to, and the ArrayOS software version (if known). When finished, click on the Submit button to submit your comment.Print buttonHelp buttonFeedback button

Wi-Fi Array120 The Web Management InterfaceFigure 44. Feedback Form

$Wi-Fi ArrayThe Web Management Interface 121Logging InUse this procedure to log in to the WMI via your Web browser. 1. Establish a network connection and open your Web browser.2. Connect to the Wi-Fi Array via its default IP address (10.0.2.1 for both Gigabit 1 and Gigabit 2 Ethernet ports) or via a DHCP assigned IP address.3. To log in to the Array’s Web Management Interface, enter admin when prompted for a user name and password.Figure 45. Logging In to the Wi-Fi ArrayApplying Configuration ChangesWhen you have defined all your settings in any WMI configuration window, you must click on the Apply button for the changes to take effect in the current session, or click on the Save button to apply changes to this session and write your changes, so they will be preserved after a reboot. Character RestrictionsWhen inputting strings in the WMI (for example, assigning SSIDs, host name, password, etc.), use common alphanumeric characters. Some of the fields in the WMI will not accept special characters, so use of the following characters should typically be avoided: &<>' “/ \$

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