Cambium Networks XN8 Wireless LAN Array User Manual XN PDF
Xirrus, Inc. Wireless LAN Array XN PDF
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Users Manual 4of5
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| Document Description | Users Manual 4of5 |
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| Date Submitted | 2008-06-27 00:00:00 |
| Date Available | 2008-06-27 00:00:00 |
| Creation Date | 2008-06-18 10:54:01 |
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Wi-Fi Array • Pre-Shared Key—users must manually enter a key (passphrase) on the client side of the wireless network that matches the key stored by the administrator in the Array. This method should be used only for smaller networks when a RADIUS server is unavailable. If PSK must be used, choose a strong passphrase containing between 8 and 63 characters (20 is preferred). Always use a combination of letters, numbers and special characters. Never use English words separated by spaces. • RADIUS 802.1x with EAP—802.1x uses a RADIUS server to authenticate large numbers of clients, and can handle different EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) authentication methods, including EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS, EAP-PEAP, and LEAPPassthrough. The RADIUS server can be internal (provided by the Wi-Fi Array) or external. An external RADIUS server offers more functionality and security, and is recommended for large deployments. When using this method, user names and passwords must be entered into the RADIUS server for user authentication. • MAC Address ACLs (Access Control Lists)—MAC address ACLs provide a list of client adapter MAC addresses that are allowed or denied access to the wireless network. Access Control Lists work well when there are a limited number of users—in this case, enter the MAC address of each user in the Allow list. In the event of a lost or stolen MAC adapter, enter the affected MAC address in the Deny list. The Wi-Fi Array will accept up to 1,000 ACL entries. Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 167 Wi-Fi Array Admin Management This window allows you to manage network administrator accounts (create, modify and delete). It also allows you to limit account access to a read only status. When finished, click on the Save button to save your changes. Figure 106. Admin Management Procedure for Creating or Modifying Network Administrator Accounts 168 1. Admin ID: Enter the login name for a new network administrator ID. 2. Read/Write: Choose Read/Write if you want to give this administrator ID full read/write privileges, or choose Read to restrict this user to read only status. In the read only mode, administrators cannot save changes to configurations. 3. User Password: Enter a password for this ID. 4. Verify Password: Re-enter the password in this field to verify that you typed the password correctly. If you do not re-enter the correct password, an error message is displayed). 5. Click on the Create button to add this administrator ID to the list. 6. Click Apply to apply modified settings to this session, or click Save to apply your changes and make them permanent. Configuring the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array See Also External Radius Global Settings (IAP) Internal Radius Management Control Security Management Control This window allows the Array management interfaces to be enabled and disabled and their inactivity time-outs set. The supported range is 300 (default) to 100,000 seconds. Figure 107. Management Control Procedure for Configuring Management Control 1. SSH: a. Enable Management: Choose Yes to enable management of the Array over a Secure Shell (SSH) connection, or No to disable this feature. Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 169 Wi-Fi Array b. Connection Timeout 30-100000 (Seconds): Enter a value in this field to define the timeout (in seconds) before your SSH connection is disconnected. The value you enter here must be between 30 seconds and 100,000 seconds. c. 2. Port: Enter a value in this field to define the port used by SSH. The default port is 22. Telnet: a. Enable Management: Choose Yes to enable Array management over a Telnet connection, or No to disable this feature. SSH offers a more secure connection than Telnet, and is recommended over Telnet. b. Connection Timeout 30-100000 (Seconds): Enter a value in this field to define the timeout (in seconds) before your Telnet connection is disconnected. The value you enter here must be between 30 seconds and 100,000 seconds. c. 3. Port: Enter a value in this field to define the port used by Telnet. The default port is 23. Serial a. Enable Management: Choose Yes to enable management of the Array via a serial connection, or choose No to disable this feature. b. Connection Timeout 30-100000 (Seconds): Enter a value in this field to define the timeout (in seconds) before your serial connection is disconnected. The value you enter here must be between 30 seconds and 100,000 seconds. 4. HTTPS a. 170 Connection Timeout 30-100000 (Seconds): Enter a value in this field to define the timeout (in seconds) before your HTTPS connection is disconnected. The value you enter here must be between 30 seconds and 100,000 seconds. Management via HTTPS (i.e., the Web Management Interface) cannot be disabled on this window. To disable management over HTTPS, you must use the Command Line Interface. Configuring the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array b. Port: Enter a value in this field to define the port used by SSH. The default port is 443. c. HTTPS (X.509) Certificate: This read-only field displays the current X.509 certificate in use. d. Upload Custom Certificate: If you wish to use a custom certificate, use the Browse button to locate the certificate file, then click Upload to copy it to the Array. The Array’s web server will be restarted and will pick up the new certificate. This will terminate any current web sessions, and the you will need to re-connect and re-login to the Array. 5. Click on the Apply button to apply the new settings to this session, or click Save to apply your changes and make them permanent. See Also Network Interfaces - to enable/disable management over an Ethernet interface Global Settings (IAP) - to enable/disable management over IAPs Admin Management External Radius Global Settings (IAP) Internal Radius Access Control List Security Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 171 Wi-Fi Array Access Control List This window allows you to create new station access lists, delete existing lists, and add/remove MAC addresses. When finished, click on the Save button to save your changes. Figure 108. Access Control List Procedure for Configuring Access Control Lists 1. Access Control List Type: Select Disabled to disable the Access Control List, or select the Access Control List type—either Allow List or Deny List. Then click Apply to apply your changes. • Allow List: Only allows these MAC addresses to associate to the Array. • Deny List: Allows all MAC addresses except the addresses defined in this list. 2. 172 In addition to these lists, other authentication methods (for example, RADIUS) are still enforced for users. MAC Address: If you want to add a MAC address to the ACL, enter the new MAC address here, then click on the Create button. The MAC address is added to the ACL. Configuring the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array 3. Delete: You can delete selected MAC addresses from this list by checking their Delete buttons, then clicking Apply or Save. 4. Click on the Apply button to apply the new settings to this session, or click Save to apply your changes and make them permanent. See Also External Radius Global Settings (IAP) Internal Radius Management Control Security Station Status Windows (list of stations that have been detected by the Array) Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 173 Wi-Fi Array Global Settings This window allows you to establish the security parameters for your wireless network, including WEP, WPA, WPA2 and RADIUS authentication. When finished, click on the Apply button to apply the new settings to this session, or click Save to apply your changes and make them permanent. For additional information about wireless network security, refer to “Security Planning” on page 42 and “Understanding Security” on page 165. Figure 109. Global Settings (Security) 174 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array Procedure for Configuring Network Security 1. RADIUS Server Mode: Choose the RADIUS server mode you want to use, either Internal or External. WPA Settings These settings are used if the WPA or WPA2 encryption type is selected on the SSIDs >SSID Management window or the Express Setup window (on this window, encryption type is set in the SSID Settings: Wireless Security field). 2. TKIP Enabled: Choose Yes to enable TKIP (Temporal Key Integrity Protocol), or choose No to disable TKIP. 3. AES Enabled: Choose Yes to enable AES (Advanced Encryption Standard), or choose No to disable AES. If both AES and TKIP are enabled, the station determines which will be used. 4. WPA Group Rekey Time (seconds): Enter a value to specify the group rekey time (in seconds). The default is Never. 5. PSK Authentication: Choose Yes to enable PSK (Pre-Shared Key) authentication, or choose No to disable PSK. 6. WPA Preshared Key / Verify Key: If you enabled PSK, enter a passphrase here, then re-enter the passphrase to verify that you typed it correctly. 7. EAP Authentication: Choose Yes to enable EAP Authentication Protocol) or choose No to disable EAP. (Extensible WEP Settings These settings are used if the WEP encryption type is selected on the SSIDs >SSID Management window or the Express Setup window (on this window, encryption type is set in the SSID Settings: Wireless Security field). 8. Encryption Key 1 / Verify Key 1: Enter an encryption key of the length and type selected (to the right of the key fields): either 10 hex/5 ASCII characters for 40 bits or 26 hex/13 ASCII characters for 128 bits), then reenter the key to verify that you typed it correctly—hexadecimal characters are defined as ABCDEF and 0-9. Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 175 Wi-Fi Array Key Mode / Length: If you enabled WEP, choose the mode (either ASCII or Hex) and the desired key length (either 40 or 128) from the pull-down lists. You must also provide the encryption key(s). 9. Encryption Key 2 to 4/ Verify Key 2 to 4 (optional): If desired, enter up to four encryption keys, in the same way that you entered the first key. 10. Default Key: Choose which key you want to assign as the default key. Make your selection from the pull-down list. 11. Click on the Apply button to apply the new settings to this session, or click Save to apply your changes and make them permanent. After configuring network security, the configuration must be applied to an SSID for the new functionality to take effect. See Also Admin Management External Radius Internal Radius Access Control List Management Control Security Security Planning SSID Management 176 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array External Radius This window allows you to define the parameters of an external RADIUS server for user authentication. To set up an external RADIUS server, you must choose External as the RADIUS server mode in Global Settings. Refer to “Global Settings” on page 174. Figure 110. External RADIUS Server If you want to include user group membership in the RADIUS account information for users, see “Understanding Groups” on page 196. User groups allow you to easily apply a uniform configuration to a user on the Array. Procedure for Configuring an External RADIUS Server 1. Primary Server: This is the external RADIUS server that you intend to use as your primary server. a. Address: Enter the IP address of this external RADIUS server. Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 177 Wi-Fi Array b. Port Number: Enter the port number of this external RADIUS server. The default is 1812. c. Shared Secret / Verify Secret: Enter the shared secret that this external RADIUS server will be using, then re-enter the shared secret to verify that you typed it correctly. 2. The shared secret that you define must match the secret used by the external RADIUS server. Secondary Server (optional): If desired, enter an alternative external RADIUS server. If the primary RADIUS server becomes off-line, the Array will “failover” to the secondary RADIUS server (defined here). a. Address: Enter the IP address of this external RADIUS server. b. Port Number: Enter the port number of this external RADIUS server. The default is 1812. c. 3. Shared Secret / Verify Secret: Enter the shared secret that this external RADIUS server will be using, then re-enter the shared secret to verify that you typed it correctly. Settings: Define the session timeout, the NAS Identifier, and whether accounting will be used. a. Timeout (seconds): Define the maximum idle time (in seconds) before the external RADIUS server’s session times out. The default is 600 seconds. b. NAS Identifier: From the point of view of a RADIUS server, the Array is a client, also called a network access server (NAS). Enter the NAS Identifier (IP address) that the RADIUS servers expect the Array to use—this is normally the IP address of the Array’s Gigabit1 port. c. 178 Accounting: If you would like the Array to send RADIUS Start, Stop, and Interim records to a RADIUS accounting server, click the On button and click Apply. The account settings appear, and must be configured. Configuring the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array 4. Accounting Settings: a. Accounting Interval (seconds): Specify how often Interim records are to be sent to the server. The default is 300 seconds. b. Primary Server Address: Enter the IP address of the primary RADIUS accounting server that you intend to use. c. Primary Port Number: Enter the port number of the primary RADIUS accounting server. The default is 1813. d. Primary Shared Secret / Verify Secret: Enter the shared secret that the primary RADIUS accounting server will be using, then re-enter the shared secret to verify that you typed it correctly. 5. e. Secondary Server Address (optional): If desired, enter an IP address for an alternative RADIUS accounting server. If the primary server goes off-line, the Array will “failover” to this secondary server (defined here). f. Secondary Port Number: If using a secondary accounting server, enter its port number. The default is 1813. g. Secondary Shared Secret / Verify Secret: If using a secondary accounting server, enter the shared secret that it will be using, then reenter the shared secret to verify that you typed it correctly. Click on the Apply button to apply the new settings to this session, or click Save to apply your changes and make them permanent. See Also Admin Management Global Settings (IAP) Internal Radius Access Control List Management Control Security Understanding Groups Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 179 Wi-Fi Array Internal Radius This window allows you to define the parameters for the Array’s internal RADIUS server for user authentication. However, the internal RADIUS server will only authenticate wireless clients that want to associate to the Array. This can be useful if an external RADIUS server is not available. To set up the internal RADIUS server, you must choose Internal as the RADIUS server mode in Global Settings. Refer to “Global Settings” on page 174. Figure 111. Internal RADIUS Server Procedure for Creating a New User 180 1. User Name: Enter the name of the user that you want to authenticate to the internal RADIUS server. 2. SSID Restriction: (Optional) If you want to restrict this user to associating to a particular SSID, choose an SSID from the pull-down list. 3. User Group: (Optional) If you want to make this user a member of a previously defined user group, choose a group from the pull-down list. This will apply all of the user group’s settings to the user. See “Understanding Groups” on page 196. 4. Password: (Optional) Enter a password for the user. Configuring the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array 5. Verify: (Optional) Retype the user password to verify that you typed it correctly. 6. Click on the Create button to add the new user to the list. Procedure for Managing Existing Users 1. SSID Restriction: (Optional) If you want to restrict a user to associating to a particular SSID, choose an SSID from its pull-down list. 2. User Group: (Optional) If you want to change the user’s group, choose a group from the pull-down list. This will apply all of the user group’s settings to the user. See “Understanding Groups” on page 196. 3. Password: (Optional) Enter a new password for the selected user. 4. Verify Password: (Optional) Retype the user password to verify that you typed it correctly. 5. If you want to delete one or more users, check their Delete check boxes, then click Apply or Save. 6. Click on the Apply button to apply the new settings to this session, or click Save to apply your changes and make them permanent. See Also Admin Management External Radius Global Settings (IAP) Access Control List Management Control Security Understanding Groups Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 181 Wi-Fi Array Rogue Control List This window allows you to set up a control list for rogue APs, based on a type that you define. You may classify rogue APs as blocked., so that the Array will take steps to prevent stations from associating with the blocked AP. See “About Blocking Rogue APs” on page 222. When finished, click on the Save button to save your changes. The RF Monitor > Intrusion Detection window provides an alternate method for classifying rogues. You can list all Unknown stations and select all the rogues that you’d like to set to Known or Approved, rather than entering the SSID/BSSID as described below. See “Intrusion Detection” on page 109. Figure 112. Rogue Control List Procedure for Establishing Rogue AP Control 182 1. Rogue BSSID/SSID: Enter the BSSID or SSID for the new rogue AP. 2. Rogue Control Type: Define a type for the new rogue AP, either Blocked, Known or Approved. 3. Click Create to add this rogue AP to the Rogue Control List. Configuring the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array 4. Rogue Control List: If you want to edit the control type for a rogue AP, just click the radio button for the new type for the entry: Blocked, Known or Approved, then click Apply or Save to apply your change. 5. To delete rogue APs from the list, click their Delete checkboxes, then click Apply or Save. 6. Click Apply to apply the new settings to this session, or click Save to apply your changes and make them permanent. See Also Network Map Intrusion Detection SSIDs SSID Management Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 183 Wi-Fi Array SSIDs This is a status only window that allows you to review SSID (Service Set IDentifier) assignments. It includes the SSID name, whether or not an SSID is visible on the network, any security and QoS parameters defined for each SSID, associated VLAN IDs, radio availability, and DHCP pools defined per SSID. You may click on an SSID’s name to jump to the edit page for the SSID. There are no configuration options available on this page, but if you are experiencing problems or reviewing SSID management parameters, you may want to print this page for your records. For information to help you understand SSIDs and how multiple SSIDs are managed by the Wi-Fi Array, go to “Understanding SSIDs” on page 185 and the Multiple SSIDs section of “Frequently Asked Questions” on page 334. For a description of how QoS operates on the Array, see “Understanding QoS Priority on the Wi-Fi Array” on page 186. Figure 113. SSIDs The read-only Limits section of the SSIDs window allows you to review any limitations associated with your defined SSIDs. For example, this window shows the current state of an SSID (enabled or not), how much SSID and station traffic is allowed, time on and time off, days on and off, and whether each SSID is currently active or inactive. 184 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array Understanding SSIDs The SSID (Service Set Identifier) is a unique identifier that wireless networking devices use to establish and maintain wireless connectivity. Multiple access points on a network or sub-network can use the same SSIDs. SSIDs are case-sensitive and can contain up to 32 alphanumeric characters (do not include spaces when defining SSIDs). Multiple SSIDs A BSSID (Basic SSID) refers to an individual access point radio and its associated clients. The identifier is the MAC address of the access point radio that forms the BSS. A group of BSSs can be formed to allow stations in one BSS to communicate to stations in another BSS via a backbone that interconnects each access point. The Extended Service Set (ESS) refers to the group of BSSIDs that are grouped together to form one ESS. The ESSID (often referred to as SSID or “wireless network name”) identifies the Extended Service Set. Clients must associate to a single ESS at any given time. Clients ignore traffic from other Extended Service Sets that do not have the same SSID. Legacy access points typically support one SSID per access point. Wi-Fi Arrays support the ability to define and use multiple SSIDs simultaneously. Using SSIDs The creation of different wireless network names allows system administrators to separate types of users with different requirements. The following policies can be tied to an SSID: The wireless security mode needed to join this SSID. The wireless Quality of Service (QoS) desired for this SSID. The wired VLAN associated with this SSID. As an example, one SSID named accounting might require the highest level of security, while another SSID named guests might have low security requirements. Another example may define an SSID named voice that supports voice over Wireless LAN phones with the highest Quality of Service (QoS) definition. This SSID might also forward traffic to specific VLANs on the wired network. Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 185 Wi-Fi Array See Also SSID Management SSIDs Understanding SSIDs Understanding QoS Priority on the Wi-Fi Array The Wi-Fi Array’s Quality of Service Priority feature (QoS) allows traffic to be prioritized according to your requirements. For example, you typically assign the highest priority to voice traffic, since this type of traffic requires delay to be under 10 ms. The Array has four separate queues for handling traffic at different priorities, and thus it supports four traffic classes. Application Data Voice Data Video Data Best Effort Data Background Data Mapping to Traffic Class Four Transmit Queues Per queue channel access IAP (Transmit) Figure 114. Four Traffic Classes IEEE802.1p defines eight priority levels for wired networks. Each data packet may be tagged with a priority level, i.e., a user priority tag. Since there are eight possible user priority levels and the Array implements four traffic classes, user priorities are mapped to traffic classes as shown in the table below. This table follows the mapping recommended by IEEE802.1D, and its Annex G explains in detail why this mapping was chosen. 186 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array User Priority Array Traffic Class 0 (Default) Best Effort - For the default priority, we don’t necessarily know anything about the type of traffic. Thus, it is treated as best effort traffic. 0 (Lowest priority) Background - Explicitly designated as lowpriority and non-delay sensitive, it is given the lowest traffic class. Spare Excellent Effort Controlled Load Video Voice 7 (Highest priority) 3 (Highest priority) Typical Use Network control End-to-End QoS Handling Wired QoS - Ethernet Port: Egress: Packets are IEEE802.1p tagged at the Ethernet port for upstream traffic, thus enabling QoS at the edge of the network. Ingress: Incoming packets are assigned QoS priority based on their SSID and 802.1p tag (if any). Wireless QoS - Radios: Each SSID can be assigned a separate QoS priority (i.e., traffic class) from 0 to 3, where 3 is highest priority and 0 is the default. See “SSID Management” on page 189. If multiple SSIDs are used, packets from the SSID with higher priority are transmitted first. Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 187 Wi-Fi Array The Array supports IEEE802.11e Wireless QoS for downstream traffic. Higher priority packets wait a shorter time before gaining access to the air and contend less with all other 802.11 devices on a channel. Packet Filtering: QoS classification Filter rules can be used to redefine the QoS priority level to override defaults. See “Filter Management” on page 235. This allows the QoS priority level to be assigned based on protocol, source, or destination. Voice Support: The QoS priority implementation on the Array supports voice applications, as certified by Spectralink’s Voice Interoperability for Enterprise Wireless (VIEW) Certification Program. In particular, Spectralink voice packets are automatically classified and prioritized. SSID Management This window allows you to manage SSIDs (create, edit and delete), assign security parameters and VLANs on a per SSID basis, and configure the Web Page Redirect functionality. When finished, click on the Save button to save your changes. Create new SSID Configure parameters Set traffic limits / usage schedule Configure WPR Figure 115. SSID Management 188 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array Procedure for Managing SSIDs 1. New SSID Name: To create a new SSID, enter a new SSID name to the left of the Create button (Figure 115), then click Create. You may create up to 16 SSIDs. SSID List (top of page) 2. SSID: Shows all currently assigned SSIDs. When you create a new SSID, the SSID name appears in this table. Click any SSID in this list to select it. 3. On: Check this box to activate this SSID or clear it to deactivate it. 4. Brdcast: Check this box to make the selected SSID visible to all clients on the network. Although the Wi-Fi Array will not broadcast SSIDs that are hidden, clients can still associate to a hidden SSID if they know the SSID name to connect to it. Clear this box if you do not want this SSID to be visible on the network. 5. Band: Choose which wireless band the SSID will be beaconed on. Select either 5 GHz (802.11a/n), 2.4 GHz (802.11b/g/n) or Both. 6. VLAN ID / Number: From the pull-down list, select a VLAN that you want this traffic to be forwarded to on the wired network. Select numeric to enter the number of a previously defined VLAN in the Number field (see “VLANs” on page 161). This step is optional. 7. QoS: (Optional) Select a value in this field for QoS (Quality of Service) priority filtering. The QoS value must be one of the following: • 0—The lowest QoS priority setting, where QoS makes its best effort at filtering and prioritizing data, video and voice traffic without compromising the performance of the network. Use this setting in environments where traffic prioritization is not a concern. • 1—Medium, with QoS prioritization aggregated across all traffic types. • 2—High, normally used to give priority to video traffic. • 3—The highest QoS priority setting, normally used to give priority to voice traffic. Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 189 Wi-Fi Array The QoS setting you define here will prioritize wireless traffic for this SSID over other SSID traffic, as described in “Understanding QoS Priority on the Wi-Fi Array” on page 186. The default value for this field is 2. 8. DHCP Pool: If you want to associate an internal DHCP pool to this SSID, choose the pool from the pull--down list. An internal DHCP pool must be created before it can be assigned. To create an internal DHCP pool, go to “DHCP Server” on page 158. 9. Filter List: If you wish to apply a set a filters to this SSID’s traffic, select the desired Filter List. See “Filters” on page 233. 10. Authentication: The following authentication options are available: • Open: This option provides no authentication and is not recommended. • RADIUS MAC: Authenticates stations onto the Wi-Fi network via an external RADIUS server based on the user’s MAC address. • 802.1x: Authenticates stations onto the Wi-Fi network via a RADIUS server using 802.1x with EAP. The RADIUS server can be internal (provided by the Wi-Fi Array) or external. 11. Encryption: From the pull-down list, choose the encryption that will be required—specific to this SSID—either None, WEP, WPA, WPA2 or WPABoth. The None option provides no security and is not recommended; WPA2 provides the best practice Wi-Fi security. Each SSID supports only one encryption type at a time (except that WPA and WPA2 are both supported on an SSID if you select WPA-Both). If you need to support other encryption types, you must define additional SSIDs. The encryption standard used with WPA or WPA2 is selected in the Security>Global Settings window (page 174). For an overview of the security options, see “Security Planning” on page 42 and “Understanding Security” on page 165. 12. Global: Check the checkbox if you want this SSID to use the security settings established at the global level (refer to “Global Settings” on page 174). Clear the checkbox if you want the settings established here to 190 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array take precedence. Additional sections will be displayed to allow you to configure encryption settings, and RADIUS and RADIUS accounting settings. The encryption settings are described in “Procedure for Configuring Network Security” on page 175. The external RADIUS and accounting settings are configured in the same way as for an external RADIUS server (see “Procedure for Configuring an External RADIUS Server” on page 177). Note that external RADIUS servers must be specified using IP addresses rather than domain names. 13. L3: For this SSID, Check the checkbox to enable fast roaming between IAPs or Arrays at Layer 2 and Layer 3, or clear the checkbox to allow roaming at Layer 2 only. You may only select fast roaming at Layers 2 and 3 if this has been selected in Global Settings (IAP). See “Understanding Fast Roaming” on page 203. 14. WPR (Web Page Redirect): Check the checkbox to enable the Web Page Redirect functionality, or clear it to disable this option. If enabled, WPR configuration fields will be displayed under the SSID Limits section. This feature may be used to provide an alternate mode of authentication, or to simply display a splash screen when a user first associates to the wireless network. After that, it can (optionally) redirect the user to an alternate URL. For example, some wireless devices and users may not have a correctly configured 802.1x (RADIUS) supplicant. Utilizing WPR’s Webbased login, users may be authenticated without using an 802.1x supplicant. See “Web Page Redirect Configuration Settings” on page 193 for details of WPR usage and configuration. SSID Limits See “Group Limits” on page 200 for a discussion of the interaction of SSID limits and group limits. To eliminate confusion, we recommend that you configure one set of limits or the other, but not both. 15. Stations: Enter the maximum number of stations allowed on this SSID. The default is 1024. This step is optional. Note that the IAPs - Global Settings window also has a station limit option—Max Station Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 191 Wi-Fi Array Association per IAP. If both station limits are set, both will be enforced. As soon as either limit is reached, no new stations can associate until some other station has terminated its association. 16. Overall Traffic: Choose Unlimited if you do not want to place a restriction on the traffic for this SSID, or enter a value in the Packets/Sec field to force a traffic restriction. 17. Traffic per Station: Choose Unlimited if you do not want to place a restriction on the traffic per station for this SSID, or enter a value in the Packets/Sec field to force a traffic restriction. 18. Days Active: Choose Everyday if you want this SSID to be active every day of the week, or select only the specific days that you want this SSID to be active. Days that are not checked are considered to be the inactive days. 19. Time Active: Choose Always if you want this SSID active without interruption, or enter values in the Time On and Time Off fields to limit the time that this SSID is active. 20. To delete SSIDs, click their Delete checkboxes, then click Apply or Save. 21. Click Apply to apply the changes to the selected SSID, or click Save to apply your changes and make them permanent. See Also DHCP Server External Radius Global Settings (IAP) Internal Radius Security Planning SSIDs Understanding QoS Priority on the Wi-Fi Array 192 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array Web Page Redirect Configuration Settings If you enable WPR, the SSID Management window displays additional fields that must be configured. For example configurations and complete examples, please check the Xirrus Customer Support web site: http://support.xirrus.com/. If enabled, WPR displays a splash or login page when a user associates to the wireless network and opens a browser to any URL (provided the URL does not point to a resource directly on the user’s machine). The user-requested URL is captured, the user’s browser is redirected to the splash or login page, and then the browser is redirected either to your specified landing page, if any, or else back to the captured URL. Figure 116. WPR Internal Splash Page Fields (SSID Management) You may select among three different modes for use of the Web Page Redirect feature, each displaying a different set of parameters that must be entered: Internal Splash page This option displays a splash page instead of the first user-requested URL. The splash page files reside on the Array. Note that there is an upload function that allows you to replace the default splash page, if you wish. Please see “Web Page Redirect:” on page 244 for more information. To set up use of a splash page, set Server to Internal Splash. Enter a value in the Timeout field to define how many seconds the splash screen is displayed before timing out, or select Never to prevent the page from timing out automatically. After the splash page, the user is redirected to the captured URL. If you want the user redirected to a specific landing page instead, enter its address in Landing Page URL. Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 193 Wi-Fi Array Internal Login page This option displays a login page (residing on the Array) instead of the first user-requested URL. Note that there is an upload function that allows you to replace the default login page, if you wish. Please see “Web Page Redirect:” on page 244 for more information. To set up internal login, set Server to Internal Login. The user name and password are obtained by the login page, and authentication occurs according to your configured authentication information (starting with Step 10 above). These parameters are configured as described in “Procedure for Configuring Network Security” on page 175. After authentication, the browser is redirected back to the captured URL. If you want the user redirected to a specific landing page instead, enter its address in Landing Page URL. Both the Internal Login and External Login options of WPR perform authentication using your configured RADIUS servers. External Login page This option redirects the user to a login page on an external web server for authentication, instead of the first user-requested URL. Login information (user name and password) must be obtained by that page, and returned to the Array for authentication. Authentication occurs according to your configured RADIUS information. These parameters are configured as described in “Procedure for Configuring Network Security” on page 175. After authentication, the browser is redirected back to the captured URL. If you want the user redirected to a specific landing page instead, enter its address in Landing Page URL. To set up external login page usage, set Server to External. Enter the URL of the external web server in Redirect URL, and enter that server’s shared secret in Redirect Password. 194 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array Groups This is a status only window that allows you to review user Group assignments. It includes the group name, Radius ID, VLAN IDs and QoS parameters and roaming layer defined for each group, and DHCP pools and web page redirect information defined for the group. You may click on a group’s name to jump to the edit page for the group. There are no configuration options available on this page, but if you are experiencing problems or reviewing group management parameters, you may want to print this page for your records. The Limits section of this window shows any limitations configured for your defined groups. For example, this window shows the current state of a group (enabled or disabled), how much group and per-station traffic is allowed, time on and time off, and days on and off. For information to help you understand groups, see Understanding Groups below. Figure 117. Groups Understanding Groups User groups allow administrators to assign specific network parameters to users through RADIUS privileges rather than having to map users to a specific SSID. Groups provide flexible control over user privileges without the need to create large numbers of SSIDs. Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 195 Wi-Fi Array A group allows you to define a set of parameter values to be applied to selected users. For example, you might define the user group Students, and set its VLAN, security parameters, web page redirect (WPR), and traffic limits. When a new user is created, you can apply all of these settings just by making the user a member of the group. The group allows you to apply a uniform configuration to a set of users in one step. Almost all of the parameters that can be set for a group are the same as SSID parameters. This allows you to configure features at the user group level, rather than for an entire SSID. If you set parameter values for an SSID, and then enter different values for the same parameters for a user group, the user group values have priority (i.e., group settings will override SSID settings). Group names are case-sensitive and can contain up to 32 alphanumeric characters (do not include spaces when defining Groups). Using Groups User accounts are used to authenticate wireless clients that want to associate to the Array. These accounts are established in one of two ways, using the Security> Internal Radius window or the Security> External Radius window. In either case, you may select a user group for the user, and that user group’s settings will apply to the user: Internal Radius—when you add or modify a user entry, select a user group to which the user will belong. External Radius—when you add or modify a user account, specify the Radius ID for the user group to which the user will belong. This must be the same Radius ID that was entered in the Group Management window. When the user is authenticated, the external Radius server will send the Radius ID to the Array. This will allow the Array to identify the group to which the user belongs. See Also External Radius Internal Radius SSIDs 196 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array Understanding QoS Priority on the Wi-Fi Array Web Page Redirect Configuration Settings Understanding Fast Roaming Group Management This window allows you to manage groups (create, edit and delete), assign usage limits and other parameters on a per group basis, and configure the Web Page Redirect functionality. When finished, click the Save button to save your changes. Figure 118. Group Management Procedure for Managing Groups 1. New Group Name: To create a new group, enter a new group name next to the Create button, then click Create. You may create up to 16 groups. To configure and enable this group, proceed with the following steps. 2. Group: This column lists currently defined groups. When you create a new group, the group name appears in this list. Click on any group to select it, and then proceed to modify it as desired. 3. On: Check this box to enable this group or leave it blank to disable it. When a group is disabled, users that are members of the group will behave as if the group did not exist. In other words, the options configured for the SSID will apply to the users, rather than the options configured for the group. Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 197 Wi-Fi Array 4. Radius ID: Enter a unique Radius ID for the group, to be used on an external Radius server. When adding a user account to the external server, this Radius ID value should be entered for the user. When the user is authenticated, Radius sends this value to the Array. This tells the Array that the user is a member of the group having this Radius ID. 5. VLAN ID: (Optional) From the pull-down list, select a VLAN for this user’s traffic to use. Select numeric and enter the number of a previously defined VLAN (see “VLANs” on page 161). This user group’s VLAN settings supersede Dynamic VLAN settings (which are passed to the Array by the Radius server). To avoid confusion, we recommend that you avoid specifying the VLAN for a user in two places. 6. QoS Priority: (Optional) Select a value in this field for QoS (Quality of Service) priority filtering. The QoS value must be one of the following: • 0—The lowest QoS priority setting, where QoS makes its best effort at filtering and prioritizing data, video and voice traffic without compromising the performance of the network. Use this setting in environments where traffic prioritization is not a concern. • 1—Medium; QoS prioritization is aggregated across all traffic types. • 2—High, normally used to give priority to video traffic. • 3—The highest QoS priority setting, normally used to give priority to voice traffic. The QoS setting you define here will prioritize wireless traffic for this group versus other traffic, as described in “Understanding QoS Priority on the Wi-Fi Array” on page 186. The default value for this field is 2. 198 7. Internal DHCP Pool Assigned: (Optional) To associate an internal DHCP pool to this group, select it from the pull--down list. Only one pool may be assigned. An internal DHCP pool must be created before it can be assigned. To create a DHCP pool, go to “DHCP Server” on page 158. 8. Filter List: (Optional) If you wish to apply a set a filters to this user group’s traffic, select the desired Filter List. See “Filters” on page 233. Configuring the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array 9. L3: (Optional) For this group, check this box to enable fast roaming between IAPs or Arrays at Layer 2 and Layer 3. If the box is not checked, then roaming uses Layer 2 only. You may only select fast roaming at Layers 2 and 3 if this has been selected in Global Settings (IAP). See “Understanding Fast Roaming” on page 203. 10. WPR (Web Page Redirect): (Optional) Check this box if you wish to enable the Web Page Redirect functionality. This will open a Web Page Redirect details section in the window, where your WPR parameters may be entered. This feature may be used to display a splash screen when a user first associates to the wireless network. After that, it can (optionally) redirect the user to an alternate URL. See “Web Page Redirect Configuration Settings” on page 193 for details of WPR usage and configuration. Note that the Group Management window only allows you to set up and Internal Splash page. The authentication options that are offered on the SSID Management page are not offered here. Since the group membership of a user is provided to the Array by a Radius server, this means the user has already been authenticated. Group Limits The Limits section allows you to limit the traffic or connection times allowed for this user group. Note that the IAPs—Global Settings window and the SSID management windows also have options to limit the number of stations, limit traffic, and/or limit connection times. If limits are set in more than one place, all limits will be enforced: As soon as any station limit is reached, no new stations can associate until some other station has terminated its association. As soon as any traffic limit is reached, it is enforced. If any connection date/time restriction applies, it is enforced. You can picture this as a logical AND of all restrictions. For example, suppose that a station’s SSID is available MTWTF between 8:00am and 5:00pm, and the User Group is available MWF between 6:00am and 8:00pm, then the station will be allowed on MWF between 8:00am and 5:00pm. Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 199 Wi-Fi Array To eliminate confusion, we recommend that you configure one set of limits or the other, but not both. 11. Stations: Enter the maximum number of stations allowed on this group. The default is 1024. 12. Overall Traffic: Check the Unlimited checkbox if you do not want to place a restriction on the traffic for this group, or enter a value in the Packets/Sec field and make sure that the Unlimited box is unchecked to force a traffic restriction. 13. Traffic per Station: Check the Unlimited checkbox if you do not want to place a restriction on the traffic per station for this group, or enter a value in the Packets/Sec field and make sure that the Unlimited box is unchecked to force a traffic restriction. 14. Days Active: Choose Everyday if you want this group to be active every day of the week, or select only the specific days that you want this group to be active. Days that are not checked are considered to be the inactive days. 15. Time Active: Choose Always if you want this group active without interruption, or enter values in the Time On and Time Off fields to limit the time that group members may associate. 16. Click on the Apply button to apply the changes to the selected group, or click Save to apply your changes and make them permanent. 17. To delete an entry, check its Delete checkbox, then click the Save button to permanently remove the entry. See Also DHCP Server External Radius Internal Radius Security Planning SSIDs 200 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array IAPs This status-only window summarizes the status of the Integrated Access Points (radios). For each IAP, it shows whether it is up or down, the channel and antenna that it is currently using, its cell size and transmit and receive power, how many users (stations) are currently associated to it, whether it is part of a WDS link, and its MAC address. Figure 119. IAPs There are no configuration options in this window, but if you are experiencing problems or simply reviewing the IAP assignments, you may print this window for your records. Click any IAP name to open the associated configuration page. Arrays have a fast roaming feature, allowing them to maintain sessions for applications such as voice, even while users cross boundaries between Arrays. Fast roaming is set up in the Global Settings (IAP) window and is discussed in: “Understanding Fast Roaming” on page 203 IAPs are configured using the following windows: “IAP Settings” on page 204 “Global Settings (IAP)” on page 209 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 201 Wi-Fi Array “Global Settings .11an” on page 214 “Global Settings .11bgn” on page 217 “Advanced RF Settings” on page 221 “LED Settings” on page 227 See Also IAP Statistics Summary Understanding Fast Roaming To maintain sessions for real-time data traffic, such as voice and video, users must be able to maintain the same IP address through the entire session. With traditional networks, if a user crosses VLAN or subnet boundaries (i.e., roaming between domains), a new IP address must be obtained. Mobile Wi-Fi users are likely to cross multiple roaming domains during a single session (especially wireless users of VoIP phones). Layer 3 roaming allows a user to maintain the same IP address through an entire real-time data session. The Layer 3 session is maintained by establishing a tunnel back to the originating Array. You should decide whether or not to use Layer 3 roaming based on your wired network design. Layer 3 roaming incurs extra overhead and may result in additional traffic delays. Fast Roaming is configured on two pages. To enable the fast roaming options that you want to make available on your Array, see Step 16 to Step 18 in “Global Settings (IAP)” on page 209. To choose which of the enabled options are used by an SSID or Group, see “Procedure for Managing SSIDs” on page 189 (Step 13) or “Procedure for Managing Groups” on page 198. 202 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array IAP Settings This window allows you to enable/disable IAPs, define the wireless mode for each IAP, specify the channel to be used and the cell size for each IAP, lock the channel selection, establish transmit/receive parameters, select antennas, and reset channels. Buttons at the bottom of the list allow you to Reset Channels, Enable All IAPs, or Disable All IAPs. When finished, click on the Apply button to apply the new settings to this session, or click Save to apply your changes and make them permanent. To see a diagram of the layout and naming of IAPs, go to Figure 6 on page 13. Figure 120. IAP Settings Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 203 Wi-Fi Array Procedure for Auto Configuring IAPs You can auto-configure channel and cell size of radios by clicking on the Auto Configure buttons on the relevant WMI page (auto configuration only applies to enabled radios): For all radios, go to “Advanced RF Settings” on page 221. For all 802.11an radios, go to “Global Settings .11an” on page 214. For all 802.11bgn radios, go to “Global Settings .11bgn” on page 217. Procedure for Manually Configuring IAPs 1. In the Enabled column, check the box for a corresponding IAP to enable the IAP, or uncheck the box if you want to disable the IAP. 2. In the Band column for 802.11a/b/g/n radios, select the wireless band for this IAP from the choices available in the pull-down menu, either 2.4GHz or 5 GHz. If the mode displayed is Auto, the mode has been set by the auto-channel feature based on the Channel selected. Note that IAP abg2 has an additional option—monitor mode. IAP abg2 should normally be set to monitor mode to enable Spectrum Analyzer and radio assurance (loopback testing) features. 3. 204 The XN16 allows up to 12 IAPs to operate as 5 GHz (802.11a/n) radios concurrently. Do not set Mode to 5 GHz for more than 12 IAPs. If you need additional 5 GHz radios, please contact Xirrus Customer Support. See “Contact Information” on page 349. In the Channel column, select the channel you want this IAP to use from the channels available in the pull-down list. The list shows the channels available for the IAP selected (depending on which band the IAP is using). Channels that are shown in color indicate conditions that you need to keep in mind: • RED—Usage is not recommended, for example, because of overlap with neighboring radios. • YELLOW—The channel has less than optimum separation (some degree of overlap with neighboring radios). Configuring the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array • GRAY—The channel is already in use. Select Auto to have the Array dynamically select a channel automatically, based on changes in the Wi-Fi environment. See “Allocating Channels” on page 36. After you click Apply, this window and the IAPs window will show the channel that was assigned, rather than Auto. The channels that are available for assignment to an IAP will differ, depending on the country of operation. If Country is set to United States in the Global Settings (IAP) window, then 24 channels are available to 802.11an radios. If you have enabled Public Safety in the Advanced RF Settings window (Step 18), then the public safety band channels (191 and 195) in the 4.9GHz spectrum range will be listed. Operating these channels requires a license—using these channels without a license violates FCC rules. Warning notices are displayed when you select these channels. As mandated by FCC law, Arrays continually scan for signatures of military radar. If such a signature is detected, the Array will switch operation from conflicting channels to new ones. Click the Lock check box if you want to lock in your channel selection so that the autochannel operation (see Advanced RF Settings) cannot change it. 4. In the Cell Size column, select Auto to allow the optimal cell size to be automatically computed (see “Fine Tuning Cell Sizes” on page 35). To set the cell size yourself, choose either Small, Medium, Large, or Max to use the desired pre-configured cell size, or choose Manual to define the wireless cell size manually. If you choose Manual, you must specify the transmit and receive power—in dB—in the Tx dBm (transmit) and Rx dBm (receive) fields. The default is Max. When other Arrays are within listening range of this one, setting cell sizes to Auto allows the Array to change cell sizes so that coverage between cells is maintained. Each cell size is optimized to limit interference between sectors of other Arrays on the same channel. This eliminates the Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 205 Wi-Fi Array need for a network administrator to manually tune the size of each cell when installing multiple Arrays. In the event that an Array or a radio goes offline, an adjacent Array can increase its cell size to help compensate. The number of users and their applications are major drivers of bandwidth requirements. The network architect must account for the number of users within the Array’s cell diameter. In a large office, or if multiple Arrays are in use, you may choose Small cells to achieve a higher data rate, since walls and other objects will not define the cells naturally. For additional information about cell sizes, go to “Coverage and Capacity Planning” on page 32. 206 5. In the Antenna Select column, choose the antenna you want this radio to use from the pull-down list. The list of available antennas will be different (or no choices will be available), depending on the wireless mode you selected for the IAP. 6. If desired, enter a description for this IAP in the Description field. 7. You may reset all of the enabled IAPs by clicking the Reset Channels button at the bottom of the list. A message will inform you that all enabled radios have been taken down and brought back up. 8. Buttons at the bottom of the list allow you to Enable All IAPs or Disable All IAPs. Configuring the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array 9. Click on the Apply button to apply the new settings to this session, or click Save to apply your changes and make them permanent. See Also Coverage and Capacity Planning Global Settings (IAP) Global Settings .11an Global Settings .11bgn IAPs IAP Statistics Summary LED Settings Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 207 Wi-Fi Array Global Settings (IAP) This window allows you to establish global IAP settings. Global IAP settings include enabling or disabling all IAPs (regardless of their operating mode), enabling or disabling the Beacon World Mode, specifying the short and long retry limits, and defining the beacon interval and DTIM period. Changes you make on this page are applied to all IAPs, without exception. Figure 121. Global Settings (IAPs) Procedure for Configuring Global IAP Settings 1. 208 Country: If no country is set, you may choose from the pull-down list. Once a country has been chosen, it may not be changed. You are responsible for choosing the correct country and conforming to the Configuring the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array regulatory laws for wireless transmissions within your country. Please contact Xirrus Customer Support if you need to change the operating country after a country has already been set (see “Contact Information” on page 349). The channels that are available for assignment to an IAP will differ, depending on the country of operation. If you set Country to United States, then 24 channels are available to 802.11an radios. Until you have chosen a country, the channel set defaults to channels and power levels that are legal worldwide—this set only includes the lower eight 5 GHz channels. 2. IAP Status: Click on the Enable All IAPs button to enable all IAPs for this Array, or click on the Disable All IAPs button to disable all IAPs. 3. Short Retry Limit: This attribute indicates the maximum number of transmission attempts for a frame, the length of which is less than or equal to the RTS Threshold, before a failure condition is indicated. The default value is 7. Enter a new value (1 to 128) in the Short Retry Limit field if you want to increase or decrease this attribute. 4. Long Retry Limit: This attribute indicates the maximum number of transmission attempts for a frame, the length of which is greater than the RTS Threshold, before a failure condition is indicated. The default value is 4. Enter a new value (1 to 128) in the Long Retry Limit field if you want to increase or decrease this attribute. Beacon Configuration 5. Beacon Interval: When the Array sends a beacon, it includes with it a beacon interval, which specifies the period of time before it will send the beacon again. Enter the desired value in the Beacon Interval field, between 20 and 1000. The value you enter here is applied to all IAPs. 6. DTIM Period: A DTIM (Delivery Traffic Indication Message) is a signal sent as part of a beacon by the Array to a client device in sleep mode, alerting the device to broadcast traffic awaiting delivery. The DTIM Period is a multiple of the Beacon Interval, and it determines how often Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 209 Wi-Fi Array DTIMs are sent out. By default, the DTIM period is 1, which means that it is the same as the beacon interval. Enter the desired multiple, between 1 and 255. The value you enter here is applied to all IAPs. 7. 802.11h Beacon Support: This option enables beacons on all of the Array’s radios to conform to 802.11h requirements, supporting dynamic frequency selection (DFS) and transmit power control (TPC) to satisfy regulatory requirements for operation in Europe. Station Management 8. Station Re-Authentication Period: This option allows you to specify a time (in seconds) for the duration of station reauthentications. 9. Station Timeout Period: Specify a time (in seconds) in this field to define the timeout period for station associations. 10. Max Station Association per IAP: This option allows you to define how many station associations are allowed per IAP (up to 64 stations per IAP). Note that the SSIDs —SSID Management window also has a station limit option— Station Limit (page 192). If both station limits are set, both will be enforced. As soon as either limit is reached, no new stations can associate until some other station has terminated its association. 11. Max Phones per IAP: This option allows you to control the maximum number of phones that are allowed per IAP. The default is set to a maximum of 16 but you can reduce this number, as desired. Enter a value in this field between 0 (no phones allowed) and 16. This admission control feature applies only to Spectralink phones. It does not apply to all VoIP phones in general. 12. Block Intra-Station Traffic: This option allows you to block or allow traffic between wireless clients that are associated to the Array. Choose either Yes (to block traffic) or No (to allow traffic). 13. Allow Over Air Management: Choose Yes to enable management of the Array via the IAPs, or choose No (recommended) to disable this feature. 210 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array Advanced Traffic Optimization 14. Broadcast Rates: This option changes the rates of broadcast traffic sent by the Array (including beacons). When set to Optimized, each IAP broadcasts at the lowest Array TX data rate currently in use by associated stations, thus improving system performance. For example, if ten stations are associated at 54Mbps and one station at 12Mbps, broadcasts will go out at 12Mbps. One out of eight beacons are sent out at the lowest basic rate (1 Mbps for 802.11bgn radios, 6Mbps for 802.11an radios). When set to Standard (the default), broadcasts are sent out at the lowest basic rate only. The option you select here is applied to all IAPs. 15. Load Balancing: This option enables or disables active load balancing between the Array IAPs. Choose On to enable load balancing, or choose Off to disable load balancing. 16. Fast Roaming Mode: This feature utilizes the Xirrus Roaming Protocol (XRP) ensuring fast and seamless roaming capabilities between IAPs or Arrays at Layer 2 and Layer 3 (as specified in Step 17), while maintaining security. Fast roaming eliminates long delays for re-authentication, thus supporting time-sensitive applications such as Voice over Wi-Fi (see “Understanding Fast Roaming” on page 203 for a discussion of this feature). XRP uses a discovery process to identify other Xirrus Arrays as fast roaming targets. This process has two modes: • Broadcast—the Array uses a broadcast technique to discover other Arrays that may be targets for fast roaming. • Tunneled—in this Layer 3 technique, fast roaming target Arrays must be explicitly specified. To enable fast roaming, choose Broadcast or Tunneled, and set additional fast roaming attributes (Step 18). To disable fast roaming, choose Off. If you enable Fast Roaming, the following ports cannot be blocked: • Port 22610—reserved for Layer 2 roaming using UDP to share PMK information between Arrays. • Ports 15000 to 17999—reserved for Layer 3 roaming (tunneling between subnets). Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 211 Wi-Fi Array 17. Fast Roaming Layer: Select whether to enable roaming capabilities between IAPs or Arrays at Layer 2 and 3, or at Layer 2 only. Depending on your wired network, you may wish to allow fast roaming at Layer 3. This may result in delayed traffic. 18. Share Roaming Info With: Three options allow your Array to share roaming information with all Arrays; just with those that are within range; or with specifically targeted Arrays. Choose either All, In Range or Target Only, respectively. a. Fast Roaming Targets: If you chose Target Only, use this option to add target MAC addresses. Enter the MAC address of each target Array, then click on Add (add as many targets as you like). To find a target’s MAC address, open the Array Info window on the target Array and look for IAP MAC Range, then use the starting address of this range. To delete a target, select it from the list, then click Delete. 19. Click on the Apply button to apply the new settings to this session, or click Save to apply your changes and make them permanent. See Also Coverage and Capacity Planning Global Settings .11an Global Settings .11bgn Advanced RF Settings IAPs IAP Statistics Summary LED Settings IAP Settings 212 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array Global Settings .11an This window allows you to establish global 802.11an IAP settings. These settings include defining which 802.11an data rates are supported, enabling or disabling all 802.11an IAPs, auto-configuration of channel allocations for all 802.11an IAPs, and specifying the fragmentation and RTS thresholds for all 802.11an IAPs. Figure 122. Global Settings .11an Procedure for Configuring Global 802.11an IAP Settings 1. 2. 802.11an Data Rates: The Array allows you to define which data rates are supported for all 802.11an radios. Select (or deselect) data rates by clicking in the corresponding Supported and Basic data rate check boxes. • Basic Rate—a wireless station (client) must support this rate in order to associate. • Supported Rate—the Array will use this data rate for transmissions to clients. Data Rate Presets: The Wi-Fi Array can optimize your 802.11an data rates automatically, based on range or throughput. Click on the Optimize Range button to optimize data rates based on range, or click on the Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 213 Wi-Fi Array Optimize Throughput button to optimize data rates based on throughput. The Restore Defaults button will take you back to the factory default rate settings. 214 3. 802.11an IAP Status: Click Enable 802.11an IAPs to enable all 802.11an IAPs for this Array, or click Disable 802.11an IAPs to disable all 802.11an IAPs. 4. Channel Configuration: Click Auto Configure to instruct the Array to determine the best channel allocation settings for each 802.11an IAP and select the channel automatically, based on changes in the environment. This is the recommended method for 802.11an channel allocations. Use the Factory Defaults button to take you back to the factory default channel settings. 5. Cell Size Configuration: Click Auto Configure to instruct the Array to determine and set the best cell size for each enabled 802.11an IAP, based on changes in the environment. This is the recommended method for setting cell size. On the IAP Settings window, each enabled 802.11an IAP will have its cell size set to auto. 6. Set Cell Size: The Cell Size may be set globally for all 802.11an IAPs to auto, large, medium, small, or max using the drop down menu. 7. Fragmentation Threshold: This is the maximum size for directed data packets transmitted over the 802.11an radio. Larger frames fragment into several packets, their maximum size defined by the value you enter here. Smaller fragmentation numbers can help to “squeeze” packets through in noisy environments. Enter the desired Fragmentation Threshold value in this field, between 256 and 2346. 8. RTS Threshold: The RTS (Request To Send) Threshold specifies the packet size. Packets larger than the RTS threshold will use CTS/RTS prior to transmitting the packet—useful for larger packets to help ensure the success of their transmission. Enter a value between 1 and 2347. 9. Click on the Apply button to apply the new settings to this session, or click Save to apply your changes and make them permanent. Configuring the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array See Also Coverage and Capacity Planning Global Settings (IAP) Global Settings .11bgn IAPs IAP Statistics Summary Advanced RF Settings IAP Settings Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 215 Wi-Fi Array Global Settings .11bgn This window allows you to establish global 802.11b/g/n IAP settings. These settings include defining which 802.11b, 802.11g, and 802.11n data rates are supported, enabling or disabling all 802.11b/g/n IAPs, auto-configuring 802.11b/ g/n IAP channel allocations, and specifying the fragmentation and RTS thresholds for all 802.11b/g/n IAPs. Figure 123. Global Settings .11bgn Procedure for Configuring Global 802.11b/g/n IAP Settings 1. 802.11g Data Rates: The Array allows you to define which data rates are supported for all 802.11g radios. Select (or deselect) 11g data rates by clicking in the corresponding Supported and Basic data rate check boxes. • 216 Basic Rate—a wireless station (client) must support this rate in order to associate. Configuring the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array • Supported Rate—data rate used to transmit to clients. 2. 802.11b Data Rates: This task is similar to Step 1, but these data rates apply only to 802.11b IAPs. 3. Data Rate Presets: The Wi-Fi Array can optimize your 802.11b/g/n data rates automatically, based on range or throughput. Click Optimize Range button to optimize data rates based on range, or click on the Optimize Throughput to optimize data rates based on throughput. Restore Defaults will take you back to the factory default rate settings. 4. 802.11b/g/n IAP Status: Click Enable All 802.11b/g/n IAPs to enable all 802.11b/g/n IAPs for this Array, or click Disable All 802.11b/g/n IAPs to disable them. 5. Channel Configuration: Click Auto Configure to instruct the Array to determine the best channel allocation settings for each 802.11b/g/n IAP and select the channel automatically, based on changes in the environment. This is the recommended method for 802.11b/g/n channel allocations. Factory Defaults will take you back to the factory default channel settings. 6. Cell Size Configuration: Click Auto Configure to instruct the Array to determine and set the best cell size for each enabled 802.11b/g/n IAP, based on changes in the environment. This is the recommended method for setting cell size. On the IAP Settings window, the cell size of each enabled 802.11b/g/n IAP will be set to auto. 7. Set Cell Size: The Cell Size may be set globally for all 802.11bgn IAPs to auto, large, medium, small, or max using the drop down menu. 8. 802.11g Only: Choose On to restrict use to 802.11g mode only. In this mode, no 802.11b rates are transmitted. Stations that only support 802.11b will not be able to associate. 9. 802.11g Protection: You should select Auto CTS or Auto RTS to provide automatic protection for all 802.11g radios in mixed networks (802.11 b and g). You may select Off to disable this feature, but this is not recommended. Protection allows 802.11g stations to share an IAP with Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 217 Wi-Fi Array older, slower 802.11b stations. Protection avoids collisions by preventing 802.11b and 802.11g stations from transmitting simultaneously. When Auto CTS or Auto RTS is enabled and any 802.11b station is associated to the IAP, additional frames are sent to gain access to the wireless network. • Auto CTS requires 802.11g stations to send a slow Clear To Send frame that locks out other stations. Automatic protection reduces 802.11g throughput when 802.11b stations are present—Auto CTS adds less overhead than Auto RTS. The default value is Auto CTS. • With Auto RTS, 802.11g stations reserve the wireless media using a Request To Send/Clear To Send cycle. This mode is useful when you have dispersed nodes. It was originally used in 802.11b only networks to avoid collisions from “hidden nodes”—nodes that are so widely dispersed that they can hear the Array, but not each other. When there are no 11b stations associated and an auto-protection mode is enabled, the Array will not send the extra frames, thus avoiding unnecessary overhead. 10. 802.11g Slot: Choose Auto to instruct the Array to manage the 802.11g slot times automatically, or choose Short Only. Xirrus recommends using Auto for this setting, especially if 802.11b devices are present. 11. 802.11b Preamble: The preamble contains information that the Array and client devices need when sending and receiving packets. All compliant 802.11b systems have to support the long preamble. A short preamble improves the efficiency of a network's throughput when transmitting special data, such as voice, VoIP (Voice-over IP) and streaming video. Select Auto to instruct the Array to manage the preamble (long and short) automatically, or choose Long Only. 12. Fragmentation Threshold: This is the maximum size for directed data packets transmitted over the 802.11b/g/n IAP. Larger frames fragment into several packets, their maximum size defined by the value you enter here. Enter the desired Fragmentation Threshold value, between 256 and 2346. 218 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array 13. RTS Threshold: The RTS (Request To Send) Threshold specifies the packet size. Packets larger than the RTS threshold will use CTS/RTS prior to transmitting the packet—useful for larger packets to help ensure the success of their transmission. Enter a value between 1 and 2347. 14. Click on the Apply button to apply the new settings to this session, or click Save to apply your changes and make them permanent. See Also Coverage and Capacity Planning Global Settings (IAP) Global Settings .11an Advanced RF Settings LED Settings IAP Settings IAP Statistics Summary Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 219 Wi-Fi Array Advanced RF Settings This window allows you to establish RF settings, including automatically configuring channel allocation and cell size, specifying intrusion detection and blocking of rogue APs, and configuring radio assurance and standby modes. Changes you make on this page are applied to all IAPs, without exception. Figure 124. Advanced RF Settings About Standby Mode Standby Mode supports the Array-to-Array fail-over capability. When you enable Standby Mode, the Array functions as a backup unit, and it enables its radios if it detects that its designated target Array has failed. The use of redundant Arrays to provide this fail-over capability allows Arrays to be used in mission-critical applications. In Standby Mode, an Array monitors beacons from the target Array. When the target has not been heard from for 40 seconds, the standby Array 220 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array enables its radios until it detects that the target Array has come back online. Standby Mode is off by default. Note that you must ensure that the configuration of the standby Array is correct. This window allows you to enable or disable Standby Mode and specify the primary Array that is the target of the backup unit. See also, “Failover Planning” on page 40. About Blocking Rogue APs If you classify a rogue AP as blocked (see “Rogue Control List” on page 182), then the Array will take measures to prevent stations from staying associated to the rogue. When the monitor radio abg2 is scanning, any time it hears a beacon from a blocked rogue abg2 sends out a broadcast “deauth” signal using the rogue's BSSID and source address. This has the effect of tossing off all of a rogue AP’s clients approximately every 5 to 10 seconds, which is enough to make the rogue frustratingly unusable. The Advanced RF Settings window allows you to set up Auto Block parameters so that unknown APs get the same treatment as explicitly blocked APs. This is basically a "shoot first and ask questions later" mode. By default auto blocking is turned off. Auto blocking provides two parameters for qualifying blocking so that APs must meet certain criteria before being blocked. This keeps the Array from blocking every AP that it detects. You may: Set a minimum RSSI value for the AP—for example, if an AP has an RSSI value of -90, it is probably a harmless AP belonging to a neighbor and not in your building. Block based on encryption level. Procedure for Configuring Advanced RF Settings RF Intrusion Detection 1. Intrusion Detection: This option allows you to establish the intrusion detection method, either Standard or Advanced, or you can choose Off to disable this feature. See “Array Monitor and Loopback Testing Capabilities” on page 341 for more information. Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 221 Wi-Fi Array • Standard—enables the abg2 radio as a monitor which collects Rogue AP information. • Advanced—this option works in conjunction with the Xirrus Defense Module intrusion detection software (XDM). In this mode, the builtin monitor radio (IAP abg2) functions as an RF threat sensor. Selfmonitoring is not enabled. • Off—IAP abg2 does not function as a monitor. 2. Auto Block Unknown Rogue APs: Enable or disable auto blocking (see “About Blocking Rogue APs” on page 222). If auto blocking is On, you may set Auto Block RSSI and Auto Block Level. 3. Auto Block RSSI: Set the minimum RSSI for rogue APs to be blocked. APs with lower RSSI values will not be blocked. They are assumed to be farther away, and probably belonging to neighbors and posing a minimal threat. 4. Auto Block Level: Select rogue APs to block based on the level of encryption that they are using. RF Resilience 5. Radio Assurance Mode: When this mode is enabled, IAP abg2 performs loopback tests on the Array. This mode requires Intrusion Detection to be set to Standard (Step 1) to enable abg2’s self-monitoring functions. It also requires abg2 to be set to monitoring mode (see “Enabling Monitoring on the Array” on page 341). Operation of Radio Assurance mode (also called loopback mode) is described in detail in “Array Monitor and Loopback Testing Capabilities” on page 341. The Radio Assurance mode scans and sends out probe requests on each channel, in turn. It listens for all probe responses and beacons. These tests are performed continuously (24/7). If no beacons or probe responses are observed from a radio for a predetermined period, Radio Assurance mode will take action according to the preference that you have specified: 222 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array • Failure alerts only—The Array will issue alerts in the Syslog, but will not initiate repairs or reboots. • Failure alerts & repairs, but no reboots—The Array will issue alerts and perform resets of one or all of the radios if needed. • Failure alerts & repairs & reboots if needed—The Array will issue alerts, perform resets, and schedule reboots if needed. • Disabled—Disable IAP loopback tests (no self-monitoring occurs). Loopback tests are disabled by default. 6. Enable Standby Mode: Choose Yes to enable this Array to function as a backup unit for the target Array, or choose No to disable this feature. See “About Standby Mode” on page 221. 7. Standby Target Address: If you enabled the Standby Mode, enter the MAC address of the target Array (i.e., the address of the primary Array that is being monitored and backed up by this Array). To find this MAC address, open the Array Info window on the target Array, and use the Gigabit1 MAC Address. RF Power & Sensitivity 8. Cell Size Configuration: Click on the Auto Configure button to instruct the Array to determine and set the best cell size for each enabled IAP, based on changes in the environment. This is the recommended method for setting cell size. On the IAP settings window, each enabled IAP will have its cell size set to Auto. 9. Auto Cell Size Period: You may set up auto-configuration to run periodically, readjusting optimal cell sizes for the current conditions. Enter a number of seconds to specify how often auto-configuration will run. If you select None, then auto-configuration of cell sizing will not be run periodically. You do not need to run Auto Cell often unless there are a lot of changes in the environment. If the RF environment is changing often, running Auto Cell every twenty-four hours (86400 seconds) should be sufficient). Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 223 Wi-Fi Array 10. Auto Cell Size Overlap (%): Enter the percentage of cell overlap that will be allowed when the Array is determining automatic cell sizes. For 100% overlap, the power is adjusted such that neighboring Arrays that hear each other best will hear each other at -70dB. For 0% overlap, that number is -90dB. 11. Auto Cell Min Tx Power (dBm): Enter the minimum transmit power that the Array can assign to a radio when adjusting automatic cell sizes. 12. Sharp Cell: This feature reduces interference between neighboring Arrays or other Access Points by limiting to a defined boundary (cell size) the trailing edge bleed of RF energy. Choose On to enable the Sharp Cell functionality, or choose Off to disable this feature. See also, “Fine Tuning Cell Sizes” on page 35. The Sharp Cell feature only works when the cell size is Small, Medium, or Large (or Auto)—but not Max. If an IAP cell size is set to Max, the Sharp Cell feature will be disabled for that radio. RF Spectrum Management 13. Channel Configuration: Click on the Auto Configure button to instruct the Array to determine the best channel allocation settings for each IAP and select the channel automatically, based on changes in the environment. This is the recommended method for channel allocations. 14. Auto Channel Configuration Mode: This option allows you to instruct the Array to auto-configure channel selection for each enabled IAP when the Array is powered up. Choose On Array PowerUp to enable this feature, or choose Disabled to disable this feature. 15. Auto Channel Configure on Time: This option allows you to instruct the Array to auto-configure channel selection for each enabled IAP at a time you specify here (in hours and minutes, using the format: hh:mm). Leave this field blank unless you want to specify a time at which the autoconfiguration utility is initiated. 224 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array 16. Channel List Selection: This list selects which channels are available to the auto channel algorithm. Channels that are not checked are left out of the auto channel selection process. Note that channels that have been locked by the user are also not available for this process. 17. Auto Channel List: Use All Channels selects all available channels (this does not include locked channels). Use Defaults sets the auto channel list back to the defaults. This omits newer channels (100-140) because many wireless NICs don’t support these channels. 18. Public Safety: This option adds two additional channels (191 and 195) in the 4.9GHz spectrum range for public safety usage by qualified organizations. Operating these channels requires a license, and so they are not for general purpose use. Using these channels without a license violates FCC rules. Warning notices are displayed when you enable this feature and select these channels. All 802.11a/n and 802.11a/b/g/n radios may be set to these channels. 19. Click on the Apply button to apply the new settings to this session, or click Save to apply your changes and make them permanent. See Also Coverage and Capacity Planning Global Settings .11an Global Settings .11bgn IAPs IAP Statistics Summary LED Settings IAP Settings Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 225 Wi-Fi Array LED Settings This window assigns behavior preferences for the Array’s IAP LEDs. Figure 125. LED Settings Procedure for Configuring the IAP LEDs 1. LED State: This option determines which event triggers the LEDs, either when an IAP is enabled or when an IAP first associates with the network. Choose On Radio Enabled or On First Association, as desired. You may also choose Disabled to keep the LEDs from being lit. The LEDs will still light during the boot sequence, then turn off. 2. LED Blink Behavior: This option allows you to select when the IAP LEDs blink, based on the activities you check here. From the choices available, select one or more activities to trigger when the LEDs blink. See also, “Array LED Operating Sequences” on page 74. 3. Click on the Apply button to apply the new settings to this session, or click Save to apply your changes and make them permanent. See Also 226 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array Global Settings (IAP) Global Settings .11an Global Settings .11bgn IAPs LED Boot Sequence Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 227 Wi-Fi Array WDS This is a status only window that provides an overview of all WDS links that have been defined. WDS (Wireless Distribution System) is a system that enables the interconnection of access points wirelessly, allowing your wireless network to be expanded using multiple access points without the need for a wired backbone to link them. The Summary of WDS Client Links shows the WDS links that you have defined on this Array and identifies the target Array for each by its base MAC address. The Summary of WDS Host Links shows the WDS links that have been established on this Array as a result of client Arrays associating to this Array (i.e., the client Arrays have this Array as their target). The summary identifies the source (client) Array for each link. Both summaries identify the IAPs that are part of the link and whether the connection for each is up or down. See “WDS Planning” on page 46 for an overview. Figure 126. WDS About Configuring WDS Links A WDS link connects a client Array and a host Array (see Figure 127 on page 230). The host must be the Array that has a wired connection to the LAN. Client links from one or more Arrays may be connected to the host, and the host may also have client links. See “WDS Planning” on page 46 for more illustrations. 228 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array The configuration for WDS is performed on the client Array only, as described in “WDS Client Links” on page 231. No WDS configuration is performed on the host Array. First you will set up a client link, defining the target (host) Array and SSID, and the maximum number of IAPs in the link. Then you will select the IAPs to be used in the link. When the client link is created, each member IAP will associate to an IAP on the host Array. Wired LAN Client Link a2(52) a10(52) a3(149) a9(149) a4(40) a8(40) CLIENT HOST Figure 127. .Configuring a WDS Link Once an IAP has been selected to act as a WDS client link, you will not be allowed to use auto-configured cell sizing on that IAP (since the cell must extend all the way to the other Array). See Also SSID Management WDS Client Link IAP Assignments: WDS Client Links WDS Statistics Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 229 Wi-Fi Array WDS Client Links This window allows you to set up a maximum of four WDS client links. Figure 128. WDS Client Links Procedure for Setting Up WDS Client Links WDS Client Link Settings: 230 1. Client Link: Shows the ID (1 to 4) of each of the four possible WDS links. 2. Enabled: Check this box if you want to enable this WDS link, or uncheck the box to disable the link. 3. Max IAPs Allowed (1-3): Enter the maximum number of IAPs for this link, between 1 and 3. 4. Target Array Base MAC Address: Enter the base MAC address of the target Array (the host Array at the other side of this link). To find this MAC address, open the WDS window on the target Array, and use This Array Address located on the right under the Summary of WDS Host Links. Configuring the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array 5. Target SSID: Enter the SSID that the target Array is using. 6. Username: Enter a username for this WDS link. A username and password is required if the SSID is using PEAP for WDS authentication from the internal RADIUS server. 7. Password: Enter a password for this WDS link. 8. Clear Settings: Click on the Clear button to reset all of the fields on this line. 9. Click on the Apply button to apply your changes to this session, or click Save to apply your changes and make them permanent. WDS Client Link IAP Assignments: 10. For each desired client link, select the IAPs that are part of that link. Once an IAP has been selected to act as a WDS client link, no other association will be allowed on that IAP. However, wireless associations will be allowed on the WDS host side of the WDS session. 11. Auto Configure: Click this button to instruct the Array to automatically determine the best channel allocation settings for each IAP that participates in a WDS link, based on changes in the environment. These changes are executed immediately, and are automatically applied. 12. Reset All Links: this command tears down all links configured on the Array and sets them back to their factory defaults, effective immediately. See Also SSID Management WDS Planning WDS WDS Statistics Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 231 Wi-Fi Array Filters The Wi-Fi Array’s integrated firewall uses stateful inspection to speed the decision of whether to allow or deny traffic. Filters are also used to define the rules used for blocking or passing traffic. User connections managed by the firewall are maintained statefully—once a user flow is established through the Array, it is recognized and passed through without application of all defined filtering rules. Stateful inspection runs automatically on the Array. The rest of this section describes how to view and manage filters. Filters are organized in groups, called Filter Lists. A filter list allows you to apply a uniform set of filters to SSIDs or Groups very easily. The read-only Filters window provides you with an overview of all filter lists that have been defined for this Array, and the filters that have been created in each list. Filters are listed in the left side column by name under the filter list to which they belong. Each filter entry includes information about the type of filter, the protocol it is filtering, which port it applies to, source and destination addresses, any QoS definition, and affected VLAN assignments. Orange arrow expands/collapses display Figure 129. Filters 232 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array Filter Lists This window allows you to create filter lists. The Array comes with one predefined list, named Global, which cannot be deleted. Filter lists (including Global) may be applied to SSIDs or to Groups. Only one filter list at a time may be applied to a group or SSID (although the filter list may contain a number of filters). All filters are created within filter lists. Figure 130. Filter Lists Procedure for Managing Filter Lists 1. New Filter List Name: Enter a name for the new filter list in this field, then click on the Create button to create the list. All new filters are disabled when they are created. The new filter list is added to the Filter List table in the window. Click on the filter list name, and you will be taken to the Filter Management window for that filter list. 2. On: Check this box to enable this filter list, or leave it blank to disable the list. If the list is disabled, you may still add filters to it or modify it, but none of the filters will be applied to data traffic. 3. Filters: This read-only field displays the number of filters that belong to this filter list. Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 233 Wi-Fi Array 4. SSIDs: This read-only field lists the SSIDs that use this filter list. 5. User Groups: This read-only field lists the Groups that use this filter list. 6. Delete: Click this checkbox and then click the Apply or Save button to delete this filter list. 7. Click on the Apply button to apply your changes to the selected filter, or click Save to apply your changes and make them permanent. 8. Click a filter list to go to the Filter Management window to create and manage the filters that belong to this list. Filter Management This window allows you to create and manage filters for a selected filter list, based on the filter criteria you specify. Filters are applied in order, from top to bottom. Click here to change the order. Figure 131. Filter Management 234 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array Note that filtering is secondary to the stateful inspection performed by the integrated firewall. Traffic for established connections is passed through without the application of these filtering rules. Procedure for Managing Filters 1. Filter List: Select the filter list to display and manage on this window. All of the filters already defined for this list are shown, and you may create additional filters for this list. 2. New Filter Name: Enter a name for the new filter in the field next to the Create button, then click on the Create button to create the filter. All new filters are added to the table of filters at the top of the window. The filter name must be unique within the list, but it may have the same name as a filter in a different filter list. Two filters with the same name in different filter lists will be completely unrelated to each other—they may be defined with different parameter values. 3. Filter: Choose a filter entry to modify from the list at the top of the window. 4. On: Use this field to enable or disable this filter. 5. Deny: Choose whether this filter will be an Allow filter or a Deny filter. If you define the filter as an Allow filter, then any associations that meet the filter criteria will be allowed. If you define the filter as a Deny filter, any associations that meet the filter criteria will be denied. 6. Protocol: Choose a specific filter protocol from the pull-down list, or choose numeric and enter a Number, or choose any to instruct the Array to use the best filter. 7. Port: From the pull-down list, choose the type of port on which you want this filter to be active, or choose 1-65534 and enter a Number, or choose any to instruct the Array to apply the filter to any port. 8. Set QoS: Choose the QoS level (0 to 3) from the pull-down list. Level 0 has the lowest priority; level 3 has the highest priority. See “Understanding QoS Priority on the Wi-Fi Array” on page 186. Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 235 Wi-Fi Array 9. VLAN ID: (Optional) From the pull-down list, select a VLAN for this filter to match. Select numeric and enter the number of a previously defined VLAN (see “VLANs” on page 161). 10. Move Up/Down: The filters are applied in the order in which they are displayed in the list, with filters on the top applied first. To change an entry’s position in the list, just click its Up or Down button. 11. Source Address: Define a source address. Click the radio button for the desired type of address (or other attribute) to match. Then specify the value to match in the field to the right of the button. Choose Any to use any source address. Check Not to match any address except for the specified address. 12. Destination Address: Define a destination address. Click the radio button for the desired type of address (or other attribute) to match. Then specify the value to match in the field to the right of the button. Choose Any to use any source address. Check Not to match any address except for the specified address. 13. To delete a filter, check its Delete checkbox, then click the Apply or Save button. 14. Click on the Apply button to apply your changes to the selected filter, or click Save to apply your changes and make them permanent. See Also Filters Filter Statistics Understanding QoS Priority on the Wi-Fi Array VLANs 236 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array Configuring the Wi-Fi Array 237 Wi-Fi Array 238 Configuring the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array Using Tools on the Wi-Fi Array These WMI windows allow you to perform administrative tasks on your Array, such as upgrading software, rebooting, uploading and downloading configuration files, and other utility tasks. Tools are described in the following sections: “System Tools” on page 240 “CLI” on page 246 “Logout” on page 248 This section does not discuss using status or configuration windows. For information on those windows, please see: “Viewing Status on the Wi-Fi Array” on page 91 “Configuring the Wi-Fi Array” on page 133 Using Tools on the Wi-Fi Array 239 Wi-Fi Array System Tools This window allows you to manage files for software images, configuration, and Web Page Redirect (WPR), manage the system’s configuration parameters, reboot the system, and use diagnostic tools. Status is shown here Progress is shown here Figure 132. System Tools 240 Using Tools on the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array Procedure for Configuring System Tools System: 1. Save & Reboot or Reboot: Use Save & Reboot to save the current configuration and then reboot the Array. The LEDs on the Array indicate the progress of the reboot, as described in “Powering Up the Wi-Fi Array” on page 73. Alternatively, you can click on the Reboot button to discard any configuration changes which have not been saved since the last reboot. You will be warned if you have unsaved changes. 2. Software Upgrade: This Feature allows upgrading the ArrayOS to a newer version provided by Xirrus. Enter the filename and directory location (or click on the Browse button to locate the software upgrade file), then click on the Upgrade button to upload the new file to the Array. Progress of the operation will be displayed below, in the Progress section. Completion status of the operation is shown in the Status section. This operation does not run the new software or change any configured values. The existing software continues to run on the Array until you reboot, at which time the uploaded software will be used. If you are having difficulty upgrading the Array using the WMI, there is a lower-level procedure that you may use. See “Upgrading the Array via CLI” on page 344. Configuration: 3. Update from Remote File: This field allows you to define the path to a configuration file (one that you previously saved—see Step 5 below). Click on the Browse button if you need to browse for the location of the file, then click Update to update your configuration settings. 4. Update from Local File: This field updates Array settings from a local configuration file on the Array. Select one of the following files from the drop-down list: • factory.conf: The factory default settings • lastboot.conf: The setting values from just before the last reboot Using Tools on the Wi-Fi Array 241 Wi-Fi Array • saved.conf: The last settings that were explicitly saved Click Update to update your configuration settings. 5. 6. Download Current Configuration: Click on the link titled xs_current.conf to download the Array’s current configuration settings to a file (that you can upload back to the Array at a later date). The system will prompt you for a destination for the file. The file will contain the Array’s current configuration values. Important! When you have initially configured your Array, or have made significant changes to its configuration, we strongly recommend that you save the configuration to a file in order to have a safe backup of your working configuration. Reset to Factory Defaults: Click on the Reset/Preserve IP Settings button to reset the system’s current configuration settings to the factory default values, except for the Array’s management IP address which is left unchanged. This function allows you to maintain management connectivity to the Array even after the reset. This will retain the Gigabit Ethernet port’s IP address (see “Network Interfaces” on page 141), or if you have configured management over a VLAN it will maintain the management VLAN’s IP address (see “VLAN Management” on page 162). All other previous configuration settings will be lost. Click Reset to reset all of the system’s current configuration settings to the factory default values, including the management IP address—all previous configuration settings will be lost. The Array’s Gigabit Ethernet ports default to using DHCP to obtain an IP address. 242 If the IP settings change, the connection to the WMI may be lost. Using Tools on the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array Diagnostics: 7. Diagnostic Log: Click the Create button to save a snapshot of Array information for use by Xirrus Customer Support personnel. The filename xs_diagnostic.log will be displayed in blue and it becomes a link to the newly created log file. Click the link to download this file to the C:\ folder on your local computer. (Figure 133 ) Click Update to create log Then click this link to save log file to local computer Figure 133. Saving the Diagnostic Log This feature is only used at the request of Customer Support. It saves all of the information regarding your Array, including status, configuration, statistics, log files, and recently performed actions. The diagnostic log is always saved as a file named xs_diagnostic.log on your C:\ drive, so you should immediately rename the file to save it. This way, it will not be lost the next time you save a diagnostic log. Often, Customer Support will instruct you to save two diagnostic logs about ten minutes apart so that they can examine the difference in statistics between the two snapshots (for example, to see traffic and error statistics for the interval). Thus, you must rename the first diagnostic log file. All passwords are stored on the array in an encrypted form and will not be exposed in the diagnostic log. Using Tools on the Wi-Fi Array 243 Wi-Fi Array Web Page Redirect: The Array uses a Perl script and a cascading style sheet to define the default splash/login Web page that the Array delivers for WPR. You may replace these files with files for one or more custom pages of your own. See Step 10 below to view the default files. See Step 14 on page 192 for more information about WPR and how the splash/login page is used. Each SSID that has WPR enabled may have its own page. Custom files for a specific SSID must be named based on the SSID name. For example, if the SSID is named Public, the default wpr.pl and hs.css files should be modified as desired and renamed to wpr-Public.pl and hs-Public.css before uploading to the Array. If you modify and upload files named wpr.pl and hs.css , they will replace the factory default files and will be used for any SSID that does not have its own custom files, per the naming convention just described. Be careful not to replace the default files unintentionally. Figure 134. Managing WPR Splash/Login page files 8. Upload File: Use this to install files for your own custom WPR splash/ login page (as described above) on the Array. Note that uploaded files are not immediately used - you must reboot the Array first. At that time, the Array looks for and uses these files, if found. Enter the filename and directory location (or click Browse to locate the splash/login page files), then click on the Upload button to upload the new files to the Array. You must reboot to make your changes take effect. 9. 244 Remove File: Enter the name of the WPR file you want to remove, then click on the Delete button. You can use the List Files button to show you a list of files that have been saved on the Array for WPR. The list is displayed in the Status section at the bottom of the WMI window. You must reboot to make your changes take effect. Using Tools on the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array 10. Download Sample Files: Click on a link to access the corresponding sample WPR files: • wpr.pl—a sample Perl script. • hs.css—a sample cascading style sheet. Tools: Figure 135. System Command (Ping) 11. System Command: Choose Trace Route or Ping. 12. IP Address: Enter the IP address of the target device. 13. Timeout: Enter a value (in seconds) before the action times out. 14. Execute System Command: Click Execute to start the specified command. Progress of command execution is displayed in the Progress frame. Results are displayed in the Status frame. Progress and Status Frames: The Progress frame displays a progress bar for commands such as software upgrade and ping. The Status frame presents the output from system commands (ping and traceroute), as well as other information, such as the results of software upgrade. Using Tools on the Wi-Fi Array 245 Wi-Fi Array 15. If you want to save the parameters you established in this window for future sessions, click on the Save button. CLI The WMI provides this window to allow you to use the Array’s Command Line Interface (CLI). You can enter commands to configure the Array, or display information using show commands. You will not need to log in - you already logged in to the Array when you started the WMI. Figure 136. CLI Window To enter a command, simply type it in. The command is echoed and output is shown in the normal way—that is, the same way it would be if you were using the CLI directly. You may use the extra scroll bar inside the right edge of the window to scroll through your output. This window has some minor differences, compared to direct use of the CLI via the console or an SSH connection: 246 Using Tools on the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array The CLI starts in config mode. All configuration and show commands are available in this mode. You can “drill down” the mode further in the usual way. For example, you can type interface iap to change the mode to config-iap. The prompt will indicate the current command mode, for example: My-Array(config-iap) # You can abbreviate a command and it will be executed if you have typed enough of the command to be unambiguous. The command will not auto-complete, however. Only the abbreviated command that you actually typed will be shown. You can type a partial command and press Tab to have the command auto-complete. If the partial command is ambiguous a list of legal endings is displayed. Entering quit will log you out of the current WMI session. Help commands (the ? character) are available, either at the prompt or after you have typed part of a command. Using Tools on the Wi-Fi Array 247 Wi-Fi Array Logout Click on the Logout button to terminate your session. When the session is terminated, you are presented with the Array’s login window. Figure 137. Login Window 248 Using Tools on the Wi-Fi Array Wi-Fi Array The Command Line Interface This section covers the commands and the command structure used by the Wi-Fi Array’s Command Line Interface (CLI), and provides a procedure for establishing a Telnet connection to the Array. Topics discussed include: “Establishing a Secure Shell (SSH) Connection” on page 249. “Getting Started with the CLI” on page 250. “Top Level Commands” on page 252. “Configuration Commands” on page 260. “Sample Configuration Tasks” on page 291. See Also Establishing Communication with the Array Network Map System Tools Establishing a Secure Shell (SSH) Connection Use this procedure to initialize the system and log in to the Command Line Interface (CLI) via a Secure Shell (SSH) utility, such as PuTTY. 1. Start your SSH session and communicate with the Array via its default IP address (10.0.2.1 for both the Gigabit 1 and Gigabit 2 Ethernet ports). 2. At the login prompt, enter your user name and password (the default for both is admin). Login names and passwords are case-sensitive. You are now logged in to the Array’s Command Line Interface. Figure 138. Logging In The Command Line Interface 249 Wi-Fi Array Getting Started with the CLI The root command prompt (Root Command Prompt) is the first prompt you see after logging in to the CLI. If you are at a level other than the root command prompt you can return to this prompt at any time by using the exit command to step back through each command prompt level. The root command prompt you see in the CLI window is determined by the host name you assigned to your Array. The prompt Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array is displayed throughout this document simply because this is the host name assigned to the Array used for development. To terminate your session at any time, use the quit command. Note: If you terminate your session, with either the quit or exit command, your WMI session will also be terminated. Inputting Commands When inputting commands you need only type as many characters as the system requires before it recognizes your input. For example, you can type the abbreviated term config to access the configure prompt. Getting Help The CLI offers the following two levels of assistance: help Command The help command is only available at the root command prompt. Initiating this command generates a window that provides information about the types of help that are available with the CLI. Figure 139. Help Window 250 The Command Line Interface Wi-Fi Array ? Command This command is available at any prompt and provides either FULL or PARTIAL help. Using the ? (question mark) command when you are ready to enter an argument will display all the possible arguments (full help). Partial help is provided when you enter an abbreviated argument and you want to know what arguments will match your input. Figure 140. Full Help Figure 141 shows an example of how the Help system can provide the argument and format when specifying the time zone under the date-time command. Figure 141. Partial Help The Command Line Interface 251 Wi-Fi Array Top Level Commands This section offers an at-a-glance view of all top level commands—organized alphabetically. Top level commands are defined here as commands that are directly accessible from the root command prompt (Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array#). The root command prompt is based on the host name assigned to your Array. When inputting commands, be aware that all commands are case-sensitive. All other commands are considered second level configuration commands—these are the commands you use to configure specific elements of the Array’s features and functionality. For a listing of these commands with examples of command formats and structure, go to “Configuration Commands” on page 260. Root Command Prompt The following table shows the top level commands that are available from the root command prompt [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array]. Command Description Type @n to execute command n (as shown by the history command). configure Enter the configuration mode. See “Configuration Commands” on page 260. exit Exit the CLI and terminate your session—if this command is used at any level other than the root command prompt you will simply exit the current level (step back) and return to the previous level. help Show a description of the interactive help system. See also, “Getting Help” on page 250. history more Turn terminal pagination ON or OFF. quit Exit the Command Line Interface (from any level). search 252 List history of commands that have been executed. Search for pattern in show command output. The Command Line Interface Wi-Fi Array Command show Description Display information about the selected item. See “show Commands” on page 256. statistics Display statistical data about the Array. See “statistics Commands” on page 259. uptime Display the elapsed time since the last boot. configure Commands The following table shows the second level commands that are available with the top level configure command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)#]. Command Description Type @n to execute command n (as shown by the history command). acl Configure the Access Control List. admin cdp clear contact-info date-time Define administrator access parameters. Configure Cisco Discovery Protocol settings. Remove/clear the requested elements. Contact information for assistance on this Array. Configure date and time settings. dhcp-server Configure the DHCP Server. dns Configure the DNS settings. end Exit the configuration mode. exit Go UP one mode level. file Manage the file system. filter Define protocol filter parameters. group Define user groups with parameter settings The Command Line Interface 253 Wi-Fi Array Command help history hostname https interface load location management more no quit radius-server reboot reset run-tests save search security Description of the interactive Help system. List history of commands that have been executed. Host name for this Array. Enable/disable HTTPS. Select the interface to configure. Load running configuration from flash Location name for this Array. Configure array management parameters Turn ON or OFF terminal pagination. Disable (if enabled) or set to default value. Exit the Command Line Interface. Configure the RADIUS server parameters. Reboot the Array. Reset all settings to their factory default values and reboot. Run selective tests. Save the running configuration to FLASH. Search for pattern in show command output. Set the security parameters for the Array. show Display current information about the selected item. snmp Enable, disable or configure SNMP. ssh 254 Description Enable/disable SSH. The Command Line Interface Wi-Fi Array Command ssid Description Configure the SSID parameters. standby Configure the standby parameters. statistics Display statistics. syslog Enable, disable or configure the Syslog Server. telnet Enable/disable Telnet. uptime vlan Display time since the last boot. Configure VLAN parameters. The Command Line Interface 255 Wi-Fi Array show Commands The following table shows the second level commands that are available with the top level show command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array# show]. Command acl admin Display the Access Control List. Display the administrator list. array-info Display system information. associatedstations Display stations that have associated to the Array. boot-env capabilities cdp channel-list Display Boot loader environment variables. Display detailed station capabilities. Display Cisco Discovery Protocol settings. Display list of Array’s 802.11an and b/g channels. clear-text Display and enter passwords and secrets in the clear. conntrack Display the Connection Tracking table. console Display terminal settings. contact-info Display contact information. country-list Display countries that the Array can be set to support. date-time Display date and time settings summary. dhcp-leases Display IP addresses (leases) assigned to stations by the DHCP server. dhcp-pool Display internal DHCP server settings summary information. diff 256 Description Display the difference between configurations. The Command Line Interface Wi-Fi Array Command dns env-ctrl error-numbers ethernet Description Display DNS summary information. Display the environmental controller status for the outdoor enclosure. Display the detailed error number in error messages. Display Ethernet interface summary information. external-radius Display summary information for the external RADIUS server settings. factory-config Display the Array factory configuration information. filters iap Display filter information. Display IAP configuration information. internal-radius Display the users defined for the embedded RADIUS server. lastboot-config Display Array configuration at the time of the last boot-up. management Display settings for managing the Array, plus Standby, and other information. network-map Display network map information. realtime-monitor rogue-ap route rssi-map running-config saved-config Display realtime statistics for all IAPs. Display rogue AP information. Display the routing table . Display RSSI map by IAP for station. Display configuration information for the Array currently running. Display the last saved Array configuration. The Command Line Interface 257 Wi-Fi Array Command security Display security settings summary information. self-test Display self test results. snmp spanning-tree spectrumanalyzer ssid Display SNMP summary information. Display spanning tree information. Display spectrum analyzer measurements. Display SSID summary information. stations Display station information. statistics Display statistics. syslog Display the system log. syslog-settings Display the system log (syslog) settings. temperature Display the current board temperatures. unassociatedstations 258 Description Display unassociated station information. vlan Display VLAN information. wds Display WDS information.Display configuration or status information. The Command Line Interface Wi-Fi Array statistics Commands The following table shows the second level commands that are available with the top level statistics command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array# statistics]. Command ethernet Ethernet Name eth0, gig1, gig2 Description Display statistical data for all Ethernet interfaces. Display statistical data for the defined Ethernet interface (either eth0, gig1 or gig2). FORMAT: statistics gig1 filter Display statistics for defined filters (if any). . FORMAT: statistics filter [detail] iap Display statistical data for the defined IAP. FORMAT: statistics iap abg4 station Display statistical data about associated stations. FORMAT: statistics station billw vlan Display statistical data for the defined VLAN. You must use the VLAN number (not its name) when defining a VLAN. FORMAT: statistics vlan 1 wds Display statistical data for the defined active WDS (Wireless Distribution System) links. FORMAT: statistics wds 1 Display configuration or status information. The Command Line Interface 259 Wi-Fi Array Configuration Commands All configuration commands are accessed by using the configure command at the root command prompt (Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array#). This section provides a brief description of each command and presents sample formats where deemed necessary. The commands are organized alphabetically. When inputting commands, be aware that all commands are case-sensitive. To see examples of some of the key configuration tasks and their associated commands, go to “Sample Configuration Tasks” on page 291. acl The acl command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# acl] is used to configure the Access Control List. Command add Add a MAC address to the list. FORMAT: acl add AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF del Delete a MAC address from the list. FORMAT: acl del AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF disable Disable the Access Control List FORMAT: acl disable enable Enable the Access Control List FORMAT: acl enable reset 260 Description Delete all MAC addresses from the list. FORMAT: acl reset The Command Line Interface Wi-Fi Array admin The admin command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config-admin)#] is used to configure the Administrator List. Command Description add Add a user to the Administrator List. FORMAT: admin add [userID] check Check whether a user name is valid. FORMAT: admin check [userID] del Delete a user to the Administrator List. FORMAT: admin del [userID] edit Modify user in the Administrator List. FORMAT: admin edit [userID] logout reset Log the user out. FORMAT: admin logout [userID] Delete all users and restore the default user. FORMAT: admin reset The Command Line Interface 261 Wi-Fi Array cdp The cdp command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# cdp] is used to configure the Cisco Discovery Protocol. Command 262 Description disable Disable the Cisco Discovery Protocol FORMAT: cdp disable enable Enable the Cisco Discovery Protocol FORMAT: cdp enable hold-time Select CDP message hold time before messages received from neighbors expire. FORMAT: cdp hold-time [# seconds] interval The Array sends out CDP announcements at this interval. FORMAT: cdp interval [# seconds] off Disable the Cisco Discovery Protocol FORMAT: cdp off on Enable the Cisco Discovery Protocol FORMAT: cdp on The Command Line Interface Wi-Fi Array clear The clear command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# clear] is used to clear requested elements. Command authentication Description Deauthenticate a station. FORMAT: clear station [authenticated station] history Clear the history of CLI commands executed. FORMAT: clear history screen Clear the screen where you’re viewing CLI output. FORMAT: clear syslog statistics Clear the statistics for a requested interface. FORMAT: clear statistics [eth0] syslog Clear all syslog message, but continue to log new messages. FORMAT: clear syslog The Command Line Interface 263 Wi-Fi Array contact-info The contact-info command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# contact-info] is used for managing administrator contact information. Command 264 Description email Add an email address for the contact (must be in quotation marks). FORMAT: contact-info email [“contact@mail.com”] name Add a contact name (must be in quotation marks). FORMAT: contact-info name [“Contact Name”] phone Add a telephone number for the contact (must be in quotation marks). FORMAT: contact-info phone [“8185550101”] The Command Line Interface Wi-Fi Array date-time The date-time command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config-date-time)#] is used to configure the date and time parameters. Your Array supports the Network Time Protocol (NTP) in order to ensure that the Array’s internal time is accurate. NTP is set to UTC time by default; however, you can set the time zone so that your Array will display local time. This is done by defining an offset from the UTC value. For example, Pacific Standard Time is 8 hours behind UTC time, so the offset from UTC time would be -8. Command dst_adjust Description Enable adjustment for daylight savings. FORMAT: date-time dst_adjust no Disable daylight savings adjustment. FORMAT: date-time no dst_adjust ntp Enable the NTP server. FORMAT: date-time ntp on (or off to disable) offset set timezone Set an offset from Greenwich Mean Time. FORMAT: date-time no dst_adjust Set the date and time for the Array. FORMAT: date-time set [10:24 10/23/2007] Configure the time zone. FORMAT: date-time timezone [-8] The Command Line Interface 265 Wi-Fi Array dhcp-server The dhcp-server command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config-dhcp-server)#] is used to add, delete and modify DHCP pools. Command 266 Description add Add a DHCP pool. FORMAT: dhcp-server add [dhcp pool] del Delete a DHCP pool. FORMAT: dhcp-server del [dhcp pool] edit Edit a DHCP pool FORMAT: dhcp-server edit [dhcp pool] reset Delete all DHCP pools. FORMAT: dhcp-server reset The Command Line Interface Wi-Fi Array dns The dns command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config-dns)#] is used to configure your DNS parameters. Command Description domain Enter your domain name. FORMAT: dns domain [www.mydomain.com] server1 Enter the IP address of the primary DNS server. FORMAT: dns server1 [1.2.3.4] server2 Enter the IP address of the secondary DNS server. FORMAT: dns server1 [2.3.4.5] server3 Enter the IP address of the tertiary DNS server. FORMAT: dns server1 [3.4.5.6] The Command Line Interface 267 Wi-Fi Array file The file command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config-file)#] is used to manage files. Command Description active-image Validate and commit a new array software image. backup-image check-image chkdsk copy dir erase format Validate a new array software image. Check flash file system. Copy a file to another file. FORMAT: file copy [sourcefile destinationfile] List the contents of a directory. FORMAT: file dir [directory] Delete a file from the FLASH file system. FORMAT: file erase [filename] Format flash file system. ftp Open an FTP connection with a remote server. FORMAT: file ftp [ftpconnection] list List the contents of a file. FORMAT: file list [filename] rename scp 268 Validate and commit a new backup software image. Rename a file. Copy a file to or from a remote system. The Command Line Interface Wi-Fi Array filter The filter command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config-filter)#] is used to manage protocol filters and filter lists. Command add add-list del del-list edit Description Add a filter. FORMAT: filter add [name] Add a filter list. FORMAT: filter add-list [name] Delete a filter. FORMAT: filter del [name] Delete a filter list. FORMAT: filter del-list [name] Edit a filter. FORMAT: filter edit [name type] edit-list Edit a filter list FORMAT: filter edit-list [name type] enable Enable a filter list. FORMAT: filter enable move Change a filter priority. FORMAT: filter move [name priority] The Command Line Interface 269
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