Cambium Networks XR630 802.11ac 3x3 AP User Manual xirrus PDF

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Wireless ArrayConfiguring the Wireless Array 229Figure 128. Access Control ListProcedure for Configuring Access Control Lists1. Access Control List Type: Select Disabled to disable use of the Access Control List, or select the ACL type — either Allow List or Deny List. •Allow List: Only allows the listed MAC addresses to associate to the Array. All others are denied.•Deny List: Denies the listed MAC addresses permission to associate to the Array. All others are allowed.2. MAC Address: If you want to add a MAC address to the ACL, enter the new MAC address here, then click on the Add button. The MAC address is added to the ACL. You may use a wildcard (*) for one or more digits to match a range of addresses. You may create up to 1000 entries. 3. Delete: You can delete selected MAC addresses from this list by clicking their Delete buttons.4. Click Save changes to flash if you wish to make your changes permanent.In addition to these lists, other authentication methods (for example, RADIUS) are still enforced for users.

Wireless Array230 Configuring the Wireless ArraySee AlsoExternal RadiusGlobal Settings (IAP)Internal RadiusManagement ControlSecurityStation Status Windows (list of stations that have been detected by the Array) Global SettingsThis window allows you to establish the security parameters for your wireless network, including WEP, WPA, WPA2 and RADIUS authentication. When finished, click Save changes to flash if you wish to make your changes permanent.For additional information about wireless network security, refer to “Security Planning” on page 47 and “Understanding Security” on page 209.Figure 129. Global Settings (Security)

Wireless ArrayConfiguring the Wireless Array 231Procedure for Configuring Network Security1. RADIUS Server Mode: Choose the RADIUS server mode you want to use, either Internal or External. Parameters for these modes are configured in “External Radius” on page 234 and “Internal Radius” on page 238. WPA Settings These settings are used if the WPA or WPA2 encryption type is selected on the SSIDs >SSID Management window or the Express Setup window (on this window, encryption type is set in the SSID Settings: Wireless Security field). 2. TKIP Enabled: Choose Yes to enable TKIP (Temporal Key Integrity Protocol), or choose No to disable TKIP.3. AES Enabled: Choose Yes to enable AES (Advanced Encryption Standard), or choose No to disable AES. If both AES and TKIP are enabled, the station determines which will be used. 4. WPA Group Rekey Time (seconds): Enter a value to specify the group rekey time (in seconds). The default is Never.5. WPA Preshared Key / Verify Key: If you enabled PSK, enter a passphrase here, then re-enter the passphrase to verify that you typed it correctly.TKIP encryption does not support high throughput rates (see Improved MAC Throughput), per the IEEE 802.11n specification. TKIP should never be used for WDS links on XR Arrays.

Wireless Array232 Configuring the Wireless ArrayWEP SettingsThese settings are used if the WEP encryption type is selected on the SSIDs > SSID Management window or the Express Setup window (on this window, encryption type is set in the SSID Settings: Wireless Security field). Click the Show Cleartext button to make the text that you type in to the Key fields visible.6. Encryption Key 1 / Verify Key 1:Key Size: Key length is automatically computed based on the Encryption Key that you enter•5 ASCII characters (10 hex) for 40 bits (WEP-64)•13 ASCII characters for (26 hex) 104 bits (WEP-128)Encryption Key 1 / Verify Key 1: Enter an encryption key in ASCII or hexadecimal. The ASCII and translated hexadecimal values will appear to the right if you selected the Show Cleartext button. Re-enter the key to verify that you typed it correctly. You may include special ASCII characters, except for the double quote symbol (“). 7. Encryption Key 2 to 4/ Verify Key 2 to 4/ Key Mode/Length (optional): If desired, enter up to four encryption keys, in the same way that you entered the first key.8. Default Key: Choose which key you want to assign as the default key. Make your selection from the pull-down list.WEP encryption does not support high throughput rates or features like frame aggregation or block acknowledgments (see Improved MAC Throughput), per the IEEE 802.11n specification. WEP should never be used for WDS links on Arrays.

Wireless ArrayConfiguring the Wireless Array 2339. Click Save changes to flash if you wish to make your changes permanent.See AlsoAdmin ManagementExternal RadiusInternal RadiusAccess Control ListManagement ControlSecuritySecurity PlanningSSID ManagementAfter configuring network security, the configuration must be applied to an SSID for the new functionality to take effect.

Wireless Array234 Configuring the Wireless ArrayExternal Radius This window allows you to define the parameters of an external RADIUS server for user authentication. To set up an external RADIUS server, you must choose External as the RADIUS server mode in Global Settings. Refer to “Global Settings” on page 230.Figure 130. External RADIUS Server If you want to include user group membership in the RADIUS account information for users, see “Understanding Groups” on page 269. User groups allow you to easily apply a uniform configuration to a user on the Array.

Wireless ArrayConfiguring the Wireless Array 235About Creating User Accounts on the RADIUS Server A number of attributes of user (wireless client) accounts are controlled by RADIUS Vendor Specific Attributes (VSAs) defined by Xirrus. For example, you would use the VSA named Xirrus-User-VLAN if you wish to set the VLAN for a user account in RADIUS. For more information about the RADIUS VSAs used by Xirrus, see “RADIUS Vendor Specific Attribute (VSA) for Xirrus” on page 491. Procedure for Configuring an External RADIUS Server1. Primary Server: This is the external RADIUS server that you intend to use as your primary server.a. Host Name / IP Address: Enter the IP address or domain name of this external RADIUS server.b. Port Number: Enter the port number of this external RADIUS server. The default is 1812.c. Shared Secret / Verify Secret: Enter the shared secret that this external RADIUS server will be using, then re-enter the shared secret to verify that you typed it correctly.2. Secondary Server (optional): If desired, enter an alternative external RADIUS server. If the primary RADIUS server becomes unreachable, the Array will “failover” to the secondary RADIUS server (defined here).a. Host Name / IP Address: Enter the IP address or domain name of this external RADIUS server.b. Port Number: Enter the port number of this external RADIUS server. The default is 1812.c. Shared Secret / Verify Secret: Enter the shared secret that this external RADIUS server will be using, then re-enter the shared secret to verify that you typed it correctly.The shared secret that you define must match the secret used by the external RADIUS server.

Wireless Array236 Configuring the Wireless Array3. Settings (RADIUS Dynamic Authorization): Some RADIUS servers have the ability to contact the Array (referred to as an NAS, see below) to terminate a user with a Disconnect Message (DM). Or RADIUS may send a Change-of-Authorization (CoA) Message to the Array to change a user’s privileges due to changing session authorizations. This implements RFC 5176—Dynamic Authorization Extensions to RADIUS. a. Timeout (seconds): Define the maximum idle time before the RADIUS server’s session times out. The default is 600 seconds.b. DAS Port: RADIUS will use the DAS port on the Array for Dynamic Authorization Extensions to RADIUS. The default port is 3799.c. DAS Event-Timestamp: The Event-Timestamp Attribute provides a form of protection against replay attacks. If you select Required, both the RADIUS server and the Array will use the Event-Timestamp Attribute and check that it is current within the DAS Time Window. If the Event-Timestamp is not current, then the DM or CoA Message will be silently discarded. d. DAS Time Window: This is the time window used with the DAS Event-Timestamp, above. e. NAS Identifier: From the point of view of a RADIUS server, the Array is a client, also called a Network Access Server (NAS). Enter the NAS Identifier (IP address) that the RADIUS servers expect the Array to use — normally the IP address of the Array’s Gigabit1 port. 4. RADIUS Attribute Formatting Settings: Some RADIUS servers, especially older versions, expect information to be sent to them in a legacy format. These settings are provided for the unusual situation that requires special formatting of specific types of information sent to the RADIUS server. Most users will not need to change these settings.a. Called-Station-Id Attribute Format: Define the format of the Called-Station-Id RADIUS attribute sent from the Array—BSSID:SSID(default) or BSSID.

Wireless ArrayConfiguring the Wireless Array 237b. Station MAC Format: Define the format of the Station MAC RADIUS attribute sent from the Array—lower-case or upper-case, hyphenated or not. The default is lower-case, not hyphenated. 5. Accounting Settings: Note that RADIUS accounting start packets sent by the Array will include the client station's Framed-IP-Address attribute.a. Accounting Interval (seconds): Specify how often Interim records are to be sent to the server. The default is 300 seconds.b. Primary Server Host Name / IP Address: Enter the IP address or domain name of the primary RADIUS accounting server that you intend to use.c. Primary Port Number: Enter the port number of the primary RADIUS accounting server. The default is 1813.d. Primary Shared Secret / Verify Secret: Enter the shared secret that the primary RADIUS accounting server will be using, then re-enter the shared secret to verify that you typed it correctly.e. Secondary Server Host Name / IP Address (optional): If desired, enter an IP address or domain name for an alternative RADIUS accounting server. If the primary server becomes unreachable, the Array will “failover” to this secondary server (defined here).f. Secondary Port Number: If using a secondary accounting server, enter its port number. The default is 1813.g. Secondary Shared Secret / Verify Secret: If using a secondary accounting server, enter the shared secret that it will be using, then re-enter the shared secret to verify that you typed it correctly.6. Click Save changes to flash if you wish to make your changes permanent.See AlsoAdmin Management

Wireless Array238 Configuring the Wireless ArrayGlobal Settings (IAP)Internal RadiusAccess Control ListManagement ControlSecurityUnderstanding GroupsInternal Radius This window allows you to define the parameters for the Array’s internal RADIUS server for user authentication. However, the internal RADIUS server will only authenticate wireless clients that want to associate to the Array. This can be useful if an external RADIUS server is not available. To set up the internal RADIUS server, you must choose Internal as the RADIUS server mode in Global Settings. Refer to “Global Settings” on page 230.Figure 131. Internal RADIUS Server

Wireless ArrayConfiguring the Wireless Array 239Procedure for Creating a New User1. User Name: Enter the name of the user that you want to authenticate to the internal RADIUS server. You may enter up to 1000 users (up to 250 on the XR-500 Series or up to 500 on the XR-1000 Series).2. SSID Restriction: (Optional) If you want to restrict this user to associating to a particular SSID, choose an SSID from the pull-down list.3. User Group: (Optional) If you want to make this user a member of a previously defined user group, choose a group from the pull-down list. This will apply all of the user group’s settings to the user. See “Understanding Groups” on page 269. 4. Password: (Optional) Enter a password for the user.5. Verify: (Optional) Retype the user password to verify that you typed it correctly.6. Click on the Create button to add the new user to the list.Procedure for Managing Existing Users1. SSID Restriction: (Optional) If you want to restrict a user to associating to a particular SSID, choose an SSID from its pull-down list.2. User Group: (Optional) If you want to change the user’s group, choose a group from the pull-down list. This will apply all of the user group’s settings to the user. See “Understanding Groups” on page 269. 3. Password: (Optional) Enter a new password for the selected user.Clients using PEAP may have difficulty authenticating to the Array using the Internal RADIUS server due to invalid security certificate errors. To prevent this problem, the user may disable the Validate Server Certificateoption on the station. Do this by displaying the station’s wireless devices and then displaying the properties of the desired wireless interface. In the security properties, disable Validate server certificate. In some systems, this may be found by setting the authentication method to PEAP and changing the associated settings.

Wireless Array240 Configuring the Wireless Array4. Verify Password: (Optional) Retype the user password to verify that you typed it correctly.5. If you want to delete one or more users, click their Delete buttons.6. Click Save changes to flash if you wish to make your changes permanent.See AlsoAdmin ManagementExternal RadiusGlobal Settings (IAP)Access Control ListManagement ControlSecurityUnderstanding Groups

Wireless ArrayConfiguring the Wireless Array 241Rogue Control ListThis window allows you to set up a control list for rogue APs, based on a type that you define. You may classify rogue APs as blocked, so that the Array will take steps to prevent stations from associating with the blocked AP. See “About Blocking Rogue APs” on page 337. The Array can keep up to 5000 entries in this list. Figure 132. Rogue Control ListProcedure for Establishing Rogue AP Control1. Rogue BSSID/SSID: Enter the BSSID, SSID, or manufacturer string to match for the new rogue control entry. The Match Only radio buttons specify what to match (e.g., the MAC address, SSID, or manufacturer). You may use the “*” character as a wildcard to match any string at this position. For example, 00:0f:7d:* matches any string that starts with 00:0f:7d:. Xirrus Arrays start with 00:0f:7d: or 50:60:28:. By default, the The RF Monitor > Intrusion Detection window provides an alternate method for classifying rogues. You can list all Unknown stations and select all the rogues that you’d like to set to Known or Approved, rather than entering the SSID/BSSID as described below. See “Intrusion Detection” on page 116.

Wireless Array242 Configuring the Wireless ArrayRogue Control List contains two entries that match 00:0f:7d:* and 50:60:28:* and apply the classification Known to all Xirrus Arrays.2. Rogue Control Classification: Enter the classification for the specified rogue AP(s), either Blocked, Known or Approved.3. Match Only: Select the match criterion to compare the Rogue BSSID/SSID string against: BSSID, Manufacturer, or SSID. The BSSID field contains the MAC address. 4. Click Create to add this rogue AP to the Rogue Control List.5. Rogue Control List: If you want to edit the control type for a rogue AP, just click the radio button for the new type for the entry: Blocked, Knownor Approved.6. To delete rogue APs from the list, click their Delete buttons.7. Click Save changes to flash if you wish to make your changes permanent.See AlsoNetwork MapIntrusion DetectionSSIDsSSID Management

Wireless ArrayConfiguring the Wireless Array 243OAuth 2.0 ManagementThis window displays a list of tokens granted by the Array for access to its RESTful API (see “API Documentation” on page 387 for a description of the features available in the API). OAuth 2.0 is used to provide the tokens. The list will be blank until tokens have been issued as described below. You may revoke (delete) existing tokens from the list, if desired. Xirrus Arrays use the OAuth 2.0 standard’s client credential grant model. This allows you to use administrator account credentials to obtain a token to access RESTful API on an individual Array. Please note that the Array will issue only one token on behalf on of any administrator account at any given time. If you have a need for multiple tokens, then the Array will need multiple administrator accounts.Follow the steps below to obtain a token and use the RESTful API.Figure 133. OAuth 2.0 Management - Token ListProcedure for Obtaining a Token and Accessing RESTful API on the Array1. Present User Credentials for a Permanent TokenA user-developed application must register by presenting the following information to the URL below:

Wireless Array244 Configuring the Wireless Arrayhttps://[Array hostname or IP address]/oauth/authorize •grant_type: password•username: username of an administrator account on the Array.•client_id: username of an administrator account on the Array (username and client_id must match).•password: password for the same administrator account on the ArrayThe OAuth Authorization API provides a permanent token that the application may use to access the RESTful API. This token remains valid until the administrator revokes the token on the OAuth 2.0 Managementpage, unless the token file somehow becomes corrupted or is removed from the Array’s file system. The token will be removed if the original account associated with it is deleted. 2. Access the RESTful APIOnce registration is completed and a permanent token has been provided, your application may access the API using the client_id and the token at the following URL: https://[Array hostname or IP address]/api/v1/[api-name] Please see “API Documentation” on page 387 for a description of the features available in the API.

Wireless ArrayConfiguring the Wireless Array 245SSIDsThis status-only window allows you to review SSID (Service Set IDentifier) assignments. It includes the SSID name, whether or not an SSID is visible on the network, any security and QoS parameters defined for each SSID, associated VLAN IDs, radio availability, and DHCP pools defined per SSID. Click on an SSID’s name to jump to the edit page for the SSID. There are no configuration options available on this page, but if you are experiencing problems or reviewing SSID management parameters, you may want to print this page for your records.Figure 134. SSIDs The read-only Limits section of the SSIDs window allows you to review any limitations associated with your defined SSIDs. For example, this window shows the current state of an SSID (enabled or not), how much SSID and station traffic is allowed, time on and time off, days on and off, and whether each SSID is currently active or inactive.For information to help you understand SSIDs and how multiple SSIDs are managed by the Wireless Array, go to “Understanding SSIDs” on page 246 and the Multiple SSIDs section of “Frequently Asked Questions” on page 480. For a description of how QoS operates on the Array, see “Understanding QoS Priority on the Wireless Array” on page 247.For a complete discussion of implementing Voice over Wi-Fi on the Array, see the Xirrus Voice over Wireless Application Note in the Xirrus Resource Center.

Wireless Array246 Configuring the Wireless ArraySSIDs are managed with the following windows:“SSID Management” on page 253“Active IAPs” on page 266 “Per-SSID Access Control List” on page 267SSIDs are discussed in the following topics:“Understanding SSIDs” on page 246“Understanding QoS Priority on the Wireless Array” on page 247“High Density 2.4G Enhancement—Honeypot SSID” on page 252Understanding SSIDsThe SSID (Service Set Identifier) is a unique identifier that wireless networking devices use to establish and maintain wireless connectivity. Multiple access points on a network or sub-network can use the same SSIDs. SSIDs are case-sensitive and can contain up to 32 alphanumeric characters (do not include spaces when defining SSIDs).Multiple SSIDsA BSSID (Basic SSID) refers to an individual access point radio and its associated clients. The identifier is the MAC address of the access point radio that forms the BSS. A group of BSSs can be formed to allow stations in one BSS to communicate to stations in another BSS via a backbone that interconnects each access point.The Extended Service Set (ESS) refers to the group of BSSIDs that are grouped together to form one ESS. The ESSID (often referred to as SSID or “wireless network name”) identifies the Extended Service Set. Clients must associate to a single ESS at any given time. Clients ignore traffic from other Extended Service Sets that do not have the same SSID.Legacy access points typically support one SSID per access point. Wireless Arrays support the ability to define and use multiple SSIDs simultaneously.

Wireless ArrayConfiguring the Wireless Array 247Using SSIDsThe creation of different wireless network names allows system administrators to separate types of users with different requirements. The following policies can be tied to an SSID:The wireless security mode needed to join this SSID.The wireless Quality of Service (QoS) desired for this SSID.The wired VLAN associated with this SSID.As an example, one SSID named accounting might require the highest level of security, while another named guests might have low security requirements.Another example may define an SSID named voice that supports voice over Wireless LAN phones with the highest Quality of Service (QoS) definition. This SSID might also forward traffic to specific VLANs on the wired network.See AlsoSSID ManagementSSIDsUnderstanding SSIDsUnderstanding QoS Priority on the Wireless Array For a complete discussion of implementing Voice over Wi-Fi on the Array, see the Xirrus Voice over Wireless Application Note in the Xirrus Resource Center.

Wireless Array248 Configuring the Wireless ArrayFigure 135. Four Traffic ClassesThe Wireless Array’s Quality of Service Priority feature (QoS) allows traffic to be prioritized according to your requirements. For example, you typically assign the highest priority to voice traffic, since this type of traffic requires delay to be under 10 ms. The Array has four separate queues for handling wireless traffic at different priorities, and thus it supports four traffic classes (QoS levels). Figure 136. Priority Level—IEEE 802.1p (Layer 2)IEEE802.1p uses three bits in an Ethernet frame header to define eight priority levels at the MAC level (Layer 2) for wired networks. Each data packet may be tagged with a priority level, i.e., a user priority tag. Since there are eight possible Mapping to Traffic ClassFour Transmit QueuesPer queue channel access Application DataVoiceData VideoData Background Data Best Effort DataIAP (Transmit)Highest Priority Lowest Priority

Wireless ArrayConfiguring the Wireless Array 249user priority levels and the Array implements four wireless QoS levels, user priorities are mapped to QoS as described below. Figure 137. Priority Level—DSCP (DiffServ - Layer 3)DSCP (Differentiated Services Code Point or DiffServ) uses 6 bits in the IPv4 or IPv6 packet header, defined in RFC2474 and RFC2475. The DSCP value classifies a Layer 3 packet to determine the Quality of Service (QoS) required. DSCP replaces the outdated Type of Service (TOS) field. The description below describes how both of these priority levels are mapped to the Array’s four traffic classes.End-to-End QoS HandlingWired QoS - Ethernet Port:Ingress: Incoming wired packets are assigned QoS priority based on their SSID and 802.1p tag (if any), as shown in the table below. This table follows the mapping recommended by IEEE802.11e. FROMPriority Tag 802.1p (Wired)TOArray QoS (Wireless)Typical Use0 0 (Lowest priority) Best Effort 1 1 Background — explicitly designated as low-priority and non-delay sensitive

Wireless Array250 Configuring the Wireless ArrayEgress: Outgoing wired packets are IEEE 802.1p tagged at the Ethernet port for upstream traffic, thus enabling QoS at the edge of the network. Wireless QoS - Radios:Each SSID can be assigned a separate QoS priority (i.e., traffic class) from 0 to 3, where 3 is highest priority and 2 is the default. See “SSID Management” on page 253. If multiple SSIDs are used, packets from the SSID with higher priority are transmitted first. The Array supports IEEE802.11e Wireless QoS for downstream traffic. Higher priority packets wait a shorter time before gaining access to the air and contend less with all other 802.11 devices on a channel. 21Spare 3 0 Excellent Effort42Controlled Load52Video6 3 Voice - requires delay <10ms7 (Highest priority) 3 (Highest priority) Network controlFROMArray QoS (Wireless)TOPriority Tag 802.1p (Wired)1 (Lowest priority) 1002 (Default) 53 (Highest priority) 6FROMPriority Tag 802.1p (Wired)TOArray QoS (Wireless)Typical Use

Wireless ArrayConfiguring the Wireless Array 251How QoS is set for a packet in case of conflicting values: a. If an SSID has a QoS setting, and an incoming wired packet’s user priority tag is mapped to a higher QoS value, then the higher QoS value is used.b. If a group or filter has a QoS setting, this overrides the QoS value above. See “Groups” on page 269, and “Filters” on page 351. c. Voice packets have the highest priority (see Voice Support, below). d. If DSCP to QoS Mapping Mode is enabled, the IP packet is mapped to QoS level 0 to 3 as specified in the DSCP Mappings table. This value overrides any of the settings in cases a to c above. In particular, by default:•DSCP 8 is set to QoS level 1.•DSCP 40 is typically used for video traffic and is set to QoS level 2.•DSCP 48 is typically used for voice traffic and is set to QoS level 3—the highest level•All other DSCP values are set to QoS level 0 (the lowest level—Best Effort).Packet Filtering QoS classification Filter rules can be used to redefine the QoS priority level to override defaults. See “Filter Management” on page 354. This allows the QoS priority level to be assigned based on protocol, source, or destination. Voice SupportThe QoS priority implementation on the Array give voice packets the highest priority to support voice applications.

Wireless Array252 Configuring the Wireless ArrayHigh Density 2.4G Enhancement—Honeypot SSIDSome situations pose problems for all wireless APs. For example, iPhones will remember every SSID and flood the airwaves with probes, even when the user doesn’t request or desire this behavior. In very high density deployments, these probes can consume a significant amount of the available wireless bandwidth. The Array offers a feature targeting this problem—a “honeypot” SSID. Simply create an SSID named honeypot (lower-case) on the Array, with no encryption or authentication (select None/Open). Once this SSID is created and enabled, it will respond to any station probe looking for a named open SSID (unencrypted and unauthenticated) that is not configured on the Array. It will make the station go through its natural authentication and association process. The following SSIDs are excluded from being honeypotted:Explicitly whitelisted SSIDs. See Step 23 on page 259.SSIDs that are encrypted and/or authenticated.SSIDs that are configured on this Array, whether or not they are enabled.Traffic for a station connected to the honeypot SSID may be handled in various ways using other Array features:it may be directed to WPR to display a splash page or offer the user the opportunity to sign in to your service (see “Web Page Redirect Configuration Settings” on page 260); it may be filtered (see “Filters” on page 351);or it may be dead-ended by defining a specific dead-end VLAN on the honeypot SSID to “trap” stations (see “VLANs” on page 199). Use the honeypot feature carefully as it could interfere with legitimate SSIDs and prevent clients from associating to another available network. You may define a whitelist of allowed SSIDs which are not to be honeypotted. See Step 23 on page 259.

Wireless ArrayConfiguring the Wireless Array 253SSID ManagementThis window allows you to manage SSIDs (create, edit and delete), assign security parameters and VLANs on a per SSID basis, and configure the Web Page Redirect functionality. Figure 138. SSID Management Create new SSID Configure parameters Set traffic limits / usage scheduleConfigure encryption/authenticationConfigure RADIUS server

Wireless Array254 Configuring the Wireless ArrayProcedure for Managing SSIDs 1. New SSID Name: To create a new SSID, enter a new SSID name to the left of the Create button (Figure 138), then click Create. SSID names are case sensitive and may only consist of the characters A-Z, a-z, 0-9, dash, and underscore. You may create up to 16 SSIDs (up to 8 on the XR-500 Series). You may create a special SSID named honeypot (lower-case) to reduce the amount of unnecessary traffic caused by stations probing for open SSID names that they have learned in the past—see “High Density 2.4G Enhancement—Honeypot SSID” on page 252. In this case, a Honeypot Service Whitelist Configuration section will appear below (see Step 23 on page 259). SSID List (top of page)2. SSID: Shows all currently assigned SSIDs. When you create a new SSID, the SSID name appears in this table. Click any SSID in this list to select it.3. On: Check this box to activate this SSID or clear it to deactivate it.4. Brdcast: Check this box to make the selected SSID visible to all clients on the network. Although the Wireless Array will not broadcast SSIDs that are hidden, clients can still associate to a hidden SSID if they know the SSID name to connect to it. Clear this box if you do not want this SSID to be visible on the network.5. Band: Choose which wireless band the SSID will be beaconed on. Select either 5 GHz — 802.11an, 2.4 GHz — 802.11bgn or Both.6. VLAN ID / Number: From the pull-down list, select a VLAN that you want this traffic to be forwarded to on the wired network. Select numericto enter the number of a previously defined VLAN in the Number field (see “VLANs” on page 199). This step is optional.7. QoS: (Optional) Select a value in this field for QoS (Quality of Service) priority filtering. The QoS value must be one of the following: •0 — The lowest QoS priority setting, where QoS makes its best effort at filtering and prioritizing data, video and voice traffic without

Wireless ArrayConfiguring the Wireless Array 255compromising the performance of the network. Use this setting in environments where traffic prioritization is not a concern.•1 — Medium, with QoS prioritization aggregated across all traffic types.•2 — High, normally used to give priority to video traffic.•3 — The highest QoS priority setting, normally used to give priority to voice traffic.The QoS setting you define here will prioritize wireless traffic for this SSID over other SSID traffic, as described in “Understanding QoS Priority on the Wireless Array” on page 247. The default value for this field is 2. 8. DHCP Pool: If you want to associate an internal DHCP pool to this SSID, choose the pool from the pull--down list. An internal DHCP pool must be created before it can be assigned. To create an internal DHCP pool, go to “DHCP Server” on page 196.9. Filter List: If you wish to apply a set a filters to this SSID’s traffic, select the desired Filter List. See “Filters” on page 351. 10. Authentication: The following authentication options are available: •Open: This option provides no authentication and is not recommended. •RADIUS MAC: Uses an external RADIUS server to authenticate stations onto the wireless network, based on the user’s MAC address. Accounting for these stations is performed according to the accounting options that you have configured specifically for this SSID or globally (see Step 12 below). •802.1x: Authenticates stations onto the wireless network via a RADIUS server using 802.1x with EAP. The RADIUS server can be internal (provided by the Wireless Array) or external. If this SSID is on a VLAN, the VLAN must have management turned on in order to pass CHAP authentication challenges from the client station to the RADIUS server.

Wireless Array256 Configuring the Wireless Array11. Encryption: From the pull-down list, choose the encryption that will be required — specific to this SSID — either None, WEP, WPA, WPA2 or WPA-Both. The None option provides no security and is not recommended; WPA2 provides the best practice Wi-Fi security. Each SSID supports only one encryption type at a time (except that WPA and WPA2 are both supported on an SSID if you select WPA-Both). If you need to support other encryption types, you must define additional SSIDs. The encryption standard used with WPA or WPA2 is selected in the Security>Global Settings window (page 230). For an overview of the security options, see “Security Planning” on page 47 and “Understanding Security” on page 209. 12. Global: Check this box if you want this SSID to use the security settings established at the global level (see “Global Settings” on page 230). Clear this box if you want the settings established here to take precedence. .Figure 139. SSID Management—Encryption, Authentication, AccountingAdditional sections will be displayed to allow you to configure encryption, RADIUS, and RADIUS accounting settings. The WPA Set EncryptionConfigure Radius, Accounting

Wireless ArrayConfiguring the Wireless Array 257Configuration encryption settings have the same parameters as those described in “Procedure for Configuring Network Security” on page 231. The external RADIUS and accounting settings are configured in the same way as for an external RADIUS server (see “Procedure for Configuring an External RADIUS Server” on page 235). Note that external RADIUS servers may be specified using IP addresses or domain names.13. Roaming: For this SSID, select whether to enable fast roaming between IAPs or Arrays at L2&L3 (Layer 2 and Layer 3), at L2 (Layer 2 only), or disable roaming (Off). You may only select fast roaming at Layers 2 and 3 if this has been selected in Global Settings (IAP). See “Understanding Fast Roaming” on page 278. 14. WPR (Web Page Redirect): Check the checkbox to enable the Web Page Redirect functionality, or clear it to disable this option. If enabled, WPR configuration fields will be displayed under the SSID Limits section. This feature may be used to provide an alternate mode of authentication, or to simply display a splash screen when a user first associates to the wireless network. After that, it can (optionally) redirect the user to an alternate URL. For example, some wireless devices and users may not have a correctly configured 802.1x (RADIUS) supplicant. Utilizing WPR’s Web-based login, users may be authenticated without using an 802.1x supplicant. See “Web Page Redirect Configuration Settings” on page 260 for details of WPR usage and configuration. You may specify “Whitelist” entries—a list of web sites to which users have unrestricted access, without needing to be redirected to the WPR page first. See “Whitelist Configuration for Web Page Redirect” on page 264 for details. 15. Fallback: Network Assurance checks network connectivity for the Array. When Network Assurance detects a failure, perhaps due to a bad link or WDS failure, if Fallback is set to Disable the Array will automatically disable this SSID. This will disassociate current clients, and prevent new When using WPR, it is particularly important to adhere to the SSID naming restrictions detailed in Step 1.

Wireless Array258 Configuring the Wireless Arrayclients from associating. Since the Array’s network connectivity has failed, this gives clients a chance to connect to other, operational parts of the wireless network. No changes are made to WDS configuration. See Step a on page 225 for more information on Network Assurance.16. Mobile Device Management (MDM): If you are an AirWatch customer and wish to have AirWatch manage mobile device access to the wireless network on this SSID, select AirWatch from the drop-down list. Before selecting this option, you must configure your AirWatch settings. See “AirWatch” on page 366. The lower part of the window contains a few sections of additional settings to configure for the currently selected SSID, depending on the values chosen for the settings described above.“SSID Limits” on page 258“Web Page Redirect Configuration Settings” on page 260“WPA Configuration Settings” on page 265“RADIUS Configuration Settings” on page 265SSID LimitsSee “Group Limits” on page 274 for a discussion of the interaction of SSID limits and group limits. To eliminate confusion, we recommend that you configure one set of limits or the other, but not both. 17. Stations: Enter the maximum number of stations allowed on this SSID. This step is optional. Note that the IAPs - Global Settings window also has a station limit option — Max Station Association per IAP, and the windows for Global Settings .11an and Global Settings .11bgn also have Max Stations settings. If multiple station limits are set, all will be enforced. As soon as any limit is reached, no new stations can associate until some other station has terminated its association. Note that you cannot use MDM and WPR on the same SSID.

Wireless ArrayConfiguring the Wireless Array 25918. Overall Traffic: Choose Unlimited if you do not want to place a restriction on the traffic for this SSID, or enter a value in the Packets/Secfield to force a traffic restriction.19. Traffic per Station: Choose Unlimited if you do not want to place a restriction on the traffic per station for this SSID, or enter a value in the Packets/Sec field or the Kbps field to force a traffic restriction. If you set both values, the Array will enforce the limit it reaches first.20. Days Active: Choose Everyday if you want this SSID to be active every day of the week, or select only the specific days that you want this SSID to be active. Days that are not checked are considered to be the inactive days.21. Time Active: Choose Always if you want this SSID active without interruption, or enter values in the Time On and Time Off fields to limit the time that this SSID is active. 22. Web Page Redirect Configuration: see “Web Page Redirect Configuration Settings” on page 260.23. Honeypot Service Whitelist Configuration: This section only appears if you have created an SSID named honeypot. You may define a whitelist of allowed SSIDs which are not to be honeypotted, as described in “High Density 2.4G Enhancement—Honeypot SSID” on page 252. Type in each SSID name, and click Create to add it to the whitelist. Up to 50 SSIDs may be listed. The SSID names entered in this list are not case-sensitive. You may use the “*” character as a wildcard to match any string at this position. For example, xir* matches any string that starts with XIR or xir. You may use a ? as a wildcard to match a single character by surrounding the SSID name in quotes. For example, “xirru?” will match any six-character long string that starts with xirru (again, the match is not case-sensitive). If you do not use a wildcard, then the SSID name entered must be matched exactly in order to be whitelisted (except that case is not considered). Use the honeypot feature carefully as it could interfere with legitimate SSIDs.

Wireless Array260 Configuring the Wireless Array24. To delete SSIDs, click their Delete buttons.25. Click Save changes to flash if you wish to make your changes permanent. Web Page Redirect Configuration Settings If you enable WPR, the SSID Management window displays additional fields that must be configured. For example configurations and complete examples, please see the Xirrus Web Page Redirect Application Note in the Xirrus Resource Center. If enabled, WPR displays a splash or login page when a user associates to the wireless network and opens a browser to any URL (provided the URL does not point to a resource directly on the user’s machine). The user-requested URL is captured, the user’s browser is redirected to the splash or login page, and then the browser is redirected either to your specified landing page, if any, or else back to the captured URL. The landing page may be specified for a user group as well. See “Group Management” on page 271. Note that if you change the management HTTPS port, WPR uses that port, too. See “HTTPS” on page 224. Figure 140. WPR Internal Splash Page Fields (SSID Management) Note that when users roam between Arrays, their WPR Authentication will follow them so that re-authentication is not required. You may select among five different modes for use of the Web Page Redirect feature, each displaying a different set of parameters that must be entered:Internal Login page

Wireless Array262 Configuring the Wireless Arraythe captured URL. If you want the user redirected to a specific landing page instead, enter its address in Landing Page URL. External Login pageThis option redirects the user to a login page on an external web server for authentication, instead of the first user-requested URL. Login information (user name and password) must be obtained by that page, and returned to the Array for authentication. Authentication occurs according to your configured RADIUS information. These parameters are configured as described in “Procedure for Configuring Network Security” on page 231, except that the RADIUS Authentication Type is selected here, as described below. After authentication, the browser is redirected back to the captured URL. If you want the user redirected to a specific landing page instead, enter its address in Landing Page URL. To set up external login page usage, set Server to External Login. Enter the URL of the external web server in Redirect URL, and enter that server’s shared secret in Redirect Secret. Select the RADIUS Authentication Type. This is the protocol used for authentication of users, CHAP or PAP (the default). •PAP (Password Authentication Protocol), is a simple protocol. PAP transmits ASCII passwords over the network “in the clear” (unencrypted) and is therefore considered insecure. •CHAP (Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol) is a more secure Protocol. The login request is sent using a one-way hash function.External Splash pageThis option displays a splash page instead of the first user-requested URL. The splash page files reside on an external web server. To set up external splash page usage, set Server to External Splash. Enter the URL of the external web server in Redirect URL, and enter that server’s shared secret in Redirect Secret.

Wireless ArrayConfiguring the Wireless Array 265Note the following details of the operation of this feature:The list is configured on a per-SSID basis. You must have WPR enabled for the SSID to see this section of the SSID Management page.When a station that has not yet passed the WPR login/splash page attempts to access one of the white-listed addresses, it will be allowed access to that site as many times as requested. The station will still be required to pass through the configured WPR flow for all other Internet addresses. The whitelist will work against all traffic -- not just http or httpsIndirect access to other web sites is not permitted. For example, if you add www.yahoo.com to the whitelist, you can see that page, but not all the ads that it attempts to display. The whitelist feature does not cause traffic to be redirected to the whitelist addresses.WPA Configuration Settings If you set Encryption for this SSID to one of the WPA selections (Step 11 on page 256) and you did not check the Global checkbox (Step 12), this section will be displayed. The WPA Configuration encryption settings have the same parameters as those described in “Procedure for Configuring Network Security” on page 231RADIUS Configuration Settings The RADIUS settings section will be displayed if you set Authentication (Step 10 on page 255) to RADIUS MAC and you did not check the Global checkbox (Step 12). This means that you wish to set up a RADIUS server to be used for this particular SSID. If Global is checked, then the security settings (including the RADIUS server, if any) established at the global level are used instead (see “Global Settings” on page 230). The RADIUS and accounting settings are configured in the same way as for an external RADIUS server (see “Procedure for Configuring an External RADIUS Server” on page 235).

Wireless Array266 Configuring the Wireless ArraySee AlsoDHCP ServerExternal RadiusGlobal Settings (IAP)Internal RadiusSecurity PlanningSSIDsUnderstanding QoS Priority on the Wireless ArrayAirWatchActive IAPsBy default, when a new SSID is created, that SSID is active on all IAPs. This window allows you to specify which IAPs will offer that SSID. Put differently, you can specify which SSIDs are active on each IAP.This feature is useful in conjunction with WDS. You may use this window to configure the WDS link IAPs so that only the WDS link SSIDs are active on them. Figure 143. Setting Active IAPs per SSIDProcedure for Specifying Active IAPs1. SSID: For a given SSID row, check off the IAPs on which that SSID is to be active. Uncheck any IAPs which should not offer that SSID. 2. All IAPs: This button, in the last column, may be used to deny this SSID on all IAPs. Click again to activate the SSID on all IAPs.

Wireless ArrayConfiguring the Wireless Array 2673. All SSIDs: This button, in the bottom row, may be used to activate all SSIDs on this IAP. Click again to deny all SSIDs on this IAP.4. Toggle All: This button, on the lower left, may be used to deny all SSIDs on all IAPs. Click again to activate all SSIDs on all IAPs.5. Click Save changes to flash if you wish to make your changes permanent. Per-SSID Access Control ListThis window allows you to enable or disable the use of the per-SSID Access Control List (ACL), which controls whether a station with a particular MAC address may associate to this SSID. You may create access control list entries and delete existing entries, and control the type of list. There is one ACL per SSID, and you may select whether its type is an Allow List or a Deny List, or whether use of this list is disabled. You may create up to 1000 entries per SSID.There is also a global ACL (see “Access Control List” on page 228). If the same MAC address is listed in both the global ACL and in an SSID’s ACL, and if either ACL would deny that station access to that SSID, then access will be denied.Figure 144. Per-SSID Access Control List

Wireless Array268 Configuring the Wireless ArrayProcedure for Configuring Access Control Lists1. SSID: Select the SSID whose ACL you wish to manage.2. Access Control List Type: Select Disabled to disable use of the Access Control List for this SSID, or select the ACL type — either Allow List or Deny List. •Allow List: Only allows the listed MAC addresses to associate to the Array. All others are denied.•Deny List: Denies the listed MAC addresses permission to associate to the Array. All others are allowed.3. MAC Address: If you want to add a MAC address to the ACL, enter the new MAC address here, then click the Add button. The MAC address is added to the ACL. You may use a wildcard (*) for one or more digits to match a range of addresses. Delete: You may delete selected MAC addresses from this list by clicking their Delete buttons.4. Delete All: This button, on the upper left, may be used to delete all the MAC entries in an ACL.5. Click Save changes to flash if you wish to make your changes permanent.In addition to these lists, other authentication methods (for example, RADIUS) are still enforced for users.

Wireless ArrayConfiguring the Wireless Array 269GroupsThis is a status-only window that allows you to review user (i.e., wireless client) Group assignments. It includes the group name, Radius ID, Device ID, VLAN IDs and QoS parameters and roaming layer defined for each group, and DHCP pools and web page redirect information defined for the group. You may click on a group’s name to jump to the edit page for the group. There are no configuration options available on this page, but if you are experiencing problems or reviewing group management parameters, you may want to print this page for your records.The Limits section of this window shows any limitations configured for your defined groups. For example, this window shows the current state of a group (enabled or disabled), how much group and per-station traffic is allowed, time on and time off, and days on and off.For information to help you understand groups, see Understanding Groupsbelow. For an in-depth discussion, please see the Xirrus User Groups Application Note in the Xirrus Resource Center. Figure 145. GroupsUnderstanding GroupsUser groups allow administrators to assign specific network parameters to users (wireless clients) through RADIUS privileges rather than having to map users to an SSID tailored for that set of privileges. Groups provide flexible control over user privileges without the need to create large numbers of SSIDs.

Wireless Array270 Configuring the Wireless ArrayA group allows you to define a set of parameter values to be applied to selected users. For example, you might define the user group Students, and set its VLAN, security parameters, web page redirect (WPR), and traffic limits. When a new user is created, you can apply all of these settings just by making the user a member of the group. The group allows you to apply a uniform configuration to a set of users in one step. In addition, you can restrict the group so that it only applies its settings to group members who are connecting using a specific device type, such as iPad or phone. Thus, you could define a group named Student-Phone with Device ID set to Phone, and set the group’s VLAN Number to 100. This group’s settings will only be applied to group members who connect using a phone, and they will all use VLAN 100. Note that settings for the group in the RADIUS server will override any settings on this WMI page.Almost all of the parameters that can be set for a group are the same as SSID parameters. This allows you to configure features at the user group level, rather than for an entire SSID. If you set parameter values for an SSID, and then enter different values for the same parameters for a user group, the user group values have priority (i.e., group settings will override SSID settings). Group names are case-sensitive and can contain up to 32 alphanumeric characters (do not include spaces when defining Groups).Using GroupsUser accounts are used to authenticate wireless clients that want to associate to the Array. These accounts are established in one of two ways, using the Security> Internal Radius window or the Security> External Radius window. In either case, you may select a user group for the user, and that user group’s settings will apply to the user:Internal Radius — when you add or modify a user entry, select a user group to which the user will belong.External Radius — when you add or modify a user account, specify the Radius ID for the user group to which the user will belong. This must be the same Radius ID that was entered in the Group Management window. When the user is authenticated, the external Radius server will send the

Wireless ArrayConfiguring the Wireless Array 271Radius ID to the Array. This will allow the Array to identify the group to which the user belongs. See Also External RadiusInternal RadiusSSIDsUnderstanding QoS Priority on the Wireless ArrayWeb Page Redirect Configuration SettingsUnderstanding Fast RoamingGroup ManagementThis window allows you to manage groups (create, edit and delete), assign usage limits and other parameters on a per group basis, and configure the Web Page Redirect functionality. Figure 146. Group Management

Wireless Array272 Configuring the Wireless ArrayProcedure for Managing Groups1. New Group Name: To create a new group, enter a new group name next to the Create button, then click Create. You may create up to 16 groups(up to 8 on the XR-500 Series). To configure and enable this group, proceed with the following steps.2. Group: This column lists currently defined groups. When you create a new group, the group name appears in this list. Click on any group to select it, and then proceed to modify it as desired. 3. Enabled: Check this box to enable this group or leave it blank to disable it. When a group is disabled, users that are members of the group will behave as if the group did not exist. In other words, the options configured for the SSID will apply to the users, rather than the options configured for the group. 4. Fallback: Network Assurance checks network connectivity for the Array. When Network Assurance detects a failure, perhaps due to a bad link or WDS failure, if Fallback is set to Disable the Array will automatically disable users in this group. This will disassociate current clients, and prevent them from re-associating. Since the Array’s network connectivity has failed, this gives clients a chance to connect to other, operational parts of the wireless network. See Step a on page 225 for more information on Network Assurance.5. Radius ID: Enter a unique Radius ID for the group, to be used on an external Radius server. When adding a user account to the external server, this Radius ID value should be entered for the user. When the user is authenticated, Radius sends this value to the Array. This tells the Array that the user is a member of the group having this Radius ID. 6. Device ID: You may select a device type from this drop-down list, for example, Notebook, phone, iPhone, or Android. This allows you to apply the group settings only if a station authenticates as a user that is a member of the group and the station’s device type matches Device ID. Select none if you do not want to consider the device type. If you have a Radius ID you should not enter a Device ID.

Wireless ArrayConfiguring the Wireless Array 2737. VLAN ID: (Optional) From the pull-down list, select a VLAN for this user’s traffic to use. Select numeric and enter the number of a previously defined VLAN (see “VLANs” on page 199). This user group’s VLAN settings supersede Dynamic VLAN settings (which are passed to the Array by the Radius server). To avoid confusion, we recommend that you avoid specifying the VLAN for a user in two places. 8. QoS Priority: (Optional) Select a value in this field for QoS (Quality of Service) priority filtering. The QoS value must be one of the following: •0 — The lowest QoS priority setting, where QoS makes its best effort at filtering and prioritizing data, video and voice traffic without compromising the performance of the network. Use this setting in environments where traffic prioritization is not a concern.•1 — Medium; QoS prioritization is aggregated across all traffic types.•2 — High, normally used to give priority to video traffic.•3 — The highest QoS priority setting, normally used to give priority to voice traffic.The QoS setting you define here will prioritize wireless traffic for this group versus other traffic, as described in “Understanding QoS Priority on the Wireless Array” on page 247. The default value for this field is 2. 9. DHCP Pool: (Optional) To associate an internal DHCP pool to this group, select it from the pull--down list. Only one pool may be assigned. An internal DHCP pool must be created before it can be assigned. To create a DHCP pool, go to “DHCP Server” on page 196.10. Filter List: (Optional) If you wish to apply a set of filters to this user group’s traffic, select the desired Filter List. See “Filters” on page 351. 11. Xirrus Roaming: (Optional) For this group, select roaming behavior. Select L2&L3 to enable fast roaming between IAPs or Arrays at Layer 2 and Layer 3. If you select L2, then roaming uses Layer 2 only. You may only select fast roaming at Layers 2 and 3 if this has been selected in Global Settings (IAP). You may select Off to disable fast roaming. See “Understanding Fast Roaming” on page 278.

Wireless Array274 Configuring the Wireless Array12. WPR (Web Page Redirect): (Optional) Check this box if you wish to enable the Web Page Redirect functionality. This will open a Web Page Redirect details section in the window, where your WPR parameters may be entered. This feature may be used to display a splash screen when a user first associates to the wireless network. After that, it can (optionally) redirect the user to an alternate URL. See “Web Page Redirect Configuration Settings” on page 260 for details of WPR configuration. Note that the Group Management window only allows you to set up an Internal Splash page and a Landing Page URL. The authentication options that are offered on the SSID Management page are not offered here. Since the group membership of a user is provided to the Array by a Radius server, this means the user has already been authenticated. You may create a WPR Whitelist on a per-group basis if you wish. See “Whitelist Configuration for Web Page Redirect” on page 264 for details of WPR Whitelist usage and configuration. Group LimitsThe Limits section allows you to limit the traffic or connection times allowed for this user group. Note that the IAPs — Global Settings window and the SSID management windows also have options to limit the number of stations, limit traffic, and/or limit connection times. If limits are set in more than one place, all limits will be enforced:As soon as any station limit is reached, no new stations can associate until some other station has terminated its association. As soon as any traffic limit is reached, it is enforced. If any connection date/time restriction applies, it is enforced. You can picture this as a logical AND of all restrictions. For example, suppose that a station’s SSID is available MTWTF between 8:00am and 5:00pm, and the User Group is available MWF between 6:00am and 8:00pm, then the station will be allowed on MWF between 8:00am and 5:00pm.To eliminate confusion, we recommend that you configure one set of limits or the other, but not both.

Wireless ArrayConfiguring the Wireless Array 27513. Stations: Enter the maximum number of stations allowed on this group. The default is 1536. 14. Overall Traffic: Check the Unlimited checkbox if you do not want to place a restriction on the traffic for this group, or enter a value in the Packets/Sec field and make sure that the Unlimited box is unchecked to force a traffic restriction.15. Traffic per Station: Check the Unlimited checkbox if you do not want to place a restriction on the traffic per station for this group, or enter a value in the Packets/Sec or Kbps field and make sure that the Unlimited box is unchecked to force a traffic restriction.16. Days Active: Choose Everyday if you want this group to be active every day of the week, or select only the specific days that you want this group to be active. Days that are not checked are considered to be the inactive days. 17. Time Active: Choose Always if you want this group active without interruption, or enter values in the Time On and Time Off fields to limit the time that group members may associate. 18. To delete an entry, click its Delete button. 19. Click Save changes to flash if you wish to make your changes permanent. See AlsoDHCP ServerExternal RadiusInternal RadiusSecurity PlanningSSIDs

Wireless Array276 Configuring the Wireless ArrayIAPsThis status-only window summarizes the status of the Integrated Access Points (radios). For each IAP, it shows whether it is up or down, the channel and wireless mode, the antenna that it is currently using, its cell size and transmit and receive power, how many users (stations) are currently associated to it, whether it is part of a WDS link, and its MAC address.Figure 147. IAPsThe Channel column displays some status information that is not found elsewhere: the source of a channel setting. (Figure 148) If you set a channel manually (via IAP Settings), it will be labeled as manual next to the channel number (Figure 148). If an autochannel operation changed a channel, then it is labeled as auto. If the channel is set to the current factory default setting, the source will be default. This column also shows whether the channel selection is locked, or whether the IAP was automatically switched to this channel because the Array detected the signature of radar in operation on a conflicting channel (see also, Step 8 on page 287). There are no configuration options in this window, but if you are experiencing problems or simply reviewing the IAP assignments, you may print this window for your records. Click any IAP name to open the associated configuration page.

Wireless ArrayConfiguring the Wireless Array 277Figure 148. Source of Channel Setting Arrays have a fast roaming feature, allowing them to maintain sessions for applications such as voice, even while users cross boundaries between Arrays. Fast roaming is set up in the Global Settings (IAP) window and is discussed in:“Understanding Fast Roaming” on page 278IAPs are configured using the following windows: “IAP Settings” on page 279“Global Settings (IAP)” on page 285“Global Settings .11an” on page 298“Global Settings .11bgn” on page 303“Global Settings .11n” on page 309“Global Settings .11u” on page 314“Global Settings .11ac” on page 312“Advanced RF Settings” on page 320“Hotspot 2.0” on page 329“NAI Realms” on page 331“NAI EAP” on page 332“Intrusion Detection” on page 334“LED Settings” on page 340“DSCP Mappings” on page 341

Wireless Array278 Configuring the Wireless Array“Roaming Assist” on page 342See AlsoIAP Statistics SummaryUnderstanding Fast Roaming To maintain sessions for real-time data traffic, such as voice and video, users must be able to maintain the same IP address through the entire session. With traditional networks, if a user crosses VLAN or subnet boundaries (i.e., roaming between domains), a new IP address must be obtained.Mobile wireless users are likely to cross multiple roaming domains during a single session (especially wireless users of VoIP phones). Layer 3 roaming allows a user to maintain the same IP address through an entire real-time data session. The user may be associated to any of the VLANs defined on the Array. The Layer 3 session is maintained by establishing a tunnel back to the originating Array. You should decide whether or not to use Layer 3 roaming based on your wired network design. Layer 3 roaming incurs extra overhead and may result in additional traffic delays. Fast Roaming is configured on two pages. To enable the fast roaming options that you want to make available on your Array, see Step 28 to Step 30 in “Global Settings (IAP)” on page 285. To choose which of the enabled options are used by an SSID or Group, see “Procedure for Managing SSIDs” on page 254 (Step 13) or “Procedure for Managing Groups” on page 272.

Wireless Array280 Configuring the Wireless ArrayFor all 802.11ac settings, go to “Global Settings .11ac” on page 312. Procedure for Manually Configuring IAPs1. In the Enabled column, check the box for an IAP to enable it, or uncheck the box if you want to disable the IAP.2. In the Band column, select the wireless band for this IAP from the choices available in the pull-down menu, either 2.4GHz or 5 GHz. Choosing the 5GHz band will automatically select an adjacent channel for bonding. If the band displayed is auto, the Band is about to be changed based on a new Channel selection that you made that requires the change. One of the IAPs must be set to monitor mode if you wish to support Spectrum Analyzer, Radio Assurance (loopback testing), and Intrusion Detection features. Monitoring has a Timeshare mode option, which is especially useful for small Arrays with two IAPs, such as the XR-500 and XR-600 Series, allowing one IAP to be shared between monitoring the airwaves for problems and providing services to stations. See RF Monitor Mode in “Advanced RF Settings” on page 320 to set this option. 3. In the WiFi Mode column, select the IEEE 802.11 wireless mode (or combination) that you want to allow on this IAP. The drop-down list will only display the appropriate choices for the selected Band. For example, the 5 GHz band allows you to select ac-only, anac, an, a-only, or n-only, while 2.4GHz includes 802.11b and 802.11g choices. When you select a WiFi Mode for an IAP, your selection in the Channel column will be checked to ensure that it is a valid choice for that WiFi Mode. By selecting appropriate WiFi Modes for the radios on your Arrays, you can greatly improve wireless network performance. For example, if you have 802.11n and 802.11ac stations using the same IAP, throughput on that radio is reduced greatly for the 802.11ac stations. By supporting For XR-520 Series Arrays only:—iap1 may be set to either band or to monitor (also see the Timeshare option in “RF Monitor” on page 321). —iap2 is permanently set to 5 GHz.

Wireless ArrayConfiguring the Wireless Array 281802.11n stations only on selected radios in your network, the rest of your 802.11ac IAPs will have greatly improved performance. Take care to ensure that your network provides adequate coverage for the types of stations that you need to support. 4. In the Channel column, select the channel you want this IAP to use from the channels available in the pull-down list. The list shows the channels available for the IAP selected (depending on which band the IAP is using). Channels that are shown in color indicate conditions that you need to keep in mind:•RED — Usage is not recommended, for example, because of overlap with neighboring radios. •YELLOW — The channel has less than optimum separation (some degree of overlap with neighboring radios). •GRAY — The channel is already in use. The channels that are available for assignment to an IAP will differ, depending on the country of operation. If Country is set to United Statesin the Global Settings (IAP) window, then 21 channels are available to 802.11an radios. 5. The Bond column works together with the channel bonding options selected on the Global Settings .11n page. Also see the discussion in “Channel Bonding” on page 40. Bonding is available on all Arrays, including two-radio models. For 802.11n, two 20MHz channels may be bonded to create one 40 MHz channel with double the data rate. 802.11ac offers an additional option to bond four 20MHz channels to create one 80MHz channel with four times the data rate. As mandated by FCC/IC law, Arrays continually scan for signatures of radar. If such a signature is detected, the Array will switch operation from conflicting channels to new ones. The Array will switch back to the original channel after 30 minutes if the channel is clear. If a radio was turned off because there were no available channels not affected by radar, the Array will now bring that radio back up after 30 minutes if that channel is clear. The 30 minute time frame complies with FCC/IC regulations.

Wireless Array282 Configuring the Wireless Array•Channel number — If a channel number appears, then this channel is already bonded to the listed channel. •Off — Do not bond his channel to another channel. •On — Bond this channel to an adjacent channel. The bonded channel is selected automatically by the Array based on the Channel (Step 4). The choice of banded channel is static — fixed once the selection is made. •+1 — Bond this channel to the next higher channel number. Auto Channel bonding does not apply. This option is only available for some of the channels, and only for 40MHz. •-1 — Bond this channel to the next lower channel number. Auto Channel bonding does not apply. This option is only available for some of the channels, and only for 40MHz. 6. Click the Lock check box if you want to lock in your channel selection so that an autochannel operation (see Advanced RF Settings) can’t change it. 7. In the Cell Size column, select auto to allow the optimal cell size to be automatically computed (see also, “RF Power & Sensitivity” on page 323). To set the cell size yourself, choose either small, medium, large, or max to use the desired pre-configured cell size, or choose manual to define the wireless cell size manually. If you choose Manual, you must specify the transmit and receive power — in dB — in the Tx dBm (transmit) and Rx dBm (receive) fields. The default is max. If you select a value other than auto, the cell size will not be affected by cell size auto configuration. Note that ultra low power Tx dBm settings are possible. Values from -15dB to 5dB are provided specifically to help in high density 2.4 GHz environments. When other Arrays are within listening range of this one, setting cell sizes to Auto allows the Array to change cell sizes so that coverage between cells is maintained. Each cell size is optimized to limit interference between sectors of other Arrays on the same channel. This eliminates the need for a network administrator to manually tune the size of each cell when installing multiple Arrays. In the event that an Array or a radio

Wireless ArrayConfiguring the Wireless Array 283goes offline, an adjacent Array can increase its cell size to help compensate. The number of users and their applications are major drivers of bandwidth requirements. The network architect must account for the number of users within the Array’s cell diameter. In a large office, or if multiple Arrays are in use, you may choose Small cells to achieve a higher data rate, since walls and other objects will not define the cells naturally. For additional information about cell sizes, go to “Coverage and Capacity Planning” on page 30.8. If you are using WDS to provide backhaul over an extended distance, use WDS Dist. (Miles) to prevent timeout problems associated with long transmission times. Set the approximate distance in miles between this IAP and the connected Array in this column. This increases the wait time for frame transmission accordingly. 9. In the Antenna Select column, choose the antenna you want this radio to use from the pull-down list. The list of available antennas will be different (or no choice will be allowed), depending on the Array model and on the wireless mode you selected for the IAP. In some cases the antenna type may be fixed—for example, the XR-500 Series only offers internal, omni-directional antennas.10. If desired, enter a description for this IAP in the Description field.

Wireless Array284 Configuring the Wireless Array11. You may reset all of the enabled IAPs by clicking the Reset Channelsbutton at the bottom of the list. A message will inform you that all enabled radios have been taken down and brought back up. 12. Buttons at the bottom of the list allow you to Enable All IAPs or Disable All IAPs. 13. Click Save changes to flash if you wish to make your changes permanent.See AlsoCoverage and Capacity PlanningGlobal Settings (IAP)Global Settings .11anGlobal Settings .11bgnGlobal Settings .11nIAPsIAP Statistics SummaryLED Settings

Wireless ArrayConfiguring the Wireless Array 285Global Settings (IAP) Figure 150. Global Settings (IAPs)

Wireless Array286 Configuring the Wireless ArrayThis window allows you to establish global IAP settings. Global IAP settings include enabling or disabling all IAPs (regardless of their operating mode), and changing settings for beacons, station management, and advanced traffic optimization — including multicast processing, load balancing, and roaming. Changes you make on this page are applied to all IAPs, without exception.Procedure for Configuring Global IAP Settings1. Country: This is a display-only value. Once a country has been set, it may not be changed. The channels that are available for assignment to an IAP will differ, depending on the country of operation. If Country is set to United States, then 21 channels are available for 802.11a/n. If no country is displayed, the channel set defaults to channels and power levels that are legal worldwide — this set only includes the lower eight 5 GHz channels. 2. IAP Control: Click on the Enable All IAPs button to enable all IAPs for this Array, or click on the Disable All IAPs button to disable all IAPs.3. Short Retries: This sets the maximum number of transmission attempts for a frame, the length of which is less than or equal to the RTS Threshold, before a failure condition is indicated. The default value is 7. Enter a new value (1 to 128) in the Short Retry Limit field if you want to increase or decrease this attribute.4. Long Retries: This sets the maximum number of transmission attempts for a frame, the length of which is greater than the RTS Threshold, before a failure condition is indicated. The default value is 4. Enter a new value (1 to 128) in the Long Retry Limit field if you want to increase or decrease this attribute.5. Wi-Fi Alliance Mode: Set this On if you need Array behavior to conform completely to Wi-Fi Alliance standards. This mode is normally set to Off.

Wireless ArrayConfiguring the Wireless Array 287Beacon Configuration6. Beacon Interval: When the Array sends a beacon, it includes with it a beacon interval, which specifies the period of time before it will send the beacon again. Enter the desired value in the Beacon Interval field, between 20 and 1000 Kusecs. A Kusec is 1000 microseconds = 1 millisecond. The value you enter here is applied to all IAPs.7. DTIM Period: A DTIM (Delivery Traffic Indication Message) is a signal sent as part of a beacon by the Array to a client device in sleep mode, alerting the device to broadcast traffic awaiting delivery. The DTIM Period is a multiple of the Beacon Interval, and it determines how often DTIMs are sent out. By default, the DTIM period is 1, which means that it is the same as the beacon interval. Enter the desired multiple, between 1 and 255. The value you enter here is applied to all IAPs.8. 802.11h Beacon Support: This option enables beacons on all of the Array’s radios to conform to 802.11h requirements, supporting dynamic frequency selection (DFS) and transmit power control (TPC) to satisfy regulatory requirements for operation in Europe. 9. 802.11k Beacon Support: 802.11k offers faster and more efficient roaming. When enabled, each beacon lists the channels that nearby APs offer. This supports improved channel scanning, resulting in faster roam times and increased battery life due to shorter scan times since the station knows where to look for nearby APs. The Array will also respond to requests from stations for an 802.11K Neighbor Report with additional information about nearby APs. This setting is disabled by default. 10. WMM Power Save: Click On to enable Wireless Multimedia Power Save support, as defined in IEEE802.11e. This option saves power and increases battery life by allowing the client device to doze between packets to save power, while the Array buffers downlink frames. The default setting is On. 11. WMM ACM Video: Click On to enable Wireless Multimedia Admission Control for video traffic. When admission control for video is enabled, the Array evaluates a video request from a client device against the network

Wireless Array288 Configuring the Wireless Arrayload and channel conditions. If the network is not congested, it accepts the request and grants the client the medium time for its traffic stream. Otherwise, it rejects the request. This enables the Array to maintain QoS when the WLAN becomes congested after a connection has already been established. Some clients contain sufficient intelligence to decide to either delay the traffic stream, associate with a different AP, or establish a best-effort traffic stream outside the operation of WMM-Admission Control. The default setting is Off. Note that the QoS priority of traffic queues is voice, video, best effort, background—this gives the highest priority to voice transmissions. 12. WMM ACM Voice: Click On to enable Wireless Multimedia Admission Control for voice calls. As for WMM ACM Video above, when admission control for voice is enabled, the Array evaluates a voice request from a client device against the network load and channel conditions. If the network is not congested, it accepts the request and grants the client the medium time for its call. Otherwise, it rejects the request. Some clients contain sufficient intelligence to decide to either delay the traffic stream, associate with a different AP, or establish a best-effort traffic stream outside the operation of WMM-Admission Control. The default setting is Off. Station Management13. Station Re-Authentication Period: This specifies an interval (in seconds) for station reauthentications. This is the minimum time period between station authentication attempts, enforced by the Array. This feature is part of the Xirrus Advanced RF Security Manager (RSM). 14. Station Timeout Period: Specify a time (in seconds) in this field to define the timeout period for station associations.15. Max Station Association per Array: This option allows you to define how many station associations are allowed per Array, or enter unlimited. Note that the Max Station Association per IAP limit (below) may not be

Wireless ArrayConfiguring the Wireless Array 289exceeded, so entering unlimited, in practice, will stop at the per-IAP limit. If you have an unlicensed Array, this value is set to 1, which simply allows you to test the ability to connect to the Array. 16. Max Station Association per IAP: This defines how many station associations are allowed per IAP. The maximum is 240 (up to 120 on the XR-500 Series). Note that the SSIDs > SSID Management window also has a station limit option — Station Limit, and the windows for Global Settings .11an and Global Settings .11bgn also have Max Stations settings.If multiple station limits are set, all will be enforced. As soon as any limit is reached, no new stations can associate until some other station has terminated its association. 17. Block Inter-Station Traffic: This option allows you to block or allow traffic between wireless clients that are associated to the Array. Choose either Yes (to block traffic) or No (to allow traffic).18. Allow Over Air Management: Choose Yes to enable management of the Array via the IAPs, or choose No (recommended) to disable this feature. Advanced Traffic Optimization19. Multicast Processing: This sets how multicast traffic is handled. Multicast traffic can be received by a number of subscribing stations at the same time, thus saving a great deal of bandwidth. In some of the options below, the Array uses IGMP snooping to determine the stations that are subscribed to the multicast traffic. IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) is used to establish and manage the membership of multicast groups. Multicast handling options are only applicable to traffic transmitted from the Array to wireless stations. Select one of the following options:•Send multicasts unmodified. This is useful when multicast is not needed because no video or audio streaming is required or when it is used only for discovering services in the network. Some situations where you might use this option are:

Wireless ArrayConfiguring the Wireless Array 291(mDNS) are in use. For example, Apple Bonjour finds local network devices such as printers or other computers using mDNS. By default, the list contains the IPv4 multicast address for Apple Bonjour mDNS: 224.0.0.251. To add a new IP address to the list, type it in the top field and click the Add button to its right. You may only enter IP addresses—host names are not allowed. This is because mDNS is a link local multicast address, and does not require IGMP to the gateway. To remove an entry, select it in the list and click Delete. To remove allentries from the list, click Reset. 21. Multicast Forwarding Multicast Forwarding is a Xirrus feature that forwards selected multicast traffic between wired VLANs and wireless SSIDs. For example, Apple devices use mDNS to advertise and find services, using local network multicasts that are not routed. This creates an issue when you are using Apple devices on the Wireless LAN, and have other devices that provide services connected on the wired infrastructure in a different VLAN, for example, printers and AppleTV devices. One way to address this issue is to set up multicast forwarding between the wireless SSID and the wired VLAN. This requires the wired VLAN to be trunked to the Array. Once configured correctly, mDNS traffic will be forwarded from the specified wireless network(s) to the specified wired VLANs and vice-versa, subject to any mDNS service filtering defined (Step 23). Use multicast forwarding together with multicast VLAN forwarding (Step 22) and mDNS filtering (Step 23) to make services available across VLANs as follows:•In Multicast Forwarding Addresses, enter a list of multicast addresses that you want forwarded, for example, 224.0.0.251 (the multicast address for Bonjour). •In Multicast VLAN Forwarding, enter a list of VLANs that participate in the multicast forwarding.

Wireless Array292 Configuring the Wireless Array•In MDNS Filter, specify the mDNS service types that are allowed to be forwarded. •If you leave this field blank, then there is no filter, and mDNS packets for all service types are passed. •If you enter service types, then this acts as an allow filter, and mDNS packets are passed only for the listed service types. Note that mDNS filtering may be used to filter the mDNS packet types that are forwarded within the same VLAN. Also, in conjunction with multicast forwarding, it may be used to filter the mDNS packet types that are forwarded across configured VLANs.After you have entered these settings, when multicast packets arrive from the wired network from one of the Multicast Forwarding Addresses on any VLAN specified in Multicast VLAN Forwarding, they are forwarded to the corresponding wireless SSID for that VLAN.Multicast packets coming in from the wireless network on an SSID tied to one of the specified VLANs and matching one of the Multicast Forwarding Addresses are forwarded to the specified VLANs on the wired network. No modifications are made to the forwarded packets – they are just forwarded between specified VLANs and associated SSIDs.To specify Multicast Forwarding Addresses: enter each IP address in the top field and click the Add button to its right. You may only enter IPv4 multicast addresses - host names are not allowed. To remove an entry, Xirrus strongly recommends the use of MDNS Filters (Step 23) when using multicast forwarding. Only allow required services to be forwarded.Carefully monitor results, as forwarding may flood your network with multicast traffic. Experience has shown Bonjour devices to be very chatty. Also note that since this is link local multicast traffic, it will be sent to every wired port in the VLAN, as IGMP snooping does not work with link local multicast addresses.

Wireless ArrayConfiguring the Wireless Array 293select it in the list and click Delete. To remove all entries from the list, click Reset. 22. Multicast VLAN Forwarding: This is a list of VLANs that participate in the multicast forwarding. Please see the description of multicast forwarding in Step 21 above.To add a new VLAN to the list, enter its number or name in the top field and click the Add button to its right. You may enter multiple VLANs at once, separated by a space. To remove an entry, select it in the list and click Delete. To remove all entries from the list, click Reset. These VLANs must be trunked to the Array from the LAN switch, and be defined on the Array. See “VLAN Management” on page 201 and “SSID Management” on page 253. The VLANs you enter must be explicitly defined (see “VLANs” on page 199) in order to participate in multicast forwarding. In fact, the Array discards packets from undefined VLANs. Note that Multicast Forwarding and mDNS Filtering capabilities also work if both devices are wireless. For example, let’s say that AppleTV is using wireless to connect to an SSID that is associated with VLAN 56, and the wireless client is on an SSID that is associated with VLAN 58. Normally the wireless client would not be able to use Bonjour to discover the AppleTV because they are on separate VLANs. But if you add 224.0.0.251 to the Multicast Forwarding Addresses, then add VLANs 56 and 58 to the Multicast VLAN Forwarding list, then the wireless client will be able to discover the AppleTV. In this same scenario you could add AppleTV to the MDNS Filter list so that only MDNS packets for the AppleTV service type would be forwarded between VLANs 56 and 58.Note that all the VLANs that you add to this list do not have to be associated with SSIDs. As an example, say that AppleTV is on the wired network on VLAN 56, while the wireless device is connected to an SSID that is associated to VLAN 58. In this case, VLAN 56 and 58 need to be defined on the Array but only VLAN 58 needs to be associated to a SSID.

Wireless Array294 Configuring the Wireless Array23. MDNS Filter: There are many different types of services that may be specified in multicast query and response packets. The mDNS filters let you restrict forwarding, so that multicast packets are forwarded only for the services that you explicitly specify. This list may be used to restrict the amount of Apple Bonjour multicast traffic forwarding. For example, you may restrict forwarding to just AppleTV and printing services. Please see the description of multicast forwarding in Step 21 above. The MDNS Filter operates as follows: •If you leave this field blank, then there is no filter, and mDNS packets for all service types are passed. •If you enter service types, then this acts as an allow filter, and mDNS packets are passed only for the listed service types. To add an mDNS packet type to the list of packets that may be forwarded, select it from the drop-down list in the top field and click the Add button to its right. The drop-down list offers packet types such as AirTunes, Apple-TV, iChat, iPhoto, iTunes, iTunes-Home-Sharing, Internet-Printing, Mobile-Device-Sync, and Secure-Telnet. For example, to allow mirroring of an iPad on an Apple-TV, select Apple-TV.You may define your own type if you do not see the service you want in the drop-down list. Simply enter the mDNS service name that you would like to allow through. Custom mDNS packet types must be prefixed with an underscore, e.g., _airvideoserver. To remove an entry, select it in the list and click Delete. To remove allentries from the list, click Reset. 24. Broadcast Rates: This changes the rates of broadcast traffic sent by the Array (including beacons). When set to Optimized, each broadcast or multicast packet that is transmitted on each radio is sent at the lowest transmit rate used by any client associated to that radio at that time. This results in each IAP broadcasting at the highest Array TX data rate that can be heard by all associated stations, improving system performance. The rate is determined dynamically to ensure the best broadcast/multicast

Wireless ArrayConfiguring the Wireless Array 295performance possible. The benefit is dramatic. Consider a properly designed network (having -70db or better everywhere), where virtually every client should have a 54Mbps connection. In this case, broadcasts and multicasts will all go out at 54Mbps vs. the standard rate. Thus, with broadcast rate optimization on, broadcasts and multicasts use between 2% and 10% of the bandwidth that they would in Standard mode.When set to Standard (the default), broadcasts are sent out at the lowest basic rate only — 6 Mbps for 5GHz clients, or 1 Mbps for 2.4GHz clients. The option you select here is applied to all IAPs.25. Load Balancing: The Xirrus Wireless Array supports an automatic load balancing feature designed to distribute wireless stations across multiple radios rather than having stations associate to the closest radios with the strongest signal strength, as they normally would. In wireless networks, the station decides to which radio it will associate. The Array cannot actually force load balancing, however the Array can “encourage” stations to associate in a more uniform fashion across all of the radios of the Array. This option enables or disables active load balancing between the Array IAPs. For an in-depth discussion, see the Xirrus Station Load Balancing Application Note in the Xirrus Resource Center. If you select On and an IAP is overloaded, that IAP will send an “AP Full” message in response to Probe, Association, or Authentication requests. This prevents determined clients from forcing their way onto overloaded IAPs. Note that some clients are so determined to associate to a particular IAP that they will not try to associate to another IAP, and thus they never get on the network.Choose Off to disable load balancing. 26. ARP Filtering: Address Resolution Protocol finds the MAC address of a device with a given IP address by sending out a broadcast message requesting this information. ARP filtering allows you to reduce the proliferation of ARP messages by restricting how they are forwarded across the network. You may select from the following options for handling ARP requests:

Wireless Array296 Configuring the Wireless Array•Off: ARP filtering is disabled. ARP requests are broadcast to radios that have stations associated to them. •Pass-thru: The Array forwards the ARP request. It passes along only ARP messages that target the stations that are associated to it. This is the default value. •Proxy: The Array replies on behalf of the stations that are associated to it. The ARP request is not broadcast to the stations. Note that the Array has a broadcast optimization feature that is always on (it is not configurable). Broadcast optimization restricts all broadcast packets (not just ARP broadcasts) to only those radios that need to forward them. For instance, if a broadcast comes in from VLAN 10, and there are no VLAN 10 users on a radio, then that radio will not send out that broadcast. This increases available air time for other traffic.27. IPv6 Filtering: this setting allows blocking of IPv6 traffic which may be a concern for IT managers. The Xirrus Array currently bridges IPv6 traffic. Set IPv6 filtering On if you wish to prevent the forwarding of IPv6 packets through the Array in both directions—wired network to wireless and wireless network to wired. The default is Off. 28. Xirrus Roaming Layer: Select whether to enable roaming capabilities between IAPs or Arrays at Layer 2 and 3, or at Layer 2 only. Depending on your wired network, you may wish to allow fast roaming at Layer 3. This may result in delayed traffic. 29. Xirrus Roaming Mode: This feature utilizes the Xirrus Roaming Protocol (XRP) ensuring fast and seamless roaming capabilities between IAPs or Arrays at Layer 2 and Layer 3 (as specified in Step 30), while maintaining security. Fast roaming eliminates long delays for re-authentication, thus supporting time-sensitive applications such as Voice over Wi-Fi (see “Understanding Fast Roaming” on page 278 for a discussion of this feature). XRP uses a discovery process to identify other Xirrus Arrays as fast roaming targets. This process has two modes:•Broadcast — the Array uses a broadcast technique to discover other Arrays that may be targets for fast roaming.

Wireless ArrayConfiguring the Wireless Array 297•Tunneled — in this Layer 3 technique, fast roaming target Arrays must be explicitly specified. To enable fast roaming, choose Broadcast or Tu n n e le d , and set additional fast roaming attributes (Step 30). To disable fast roaming, choose Off. If you enable Fast Roaming, the following ports cannot be blocked:•Port 22610 — reserved for Layer 2 roaming using UDP to share PMK information between Arrays.•Ports 15000 to 17999 — reserved for Layer 3 roaming (tunneling between subnets).30. Share Roaming Info With: Three options allow your Array to share roaming information with all Arrays; just with those that are within range; or with specifically targeted Arrays. Choose either All, In Rangeor Targ et O nly, respectively.a. Xirrus Roaming Targets: If you chose Tar ge t O nl y, use this option to add target MAC addresses. Enter the MAC address of each target Array, then click on Add (add as many targets as you like). To find a target’s MAC address, open the Array Info window on the target Array and look for IAP MAC Range, then use the starting address of this range. To delete a target, select it from the list, then click Delete.See AlsoCoverage and Capacity PlanningGlobal Settings .11anGlobal Settings .11bgnGlobal Settings .11nAdvanced RF SettingsIAPsIAP Statistics SummaryLED SettingsIAP Settings

Wireless Array298 Configuring the Wireless ArrayGlobal Settings .11anThis window allows you to establish global 802.11a IAP settings. These settings include defining which 802.11a data rates are supported, enabling or disabling all 802.11an IAPs, auto-configuration of channel allocations for all 802.11an IAPs, and specifying the fragmentation and RTS thresholds for all 802.11an IAPs.Figure 151. Global Settings .11anProcedure for Configuring Global 802.11an IAP Settings1. 802.11a Data Rates: The Array allows you to define which data rates are supported for all 802.11an radios. Select (or deselect) data rates by clicking in the corresponding Supported and Basic data rate check boxes. •Basic Rate — a wireless station (client) must support this rate in order to associate.•Supported Rate — data rates that can be used to transmit to clients.

Wireless ArrayConfiguring the Wireless Array 2992. Data Rate Presets: The Wireless Array can optimize your 802.11a data rates automatically, based on range or throughput. Click Optimize Rangeto optimize data rates based on range, or click Optimize Throughput to optimize data rates based on throughput. The Restore Defaults button will take you back to the factory default rate settings.3. 802.11a IAP Control: Click Enable 802.11a IAPs to enable all 802.11an IAPs for this Array, or click Disable 802.11a IAPs to disable all 802.11an IAPs.4. Channel Configuration: Click Auto Configure to instruct the Array to determine the best channel allocation settings for each 802.11an IAP and select the channel automatically, based on changes in the environment. This is the recommended method for 802.11a channel allocation (see “RF Spectrum Management” on page 324). Click Factory Defaults if you wish to instruct the Array to return all IAPs to their factory preset channels. As of release 6.3, Arrays no longer all use the same factory preset values for channel assignments. Instead, if the Array has been deployed for a while and already has data from the spectrum analyzer and Xirrus Roaming Protocol about channel usage on neighboring Arrays, it performs a quick auto channel using that information (without doing a full RF scan) to make an intelligent choice of channel assignments. If the Array has been rebooted and has no saved configuration or is just being deployed for the first time, it has no prior data about its RF environment. In this case, it will pick a set of compatible channel assignments at random. The following options may be selected for auto configuration: On the XR-500 and XR-1000 Series Arrays, the Factory Defaults button will not restore iap1 to monitor mode. You will need to restore this setting manually. Also, you may need to set Timeshare Mode again - see “RF Monitor” on page 321.

Wireless Array300 Configuring the Wireless Array•Non-Radar: give preference to channels that are not required to use dynamic frequency selection (DFS) to avoid communicating in the same frequency range as some radar (also see Step 8 on page 287). •Negotiate: negotiate air-time with other Arrays before performing a full scan.•Full Scan: perform a full traffic scan on all channels on all IAPs to determine the best channel allocation.•Include WDS: automatically assign 5GHz to WDS client links.5. Set Cell Size: Cell Size may be set globally for all 802.11an IAPs to Auto, Large, Medium, Small, or Max using the buttons. Channels Required to Use DFS Radar Avoidance in USA36+40 Non-radar 116+120 DFS required 44+48 Non-radar 124+128 DFS required 52+56 DFS required 132+136 DFS required60+64 DFS required 149+153 Non-radar100+104 DFS required 157+161 Non-radar108+112 DFS requiredTo use the Auto Cell Size feature, the following additional settings are required: RF Monitor Mode must be turned On. See “RF Monitor” on page 321 One of the radios must be in monitor mode with the default RxdBm setting of -95, and all other IAPs that will use Auto Cell must have Cell Size set to auto. See “Procedure for Manually Configuring IAPs” on page 280.

Wireless ArrayConfiguring the Wireless Array 301For an overview of RF power and cell size settings, please see “RF Power & Sensitivity” on page 323, “Capacity and Cell Sizes” on page 32, and “Fine Tuning Cell Sizes” on page 33. 6. Auto Cell Period (seconds): You may set up auto-configuration to run periodically, readjusting optimal cell sizes for the current conditions. Enter a number of seconds to specify how often auto-configuration will run. If you select None, then auto-configuration of cell sizing will not be run periodically. You do not need to run Auto Cell often unless there are a lot of changes in the environment. If the RF environment is changing often, running Auto Cell every twenty-four hours (86400 seconds) should be sufficient). The default value is None.7. Auto Cell Size Overlap (%): Enter the percentage of cell overlap that will be allowed when the Array is determining automatic cell sizes. For 100% overlap, the power is adjusted such that neighboring Arrays that hear each other best will hear each other at -70dB. For 0% overlap, that number is -90dB. The default value is 50%.8. Auto Cell Min Cell Size: Use this setting if you wish to set the minimum cell size that Auto Cell may assign. The values are Default, Large, Medium, or Small.9. Auto Cell Min Tx Power (dBm): Enter the minimum transmit power that the Array can assign to a radio when adjusting automatic cell sizes. The default value is 10.10. Auto Cell Configuration: Click this button to instruct the Array to determine and set the best cell size for each 802.11an IAP whose Cell Sizeis auto on the IAP Settings window, based on changes in the environment. This is the recommended method for setting cell size. You may look at the Tx and Rx values on the IAP Settings window to view the cell size settings that were applied. 11. Fragmentation Threshold: This is the maximum size for directed data packets transmitted over the 802.11an radio. Larger frames fragment into several packets, their maximum size defined by the value you enter here.

Wireless Array302 Configuring the Wireless ArraySmaller fragmentation numbers can help to “squeeze” packets through in noisy environments. Enter the desired Fragmentation Threshold value in this field, between 256 and 2346.12. RTS Threshold: The RTS (Request To Send) Threshold specifies the packet size. Packets larger than the RTS threshold will use CTS/RTS prior to transmitting the packet — useful for larger packets to help ensure the success of their transmission. Enter a value between 1 and 2347.13. Max Stations: This defines how many station associations are allowed per 802.11an IAP. Note that the IAPs > Global Settings window and SSIDs — SSID Management window also have station limit settings — Max Station Association per IAP (page 289) and Station Limit(page 258), respectively. If multiple station limits are set, all will be enforced. As soon as any limit is reached, no new stations can associate until some other station has terminated its association. See AlsoCoverage and Capacity PlanningGlobal Settings (IAP)Global Settings .11bgnGlobal Settings .11nIAPsIAP Statistics SummaryAdvanced RF SettingsIAP Settings

Wireless ArrayConfiguring the Wireless Array 303Global Settings .11bgnThis window allows you to establish global 802.11b/g IAP settings. These settings include defining which 802.11b and 802.11g data rates are supported, enabling or disabling all 802.11b/g IAPs, auto-configuring 802.11b/g IAP channel allocations, and specifying the fragmentation and RTS thresholds for all 802.11b/g IAPs.Figure 152. Global Settings .11bgn

Wireless Array304 Configuring the Wireless ArrayProcedure for Configuring Global 802.11b/g IAP Settings1. 802.11g Data Rates: The Array allows you to define which data rates are supported for all 802.11g radios. Select (or deselect) 11g data rates by clicking in the corresponding Supported and Basic data rate check boxes.•Basic Rate — a wireless station (client) must support this rate in order to associate.•Supported Rate — data rates that can be used to transmit to clients. 2. 802.11b Data Rates: This task is similar to Step 1, but these data rates apply only to 802.11b IAPs.3. Data Rate Presets: The Wireless Array can optimize your 802.11b/g data rates automatically, based on range or throughput. Click Optimize Rangebutton to optimize data rates based on range, or click on the Optimize Throughput to optimize data rates based on throughput. Restore Defaults will take you back to the factory default rate settings.4. 802.11b/g IAP Control: Click Enable All 802.11b/g IAPs to enable all 802.11b/g IAPs for this Array, or click Disable All 802.11b/g IAPs to disable them. 5. Channel Configuration: Click Auto Configure to instruct the Array to determine the best channel allocation settings for each 802.11b/g IAP and select the channel automatically, based on changes in the environment. This is the recommended method for channel allocation (see “RF Spectrum Management” on page 324). Click Factory Defaults if you wish to instruct the Array to return all IAPs to their factory preset channels. As of release 6.3, Arrays no longer all use the same factory preset values for channel assignments. Instead, if the Array has been deployed for a while and already has data from the spectrum analyzer and Xirrus Roaming Protocol about channel usage on neighboring Arrays, it performs a quick auto channel using that information (without doing a full RF scan) to make an intelligent choice of channel assignments. If the Array has been rebooted and has no saved configuration or is just being deployed for the first time, it has no prior

Wireless ArrayConfiguring the Wireless Array 305data about its RF environment. In this case, it will pick a set of compatible channel assignments at random. The following options may be selected for auto configuration: •Negotiate: negotiate air-time with other Arrays before performing a full scan.•Full Scan: perform a full traffic scan on all channels on all IAPs to determine the best channel allocation.•Non-Radar: give preference to channels without radar-detect. See table in “Procedure for Configuring Global 802.11an IAP Settings” on page 298.•Include WDS: automatically assign 5GHz to WDS client links.6. Set Cell Size/ Autoconfigure: Cell Size may be set globally for all 802.11b/g IAPs to auto, large, medium, small, or max using the drop down menu. For an overview of RF power and cell size settings, please see “RF Power & Sensitivity” on page 323, “Capacity and Cell Sizes” on page 32, and “Fine Tuning Cell Sizes” on page 33. On the XR-500 and XR-1000 Series Arrays, the Factory Defaults button will not restore iap1 to monitor mode. You will need to restore this setting manually. Also, you may need to set Timeshare Mode again - see “RF Monitor” on page 321. To use the Auto Cell Size feature, the following additional settings are required: RF Monitor Mode must be turned On. See “RF Monitor” on page 321 One of the radios must be in monitor mode with the default RxdBm setting of -95, and all other IAPs that will use Auto Cell must have Cell Size set to auto. See “Procedure for Manually Configuring IAPs” on page 280.

Wireless Array306 Configuring the Wireless Array7. Auto Cell Period (seconds): You may set up auto-configuration to run periodically, readjusting optimal cell sizes for the current conditions. Enter a number of seconds to specify how often auto-configuration will run. If you select None, then auto-configuration of cell sizing will not be run periodically. You do not need to run Auto Cell often unless there are a lot of changes in the environment. If the RF environment is changing often, running Auto Cell every twenty-four hours (86400 seconds) should be sufficient). The default value is None.8. Auto Cell Size Overlap (%): Enter the percentage of cell overlap that will be allowed when the Array is determining automatic cell sizes. For 100% overlap, the power is adjusted such that neighboring Arrays that hear each other best will hear each other at -70dB. For 0% overlap, that number is -90dB. The default value is 50%.9. Auto Cell Min Cell Size: Use this setting if you wish to set the minimum cell size that Auto Cell may assign. The values are Default, Large, Medium, or Small.10. Auto Cell Min Tx Power (dBm): Enter the minimum transmit power that the Array can assign to a radio when adjusting automatic cell sizes. The default value is 10.11. Auto Cell Configuration: Click Auto Configure to instruct the Array to determine and set the best cell size for each enabled 802.11b/g IAP whose Cell Size is auto on the IAP Settings window, based on changes in the environment. This is the recommended method for setting cell size. You may look at the Tx and Rx values on the IAP Settings window to view the cell size settings that were applied. 12. 802.11g Only: Choose On to restrict use to 802.11g mode only. In this mode, no 802.11b rates are transmitted. Stations that only support 802.11b will not be able to associate.13. 802.11g Protection: You should select Auto CTS or Auto RTS to provide automatic protection for all 802.11g radios in mixed networks (802.11 b and g). You may select Off to disable this feature, but this is not recommended. Protection allows 802.11g stations to share an IAP with

Wireless ArrayConfiguring the Wireless Array 307older, slower 802.11b stations. Protection avoids collisions by preventing 802.11b and 802.11g stations from transmitting simultaneously. When Auto CTS or Auto RTS is enabled and any 802.11b station is associated to the IAP, additional frames are sent to gain access to the wireless network. •Auto CTS requires 802.11g stations to send a slow Clear To Send frame that locks out other stations. Automatic protection reduces 802.11g throughput when 802.11b stations are present — Auto CTS adds less overhead than Auto RTS. The default value is Auto CTS. •With Auto RTS, 802.11g stations reserve the wireless media using a Request To Send/Clear To Send cycle. This mode is useful when you have dispersed nodes. It was originally used in 802.11b only networks to avoid collisions from “hidden nodes” — nodes that are so widely dispersed that they can hear the Array, but not each other. When there are no 11b stations associated and an auto-protection mode is enabled, the Array will not send the extra frames, thus avoiding unnecessary overhead. 14. 802.11g Slot: Choose Auto to instruct the Array to manage the 802.11g slot times automatically, or choose Short Only. Xirrus recommends using Auto for this setting, especially if 802.11b devices are present.15. 802.11b Preamble: The preamble contains information that the Array and client devices need when sending and receiving packets. All compliant 802.11b systems have to support the long preamble. A short preamble improves the efficiency of a network's throughput when transmitting special data, such as voice, VoIP (Voice-over IP) and streaming video. Select Auto to instruct the Array to manage the preamble (long and short) automatically, or choose Long Only.16. Fragmentation Threshold: This is the maximum size for directed data packets transmitted over the 802.11b/g IAP. Larger frames fragment into several packets, their maximum size defined by the value you enter here. Enter the desired Fragmentation Threshold value, between 256 and 2346.

Wireless Array308 Configuring the Wireless Array17. RTS Threshold: The RTS (Request To Send) Threshold specifies the packet size. Packets larger than the RTS threshold will use CTS/RTS prior to transmitting the packet — useful for larger packets to help ensure the success of their transmission. Enter a value between 1 and 2347.18. Max Stations: This defines how many station associations are allowed per 802.11bgn IAP. Note that the IAPs > Global Settings window and SSIDs > SSID Management window also have station limit settings — Max Station Association per IAP (page 289) and Station Limit(page 258), respectively. If multiple station limits are set, all will be enforced. As soon as any limit is reached, no new stations can associate until some other station has terminated its association. See AlsoCoverage and Capacity PlanningGlobal Settings (IAP)Global Settings .11anGlobal Settings .11nAdvanced RF SettingsLED SettingsIAP SettingsIAP Statistics Summary

Wireless ArrayConfiguring the Wireless Array 309Global Settings .11nThis window allows you to establish global 802.11n IAP settings. These settings include enabling or disabling 802.11n mode for the entire Array, specifying the number of transmit and receive chains (data stream) used for spatial multiplexing, setting a short or standard guard interval, auto-configuring channel bonding, and specifying whether auto-configured channel bonding will be static or dynamic.Before changing your settings for 802.11n, please read the discussion in “IEEE 802.11n Deployment Considerations” on page 37. Figure 153. Global Settings .11n

Wireless Array310 Configuring the Wireless ArrayProcedure for Configuring Global 802.11n IAP Settings1. 802.11n Data Rates: The Array allows you to define which data rates are supported for all 802.11n radios. Select (or deselect) 11n data rates by clicking in the corresponding Supported and Basic data rate check boxes.•Basic Rate — a wireless station (client) must support this rate in order to associate.•Supported Rate — data rates that can be used to transmit to clients.2. 802.11n Mode: Select Enabled to allow the Array to operate in 802.11n mode. If you select Disabled, then 802.11n operation is disabled on the Array. 3. TX Chains: Select the number of separate data streams transmitted by the antennas of each IAP. The maximum number of chains is determined by whether the XR Series Array has 2x2 or 3x3 radios. The default value is always the maximum supported by the radio type. See “Multiple Data Streams — Spatial Multiplexing” on page 39.4. RX Chains: Select the number of separate data streams received by the antennas of each IAP. This number should be greater than or equal to TX Chains. The maximum number of chains is determined by whether the XR Series Array has 2x2 or 3x3 radios. The default value is always the maximum supported by the radio type. See “Multiple Data Streams — Spatial Multiplexing” on page 39.5. Guard interval: Select Short to increase the data transmission rate by decreasing wait intervals in signal transmission. Select Long to use the standard interval. The default is Short. See “Short Guard Interval” on page 41.6. Auto bond 5 GHz channels: Select Enabled to use Channel Bonding on 5 GHz channels and automatically select the best channels for bonding. The default is Enabled. See “Channel Bonding” on page 40.

Wireless ArrayConfiguring the Wireless Array 3117. 5 GHz channel bonding: Select Dynamic to have auto-configuration for bonded 5 GHz channels be automatically updated as conditions change. For example, if there are too many clients to be supported by a bonded channel, dynamic mode will automatically break the bonded channel into two channels. Select Static to have the bonded channels remain the same once they are selected. The Dynamic option is only available when Auto bond 5 GHz channels is enabled. The default is Dynamic. See “Channel Bonding” on page 40.8. 2.4 GHz channel bonding: Select Dynamic to have auto-configuration for bonded 2.4 GHz channels be automatically updated as conditions change. Select Static to have the bonded channels remain the same once they are selected. The default is Dynamic. See “Channel Bonding” on page 40.9. Global channel bonding: These buttons allow you to turn channel bonding on or off for all IAPs in one step. The effect of using one of these buttons will be shown if you go to the IAP Settings window and look at the Bond column. Clicking Enable bonding on all IAPs causes all IAPs to be bonded to their auto-bonding channel immediately, if appropriate. For example, an IAP will not be bonded if it is set to monitor mode, and 2.4 GHz radios will not be bonded. Click Disable bonding on all IAPs to turn off bonding on all IAPs immediately. See “Channel Bonding” on page 40. Settings in Step 7 and Step 8 are independent of global channel bonding.

Wireless Array312 Configuring the Wireless ArrayGlobal Settings .11acThis window allows you to establish global 802.11ac IAP settings. These settings include enabling or disabling 802.11ac mode for the entire Array, specifying the number of data streams used in spatial multiplexing, and setting a short or long guard interval.Before changing your settings for 802.11ac, please read the discussion in “IEEE 802.11n Deployment Considerations” on page 37.Figure 154. Global Settings .11ac

Wireless ArrayConfiguring the Wireless Array 313Procedure for Configuring Global 802.11n IAP Settings1. 802.11ac Mode: Select Enabled to allow the Array to operate in 802.11ac mode. If you select Disabled, then 802.11ac operation is disabled on the Array. 2. 80 MHz Guard interval: This is the length of the interval between transmission of symbols (the smallest unit of data transfer) when you are using 80MHz bonded channels. (See “Channel Bonding” on page 40 and “Short Guard Interval” on page 41) Select Short to increase the data transmission rate by decreasing wait intervals in signal transmission. Select Long to use the standard interval. The default is Short. See “Short Guard Interval” on page 41. 3. Max MCS: Select the highest Modulation and Coding Scheme level that may be used with 1, 2, or 3 Spatial Streams. This setting may be used to limit the highest level of modulation to 64-QAM, or allow 256-QAM with its higher data rate. It also determines the coding scheme used for error correction. Higher MCS levels allocate fewer bits to error correction, and thus a higher proportion is used for data transfer. The default Max MCSvalue is MCS9. The higher the MCS values, the higher the data rate, as shown in 802.11ac Supported Rates, below. Higher MCS levels require higher signal-to-noise ratios (i.e., a less noisy environment) and shorter transmission distances. The maximum number of separate data streams that may be transmitted by the antennas of each IAP is determined by whether the XR Series Array has 2x2 or 3x3 radios. For a device that has 2x2 radios, such as the XR-620, the settings for three spatial streams are not shown.See “Multiple Data Streams — Spatial Multiplexing” on page 39.4. 802.11ac Supported Rates: This list shows the optimum data rates that can be expected, based on the number of spatial streams that a station can handle, and on your settings for Max MCS, Guard Interval, and the use of bonded channels, up to 80MHz wide.

Wireless Array314 Configuring the Wireless ArrayGlobal Settings .11uUnderstanding 802.11uAs the number of access points available in public venues increases, mobile devices users have a harder time distinguishing usable SSIDs from the tens, if not hundreds of access points visible. Using the 802.11u protocol, access points may broadcast information about the services and access that they offer and to respond to queries for additional information related to the facilities that the downstream service network provides.The type of information broadcast or available from 802.11u-compliant access points includes:Access Network Type. Indicates the type of network available. For example: public or private, free or charged, etc.Internet Connectivity. Indicates whether the network provides Internet connectivity.Authentication. Indicates whether additional authentication steps will be required to use the network as well as the network authentication types that are in use.Venue Information. The type and name of the location where the access point is found.Identification. A globally unique identification for the access point.IPv4/IPv6 Addressing. Indicate the type of IP addressing (IPv4 and/or IPv6) and NATing that is performed by the network.Roaming Consortium. The service network may be connected to one or more roaming providers, called consortia, that allow access points from multiple service providers to be used transparently through a single paid service. The access point may advertise multiple consortia to mobile devices.Domain Names. A list of domain names to which the mobile user may end up belonging based on authentication credentials used.

Wireless ArrayConfiguring the Wireless Array 315Cellular Networks. The service network may have arrangements with one or more cellular service providers who can transparently provide wireless and Internet connectivity.Figure 155. 802.11u Global SettingsProcedure for Configuring 802.11u SettingsUse this window to establish the 802.11u configuration. 1. 802.11u Internetworking. Click On to enable 802.11u protocol operation.2. Access Network Type: This indicates the type of network supported by the access point. The choices are:

Wireless Array316 Configuring the Wireless Arraya. Chargeable public networkb. Emergency services only networkc. Free public networkd. Personal device networke. Private network with guest accessf. Test or experimental networkg. Wildcard—all of the networks above are supported. 3. Internet Connectivity. Click Provided if Internet connectivity is available through the access point from the back end provider to which the mobile user ends up belonging. Click Unspecified otherwise—for example, depending on the SLAs (service level agreements) of the mobile user, Internet access may or may not be provided. 4. Additional Step Required for Access. Click Disabled if no additional authentication steps will be required to complete the connection and Enabled otherwise. The available authentication techniques are described in the Network Authentication Types field (Step 13).5. Venue Group. Select the general type of venue that the access point is located in. Various choices are available, including Business, Residential, and Outdoor. For each Venue Gr oup , a further set of sub-choices are available in the Ven ue Ty pe field below. The particular name of the venue is specified in the Venue Nam es field (Step 14).6. Venue Type. For each of the Venue Group choices, a further set of sub-choices are available. For example, if you set Venue Group to Assembly, the choices include Amphitheater, Area, Library, and Theatre.7. HESSID. Enter the globally unique homogeneous ESS ID. This SSID is marked as being HotSpot 2.0 capable. This SSID attribute is global—if 802.11u is enabled and HotSpot 2.0 is enabled, then all SSIDs will have HotSpot 2.0 capability.

Wireless ArrayConfiguring the Wireless Array 3178. IPv4 Availability. Select the type of IPv4 addressing that will be assigned by the network upon connection. NATed addresses are IP addresses that have been changed by mapping the IP address and port number to IP addresses and new port numbers routable by other networks. Double NATed addresses go through two levels of NATing. Port restricted IPv4 addresses refer to specific UDP and TCP port numbers associated with standard Internet services; for example, port 80 for web pages. The choices for this field are:a. Double NATed private IPv4 address availableb. IPv4 address not availablec. IPv4 address availability not knownd. Port-restricted IPv4 address availablee. Port-restricted IPv4 address and double NATed IPv4 address availablef. Port-restricted IPv4 address and single NATed IPv4 address availableg. Public IPv4 address availableh. Single NATed private IPv4 address available9. IPv6 Availability. Select the type of IPv6 addressing that is available from the network upon connection.a. IPv6 address not availableb. IPv6 address availability not knownc. IPv6 address available10. Roaming Consortium. Each of the roaming consortia has an organizational identifier (OI) obtained from IEEE that unique identifies the organization. This is similar to the OUI part of a MAC address. Use this control to build up a list of OIs for the consortia available. Enter the OI as a hexadecimal string of between 6 and 30 characters in the Add field

Wireless ArrayConfiguring the Wireless Array 31914. Venue Names. The list of names associated with the venue are specified here. A venue name may be added to the list in English or Chinese. Enter the name in the appropriate field and click Add. The name will appear in the list. A name may be deleted by selecting it in the list and clicking Delete. All names may be deleted by clicking Reset.

Wireless Array320 Configuring the Wireless ArrayAdvanced RF SettingsThis window allows you to establish RF settings, including automatically configuring channel allocation and cell size, and configuring radio assurance and standby modes. Changes you make on this page are applied to all IAPs, without exception. Figure 156. Advanced RF Settings

Wireless ArrayConfiguring the Wireless Array 321About Standby ModeStandby Mode supports the Array-to-Array fail-over capability. When you enable Standby Mode, the Array functions as a backup unit, and it enables its radios if it detects that its designated target Array has failed. The use of redundant Arrays to provide this fail-over capability allows Arrays to be used in mission-critical applications. In Standby Mode, an Array monitors beacons from the target Array. When the target has not been heard from for 40 seconds, the standby Array enables its radios until it detects that the target Array has come back online. Standby Mode is off by default. Note that you must ensure that the configuration of the standby Array is correct. This window allows you to enable or disable Standby Mode and specify the primary Array that is the target of the backup unit. See also, “Failover Planning” on page 43. Procedure for Configuring Advanced RF SettingsRF Monitor1. RF Monitor Mode: RF monitoring permits the operation of features like intrusion detection. The monitor may operate in Dedicated mode, or in Timeshare mode which allows the radio to divide its time between monitoring and acting as a standard radio that allows stations to associate to it. Timeshare mode is especially useful for small Arrays with two IAPs, such as the XR-500 and XR-1000 Series, allowing one IAP to be shared between monitoring the airwaves for problems and providing services to stations. Settings allow you to give priority to monitoring or wireless services, depending on your needs. The default value is Off. If Timeshare mode is selected, you may adjust the following settings:•Timeshare Scanning Interval (6-600): number of seconds between monitor (off-channel) scans.•Timeshare Station Threshold (0-240): when the number of stations associated to the monitor radio exceeds this threshold, scanning is halted. •Timeshare Traffic Threshold (0-50000): when the number of packets per second handled by the monitor radio exceeds this threshold, scanning is halted.

Wireless Array322 Configuring the Wireless ArrayRF Resilience2. Radio Assurance Mode: When this mode is enabled, the monitor radio performs loopback tests on the Array. This mode requires RF Monitor Mode to be enabled (Step 1) to enable self-monitoring functions. It also requires a radio to be set to monitoring mode (see “Enabling Monitoring on the Array” on page 488). Operation of Radio Assurance mode is described in detail in “Array Monitor and Radio Assurance Capabilities” on page 488. The Radio Assurance mode scans and sends out probe requests on each channel, in turn. It listens for all probe responses and beacons. These tests are performed continuously (24/7). If no beacons or probe responses are observed from a radio for a predetermined period, Radio Assurance mode will take action according to the preference that you have specified: •Failure alerts only — The Array will issue alerts in the Syslog, but will not initiate repairs or reboots.•Failure alerts & repairs, but no reboots — The Array will issue alerts and perform resets of one or all of the radios if needed. •Failure alerts & repairs & reboots if needed — The Array will issue alerts, perform resets, and schedule reboots if needed. •Disabled — Disable IAP radio assurance tests (no self-monitoring occurs). Loopback tests are disabled by default.3. Enable Standby Mode: Choose Yes to enable this Array to function as a backup unit for the target Array, or choose No to disable this feature. See “About Standby Mode” on page 321. 4. Standby Target Address: If you enabled the Standby Mode, enter the MAC address of the target Array (i.e., the address of the primary Array that is being monitored and backed up by this Array). To find this MAC address, open the Array Info window on the target Array, and use the Gigabit1 MAC Address.

Wireless ArrayConfiguring the Wireless Array 323RF Power & Sensitivity For an overview of RF power and cell size settings, please see “Capacity and Cell Sizes” on page 32 and “Fine Tuning Cell Sizes” on page 33. 5. Set Cell Size: Cell Size may be set globally for all enabled IAPs to Auto, Large, Medium, Small, or Max using the buttons. 6. Auto Cell Period (seconds): You may set up auto-configuration to run periodically, readjusting optimal cell sizes for the current conditions. Enter a number of seconds to specify how often auto-configuration will run. If you select None, then auto-configuration of cell sizing will not be run periodically. You do not need to run Auto Cell often unless there are a lot of changes in the environment. If the RF environment is changing often, running Auto Cell every twenty-four hours (86400 seconds) should be sufficient). The default value is None.7. Auto Cell Size Overlap (%): Enter the percentage of cell overlap that will be allowed when the Array is determining automatic cell sizes. For 100% overlap, the power is adjusted such that neighboring Arrays that hear each other best will hear each other at -70dB. For 0% overlap, that number is -90dB. The default value is 50%.8. Auto Cell Min Cell Size: Use this setting if you wish to set the minimum cell size that Auto Cell may assign. The values are Default, Large, Medium, or Small.9. Auto Cell Min Tx Power (dBm): Enter the minimum transmit power that the Array can assign to a radio when adjusting automatic cell sizes. The default value is 10.To use the Auto Cell Size feature, the following additional settings are required: RF Monitor Mode must be turned On. See “RF Monitor” on page 321. One of the radios must be in monitor mode, and all other IAPs that will use Auto Cell must have Cell Size set to auto. See “Procedure for Manually Configuring IAPs” on page 280.

Wireless Array324 Configuring the Wireless Array10. Auto Cell Configuration: Click this button to instruct the Array to determine and set the best cell size for each enabled IAP whose Cell Sizeis auto on the IAP Settings window, based on changes in the environment. This is the recommended method for setting cell size. You may look at the Tx and Rx values on the IAP Settings window to view the cell size settings that were applied. 11. Sharp Cell: This feature reduces interference between neighboring Arrays or other Access Points by limiting to a defined boundary (cell size) the trailing edge bleed of RF energy. Choose On to enable the Sharp Cell functionality, or choose Off to disable this feature. See also, “Fine Tuning Cell Sizes” on page 33. This feature is available on all Arrays.The Sharp Cell feature only works when the cell size is Small, Medium, or Large (or Auto) — but not Max. If an IAP cell size is set to Max, the Sharp Cell feature will be disabled for that radio. RF Spectrum Management12. Configuration Status: Shows the status of auto channel configuration. If an operation is in progress, the approximate time remaining until completion is displayed; otherwise Idle is displayed. 13. Band Configuration: Automatic band configuration is the recommended method for assigning bands to the abgn IAPs. It runs only on command, assigning IAPs to the 2.4GHz or 5GHz band when you click the Auto Configure button. The Array uses its radios to listen for other APs on the same channel, and it assigns bands based on where it finds the least interference. Auto band assigns as many IAPs to the 5 GHz band as possible when there are other Arrays within earshot. It does this by determining how many Arrays are in range and then picking the number of radios to place in the 2.4 GHz band. Note that for another Array to be considered to be in range, the other Array must be visible via both the wireless and wired networks—the Array must be listed in the Network Map table, its entry must have In Range set to Yes, and it must have at least one active IAP with an SSID that has broadcast enabled.

Wireless ArrayConfiguring the Wireless Array 325Auto band runs separately from auto channel configuration. If the band is changed for an IAP, associated stations will be disconnected and will then reconnect. 14. Channel Configuration: Automatic channel configuration is the recommended method for channel allocation. When the Array performs auto channel configuration, you may optionally instruct it to first negotiate with any other nearby Arrays that have been detected, to determine whether to stagger the start time for the procedure slightly. Thus, nearby Arrays will not run auto channel at the same time. This prevents Arrays from interfering with each other’s channel assignments. The Configuration Status field displays whether an Auto Configurecycle is currently running on this Array or not. Click Auto Configure to instruct the Array to determine the best channel allocation settings for each enabled IAP and select the channel automatically, based on changes in the environment. This is the recommended method for channel allocation (see “RF Spectrum Management” on page 324). The following options may be selected for auto configuration: •Negotiate: negotiate air-time with other Arrays before performing a full scan. Negotiating is slower, but if multiple Arrays are configuring channels at the same time the Negotiate option ensures that multiple Arrays don't select the same channels. Turning off the Negotiate option allows the Auto Configure button to manually perform auto channel without waiting, and may be used when you know that no other nearby Arrays are configuring their channels. •Full Scan: perform a full traffic scan on all channels on all IAPs to determine the best channel allocation.•Non-Radar: give preference to channels without radar-detect. See table in “Procedure for Configuring Global 802.11an IAP Settings” on page 298. •Include WDS: automatically assign 5GHz to WDS client links.

Wireless Array326 Configuring the Wireless ArrayClick Factory Defaults if you wish to instruct the Array to return all IAPs to their factory preset channels. As of release 6.3, Arrays no longer all use the same factory preset values for channel assignments. Instead, if the Array has been deployed for a while and already has data from the spectrum analyzer and Xirrus Roaming Protocol about channel usage on neighboring Arrays, it performs a quick auto channel using that information (without doing a full RF scan) to make an intelligent choice of channel assignments. If the Array has been rebooted and has no saved configuration or is just being deployed for the first time, it has no prior data about its RF environment. In this case, it will pick a set of compatible channel assignments at random. 15. Auto Channel Configuration Mode: This option allows you to instruct the Array to auto-configure channel selection for each enabled IAP when the Array is powered up. Choose On Array PowerUp to enable this feature, or choose Disabled to disable this feature.16. Auto Channel Configure on Time: This option allows you to instruct the Array to auto-configure channel selection for each enabled IAP at a time you specify here. Leave this field blank unless you want to specify a time at which the auto-configuration utility is initiated. Time is specified in hours and minutes, using the format: [day]hh:mm [am|pm]. If you omit the optional day specification, channel configuration will run daily at the specified time. If you do not specify am or pm, time is interpreted in 24-hour military time. For example, Sat 11:00 pm and Saturday 23:00 are both acceptable and specify the same time. 17. Channel List Selection: This list selects which channels are available to the auto channel algorithm. Channels that are not checked are left out of the auto channel selection process. Note that channels that have been locked by the user are also not available to the auto channel algorithm.On XR-500 and XR-1000 Series Arrays, the Factory Defaults button will not restore iap1 to monitor mode. You will need to restore this setting manually. Also, you may need to set RF Monitor Mode to Timeshare Mode again - see “RF Monitor” on page 321.

Wireless ArrayConfiguring the Wireless Array 32718. Auto Channel List: Use All Channels selects all available channels (this does not include locked channels). Use Defaults sets the auto channel list back to the defaults. This omits newer channels (100-140) — many wireless NICs don’t support these channels. Station AssuranceStation assurance monitors the quality of the connections that users are experiencing on the wireless network. You can quickly detect stations that are having problems and take steps to correct them. Use these settings to establish threshold values for errors and other problems. Station assurance is enabled by default, with a set of useful default thresholds that you may adjust as desired.When a connection is experiencing problems and reaches one of these thresholds in the specified period of time, the Array responds with several actions: an event is triggered, a trap is generated, and a Syslog message is logged. For example, if a client falls below the threshold for Min Average Associated Time, this “bouncing” behavior might indicate roaming problems with the network’s RF design, causing the client to bounce between multiple Arrays and not stay connected longer than the time to re-associate and then jump again. This can be corrected with RF adjustments. Station assurance alerts you to the fact that this station is encountering problems. Figure 157. Station Assurance (Advanced RF Settings)19. Enable Station Assurance: This is enabled by default. Click No if you wish to disable it, and click Yes to re-enable it. When station assurance is enabled, the Array will monitor connection quality indicators listed

Wireless Array328 Configuring the Wireless Arraybelow and will display associated information on the Station Assurance Status page. When a threshold is reached, an event is triggered, a trap is generated, and a Syslog message is logged. 20. Period: In seconds, the period of time for a threshold to be reached. For example, the Array will check whether Max Authentication Failures has been reached in this number of seconds. 21. Min Average Associated Time: (seconds) Station assurance detects whether the average length of station associations falls below this threshold during a period. 22. Max Authentication Failures: Station assurance detects whether the number of failed login attempts reaches this threshold during a period. 23. Max Packet Error Rate: (%) Station assurance detects whether the packet error rate percentage reaches this threshold during a period. 24. Max Packet Retry Rate: (%) Station assurance detects whether the packet retry rate percentage reaches this threshold during a period. 25. Min Packet Data Rate: (Mbps) Station assurance detects whether the packet data rate falls below this threshold during a period. 26. Min Received Signal Strength: (dB) Station assurance detects whether the strength of the signal received from the station falls below this threshold during a period. 27. Min Signal to Noise Ratio: (dB) Station assurance detects whether the ratio of signal to noise received from the station falls below this threshold during a period. 28. Max Distance from Array: Min Received Signal Strength: (feet) Station assurance detects whether the distance of the station from the Array reaches this threshold during a period. See AlsoCoverage and Capacity PlanningGlobal Settings .11anGlobal Settings .11bgn

Wireless ArrayConfiguring the Wireless Array 329Global Settings .11nIAPsIAP SettingsRadio AssuranceHotspot 2.0 Understanding Hotspot 2.0Hotspot 2.0 is a part of the Wi-Fi Alliance’s Passpoint certification program. It specifies additional information above and beyond that found in 802.11u, which allows mobile clients to automatically discover, select, and connect to networks based on preferences and network optimization. Mobile clients that support Hotspot 2.0 are informed of an access point’s support via its beacon message.Hotspot 2.0 messages forward several types of information to clients, including:Uplink and Downlink SpeedsLink StatusFriendly NameConnection Capabilities The access point will restrict the protocols that can be used by a specification of protocol and port numbers.Procedure for Hotspot 2.0 SettingsUse this window to establish the Hotspot 2.0 configuration. 1. Hotspot 2.0. Click Enabled to enable Hotspot 2.0 operation.2. Downstream Group-addressed Forwarding. Click Enabled to allow the access point to forward group-addressed traffic (broadcast and multicast) to all connected devices. Click Disabled to cause the access point to convert group-addressed traffic to unicast messages.3. WAN Downlink Speed. Enter the WAN downlink speed in kbps into the field.4. WAN Uplink Speed. Enter the WAN uplink speed in kbps into the field.

Wireless Array330 Configuring the Wireless ArrayFigure 158. Hotspot 2.0 Settings5. English/Chinese Operator Friendly Name. Enter an English or Chinese name into one of the fields. An incorrectly entered name can be deleted by clicking the corresponding Delete.6. Connection Capabilities. A Hotspot 2.0 access point limits the particular protocols that clients may use. The set of default protocols is shown initially. This table specifies the protocols in terms of:a. A common Name, such as FTP or HTTP. b. A Protocol number. For example 1 for ICMP, 6 for TCP, 17 for UDP, and 50 for Encapsulated Security Protocol in IPsec VPN connections.c. Port number for UDP/TCP connection.

Wireless ArrayConfiguring the Wireless Array 331d. Status: one of open, closed or unknown.Any of the entries may be deleted by clicking the corresponding Deletebutton. New entries may be created by entering the name of the protocol in the box beside the Create button, and then clicking Create. The new protocol will be added to the list with zeros in the protocol fields and unknown for the status. Enter the appropriate Protocol and Port values before setting the Status field to open.NAI RealmsUnderstanding NAI Realm AuthenticationA network access identifier (NAI) is a specification of a particular user. A NAI takes the general form of e-mail addresses. Examples of NAIs are:joe@example.comfred@foo-9.example.comjack@3rd.depts.example.comfred.smith@example.comFigure 159. NAI RealmsThe NAI Realm is the part of the NAI following the @ sign. In the examples above, the realms are: example.com, 3rd.depts.example.com, and foo-9.example.com. Use the NAI Realms page, in conjunction with the NAI EAP page, to specify the authentication techniques to be used to access that realm with appropriate parameters.Procedure for NAI Realms SettingsUse this window to establish the names of the supported realms.

Wireless Array332 Configuring the Wireless Array1. Enter the realm name. Enter the name of a realm in the box to the left of the Create button and click Create. The realm will be added to the NAI Realms list. Any of the realms may be deleted by clicking the corresponding Delete button.2. Enter Authentication Information. The NAI EAP page is used to specify authentication for a realm. Click on the name of a realm to go to the NAI EAP page for that realm. See “NAI EAP” on page 332. NAI EAPThis window allows specification of the authentication techniques for a realm. Figure 160. NAI EAPProcedure for NAI Realms Settings1. Select the realm to be configured in the NAI Realm drop down. 2. Select EAP Methods. Each realm may support up to five EAP authentication methods. Beside each of the five numbers (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) select the method from the drop down. The choices are:•EAP-AKA•EAP-AKA’ (EAP-AKA prime)

Wireless ArrayConfiguring the Wireless Array 333•EAP-FAST•EAP-MSCHAP-V2•EAP-SIM•EAP-TLS•EAP-TTLS•GTC•MD5-Challenge•None•PEAP3. Specify Authentication Parameters. Each of the authentication methods may specify up to five authentication parameters. To specify the parameters click on the number corresponding to the authentication method; i.e. 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5. This displays the EAP n Auth Parameter Configuration below the list of EAP Methods. For up to five of the parameters, select the Type and Value or Vendor ID / Type. The choices for the Type are:•Credential Type•Expanded EAP Method•Expanded Inner EAP Method•Inner Authentication EAP Method Type•Non-EAP Inner Authentication Type•None•Tunneled EAP Method Credential TypeFor each type, a value or a vendor ID and type must be specified, as applicable.

Wireless Array334 Configuring the Wireless ArrayIntrusion Detection The Xirrus Array employs a number of IDS/IPS (Intrusion Detection System/ Intrusion Prevention System) strategies to detect and prevent malicious attacks on the wireless network. Use this window to adjust intrusion detection settings. Figure 161. Intrusion Detection Settings

Wireless ArrayConfiguring the Wireless Array 335The Array provides a suite of intrusion detection and prevention options to improve network security. You can separately enable detection of the following types of problems:Rogue Access Point Detection and BlockingUnknown APs are detected, and may be automatically blocked based on a number of criteria. See “About Blocking Rogue APs” on page 337. Denial of Service (DoS) or Availability Attack Detection A DoS attack attempts to flood an Array with communications requests so that it cannot respond to legitimate traffic, or responds so slowly that it becomes effectively unavailable. The Array can detect a number of types of DoS attacks, as described in the table below. When an attack is detected, the Array logs a Syslog message at the Alert level.Impersonation DetectionThese malicious attacks use various techniques to impersonate a legitimate AP or station, often in order to eavesdrop on wireless communications. The Array detects a number of types of impersonation attacks, as described in the table below. When an attack is detected, the Array logs a Syslog message at the Alert level.Type of Attack DescriptionDoS AttacksBeacon Flood Generating thousands of counterfeit 802.11 beacons to make it hard for stations to find a legitimate AP.Probe Request Flood Generating thousands of counterfeit 802.11 probe requests to overburden the Array.Authentication Flood Sending forged Authenticates from random MAC addresses to fill the Array's association table.Association Flood Sending forged Associates from random MAC addresses to fill the Array's association table.

Wireless Array336 Configuring the Wireless ArrayDisassociation Flood Flooding the Array with forged Disassociation packets.Deauthentication Flood Flooding the Array with forged Deauthenticates.EAP Handshake Flood Flooding an AP with EAP-Start messages to consume resources or crash the target.Null Probe Response Answering a station probe-request frame with a null SSID. Many types of popular NIC cards cannot handle this situation, and will freeze up.MIC Error Attack Generating invalid TKIP data to exceed the Array's MIC error threshold, suspending WLAN service.Disassociation Attack (Omerta) Sending forged disassociation frames to all stations on a channel in response to data frames. Deauthentication Attack Sending forged deauthentication frames to all stations on a channel in response to data frames. Duration Attack (Duration Field Spoofing)Injecting packets into the WLAN with huge duration values. This forces the other nodes in the WLAN to keep quiet, since they cannot send any packet until this value counts down to zero. If the attacker sends such frames continuously it silences other nodes in the WLAN for long periods, thereby disrupting the entire wireless service. Impersonation AttacksAP impersonation Reconfiguring an attacker's MAC address to pose as an authorized AP. Administrators should take immediate steps to prevent the attacker from entering the WLAN. Station impersonation Reconfiguring an attacker's MAC address to pose as an authorized station. Administrators should take immediate steps to prevent the attacker from entering the WLAN. Evil twin attack Masquerading as an authorized AP by beaconing the WLAN's service set identifier (SSID) to lure users.Type of Attack Description

Wireless ArrayConfiguring the Wireless Array 337About Blocking Rogue APsIf you classify a rogue AP as blocked (see “Rogue Control List” on page 241), then the Array will take measures to prevent stations from staying associated to the rogue. When the monitor radio is scanning, any time it hears a beacon from a blocked rogue it sends out a broadcast “deauth” signal using the rogue's BSSID and source address. This has the effect of disconnecting all of a rogue AP’s clients approximately every 5 to 10 seconds, which is enough to make the rogue frustratingly unusable.The Advanced RF Settings window allows you to set up Auto Block parameters so that unknown APs get the same treatment as explicitly blocked APs. This is basically a “shoot first and ask questions later” mode. By default, auto blocking is turned off. Auto blocking provides two parameters for qualifying blocking so that APs must meet certain criteria before being blocked. This keeps the Array from blocking every AP that it detects. You may:Set a minimum RSSI value for the AP — for example, if an AP has an RSSI value of -90, it is probably a harmless AP belonging to a neighbor and not in your building.Block based on encryption level.Block based on whether the AP is part of an ad hoc network or infrastructure network. Specify channels to be whitelisted. Rogues discovered on these channels are excluded from auto blocking. This allows specified channels to be freely used by customer or guests for their APs.Sequence number anomaly A sender may use an Add Block Address request (ADDBA - part of the Block ACK mechanism) to specify a sequence number range for packets that the receiver can accept. An attacker spoofs an ADDBA request, asking the receiver to reset its sequence number window to a new range. This causes the receiver to drop legitimate frames, since their sequence numbers will not fall in that range. Type of Attack Description

Wireless Array338 Configuring the Wireless ArrayProcedure for Configuring Intrusion Detection RF Intrusion Detection and Auto Block Mode1. Intrusion Detection Mode: This option allows you to choose the Standard intrusion detection method, or you can choose Off to disable this feature. See “Array Monitor and Radio Assurance Capabilities” on page 488 for more information. •Standard — enables the monitor radio to collect Rogue AP information. •Off — intrusion detection is disabled. 2. Auto Block Unknown Rogue APs: Enable or disable auto blocking (see “About Blocking Rogue APs” on page 337). Note that in order to set Auto Block RSSI and Auto Block Level, you must set Auto Block Unknown Rogue APs to On. Then the remaining Auto Block fields will be active.3. Auto Block RSSI: Set the minimum RSSI for rogue APs to be blocked. APs with lower RSSI values will not be blocked. They are assumed to be farther away, and probably belonging to neighbors and posing a minimal threat. 4. Auto Block Level: Select rogue APs to block based on the level of encryption that they are using. The choices are: •Automatically block unknown rogue APs regardless of encryption.•Automatically block unknown rogue APs with no encryption.•Automatically block unknown rogue APs with WEP or no encryption.5. Auto Block Network Types: Select rogues to automatically block by applying the criteria above only to networks of the type specified below. The choices are: •All — the unknown rogues may be part of any wireless network.•IBSS/AD Hoc only — only consider auto blocking rogues if they belong to an ad hoc wireless network (a network of client devices

Wireless ArrayConfiguring the Wireless Array 339without a controlling Access Point, also called an Independent Basic Service Set — IBSS).•ESS/Infrastructure only — only consider auto blocking rogue APs if they are in infrastructure mode rather than ad hoc mode.6. Auto Block Whitelist: Use this list to specify channels to be excluded from automatic blocking. If you have enabled Auto Block, it will not be applied to rogues detected on the whitelisted channels. Use the Add Channel drop-down to add entries to the Channels list, one at a time. You can delete entries from the list by selecting them from the Remove Channel drop-down list.DoS Attack Detection Settings7. Attack/Event: The types of DoS attack that you may detect are described in the Type of Attack Table on page 335. Detection of each attack type may be separately enabled or disabled. For each attack, a default Threshold and Period (seconds) are specified. If the number of occurrences of the type of packet being detected exceeds the threshold in the specified number of seconds, then the Array declares that an attack has been detected. You may modify the Threshold and Period. For the Flood attack settings, you also have a choice of Auto or Manual. •Manual mode — threshold and period settings are used to detect a flood. Packets received are simply counted for the specified time period and compared against the flood threshold. The default for all of the floods is Manual mode. •Auto mode — the Array analyzes current traffic for packets of a given type versus traffic over the past hour to determine whether a packet flood should be detected. In this mode, threshold and period settings are ignored. This mode is useful for floods like beacon or probe floods, where the numbers of such packets detected in the air can vary greatly from installation to installation.

Wireless Array340 Configuring the Wireless Array8. Duration Attack NAV (ms): For the duration attack, you may also modify the default duration value that is used to determine whether a packet may be part of an attack. If the number of packets having at least this duration value exceeds the Threshold number in the specified Period, an attack is detected. Impersonation Detection Settings9. Attack/Event: The types of impersonation attack that you may detect are described in Impersonation Attacks on page 336. Detection of each attack type may be turned On or Off separately. For AP or Station Impersonation attacks, a default Threshold and Period (seconds) are specified. If the number of occurrences of the type of packet being detected exceeds the threshold in the specified number of seconds, then the Array declares that an attack has been detected. You may modify the Threshold and Period. 10. Sequence number anomaly: You may specify whether to detect this type of attack in Data traffic or in Management traffic, or turn Off this type of detection. LED SettingsThis window assigns behavior preferences for the Array’s IAP LEDs.Figure 162. LED SettingsProcedure for Configuring the IAP LEDs1. LED State: This option determines which event triggers the LEDs, either when an IAP is enabled or when an IAP first associates with the network. Choose On Radio Enabled or On First Association, as desired. You may

Wireless ArrayConfiguring the Wireless Array 341also choose Disabled to keep the LEDs from being lit. The LEDs will still light during the boot sequence, then turn off. 2. LED Blink Behavior: This option allows you to select when the IAP LEDs blink, based on the activities you check here. From the choices available, select one or more activities to trigger when the LEDs blink. For default behavior, see “Array LED Operating Sequences” on page 65.3. Click Save changes to flash if you wish to make your changes permanent.See AlsoGlobal Settings (IAP)Global Settings .11anGlobal Settings .11bgnIAPsLED Boot SequenceDSCP MappingsDSCP is the 6-bit Differentiated Services Code Point (DiffServ) field in the IPv4 or IPv6 packet header, defined in RFC2474 and RFC2475. The DSCP value classifies the packet to determine the Quality of Service (QoS) required. DSCP replaces the outdated Type of Service (TOS) field. The DSCP Mappings page shows the default mapping of each of the 64 DSCP values to one of the Array’s four QoS levels, and allows you to change these mappings.For a detailed discussion of the operation of QoS and DSCP mappings on the Array, please see “Understanding QoS Priority on the Wireless Array” on page 247.

Wireless Array342 Configuring the Wireless ArrayFigure 163. DSCP MappingsProcedure for Configuring DSCP Mappings 1. DSCP to QoS Mapping Mode: Use the On and Off buttons to enable or disable the use of the DSCP mapping table to determine the QoS level applied to each packet. 2. DSCP to QoS Mapping: The radio buttons in this table show all DSCP values (0 to 63), and the QoS level to which each is mapped. To change the QoS level applied to a DSCP value, click the desired QoS level (0 to 3) underneath it.Roaming AssistRoaming assist is a Xirrus feature that helps clients roam to Arrays that will give them high quality connections. Some smart phones and tablets will stay connected to a radio with poor signal quality, even when there’s a radio with better signal strength within range. When roaming assist is enabled, the Array “assists” the device by deauthenticating it when certain parameters are met. This encourages a client with a high roaming threshold (i.e., a device that may not roam until signal quality has seriously dropped) to move to an Array that gives it a better signal. The deauthentication is meant to cause the client to choose a different radio. You can specify the device types that will be assisted in roaming. The roaming threshold is the difference in signal strength between radios that will trigger a deauthentication. If the client’s signal is lower than the sum of the

Wireless ArrayConfiguring the Wireless Array 343threshold and the stronger neighbor radio’s RSSI, then we “assist” the client. For example:Threshold = -5RSSI of neighbor Array = -65RSSI of client = -75-75 < (-5 + -65) : Client will roamAnother example:Threshold = -15RSSI of neighbor Array = -60RSSI of station = -70-70 > (-15 + -60) : Client will not roamProcedure for Configuring Roaming Assist1. Enable Roaming Assist: Use the Yes and No buttons to enable or disable this feature.2. Backoff Period: After deauthenticating a station, it may re-associate to the same radio. To prevent the Array from repeatedly deauthenticating the station when it comes back, there is a backoff period. This is the number of seconds the station is allowed to stay connected before another deauthentication.3. Roaming Threshold: This is the difference in signal strength between radios that will trigger a deauthentication, as described in the discussion above. In most cases, this will be a negative number.

Wireless Array344 Configuring the Wireless ArrayFigure 164. Roaming Assist4. Minimum Data Rate: If the station’s data rate (either Tx or Rx) falls below this rate, it will trigger a deauthentication.5. Device Classes and Device Types: You can configure the device classes or types that will be assisted in roaming. Many small, embedded devices (such as the default device types: phones, tablets, music players) are sticky—they have high roaming thresholds that tend to keep them attached to the same radio despite the presence of radios with better signal strength. You may check off one or more entries, but use care since roaming assist may cause poor results in some cases.

Wireless ArrayConfiguring the Wireless Array 345WDSThis is a status-only window that provides an overview of all WDS links that have been defined. WDS (Wireless Distribution System) is a system that enables the interconnection of access points wirelessly, allowing your wireless network to be expanded using multiple access points without the need for a wired backbone to link them. The Summary of WDS Client Links shows the WDS links that you have defined on this Array and identifies the target Array for each by its base MAC address. The Summary of WDS Host Links shows the WDS links that have been established on this Array as a result of client Arrays associating to this Array (i.e., the client Arrays have this Array as their target). The summary identifies the source (client) Array for each link. Both summaries identify the IAPs that are part of the link and whether the connection for each is up or down. See “WDS Planning” on page 54 for an overview.Figure 165. WDS About Configuring WDS LinksA WDS link connects a client Array and a host Array (see Figure 166 on page 346). The host must be the Array that has a wired connection to the LAN. Client links from one or more Arrays may be connected to the host, and the host may also have client links. See “WDS Planning” on page 54 for more illustrations. The configuration for WDS is performed on the client Array only, as described in “WDS Client Links” on page 347. No WDS configuration is performed on the host Array. First you will set up a client link, defining the target (host) Array and SSID,

Wireless Array346 Configuring the Wireless Arrayand the maximum number of IAPs in the link. Then you will select the IAPs to be used in the link. When the client link is created, each member IAP will associate to an IAP on the host Array. You may wish to consider configuring the WDS link IAPs so that only the WDS link SSIDs are active on them. See “Active IAPs” on page 266. Figure 166. Configuring a WDS Link Once an IAP has been selected to act as a WDS client link, you will not be allowed to use auto-configured cell sizing on that IAP (since the cell must extend all the way to the other Array). When configuring WDS, if you use WPA-PSK (Pre-Shared Key) as a security mechanism, ensure that EAP is disabled. Communication between two Arrays in WDS mode will not succeed if the client Array has both PSK and EAP enabled on the SSID used by WDS. See SSID Management. TKIP encryption does not support high throughput rates, per IEEE 802.11n. TKIP should never be used for WDS links on XR Arrays. WDS is available on all Xirrus Arrays, including XR-500 and XR-1000 Series Arrays with two radios (WDS will operate on either of the radios).a2(52)a3(149)a4(40)a10(52)a9(149)a8(40)CLIENT HOSTWired LANClient Link

Wireless ArrayConfiguring the Wireless Array 347Long Distance LinksIf you are using WDS to provide backhaul over an extended distance, use the WDS Dist. (Miles) setting to prevent timeout problems associated with long transmission times. (See “IAP Settings” on page 279) Set the approximate distance in miles between this IAP and the connected Array in the WDS Dist. (Miles) column. This will increase the wait time for frame transmission accordingly. See AlsoSSID ManagementActive IAPsWDS Client Link IAP Assignments:WDS Client LinksWDS StatisticsWDS Client LinksThis window allows you to set up a maximum of four WDS client links.Figure 167. WDS Client Links

Wireless Array348 Configuring the Wireless ArrayProcedure for Setting Up WDS Client LinksWDS Client Link Settings: 1. Host Link Stations: Check the Allow checkbox to instruct the Array to allow stations to associate to IAPs on a host Array that participates in a WDS link. The WDS host IAP will send beacons announcing its availability to wireless clients. This is disabled by default. 2. Spanning Tree Protocol (STP): Check the Enable checkbox to instruct the Array to enforce the Spanning Tree Protocol on all WDS links. This is enabled by default. Use of STP is strongly recommended in most situations. However, in situations like the one in the next step, where WDS is used by an Array mounted on a high speed train, STP can add significant delay (often on the order of 30 to 60 seconds) while initially analyzing network topology. In such a situation, it may be desirable to disable STP. 3. Roaming RSSI Threshold: If an Array is deployed on a mobile site (on a train, for example), you can use WDS to implement a wireless backhaul that will roam between Arrays at fixed locations. When another candidate Array for WDS host target is found, the client link will roam to the new Array if its RSSI is stronger than the RSSI of the current host connection by at least the Roaming RSSI Threshold. The default is 6 dB. 4. Roaming RSSI Averaging Weight: This weight changes how much the latest RSSI reading influences the cumulative weighted RSSI value utilized in checking the threshold (above) to make a roaming decision. Once an IAP has been selected to act as a WDS client link, no other association will be allowed on that IAP. However, wireless associations will be allowed on the WDS host side of the WDS session.Caution: If STP is disabled and a network connection is made on the WDS Client Array’s Gigabit link that can reach the WDS Host Array, broadcast and multicast packets will not be blocked. A broadcast storm may cause a network outage.

Wireless ArrayConfiguring the Wireless Array 349The higher the weight, the lower the influence of a new RSSI reading. This is not exactly a percentage, but a factor in the formula for computing the current RSSI value based on new readings: StoredRSSI = (StoredRSSI * RoamingAvgWeight+ NewRSSIReading * (100 - RoamingAvgWeight)) / 100This prevents erroneous or out-of-line RSSI readings from causing the WDS link to jump to a new Array. Such readings can result from temporary obstructions, external interference, etc. 5. Click Save changes to flash after you are finished making changes on this page if you wish to make your changes permanent.WDS Client Link IAP Setting: 6. Enable/Disable/Reset All Links: Click the appropriate button to:•Enable All Links—this command activates all WDS links configured on the Array.•Disable All Links—this command deactivates all WDS links configured on the Array. It leaves all your settings unchanged, ready to re-enable.•Reset All Links—this command tears down all links configured on the Array and sets them back to their factory defaults, effective immediately.7. Client Link: Shows the ID (1 to 4) of each of the four possible WDS links. 8. Enabled: Check this box if you want to enable this WDS link, or uncheck the box to disable the link. 9. Max IAPs Allowed (1-3): Enter the maximum number of IAPs for this link, between 1 and 3.10. Target Array Base MAC Address: Enter the base MAC address of the target Array (the host Array at the other side of this link). To find this MAC address, open the WDS window on the target Array, and use This Array Address located on the right under the Summary of WDS Host

Wireless Array350 Configuring the Wireless ArrayLinks. To allow any Xirrus Array to be accepted as a WDS target, enter the Xirrus OUI: 00:0f:7d:00:00:00 or 50:60:28:00:00:00 (this is useful for roaming in a mobile deployment, as described in Step 3 on page 348). 11. Target SSID: Enter the SSID that the target Array is using. 12. Username: Enter a username for this WDS link. A username and password is required if the SSID is using PEAP for WDS authentication from the internal RADIUS server.13. Password: Enter a password for this WDS link.14. Clear Settings: Click on the Clear button to reset all of the fields on this line. WDS Client Link IAP Assignments: 15. For each desired client link, select the IAPs that are part of that link. The IAP channel assignments are shown in the column headers.16. IAP Channel Assignment: Click Auto Configure to instruct the Array to automatically determine the best channel allocation settings for each IAP that participates in a WDS link, based on changes in the environment. These changes are executed immediately, and are automatically applied. See AlsoSSID ManagementWDS PlanningWDSWDS Statistics

Wireless ArrayConfiguring the Wireless Array 351FiltersThe Wireless Array’s integrated firewall uses stateful inspection to speed the decision of whether to allow or deny traffic. Filters are used to define the rules used for blocking or passing traffic. Filters can also set the VLAN and QoS level for selected traffic. Filters may be used based on your experience with Application Control Windows to eliminate or cap the amount of traffic allowed for less desirable applications. Figure 168. FiltersUser connections managed by the firewall are maintained statefully — once a user flow is established through the Array, it is recognized and passed through without application of all defined filtering rules. Stateful inspection runs automatically on the Array. The rest of this section describes how to view and manage filters.The air cleaner feature offers a number of predetermined filter rules that eliminate a great deal of unnecessary wireless traffic. See “Air Cleaner” on page 426. Orange arrow expands/collapses display

Wireless Array352 Configuring the Wireless ArrayFilters are organized in groups, called Filter Lists. A filter list allows you to apply a uniform set of filters to SSIDs or Groups very easily. The read-only Filters window provides you with an overview of all filter lists that have been defined for this Array, and the filters that have been created in each list. Filters are listed in the left side column by name under the filter list to which they belong. Each filter entry is a link that takes you to its Filter Management entry, and the list includes information about the type of filter, the protocol it is filtering, which port it applies to, source and destination addresses, and QoS and VLAN assignments.Filter Lists This window allows you to create filter lists. The Array comes with one predefined list, named Global, which cannot be deleted. Filter lists (including Global) may be applied to SSIDs or to Groups. Only one filter list at a time may be applied to a group or SSID (although the filter list may contain a number of filters). All filters are created within filter lists. Figure 169. Filter Lists

Wireless ArrayConfiguring the Wireless Array 353Procedure for Managing Filter Lists1. Stateful Filtering: Stateful operation of the integrated firewall can be Enabled or Disabled. If you have a large number of filters and you don’t want to apply them in a stateful manner, you may use this option to turn the firewall off.2. Application Control: Operation of the Application Control feature may be Enabled or Disabled. See “Application Control Windows” on page 147.3. New Filter List Name: Enter a name for the new filter list in this field, then click on the Create button to create the list. All new filters are disabled when they are created. The new filter list is added to the Filter List table in the window. Click on the filter list name, and you will be taken to the Filter Management window for that filter list. You may create up to 16 filter lists (up to 8 on the XR-500 Series). 4. On: Check this box to enable this filter list, or leave it blank to disable the list. If the list is disabled, you may still add filters to it or modify it, but none of the filters will be applied to data traffic. 5. Filters: This read-only field displays the number of filters that belong to this filter list.6. SSIDs: This read-only field lists the SSIDs that use this filter list.7. User Groups: This read-only field lists the Groups that use this filter list.8. Delete: Click this button to delete this filter list. The Global filter list may not be deleted.9. Click Save changes to flash if you wish to make your changes permanent.The Application Control feature is only available if the Array license includes Application Control. If a setting is unavailable (grayed out), then your license does not support the feature. See “About Licensing and Upgrades” on page 373.

Wireless Array354 Configuring the Wireless Array10. Click a filter list to go to the Filter Management window to create and manage the filters that belong to this list. Filter Management This window allows you to create and manage filters that belong to a selected filter list, based on the filter criteria you specify. Filters are an especially powerful feature when combined with the intelligence provided by the “Application Control Windows” on page 147. Figure 170. Filter Management Based on Application Control’s analysis of your wireless traffic, you can create filters to enhance wireless usage for your business needs:Usage of non-productive and risky applications like BitTorrent can be restricted.Filters are applied in order, from top to bottom. Click here to change the order.

Wireless ArrayConfiguring the Wireless Array 355Traffic for mission-critical applications like VoIP and WebEx may be given higher priority (QoS).Non- critical traffic from applications like YouTube may be given lower priority (QoS) or bandwidth allowed may be capped per station or for all stations. Traffic flows for specific applications may be controlled by sending them into VLANs that are designated for that type of traffic.Filters may be applied at specified times—for example, no games allowed from 8 AM to 6 PM.Note that filtering is secondary to the stateful inspection performed by the integrated firewall. Traffic for established connections is passed through without the application of these filtering rules.Procedure for Managing Filters1. Filter List: Select the filter list to display and manage on this window. All of the filters already defined for this list are shown, and you may create additional filters for this list. You may create up to 50 filters per list (up to 25 per list on the XR-500 Series).2. Add Preset Filter: A number of predefined “Air Cleaner” filters are available using these buttons. You can use these rules to eliminate a great deal of unnecessary wireless traffic, resulting in improved performance. For more information, please see “Air Cleaner” on page 426. 3. New Filter Name: To add a new filter, enter its name in the field next to the Create button at the bottom of the list, then click Create. All new filters are added to the table of filters in the window. The filter name must be unique within the list, but it may have the same name as a filter in a different filter list. Two filters with the same name in different filter lists will be completely unrelated to each other — they may be defined with different parameter values. Viewing or modifying existing filter entries:4. Filter: Select a filter entry if you wish to modify it. Source and destination details are displayed below the bottom of the list.

Wireless Array356 Configuring the Wireless Array5. On: Use this field to enable or disable this filter.6. Log: Log usage of this filter to Syslog.7. Type: Choose whether this filter will be an Allow filter or a Deny filter. If you define the filter as an Allow filter, then any associations that meet the filter criteria will be allowed. If you define the filter as a Deny filter, any associations that meet the filter criteria will be denied.8. Layer: Select network layer 2 or 3 for operation of this filter.9. Protocol/Number: Choose a specific filter protocol from the pull-down list, or choose numeric and enter a Number, or choose any to instruct the Array to use the best filter. This is a match criterion.10. Application: Shows an application to filter, based on settings from Step 22 and Step 23. If an application has been selected, you should not enterProtocol or Port—application filters have intelligence built into them, and perform filtering that you cannot accomplish with just port and protocol. See “Application Control Windows” on page 147. 11. Port/Number: This is a match criterion. From the pull-down list, choose the target port type for this filter. Choose any to instruct the Array to apply the filter to any port, or choose 1-65534 and enter a Number. To enter a Range of port numbers, separate the start and end numbers with a colon as shown: Start # : End #.12. DSCP: (Differentiated Services Code Point or DiffServ—Optional) Set packets ingressing from the wireless network that match the filter criteria to this DSCP level (0 to 63) before sending them out on the wired network. Select the level from the pull-down list. Level 0 has the lowest priority; level 63 has the highest priority. By default, this field is blank and the filter does not modify DSCP level. See “Understanding QoS Priority on the Wireless Array” on page 247.13. QoS: (Optional) Set packets ingressing from the wired network that match the filter criteria to this QoS level (0 to 3) before sending them out on the wireless network. Select the level from the pull-down list. Level 0

Wireless ArrayConfiguring the Wireless Array 357has the lowest priority; level 3 has the highest priority. By default, this field is blank and the filter does not modify QoS level. See “Understanding QoS Priority on the Wireless Array” on page 247.14. VLAN/Number: (Optional) Set packets that match the filter criteria to this VLAN. Select a VLAN from the pull-down list, or select numeric and enter the number of a previously defined VLAN (see “VLANs” on page 199). 15. Traffic Limit: Instead of prohibiting or allowing the specified traffic type, you may cap the amount of traffic allowed that matches this filter. First choose the units for the limit: kbps for all stations in total or per station, or packets per second (pps) for all stations in total or per station. Then enter the numeric limit in the field to the left.16. Scheduled Time: shows the times at which this filter is active, if you have established a schedule in Step 19. 17. Move Up/Down: The filters are applied in the order in which they are displayed in the list, with filters on the top applied first. To change an entry’s position in the list, just click its Up or Down button. 18. To delete a filter, click its Delete button. Select an existing filter entry in the list to view or modify Scheduling or Address Configuration, shown below the list of filters:19. Scheduling: Use these fields if you wish to specify a scheduled time for this filter to be active. Check the checkboxes for the days that the filter is to be active. By default, the filter is active all day on each selected day. You may also specify a time of day for the filter to be active by entering a Start and Stop time in 24:00 hour format (i.e., 6:30 PM is 18:30). To use this feature, you must enter both a Start and a Stop time.You cannot apply one filter for two or more scheduled periods, but you can create two filters to achieve that. For example, one filter could deny the category Games from 9:00 to 12:00, and another could deny them from 13:00 to 18:00. Similarly, you might create two rules for different

Wireless Array358 Configuring the Wireless Arraydays—one to deny Games Mon-Fri 8:00 to 18:00, and another to deny them on Sat. from 8:00 to 12:00. 20. Source Address: Define a source address to match as a filter criterion. Click the radio button for the desired type of address (or other attribute) to match. Then specify the value to match in the field to the right of the button. Choose Any to use any source address. Check Not to match any address except for the specified address.21. Destination Address: Define a destination address to match as a filter criterion. Click the radio button for the desired type of address (or other attribute) to match. Then specify the value to match in the field to the right of the button. Choose any to use any source address. Check Not to match any address except for the specified address.Below the Source and Destination Addresses, you may enter a Category or an Application to be matched by the filter:22. Category: If you wish this filter to apply to a particular category of application, such as File-Transfer or Database, select it from the listed options. Figure 171. Filter Category or Application23. Applications: If you wish this filter to apply to a specific application, such as WebEx, click the letter or number that it starts with. Then select the desired application. You may select a Category or an Application, but not both.

Wireless ArrayConfiguring the Wireless Array 35924. Click Save changes to flash if you wish to make your changes permanent.See AlsoFiltersFilter StatisticsUnderstanding QoS Priority on the Wireless ArrayVLANs

Wireless Array360 Configuring the Wireless ArrayClusters Clusters allow you to configure multiple Arrays at the same time. Using WMI (or CLI), you may define a set of Arrays that are members of the cluster. Then you may enter Cluster mode for a selected cluster, which sends all successive configuration commands issued via CLI or WMI to all of the member Arrays. When you exit cluster mode, configuration commands revert to applying only to the Array to which you are connected.The read-only Clusters window provides you with an overview of all clusters that have been defined for this Array, and the Arrays that have been added to each. Arrays are listed in the left hand column by name under the cluster to which they belong. Each Array entry displays its IP Address, Username, and Password. Figure 172. ClustersClusters are discussed in the following topics:Cluster DefinitionCluster ManagementCluster OperationAn XR-500 or XR-1000 Series Array cannot act as the Cluster controller. It will operate correctly as a member of a cluster.

Wireless ArrayConfiguring the Wireless Array 361Cluster Definition This window allows you to create clusters. All existing clusters are shown, along with the number of Arrays currently in each. Up to 16 clusters may be created, with up to 50 Arrays in each. Figure 173. Cluster DefinitionProcedure for Managing Cluster Definition1. New Cluster Name: Enter a name for the new cluster in the field to the left of the Create button, then click Create to add this entry. The new cluster is added to the list in the window. Click on the cluster name, and you will be taken to the Cluster Management window for that cluster.2. Delete: To delete a cluster, click its Delete button.3. Click Save changes to flash if you wish to make your changes permanent.4. Click a cluster to go to the Cluster Management window to add or remove Arrays in the cluster. An XR-500 or XR-1000 Series Array cannot act as the Cluster controller. It will operate correctly as a member of a cluster.

Wireless Array362 Configuring the Wireless ArrayCluster Management This window allows you to add Arrays to or delete them from a selected cluster. A cluster may include a maximum of 50 Arrays. Note that the Array on which you are currently running WMI is not automatically a member of the cluster. If you would like it to be a member, you must add it explicitly. Figure 174. Cluster ManagementProcedure for Managing Clusters1. Edit Cluster: Select the cluster to display and manage on this window. All of the Arrays already defined for this cluster are shown, and you may add additional Arrays to this list.2. Array: Enter the hostname or IP address of the Array that you wish to add to this cluster. 3. Username/Password: In these columns, enter the administrator name and password for access to the Array. 4. Click the Add Array button to enter the Array. 5. To delete an Array, click its Delete button. 6. Click Save changes to flash if you wish to make your changes permanent.An XR-500 or XR-1000 Series Array cannot act as the Cluster controller. It will operate correctly as a member of a cluster.

Wireless ArrayConfiguring the Wireless Array 363Cluster Operation This window puts WMI into Cluster Mode. In this mode, all configuration operations that you execute in WMI or CLI are performed on the members of the cluster. They are not performed on the Array where you are running WMI, unless it is a member of the cluster. You must use the Save changes to flash button at the top of configuration windows to permanently save your changes in Cluster Mode, just as you would in normal operation. When you are done configuring Arrays in the cluster, return to this window and click the Exit button to leave Cluster Mode. Figure 175. Cluster Mode OperationProcedure for Operating in Cluster Mode1. Operate: Click the Operate button to the right of the desired cluster. A message informs you that you are operating in cluster mode. Click OK. The Operate button is replaced with an Exit button.Figure 176. Cluster Mode Activation2. Select a WMI window for settings that you wish to configure for the cluster, and proceed to make the desired changes. An XR-500 or XR-1000 Series Array cannot act as the Cluster controller. It will operate correctly as a member of a cluster.

Wireless Array364 Configuring the Wireless Array3. Proceed to any additional pages where you wish to make changes. 4. Some Status and Statistics windows will present information for all Arrays in the cluster. 5. Click the Save button when done if you wish to save changes on the cluster member Arrays.6. Exit: Click the Exit button to the right of the operating cluster to terminate Cluster Mode. The WMI returns to normal operation — managing only the Array to which it is connected. Status and Statistics Windows in Cluster ModeIn Cluster Mode, many of the Status and Statistics windows will display information for all of the members of the cluster. You can tell whether a window displays cluster information — if so, it will display the Cluster Name near the top, as shown in Figure 177. Figure 177. Viewing Statistics in Cluster ModeCluster NameSpecify GroupingExit Cluster Mode

Wireless ArrayConfiguring the Wireless Array 365You have the option to show aggregate information for the cluster members, or click the Group by Array check box to separate it out for each Array.You may terminate cluster mode operation by clicking the Exit button to the right of the Group by Array check box.

Wireless Array366 Configuring the Wireless ArrayMobileMobile Device Management (MDM) servers enable you to manage large-scale deployments of mobile devices. They may include capabilities to handle tasks such as enrolling devices in your environment, configuring and updating device settings over-the-air, enforcing security policies and compliance, securing mobile access to your resources, and remotely locking and wiping managed devices. Xirrus Arrays/APs support the AirWatch MDM, using an AirWatch API call to determine the status of a user’s device and allow access to the wireless network only if the device is enrolled and compliant with the policies of the service. AirWatchIndividual SSIDs may be configured to require AirWatch enrollment and compliance before a mobile device such as a smartphone or tablet is admitted to the wireless network. The Array uses the AirWatch API with the settings below to request that AirWatch check whether the mobile device is enrolled and compliant with your wireless policies.Figure 178. AirWatch SettingsBefore configuring AirWatch settings on the Array, you must have an AirWatch account, already set up with your organization’s compliance policies and other configuration as required by AirWatch.

Wireless ArrayConfiguring the Wireless Array 367The Array settings entered on this page are mostly taken from AirWatch. Once you have entered these settings, your users will be constrained to follow a set of steps to access the wireless network, as described in “User Procedure for Wireless Access” on page 368.Procedure for Managing AirWatch If you have configured the Mobile Device Management setting on one or more SSIDs to use AirWatch, then the API specified below will be used to determine the admissibility of a mobile device requesting a connection to the wireless network.1. API URL: Obtain this from your AirWatch server’s System / Advanced / Site URLs page. Copy the REST API URL string into this field. This specifies the AirWatch API that the Array will call to determine the enrollment and compliance status of a mobile device attempting to connect to the Array. The steps that the user will need to take are described in “User Procedure for Wireless Access” on page 368.2. API Key: Obtain this from your AirWatch server. Go to the System / Advanced / API / REST page, General tab, and copy the API Key string into this field. The key is required for access to the API. 3. API Username: Enter the user name for your account on the AirWatch server. 4. API Password: Enter the password for your account on the AirWatch server. 5. API Timeout: (seconds) If AirWatch does not respond within this many seconds, the request fails.6. API Polling Period: (seconds) Mobile device enrollment and compliance status will be checked via polling at this interval. Note that there may thus be a delay before the mobile device will be admitted. 7. API Access Error: Specify whether or not to allow access if AirWatch fails to respond. The default is to Block access.

Wireless Array368 Configuring the Wireless Array8. Redirect URL: Obtain this from your AirWatch server. Go to the System / Advanced / Site URLs page, and copy the Enrollment URL string into this field. When a mobile device that is not currently enrolled with AirWatch attempts to connect to the Array, the device displays a page directing the user to install the AirWatch agent and go to the AirWatch enrollment page. Note that Android devices will need another form of network access (i.e. cellular) to download the agent, since un-enrolled devices will not have access to download it via the Array. See “User Procedure for Wireless Access” on page 368 for more details.9. You must configure the Mobile Device Management setting on one or more SSIDs to use AirWatch, as described in Procedure for Managing SSIDs (see Step 16 on page 258). User Procedure for Wireless Access1. A user attempts to connect a mobile device to an SSID that uses AirWatch.2. The device will authenticate according to the SSID’s authentication settings (Open, Radius MAC, 802.1x).3. The user browses to any destination on the Internet.The Array asks the user to wait while it checks device enrollment and compliance status by querying the AirWatch API with the device MAC address. 4. If AirWatch responds that the device is enrolled and compliant, the device will be allowed into the network. The device will be considered compliant if AirWatch finds that the device does not violate any applicable policies for that device. (If no policies are assigned to the device in AirWatch, then the device is compliant by default.)Device enrollment and compliance status will be checked via polling so there may be a delay before the device will be allowed in. That delay will depend on the API Polling Period setting.

Wireless ArrayConfiguring the Wireless Array 3695. If the device is not enrolled, all user traffic will be blocked, except that HTTP traffic is redirected to an intermediate page on the Array that tells the user to download and install the AirWatch agent. The page displays a link to the AirWatch-provided device enrollment URL. This link is a pass-though that allows the user to go through the enrollment process. The user will need to enter your organization’s AirWatch Group ID and individual account credentials when requested.Once the agent is installed, the user must start again at Step 1.6. If the device is enrolled with AirWatch but not compliant with applicable policies, all traffic will be blocked as in Step 5 above, and the HTTP traffic will be redirected to an intermediate page on the Array that tells the user which policies are out of compliance.This page contains a button for the user to click when the compliance issues have been corrected. This button causes AirWatch to again check device compliance. The user's browser is redirected to a “wait” page until the Array has confirmed compliance with AirWatch. The user’s browser is then redirected to a page announcing that the device is now allowed network access.7. If the Array is unable to access AirWatch to obtain enrollment and compliance status (for example, due to bad credentials, timeout, etc.), device access to the network will be granted according to the API Access Error setting (Allow or Block). If this field is set to Block, traffic will be blocked as in Step 5 above and HTTP traffic will be redirected to an informational page that informs the user that AirWatch cannot be Android devices must go to the PlayStore to install the agent BEFORE they can go through the enrollment process. This means un-enrolled devices need another form of network access (i.e., cellular or an unrestricted SSID) to download this agent, as they are not permitted access to the PlayStore.Once the agent is installed, the user must start again at Step 1.

Wireless Array370 Configuring the Wireless Arraycontacted at this time and advises the user to contact the network administrator. If this field is set to Allow, then the device will be allowed network access.

Wireless ArrayUsing Tools on the Wireless Array 371Using Tools on the Wireless ArrayThese WMI windows allow you to perform administrative tasks on your Array, such as upgrading software, rebooting, uploading and downloading configuration files, and other utility tasks. Tools are described in the following sections: “System Tools” on page 372“CLI” on page 385“API Documentation” on page 387“Options” on page 392 “Logout” on page 395Note that the Too ls menu section may be collapsed down to hide the headings under it by clicking it. Click again to display the headings. (See Figure 41 on page 85) This section does not discuss using status or configuration windows. For information on those windows, please see: “Viewing Status on the Wireless Array” on page 91“Configuring the Wireless Array” on page 157If you are a Cloud XMS customer, then Arrays are managed via the cloud, and local Array management interfaces are inaccessible. If the Array is being managed by your own server for XMS Release 6.5 or above, and if the Array has been assigned to a named network in XMS, you will be restricted to read-only Array access. See “XMS-Managed Arrays Restrict Local Management” on page 78.

Wireless Array372 Using Tools on the Wireless ArraySystem ToolsFigure 179. System ToolsStatus is shown hereProgress is shown here

Wireless ArrayUsing Tools on the Wireless Array 373This window allows you to manage files for software images, configuration, and Web Page Redirect (WPR), manage the system’s configuration parameters, reboot the system, and use diagnostic tools.About Licensing and UpgradesThe Array’s license determines some of the features that are available on the Array. For example, the Application Control feature is an option that must be separately licensed. To check the features supported by your license, see “Array Information” on page 98. If you are using XMS Cloud, then obtaining Array licenses and upgrading software images is taken care of for you automatically. When upgrading the Array for a new major release, the Array needs the new license key that enables the operation of that release before upgrading. If you do not obtain the new license first, the Array will display a message and revert to the previous software image, rather than trying to run new software for which it is not licensed. Major releases will need a new license key, but minor releases will not. For example, to upgrade from ArrayOS Release 6.0.5 to Release 6.1, you must enter a new license key. To upgrade from ArrayOS Release 6.0.1 to Release 6.0.3,use your existing license key.If you are not an XMS Cloud customer (licenses are automatically updated) or an XMS customer who has set up a network wide update, you may use the Auto-provisioning Start button to get an updated license from Xirrus before performing an upgrade. If you will be entering license keys and performing upgrades on many Arrays, the effort will be streamlined by using the Xirrus Management System (XMS), especially if you are using XMS Cloud.Procedure for Configuring System ToolsThese tools are broken down into the following sections:SystemConfigurationDiagnostics

Wireless Array374 Using Tools on the Wireless ArrayDiagnosticsWeb Page RedirectNetwork ToolsProgress and Status FramesSystem1. Save & Reboot or Reboot: Use Save & Reboot to save the current configuration and then reboot the Array. The LEDs on the Array indicate the progress of the reboot, as described in “Powering Up the Wireless Array” on page 64. Alternatively, use the Reboot button to discard any configuration changes which have not been saved since the last reboot. You may specify an optional Delay period in seconds to wait before the reboot starts. 2. Software Upgrade: This feature upgrades the ArrayOS to a newer version provided by Xirrus. Please note that you typically will need an updated license key to cover the upgrade’s features before clicking the Upgrade button. If you are an XMS Cloud customer, your license will be updated for you automatically. See “About Licensing and Upgrades” on page 373 for details. Enter the filename and directory location (or click on the Browse button to locate the software upgrade file), then click on the Upgrade button to upload the new file to the Array. Progress of the operation will be displayed below, in the Progress section. Completion status of the operation is shown in the Status section. This operation does not run the new software or change any configured values. The existing software continues to run on the Array until you reboot, at which time the uploaded software will be used. An upgrade will, however, automatically save a copy of the current configuration of the Array. See Step 8 on page 377.

Wireless ArrayUsing Tools on the Wireless Array 3753. License Key/Auto-provisioning: If you need an updated license (for example, if you are upgrading an Array to a new major release—say, from 6.4 to 6.5, and you are not using XMS to perform network-wide updates), the best way to obtain one is through Auto-provisioning. Click the Start button, and the Array will contact the Xirrus Mobilize server with its serial number and MAC address to obtain and install its latest license. If the Array is unable to access the activation server, it will continue to attempt to contact the server at intervals specified by the Polling Interval (the default value is one minute). Click the Stop button if you wish to stop contacting the server.If you need to enter a new license key manually, use the License Key field to enter it, then click the Apply button to the right. A valid license is required for Array operation, and it controls the features available on the Array. If you upgrade your Array for additional features, you will be provided with a license key to activate those capabilities. A license update will automatically save a copy of the current configuration of the Array. See Step 8 on page 377.If you attempt to enter an invalid key, you will receive an error message and the current key will not be replaced.If you have difficulty upgrading the Array using the WMI, see “Upgrading the Array via CLI” on page 494 for a lower-level procedure you may use. Software Upgrade always uploads the file in binary mode. If you transfer any image file to your computer to have it available for the Software Upgrade command, it is critical to remember to transfer it (ftp, tftp) in binary mode!If you are managing your network with XMS Cloud, license updates and software upgrades are performed for you automatically.

Wireless Array376 Using Tools on the Wireless ArrayAutomatic Updates from Remote Image or Configuration File The Array software image or configuration file can be downloaded from an external server. In large deployments, all Arrays can be pointed to one TFTP server instead of explicitly initiating software image uploads to all Arrays. When the Array boots, the Array will download the software image from the specified TFTP server. Similarly, if you decide to change a setting in the Arrays, you can simply modify a single configuration file. After the Arrays are rebooted, they will automatically download the new configuration file from a single location on the specified TFTP server. 4. Remote TFTP Server: This field defines the path to a TFTP server to be used for automated remote update of software image and configuration files when rebooting. You may specify the server using an IP address or host name. 5. Remote Boot Image: When the Array boots up, it fetches the software image file specified here from the TFTP server defined above, and upgrades to this image before booting. This must be an Array image file with a .bin extension. Make sure to place the file on the TFTP server. If you disable the remote boot image (by blanking out this field) or if the image can't be transferred, the Array will fall back to booting whatever image is on the compact flash. Trial licenses: If you enter a trial license to try new premium features, then when the trial expires the perpetual license will be restored automatically without requiring a reboot. When the trial expires, the current Array configuration will not be lost.

Wireless ArrayUsing Tools on the Wireless Array 377 6. Remote Configuration: When the Array boots up, it fetches the specified configuration file from the TFTP server defined above, and applies this configuration after the local configuration is applied. The remote configuration must be an Array configuration file with a .conf extension. Make sure to place the file on the TFTP server. A partial configuration file may be used. For instance, if you wish to use a single configuration file for all of your Arrays but don't want to have the same IP address for each Array, you may remove the ipaddr line from the file. You can then load the file on each Array and the local IP addresses will not change.A remote configuration is never saved to the compact flash unless you issue a Save command.Configuration7. Update from Remote File: This field allows you to define the path to a configuration file (one that you previously saved — see Step 9 and Step 10 below). Click on the Browse button if you need to browse for the location of the file, then click Update to update your configuration settings.8. Update from Local File: This field updates Array settings from a local configuration file on the Array. Select one of the following files from the drop-down list: •factory.conf: The factory default settings.•lastboot.conf: The setting values from just before the last reboot.•saved.conf: The last settings that were explicitly saved using the Save changes to flash button at the top of each window.The Remote Boot Image or Remote Configuration update happens every time that the Array reboots. If you only want to fetch the remote image or configuration file one time, be sure to turn off the remote option (blank out the field on the System Tools page) after the initial download. When a remote boot image is used, the image is transferred directly into memory and is never written to the compact flash.

Wireless Array378 Using Tools on the Wireless Array•history/saved-yyyymmdd-pre-update.conf:history/saved-yyyymmdd-post-update.conf:Two files are automatically saved for a software upgrade or for a license change (including the setting values from just before the upgrade/change was performed, and the initial values afterward. The filename includes the date.•history/saved-yyyymmdd-auto.conf: Each time you use the Save changes to flash button, an “auto” file is saved with the settings current at that time. •history/saved-yyyymmdd-pre-reset.conf: history/saved-yyyymmdd-post-reset.conf:Each time you use one of the Reset to Factory Default buttons, two files are saved: the setting values from just before the reset, and the initial values afterward. The filename includes the reset date.•history/saved-yyyymmdd-hhmm.conf: The setting values that were explicitly saved using the Set Restore Point button (see Step 9 below).Click Update to update your configuration settings by appending to the current Array configuration. Click Restore to replace the Array configuration with the configuration file selected.Note that the History folder allows a maximum of 16 files. The oldest file is automatically deleted to make room for each new file.9. Save to Local File: There are a few options for explicitly requesting the Array to save your current configuration to a file on the Array:•To view the list of configuration files currently on the Array, click the down arrow to the right of this field. If you wish to replace one of these files (i.e., save the current configuration under an existing file name), select the file, then click Save. Note that you cannot save to the file names factory.conf, lastboot.conf, and saved.conf - these files are write-protected.•You may enter the desired file name, then click Save.

Wireless ArrayUsing Tools on the Wireless Array 379•Click Set Restore Point to save a copy of the current configuration, basing the file name on the current date and time. For example: history/saved-20100318-1842.confNote that the configuration is automatically saved to a file in a few situations, as described in Step 8 above. 10. Download Current Configuration: Click on the link titled xs_current.conf to download the Array’s current configuration settings to a file (that you can upload back to the Array at a later date). The system will prompt you for a destination for the file. The file will contain the Array’s current configuration values.11. Reset to Factory Defaults: Click on the Reset/Preserve IP Settings button to reset the system’s current configuration settings to the factory default values, except for the Array’s management IP address which is left unchanged. This function allows you to maintain management connectivity to the Array even after the reset. This will retain the Gigabit Ethernet port’s IP address (see “Network Interfaces” on page 167), or if you have configured management over a VLAN it will maintain the management VLAN’s IP address (see “VLAN Management” on page 201). All other previous configuration settings will be lost.Click Reset to reset all of the system’s current configuration settings to the factory default values, including the management IP address — all previous configuration settings will be lost. The Array’s Gigabit Ethernet ports default to using DHCP to obtain an IP address. Important! When you have initially configured your Array, or have made significant changes to its configuration, we strongly recommend that you save the configuration to a file in order to have a safe backup of your working configuration.If the IP settings change, the connection to the WMI may be lost.

$Wireless Array380 Using Tools on the Wireless ArrayDiagnostics12. Diagnostic Log: Click the Create button to save a snapshot of Array information for use by Xirrus Customer Support personnel. The Progress and Status Frames show the progress of this operation. When the process is complete, the filename xs_diagnostic.log will be displayed in blue and provides a link to the newly created log file. Click the link to download this file. You will be asked to specify the location for saving the file. (Figure 180) Figure 180. Saving the Diagnostic LogThis feature is only used at the request of Customer Support. It saves all of the information regarding your Array, including status, configuration, statistics, log files, and recently performed actions. The diagnostic log is always saved as a file named xs_diagnostic.logon your C:\ drive, so you should immediately rename the file to save it. This way, it will not be lost the next time you save a diagnostic log. Often, Customer Support will instruct you to save two diagnostic logs about ten minutes apart so that they can examine the difference in statistics between the two snapshots (for example, to see traffic and error statistics for the interval). Thus, you must rename the first diagnostic log file. 13. Health Log: This file is created automatically, but only if the Array encounters unexpected and serious problems. Normally this file will not exist. The Diagnostic Log Create button has no effect on this file All passwords are stored on the array in an encrypted form and will not be exposed in the diagnostic log. Click Create to create logThen click this link to save log file to local computer$

Wireless ArrayUsing Tools on the Wireless Array 381whatsoever. When a health log exists, the filename xs_health.log.bz2 is displayed in blue and provides a link to the log file. Click the link to download this file or to open it with your choice of application. This file is normally only used at the request of Customer Support. Application Control Signature File ManagementApplication Control recognizes applications using a file containing the signatures of hundreds of applications. This file may be updated regularly to keep up as Internet usage evolves over time. The latest signature file is available from the same location that you use to download the latest ArrayOS release: Xirrus ArrayOS - XR Platform Latest Release. Note that new ArrayOS releases will automatically contain the latest signature file available at the time of the build. See “Application Control Windows” on page 147 for more information about using Application Control.Figure 181. Managing Application Control Signature files14. Choose File: First, download the latest signature file from the Xirrus Customer Support site: Xirrus ArrayOS - XR Platform Latest Release to your file system. Click the Choose File button, then browse to locate the new signature file. Click the Upload button when it appears. The new file will be uploaded to the Array and will be used for identifying applications. You must turn Application Control off and back on againon the Filter Lists page to make the new signature file take effect. See “Filter Lists” on page 352. No reboot is required.

Wireless Array382 Using Tools on the Wireless ArrayWeb Page RedirectThe Array uses a Perl script and a cascading style sheet to define the default splash/login Web page that the Array delivers for WPR. You may replace these files with files for one or more custom pages of your own. See Step 17 below to view the default files. See Step 14 on page 257 for more information about WPR and how the splash/login page is used.Each SSID that has WPR enabled may have its own page. Custom files for a specific SSID must be named based on the SSID name. For example, if the SSID is named Public, the default wpr.pl and hs.css files should be modified as desired and renamed to wpr-Public.pl and hs-Public.css before uploading to the Array. If you modify and upload files named wpr.pl and hs.css, they will replace the factory default files and will be used for any SSID that does not have its own custom files, per the naming convention just described. Be careful not to replace the default files unintentionally. Figure 182. Managing WPR Splash/Login page files15. Upload File: Use this to install files for your own custom WPR splash/login page (as described above) on the Array. Note that uploaded files are not immediately used - you must reboot the Array first. At that time, the Array looks for and uses these files, if found. Enter the filename and directory location (or click Browse to locate the splash/login page files), then click on the Upload button to upload the new files to the Array. You must reboot to make your changes take effect.

Wireless ArrayUsing Tools on the Wireless Array 38316. Remove File: Enter the name of the WPR file you want to remove, then click on the Delete button. You can use the List Files button to show you a list of files that have been saved on the Array for WPR. The list is displayed in the Status section at the bottom of the WMI window. You must reboot to make your changes take effect. 17. Download Sample Files: Click on a link to access the corresponding sample WPR files:•wpr.pl — a sample Perl script. •hs.css — a sample cascading style sheet.Network ToolsFigure 183. System Command (Ping) 18. System Command: Choose Trace Route, Ping., or RADIUS Ping. For Trace Route and Ping, fill in IP Address and Timeout. Then click the Execute button to run the command. The RADIUS Ping command is a simple utility that tests connectivity to a RADIUS server by attempting to log in with the specified Username and Password. When using a RADIUS server, this command allows you to verify that the server configuration is correct and whether a particular Username and Password are set up properly. If a client is having trouble

Wireless Array384 Using Tools on the Wireless Arrayaccessing the network, you can quickly determine if there is a basic RADIUS problem by using the RADIUS Ping tool. For example, in Figure 184 (A), RADIUS Ping is unable to contact the server. In Figure 184 (B), RADIUS Ping verifies that the host information and secret for a RADIUS server are correct, but that the user account information is not. Select RADIUS allows you to select a RADIUS server that you have already configured. When you make a choice in this field, additional fields will be displayed. Set Select RADIUS to External Radius, Internal Radius, or a server specified for a particular SSID, or select Other Serverto specify another server by entering its Host name or IP address, Port, and shared Secret. Enter the RADIUS Credentials: Username and Password. Select the Authentication Type, PAP or CHAP. Click the Execute button to run the command. The message Testing RADIUS connection appears. Click OKto proceed. Figure 184. Radius Ping Output19. IP Address: For Ping or Trace Route, enter the IP address of the target device.20. Timeout: For Ping or Trace Route, enter a value (in seconds) before the action times out.AB

Wireless ArrayUsing Tools on the Wireless Array 38521. Execute System Command: Click Execute to start the specified command. Progress of command execution is displayed in the Progressframe. Results are displayed in the Status frame.Progress and Status FramesThe Progress frame displays a progress bar for commands such as Software Upgrade and Ping. The Status frame presents the output from system commands (Ping and Trace Route), as well as other information, such as the results of software upgrade.22. If you want to save the parameters you established in this window for future sessions, click on the Save changes to flash button.CLI The WMI provides this window to allow you to use the Array’s Command Line Interface (CLI). You can enter commands to configure the Array, or display information using show commands. You will not need to log in - you already logged in to the Array when you started the WMI.Figure 185. CLI Window

Wireless Array386 Using Tools on the Wireless ArrayTo enter a command, simply type it in. The command is echoed and output is shown in the normal way — that is, the same way it would be if you were using the CLI directly. You may use the extra scroll bar inside the right edge of the window to scroll through your output. If output runs past the right edge of the screen, there is also a horizontal scroll bar at the bottom of the page. This window has some minor differences, compared to direct use of the CLI via the console or an SSH connection:The CLI starts in config mode. All configuration and show commands are available in this mode. You can “drill down” the mode further in the usual way. For example, you can type interface iap to change the mode to config-iap. The prompt will indicate the current command mode, for example:My-Array(config-iap) # You can abbreviate a command and it will be executed if you have typed enough of the command to be unambiguous. The command will not auto-complete, however. Only the abbreviated command that you actually typed will be shown. You can type a partial command and press Tab to have the command auto-complete. If the partial command is ambiguous a list of legal endings is displayed. Entering quit will return you to the previously viewed WMI page.Most, but not all, CLI commands can be run in this window. Specifically the run-test menu of commands is not available in this window. To use the run-test command, please connect using SSH and use CLI directly, or use the System Tools described in this chapter, such as Trace Route, Ping, and RADIUS Ping. Help commands (the ? character) are available, either at the prompt or after you have typed part of a command.

Wireless ArrayUsing Tools on the Wireless Array 387API DocumentationArrays provide an API interface conforming to the RESTful API model. Developers may use this read-only API to read status, statistics, and settings from the Array. The interactive API Documentation page provides documentation for the API. You may use the Array’s API for purposes such as integrating with third party applications or creating your own applications for network monitoring and analysis. Using the RESTful API eliminates the need to use CLI scripting, or to use SNMP which can be cumbersome for polling large amounts of data. Results are returned in JSON format (JavaScript Object Notation), a text-based open standard designed for human-readable data interchange. The API documentation is tightly integrated with the server code. The API Documentation page allows you to interact with the API in a sandbox UI that gives clear insight into how the API responds to parameters and options. Security for the API is provided with OAuth, as described in “OAuth 2.0 Management” on page 243. Once registration is completed and a permanent token for this Array has been obtained, your application may access the RESTful API using the client_id and the token at the following URL: https://[Array hostname or IP address]/api/v1/[api-name] The API Documentation page lists all of the APIs that are available, lists their calling parameters, if any, and allows you to perform sample calls and view sample output. Figure 186. API Documentation

Wireless Array388 Using Tools on the Wireless ArrayStatus/SettingsThe RESTful API on the Array is broken into these two main headings: status and settings. Each is a node that may be clicked to expand or collapse the list of corresponding API requests available on the Array. Since this is a read-only API, the list consists exclusively of GET operations.The figure below shows part of the list displayed by clicking /settings. Click again to collapse (hide) the list.Figure 187. API — Settings Requests ListStatus requests include GET requests for many of the status and statistics items described in the chapter titled, “Viewing Status on the Wireless Array” on page 91. Settings requests include GET requests for many of the settings described in the chapter titled, “Configuring the Wireless Array” on page 157

Wireless ArrayUsing Tools on the Wireless Array 389GET RequestsEach request name in the list is a link. Click it to see more information and to try the API and see its output. The figure below shows the GET request for ethernet-stats{name}. Click again to collapse (hide) the API details.heFigure 188. API — GET Request Details High-level details are shown, including the Response Class name and the Response Content Type (limited to JSON at this time). Trying a GET RequestThe Try it out! button allows you to send the GET request to the Array API and see its response. Developers can use this feature to design and implement applications that use this response.Enter any necessary Parameters and click the Try it out! button. Most GET requests do not use any parameters. If they are required, their names will be listed and there will be a field or a drop-down list to specify each one. An example is shown in Figure 188. In some cases, there may be two versions of a request, with and without parameters. For example, GET /ethernet-stats/{name} returns status

Wireless Array390 Using Tools on the Wireless Arrayand statistics for a particular Ethernet port, while GET /ethernet-stats/ returns information for all Ethernet ports. Figure 189. API — GET Request ResponseThe figure above shows the response for ethernet-stats{name}. The response is produced in the human-readable JSON format. The status and statistics data shown are as described in “Viewing Status on the Wireless Array” on page 91. Click Hide Response if you wish to hide the output.

Wireless ArrayUsing Tools on the Wireless Array 391The Response Code and the Response Header are standard for HTTP(S). API Documentation ToolbarFigure 190. API Documentation ToolbarThe Status and Settings sections each have a toolbar as shown above, offering the following options.Show/Hide—expands or collapses this list of GET requests. Hiding and then showing again displays the requests as they were before, i.e., expanded GET requests will still be expanded when displayed again. List Operations—expands this list of GET requests. Each individual entry is collapsed.Expand Operations—shows all of the GET requests in this list. Each individual entry is expanded.Raw—shows the source XML code for this list of GET requests. Click the link for the API Documentation page again to return to the normal display.

Wireless Array392 Using Tools on the Wireless ArrayOptionsThis window allows you to customize the behavior and appearance of the WMI.By default, the Array uses the New style option, shown below.Figure 191. WMI Display OptionsProcedure for Configuring Options1. Style: This option allows you to change the appearance and operation of the user interface. Select one of the available styles from the drop-down list. Click the Apply button to view the WMI with the selected style. Note that some styles just change the display appearance (the skin) of WMI, in much the same way as changing the display theme used in Windows 7. Other styles include more extensive changes to the interface.

Wireless ArrayUsing Tools on the Wireless Array 393Figure 192. iPhone Style Option For example, the iPhone style option (Figure 192) has a more compact display, suitable for use on smart phones. It shows the main menu in the orange bar at the top, rather than as a tree in its own frame on the left. Clicking one of the menu choices at the top in Figure 192 will display a drop-down menu with the options for that menu choice. Menus may be toggled on and off by clicking on the headers (Status, Configuration, etc.). 2. Refresh Interval in Seconds: Many of the windows in the Status section of the WMI have an Auto Refresh option. You may use this setting to change how often a status or statistics window is refreshed, if its auto refresh option is enabled. Enter the desired number of seconds between refreshes. The default refresh interval is 30 seconds.

Wireless Array394 Using Tools on the Wireless Array3. Close Menu Section when Deselected: When you click a main section such as SSIDs in the left frame of the WMI (the navigation tree), the section is expanded to show submenu choices. Click Yes to automatically close any open submenus when you select a different section. If you click No, all menu sections will remain expanded once opened. No is the default. Note that if you enable this feature and you expand a section by clicking its orange arrow, the section will stay open as you select windows in other menu sections. 4. Clear Screen When Loading New Page: When this option is enabled and you click on a page that takes a long time to load for any reason, the main area of the screen is blanked out and displays a Loading… message. If this option is disabled, WMI simply shows the page you were viewing until the new page loads.

Wireless ArrayUsing Tools on the Wireless Array 395LogoutClick on the Logout button to terminate your session. When the session is terminated, you are presented with the Array’s login window.Figure 193. Login Window

Wireless Array396 Using Tools on the Wireless Array

Wireless ArrayThe Command Line Interface 397The Command Line InterfaceThis section covers the commands and the command structure used by the Wireless Array’s Command Line Interface (CLI), and provides a procedure for establishing an SSH connection to the Array. Topics discussed include: “Establishing a Secure Shell (SSH) Connection” on page 398.“Getting Started with the CLI” on page 399.“Top Level Commands” on page 401.“Configuration Commands” on page 410.“Sample Configuration Tasks” on page 454.See AlsoEstablishing CommunicationNetwork MapSystem ToolsIf you are a Cloud XMS customer, then Arrays are managed via the cloud, and local Array management interfaces are inaccessible. If the Array is being managed by your own server for XMS Release 6.5 or above, and if the Array has been assigned to a named network in XMS, you will be restricted to read-only Array access. See “XMS-Managed Arrays Restrict Local Management” on page 78.Some commands are only available if the Array’s license includes appropriate Xirrus Advanced Feature Sets. If a command is unavailable, an error message will notify you that your license does not support the feature. See “About Licensing and Upgrades” on page 373.

Wireless Array398 The Command Line InterfaceEstablishing a Secure Shell (SSH) ConnectionUse this procedure to initialize the system and log in to the Command Line Interface (CLI) via a Secure Shell (SSH) utility, such as PuTTY. When connecting to the unit’s Command Line Interface over a network connection, you must use a Secure SHell version 2 (SSH-2) utility. Make sure that your SSH utility is set up to use SSH-2. 1. Start your SSH session and communicate with the Array via its IP address. •If the Array is connected to a network that uses DHCP, use the address assigned by DHCP. We recommend that you have the network administrator assign a reserved address to the Array for ease of access in the future.•If the network does not use DHCP, use the factory default address 10.0.2.1 to access either the Gigabit 1 or Gigabit 2 Ethernet port. You may need to change the IP address of the port on your computer that is connected to the Array — change that port’s IP address so that it is on the same 10.0.2.xx subnet as the Array port.2. At the login prompt, enter your user name and password (the default for both is admin). Login names and passwords are case-sensitive. You are now logged in to the Array’s Command Line Interface.Figure 194. Logging In

Wireless ArrayThe Command Line Interface 399Getting Started with the CLIThe root command prompt (Root Command Prompt) is the first prompt you see after logging in to the CLI. If you are at a level other than the root command prompt you can return to this prompt at any time by using the exit command to step back through each command prompt level. The root command prompt you see in the CLI window is determined by the host name you assigned to your Array. The prompt Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array is displayed throughout this document simply because this is the host name assigned to the Array used for development. To terminate your session at any time, use the quit command.Inputting CommandsWhen inputting commands you need only type as many characters as the system requires before it recognizes your input. For example, you can type the abbreviated term config to access the configure prompt.Getting HelpThe CLI offers the following two levels of assistance:help CommandThe help command is only available at the root command prompt. Initiating this command generates a window that provides information about the types of help that are available with the CLI.Figure 195. Help Window

Wireless Array400 The Command Line Interface? CommandThis command is available at any prompt and provides either FULL or PARTIAL help. Using the ? (question mark) command when you are ready to enter an argument will display all the possible arguments (full help). Partial help is provided when you enter an abbreviated argument and you want to know what arguments will match your input.Figure 196. Full HelpFigure 197 shows an example of how the Help system can provide the argument and format when specifying the time zone under the date-timecommand.Figure 197. Partial Help

Wireless ArrayThe Command Line Interface 401Top Level CommandsThis section offers an at-a-glance view of all top level commands — organized alphabetically. Top level commands are defined here as commands that are directly accessible from the root command prompt (Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array#). The root command prompt is based on the host name assigned to your Array. When inputting commands, be aware that all commands are case-sensitive.All other commands are considered second level configuration commands — these are the commands you use to configure specific elements of the Array’s features and functionality. For a listing of these commands with examples of command formats and structure, go to “Configuration Commands” on page 410.Root Command PromptThe following table shows the top level commands that are available from the root command prompt [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array].Command Description@ Type @n to execute command n (as shown by the history command).configure Enter the configuration mode. See “Configuration Commands” on page 410. exit Exit the CLI and terminate your session — if this command is used at any level other than the root command prompt you will simply exit the current level (step back) and return to the previous level.help Show a description of the interactive help system. See also, “Getting Help” on page 399. history List history of commands that have been executed.more Turn terminal pagination ON or OFF.quit Exit the Command Line Interface (from any level).search Search for pattern in show command output.

Wireless Array402 The Command Line Interfaceconfigure CommandsThe following table shows the second level commands that are available with the top level configure command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)#].show Display information about the selected item. See “show Commands” on page 405. statistics Display statistical data about the Array. See “statistics Commands” on page 408. uptime Display the elapsed time since the last boot.xms-override Override XMS managed mode and allow local configuration changes according to your user privileges. See “XMS-Managed Arrays Restrict Local Management” on page 78.Command Description@ Type @n to execute command n (as shown by the history command).acl Configure the Access Control List.admin Define administrator access parameters.auth Configure Oauth tokens. cdp Configure Cisco Discovery Protocol settings. clear Remove/clear the requested elements.cluster Make configuration changes to multiple Arrays.contact-info Contact information for assistance on this Array.date-time Configure date and time settings.dhcp-server Configure the DHCP Server.dns Configure the DNS settings.Command Description

Wireless ArrayThe Command Line Interface 403end Exit the configuration mode.exit Go UP one mode level.file Manage the file system.filter Define protocol filter parameters.group Define user groups with parameter settingshelp Description of the interactive Help system.history List history of commands that have been executed.hostname Host name for this Array.interface Select the interface to configure.load Load running configuration from flashlocation Location name for this Array.location-reportingConfigure location server settings.management Configure Array management parametersmdm Configure mobile device management server settings.more Turn ON or OFF terminal pagination.netflow Configure NetFlow data collector. no Disable (if enabled) or set to default value.quick-config Apply configuration template for typical deployment scenario.quit Exit the Command Line Interface.radius-server Configure the RADIUS server parameters.Command Description

Wireless Array404 The Command Line Interfacereboot Reboot the Array.reset Reset all settings to their factory default values and reboot.restore Reset all settings to their factory default values and reboot.revert Revert to saved configuration after specified delay in seconds if configuration not saved.roaming-assist Set parameters for roaming assistance.run-tests Run selective tests.save Save the running configuration to FLASH.search Search for pattern in show command output.security Set the security parameters for the Array.show Display current information about the selected item.snmp Enable, disable or configure SNMP.ssid Configure the SSID parameters.statistics Display statistics.syslog Enable, disable or configure the Syslog Server.tunnel Configure tunnels.uptime Display time since the last boot.vlan Configure VLAN parameters.wifi-tag Configure VLAN parameters.xms-override Override XMS managed mode and allow local configuration changes according to your user privileges. See “XMS-Managed Arrays Restrict Local Management” on page 78.Command Description

Wireless ArrayThe Command Line Interface 405show CommandsThe following table shows the second level commands that are available with the top level show command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array# show].Command Descriptionacl Display the Access Control List.admin Display the administrator list or login information.array-info Display system information.associated-stationsDisplay stations that have associated to the Array.boot-env Display Boot loader environment variables. capabilities Display detailed station capabilities. cdp Display Cisco Discovery Protocol settings.channel-list Display list of Array’s 802.11an and bgn channels. clear-text Display and enter passwords and secrets in the clear. conntrack Display the Connection Tracking table. console Display terminal settings.contact-info Display contact information.date-time Display date and time settings summary.dhcp-leases Display IP addresses (leases) assigned to stations by the DHCP server. dhcp-pool Display internal DHCP server settings summary information.diff Display the difference between configurations.dns Display DNS summary information.

Wireless Array406 The Command Line Interfaceerror-numbers Display the detailed error number in error messages.ethernet Display Ethernet interface summary information.external-radius Display summary information for the external RADIUS server settings.factory-config Display the Array factory configuration information.filters Display filter information.iap Display IAP configuration information.internal-radius Display the users defined for the embedded RADIUS server.lastboot-config Display Array configuration at the time of the last boot-up.management Display settings for managing the Array, plus Standby, FIPS, and other information. network-map Display network map information.realtime-monitor Display realtime statistics for all IAPs. rogue-ap Display rogue AP information.route Display the routing table. rssi-map Display RSSI map by IAP for station.running-config Display configuration information for the Array currently running.saved-config Display the last saved Array configuration.security Display security settings summary information.self-test Display self test results.snmp Display SNMP summary information.Command Description

Wireless ArrayThe Command Line Interface 407spanning-tree Display spanning tree information. spectrum-analyzerDisplay spectrum analyzer measurements. ssid Display SSID summary information.stations Display station information.statistics Display statistics.syslog Display the system log.syslog-settings Display the system log (Syslog) settings.temperature Display the current board temperatures.unassociated-stations Display unassociated station information. vlan Display VLAN information.wds Display WDS information.<cr> Display configuration or status information.Command Description

Wireless Array408 The Command Line Interfacestatistics CommandsThe following table shows the second level commands that are available with the top level statistics command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array# statistics].Command Descriptionethernet Display statistical data for all Ethernet interfaces.Ethernet Nameeth0, gig1, gig2Display statistical data for the defined Ethernet interface (either eth0, gig1 or gig2).FORMAT:statistics gig1 filter Display statistics for defined filters (if any).FORMAT:statistics filter [detail] filter-list Display statistics for defined filter list (if any).FORMAT:statistics filter <filter-list> iap Display statistical data for the defined IAP.FORMAT:statistics iap iap2station Display statistical data about associated stations.FORMAT:statistics station billwvlan Display statistical data for the defined VLAN. You must use the VLAN number (not its name) when defining a VLAN.FORMAT:statistics vlan 1

Wireless ArrayThe Command Line Interface 409wds Display statistical data for the defined active WDS (Wireless Distribution System) links.FORMAT:statistics wds 1<cr> Display configuration or status information.Command Description

Wireless Array410 The Command Line InterfaceConfiguration CommandsAll configuration commands are accessed by using the configure command at the root command prompt (Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array#). This section provides a brief description of each command and presents sample formats where deemed necessary. The commands are organized alphabetically. When inputting commands, be aware that all commands are case-sensitive.To see examples of some of the key configuration tasks and their associated commands, go to “Sample Configuration Tasks” on page 454.acl The acl command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# acl] is used to configure the Access Control List.Command Descriptionadd Add a MAC address to the list.FORMAT:acl add AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FFdel Delete a MAC address from the list.FORMAT:acl del AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FFdisable Disable the Access Control ListFORMAT:acl disableenable Enable the Access Control ListFORMAT:acl enablereset Delete all MAC addresses from the list.FORMAT:acl reset

Wireless ArrayThe Command Line Interface 411admin The admin command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config-admin)#] is used to configure the Administrator List.Command Descriptionadd Add a user to the Administrator List.FORMAT:admin add [userID]del Delete a user to the Administrator List.FORMAT:admin del [userID]edit Modify user in the Administrator List.FORMAT:admin edit [userID]radius Define a RADIUS server to be used for authenticating administrators.FORMAT:admin radius [disable | enable | off | on | timeout <seconds> | auth-type [PAP | CHAP]] admin radius [primary |secondary]  port <portid> server [<ip-addr> | <host>] secret <shared-secret>reset Delete all users and restore the default user.FORMAT:admin reset

Wireless Array412 The Command Line InterfaceauthThe auth command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# auth] is used to configure Oauth tokens. See also, “OAuth 2.0 Management” on page 243. cdp The cdp command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# cdp] is used to configure the Cisco Discovery Protocol.Command Descriptionadd Add an Oauth token.FORMAT:auth add <token> client <client> grant <grant> expiration <expiration> code <code> type <type> [agent <agent>] [scope <scope>]del Delete an Oauth token.FORMAT:auth del <Oauth token>reset Delete all Oauth tokens.FORMAT:auth resetCommand Descriptiondisable Disable the Cisco Discovery ProtocolFORMAT:cdp disableenable Enable the Cisco Discovery ProtocolFORMAT:cdp enable

Wireless ArrayThe Command Line Interface 413hold-time Select CDP message hold time before messages received from neighbors expire.FORMAT:cdp hold-time [# seconds]interval The Array sends out CDP announcements at this interval. FORMAT:cdp interval [# seconds] off Disable the Cisco Discovery ProtocolFORMAT:cdp offon Enable the Cisco Discovery ProtocolFORMAT:cdp onCommand Description

Wireless Array414 The Command Line Interfaceclear The clear command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# clear] is used to clear requested elements.Command Descriptionarp Clear the arp table entry for a requested IP address, or clear all entries if no IP address is entered.FORMAT:clear arp [ipaddress]authentication Deauthenticate a station (specified by MAC address, hostname, or IP address). If you specify the permanent option, then the station is deauthenticated and put on the access control list.FORMAT:clear authentication [permanent] [authenticated station]history Clear the history of CLI commands executed.FORMAT:clear history screen Clear the screen where you’re viewing CLI output.FORMAT:clear screenstation-assuranceClear all station assurance data, but continue to collect new data.FORMAT:clear station-assurancestatistics Clear the statistics for thee change, but it won’t show up requested element.FORMAT:clear statistics [ethname | all-eth | applications | filters |iap | station | vlan | wds]

Wireless ArrayThe Command Line Interface 415syslog Clear all Syslog messages, but continue to log new messages.FORMAT:clear syslogCommand Description

Wireless Array416 The Command Line InterfaceclusterThe cluster command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# cluster] is used to create and operate clusters. Clusters allow you to configure multiple Arrays at the same time. Using CLI (or WMI), you may define a set of Arrays that are members of the cluster. Then you may switch the Array to Cluster operating mode for a selected cluster, which sends all successive configuration commands issued via CLI or WMI to all of the member Arrays. When you exit cluster mode, configuration commands revert to applying only to the Array to which you are connected.For more information, see “Clusters” on page 360. Command Descriptionadd Create a new Array cluster. Enters edit mode for that cluster to allow you to specify the Arrays that belong to the cluster.FORMAT:cluster add [cluster-name]del Delete an Array cluster. Type del ? to list the existing clusters.FORMAT:cluster del [cluster-name]edit Enter edit mode for selected cluster to add or delete Arrays that belong to the cluster.FORMAT:cluster edit [cluster-name]end Exit Cluster configuration mode. Configuration returns to normal operation, affecting this Array only.FORMAT:cluster end

Wireless ArrayThe Command Line Interface 417contact-info The contact-info command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# contact-info] is used for managing administrator contact information.operate Enter Cluster operation mode. All configuration commands are applied to all of the selected cluster’s member Arrays until you give the end command (see above). FORMAT:cluster operate [cluster-name]reset Delete all clusters.FORMAT:cluster resetCommand Descriptionemail Add an email address for the contact (must be in quotation marks).FORMAT:contact-info email [“contact@mail.com”]name Add a contact name (must be in quotation marks).FORMAT:contact-info name [“Contact Name”]phone Add a telephone number for the contact (must be in quotation marks).FORMAT:contact-info phone [“8185550101”]Command Description

Wireless Array418 The Command Line Interfacedate-time The date-time command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config-date-time)#] is used to configure the date and time parameters. Your Array supports the Network Time Protocol (NTP) in order to ensure that the Array’s internal time is accurate. NTP is set to UTC time by default; however, you can set the time zone so that your Array will display local time. This is done by defining an offset from the UTC value. For example, Pacific Standard Time is 8 hours behind UTC time, so the offset from UTC time would be -8.Command Descriptiondst_adjust Enable adjustment for daylight savings.FORMAT:date-time dst_adjustno Disable daylight savings adjustment.FORMAT:date-time no dst_adjustntp Enable the NTP server.FORMAT:date-time ntp on (or off to disable)offset Set an offset from Greenwich Mean Time.FORMAT:date-time no dst_adjustset Set the date and time for the Array.FORMAT:date-time set [10:24 10/23/2007]timezone Configure the time zone.FORMAT:date-time timezone [-8]

Wireless ArrayThe Command Line Interface 419dhcp-server The dhcp-server command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config-dhcp-server)#] is used to add, delete and modify DHCP pools.Command Descriptionadd Add a DHCP pool.FORMAT:dhcp-server add [dhcp pool]del Delete a DHCP pool.FORMAT:dhcp-server del [dhcp pool]edit Edit a DHCP poolFORMAT:dhcp-server edit [dhcp pool]reset Delete all DHCP pools.FORMAT:dhcp-server reset

Wireless Array420 The Command Line Interfacedns The dns command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config-dns)#] is used to configure your DNS parameters.Command Descriptiondomain Enter your domain name.FORMAT:dns domain [www.mydomain.com]server1 Enter the IP address of the primary DNS server.FORMAT:dns server1 [1.2.3.4]server2 Enter the IP address of the secondary DNS server.FORMAT:dns server1 [2.3.4.5]server3 Enter the IP address of the tertiary DNS server.FORMAT:dns server1 [3.4.5.6]

$Wireless ArrayThe Command Line Interface 421file The file command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config-file)#] is used to manage files.Command Descriptionactive-image Validate and commit a new array software image. backup-image Validate and commit a new backup software image. check-image Validate a new array software image. chkdsk Check flash file system.copycpCopy a file to another file.FORMAT:file copy [sourcefile destinationfile]dir List the contents of a directory.FORMAT:file dir [directory]erase Delete a file from the FLASH file system.FORMAT:file erase [filename]format Format flash file system.ftp Open an FTP connection with a remote server. Files will be transferred in binary mode. FORMAT:file ftp host {<hostname> |<ip>} [port <port_#>]  [user {anonymous | <username> password <passwd> } ] { put <source_file> [<dest_file>] | get <source_file> [<dest_file>] }Note: Any time you transfer any kind of software image file for the Array, it must be transferred in binary mode, or the file may be corrupted.$

Wireless Array422 The Command Line Interfacehttp-get Perform an HTTP file download. This is the preferred method of downloading files for XMS Cloud. FORMAT:http-get [no-cert-check] <url> [<local_file>]no-cert-check causes the array to download the file even if the SSL certificate is invalid, expired, or not signed by a recognized CA<url> is a standard HTTP URL, e.g. https://file.example.com:8080/mydir/myfile.ext.http:// or https:// may be omitted, in which case HTTP is assumed<local_file> is an optional parameter that describes the path and name where the file should be savedif no local_file is specified, the file will be saved in the root of the flash storagethe local_file does support specifying a directory, which will be created if it doesn't already existlist List the contents of a file.FORMAT:file list [filename]Command Description

Wireless ArrayThe Command Line Interface 423remote-config When the Array boots up, it fetches the specified configuration file from the TFTP server defined in the file remote-server command, and uses this configuration. This must be an Array configuration file with a .conf extension. A partial configuration file may be used. For instance, if you wish to use a single configuration file for all of your Arrays but don't want to have the same IP address for each Array, you may remove the ipaddr line from the file. You can then load the file on each array and the local IP addresses will not change.FORMAT:file remote-config <config-file.conf> Note: If you enter file remote-config ?, the help response suggests possibilities by listing all of the configuration files that are currently in the Array’s flash.remote-image When the Array boots up, it fetches the named image file from the TFTP server defined in the file remote-server command, and upgrades to this file before booting. This must be an Array image file with a .bin extension.FORMAT:file remote-image <image-file.bin> Note: This will happen every time that the Array reboots. If you only want to fetch the remote-image one time be sure to turn off the remote image option after the initial download.remote-server Sets up a TFTP server to be used for automated remote update of software image and configuration files when rebooting. FORMAT:file remote-server A.B.C.D rename Rename a file.Command Description

$Wireless Array424 The Command Line Interfacescp Copy a file to or from a remote system. You may specify the port to use.tftp Open a TFTP connection with a remote server.FORMAT:file tftp host {<hostname> |<ip>} [port <port_#>]  [user {anonymous | <username> password <passwd> } ] { put <source_file> [<dest_file>] | get <source_file> [<dest_file>] }Note: Any time you transfer any kind of software image file for the Array, it must be transferred in binary mode, or the file may be corrupted. Command Description$

Wireless ArrayThe Command Line Interface 425filter The filter command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config-filter)#] is used to manage protocol filters and filter lists.Command Descriptionadd Add a filter. Details about the air cleaner feature are after the end of this table.FORMAT:filter add [air-cleaner |name]add-list Add a filter list.FORMAT:filter add-list [name]del Delete a filter.FORMAT:filter del [name]del-list Delete a filter list.FORMAT:filter del-list [name]edit Edit a filter.FORMAT:filter edit [name type]edit-list Edit a filter listFORMAT:filter edit-list [name type]enable Enable a filter list.FORMAT:filter enable move Change a filter priority.FORMAT:filter move [name priority]

Wireless Array426 The Command Line InterfaceAir CleanerThe air cleaner feature offers a number of predetermined filter rules that eliminate a great deal of unnecessary wireless traffic, resulting in improved performance. You may select all of the air cleaner rules for the greatest effect, or only specific rules, such as broadcast or multicast, to eliminate only a particular source of traffic. The following options are offered:MyArray(config)# filter add air-cleaner all All air cleaner filters arp Eliminate station to station ARPs over the air broadcast Eliminate broadcast traffic from the air dhcp Eliminate stations serving DHCP addresses from the air multicast Eliminate chatty multicast traffic from the air netbios Eliminate NetBIOS traffic from the airIf you select all, the rules shown in Figure 198 are added to the predefined filter list named Global. These rules assume that you have station-to-station blocking enabled, that a DHCP server is on the Array’s wired connection, and that you want to block most all multicast and all broadcast traffic not vital to normal off Disable a filter list.FORMAT:filter offon Enable a filter list.FORMAT:filter on reset Delete all protocol filters and filter lists.FORMAT:filter resetstateful Enable or disable stateful filtering (firewall).FORMAT:Stateful [enable | disable | on |off] Command Description

Wireless ArrayThe Command Line Interface 427operation. If you find that there is a particular type of multicast or broadcast traffic that you want to allow, just add a specific allow filter for it before the deny filter in this list that would normally block it. Add or delete any of the Multicast rules as necessary for a specific site. Remember that the order of the rules is important. Figure 198. Air Cleaner Filter RulesExplanations of some sample rules are below.Air-cleaner-Arp.1 blocks ARPs from one client from being transmitted to clients via all of the radios. The station to station block setting doesn't block this traffic, so this filter eliminates this unnecessary traffic.Air-cleaner-Dhcp.1 drops all DHCP client traffic coming in from the gigabit interface. This traffic doesn't need to be transmitted by the radios since there shouldn't be any DHCP server associated to the radios and offering DHCP addresses. For large subnets the DHCP discover/request broadcast traffic can be significant.Air-cleaner-Dhcp.2 drops all DHCP server traffic coming in from the radio interfaces. There should not be any DHCP server associated to the radios. These rogue DHCP servers are blocked from doing any damage with this filter. There have been quite a few cases in public venues like schools and conventions where such traffic is seen.

Wireless Array428 The Command Line InterfaceAir-cleaner-Mcast.1 drops all multicast traffic with a destination MAC address starting with 01. This filters out a lot of IP multicast traffic that starts with 224.Air-cleaner-Mcast.2 drops all multicast traffic with a destination MAC address starting with 33. A lot of IPv6 traffic and other multicast traffic is blocked by this filter.Air-cleaner-Mcast.3 drops all multicast traffic with a destination MAC address starting with 09. A lot of Appletalk traffic and other multicast traffic is blocked by this filter. Note that for OSX 10.6.* Snow Leopard no longer supports Appletalk.Air-cleaner-Bcast.1 allows all ARP traffic (other than the traffic that was denied by Air-cleaner-Arp.1). This is needed because Air-cleaner-Bcast.5would drop this valid traffic. Air-cleaner-Bcast.4 allows all XRP traffic from Arrays to be received from the wire. This is needed because Air-cleaner-Bcast.5 would drop this valid traffic. Air-cleaner-Bcast.5 drops all other broadcast traffic that hasn't previously been explicitly allowed. This filter will catch all UDP broadcast traffic as well as all other known and unknown protocol broadcast traffic.

Wireless ArrayThe Command Line Interface 429group The group command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# group] is used to create and configure user groups. User groups allow administrators to assign specific network parameters to users through RADIUS privileges rather than having to map users to a specific SSID. Groups provide flexible control over user privileges without the need to create large numbers of SSIDs. For more information, see “Groups” on page 269. hostname The hostname command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# hostname] is used to change the hostname used by the Array.Command Descriptionadd Create a new user group. FORMAT:group add [group-name]del Delete a user group.FORMAT:group del [group-name]edit Set parameters values for a group. FORMAT:group edit [group-name]reset Reset the group.FORMAT:group resetCommand Descriptionhostname Change the hostname of the Array.FORMAT:hostname [name]

Wireless Array430 The Command Line Interfaceinterface The interface command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# interface] is used to select the interface that you want to configure. To see a listing of the commands that are available for each interface, use the ? command at the selected interface prompt. For example, using the ? command at the Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config-gig1}#prompt displays a listing of all commands for the gig1 interface.load The load command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# load] loads a configuration file.Command Descriptionconsole Select the console interface. The console interface is used for management purposes only.FORMAT:interface consolegig1 Select the Gigabit 1 interface.FORMAT:interface gig1gig2 Select the Gigabit 2 interface.FORMAT:interface gig2iap Select an IAP.FORMAT:interface iapCommand Descriptionfactory.conf Load the factory settings configuration file. FORMAT:load [factory.conf]

Wireless ArrayThe Command Line Interface 431location The location command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# location] is used to set the location descriptive string for the Array.lastboot.conf Load the configuration file from the last boot-up. FORMAT:load [lastboot.conf][myfile].conf If you have saved a configuration, enter its name to load it. FORMAT:load [myfile.conf]saved.conf Load the configuration file with the last saved settings. FORMAT:load [saved.conf]Command Description<cr> Set the location for the Array.FORMAT:location [newlocation]Command Description

Wireless Array432 The Command Line Interfacelocation-reporting The location-reporting command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# location-reporting] is used to configure Location Server settings. See also, “Location” on page 186. Command Descriptioncust-key Set Location Server customer key.FORMAT:location-reporting cust-key enc <loc-server-customer-key> disable Disable location-reporting.FORMAT:location-reporting disableenable Enable location-reporting.FORMAT:location-reporting enableperiod Set Location Server reporting period (seconds).FORMAT:location-reporting period <#-seconds> url Set URL of Location Server.FORMAT:location-reporting url <loc-server-URL>

Wireless ArrayThe Command Line Interface 433management The management command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# management] enters management mode, where you may configure management parameters.The following types of settings may be configured in management mode:banner Configure login banner messagesconsole Configure console management parametershttps Enable/disable HTTPS accesslicense Set array software license keyload Load running configuration from flashmax-auth-attempts Maximum number of authentication (login) attempts (0 means unlimited)network-assurance Enable/disable network assurancereauth-period Time between failed CLI login attemptsrestore Restore to previous saved configrevert Revert to saved configuration after delay if configuration not savedsave Save running configuration to flashssh Enable/disable SSH accessstandby Configure standby parameterstelnet Enable/disable telnet accessuptime Display time since last bootxircon Enable/disable xircon access. See Xircon User’s Guide for more information. Command Description<cr> Enter management mode.FORMAT:management <cr>

Wireless Array434 The Command Line InterfacemdmThe mdm command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# mdm] is used to configure Mobile Device Management Server settings. See also, “Mobile” on page 366. Command Descriptionairwatch api Set Location Server customer key.FORMAT:mdm airwatch api The following types of settings may be configured in management mode:access-error Set AirWatch API access error action key Set AirWatch API keypassword Set AirWatch API passwordpoll-period Set AirWatch API poll periodtimeout Set AirWatch API timeouturl Set AirWatch API URLusername Set AirWatch API usernameredirect-url Set URL to redirect clients to.FORMAT:mdm airwatch redirect-url <URL-string>

Wireless ArrayThe Command Line Interface 435more The more command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# more] is used to turn terminal pagination ON or OFF.Command Descriptionoff Turn OFF terminal pagination.FORMAT:more offon Turn ON terminal pagination.FORMAT:more on

$Wireless Array436 The Command Line InterfacenetflowThe netflow command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config-netflow)#] is used to enable or disable, or configure sending IP flow information (traffic statistics) to the collector you specify.Command Descriptiondisable Disable netflow.FORMAT:netflow disableenable Enable netflow.FORMAT:netflow enableoff Disable netflow.FORMAT:netflow offon Enable netflow.FORMAT:netflow oncollector Set the netflow collector IP address or fully qualified domain name (host.domain). Only one collector may be set. If port is not specified, the default is 2055. FORMAT:netflow collector host {<ip-addr> | <domain>} [port <port#>]$

Wireless ArrayThe Command Line Interface 437no The no command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# no] is used to disable a selected element or set the element to its default value.Command Descriptionacl Disable the Access Control List.FORMAT:no acldot11a Disable all 802.11an IAPs (radios).FORMAT:no dot11adot11bg Disable all 802.11bgn IAPs (radios).FORMAT:no dot11bghttps Disable https access.FORMAT:no httpsintrude-detect Disable intrusion detection.FORMAT:no intrude-detectmanagement Disable management on all Ethernet interfaces.FORMAT:no managementmore Disable terminal pagination.FORMAT:no morentp Disable the NTP server.FORMAT:no ntp

Wireless Array438 The Command Line Interfacesnmp Disable SNMP features.FORMAT:no snmpssh Disable ssh access.FORMAT:no sshsyslog Disable the Syslog services.FORMAT:no syslogtelnet Disable Telnet access.FORMAT:no telnetETH-NAME Disable the selected Ethernet interface (eth0, gig1 or gig2). You cannot disable the console interface. with this command.FORMAT:no eth0 (gig1 or gig2)Command Description

Wireless ArrayThe Command Line Interface 439quick-config The quick-config command is used to apply configuration templates to the Array for typical deployment scenarios.Command DescriptionClassroom Configure Array for classroom deployment.FORMAT:quick-config ClassroomConfigures the array for use in classroom settings (K-12 schools, Higher education, etc.)High-density Configure Array for high density deployment.FORMAT:quick-config High-densityConfigures the array for use in high density settings (lecture halls, convention centers, stadiums, etc.)

Wireless Array440 The Command Line Interfacequit The quit command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# quit] is used to exit the Command Line Interface.radius-server The radius-server command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config-radius-server)#] is used to configure the external and internal RADIUS server parameters.Command Description<cr> Exit the Command Line Interface.FORMAT:quitIf you have made any configuration changes and your changes have not been saved, you are prompted to save your changes to Flash.At the prompt, answer Yes to save your changes, or answer No to discard your changes.Command Descriptionexternal Configure an external RADIUS server.FORMAT:radius-server externalTo configure a RADIUS server (primary, secondary, or accounting server, by IP address or host name), and the reporting interval use:radius-server external accountinginternal Configure the external RADIUS server.FORMAT:radius-server internaluse Choose the active RADIUS server (either external or internal).FORMAT:use external (or internal)

Wireless ArrayThe Command Line Interface 441reboot The reboot command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# reboot] is used to reboot the Array. If you have unsaved changes, the command will notify you and give you a chance to cancel the reboot. reset The reset command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# reset] is used to reset all settings to their default values then reboot the Array.Command Description<cr> Reboot the Array.FORMAT:rebootdelay Reboot the Array after a delay of 1 to 60 seconds.FORMAT:reboot delay [n]Command Description<cr> Reset all configuration parameters to their factory default values.FORMAT:resetThe Array is rebooted automatically.preserve-ip-settingsPreserve all ethernet and VLAN settings and reset all other configuration parameters to their factory default values.FORMAT:reset preserve-ip-settingsThe Array is rebooted automatically.

Wireless Array442 The Command Line Interfacerestore The restore command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# restore] is used to restore configuration to a version that was previously saved locally. Command Description?Use this to display the list of available config files.FORMAT:restore ?<filename> Enter the name of the locally saved configuration to restore.FORMAT:restore <config-filename>

Wireless ArrayThe Command Line Interface 443roaming-assistThe roaming-assist command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# roaming-assist] is used to configure roaming assistance settings. See also, “Roaming Assist” on page 342. Command Descriptiondata-rate Set minimum packet data rate before roaming, in Mbps.FORMAT:roaming-assist data-rate <1-99> devices Set device types or classes to assist.FORMAT:roaming-assist devices all | unidentified | DEVICE-CLASS <ID-string> | DEVICE-TYPE <ID-string>disable Disable roaming assist.FORMAT:roaming-assist disableenable Enable roaming assist.FORMAT:roaming-assist enableperiod Set roaming assist backoff period (seconds).FORMAT:roaming-assist period <#-seconds> threshold Set roaming RSSI threshold in db relative to RSSI of nearest Array.FORMAT:roaming-assist threshold <-50 to 50>

Wireless Array444 The Command Line Interfacerun-tests The run-tests command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(run-tests)#] is used to enter run-tests mode, which allows you to perform a range of tests on the Array.Command Description<cr> Enter run-tests mode.FORMAT:run-tests iperf Execute iperf utility.FORMAT:run-tests iperfkill-beacons Turn off beacons for selected single IAP.FORMAT:run-tests kill-beacons [off | iap-name] kill-probe-responses Turn off probe responses for selected single IAP.FORMAT:run-tests kill-probe-responses [off | iap-name] led LED test.FORMAT:run-tests led [flash | rotate] memtest Execute memory tests.FORMAT:run-tests memtestping Execute ping utility.FORMAT:run-tests ping [host-name | ip-addr]

Wireless ArrayThe Command Line Interface 445radius-ping Special ping utility to test the connection to a RADIUS server.FORMAT:run-tests radius-ping [external | ssid <ssidnum>] [primary | secondary] user <raduser> password <radpasswd> auth-type [CHAP | PAP]run-tests radius-ping [internal | server <radserver> port <radport> secret <radsecret> ] user <raduser> password <radpasswd> auth-type [CHAP | PAP]You may select a RADIUS server that you have already configured (ssid or external or internal) or specify another server. rlb Run manufacturing radio loopback test.FORMAT:run-tests rlb {optional command line switches}self-test Execute self-test.FORMAT:run-tests self-test {logfile-name (optional)]site-survey Enable or disable site survey mode.FORMAT:run-tests site-survey [on | off | enable | disable] ssh Execute ssh utility.FORMAT:run-tests ssh [hostname | ip-addr] [command-line-switches (optional)] tcpdump Execute tcpdump utility to dump traffic for selected interface or VLAN. Supports 802.11 headers.FORMAT:run-tests tcpdumpCommand Description

Wireless Array446 The Command Line Interfacesecurity The security command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config-security)#] is used to establish the security parameters for the Array.telnet Execute telnet utility.FORMAT:run-tests telnet [hostname | ip-addr] [command-line-switches (optional)] traceroute Execute traceroute utility.FORMAT:run-tests traceroute [host-name | ip-addr]Command Descriptionwep Set the WEP encryption parameters.FORMAT:security wepwpa Set the WEP encryption parameters.FORMAT:security wpaCommand Description

Wireless ArrayThe Command Line Interface 447snmp The snmp command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config-snmp)#] is used to enable, disable, or configure SNMP.Command Descriptionv2 Enable SNMP v2.FORMAT:snmp v2v3 Enable SNMP v3.FORMAT:snmp v3trap Configure traps for SNMP. Up to four trap destinations may be configured, and you may specify whether to send traps for authentication failure. FORMAT:snmp trap

Wireless Array448 The Command Line Interfacessid The ssid command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config-ssid)#] is used to establish your SSID parameters.Command Descriptionadd Add an SSID.FORMAT:ssid add [newssid]del Delete an SSID.FORMAT:ssid del [oldssid]edit Edit an existing SSID.FORMAT:ssid edit [existingssid]reset Delete all SSIDs and restore the default SSID.FORMAT:ssid reset

Wireless ArrayThe Command Line Interface 449syslog The syslog command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config-syslog)#] is used to enable, disable, or configure the Syslog server.Command Descriptionconsole Enable or disable the display of Syslog messages on the console, and set the level to be displayed. All messages at this level and lower (i.e., more severe) will be displayed.FORMAT:syslog console [on/off] level [0-7]disable Disable the Syslog server.FORMAT:syslog disableemail Disable the Syslog server.FORMAT:syslog email from [email-from-address]  level [0-7] password [email-acct-password] server [email-server-IPaddr]  test [test-msg-text] to-list [recipient-email-addresses] user [email-acct-username]enable Enable the Syslog server.FORMAT:syslog enablelocal-file Set the size and/or severity level (all messages at this level and lower will be logged).FORMAT:syslog local-file size [1-500] level [0-7]no Disable the selected feature.FORMAT:syslog no [feature]

Wireless Array450 The Command Line Interfacetunnel The tunnel command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config-tunnel)#] is used to establish your tunnel parameters.off Disable the Syslog server.FORMAT:syslog offon Enable the Syslog server.FORMAT:syslog onprimary Set the IP address of the primary Syslog server and/or the severity level of messages to be logged.FORMAT:syslog primary [1.2.3.4] level [0-7]secondary Set the IP address of the secondary (backup) Syslog server and/or the severity level of messages to be logged.FORMAT:syslog primary [1.2.3.4] level [0-7]Command Descriptionadd Add a tunnel.FORMAT:tunnel add [newtunnel]delete Delete a tunnel.FORMAT:tunnel delete [oldtunnel]Command Description

Wireless ArrayThe Command Line Interface 451uptime The uptime command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config)# uptime] is used to display the elapsed time since you last rebooted the Array. vlan The vlan command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config-vlan)#] is used to establish your VLAN parameters.edit Modify an existing tunnel.FORMAT:tunnel edit [existingtunnel]reset Delete all existing tunnels.FORMAT:tunnel resetCommand Description<cr> Display time since last reboot.FORMAT:uptimeCommand Descriptionadd Add a VLAN.FORMAT:vlan add [newvlan]default-route Assign a VLAN for the default route (for outbound management traffic).FORMAT:vlan default-route [defaultroute]Command Description

Wireless Array452 The Command Line Interfacewifi-tag The wifi-tag command [Xirrus_Wi-Fi_Array(config-wifi-tag)#] is used to enable or disable Wi-Fi tag capabilities. When enabled, the Array listens for and collects information about Wi-Fi RFID tags sent on the designated channels. See also “Wi-Fi Tag” on page 185.delete Delete a VLAN.FORMAT:vlan delete [oldvlan]edit Modify an existing VLAN.FORMAT:vlan edit [existingvlan]native-vlan Assign a native VLAN (traffic is untagged).FORMAT:vlan native-vlan [nativevlan]no Disable the selected feature.FORMAT:vlan no [feature]reset Delete all existing VLANs.FORMAT:vlan resetCommand Descriptiondisable Disable wifi-tag.FORMAT:wifi-tag disableenable Enable wifi-tag.FORMAT:wifi-tag enableCommand Description

Wireless ArrayThe Command Line Interface 453off Disable wifi-tag.FORMAT:wifi-tag offon Enable wifi-tag.FORMAT:wifi-tag ontag-channel-bg Set an 802.11b or g channel for listening for tags.FORMAT:wifi-tag tag-channel-bg <1-255> udp-port Set the UDP port which a tagging server will use to query the Array for tagging information.FORMAT:wifi-tag udp-port <1025-65535>Command Description

Wireless Array454 The Command Line InterfaceSample Configuration TasksThis section provides examples of some of the common configuration tasks used with the Wireless Array, including:“Configuring a Simple Open Global SSID” on page 455.“Configuring a Global SSID using WPA-PEAP” on page 456.“Configuring an SSID-Specific SSID using WPA-PEAP” on page 457.“Enabling Global IAPs” on page 458.“Disabling Global IAPs” on page 459.“Enabling a Specific IAP” on page 460.“Disabling a Specific IAP” on page 461.“Setting Cell Size Auto-Configuration for All IAPs” on page 462“Setting the Cell Size for All IAPs” on page 463.“Setting the Cell Size for a Specific IAP” on page 464.“Configuring VLANs on an Open SSID” on page 465.“Configuring Radio Assurance Mode (Loopback Tests)” on page 466.To facilitate the accurate and timely management of revisions to this section, the examples shown here are presented as screen images taken from a Secure Shell (SSH) session (in this case, PuTTY). Depending on the application you are using to access the Command Line Interface, and how your session is set up (for example, font and screen size), the images presented on your screen may be different than the images shown in this section. However, the data displayed will be the same.Some of the screen images shown in this section have been modified for clarity. For example, the image may have been “elongated” to show all data without the need for additional images or scrolling. We recommend that you use the Adobe PDF version of this User’s Guide when reviewing these examples — a hard copy document may be difficult to read.As mentioned previously, the root command prompt is determined by the host name assigned to your Array.

Wireless ArrayThe Command Line Interface 455Configuring a Simple Open Global SSIDThis example shows you how to configure a simple open global SSID.Figure 199. Configuring a Simple Open Global SSID

Wireless Array456 The Command Line InterfaceConfiguring a Global SSID using WPA-PEAPThis example shows you how to configure a global SSID using WPA-PEAP encryption in conjunction with the Array’s Internal RADIUS server.Figure 200. Configuring a Global SSID using WPA-PEAP

Wireless ArrayThe Command Line Interface 457Configuring an SSID-Specific SSID using WPA-PEAPThis example shows you how to configure an SSID-specific SSID using WPA-PEAP encryption in conjunction with the Array’s Internal RADIUS server.Figure 201. Configuring an SSID-Specific SSID using WPA-PEAP

Wireless Array458 The Command Line InterfaceEnabling Global IAPsThis example shows you how to enable all IAPs (radios), regardless of the wireless technology they use.Figure 202. Enabling Global IAPs

Wireless ArrayThe Command Line Interface 459Disabling Global IAPsThis example shows you how to disable all IAPs (radios), regardless of the wireless technology they use.Figure 203. Disabling Global IAPs

Wireless Array460 The Command Line InterfaceEnabling a Specific IAPThis example shows you how to enable a specific IAP (radio). In this example, the IAP that is being enabled is a1 (the first IAP in the summary list).Figure 204. Enabling a Specific IAP

Wireless ArrayThe Command Line Interface 461Disabling a Specific IAPThis example shows you how to disable a specific IAP (radio). In this example, the IAP that is being disabled is a2 (the second IAP in the summary list).Figure 205. Disabling a Specific IAP

Wireless Array462 The Command Line InterfaceSetting Cell Size Auto-Configuration for All IAPsThis example shows how to set the cell size for all enabled IAPs to be auto-configured (auto). (See “Fine Tuning Cell Sizes” on page 33.) The auto_cell option may be used with global_settings, global_a_settings, or global_bg_settings. It sets the cell size of the specified IAPs to auto, and it launches an auto-configuration to adjust the sizes. Be aware that if the intrude-detect feature is enabled on the monitor radio, its cell size is unaffected by this command. Also, any IAPs used in WDS links are unaffected. Auto-configuration may be set to run periodically at intervals specified by auto_cell period (in seconds) if period is non-zero. The percentage of overlap allowed between cells in the cell size computation is specified by auto_cell overlap (0 to 100). This example sets auto-configuration to run every 1200 seconds with an allowed overlap of 5%. It sets the cell size of all IAPs to auto, and runs a cell size auto-configure operation which completes successfully. Figure 206. Setting the Cell Size for All IAPs

Wireless ArrayThe Command Line Interface 463Setting the Cell Size for All IAPsThis example shows you how to establish the cell size for all IAPs (radios), regardless of the wireless technology they use. Be aware that if the intrude-detectfeature is enabled on the monitor radio the cell size cannot be set globally — you must first disable the intrude-detect feature on the monitor radio.In this example, the cell size is being set to small for all IAPs. You have the option of setting IAP cell sizes to small, medium, large, or max. See also, “Fine Tuning Cell Sizes” on page 33.Figure 207. Setting the Cell Size for All IAPs

Wireless Array464 The Command Line InterfaceSetting the Cell Size for a Specific IAPThis example shows you how to establish the cell size for a specific IAP (radio). In this example, the cell size for a2 is being set to medium. You have the option of setting IAP cell sizes to small, medium, large, or max (the default is max). See also, “Fine Tuning Cell Sizes” on page 33.Figure 208. Setting the Cell Size for a Specific IAP

Wireless ArrayThe Command Line Interface 465Configuring VLANs on an Open SSIDThis example shows you how to configure VLANs on an Open SSID.Figure 209. Configuring VLANs on an Open SSIDSetting the default route enables the Array to send management traffic, such as Syslog messages and SNMP information to a destination behind a router.

Wireless Array466 The Command Line InterfaceConfiguring Radio Assurance Mode (Loopback Tests)The Array uses its built-in monitor radio to monitor other radios in the Array. Tests include sending probes on all channels and checking for a response, and checking whether beacons are received from the other radio. If a problem is detected, corrective actions are taken to recover. Loopback mode operation is described in detail in “Array Monitor and Radio Assurance Capabilities” on page 488. The following actions may be configured: alert-only — the Array will issue an alert in the Syslog. repair-without-reboot — the Array will issue an alert and reset radios at the Physical Layer (Layer 1) and possibly at the MAC layer. The reset should not be noticed by users, and they will not need to reassociate. reboot-allowed — the Array will issue an alert, reset the radios, and schedule the Array to reboot at midnight (per local Array time) if necessary. All stations will need to reassociate to the Array. off — Disable IAP loopback tests (no self-monitoring occurs). Radio Assurance mode is off by default.This is a global IAPs setting — the monitor radio will monitor all other radios according to the settings above, and it cannot be set up to monitor particular radios. Radio assurance mode requires Intrusion Detection to be set to Standard.The following example shows you how to configure a loopback test.

Wireless ArrayThe Command Line Interface 467Figure 210. Configuring Radio Assurance Mode (Loopback Testing)

Wireless Array468 The Command Line Interface

Wireless Array470 AppendicesPage is intentionally blank

Wireless Array471Appendix A: Quick Reference GuideThis section contains product reference information. Use this section to locate the information you need quickly and efficiently. Topics include:“Factory Default Settings” on page 471.“Keyboard Shortcuts” on page 477.Factory Default SettingsThe following tables show the Wireless Array’s factory default settings.Host NameNetwork InterfacesSerialSetting Default ValueHost name Serial Number (e.g., XR4012802207CSetting Default ValueBaud Rate 115200Word Size 8 bitsStop Bits 1Parity No parityTime Out 10 seconds

Wireless Array472Gigabit 1 and Gigabit 2Server SettingsNTPSyslogSetting Default ValueEnabled YesDHCP YesDefault IP Address 10.0.2.1Default IP Mask 255.255.255.0Default Gateway NoneAuto Negotiate OnDuplex FullSpeed 1000 MbpsMTU Size 1500Management Enabled YesSetting Default ValueEnabled NoPrimary time.nist.govSecondary pool.ntp.orgSetting Default ValueEnabled Yes

Wireless Array473SNMPDHCPLocal Syslog Level InformationMaximum Internal Records 500Primary Server NonePrimary Syslog Level InformationSecondary Server NoneSecondary Syslog Level InformationSetting Default ValueEnabled YesRead-Only Community String xirrus_read_onlyRead-Write Community String xirrusTrap Host null (no setting)Trap Port 162Authorization Fail Port OnSetting Default ValueEnabled NoMaximum Lease Time 300 minutesDefault Lease Time 300 minutesIP Start Range 192.168.1.2IP End Range 192.168.1.254Setting Default Value

Wireless Array474Default SSIDSecurity Global Settings - Encryption NAT DisabledIP Gateway NoneDNS Domain NoneDNS Server (1 to 3) NoneSetting Default ValueID xirrusVLAN NoneEncryption OffEncryption Type NoneQoS 2Enabled YesBroadcast OnSetting Default ValueEnabled YesWEP Keys null (all 4 keys)WEP Key Length null (all 4 keys)Default Key ID 1Setting Default Value

Wireless Array475External RADIUS (Global) WPA Enabled NoTKIP Enabled YesAES Enabled YesEAP Enabled YesPSK Enabled NoPass Phrase nullGroup Rekey DisabledSetting Default ValueEnabled YesPrimary Server NonePrimary Port 1812Primary Secret xirrusSecondary Server null (no IP address)Secondary Port 1812Secondary Secret null (no secret)Time Out (before primary server is retired) 600 secondsAccounting DisabledInterval 300 secondsPrimary Server NonePrimary Port 1813Setting Default Value

Wireless Array476Internal RADIUSAdministrator Account and PasswordManagementPrimary Secret null (no secret)Secondary Server NoneSecondary Port 1813Secondary Secret null (no secret)Setting Default ValueEnabled NoThe user database is cleared upon reset to the factory defaults. For the Internal RADIUS Server you have a maximum of 1,000 entries.Setting Default ValueID adminPassword adminSetting Default ValueSSH OnSSH timeout 300 secondsTelnet OffTelnet timeout 300 secondsSetting Default Value

Wireless Array477Keyboard ShortcutsThe following table shows the most common keyboard shortcuts used by the Command Line Interface.See AlsoAn Overview Serial OnSerial timeout 300 secondsManagement over IAPs Offhttp timeout 300 secondsAction ShortcutCut selected data and place it on the clipboard. Ctrl + XCopy selected data to the clipboard. Ctrl + CPaste data from the clipboard into a document (at the insertion point). Ctrl + VGo to top of screen. Ctrl + ZCopy the active window to the clipboard. Alt + Print ScreenCopy the entire desktop image to the clipboard. Print ScreenAbort an action at any time. EscGo back to the previous screen. bAccess the Help screen. ?Setting Default Value

Wireless Array479Appendix B: FAQ and Special TopicsThis appendix provides valuable support information that can help you resolve technical difficulties. Before contacting Xirrus, review all topics below and try to determine if your problem resides with the Wireless Array or your network infrastructure. Topics include:“General Hints and Tips” on page 479“Frequently Asked Questions” on page 480“Array Monitor and Radio Assurance Capabilities” on page 488“RADIUS Vendor Specific Attribute (VSA) for Xirrus” on page 491“Location Service Data Formats” on page 492“Upgrading the Array via CLI” on page 494“Contact Information” on page 499General Hints and TipsThis section provides some useful tips that will optimize the reliability and performance of your Wireless Arrays.The Wireless Array requires careful handling. For best performance, units should be mounted in a dust-free and temperature-controlled environment.If using multiple Arrays in the same area, maintain a distance of at least 100 feet (30m) between Arrays if there is direct line-of-sight between the units, or at least 50 feet (15 m) if a wall or other barrier exists between the units.Keep the Wireless Array away from electrical devices or appliances that generate RF noise. Because the Array is generally mounted on ceilings, be aware of its position relative to lighting (especially fluorescent lighting).If you are deploying multiple units, the Array should be oriented so that the monitor radio is oriented in the direction of the least required coverage, because when in monitor mode the radio does not function as an AP servicing stations.

Wireless Array480The Wireless Array should only be used with Wi-Fi certified client devices.See AlsoContact InformationMultiple SSIDsSecurityVLAN SupportFrequently Asked QuestionsThis section answers some of the most frequently asked questions, organized by functional area.Multiple SSIDsQ. What Are BSSIDs and SSIDs?A. BSSID (Basic Service Set Identifier) refers to an individual access point radio and its associated clients. The identifier is the MAC address of the access point radio that forms the BSS.A group of BSSs can be formed to allow stations in one BSS to communicate to stations in another BSS by way of a backbone that interconnects each access point.The Extended Service Set (ESS) refers to the group of BSSIDs that are grouped together to form one ESS. The ESSID (often referred to as SSID or “wireless network name”) identifies the Extended Service Set. Clients must associate to a single ESS at any given time. Clients ignore traffic from other Extended Service Sets that do not have the same SSID.Legacy access points typically support one SSID per access point. Xirrus Wireless Arrays support the ability for multiple SSIDs to be defined and used simultaneously.

Wireless Array481Q. What would I use SSIDs for?A. The creation of different wireless network names allows system administrators to separate types of users with different requirements. The following policies can be tied to an SSID:Minimum security required to join this SSID.The wireless Quality of Service (QoS) desired for this SSID.The wired VLAN associated with this SSID.As an example, one SSID named accounting might require the highest level of security, while another SSID named guests might have low security requirements.Another example may define an SSID named voice that supports voice over Wireless LAN phones with the highest possible Quality of Service (QoS) definition. This type of SSID might also forward traffic to specific VLANs on the wired network.Q. How do I set up SSIDs?A. Use the following procedure as a guideline. For more detailed information, go to “SSIDs” on page 245.1. From the Web Management Interface, go to the SSID Management page.2. Select Yes to make the SSID visible to all clients on the network. Although the Wireless Array will not broadcast SSIDs that are hidden, clients can still associate to a hidden SSID if they know the SSID name to connect to it.3. Select the minimum security that will be required by users for this SSID.4. If desired (optional), select a Quality of Service (QoS) setting for this SSID. The QoS setting you define here will prioritize wireless traffic for this SSID over other SSID wireless traffic.5. If desired (optional), select a VLAN that you want this traffic to be forwarded to on the wired network.

Wireless Array4826. If desired (optional), you can select which radios this SSID will not be available on — the default is to make this SSID available on all radios.7. Click on the Save changes to flash if you wish to make your changes permanent.8. If you need to edit any of the SSID settings, you can do so from the SSID Management page.See AlsoContact InformationGeneral Hints and TipsSecuritySSIDsSSID ManagementVLAN SupportSecurityQ. How do I know my management session is secure?A. Follow these guidelines:Administrator passwordsAlways change the default administrator password (the default is admin), and choose a strong replacement password. When appropriate, issue read only administrator accounts.SSH versus TelnetBe aware that Telnet is not secure over network connections and should be used only with a direct serial port connection. When connecting to the unit’s Command Line Interface over a network connection, you must use a Secure SHell (SSH) utility. The most commonly used freeware providing SSH tools is PuTTY. The Array only allows SSH-2 connections, so your SSH utility must be set up to use SSH-2.

Wireless Array483Configuration auditingDo not change approved configuration settings. The optional Xirrus Management System (XMS) offers powerful management features for small or large Wireless Array deployments, and can audit your configuration settings automatically. In addition, using the XMS eliminates the need for an FTP server.Q. Which wireless data encryption method should I use?A. Wireless data encryption prevents eavesdropping on data being transmitted or received over the airwaves. The Wireless Array allows you to establish the following data encryption configuration options:OpenThis option offers no data encryption and is not recommended, though you might choose this option if clients are required to use a VPN connection through a secure SSH utility, like PuTTy.WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy)This option provides minimal protection (though much better than using an open network). An early standard for wireless data encryption and supported by all Wi-Fi certified equipment, WEP is vulnerable to hacking and is therefore not recommended for use by Enterprise networks.WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access)This is a much stronger encryption model than WEP and uses TKIP (Temporal Key Integrity Protocol) with AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) to prevent WEP cracks.TKIP solves security issues with WEP. It also allows you to establish encryption keys on a per-user-basis, with key rotation for added security. In addition, TKIP provides Message Integrity Check (MIC) functionality and prevents active attacks on the wireless network.AES is the strongest encryption standard and is used by government agencies; however, old legacy hardware may not be capable of supporting the AES mode (it probably won’t work on

Wireless Array484older wireless clients). Because AES is the strongest encryption standard currently available, it is highly recommended for Enterprise networks.Any of the above encryption modes can be used (and can be used at the same time). Q. Which user authentication method should I use?A. User authentication ensures that users are who they say they are. For example, the most obvious example of authentication is logging in with a user name and password. The Wireless Array allows you to choose between the following user authentication methods:Pre-Shared KeyUsers must manually enter a key (pass phrase) on the client side of the wireless network that matches the key stored by the administrator in your Wireless Arrays.RADIUS 802.1x with EAP802.1x uses a RADIUS server to authenticate large numbers of clients, and can handle different EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) authentication methods, including EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS and EAP-PEAP. The RADIUS server can be internal (provided by the Wireless Array) or external. An external RADIUS server offers more functionality and is recommendedfor large Enterprise deployments.When using this method, user names and passwords must be entered into the RADIUS server for user authentication.MAC Address ACLs (Access Control Lists)MAC address ACLs provide a list of client adapter MAC addresses that are allowed or denied access to the wireless network. Access Control Lists work well when there are a limited TKIP encryption does not support high throughput rates, per the IEEE 802.11n.

Wireless Array485number of users — in this case, enter the MAC addresses of each user in the Allow list. In the event of a lost or stolen MAC adapter, enter the affected MAC address in the Deny list.Q. Why do I need to authenticate my Wireless Array units?A. When deploying multiple Wireless Arrays, you may need to define which units are part of which wireless network (for example, if you are establishing more than one network). In this case, you need to employ the Xirrus Management System (XMS) which can authenticate your Arrays automatically and ensure that only authorized units are associated with the defined wireless network.Q. What is rogue AP (Access Point) detection?A. The Wireless Array has integrated monitor capabilities, which can constantly scan the local wireless environment for rogue APs (non-Xirrus devices that are not part of your wireless network), unencrypted transmissions, and other security issues. Administrators can then classify each rogue AP and ensure that these devices do not interrupt or interfere with the network.See AlsoContact InformationGeneral Hints and TipsMultiple SSIDsVLAN SupportVLAN SupportQ. What Are VLANs?A. VLANs (Virtual Local Area Networks) are a logical grouping of network devices that share a common network broadcast domain. Members of a particular VLAN can be on any segment of the physical network but logically only members of a particular VLAN can see each other.

Wireless Array486VLANs are defined and implemented using the wired network switches that are VLAN capable. Packets are tagged for transmission on a particular VLAN according to the IEEE 802.1Q standard, with VLAN switches processing packets according to the tag.Q. What would I use VLANs for?A. Logically separating different types of users, systems, applications, or other logical division aids in performance and management of different network devices. Different VLANs can also be assigned with different packet priorities to prioritize packets from one VLAN over packets from another VLAN.VLANs are managed by software settings — instead of physically plugging in and moving network cables and users — which helps to ease network management tasks.Q. What are Wireless VLANs?A. Wireless VLANs allow similar functionality to the wired VLAN definitions and extend the operation of wired VLANs to the wireless side of the network.Wireless VLANs can be mapped to wireless SSIDs so that traffic from wired VLANs can be sent to wireless users of a particular SSID. The reverse is also true, where wireless traffic originating from a particular SSID can be tagged for transmission on a particular wired VLAN.Sixteen SSIDs can be defined on your Wireless Array, allowing a total of sixteen VLANs to be accessed (one per SSID).As an example, to provide guest user access an SSID of guest might be created. This SSID could be mapped to a wired VLAN that segregates unknown users from the rest of the wired network and restricts them to Internet access only. Wireless users could then associate to the wireless network via the guest SSID and obtain access to the Internet through the selected VLAN, but would be unable to access other privileged network resources.See Also

Wireless Array487Contact InformationGeneral Hints and TipsMultiple SSIDsSecurity

Wireless Array488Array Monitor and Radio Assurance CapabilitiesAll models of the Wireless Array have integrated monitoring capabilities to check that the Array’s radios are functioning correctly, and act as a threat sensor to detect and prevent intrusion from rogue access points. Enabling Monitoring on the ArrayAny radio may be set to monitor the Array or to be a normal IAP radio. In order to enable the functions required for intrusion detection and for monitoring the other Array radios, you must configure one monitor radio on the IAP Settings window as follows:Check the Enabled checkbox.Set Mode to Monitor.Set Channel to Monitor.The settings above will automatically set the Antenna selection to Internal-Omni., also required for monitoring. See the “IAP Settings” on page 279 for more details. The values above are the factory default settings for the Array. How Monitoring WorksWhen the monitor radio has been configured as just described, it performs these steps continuously (24/7) to check the other radios on the Array and detect possible intrusions:1. The monitor radio scans all channels with a 200ms dwell time, hitting all channels about once every 10 seconds.2. Each time it tunes to a new channel it sends out a probe request in an attempt to smoke out rogues.3. It then listens for all probe responses and beacons to detect any rogues within earshot.4. Array radios respond to that probe request with a probe response.Intrusion Detection is enabled or disabled separately from monitoring. See Step 1 in “Advanced RF Settings” on page 320.

Wireless Array489Radio AssuranceThe Array is capable of performing continuous, comprehensive tests on its radios to assure that they are operating properly. Testing is enabled using the Radio Assurance Mode setting on the Advanced RF Settings window (Step 2 in “Advanced RF Settings” on page 320). When this mode is enabled, the monitorradio performs loopback tests on the Array. Radio Assurance Mode requires Intrusion Detection to be set to Standard (See Step 1 in “Advanced RF Settings” on page 320). When Radio Assurance Mode is enabled:1. The Array keeps track of whether or not it hears beacons and probe responses from the Array’s radios. 2. After 10 minutes (roughly 60 passes on a particular channel by the monitor radio), if it has not heard beacons or probe responses from one of the Array’s radios it issues an alert in the Syslog. If repair is allowed (see “Radio Assurance Options” on page 490), the Array will reset and reprogram that particular radio at the Physical Layer (PHY — Layer 1). This action takes under 100ms and stations are not deauthenticated, thus users should not be impacted.3. After another 10 minutes (roughly another 60 passes), if the monitor still has not heard beacons or probe responses from the malfunctioning radio it will again issue an alert in the Syslog. If repair is allowed, the Array will reset and reprogram the MAC (the lower sublayer of the Data Link Layer) and then all of the PHYs. This is a global action that affects all radios. This action takes roughly 300ms and stations are not deauthenticated, thus users should not be impacted.4. After another 10 minutes, if the monitor still has not heard beacons or probe responses from that radio, it will again syslog the issue. If reboot is allowed (see “Radio Assurance Options” on page 490), the Array will schedule a reboot. This reboot will occur at one of the following times, whichever occurs first:•When no stations are associated to the Array•Midnight

Wireless Array490Radio Assurance OptionsIf the monitor detects a problem with an Array radio as described above, it will take action according to the preference that you have specified in the Radio Assurance Mode setting on the Advanced RF Settings window (see Step 2 page 322):Failure alerts only — The Array will issue alerts in the Syslog, but will not initiate repairs or reboots.Failure alerts & repairs, but no reboots — The Array will issue alerts and perform resets of the PHY and MAC as described above. Failure alerts & repairs & reboots if needed — The Array will issue alerts, perform resets of the PHY and MAC, and schedule reboots as described above. Disabled — Disable IAP loopback tests (no self-monitoring occurs). Loopback tests are disabled by default.

Wireless Array491RADIUS Vendor Specific Attribute (VSA) for XirrusA RADIUS VSA is defined for Xirrus Arrays to control administrator privileges settings for user accounts. The RADIUS VSA is used by Arrays to define the following attribute for administrator accounts:Array administrators — the Xirrus-Admin-Role attribute sets the privilege level for this account. Set the value to the string defined in Privilege Level Name as described in “About Creating Admin Accounts on the RADIUS Server” on page 218.

Wireless Array492Location Service Data FormatsXirrus Arrays are able to capture and upload visitor analytics data, acting as a sensor network in addition to providing wireless connectivity. This data is sent to the location server in different formats, based on the type of server. The Location Server URL, Location Customer Key, and Location Period for reporting data are configured under Location settings. See “Location” on page 186 for details. If a Location Customer Key has been entered, data is sent encrypted using AES with that key. Euclid Location ServerIf the Location Server URL contains the string euclid, then it specifies a Euclid server. Data is sent at the specified intervals, in the proprietary format expected by the Euclid location server.Non-Euclid Location ServerIf the Location Server URL doesn’t contain the string “euclid”, then data is sent as a JSON object at the specified intervals, with the following fields. Field Name Descriptionln Location Name Array location stringld Location Data Defined belowvn Version Number Set to 1ma MAC Address Base IAP MAC Addressmc Message Count Running message count (resets to 0 when array is rebooted)lt Location Table Table of Stations and APs heard during this windowsi Station ID Station MAC address (AES encrypted if cust-key is not blank)bi BSSID BSSID station is on (AES encrypted if cust-key is not blank)

Wireless Array493ap AP Flag 1=AP, 0=Stationcn Count Count of frames heard from device during this windowot Origin Time Timestamp of first frame in this window (Unix time in seconds)ct Current Time Timestamp of last frame in this window (Unix time in seconds)cf Current Frequency Frequency (MHz) last frame was heard onil Interval Low Minimum interval between frames (within 24 hr period)ih Interval High Maximum interval between frames (within 24 hr period)sl Signal Low Minimum signal strength (within 24 hr period)sh Signal High Maximum signal strength (within 24 hr period)so Signal Origin Signal strength of first frame heardsc Signal Current Signal strength of last frame heardField Name Description

$Wireless Array494Upgrading the Array via CLIIf you are experiencing difficulties communicating with the Array using the Web Management Interface, the Array provides lower-level facilities that may be used to accomplish an upgrade via the CLI and the Xirrus Boot Loader (XBL).1. Download the latest software update from the Xirrus FTP site using your Enhanced Care FTP username and password. If you do not have an FTP username and password, contact Xirrus Customer Service for assistance (support@xirrus.com). The software update is provided as a zip file. Unzip the contents to a local temp directory. Take note of the extracted file name in case you need it later on — you may also need to copy this file elsewhere on the network depending on your situation.2. Install a TFTP server software package if you don't have one running. It may be installed on any PC on your network, including your desktop or laptop. The Solar Winds version is freeware and works well. http://support.solarwinds.net/updates/New-customerFree.cfm?ProdId=52The TFTP install process creates the TFTP-Root directory on your C: drive, which is the default target for sending and receiving files. This may be changed if desired. This directory is where you will place the extracted Xirrus software update file(s). If you install the TFTP server on the same computer to which you extracted the file, you may change the TFTP directory to C:\xirrus if desired. You must make the following change to the default configuration of the Solar Winds TFTP server. In the File/Configure menu, select Security, then select Tra ns mit only and click OK.3. Determine the IP address of the computer hosting the TFTP server. (To display the IP address, open a command prompt and type ipconfig)4. Connect your Array to the computer running TFTP using a serial cable, and open a terminal program if you haven't already. Attach a network cable to the Array’s GIG1 port, if it is not already part of your network.$

Cambium Networks XR630 802.11ac 3x3 AP User Manual xirrus PDF

Xirrus, Inc. 802.11ac 3x3 AP xirrus PDF

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