Carlson Wireless Technologies TB59 Network Transmission Equipment User Manual

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Installation & User’s Manual
Trailblazer Digital Radio 2011
TB 5.9
Part Number 490-2000
Rev 1.03
Copyright 2011
Trademark Information
Trailblazer, the Trailblazer logo, RuralConnect, and the RuralConnect logo are registered trademarks of
Carlson Wireless Technologies Inc. Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation.
Copyright
Copyright © 2002-2011 Carlson Wireless, Inc. All Rights Reserved. No part of this manual may be
reproduced without permission from Carlson Wireless Technologies. The information contained in this
publication is the latest available; however, Carlson Wireless Technologies reserves the right to make
changes without notice.
US Headquarters:
1385 8th Street
Arcata, CA 95521 USA
Presales Inquires and Applications Support
Please contact your local distributor or the Carlson Wireless sales department. Purchasers of Carlson
Wireless Technologies products should make their own evaluations to determine the suitability of each
such product for their specific application. Carlson Wireless Technologies obligations regarding the use or
application of its products shall be limited to those commitments to the purchaser set forth in its Standard
Terms and Conditions of Sale for a delivered product. The use of this manual is also limited to the terms
and conditions stated in the contract between CWT and the purchaser.
Tel: +1 707.822.7000
Fax: +1 707.822.7010
Email: sales@carlsonwireless.com
URL: http://www.carlsonwireless.com
Repair and Return
Carlson Wireless will replace or repair this product within one year from the date of shipment if it does not
meet its published specification, or if it fails while in service. A return material authorization (RMA) is
required prior to returning equipment to CWT.
Customer Service
Technical support is available Monday - Friday, 9:00 am to 4:30 pm, PDT.
Tel: +1 707.822.7000
Email: support@carlsonwireless.com
URL: http://www.carlsonwireless.com/support.html
Training
The Customer Service department offers training classes including overviews on: applications,
engineering, in-house testing, configuration, field testing and maintenance. Please contact our Customer
Service department for more specific details.
ii
Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.03
SAFETY WARNING
Potentially hazardous voltages exist on TELCO lines and associated equipment. Always observe
standard safety precautions during installation, operation, and maintenance of these products. To avoid
the possibility of electric shock, be sure to disconnect the power from the remote power source before
you perform any line connections or repairs. Always disconnect all the cables connected to the system
before disconnecting the grounding connection. After disconnecting the power allow a few seconds for
the internal capacitances to discharge before accessing the boards.
QUALIFIED PERSONNEL WARNING
The installation procedures described in this manual must be performed by qualified personnel aware of
the hazards involved. The personnel involved in equipment installation must be trained in the installation
of telephone equipment and associated power systems; these personnel must strictly observe all the
safety precautions related to the installation of communication equipment.
Never install, remove, or adjust equipment and associated cables. Do not work on roofs, masts, or
towers during a lightning storm.
ATTENTION! STATIC SENSITIVE DEVICES
PROPER HANDLING AND GROUNDING WARNING
Components within the Trailblazer system are sensitive to electrostatic discharge (ESD). To avoid and
prevent ESD damage and device failure maintain proper grounding during configuration, repair or
maintenance. This is achieved through the use of an antistatic wrist strap securely connected to chassis
ground. Do not use conductive tools for adjusting channel select switch.
UL INSTALLATION SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS




Never install telephone wiring during a lightning storm.
Never install telephone jacks in a wet location unless the jack is specifically designed for wet
locations.
Never touch telephone wires or terminals unless the telephone line has been disconnected at the
network interface.
Use caution when installing or modifying telephone lines.
Connection to the Telephone Network
The equipment complies with Part 68 of the FCC rules. You will find the label located on the device. This
label contains the FCC Registration Number and the Ringer Equivalence Number (REN) for this
equipment. You must, upon request, provide this information to your telephone company. The REN is
used to determine the quantity of devices that may be connected to the telephone line and still have all of
those devices ring with an incoming call signal. In most areas the sum of the RENs of all devices
connected to one line should not exceed five (5.0). Confirm the number of devices possible on the
telephone line (in REN) by contacting the local telephone company who provides the service.
Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.03
iii
Incidence of Harm
If your telephone equipment causes harm to the telephone network, the telephone company may
disconnect your service temporarily. When possible, the telephone company will notify you in advance. If
advanced notice is not practical, you will be notified as soon as possible. You will also be informed of your
right to file a compliant with the FCC.
Rights of the Telephone Company
Your telephone company may make changes in its facilities, equipment, operations or procedures that
could affect the proper functioning of your equipment. In this case, you will be notified in advance to give
you an opportunity to maintain uninterrupted telephone service.
Coin Service or Party Use Line
This equipment may not be used on the coin service provided by the telephone company. Connection to
party lines is subject to state tariffs.
Compliance and US Regulatory Information
Model TB 5.9
FCC Reg No., Part 68
FCC Reg No., Part 15
Industry Canada CS-03
Industry Canada RSS-210
BMD8 USA – 27773-PT-E
FCCID: OPA-TB59
3448A-10241A
3448A-TB59
Compliance Classification
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant
to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful
interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates,
uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the
instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment
in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to
correct the interference at his own expense.
Radio Interference: Carlson Wireless USA Model TB59
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:
(1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and
(2) This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause
undesired operation. Changes of modification not expressly approved by the party responsible for
compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.
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Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.03
Declaration of Conformity
Manufacturer’s Name:
Manufacturer’s Address:
Declares that the product:
Product Name:
Carlson Wireless Technologies Inc.
1385 8th Street
Arcata, CA 95521
USA
Trailblazer TB59
Conforms to the following standard(s) or other normative document(s):
EMC:
FCC Part 90
Supplementary Information:
Published Specifications
Chris Spoerle
Director of Quality Management
1385 8th Street
Arcata, CA
Jan 2011
Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.03
Table of Contents
_____________________________________________________________________________
Introduction .................................................................................................. 1
1.1
Scope of Manual ..................................................................................... 1
1.2
Functional Overview and Applications .................................................... 1
1.2.1
Main Features and Advantages ....................................................... 1
1.2.2
General Specifications..................................................................... 3
Pretest and System Planning ..................................................................... 3
2.1
Site Requirements and System Planning ............................................... 4
2.1.1
Grounding ........................................................................................ 4
2.1.2
Lightning Protection ......................................................................... 4
2.1.3
Line of Sight: Is it enough? .............................................................. 4
2.1.4
Fresnel Zone: What it is in plain English!......................................... 5
2.1.5
Path Loss ........................................................................................ 6
2.1.6
RF Cable Sizing and Recommendations ......................................... 6
2.1.7
Data Cable Recommendations ........................................................ 7
2.1.8
General Tools .................................................................................. 7
2.2
Unpacking............................................................................................... 8
2.3
Bench Testing Instructions ..................................................................... 9
2.3.1
Setting up Your Trailblazer on the Bench ........................................ 9
2.3.2
Powering the Trailblazer .................................................................. 9
2.3.3
Connecting the POTS Lines .......................................................... 11
2.3.4
Connecting the Leased Lines ........................................................ 12
Operation .................................................................................................... 15
3.1
Configuring and Accessing the Trailblazer Unit .................................... 15
3.1.1
Connecting the Serial Cable .......................................................... 15
3.1.2
Installing the CWT GUI on Your PC .............................................. 15
3.1.3
Using the GUI ................................................................................ 15
3.1.4
Software Downloads Using the GUI .............................................. 16
3.2
Accessing the Trailblazer using HyperTerminal™ ................................ 18
3.2.1
Windows™ HyperTerminal™ Software ......................................... 18
3.3
Setting the Radio Frequency and Scrambling Code ............................. 18
3.3.1
Selecting the CPE Time Slot ......................................................... 19
3.4
Allocating Bandwidth to Voice and/or Data ........................................... 19
Field Installation Options .......................................................................... 23
4.1
Mounting the Enclosure ........................................................................ 23
4.2
External Antennas ................................................................................ 24
4.2.1
Marketing and Sales Channels ...................................................... 25
4.2.2
Calculating the EIRP of an External Antenna ................................ 25
4.2.3
RF Safety Hazard Warning ............................................................ 26
4.3
16dBi 5.8 - 5.9 GHz Sector Base-Station Antenna ............................... 27
4.3.1
Product Overview .......................................................................... 27
4.3.2
Unpacking ..................................................................................... 27
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Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.03
4.3.3
Mounting........................................................................................ 27
4.4
Weatherproofing RF Connections ........................................................ 30
4.5
Antenna Alignment ............................................................................... 30
4.6
Interference Solutions ........................................................................... 30
4.7
Lightning Protection .............................................................................. 31
4.7.1
Antenna Port Protection ................................................................ 31
4.7.2
Telephone Line Port/ Subscriber Premises Protection .................. 34
Test & Maintenance ................................................................................... 36
5.1
Diagnostics ........................................................................................... 36
5.1.1
LED Function ................................................................................. 36
5.2
Maintenance ......................................................................................... 37
5.2.1
Installation of Software/Firmware Upgrades .................................. 37
Appendix .................................................................................................... 38
6.1
About Carlson Wireless ........................................................................ 38
6.1.1
Mission .......................................................................................... 38
6.1.2
History ........................................................................................... 38
6.1.3
Summary ....................................................................................... 38
6.2
System Specifications........................................................................... 39
6.2.1
Block Diagram ............................................................................... 40
6.3
Cable Pin outs ...................................................................................... 41
6.3.1
Configuration Port Pinout .............................................................. 41
6.4
Advanced Programming and Diagnostics ............................................. 43
6.4.1
Configuring the Serial Port Parameters ......................................... 43
6.4.2
Setting the V35 enable and port location ....................................... 44
6.4.3
Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) .................................... 44
6.4.4
Air Link Quality .............................................................................. 45
6.4.5
Installation of Software/Firmware Upgrades .................................. 45
6.5
Antenna Patterns and Specifications .................................................... 47
6.5.1
16dBi Directional Panel Plots and Specs ...................................... 47
6.6
Warranty ............................................................................................... 48
6.7
Acronyms/Abbreviations ....................................................................... 49
6.8
Glossary ............................................................................................... 50
Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.03
vii
List of Figures
_____________________________________________________________________________
Figure 1: Line of Sight is clear, the first Fresnel Zone is NOT clear. ..................... 5
Figure 2: Base Unit Power Connections ............................................................. 10
Figure 3: Connecting the Serial Cable ................................................................ 15
Figure 4: Rotary Switch and Reset Button .......................................................... 18
Figure 5: CPE Time Slot Selection Switch .......................................................... 19
Figure 6: Wall mounting the Trailblazer enclosure .............................................. 23
Figure 7: Pole mounting the Trailblazer enclosure .............................................. 24
Figure 8: Surge Protection, RF ........................................................................... 32
Figure 9: Antenna Port Lightning Protector, VSWR and Insertion Loss .............. 33
Figure 10: Primary Telephone Line Transient Protection .................................... 34
Figure 11: Trailblazer Radio Card LEDs ............................................................. 36
Figure 12: Block Diagram of Radio Card ............................................................ 40
Figure 13: Serial Data Cable Pinout (PCB View) ................................................ 41
Figure 14: Serial Data Cable Schematic ............................................................. 42
List of Tables
_____________________________________________________________________________
Table 1: Fresnel Zone Chart ................................................................................. 5
Table 2: Fade Margin Chart .................................................................................. 6
Table 3: Coax Cable Loss Table ........................................................................... 7
Table 4: Feed Cable Sizing and Distance for the Traiblazer ............................... 11
Table 10: Commands and switches for bandwidth.............................................. 20
Table 11: Example configuration scripts ............................................................. 22
Table 12: RF Lightning Protection....................................................................... 32
Table 13: Subscriber side protection................................................................... 35
Table 14: System Status LED Information Table ................................................ 36
Table 15: Configuration Port Cable Construction Table ...................................... 41
Table 16: Serial Data Cable Pinout ..................................................................... 42
Table 17: 16dBi Directional Panel Specifications ................................................ 47
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Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.03
1 Introduction
1.1 Scope of Manual
The purpose of this manual is to provide planning and installation personnel with the
appropriate procedures to plan and install the 2011 Trailblazer Digital Microwave Radio
and accessory equipments. In order to avoid harm to persons or damage to the product,
please ensure that you have read and understand the safety, unpacking, and
installation sections before proceeding.
1.2 Functional Overview and Applications
Using state-of-the-art digital electronics, the Trailblazer provides 512kbps of highquality, reliable, wireless voice and/or high-speed data connection over distances of up
to 32mi/ 50 km or more in repeated applications. This radio integrates seamlessly with
POTS voice cards and Leased Line cards, V.35 protocol or standard 10baseT Ethernet
devices. CWT provides competitive price and performance solutions for many of the
world’s telecommunication needs in both point-to-point and point-to-multipoint
applications. Applications include:












Security Monitoring Cameras
Public Safety Data Links
Internet Cafés and Telephone Calling Centers
Point-to-Point Commercial Data Links
Cellular Backhaul Data Needs
Permanent or Temporary Telephone Service
Temporary or Emergency Restoration of Service
Public Calling Phones
Retrofit for Exhausted Wire line Systems
Islands and other Isolated Areas
Inaccessible, Environmentally Sensitive and Historic Areas
Harsh Climates and Geologically Adverse Environments
1.2.1 Main Features and Advantages
Advantages Over Wire Line
The Trailblazer’s wireless link eliminates the expense of right-of-way and wire line costs,
provides solutions for areas where adverse geology, climate or inaccessibility exclude
the installation of wire lines, and preserves the beauty and integrity of sensitive
environments and historic structures.
Wire Line Quality Voice and Data
You can configure your Trailblazer for data speeds up to 512 kbps or designate part of
your bandwidth to POTS lines, as the Trailblazer seamlessly integrates our 64kbps full
Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.03
bandwidth PCM POTS or Leased Line cards for high quality, uncompressed audio with
an excellent signal-to-noise ratio.
Easy Installation
The units mount on a 1.5"- 3" pipe or pole or to any vertical surface, use an external
antenna, and have their own power supply (optional) or operate on 12-24 VDC, easily
powered by solar.
Low Power Draw: Ideal for Solar Applications
The low power consumption of 2 Watts makes the units very energy efficient. They
accept any DC voltage from 12V to 24V and are thus easily powered by solar. CWT
solar powering kits are available with up to 7 days of back-up power.
Flexible & Programmable
All Trailblazer models are bench or field programmable. Using the GUI (Graphical User
Interface) application with a Windows PC and serial COM port, you can configure the
amount of bandwidth, allocate voice and data channels, select different frequencies and
CDMA codes, use antenna alignment aids and other diagnostic tools, as well as
upgrade software and firmware. The Trailblazer models support all CLASS features,
fax, and V.90 dial-up modems.
Rugged & Weatherproof
All components, including the digital radio cards, multiplexer, power supplies & CPU,
are fully integrated into the 8lb/ 3kg waterproof enclosure. The units are housed in a
NEMA 4X waterproof enclosure, built to last in tough climates. The lockable
polycarbonate enclosure with a neoprene gasket will protect against wind, rain, and ice
ensuring years of service.
License Required for the 5.9 MHz
The Trailblazer TB 5.9 uses the, in most countries, the license 5.9 GHz frequency
bands, while fully encrypted spread-spectrum CDMA modulations, proprietary framing
structure and packet size assure complete privacy and security.
Standard ISO 2593 V.35 DTE port
Because the Trailblazer models feature a standard ISO 2593 V.35 DTE port, most other
V.35 devices plug right into the Trailblazer Phone Extender.
Repeater Mode
This product can be used as a digital repeater by simply connecting two units via the
V.35 data port and optional repeater cable.
Expandable
Starting with only one link, you can add CPE units, gaining the features of a point-tomultipoint topology for your current and future growing needs without loosing any of
your original investment.
10BaseT On-Board Ethernet Port
Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.03
On-board Ethernet satisfies simultaneous LAN / IP data and PCM voice needs with an
Industry Standard RJ45 10BaseT connection. Some of its advanced features include
802.3 Ethernet supported by Transparent LAN bridging and Automatic LAN MAC
address filtering at the MAC level, making it transparent to higher level protocols such
as TCP/IP, DECnet, NETBIOS, and IPX network protocols. Broadcast, multicast, or
frames set up for peered LAN are forwarded while reserving maximum RF bandwidth.
1.2.2 General Specifications
Note: More technical details are found in the Appendix of this manual
Product Description
Data Interfaces
Primary Serial Data Port
Data Rate and Type
Serial Command Port
Latency
Power Requirements
Input Voltage
Digital Microwave Radio with POTS, Leased
Lines and 10BaseT / V.35 port
(1) RJ45 port providing 10BaseT
256/512 kbps, synchronous
RS 232, 57.6 kbps, N, 8, 1, No flow, Echo on
< 4.4ms depending on speed selected
Power Consumption
Battery Backup (optional)
12 to 24 VDC or 100-260 VAC with AC power supply
(optional)
2 Watts (not including add-on cards)
Up to 8 hours with a 2.2mAh SLA battery.
RF Specifications
RF Frequency Range
Modulation Type
Transmitter Output Power
Receiver Sensitivity (10-6 BER)
5.865 to 5.885Ghz, 5.895 to 5915Ghz
BPSK (256) or QPSK (512kbs) DSSS
+20dBm max, auto set for CDMA operation
-93dBm @ 256 kbps, -90dBm @ 512 kbps
Operating Temp
Physical Characteristics
Enclosure Dimensions
Unit Weight
Enclosure Specifications
Mounting
-30 to +60 Degrees C with solar shielding,
0-90% Non-Condensing
13 x 11 x 6 in / 33 x 28 x 15 cm
8 lbs / 3.7kg
NEMA 4X, rain, wind and ice protected GE
Valox99® polycarbonate w/ neoprene gasket
1”-2.25” or 2.5cm-5.7cm pipe/pole
2 Pretest and System Planning
Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.03
2.1 Site Requirements and System Planning
2.1.1 Grounding
A ground is a low impedance electrical connection to earth that is used to dissipate
energy. Grounding your Trailblazer is very important for safety reasons as well as to
protect your system from damage due to lightning and static charge build up. Since
lightning strikes and surges follow the path of least resistance, all ground wires must be
as short and straight as possible and not be coiled or looped. Choose the largest
diameter ground wire your ground connectors will accept for good electrical
conductivity.
Recommended grounds are: the utility company ground, a ground rod, well casings,
and cold water pipes that are of continuous metal. A note of caution: sometimes the
metal-cold water pipes are repaired and/or extended with PVC piping hidden behind
drywall. The introduction of PVC material disrupts the material’s conductivity and thus
renders it unacceptable as a ground.
Unacceptable grounds are: sprinkler pipes, PVC pipes, conduit, buried wire, and any
ground that cannot be verified.
2.1.2 Lightning Protection
Lightning protection with a poor ground is the same as having no protection at
all!
Lightning is one of the most dangerous and unfortunately most frequently encountered
natural hazards to your Trailblazer. Ensure that your system is adequately protected. A
good connection to ground is indispensable for your lightning protection to work
correctly and thus preventing lighting and surge damage to your Trailblazer. The
Trailblazer system is equipped with on-board secondary active lightning protection
only. The lightning protection is only effective when the system is powered up. If you
power down your Trailblazer, disconnect the antennas and phone lines to prevent
damage from lightning strikes. Install primary lightning protection with a good ground
on all RF, data/voice line connections that have even a moderate outdoor line build out.
A good rule of thumb is that all lines entering or exiting a building need protection. Both
ends of the cables between buildings must be protected! See section 5.2 for detailed
specifications and usage information on primary lightning protection available from
Carlson Wireless.
2.1.3 Line of Sight: Is it enough?
Visual line of sight (LOS) is the straight, unobstructed line between the Base unit’s
antenna and the CPE’s antenna. In other words, when you stand next to one antenna,
you can see the other one. Because RF waves spread out three dimensionally rather
than in a straight line, LOS is important in microwave transmission but not adequate.
As the waves travel out from the transmitting antenna, the signal density decreases and
more three dimensional space around the visual LOS is necessary to be able to receive
Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.03
a reasonable signal at the receiving antenna. This three dimensional space is called
the RF LOS or Fresnel zone for the French physicist who first discovered its
importance.
2.1.4 Fresnel Zone: What it is in plain English!
The Fresnel zone is the tree dimensional cone around the line-of-sight that radio waves
spread out into after they leave the antenna. The cross section of the first Fresnel zone
is circular; subsequent zones’ cross sections are annular. The signal strength is
strongest in zone 1 and decreases in each successive zone.
Not only trees, buildings and mountains can occupy a Fresnel Zone, the curvature of
the earth, even for some short paths, also has to be taken into consideration. A rule of
thumb is that 60% of the first Fresnel zone must be free of any obstructions for
tolerable attenuation of the signal.
In addition to absorbing the RF signal, objects in the RF path can also reflect it, making
the signal out of phase with the original signal, and effectively causing signal
cancellation. In zone 1 the signal will be 0 to 90o out of phase in zone 2, 90 to 270o in
zone 3, 270 to 450o and so on. Even numbered zones have the maximum phase
canceling effect and in odd numbered zones the reflected waves will add to the signal.
Line of Sight
Fresnel Zone
Figure 1: Line of Sight is clear, the first Fresnel Zone is NOT clear.
Zone Frequency
(MHz)
Wavelength
(feet)
Distance to
start
(miles) (km)
Distance to
end
(miles)
(km)
Fresnel Radius
(feet)
(m)
60% of Zone
(feet)
(m)
2400
0.41
2.0
3.2
2.0
3.2
46.53
14.18
27.92
8.51
2400
0.41
2.0
3.2
2.0
3.2
65.80
20.06
39.48
12.03
2400
0.41
1.5
2.4
4.5
7.2
49.35
15.04
29.61
9.03
2400
0.41
3.0
4.8
3.0
4.8
56.98
17.37
34.19
10.42
2400
0.41
4.0
6.4
10.0
16.0
78.65
23.97
47.19
14.38
2400
0.41
6.0
9.6
6.0
9.6
80.59
24.56
48.35
14.74
2400
0.41
12.0
19.2
12.0
19.2
113.97
34.74
68.38
20.84
Table 1: Fresnel Zone Chart
Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.03
Some examples are given in the table above. On the software CD that comes with each
system there is a folder called “Calculators”. In that folder you will find an excel
spreadsheet called fresnel zone calculator.xls you can use to calculate your own
path.
Set the Fresnel zone to even numbered values when plotting a profile to see potential
areas of phase canceling present in the path. You can improve your path by optimizing
the height of antennas so that the first Fresnel zone is clear.
2.1.5 Path Loss
After confirming line of sight and adequate Fresnel zone clearance, add the Free Space
Loss of the radio signal, RF cable losses, and antenna gains to determine your system’s
remaining signal, i.e. fade margin. The chart below shows various antenna and distance
combinations.
Distance
in miles
Distance
in km
Ant Gain
in dBi
Ext RF
Cable(s)
Path Loss
in dB
RF power
in dBm
ERP
in dBm
Link Margin
in dB
1.5
2.4
14.0
0.0
108
17
31
28.0
2.0
3.2
14.0
0.0
110
17
31
25.5
5.0
8.0
14.0
0.0
118
17
31
17.6
8.0
12.9
14.0
0.0
122
17
31
13.5
10.0
16.1
14.0
0.0
124
17
31
11.5
12.0
19.3
14.0
0.0
126
17
31
10.0
14.0
22.5
14.0
0.0
127
17
31
8.6
20.0
32.2
24.0
1.4
130
17
41
24.1
35.0
56.3
24.0
1.4
135
17
41
19.3
50.0
80.5
24.0
1.4
138
17
41
16.2
Table 2: Fade Margin Chart
You can also calculate your own path loss using the integrated radio link margin
calculator included on the CWT product CD in a folder called “Calculators”.
Video Transmitters
These devices use analog radios which are usually fixed in frequency, utilize 6 to 10
MHz of bandwidth and are low power with an ERP of less then +10dBm.
2.1.6 RF Cable Sizing and Recommendations
Before making any decisions as to which cable to use, first consider several factors; the
final length of the cable, the amount of power you want the cable to tolerate, the loss
factor of the cable at your chosen frequency and the outdoor climate conditions the
cable will be exposed to. For most general installations, LMR400 will work fine. Heliax™
Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.03
is recommended for any cable runs over 100 feet. The chart below provides the loss
factor for several popular cable sizes.
Coax Cable Attenuation (dB per 100 feet)
Cable Type
at 2.5 GHz
at 5.8 GHz
LMR 400
6.8 dB
10.8 dB
LMR 500
5.5 dB
8.9 dB
LMR 600
4.4 dB
7.3 dB
1/2 inch LDF Heliax™
3.9 dB
7.0 dB
LMR 900
3.0 dB
4.9 dB
7/8 inch LDF Heliax™
2.3 dB
3.7 dB
Table 3: Coax Cable Loss Table
2.1.7 Data Cable Recommendations
The new design of the Trailblazer replaces proprietary cables with standard CAT5
Ethernet cables terminated with RJ45 connectors for the sync and repeater functions.
NOTE: Feed the cable through the weatherproof cord grip before terminating it. The
cord grip is too small to accept an RJ45 connector especially while occupied by other
cables!
2.1.8 General Tools













ESD Gear
Desktop PC or Laptop Computer with Windows™
Wrench Set
Socket Set
Screwdriver Set
Multi Meter
Butt-set or Test Telephone with bare wire connection
Wire Cutters
Wire Strippers
Vapor Wrap
Electrical Tape
Small Non-Conductive adjustment tool
Safety Gear
Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.03
2.2 Unpacking
NOTE: Always observe ESD precautions when handling circuit boards!
Before opening inspect the shipping box(es) and report any damage to the shipping
carrier. Unpack and compare the contents against the packing slip and inspect for
damage. Report any damage to the units or missing components to your CWT sales
representative.
Included in your purchase is:






The Quick Start Guide to help you become familiar with your system
The CWT Product CD (contains the user manuals, back up configuration
software, and other needed items!)
(2) Test Antennas for bench testing
One Serial Interface Cable to connect to the GUI
Mounting Hardware (optional)
Power Supplies (optional) will be pre-installed in the enclosures
Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.03
2.3 Bench Testing Instructions
Before going into the field set up the units on your bench to become familiar with their
set up, operation, configuration, and verify their functionality. Each system is shipped
with a handy, full-color “Quick Start Guide” for simplified step-by-step instructions for
bench testing. The following section will provide you with the same information in
greater detail.
2.3.1 Setting up Your Trailblazer on the Bench
Set your units next to each other and attach the included test antennas to the N female
connectors on the enclosures as shown. The units may not achieve an RF connection
without these little antennas.
Test Antennas
2.3.2 Powering the Trailblazer
The Trailblazer units accept 12 -24VDC negative ground. There are special provisions
for using a positive ground, please contact your CWT sales representative for more
information. If your system is equipped with a battery backup, verify that the battery
output is 12VDC or more. If the battery output is less than 12VDC, disconnect the power
supply’s black and red power cables, connected to the terminal block, from your unit,
and simply connect the power supply’s terminated red (+) and black (-) power cables to
their respective terminals on the battery. Plug the AC power supply cable into an AC
source to charge the battery, and verify that the battery is charging. Ensure that the
battery is fully charged before proceeding into the field. When the battery is fully
charged, verify that the unit powers up by noting that the LEDs are lit.
Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.03
Terminal Block
Negative
(Normally earth ground)
Positive
12 to 24 VDC
Figure 2: Base Unit Power Connections
If you are not using the CWT power supply, size your power supply adequately using
Ohm’s law. For example, if you provide 12VDC you consume 2/12 A or about 167mA. If
you provide 24VDC you use about half of that or 85mA. CWT recommends providing at
least 4 times the power consumption. The Trailblazer consumes 2 Watts. CWT’s power
supply with battery backup supplies 13.8VDC @ 1 A or 14 Watts.
You can also power your Trailblazer by using several of the unused voice/data pairs in a
standard 6 pair telephone cable. Don’t forget to allow for additional current if add-on
card options are selected.
The standard 6 pair telephone cable is made of 22 AWG size copper. This means that
both legs will have 3.2 ohms of resistance per 100 feet. The table below shows the
distance at which you have a 5% maximum recommended voltage drop using 2 pairs of
wires paralleled together.
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Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.03
Cable Size
(A.W.G.)
(mm)
Ohms/100ft
(both legs )
feet per Ohm
(both legs)
if feeding 13.8,
distance with 5%
(voltage loss 2pr.)
if feeding 24,
distance with 5%
(voltage loss 2pr.)
14
1.63
0.516
194
1783
6202
16
1.29
0.818
122
1125
3912
18
1.09
1.302
77
707
2458
19
0.91
1.642
61
560
1949
22
0.64
3.3
30
279
970
24
0.51
5.24
19
176
611
26
0.41
8.32
12
111
385
Table 4: Feed Cable Sizing and Distance for the Traiblazer
2.3.3 Connecting the POTS Lines
Connect POTS lines as shown in the figure below using the black screw terminals on
the units’ interface cards. Remember to connect the telephone line(s) from the phone
company to the Base unit and the handset(s) to the CPE unit. The location of your
active lines will depend on the time slots selection made by the CPE and the bandwidth
used. Note the “Active Line” label on your Base and CPE units.
10BaseT
Port
Ethernet
Repeater “A”
Repeater “B”
CPE
#3
Line 2
CPE
#2
Line 2
CPE
#1
Line 2
CPE
#0
Line 2
Repeater
Ports
Line 1
RJ45
Line 1
Screw
Terminals
Sync
Port
Line 1
Line 1
Connecting POTS lines, Repeater, and Sync
Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.03
11
For durability as well as ease of installation and acquisition, repeater and
synchronization cables require standard RJ45 connectors and CAT5 cable using
standard Ethernet cable wiring. Remember to feed the CAT5 cable through the
weatherproof cord grips before terminating the ends. In addition to the RJ45 connector,
there are (4) screw terminals for synchronization. Wire SYNC OUT to SYNC IN and vice
versa.
2.3.4 Connecting the Leased Lines
The Leased Line interface is provided on two standard 50 pin female Centronics
connectors. The connector 1 contains the audio and E&M signaling for lines 1 through
4, and connector 2 contains the audio and E&M signaling for lines 5 through 8. See
figure below for pin out information:
50 Pin Centronics Connector
Connector pin-out:
Pin
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
10
35
11
36
12
37
12
Connector 1
Signal
Transmit Audio 1+
Transmit Audio 1Ground
Transmit Audio 2+
Transmit Audio 2Ground
Transmit Audio 3+
Transmit Audio 3Ground
Transmit Audio 4+
Transmit Audio 4Ground
Receive Audio 1+
Receive Audio 1Ground
Receive Audio 2+
Receive Audio 2Ground
Receive Audio 3+
Receive Audio 3Ground
Receive Audio 4+
Receive Audio 4Ground
Pin
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
10
35
11
36
12
37
Connector 2
Signal
Transmit Audio 5+
Transmit Audio 5Ground
Transmit Audio 6+
Transmit Audio 6Ground
Transmit Audio 7+
Transmit Audio 7Ground
Transmit Audio 8+
Transmit Audio 8Ground
Receive Audio 5+
Receive Audio 5Ground
Receive Audio 6+
Receive Audio 6Ground
Receive Audio 7+
Receive Audio 7Ground
Receive Audio 8+
Receive Audio 8Ground
Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.03
13
38
14
39
15
40
16
41
17
42
E1
M1
E2
M2
E3
M3
E4
M4
Ground
Ground
13
38
14
39
15
40
16
41
17
42
E5
M5
E6
M6
E7
M7
E8
M8
Ground
Ground
If a standard telephone cable is used, the connections may be brought to pre-wired
punch blocks using two 25 pair telephone cables. The location of the signals is shown
in the following table as they appear on a standard punch block. The punch block
terminals are numbered from top to bottom. The 50 pin Centronics connector pins
(abbreviated Ctrnx) are included for reference.
50 pin
Ctrnx
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
10
36
11
37
12
38
13
39
14
40
15
41
Punch
Term
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
Signal
name
Transmit Audio 1Transmit Audio 1+
Transmit Audio 2+
Ground
Ground
Transmit Audio 2Transmit Audio 3Transmit Audio 3+
Transmit Audio 4+
Ground
Ground
Transmit Audio 4Receive Audio 1Receive Audio 1+
Receive Audio 2+
Ground
Ground
Receive Audio 2Receive Audio 3Receive Audio 3+
Receive Audio 4+
Ground
Ground
Receive Audio 4M1
E1
M2
E2
M3
E3
M4
50 pin
Ctrnx
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
10
36
11
37
12
38
13
39
14
40
15
41
Punch
Term
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.03
Signal
name
Transmit Audio 5Transmit Audio 5+
Transmit Audio 6+
Ground
Ground
Transmit Audio 6Transmit Audio 7Transmit Audio 7+
Transmit Audio 8+
Ground
Ground
Transmit Audio 8Receive Audio 5Receive Audio 5+
Receive Audio 6+
Ground
Ground
Receive Audio 6Receive Audio 7Receive Audio 7+
Receive Audio 8+
Ground
Ground
Receive Audio 8M5
E5
M6
E6
M7
E7
M8
13
16
42
17
14
32
33
34
E4
Ground
Ground
16
42
17
32
33
34
Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.03
E8
Ground
Ground
3 Operation
3.1 Configuring and Accessing the Trailblazer Unit
3.1.1 Connecting the Serial Cable
You can access your Trailblazer with the GUI program, included on the CWT product
CD, and the included serial cable. Simply plug the DB 9 connector of the serial cable
into the serial port on your computer and the three pin connector to the three pin
connector (COM1) on the radio board (bottom board) as shown. DO NOT USE COM2!
It is currently reserved for future applications.
NOTE: Unpredictable results may occur if you are using a USB to serial COM Port
adapter!
Should you need to replace the serial cable, contact CWT or see Section 6.3.1 in the
appendix for a pin-out and a description on how to make one.
RESET
CONNECT SERIAL
CABLE TO COM1 HERE
(Don’t use COM2!)
Figure 3: Connecting the Serial Cable
3.1.2 Installing the CWT GUI on Your PC
The CD included with your system contains a folder called “GUI” with the self executing
file CWT Trailblazer GUI 1.0x.xxxx [ALL-OS].exe. Browse to the CD and open the file
to install the GUI program on your PC. After you have successfully installed the GUI,
start the program by either double clicking the CWT Trailblazer GUI ver. x.xx file on
your desktop or browse
start-> programs-> Carlson Wireless Technologies Inc-> CWT Trailblazer GUI ver.
x.xx
3.1.3 Using the GUI
Double click the CWT icon and choose the appropriate COM port connected to your
serial cable.
Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.03
15
After you have selected the correct
COM port, the software will display
the connected unit’s current
configuration data.
The screen will look slightly
different depending on whether you
are connected to the CPE or Base
unit. The box highlighted in green
will display the type of unit that is
currently communicating with the
software. All systems are
shipped pre-configured. Do not
change any parameters unless
advised to do so by a CWT
technician. The integrated V.35
data port can be enabled and disabled here as well.
GUI showing starting screen
3.1.4 Software Downloads Using the GUI
To download new software, click
on the “Program Download” button
on the Configuration tab and
browse to the location of the file as
shown to the right. For the CPE
units, use the firmware
“station_xxx” file and the software
CPE APPxxx.hex file. For the
Base unit, use the firmware
“station_xxx” file and the software
LINE CARD APPxxx.hex file.
Select the file, and click “Open” to
start downloading.
GUI Showing File Browser
16
Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.03
The new CPE and Base unit
software will take about a minute to
download. The firmware takes
about 3 or 4 minutes to download.
To the right you will see a sample
view of what you should see during
the download.
Do not interrupt the download!
When the download is complete,
the unit will automatically reboot
and update the version numbers.
Once the “Program Download”
button reappears, you can
select another file to
download.
Loading Software with the GUI
Select the Status tab to view the
current status of RF link, signal
strength, line “hook” state, SFD
loss count and an on-board
temperature reading. Select
DISCONNECT in the COM Port
selection box before moving the
serial cable to another radio card.
Resume connection and status
readings by selecting the active
COM port. The battery voltage
status only applies to CPEs
equipped with solar power.
GUI Showing Status of a CPE
Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.03
17
Click on the Terminal tab to monitor
status, view and log real-time link
quality reports and manually
interface with the Trailblazer radio
cards via the Terminal screen. In the
middle of the terminal screen you will
notice a command line box. One
command at a time may be entered
and sent to the radio card via this
terminal interface or by using
terminal software.
GUI showing status of a CPE terminal
3.2 Accessing the Trailblazer using HyperTerminal™
3.2.1 Windows™ HyperTerminal™ Software
As a secondary precaution, as well as to allow user access to advanced configurations,
such as allocation of bandwidth to data and voice lines not supported by the GUI
software, the Trailblazer system is alternately equipped with a terminal interface. If you
do not have access to a PC with the Windows™ operating system or have trouble with
the GUI software, many diagnostic and setup tasks can be performed with a basic
terminal program such as Windows HyperTerminal™. See Section 6.4 in the Appendix
for connection instructions, settings and usage.
3.3 Setting the Radio Frequency and Scrambling Code
Reset
Switch
Radio
Frequency
Selector
Figure 4: Rotary Switch and Reset Button
18
Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.03
The radio frequency and scrambling code of the Carlson Wireless radios operate on
numerous band selections based on purchased configuration. Within the selected
operational band, multiple frequencies are provided in combination with code variations.
Selections within the offered band are provided using the 16 position rotary switch
located between the 10BaseT port and the white three pin connectors. The tables
below show the switch settings for the 16 frequency/code combinations for each band
currently offered.
Channel 
code 0
code 1
code 2
code 3
5.875 GHz
5.905 GHz
Table 5: 5.8-9 – Frequency/Code Switch Matrix
3.3.1 Selecting the CPE Time Slot
Up to (4) CPE units can communicate with each Base unit when used in a STAR
topology. To distinguish between the four CPEs, a different time slot is allocated to each
CPE using the rotary DIP switch located immediately behind the LEDs as shown in the
figure below. Use a non-conductive trim tool to select time slots 0, 1, 2, and 3 to avoid
shorting any components. Reset the unit to put your selection in effect by pressing the
reset button located behind the second white three pin connector as shown.
CPE Time
Slot
Selector
Reset
Button
Figure 5: CPE Time Slot Selection Switch
3.4 Allocating Bandwidth to Voice and/or Data
Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.03
19
Preceding future integration of these functions into
GUI software, some system configurations must
performed on a manual text entry level. To do this,
can interface with the Trailblazer radio card using
either the GUI software on the Terminal screen
(See Section 3.1.3) or by using the
HyperTerminal™ software. You will also need to
a 50ms delay to the linefeed in your terminal
ASCII settings in order to send text commands to
Trailblazer radio through terminal software. See
screenshot (right) for an example.
the
be
you
add
the
the
Begin by starting the GUI or making sure your
terminal software is loaded and properly
configured to communicate with the Trailblazer radios. See Section 6.4 for configuration
instructions.
Each setting is controlled by a short “command name” followed by an EEprom register
or “switch” designated by a letter or letters on your screen. Type the command name for
the function you wish to implement followed by the appropriate “switch” and press enter.
The Trailblazer radio card should respond by echoing the new setting back to you. It
usually takes (7) sets of these commands to configure a radio card for any of its many
functional states. The settings may be changed one at a time or combined in a text file,
known as a “script”, and loaded into the Trailblazer radio card. See the following table
for details and examples.
CPE 0
CPE 1
CPE 2
CPE 3
Write to
EEprom
register
wee
Write to
EEprom
register
wee
Write to
EEprom
register
wee
wee
wee
wee
0=Star
EEprom
8=P2P
register
EEprom
register
EEprom
register
10
11
12
13
reset
# of
Total
Ch.
# of Data
Channels
# of
Data
Ch.
# of
Voice
Ch.
Table 5: Commands and switches for bandwidth
20
Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.03
To set for Star topology or Point-to-Point and Bandwidth of the Base unit:
This is set using the EEprom register “E”.
If the first digit of the switch setting or “most significant digit” is an “8” then it is planned
to be in point-to-point mode. If the first is “0” or none then it will be in Star mode.
The second digit or “least significant digit” is for the bandwidth (as transmitted from the
base unit) with the number corresponding to how many 64 kb channels are made
available.
For example, type in though Hyper terminal or the GUI window [wee e 84]
The system should respond back with [000E: 84]
This will set up a Point to Point with 256 kb available bandwidth.
Entering [wee e 08] would set the radio to be a Star with 512 kb bandwidth.
To allocate total data Bandwidth of the base unit:
To allocate data channels in 64kbps increments, EEprom register “F” is the total number
of data channels allocated to the Base unit.
To allocate total data Bandwidth of the CPE terminal:
To allocate channels to the CPE stations, the EEprom registers 10,11,12,13 are used.
This will handle up to (4) CPEs in a star configuration.
In the CPE, EEprom registers 10,11,12,13 the MSB is used to state the amount of 64kb
channels bonded for data. The LSB is used to state the number of 64kb channels
available for voice services. See the following table for some example scripts.
Point to Point
Point to Point
Star
256kb bandwidth, 2 data channels
and 2 voice channels:
256kb bandwidth, 3 data channels
and 1 voice channel:
512kb bandwidth, 2 voice
channels for each CPE:
wee e 84
000E: 84
wee e 84
000E: 84
wee e 08
000E: 08
wee f 02
000F: 02
wee f 03
000F: 03
wee f 00
000F: 00
wee 10 22
0010: 22
wee 10 31
0010: 31
wee 10 02
0010: 02
wee 11 00
0011: 00
wee 11 00
0011: 00
wee 11 02
0011: 02
wee 12 00
0012: 00
wee 12 00
0012: 00
wee 12 02
0012: 02
wee 13 00
0013: 00
wee 13 00
0013: 00
wee 13 02
0013: 02
reset
reset
reset
Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.03
21
Table 6: Example configuration scripts
Additional Configuration Notes:
 Total transmit channel count may only be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8
 Total CPE channels may not exceed 8
 The sum of CPE voice and data channels may not exceed 8 either individually or
collectively
 Currently, all timeslots must be the same return bandwidth
 There are distance issues regarding use timeslot zero (TS0)
22
Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.03
4 Field Installation Options
4.1 Mounting the Enclosure
The versatile mounting bracket assembly (PN: 900-7200) allows the Trailblazer
enclosure to be properly mounted on a pole up to 2.25” in diameter. The mounting
bracket assembly also converts to a wall mount for mounting the Trailblazer enclosure
on a flat surface. See below for details for the two different mounting applications.
Figure 6: Wall mounting the Trailblazer enclosure
Wall Mounting Instructions:
 Attach the mounting flanges to the enclosure using the ¼ -20 x 1” bolts,
¼” flat washers, ¼” lock washers, and ¼” hex nuts.
 Tighten the ¼” nuts to maximum of 25 in-lbs (2.1 ft-lbs). Do not over
tighten!
 Position the enclosure on the wall.
 It is recommended that you attach the enclosure to the wall using a lock
washer and fasteners of your choice as shown in figure 2.
 Tighten the fasteners of your choice. Do not over tighten!
Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.03
23
Figure 7: Pole mounting the Trailblazer enclosure
Pole Mounting Instructions:
 Attach the mounting flanges to the enclosure using the ¼ -20 x 1” bolts,
¼” flat washers, ¼” lock washers, and ¼” hex nuts.
 Tighten the ¼” nuts to maximum of 25 in-lbs (2.1 ft-lbs). Do not over
tighten!
 Position the enclosure on the pole.
 Place the U-bolts around the pole, and slide the pipe flanges over them
with the serrated sides facing the pole. See figure 1.
 Apply an anti-seizing compound to the threads of the U-bolts.
 Slide the mounting flanges (now attached to the enclosure) over the Ubolts and secure them using the 5/16” lock washers and 5/16” hex nuts.
 Tighten the 5/16”nuts. Do not over tighten!
4.2 External Antennas
The use of an external antenna with Model Trailblazer RC Pro system mandates
professionally trained personnel to ensure compliance with FCC rules and regulations.
Specifically the installer must ensure that the EIRP of the transmitting antenna does not
exceed the requirements of the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 47, Part 90 subpart
m.
24
Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.03
This device has been designed to operate with the antenna listed below, and having a
maximum gain of 16 dB. Antennas not included in this list or having a gain greater than
16 dB are strictly prohibited for use with this device. The required antenna impedance is
50 ohms.
WARNING! YOU CAN BE KILLED!
The Trailblazer system is designed to be installed by professionally trained installers
only! Failure to follow basic installation procedures and safety precautions can result in
one or all of: damage to tools and/or equipment, interference with and/or damage to
other equipment or accessories, violation of safety code, local laws and/or building
codes, personal injury or even death.
Detached antennas, whether installed indoors or out, should be installed ONLY by
experienced antenna installation professionals who are familiar with local building and
safety codes and, wherever applicable, are licensed by the appropriate government
regulatory authorities. Failure to do so may void the CWT product warranty and may
expose the end user to legal and financial liabilities."
"Regulations regarding maximum antenna gains vary from country to country. It is the
responsibility of the end user to operate within the limits of these regulations and to
ensure that the professional installer is aware of these regulations, as well. "
Installations of the Trailblazer System require topographic analysis, site survey, and link
budget calculation; therefore CWT trained professionals are required to perform the
installation.
4.2.1 Marketing and Sales Channels
CWT DOES NOT sell the Trailblazer PRO direct to end users. i WLL Trailblazer PRO
System will be sold only to CWT's Authorized Resellers. Those authorized resellers are
technically trained by CWT's Engineers periodically and must follow the rules set by
CWT. The Trailblazer PRO system is designed for Long Range (15-35 miles)
applications and it involves a complicated mandatory site survey, roof top mast
installation, high gain antennas, accurate antenna alignment, etc. Those activities can
be done ONLY by professional installers that are familiar with the FCC regulations.
CWT does not sell the Trailblazer PRO in the consumer business at all. We have no
resellers in this market and we do not advertise in consumers based publications or
attend consumer oriented trade shows. The system will be advertised in technical trade
shows and magazines.
4.2.2 Calculating the EIRP of an External Antenna
For the 5.8 – 5.9GHz bands of frequency, the output of the Trailblazer TB series radio is
calibrated at the factory to limit the peak power output to +7dBm.
Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.03
25
Using this example one can calculate the following:
Note that the radio is calibrated for a maximum output power of +7dBm.
Subtract the interconnecting cable and lightning protection losses of 2dB = total power
arriving to antenna of 15dBm. .
For 5.8 – 5.9GHz, the FCC allows a maximum EIRP of 23dBm. This would mean that
an antenna with a gain of 16dBi would be acceptable with no cable losses.
Following this guideline ensures compliance with the maximum transmitter ERP allowed
with the antenna provided as a system.
4.2.3 RF Safety Hazard Warning
Due to the substantial energy radiated from these antennas, it is imperative that they
never be mounted such that the antenna or the cabinet containing the antenna will be
closer than 2 Meters (6.7 Feet) to any persons.
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Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.03
4.3 16dBi 5.8 - 5.9 GHz Sector Base-Station Antenna
This section is designed to support the installation, operation and maintenance of the
16dBi directional sector antenna. Due to it’s small size, ease of mounting and low
maintenance it is most commonly used in conjunction with the Trailblazer system. To
avoid harm to persons or damage to the product please ensure that you have read
through the safety, unpacking and installation sections before proceeding.
4.3.1 Product Overview
The 16dBi directional sector antenna includes adjustable Heavy Duty brackets to
provide down or up tilt mounting to a mast up to 3 inch O.D. These outdoor antenna
systems are designed to provide maximum gain in the 5.8-5.9GHz band as well as
survive high wind environments.
Refer to the “Product Specification” Section for specifications and characteristics.
Key Features and Benefits:
 Patented printed circuit board design. Best performance-to-price
ratio.
 Attractive, low profile UV stable housing. Blends well with indoor
and outdoor environments where aesthetic considerations are
important.
 Corner exit RG-58/U pigtail design. Permits the panel to be
mounted in vertical or horizontal polarity.
 Adjustable mounting brackets for outdoor mounting. Provide
maximum flexibility for outdoor installations.
4.3.2 Unpacking
The 18dBi directional flat panel is smaller in size and therefore may be packaged
with other items. Thoroughly inspect the package and the antenna inside before
proceeding. Immediately report any damage to the shipper.
4.3.3 Mounting
Included with the antenna you will find the L brackets for both antenna and poll
mounting. These L brackets allow for up and down tilt adjustments. Poll brackets
allow for 1.5 – 3 in poll mounting. You will need two 12mm wrenches along with
cable ties to properly secure connections and feed cables.
Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.03
27
Antenna Airmax Sector 5G-120-16
Trailblazer Installation and User Manual version 1.03
28
This is a properly mounted sector antenna. Note
the ability of the mount the aim the antenna uptilt,
downtilt and to either side.
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4.4 Weatherproofing RF Connections
Once you have the antenna mounted and secured. Complete the installation by
properly attaching the weatherproof cables.
4.5 Antenna Alignment
Rough alignment: This is fairly straight forward. Since it is a prerequisite that
you have line of sight between the two points, here are several ideas that have
worked for installers:


If you can see the other unit, simply aim the units towards each other.
During midday, use a mirror or compact disk to create a reflection
approximately towards the other site while someone watches for the flash.
 Plot out the path on a topographical map and set the antennas using a
compass.
How close in alignment do they need to be? +/- 6 degrees will be adequate
for most paths using the 16 dB gain antenna. Certain paths that have a low fade
margin may require a more accurate setting.
Alignment indicators: Due to the nature of digital modulation and the
associated circuitry, there is no analog test point at which the signal strength may
be monitored. Rather, the bit error rate is indicated on the digital board. If there
are obstructions or interference in the link the middle, red LED will begin to blink.
The rate of flash is an indication of the degree of signal degradation, with a
higher flash rate indicating more errors.
Final alignment is performed by connecting a standard telephone directly to the
CPE terminal (FXS) and listening to the dial tone. As the antenna is moved to
the left the signal will degrade, the bit error LED will flash, and eventually the link
will be lost. Note where the antenna is aimed when the link is lost and rotate the
antenna to the other side until the signal is lost again. The midpoint between the
positions where the signal was lost indicates the best antenna position. Use the
GUI software and a laptop to determine the exact signal peak and then tighten
the antenna mounts.
4.6 Interference Solutions
Sometimes after installation, final alignment is found to interfere with external
devices, and/or external devices are later installed that affect the Carlson
Wireless Radio device. To determine if the Carlson Wireless radio is an
interferer, power down the radio unit and check if the interference is removed.
To determine if an external device is interfering with the Carlson Wireless radio,
shut down suspected devices while listening to an audible tone (such as dial
tone) on a phone connected through the Carlson Wireless system.
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Common Interferers are: microwave, wireless household controls, emergency
radio equipment, cordless telephones, wireless video products, etc.
(refer to Interference Section Error! Reference source not found. for more
information)
Before calling the manufacturer the installer is encouraged to try correcting the
problem by trying one or more of the following suggestions:





Slightly reorient or move the Carlson Wireless antenna to a new position
Change the frequency of Carlson Wireless radio or offending device
Relocate the offending/offended device
Separate power sources, or filter sources between the offenders
If not installer, consult dealer or experienced technician
4.7 Lightning Protection
CWT stocks in-line, gas-discharge style lightning surge suppressors as primary
lightning protection for their reliability, ease of installation and low cost to the
customer. In-line protectors mount in series with the coaxial cable or telephone
line which provides an excellent solution for a retrofit application. The protector is
grounded through an external ground screw that is attached to the body of the
surge protector. Be sure to take the other end of this ground circuit into
consideration as well.
4.7.1 Antenna Port Protection
Mount the CWT in-line, gas discharge lightning surge suppressor in parallel with
the coaxial cable between the radio and the antenna. Place the protector as near
the radio as possible in order to limit the amount of cable that will be exposed to
either direct or indirect strikes of lightning or atmospheric static charges. Connect
the largest wire (usually #8 or #10AWG solid) to the ground screw on the body of
the surge protector and terminate it to a proper ground (see above). If you have
any question about the quality of your ground system, stop and remedy the issue
before continuing.
RF Gas Discharge Lightning Surge Protector Specifications
CWT Part number
640-6600
Description
High Frequency co-axial surge protector (Gas tube)
Maximum power (50 Ohms)
70 W
Breakdown Voltage (100 V/s)
90-130 V
Residual Voltage (1 kV/µs)
< 600 V
Power Handling (8/20 µs waveform)
10 kA
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10 shocks
1 shock
20 kA
Return Loss and Attenuation
@ 0.5 GHz
@ 1 GHz
@ 4 GHz
< -25 dB
< - 25 dB
< -20 dB
Insertion Loss
@ 0.5 GHz
@ 1 GHz
@ 2.5 GHz
@ 4 GHz
< 0.05 dB
< 0.03 dB
< 0.067 dB
< 0.29 dB
Connector Type
“N”
Housing Material
Copper alloy with CuZnSn finish
Contact Sockets Material
Gold Plated Copper alloy
Insulation Material
Teflon per ASTM-D-170
Table 7: RF Lightning Protection
Figure 8: Surge Protection, RF
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Figure 9: Antenna Port Lightning Protector, VSWR and Insertion Loss
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4.7.2 Telephone Line Port/ Subscriber Premises Protection
Line 1 Tip
Line 1 Ring
Earth Ground
Line 2 Tip
Line 2 Ring
Figure 10: Primary Telephone Line Transient Protection
The telephone line surge protector is designed to be used as a primary station
protector at the subscriber end of the loop. It provides protection against lightning
surges, power cross conditions, and ground potential rises.
The protector element for each line consists of a heavy duty rated, (2) element
gas tube, an external backup gap assembly and a unique switch grade shorting
mechanism. The enclosure accommodates two protectors.
Two gas tubes are sealed in a fire resistant plastic body with plated #10 brass
studs, washers and hex nuts for connection to (2) subscriber pairs. A plated
brass ground connector is slotted to fit the ground connection points of station
protector housings and network interface devices. It has sectionalized grommet
in base for wire entry.
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Telephone Line Gas Discharge Lightning Surge Protector Specifications
CWT Part number
640-6500
Description
Sealed gas tube station protector
DC Breakdown@100V/s
300-500V
Impulse Breakdown
100V/µs
10kV/µs
100V/µs, vented
600V
850V
1200V
Insulation Resistance@100V/leakage current
10e10 Ω
Capacitance@1kHz
<15pF
DC Extinguishing (Network applied) @52V, 135V, 150V
<150ms
Impulse Life Characteristics
>400x500A 10/1000µs
10kA 8/20µs
AC Life characteristics
>65A, 11 cycles
Enclosure Material
Weather and UV resistant , high impact, flame retardant plastic.
Dimensions
5.7”H x 3.4”W x 2.2”D
Table 8: Subscriber side protection
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5 Test & Maintenance
5.1 Diagnostics
5.1.1 LED Function
The Trailblazer units’ are equipped with multifunction status indication LEDs on
the top and radio card. There are no LEDs on the interface card. You can read
the link and alignment status as well as packet loss information quickly, without
using a PC. Use the table below for translating the LED patterns.
CPE Unit
BASE Unit
Description
D4
D5
D6
D4
D5
D6
NO POWER
Off
Off
Off
Off
Off
Off
Power system failure or no power applied
POWER ON
Off
Off
Solid
Off
Off
Solid
Initial Power up, FPGA not loaded by CPU
CPE
ACQUIRING
Solid
Solid
Flashing
Off
Solid
Flashing
CPE – receiver on, looking for valid signal.
Base - FPGA loaded, radio transmitting
CPE
RANGING
Solid
Off
Flashing
Off
Solid
Flashing
CPE acquired and locked, CPE begins
transmitting locator beacon
BASE
RANGING
Solid
Off
Flashing
Solid
Off
Flashing
Base accepts CPE locator beacon and
begins ranging operation
ALIGNMENT
Off
Blinks
Solid
Off
Blinks
Solid
LOCKED
Off
Off
Flashing
Off
Off
Flashing
Units locked and aligned, ready for service
PACKET
ERRORS
Off
Blinks
Flashing
Off
Blinks
Flashing
D5 blinking indicates packet errors, weak
signal or interference
Final alignment, minimizing bit errors
Table 9: System Status LED Information Table
D4
(Red)
D5
(Red)
D6
(Green)
Reset
Button
Figure 11: Trailblazer Radio Card LEDs
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Setting your units next to each other on your bench with the test antennas
attached to the N female connectors on the enclosureThe LED will indicate from
top to bottom in the preceding table, from the No Power to the Final Alignment
and Errors state. The Trailblazer system should reach the CPU Operational
state within 20 seconds after power is applied. The Acquired state completes
when the CPE terminal has detected and locked to the radio signal from the base
unit. The Ranged state is complete when the CPE terminal has turned on the
radio transmitter and is aligned with the base unit. After ranging both units will do
an Alignment to minimize bit errors. During the Operation and Diagnostics stage,
any bit errors are occurring will be indicated by D5 blinking or flashing depending
on the severity of the errors. This condition may also be caused by interference
or misalignment of the antennas (or weak signal). If D4 and D5 are OFF and D6
is FLASHING, the unit is ready for service!
5.2 Maintenance
5.2.1 Installation of Software/Firmware Upgrades
Most maintenance and upgrading of the system can and should be performed
with the included GUI software. See Section 3 for operating instructions for the
GUI. If for some reason you are unable to use the GUI software, you may
alternately use the Terminal Interface. See the Appendix for advanced
programming and diagnostics details.
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6 Appendix
6.1 About Carlson Wireless
6.1.1 Mission
Carlson Wireless Technologies Inc. (CWT) is dedicated to designing,
manufacturing and marketing innovative, low power digital WLL (wireless local
loop) telephone systems that provide high-quality voice and data links for rural
and remote telephone users worldwide.
6.1.2 History
CWT (Carlson Wireless Technologies) Inc. was founded in 1999 by James
Carlson and is a privately held California “C” corporation headquartered in
Arcata, California. CWT purchased the assets of Adicom Wireless Inc. formerly
of Pleasanton, CA. Adicom Wireless had spent 4 years and over $40 million in
development of a CDMA multipoint system. The designs and patents are being
used this newer Trailblazer RC Point-to-Point and Point-to-Multipoint product
line.
6.1.3 Summary
CWT is marketing the Trailblazer product through established telecom and
wireless equipment distributors. Please contact our Sales Department +1.707.
822.7000, or email sales@carlsonwireless.com for more information.
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6.2 System Specifications
Air Interface
Data Throughput Rate
End-to-End System Latency
Fax Compatibility
Modem Performance
*Proprietary DSSS CDMA using a negotiated QOS with
Time Division Duplexing
512, 256, 128, 64 kbps, Configurable with GUI
Less than 4.4 ms Depending on Speed Selected
G3 (9.6kbps) and G4 (14.4kbps)
V.34 (33kbps) via POTS, up to V.90 (56kbps) via
RuralConnect™
RF Performance
5.9GHz Options Available
8 sub channels in 5.9 GHz
23dBm in 5.9 GHz
Frequency Range
RF Channels
-93 dBm/256 kbps @10-6 BER -90 dBm/512 kbps @106 BER
“N” Type Female
RF Output Power
Receive Sensitivity
External Antenna Port
Environmental Specifications
Operating Temp
Humidity
Voltage Requirements
-30 to +60 Degrees C (Ambient with Solar Shielding)
0 to 90% - Non-Condensing
Filtered DC nominal 12 to 24 V Negative Earth Ground
2 Watts Minimum, 8 Watts Maximum Configuration
Operating Current
CPE Terminal (FXS) Specifications
Regulatory
Open Loop Voltage
Loop Current
Maximum Loop Length
Ringing Voltage
Ringing Load
Ringing Waveform
Nominal Transmit Level
Nominal Receive Level
2 Wire Port Return Loss
Voltage Requirements
Operating Current: No Load, Full Load
Base Unit Specifications
Regulatory
Maximum Loop Length
Ring Equivalent Number
Ring Detect Threshold
2 Wire Port Return Loss
Operating Voltage
Operating Current: No Load, Full Load
Certifications
LSSGR, TR57, ITU Q.552, and G.712
36 to 48V
20 mA to 24 mA
1200 Ohms Including Instrument
60 VAC RMS
3 REN
Balanced Sinusoidal, 20 Hz Standard, Factory
Programmable 16 to 33Hz
0.0 dBm0, Factory Programmable
-2.0 dBm0, Factory Programmable
24 dB min.
Filtered DC Nominal 12 to 24V
1.4 Watts (i.e. 24v @ 60ma) Idle, 4 Watts (i.e. 24v @
200ma) max Including Radio
TIA/EIA/IS-968 (FCC), UL 1950, UL 60950, EN 60950,
IEC60950, EN55022B
1500 ohms or 18 ma.
0.3B per line
24-110Vrms, 17-34 Hz
24dB min.
Filtered DC Nominal 12 to 24V
Less then 2 Watts (i.e. 24v @ 200ma) with 8 Lines
Active Including Radio
US, Canada, Brazil, Mexico, Philippians’ Islands,
Morocco
1 Year Parts and Labor
Warranty
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6.2.1 Block Diagram
Figure 12: Block Diagram of Radio Card
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6.3 Cable Pin outs
Should you misplace or lose your serial programming cable, you can call your CWT
sales rep. and order a replacement or construct a new cable from a few simple parts
using the diagram below.
6.3.1 Configuration Port Pinout
Configuration Port Cable Construction Table
A DB9 pin Female to be fit in the PC is wired
with:
DCD on pin 1,
A 3 pin, .100” spacing connector, female,
connecting to the Trailblazer as shown:
(not used)
TX Data on pin 2,
TX Data on pin 1,
RX Data on pin 3,
RX Data on pin 3,
DTR on pin 4,
(not used)
SG on pin 5,
(signal ground)
DSR on pin 6,
(not used)
RTS on pin 7,
(not used)
CTS on pin 8,
(not used)
RI on pin 9,
(not used)
SG on pin 2,
(signal ground)
Table 10: Configuration Port Cable Construction Table
GROUND
RECEIVE
TRANSMIT
Figure 13: Serial Data Cable Pinout (PCB View)
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Standard “AT” Pinout for a DB9 Connector
Figure 14: Serial Data Cable Schematic
Serial Data Cable Pinout
Pin Signal
Description
Direction
Data Carrier Detect
To PC
DCD
RD
Receive Data
To PC
TD
Transmit Data
From PC
DTR
Data Terminal Ready
From PC
GND
Signal Ground
Common
DSR
Data Set Ready
To PC
RTS
Request to Send
From PC
CTS
Clear to Send
To PC
RI
Ring Indicator
To PC
Table 11: Serial Data Cable Pinout
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6.4 Advanced Programming and Diagnostics
6.4.1 Configuring the Serial Port Parameters
In order to communicate with the Trailblazer units
using the Command Line Interface, the serial port
parameters need to be configured. The serial port
parameters are illustrated in the following figure.
These settings were configured within the program
by Hilgraeve (see left and below). This program is
readily available and runs on any Windows
platform, but any terminal emulation program can
be used that can communicate across the
asynchronous serial COM ports of a PC.
The ASCII setup screen in
HyperTerminal™ needs to be configured
well in order to properly communicate with
Trailblazer units. In addition to the basic
ASCII setup (shown right) which you will
most to configure the system, you must
a 50ms line delay in order to be able to
scripts to the Trailblazer units. Scripts are
you will need to use in order to configure
amount of and allocation of bandwidth
within the Trailblazer system. See Section
Allocating Bandwidth to Voice and/or Data
complete details.
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the
use
insert
send
what
the
3.4
for
43
6.4.2 Setting the V35 enable and port location
To enable the V35 data port,
open up the Hyperterminal™
interface and if you are
communicating with a CPE unit
after booting type: [stop]. If you
connected to a base unit it will
stop on it’s own after a minute.
are
Then type in:
[wee 5 1] or [wee 5 2]
depending on which line no you
wish to be used as a data path
the Ethernet connection. The
system should respond back
with: 0005: 02 as shown above.
for
To disable theV35 data port, open up the HyperTerminal™ interface and type in:
[wee 5 FF] . The system should respond back with: 0005: FF .
6.4.3 Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)
The RSSI value can be accessed
through the Command Line
Interface using the following
command:
rdm ff28 4 .
The figure at right shows the
output for the RSSI from the CPE
unit. The RSSI value is repeated
times, but just look at a single
number. The figure to the right
shows an RSSI of 0C. The RSSI
should be 8 or higher. If the
value displayed contains an alphabetic character (A, B, C, D, E or F), the value is greater
than 9. The undesirable RSSI values are from 00 to 07.
The RSSI command can be used on the base unit. The above figure displays the results
of the command. 3 of the 4 values will always read 00, just ignore these values. 1 of the
4 numbers should be greater than 7. If the value displayed contains an alphabetic
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character (A, B, C, D, E or F), the value is greater than 9. In the above example the
RSSI value is sufficient.
6.4.4 Air Link Quality
The quality of the Air Link can be
interrogated through the
Command Line Interface using
following command: debug 1
. This command causes
Air Link statistics to be printed
every 4 seconds. The statistics
be stopped by typing, debug 0
. The processing of the
debug command is illustrated in
following figure.
the
the
can
the
With a completely clean link, the
SFD Loss Count and Signal Byte
Error Count should be both zero. A SFD Loss Count greater than (6) could indicate a
low signal strength or external interference.
6.4.5 Installation of Software/Firmware Upgrades
In addition to maintenance using
GUI software, as a failsafe the
software/firmware for the
Trailblazer systems can be
upgraded in the field through the
serial port using a terminal
emulation program and the
Command Line Interface.
the
1. Reset the board using the
RESET button near the
rotary channel switch.
2. Stop the program through
the Command Line
Interface. The figure above illustrates this step. When the Boot program starts,
the software version information is displayed. When the prompt “Boot Loader
Ready” appears, type: [stop] and press: . The Boot program confirms the
stop command by displaying the text “Boot Loader Stopped”. If the text “Boot
Loader Stopped” is not displayed immediately, RESET the unit and try again.
Although timing is not extremely critical, try to type the command in the first
couple of seconds.
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3. Download the new
software/firmware
program. The following
two figures illustrate this
step. The menu option
“Send Text File …” is
selected. Next, the dialog
box will appear which
allows the selection of the
file to download to the
Trailblazer unit. After the
file is selected, click the
“Open” button. The
download will proceed
automatically from this point.
4. Download has completed. The
end of the download is
illustrated below. The version
information at the end of the
download will indicate the
successful completion of the
download. Re-display the
version information again by
typing .
5. Reset the board either
manually using the reset
button or by typing .
The Trailblazer unit will need
to be reset before the new
software/firmware upgrade
will take effect.
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6.5 Antenna Patterns and Specifications
6.5.1 16dBi Directional Panel Plots and Specs
16dBi Directional Panel Specifications
Pole Size
1.5” (38)
Weight
2.4 (1.1)
Dimension (W x L)
14.45 x 2.5 x 16 (367x63x41)
Wind Load
120
MPH
Frequency Range
5100-5900
MHz
Hpol Beamwidth (6dB)
137 deg.
deg
Vpol Beamwidth (6dB)
119 deg
deg
VSWR
1.5:1
Elevation Beamwidth
8 deg.
deg
Electrical Downtilt
4 deg
deg
Polarization
Dual Linear
Cross – Pol Isolation
22. dB min
Gain
15.0 – 16.0
ETSI Specification
EN 302 326 DN2
to
3” (76)
In (mm)
Lbs. (kg)
In (mm)
dBi
Table 12: 16dBi Directional Panel Specifications
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6.6 Warranty
Limited Warranty, USA
Carlson Wireless Technologies Inc. (CWT) or Carlson Wireless USA, collectively referred to as "Carlson“),
will repair this product with new or rebuilt parts, free of charge, in the USA or Puerto Rico for one (1) year
from the date of original purchase in the event of a defect in material or workmanship. Mail-in service in
the USA can be obtained during the warranty period from a Carlson Factory Service center by calling
+1.707.822.7000 or online by visiting http://carlsonwireless.com/service/rma_request.php for an RMA
(Return Materials Authorization) number. After receiving your RMA confirmation via telephone or email,
ship your product adequately packed, postage paid and insured to the address provided. This warranty
extends to the original purchaser only. A purchase receipt or other proof of the date of original purchase
will be required before warranty services are rendered. This warranty only covers failures due to defects in
materials or workmanship which occur during normal use. It does not cover damages incurred in shipment
or failures caused by products not supplied by Carlson. It also does not cover failures which result from
accident, misuse, abuse, neglect, mishandling, misapplication, alteration, modification, lightning, power
line surge, introduction of sand, dust, humidity and/or liquids, or service by anyone other than a Carlson
Factory Service Center or authorized Carlson Service Center, or damage that is attributable to acts of
God.
Limits and Exclusions
There are no express warranties except as listed above.
CARLSON SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RESULTING
FROM THE USE OF THIS PRODUCT OR ARISING OUT OF ANY BREACH OF THIS WARRANTY. ALL
EXPRESS AND IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, ARE LIMITED TO THE APPLICABLE WARRANTY
PERIOD SET FORTH ABOVE.
Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of incidental or consequential damages or limitations
on how long an implied warranty lasts, so the above exclusions or limitations may not apply to you. This
warranty gives you specific legal rights and you may also have other rights which vary from state to state.
If a problem with this product develops during or after the warranty period you may contact your dealer or
Service center.
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6.7 Acronyms/Abbreviations
ANSI ................. American National Standards Institute
async ............... asynchronous
CCITT................ Comité Consultatif International Téléphonique et Télégraphique
CD ..................... carrier detect
CPE.................... customer premise equipment
CS ...................... clear to send
CSU ................... channel service unit
CTS ................... clear to send
CO ……………... central office
dB....................... decibel
DCE ................... data communications equipment
DDS................... digital data service
DSR................... data set ready
DSU................... data service unit
DTE ................... data terminal equipment
DTR................... data terminal ready
EA ...................... extended address
FR....................... frame relay
FSU.................... frame relay service unit
GUI.................... graphical user interface
HDLC................ high-speed data link control
IP........................ internet protocol
ISDN................. integrated services digital network
ITU..................... International Telecommunications Union
kbps................... kilobits per second
LAN................... local area network
LED.................... light emitting diode
MIB ................... management information base
ms ...................... millisecond
PPP .................... point-to-point protocol
RD ..................... receive data
RDL................... remote digital loop-back
RFC.................... request for comments
RIP..................... routing information protocol
RMA.................. return material authorization
RR...................... receiver ready
RTS.................... request to send
Rx....................... receive
SDLC................. synchronous data link control
SNA................... systems network architecture
SNMP ............... simple network management protocol
SW56 ................. switched 56
sync.................... synchronous
TD...................... transmit data
TR ...................... data terminal ready
Tx ....................... transmit
UNI.................... user-to-network interface
WAN.................. wide area network
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6.8 Glossary
ANSI
Acronym for American National Standards Institute. Devises and proposes recommendations for international
communications standards.
asynchronous
A method of data transmission which allows characters, that are preceded by a start bit and are followed by a stop
bit, to be sent at irregular intervals.
bandwidth
A range within a band of frequencies or an amount of data that can be transmitted in a preset amount of time. The
bandwidth determines the rate at which information can be sent.
bridge
A connectivity advice that operates at the OSI Data Link Layer and filters and forwards packets by physical
addresses. See also router.
CD
Acronym for Carrier Detect. It is a signal generated by a modem or DSU/CSU and indicates the
presence of a carrier signal on a communications link.
CSU
Acronym for Channel Service Unit. A device used to connect a digital phone line from the phone company to a
multiplexer, channel bank, or directly to another device producing a digital signal. A CSU performs lineconditioning and equalization functions, responds to loop-back commands sent from the central office, regenerates
digital signals and monitors them for problems, and provides a way of testing a digital circuit.
CLASS features
Acronym for Custom Local Area Signaling Services. Consists of number-translation services, such as callforwarding and caller identification.
clock
Is an oscillator-generated signal that provides a timing reference and generates periodic signals for the timing of
certain functions in a transmission link.
CPE
Acronym for Customer Premise Equipment. It includes all telecommunications terminal equipment located on the
customer premises, including telephone sets, PBXs, data terminals, and customer-owned coin-operated
telephones.
CTS
Acronym for Clear To Send. A signal on the DTE interface indicating that the DCE is clear to send data.
dB
Is an abbreviation for decibel, a logarithmic unit used to measure sound level or signal strength.
DCE
Acronym for Data Communications Equipment. A device that provides all the functions required for connection to
telephone company lines and for converting signals between telephone lines and DTE. Also see DTE.
DSR
Acronym for Data Set Ready. It is a signal on the EIA-232 interface that indicates a connection and readiness to
start handshaking control signals for communication to begin.
DSU
Acronym for Data Service Unit. A hardware component needed to transmit digital data over a hardware channel. It
converts signals from bridges, routers, and multiplexers into the bipolar digital signals used on the telephone
company digital lines and ensures that voltage levels are correct.
DSU loop back
Is a Telco initiated test which loops the DSU back to the Telco and is used to test the DDS circuit as well as the
DSU/CSU.
DTE
Acronym for Data Terminal Equipment. It is the end-user terminal or computer that plugs into the termination point
(DCE) of a communications circuit.
gateway
Is a device which enables information to be exchanged between two dissimilar systems or networks.
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HDLC
Acronym for High Level Data Link Control. It is a generic link-level communications protocol developed
by ISO, that manages synchronous code-transparent serial information transfer over a link connection.
See also SDLC.
host computer
The primary or controlling computer in a multiple computer operation.
in-band signaling
is signaling over the same channel used for data.
IP
Acronym for Internet Protocol. It provides for transmitting blocks of data between hosts identified by
fixed-length addresses.
ISDN
Acronym for Integrated Services Digital Network. It is a network architecture that enables end-to-end
digital connections. It supports diverse services through integrated access arrangements and defines a
limited set of standard, multipurpose interfaces for equipment vendors, network providers, and
customers.
LAN
Acronym for Local Area Network. A privately owned network that offers high-speed communications
channels connecting information processing equipment in a limited geographic area.
MIB
Acronym for Management Information Base. It is a database of network management information
used by SNMP.
multi-point
Is a configuration or topology designed to transmit data between a central site and a number of remote
terminals on the same circuit. Individual terminals are not able to send data to each other.
out-of-band signaling
Is signaling that is separated from the channel carrying information (voice, data, video, etc.) by a filter.
packet
Is a bundle of data that contains both control information and the data itself. The control information is
used for routing the packet through a network to its final destination.
packet-switching network
Is a telecommunications network based on packet-switching technology, wherein a transmission channel
is occupied only for the duration of the transmission of the packet.
parameter
Is a numerical code that controls an aspect of terminal and/or network operation. Parameters control
page size, data transmission speed, and timing options.
ping
Is an internet protocol standard that provides loop-back on demand for any device in an IP network. One
device "pings" another by sending a loop-back request to the device's IP address.
point-to-point
Is a type of communications link that connects a single device to another single device, such as a Base
unit to a CPE unit.
remote configuration
A feature that allows the CPE unit to be configured from the Base unit or VT-100 compatible terminal.
router
Is a device that supports LAN-to-LAN communications. IT reads logical addressing information and
directs data across a network to its destination. See also bridge.
SNMP
Acronym for Simple Network Management Protocol. It is a control and reporting scheme widely
used to manage devices from different vendors and operates on top of the Internet protocol.
switched network
Is a network of dial-up telephone lines that uses circuit switching to provide communications services to
network users.
synchronous
A method of data transmission in which timing information is sent along with the transmitted data.
Synchronous communication is achieved when timing shares a single clock.
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SDLC
Acronym for synchronous data link control. A link-level communications protocol that manages
synchronous, code-transparent, serial information transfer over a link connection.
TELNET
The standard TCP/IP remote login protocol
VT-100
A non-intelligent terminal or terminal emulation mode used for asynchronous communications.
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