Cradlepoint CTR350 Cellular Travel Router User Manual CTR User s Manual

Cradlepoint, Inc. Cellular Travel Router CTR User s Manual

Users Manual

CTR Cellular Travel Router User’s Manual
1 Contents Getting Acquainted 2 Compliance Notes 3 Introduction 4 CTR at a Glance 5 Using the Controls 6 Getting on the Internet Configuring Your Wi reless Network 7 Welcome to the Help and Setup Pages 8 Navigating the Help and Setup Pages 12 The Wizards 16 Factory Default Reset Tips and Troubleshooting 17 The Error Pages “Data Service Not Available” “Phone Not Available” “Unable to Connect to WAN” 18 “Handset Error” “DNS Poisoning” “Maximum Number of Users Connected” 19 Security Notes 20 Care and Maintenance 21 Indicators (LEDs) 22 Glossary and Setup Details
2 Compliance Notes FCC No tice: This device complies with part 15 of the FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. Caution: The user is cautioned that changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the warranty and users’ authority to operate the equipment. Note: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures: • Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. • Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver. • Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected. • Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help. IMPORTANT NOTE: FCC Radiation Exposure Statement: This equipment complies with FCC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment. This equipment should be installed and operated with minimum distance 20cm between the radiator & your body. Caution: To comply with the FCC RF exposure compliance requirements, this device must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter. Industry Canada Notic e: Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference, including interference that may cause undesired operation of the device. The term “IC:” before the radio certification number only signifies that Industry Canada technical specifications were met. This product meets the applicable Industry Canada technical specifications of the RSS210. This class B device complies with Canadian ICES-003. Cet appareil numérique de la classe B est confome à la norme NMB-003 du Canada. FCC COMPLIANCE STATEMENT Property of CradlePoint, Inc For Internal Use Only. Unauthorized reproduction and/or distribution is strictly prohibited. This product is protected under copyright law and trade secret law as an unpublished work. Copyright (C) 2007 CradlePoint, Inc All rights reserved.
3 Introduction WELCOME The CradlePoint CTR (Cellular Travel Router) is a high-performance Bro adband Cellular Ga te way designed to provide fast a nd convenient Internet access while connected to a Cellular modem o r handset. The CTR provides a straightforward and portable Interne t connection leveragi ng advances from C radlePoint Technologies, Inc. The CTR includes the following features:  Establishes shared network connection via standard WAN PPP when connecting DSL, Cable Modem, or other uplink to Ethernet port  Establishes shared network connection via Cellular when connecting Cellular Phone or Cellular Modem to USB port  Designed to work with all 3G cellular service provider networks  Supports up to 128-bit WEP and WPA encryption for data-security  Supports Virtual Private Network (VPN) pass-through  Supports 1 Wired LAN connection  Rugged but compact design is perfect for fixed or mobile applications  Software algorithms boost efficiency, performance, and improve perceived network speed  Auto-Upgrade Notification helps keep user updated with latest system CTR software revision  GUI-based device management from any standard web Browser PACKA GE CONTENTS  CradlePoint CTR Cellular Travel Router  Power Adapter (5V/2.5A)  CD-ROM with Manual  Quick Installation Guide  Carrying Case Note: Using a po wer supp ly wi th a different voltage t han t he one i ncluded w ith your product will ca use damag e and void the warranty for thi s product. If any of the above items are missing, please contact your reseller. OVERVIEW OF FEATURES  Instantly creates a personal WiFi Hotspot anywhere within the Cellular Service Providers' network.  No software to install: Follows simplicity of 802. 11 wireless standards  Supports multiple simultaneous wireless LAN clients  Includes advanced wireless router features: o NAT/NAPT Firewall o DHCP Server o Security - MAC Address Filtering or WPA or WEP Encryption o Web-based Configuration and User Interface  Automatic firmware upgrades  Bridges from Cellular phone/modem connection to wired Ethernet for a no-software secure Internet connection  Recharges the handset battery and CTR internal battery when connected to an external power source.  Windows, Macintosh and Linux support.
4 A B B C D D E F G H I A. LED 0 - USB Status B. LED 1 - LAN Status C. LED 2 - WLAN Status D. LED 3 - Power Status E. Ventilation Slots F. CAT 5 (Ethernet) Port G. Power Connector H. Factory Reset Button I. USB Port CTR at a Glance Input / Output Bottom Rear Front Top
5 Using the Controls A LED 0 – USB Status Green Connection to USB port is established. OFF USB port not in use. B LED 1 – WAN Status Green Wide Area Network is ready via the Ethernet port. OFF Ethernet port not in use or the connection is not secure. Port not in use. C LED 2 – WLAN Status OFF No handset connected, unit is negotiating the connection, or no WLAN available. D LED 3 – Power Status Green CTR is connected to external power / on. OFF CTR is OFF. E Ventilation Slots These allow excess heat to be removed from the CTR while operating. It is recommended that the unit not be covered with any material that will block the dispersion of heat away from the unit. The unit should not reach extreme temperatures. F Ethernet Port The Ethernet port allows you to connect to the unit via CAT5 cable on a LAN. G ON / OFF Status & External Power Connection OFF The unit is completely OFF when the unit is not connected to external power and the ON / OFF switch is in the OFF position. The unit will charge its own battery and the phone battery if switched OFF and connected to external power. Note: The option to charge the phone’s battery must be selected in the CTR setup pages. The unit will ONLY charge the phone battery when switched OFF and NOT connected to external power. Note: The option to charge the phone’s battery must be selected in the CTR setup pages. * No access to the router or the wireless network can be established while the unit is OFF. ON If the unit is ON and not connected to a phone or handset, it’s Setup / Help Pages are still accessible by associating with its SSID (Network Name) and entering 192.168.0.1 into the URL bar of a web browser. Note: Login will be required to access the CTR Setup / Help Pages If the unit is ON and connected to a fully operable data-enabled cell phone or USB modem a wireless network will be automatically established. The laptop will automatically associated with the network. In some cases the user will need to selected the wireless network from their laptop’s wireless network list. (Details vary by Operating System.) The unit will operate off external power exclusively while connected to an external power source. If there is sufficient excess power available the unit will also charge the phone. The power connector is a standard jack size and when connected to the proper cable and an external power source will power the CTR according to the specifications listed in the ON / OFF switch section of the Controls list. H Factory Default Reset Button To return all the User Defined configurations (such as those specified in the Setup / Help Pages) to their original factory default settings simply turn the unit OFF, press and hold the Factory Default Reset button, and turn the unit ON. After the LEDs have flashed ON then OFF then ON again, release the button. All setting should be reset. I USB-to-Modem Port This is a standard USB port that is used to connect either to a USB modem or to a data-enabled cellular phone. Cables for USB to Data connection vary by phone manufacturer and are not provided with the CTR. Contact your service provider for further information. CAUTION: Using a power supply with a different voltage than the one included with your product will cause damage to the unit and void the warranty.
6 Getting Connected The CTR supports two methods of connecting to the Internet: 1) a standard wired-WAN connection such as a DSL, Cable, or Hotel Ethernet, or hosted LAN connection; or 2) a Cellular modem connection using either a data-enabled handset or USB Modem. In the Wired-WAN case, connect the LAN cable into the Ethernet port of the CTR and it will establishes a connection to the Internet. In the Cellular case, plug your USB modem or handset into the USB host port and the CTR will establish a connection to the Internet. The CTR unit will begin broadcasting signals to create a local Wireless LAN network. If using a cellular phone, be sure you have configured the phone’s settings to act as a modem and have established a 'data plan' with your carrier/operator. Note that even though you may have a "Data Plan" for Internet access on the phone, there may be a separate option to enable 'tethered data'. If you do not have this option activated, you must contact your cellular carrier to activate this service. From your PC, use the wireless network finder to associate with your new wireless network. The first time you use the CTR your network will be named: CTR-xxx Where ‘xxx’ is the last three digits of the CTR’s 12 character MAC address (the MAC address is individualized and unique to each unit). This MAC Address is printed on the bottom label of the CTR. Once your computer has associated with your wireless network, open a standard Internet Browser application on your PC and you will be prompted to enter a password. The default password is the last six (6) characters of the MAC address (again, printed on the bottom of the unit). Once logged in, you will be presented with a 'successful logon' screen, indicating you can begin access the Internet with any of your PC applications. If you want the CTR to automatically recognize your PC, click the 'Remember Me' option, and your PC will be automatically logged in upon WLAN association. It is recommended that you change your password after your first login, which is easily accomplished using the CTR Setup Wizard. So how does it all work? The CradlePoint CTR is a 802.11b/g WiFi router that is also able to use a cellular phone–as-modem. Regardless of the type of Internet Access you have – Wired-WAN, Wired LAN, or Cellular, the CradlePoint CTR bridges from that Internet access to a local WiFi network. The result is your own personal, portable wireless network or “hotspot”. Set it up anywhere within your service provider’s coverage area whenever you want access to the Internet.
7 Configuring Your Wireless Network Welcome to the Help and Setup Pages! To access the Help Pages / CTR Setup Pages: Be sure that the CTR and Phone/Modem are ON. Select the CTR-xxx wireless network from your computer’s list of Wireless Networks. Once your computer has associated with the CTR, open your Web Browser and enter http://192.168.0.1 into the URL Address bar. This allows you to access the CTR’s embedded server pages. You will be asked to enter your Password. The default password is set to the last 6 digits of the CTR MAC Address found on the bottom label of your CTR. This is the home screen of the CTR Help and Setup Pages. From here you can configure your network. It is recommended that you run the Setup Wizard when you first use the CTR. This will allow you to personalize your network name (SSID) and passwords, and you can change the security settings to meet your needs.
8 Navigating the Help and Setup Pages Select the Main Topic tab you wish to use. Use the side navigation menu to access subtopics. Be sure to save your settings before leaving each page. You can abandon all your changes at anytime by selecting “Don’t Save Settings.” What you’ll find in these pages BASIC Topics Wizard These wizards are designed to assist you in configuring your wireless network once you have completed the steps found in the Getting On The Internet section of this manual. Use the wizards to name your network, set your new password, and set the security levels for your new CTR. Internet Connection Setup Wizard Internet Security Setup Wizard WAN This page is used to set your Internet connection type. For most users, the default settings are appropriate for everyday usage. Specify DNS Servers Advanced DNS settings MTU Settings Link Drop Delay WAN Port Speed Ping Response Settings MAC Cloning Settings LAN Use this page to configure the internal network settings of your CTR router. The IP Address that is configured here is the IP Address that you use to access the Web-based management interface. If you change the IP Address here, you may need to adjust your PC’s network settings to access the network again. The default settings are appropriate for most everyday users. Set IP Address Set Subnet Mask RIP Settings Set Router Metric Default Router set Enable/Disable IGMP Enable/Disable DNS Relay DHCP This page is used to configure the built in DHCP Server to assign IP Addresses to the computers on your network. Enable/Disable DHCP Server Specify DHCP IP Address Range Specify Lease Time Enable DHCP Broadcast View DHCP Clients Add DHCP Reservation View Reservations List Wireless This page is used to configure your basic wireless settings for your CTR. From here you can set the visibility of your network to others, your wireless Enable/Disable Wireless Radio Set SSID Set Network Visibility Auto/Manual Channel Select
9 network name, and security type. Some of these features may have already been set by you if you used the Setup wizards on the main screen of the Help and Setup Pages. Set Transmission Rate Set 802.11 Mode Set “Super G “Mode ADVANCED Topics Virtual Server The Virtual Server option allows you to define a single public port on your router for redirection to an internal LAN IP Address and Private LAN port if required. This feature is useful for hosting online services such as FTP or Web Servers. Add Virtual Server View Virtual Servers List Special Applications The Special Applications option is used to open single or multiple ports on your router when the router senses data sent to the Internet on a “trigger” port or port range. Special Applications rules apply to all computers on your internal network. Application Level Gateway (ALG) Configuration Add Special Applications Rule View Spec Applications Rules List Routing The Routing option allows you to apply fixed routes to defined destinations. Add Route View Added Routes List View Existing Routes List Access Control The Access Control option allows you to control access in and out if your network. Use this feature as Access Controls to only grant access to approved sites, limit web access based on time or dates, and/or block network access for certain applications. This page includes a wizard to assist you in adding new policies. Enable/Disable Access Control Policy Wizard View Existing Policies Web Filter The Web Filter option allows you to set up a list of allowed Websites that can be used by multiple users. When the Web Filter is enabled, all other Websites not listed on this page will be blocked. To use this feature, you must also select the “Apply Web Filter” checkbox in the Access Control Section. Add Website(s) View allowed Websites MAC Address Filter The MAC Address (Media Access Controller) filter option is used to control network access based on the MAC Address of the network adapter. This feature can be used to ALLOW or DENY specific machines on your network. Enable MAC Address Filter Filter Setting (Allow/Deny clients) Add MAC Address View Filters Firewall The DMZ (Demilitarized Zone) option provides you with an option to set a single computer on your network outside of the CTR router. If you have a computer that cannot run Internet applications successfully from behind the router, then you can place the computer into the DMZ for unrestricted internet access. This option is recommended to be a last resort, as it tends to leave the DMZ computer at a security risk. Enable DMZ Set the DMZ IP Address Inbound Filter The Inbound Filter option is an advanced method of controlling data received from the Internet. With this feature you can configure inbound data filtering rules that control data based on an IP address range. You can use this to limit access to a server on your network to a system(s). Add Inbound Filter Rule View Added Inbound Filter Rules Advanced Wireless These are more advanced settings for your wireless network. If you are unfamiliar with the settings it is recommended that you read the help section on this subtopic before changing any of the presets. Fragmentation Threshold RTS Threshold Beacon Period DTIM Interval Enable 802.11d Transmit Power WDS Enable (Add WDS AP MAC Address) Schedules The Schedules Rules feature is used to manage parental controls and firewall rules according to a schedule you define. Add Schedule Rule View Added Schedule Rules
10 TOOLS Topics Admin The admin option is used to set a password for access to the Web-based management. By default there is not an Admin password (the default password you are familiar with by now is the User password). Set Admin Password Set User Password Administration and Remote Settings Enable / Disable UPnP Save and Restore Configuration Time The Time configuration option allows you to configure, update, and maintain the correct time. From this section you can set the time zone that you are in and set the NTP (Network Time Protocol) Server. Daylight Savings can also be configured to automatically adjust the time when needed. Time zone and Daylight savings settings Enable / Disable and set NTP Server Set the date and time manually Allows for you to copy your computer’s current time settings. Syslog This option allows you to log information about your network. You can send this information to a Syslog Server. Enable / Disable Syslog Server Set Syslog Server IP Address Email The Email option can be used to send your Syslog information to your e-mail account. You can also select at what intervals you would like to receive this information about your network. Enable / Disable E-mail Notification Set Email Settings Set Email Notification Schedule System The System page allows you to reboot your CTR router to the factory default settings without using the hardware Reset button found just inside and under the battery cover of the unit. Remember, restoring the Default Factory Settings will erase all of your configured changes. Reboot the Device Restore all Settings to the Factory Defaults Firmware The Firmware page allows you to check for and install the latest version of your CTR software. Upgrades improve the functionality and performance of the CTR. You can set the CTR to notify you by E-Mail when a newer version of the software is available. Firmware information and latest version check Download Firmware Upgrade section Set Firmware Upgrade notification options Dynamic DNS The DDNS feature allows you to host a server (Web, FTP, etc) using a domain name that you have purchased (www.yourchoiceofname.com) with your dynamically assigned IP Address. Most Broadband Internet Service Providers assign dynamic (changing) IP Addresses. Using a DDNS service provider, your friends can enter your host name to connect to your server no matter what your IP address is. Enable / Disable DNS Dynamic DNS Settings
11 STATUS Topics Device Info All of your Internet and network connection details are displayed on this page. The firmware version is also displayed here. View Time and Firmware Version View WAN Settings View LAN Settings View Wireless LAN Settings View LAN Computers Wireless Use this option to view the wireless clients that are connected to your network. View Number of Wireless Clients View Trusted Clients Routing This page displays the routing details configured for your CTR. View Routing Settings Logs This page allows you to view the Syslog information about your CTR. You can define what types of events you want to view and the event levels to view. Set Syslog Options View / Edit Syslog Details Statistics View all your network’s Traffic Statistics from this page. Traffic Statistics display Receive and Transmit packets passing though your CTR router. LAN Statistics WAN Statistics Wireless Statistics Active Sessions This page displays the full details of the actives sessions to your CTR router. View Active Sessions HELP Topics Subtopics Each of the sections on the Help Topics page contain a hyperlink for quick and easy location of the subtopics you would like to view and/or edit. Simply click the topic page in the side navigation bar or click the subtopics in each section of the page you would like to jump to. Hyperlinks to each main and subtopic of the Help and Setup Pages. GLOSSARY Pages The glossary provides you with definitions to aide your understanding of the CTR functionality. Hyperlinks by letter to jump to lexigraphically ordered sections of the page.
12 The Wizards To begin, select on the main screen of the Help Pages. Select to go to the next step. You can select at anytime to return to the main Help page. When setting your password, it is more secure to use a combination of letters and numbers while using something that is easy for you to remember. You can select at anytime to return to the previous step. Select the arrow on the pull down menu to show all available time zones and chose the zone which applies to your area.
13 If you are using your cell phone or USB cellular modem. If you are using Cable/DSL or other Ethernet LAN connection over Ethernet to connect to the Internet. Use the pull down menu to select your cellular plan. Select if your network requires a password. This information can be obtained by contacting your ISP (Internet Service Provider). If you are using your cellular phone, your ISP is your cellular operator such as Verizon, Sprint, T-Mobile, etc.
14 Select when you are finished. Abandon all changes and return to the main Help Page. Go Back. Reboot the CTR to save and use your changes now. Continue without saving changes until next reboot. Allow a few moments for the CTR to complete its reboot cycle. You will be asked to enter your new password to login.
15 Your Basic Internet settings have now been configured! After your changes have been saved, log into the CTR using your new password. Select on the main screen of the Help and Setup page. Select to go to the next step. Select to go back to the main screen of the Help and Setup Pages at anytime. This section will rename your wireless network. It is the name others will see as well the name shown in your list of available wireless networks on your computer. Go Back. Security is an important aspect of your online lifestyle. It is recommended that you select “BETTER” or “BEST” to ensure minimal attack from malicious Internet users.
16 After you reboot your CTR be sure to look for it by the new SSID. (Network Name) Select Reboot the Device to save your changes. Allow a few moments for your CTR to reboot and your computer to re-associate with the network. When you login you will be asked to enter you password according to your new security settings. If at anytime you cannot remember your password you can reset the CTR to it’s factory default settings. Factory Default Reset The Factory Default reset will clear all your saved settings on the CTR. The user name and password will revert back to the original “CTR-xxx” SSID and use the last 6 digits of the MAC Address for the password. To use the factory default reset, simply: 1. Un-plug the CTR from external power. 2. Locate the Factory Reset button at the rear of the unit. 3. Press and hold the Reset button while you plug the CTR back into external power. 4. Release the button after you see the LEDs flash ON, OFF, then ON again.
17 All your settings will return to the factory presets as the CTR reboots. Tips and Troubleshooting The Error Pages DATA SERVICE UNAVAILABLE The KRT is designed to recognize if your cellular phone is not enabled with a tethered data plan required to operate as a modem. If you see this page, first verify that your phone or modem is correctly connected to the KRT. You may need to contact your cellular service company for details about your data plan. PHONE NOT AVAILABLE This page may occur for several reasons: Your cellular phone or USB modem may not be securely connected to the KRT. Your phone is not on or in “modem” mode. UNABLE TO CONNECT TO WAN If this page appears , confirm that your phone or USB modem is turned on, properly connected, has sufficient battery, and adequate coverage and signal strength. If you still are not able to get a connection, check the following: Confirm that the cable connecting your phone or modem to the CTR is good – try an alternative in case there is a poor connection. The data port on your phone is bad. The battery power on the KRT is low and needs to be connected to external power. Your cellular phone may be malfunctioning and/or your service provider is having technical problems. You should double-check your connections, and verify the proper operation of your handset or modem. In the case of a USB modem, refer to your modem manual to confirm that you have proper coverage and signal strength by observing its indicator lights.
18 HANDSET ERROR If your phone has a bad signal, no service plan, a bad connection port, a low battery, is OFF, or malfunctioning in some way, you may get this page. Try turning your phone OFF, then back ON or contact your service provider for technical assistance. If you have been successful at connecting before, try relocating the phone or modem to insure you have proper coverage. DNS POISONING Occasionally after changing settings and rebooting the KRT the browser’s cache needs to be cleared. If you see this page simply close completely out of your browser and launch it again. MAXIMUM NUMBER OF USERS CONNECTED Appearance of this page indicates the number of users/clients allowed on your network has been reached. Either the maximum allowed clients setting is set too low or already at full capacity. The number of clients allowed on your network is a setting you can change in the Help and Setup Pages on your KRT. The setting is by default only set to 1 for your security and can be adjusted in the Help and Setup Pages.
19 Security Notes It is highly recommended that you follow the next few suggestions to help ensure your security while using the KRT: 1. Change Admin Password Changing the password to access your new router is the first step in securing your network. This can be done through the Wizard or on the Admin Page of the Tools tab. Make sure that the password you choose is not commonly known or something that is easy to guess such as your last name or your pet’s name. Try using a combination of letters and numbers (alpha-numeric) to deter intruders from breaking into your network. Your private information should be kept private. 2. Disable DHCP and use Static IP addresses or Use Static DHCP and limit scope to the amount of users on your network. The KRT comes with the setting for maximum users on your network set to 1. Until you change this setting you will be the only computer allowed to access the network. Even so, in the event that an intruder manages to gain access to your network, having DHCP enabled makes it easier for the intruder to access other computers on your network. There are two methods to prevent this: One way is to disable DHCP and use static IP addressing on all the devices connected to your network. This would mean that the intruder would have to know what network your devices are on in order to access them. However, this would make it more difficult to share access with new or occasional users. The second way is to change the scope of the DHCP server to only include enough IP addresses (or IP range) for the devices in your network. You can then use the Static DHCP feature of the router to assign an IP address to each device on your network. Static DHCP still dynamically assigns an IP address to your network devices but only allows for those defined devices to obtain an IP address. 3. Change the default LAN IP address Change the default LAN IP address from 192.168.0.1 to an alternate IP address. There are 3 ranges of IP addresses that have been reserved for use on Private Networks. 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 (10.0.0.0/8) 172.16.0.0- 172.31.255.255 (172.16.0.0/12) 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255 (192.168.0.0/16) CradlePoint KRT routers use 192.168.0.1 as their default LAN IP address. Choosing an alternate IP address lessens the probability of an intruders knowing what IP network your devices are on. 4. Set up MAC Filtering Each networking device (router, network card, etc) on a network contains a unique hexadecimal number that identifies that specific product. This number is referred to as a MAC address. MAC filtering allows you to create a list of the MAC address of each device on your network and only allows these specific devices to associate with your network. With this feature enabled, devices attempting to connect to your network with a MAC address that is not in the list you created, will be denied access. THE KRT COMES TO YOU WITH YOUR SECURITY IN MIND: The Personal HotSpot is equipped with several features designed to maintain security and provide easy setup to with any Cellular data network. · PCs Hidden by NAT NAT opens a temporary path to the Internet for requests originating from the local network. Requests originating from outside the LAN are discarded, preventing users outside the LAN from finding and directly accessing the PCs on the LAN. · IP Address Sharing by NAT The Personal HotSpot allows several networked PCs to share an Internet account using only a single IP address, which may be statically or dynamically assigned by your Internet service provider (ISP). This technique, known as NAT, allows the use of an inexpensive single-user ISP account. · Automatic Configuration of Attached PCs by DHCP The Personal HotSpot dynamically assigns network configuration information, including IP, gateway, and domain name server (DNS) addresses, to attached PCs on the LAN using the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP). This feature greatly simplifies configuration of PCs on your local network. · DNS Proxy When DHCP is enabled and no DNS addresses are specified, the Personal HotSpot provides its own address as a DNS server to the attached PCs. The Personal HotSpot obtains actual DNS addresses from the ISP during connection setup and forwards DNS requests from the LAN.
20 Care and Maintenance Operating Temper atures Th e op erating temperatu res should re main between 0°C to +55°C degre es. Temperatu res ou tside th is range may cause dama ge to your KRT. Storage Temperatu res Store your KRT in temp eratures not to exceed th e bounds of -40°C to +85°C. Temperatures outside this range may cause damag e to your KRT. Humidity Exposure to humidity can cause your K RT to malfu nction and/or cause permanent damagg e. To avoid this, keep your router at hu midity lev els betwe en 0 and 70%. Shoc k and Vibration Th e KRT may stop function ing if exposed to too much vibration or electrical shock. It is rec omm en ded that you place the KRT out of areas that ma y introduce t h ese factors. Contact th e manufacturer for specific details. Network Range and In terfer ance Placing the KRT near metal cabinets or computer cases, large objects s u ch as refridgerators, or around windows tinted w ith Metalic-based UV coatings can c ause interference. If you are experiencing problems with the r ang e or interferenc e be sure that you r KRT is at least placed as high as pos sible if it cannot be placed in the center of your preffer ed cover age area. Stable Position No Shock Low Vibration No Water Mild Temperature °F/C°
21 COLOR STATUS Green Connection to USB port is established. Off USB port not in use. COLOR STATUS Green Wide Area Network is ready via the Ethernet port. Off Ethernet port not in use or the connection is not secure. Port not in use. COLOR STATUS Green WLAN is operating correctly. Off No handset connected, unit is negotiating the connection, or no WLAN available. COLOR STATUS Green CTR is connected to external power / on. Off CTR is OFF. Indicators (LEDs) There are three dual LEDS used to display the device status and operation. The LED functions are identified below. The LED location and order are identified on the PCB reference drawing. The normal operating states are described below. In addition, LED’s flash during power on, power off, reset and factory reset functions to provide a visual feedback to the user of what is happening. USB Status (LED 0) WAN Status (LED 1) WLAN Status (LED 2) Power Status (LED 3)
22 Glossary and Setup Details A Access Control L ist ACL. D atabase of network devices that are allow ed to access resourc es on the network. Access Point AP. D evice that allows wireless c lien ts to connect to it and access the network Ad-hoc n etwor k - Peer-to-Peer n etwork betw een wireless clients Address Res olution Protocol ARP. U sed to map MAC ad dresses t o IP addresses so that conversions c an be made in both direc tions. AD SL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line Advanced En cryption Stan dard AES. Government en cryption standard Alphanumeric Characters A-Z and 0-9 Antenn a Used to transmit and rec eive RF signals. AppleTalk A set of Local Area Network protocols developed b y Apple for their compu ter systems AppleTalk Addr es s Resolution Protocol AARP. Used t o map the MAC addresses of Apple computers to their AppleTalk network addr esses, so that c on v ersions can be made in both directions. Application layer 7th Layer of the OSI model. Provides s ervices to applications to en sur e that they can communicate prop erly with other applications on a ne twork . ASCII Amer ican Standard Code for Information Interchange. This sys tem of ch arac ters is most commonly u sed for t ext files Attenuation Th e loss in strength of digital an analog sign als. The loss is greater when the signal is b eing transmitted o ver long distances . Auth en tication To provide cr ed entials, like a Password, in order to verify that the pers on or device is r eally who they are claiming to b e Automatic Pr ivate IP Addressing APIPA. An IP address th at a Windows computer will assign its elf when it is configured to obtain an IP addr ess automatically but no DH CP ser ver is availabl e on the netw ork . B Backw ard Compati ble Th e ability for n ew d evices to communicate and interact with older lega c y devic es to guarantee inter operability Bandwidth Th e maxi mum amou nt of byt es or bits p er second that can be tran smitted to and from a network devic e Basic Input/Output System BIOS. A program that the proc essor of a comput er uses to startu p the system on ce it is turned on Baud Data transmission speed Bit rate Th e amount of bits that pass in giv en amount of ti me bit/sec – bits p er sec ond BOOTP Bootstrap Pr otocol. Allows for co mputers t o be boot ed up and giv en an IP address with no user inter ven tion Bottleneck A time durin g processes when s om ething causes the proc ess to slowdown or stop all t ogeth er Br oadband A wide ban d of frequencies available for trans mitting data Br oadcast Tr ansmitting data in all dir ec tions at once Br owser A program that allows you to access r esour ces on the web and provides them to you graphically C Cable modem A devic e that allows you to connect a computer up to a coaxial cable a n d r eceive Internet access from your Cable provider CardBus A newer version of the PC Card or P CMCIA int erface. It supports a 32-bit data path, DMA, and consumes less volta ge
23 Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance CSMA/CA Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision D etect CSMA/CD CAT 5 Category 5. Used f or 10/100 Mbps or 1Gbps Eth ernet connections Channel Th e ch annel the w ireles s signal is transmitted on. Client A program or user that requests data from a serv er. Collision When do two devic es on the s a me Ethernet network try and transmit da ta at the e xact same time. Cookie In formation th at is stor ed on the hard dr ive of your c omputer that hold s your pref er ences to th e site that gav e your comput er the co okie. Cracker A talen t ed and malicious c omputer user w ho gain s unauthorized access to a c omputer or network of computers with the inten tion of stealin g, malic iously modifying, or des troying information. Also kn own as a “Black Hat Hacker.” Of ten mistak en ly refer red to as a Hacker. CSMA/CA Carrier Sense Multiple Ac cess/ Collision Av oidance C SMA/CD – Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision D etection D Data In formation th at has been trans lated into binary do that i t can be proces sed or move d to another device Data En cryption Standard Uses a randomly selected 56-bit key that must be known by both the sender and the r ec eiver when infor mation is exchanged Data-Link layer Th e second lay er of the OSI model. Controls the movement of data on the ph ys ical link of a network Database Organizes information so that it can be managed updated, as w ell as easily accessed by users or applications DB-25 A 25 ping male conn ec tor f or attachin g External modems or R S-232 serial devices D B-9 – A 9 pin connector for RS-232 connections dBd, dBi, dBm decibels r elated to dipole antenn a, dec ibels relativ e to isotr opic radiator, decibels r elative to one milliwatt Decrypt To unscramble an encrypted message back into plain tex t Default A predetermined value or s etting that is used by a program when no user input h as been entered for this value or setting Default Subnet Mask Th e subn et on your r outer on the local area network Demilitarized zone - DMZ A single co mputer or group of computers that can be accessed by both users on the Internet as well as u sers on th e Local N etwor k, but that is not protected by the sa me s ecu rity as the Local Network. DHCP Dynamic Host C on figuration Protocol. Used to automatically assign I P a ddresses from a pr edefined pool of addresses to computers or devices that r equests them (See Also D HCP IP Address Range, Number of DHCP Dynamic Clients, Static DHCP Clients, DHCP L ease Time) DHCP IP Address Range Th is option defines the r ange of ad dresses available for the r outer to as sign to your internal network If you h ave any devices using Static IP addresses, be sure the a ddresses do not fall with in the range d efined her e. DHCP L ease Ti me Th e amount of time a computer may have an IP address b efor e it is r eq u ired to r en ew the lease. Th e lease function s just as the lease on an apartment wou ld. Th e initial lease designates the amoun t of ti me befor e the lease expires. If the t enant wishes to retain their address when the lease is expire d th en th e lease is established. If the lease is no longer needed then the address is allow ed to b e r eu sed by someone else. Digital cer tificate An elec tronic m ethod of providing credentials to a server in order to h ave access to it or a network
24 Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum – DSSS Modu lation techniqu e used by 802.11 b wireless devices Domain Name Syste m – DNS Tr anslates Domain Names to IP addr esses Data Over Cable Service In terface Specifications – DOCSIS Th e standard inter face for cabl e mode ms Domain name A name that is ass oc iated with an IP address Download To send a r equest from on e computer to another and have the file trans mitted back to the requesting computer DSL – Digital Su bscriber Line High badnwidth inter net con nection over telephone lines Duplex Sending and recieving data at the s ame time DDNS – Dynamic DN S service Is provided n t com panies to allow users with Dynamic IP Addresses to obtain a Domain Name th at w ill always be linked to th eir changin g IP Address. The IP Address i s updated either by client sof tware or b y a rou t er that su ppor ts D DNS, w henever the IP Add r ess c han ges Dynamic IP Address IP address that is assigned b y a DHCP server and th at may chan ge. Cabl e Internet providers usually use this method to assign IP Addr esses to their customer s E EAP Extensible Authentication Protocol Email Electronic M ail is a c omputer-stored message that is trans mitted over t h e Internet Encryption Converting data into cyphertext so that it c ann ot b e easily r ead Ethernet Th e most widely used t echnology f or Local Area N etworks F Fiber optic A way of s en ding data thr ough light impulses over glas s or plas tic wire or f iber File server A compu t er on a network that s tores data so that the other computers on the network c an all access it File sh aring Allowing data from computers on a networ k to b e accessed by other computers on th e network will different lev els of access rights Firewall A devic e that protec ts r esou rces of th e Local Area Netw ork from unauthorized users outside of th e local network Firmware Programming that is insert ed into a hardw are device that tells it how to function Fragmentation – Breaking up data into smaller piec es to make it easier to store FTP – File Tran sfer Protocol Easiest way to tran sfer files betw een c omputers on the Internet Full-duplex – Sen ding and Receiving data at the same ti me G Gain Th e amount an amplifier boosts the w ireless signal Gatew ay A devic e that connec ts your networ k to anoth er , like the your computer to th e internet Gbps – Giga bits per second Gigabit Ethernet Tr ansmiss ion tech nology that transfers data at a rate of 1 billion bits per second GUI – Graphical U ser In terface A visual w ay of interacting w ith a comput er using s uch items as w indow s, icons , and menu s. Graphic al user interfaces are used by most modern operating sys tems H H.323 A standard that provides c onsistancy of voice and video transmission s and compatibility for video con frencing de vices Hacker An enthu siastic and skillfull computer programmer or u ser c o mmonly mistak en by th e m edia for a Cracker or Sc ript K iddie. (See Cr ack er)
25 Half D uplex Data cannot be transmitted and r ecieved at the same time Hashing Tr ansforming a string of ch aracters into a shorter str ing with a predefin ed length Hexid ecimal Characters 0- 9 and A-F used to repr esent numbers also k nown as base 16 HomePNA, HomePNF Networking over t elephone lines, Networking standard that combines 802.11b and DECT(Digital enhanced cordless comminication) that provides s peeds up t o 1.6 m ega bits per s econ d and a distance of 150ft using a Frequen cy Hoping transmission method Hop Th e action of data packets being tran smitted fro m one to another Host Computer on the network HTTP – Hypertext Transfer Protocol Used to transfer files from HTTP servers (web servers) to HTTP clients (web browsers) HTTPS – Hypertext Tr ansfer P rotocol over SSL Used to encrypt and decrypt HTTP tran smissions , also know n as Seccure HTTP Hub A networking device th at c onnects multiple d evices togeth er I ICMP – Internet Control Message Pr otocol One of the core protoc ols of the Inter net protocol suite. Used mainly b y a networked computers’ operating system to send er ror messages for IP datagrams , diagnostics, or r outing pu rposes IGMP – Internet Group Managment Protoc ol Used to make sure that computers can report their multicast group me mbersh ip to adjacent router s IIS – Internet Infor mati on Server A Web server and FTP ser ver provid ed b y M icrosoft IK E – Inter net K ey Exchange Used to ensure s ecurity for VP N exch ange In frastruc ture In terms of a wireless n etwork this is w hen wirek ess c lien ts use an accress poin t t o fain acceess to the networ k In put Port Range (See Special Application s page) The port range that you want to open t o inter net traffic In terface (See Rou ting page ) Specifies the n ex t hop to be taken if the route sp ecified is u sed. Agateway of 0.0.0.0 implies ther e is no next hop and th e IP address match ed is c onn ected direc tly to the router on the interfac e specified ( either LAN or WAN) In ternet A system of w orldwide netw orks which uses TCP/IP to allow for resources to be accr essed from computers arou nd the wor ld In ternet Explorer One of many we b brows ers available for computers. Se e also M ozzilla. Fir efox, Konqurer, Opera, Safari In ternet Pr otocol Th e method of tr ansfer ing data from one c omputer to an other on the In ternet ISP – Internet Service Procvider Company that provides internet to individuals or companies In teroperability Th e ablity for products to interact with eachother without much c onsumer interaction. Generally seen as an asset to any pr oduct In tranet A private n etwork In tusion D etection A typ e of security that s cans a n etwork to detect attacks coming f rom inside and outside the network IP – Internet Protocol IP Address A 32-bit number, w hen talking about Itern et Protocol Version 4, that id en tifies each computer th at transmits data on the internet or intranet IP v6 – Intern et Protocol Version 6 Uses 1 28 bit addresses and was develop ed t o solve the pr oblem that we face running out of IP version 4 addresses IP X – Inter netwok Packet Exchange A networking protocol d eveloped b y Nov ell to enable th eir Netware clie nts and servers to communicate J Java A programming lan gu age used to cr eate progra ms and applets for web pages K
26 Kbps Kilobits per s econd Ker beros A method of securing and authenticating requests for services on a n et wor k L LAN – L ocal Area N etwork A groupp of computers in a building that usually access files from a ser ver Latancy Th e amount of time a pack et takes t o travel from on e location to another on a network. Also reffer ed t o as d elay. LED Light Em mitting Diod e Legac y Older d evices or technology M MB – MegaByte Mbps Megabits per s econd MAC Addr ess A unique hardware address for d evic es on a LAN. Each n etworking device (router, n etw ork car d, etc) on a n etwor k contains a uniqu e hexadec imal n umber that id en tifies that specific product. MAC Filtering MAC filtering allows you to create a lis t of the M AC address of each dev ice on y our network and only allows thes e specific devic es to assoc iate with your n etwork. With th is feature enabl ed, devices attem pting to connec t to your n etw ork with a M AC address that is not in the list you created, w ill be denied access. Metric (See Rou ting page ) Specifies the inter face, LAN or WAN, that the IP Packet must use to transit out of the r outer w hen the selected route is used MIB - Managem ent In fomation Bas e A set of objects that can be managed by us ing SNMP MTU – M aximu m Tr ansmiss ion Unit Th e largest packet that can be transmitt ed on a packet based n etwork like the internet Multicast Sending data fro m one device to many devices on th e ne twork N NAT – Network Address Tr anslation Allows many private IP addr essses to connec t to the Internet, or anoth ernetwork, through one IP address NetBEUI NetBIOS E xtende d U ser In t erfaceis a L ocal Area Network commincation protocol. Th is is an updated v ersion of N etBIOS NetBIOS Network Basic In put/Output System NetMask Determines what portion of an IP ad dress desi gn ates the Network and w hic h art design ates the Host NetWare Server software dev eloped by No vell NIC – Netw ork Interface Card A card installed in a computer or built onto the m otherboard that allow s the computer to connect to a network Network Layer Th e third layer of the OSI model which handles the routing of traffic on the network. Number of Dynamic DHCP Clients In this sec tion, you can see what LAN devices are currently leasing IP addresses. The DHCP Client tabl e displa ys the n umber of clients that are receiving an IP addr ess from th e router. The computer nam e, MAC ad dress, and IP addr ess assigned to each computer are displaye d h ere as well. You can Rev oke IP addr esses in this secti on. The revok e option allows you to take away a leased IP ad dres s from a client. This feature is u seful for freeing u p add r esses w hen the clien t table is f ull or nearly full. Be sure to only revoke ad dresses from device s th at are no longer needed on the n etwork. NTP – N etwork Time Protocol Used to s yn chr onize the time of all the comput er s on the network O
27 OSI – Open Systems In tercommun ication Th e referen ce model for how data should travel b etw een two devices on a network . OSPF – Open Short est P ath First A routin g protocol that is used mor e than RIP in larg er scale n etworks because only c han ges to th e routin g tabl e are sent to all the o ther routers in the n etwork as opp osed to sending the entire routin g table at a regu lar interval, w hich is how RIP functions. P Passs word A sequence of ch aracters that is used to authenticate reques ts to resources on a network Per sonal Area N etwork Th e intercon nection of n etworking d evices w ithin a range of 10 meter s Physical L ayer Th e first layer of the OSI model, pro viding the h ardware a means of tran mittin g elec trical sign als on a data c arrier PoE – Power over Ether net Th e means of transmitting electricity over the un used pairs in a C AT5 cable. Policy N ame (See Access Con tol page) The name of the acces control policy you hav e or are creating. POP 3 – Post Office Protocol 3 Used for recieving mail PPP – Point to P oint Protocol Used for two compu ter s to comminicate w ith eachother over a serial interface, like a phone line Preamble Used to s yn chr onize c ommun ication timing between d evices on a networ k Private P ort Th e port th at will be used on your internal network Public Port Th e port th at will be accessed fro m th e internet Q QOS Quality of Service R RADIUS – Remote Auth en tication Dial-in U ser Service Allows for r emote users to dial into a c entral server and be auth en ticated in order to access resou rces on a netw ork. Remo te Managment Allows you to manage your router from anywhere with an internet con n ection. See Tools Admin Remo te Management Port Th e port th at will be accessed fro m th e internet. Rendezvou s Apple’s ver sion of UpnP, which allows f or devices on a network to discover eachother and be connected w ithout the n eed to configu re any settings. Repeater Retransmits the signal of an Access Point in order t o extend its cover age. RIP – Routing Information Protocol Used to s yn chr onize the routin g table of all the r outer s on a n etwor k. RIP Ann ouncement Th is option is u sed with multiple routers to broadcast r outing information. Router Metr ic Th is option is u sed if you have multiple r out er s. RJ-1 1, RJ- 45 Th e most com mon ly used connec tion method for tel ephones, The most commonly use d connection method for Eth ernet. RS-232C Th e interface for serial commu nic ation between c ompuuter s and oth er r ealated devices. RSA Algorithm Used for encryption and authentication. S Samba A freew are program that allows for resour ces to be shared on a network. Mainly used in Unix based op erating systems Server A compu t er on a network that provides services and resourc es to other computers on th e network Session K ey An Encryption and d ecryption key that is generat ed for ev ery commun ication session between tw o c omputers Session L ayer The fifth lay er of the OSI model w hich coordinates the con nection and commu nication between applications at both ends SMTP – Simpl e Mail Tr ansfer P rotocol Used for sending and recieving mail
28 SNMP – Simple n etwor k Management Protocol Govens the managemen t and monitoring of network devices Special Applications Th e Sp ecial Application sec tion is used t o open single or multiple ports on your r outer w hen the router senses data sent to the Internet on a ‘trigg er’ port or port range. Spec ial Applications rules apply to all computers on your internal network. SSH – Secure Shell A command line interface that allow s for secure connection s to re mote computers SSID – Service Set Identifier A name for a wir eless network SPI - Stateful Packet In spec tion A feature of a firewall th at monitors out going and incoming traffic to make s ure that on ly valid reponses to ou tgoin g requests ar e allowed to pass through the firewall. When SPI is en abled, th e extra state information will b e reported on the Status > Active sessions page. Static DHCP Client Static DHCP Clients receive th e same IP address all the time. This is almost the sa me as if a device h as a static IP address exce pt that it must still actually request an IP addres s from the CradlePoint Router. The CradlePoint Router w ill provide the devic e the same IP a ddress all th e time. Servers on your network should eith er use a static IP address or this option . To input the MAC address of your system, enter it in manually or c onnect to the Cr adleP oint Rou ter’s Web-Management int erface from the syst em and clic k the Copy Your PC’s MAC Address button. Static DHCP Client L ist Entries on this list can be en abled/disabled b y toggling the Enable check box. Entries can b e modified by c licking on the paper and pencil icon. To del ete an entry, click on the trash can icon. After you’ ve compl eted all modif ications or deletions , you must click the Save Se ttings button at the top of the pa ge to save your changes. The router must reboot before n ew settings w ill take effect. You will be prompt ed to Reb oot the Devic e or Continue. If you n eed to make additional s ettings changes, click Continue. If you are finished with your configur ation settings, click the Reboot the De vice button. Static IP Addr ess An IP address that is enter ed manu ally on the devic e. Subn et Mask Determines the portion of an IP address designated to the Network and the portion d edicated to the Host. ( Se e also D efault Subnet Mas k) T TCP – Transmission Con trol Protocol Applications on netw orked hosts use TCP t o creat e connec tions to one another, over which th ey can exc hange data. TCP is the layer a bov e the IP and below th e application. TCP/ IP – Transmission control Protocol/ Inter net Protocol Also known as the Internet P rotocol Su ite. Implement the protocol stack on w hic h network s run. Th oughput Th e amount of data that can be transfer ed in a given time period. Tr ace r oute A utility th at dis plays th e routes between your c omputer and a spec ific destination. Tr ansmiss ion Rate Speed of data on th e Local Area N etwork Tr igger Port Range (See Special Application s page) Enter the outgoing port range used by your application. Selec t th e outbound pro tocol u sed by your application. U UDP – User Datagram Protocol Allows programs on ne tworked computer to send short messages called datagrams to one another. UNC - Universal Naming Convention Allows for s hares on a computer to b e identified without h aving to kn ow what storage device it is on Unicast Communication b etween a single sender and r eciever UPnP – Universal Plug and Play Th e feature which allows devices to id entify each other on a network without requiring set up by th e user URL – U niform Resource Locator A unique address for fil es accessible on the internet
29 V VPN – Virtu al Private Network A secure tunnel over th e internet to connect r emote offices or users to thier c ompany’s network Virtual Sever Th e Virtual Server op tion gives Int ernet users access to services on your L AN. This feature is useful for hostin g online services such as FTP, W eb, or Game Servers. For each Virtual Server, you define a public p ort on your r outer f or r edir ection t o an internal L AN IP Address and port. Example: You are hosting a Web Server on a Laptop or PC that has Private IP Address of 192.168.0. 50 and you r ISP is block ing Port 80. 1. Name the Vir tual Server Rule ( ex. Web Server) 2. En ter in the IP Addr ess of the machine on your LAN 19 2.1 68.1.1 3. En ter the Private Port as [80] 4. En ter the Public P ort as [8888] 5. Select th e Pr otocol - T CP 6. En sur e the schedule is s et t o Always 7. Chec k the Add Ru le to add the settings 8. Repeat these steps for each Virtu al 9. Server Rule you w ish to add. After the list is c omple te, c lick Save Se ttings at the top of th e page. With this Virtual Server Rule all Internet traffic on Port 88 88 will be red irected t o your inter nal web serv er on port 80 at IP Address 192.168.0.50. Virtual Servers List Entries on this list can be en abled/disabled b y toggling the Enable check box. Entries can b e modified by c licking on the paper and pencil icon. To del ete an entry, click on the trash can icon. After you’ ve compl eted all modif ications or deletions , you must click the Save Se ttings button at the top of the pa ge to save your changes. The router must reboot before n ew settings w ill take effect. You will be prompt ed to Reb oot the Devic e or Continue. Reb oot the device if you are satisfied w ith you r settin gs. Virtual Server Rule Name of the virtual s erver, such as W eb Server Visibility Statu s Whether or not the SSID will be visible on th e LAN. If this is set to invisible oth er s will not beable to see y our network in their list of availabl e networks withou t s pecial configurations. You will have to conn ect to an invisible n etwork by manually entering the na me into your con nect utility on you r computer. VoIP – Voice over Int ernet Protocol (IP) Sending voice information over the internet W Wake on L AN Allows you to power up a computer thrrough it’s NIC on a WAN. Web Browser A utility th at allows you to view content and interact with all of th e information in the Wor ld Wide Web. E xamples include: Firefox, Mozzilla, Safari, Opera, and lastly thou gh of ten less flexible and secure, Internet Explorer. WEP – Wir ed Equ ivalen t Privacy Security for wireless n etwor ks that is supposed t o b e c ompatible t o th a t of a wir ed network. Wi-Fi Wireles s Fidelity WPA – WiFi Protected Access An updated version of security for w ireless networks that provides authentication as well as encryption . Wide Area N etwor k A network s panning a lar ge geographical area or consisting of more than one L AN. Wireles s Network Name Th e SSID for the router. WISP - Wireles s ISP A company that provides a br oadband c onnection o ver w ireless c onnections to the internet.
30 WLAN - Wireless LAN Conn ecting to a L oacl Area Network over one of the 802.11 wir eless stan dards X Y Yagi An t en na A diraction al antenna u sed to c oncentrate a w ireless signal on a s paec ific location Z

Navigation menu