CyberTAN Technology WR214E Wireless-B Broadband Router User Manual NWR11B user guide

CyberTAN Technology Inc. Wireless-B Broadband Router NWR11B user guide

Contents

Users Manual II

Wireless-B Broadband Router47Network Everywhere®Series46I. Click the OK button in the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window.Click the OK button in the Local Area Connection Properties window.2. I want to test my Internet connection.A. Check your TCP/IP settings.For Windows 98 SE and Me:Refer to your Ethernet adapter’s documentation for details. Make sureObtain IP address automatically is selected in the settings.For Windows 2000:• Click Start, Settings, and Control Panel. Double-click Network andDial-Up Connections.• Right-click the Local Area Connection that is associated with theEthernet adapter you are using, and select the Properties option. • In the Components checked are used by this connection box, highlightInternet Protocol (TCP/IP), and click the Properties button. Make surethat Obtain an IP address automatically and Obtain DNS serveraddress automatically are selected.• Click the OK button in the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties win-dow, and click the OK button in the Local Area Connection Propertieswindow.• Restart the computer if asked.For Windows XP:The following instructions assume you are running Windows XP with thedefault interface. If you are using the Classic interface (where the icons andmenus look like previous Windows versions), please follow the instructionsfor Windows 2000.• Click Start and Control Panel. • Click the Network and Internet Connections icon and then theNetwork Connections icon.• Right-click the Local Area Connectionthat is associated with the Ethernet adapter you are using, and select theProperties option.• In the This connection uses the following items box, highlight InternetProtocol (TCP/IP), and click the Properties button. Make sure thatObtain an IP address automatically and Obtain DNS server addressautomatically are selected.For Windows 2000:A. Click Start, Settings, and Control Panel. Double-click Network andDial-Up Connections.B. Right-click the Local Area Connection that is associated with the Ethernetadapter you are using, and select the Properties option.C. In the Components checked are used by this connection box, highlightInternet Protocol (TCP/IP), and click the Properties button. Select Usethe following IP address option.D. Enter a unique IP address that is not used by any other computer on thenetwork connected to the Router. You can only use an IP address in theranges 192.168.1.2 to 192.168.1.99 and 192.168.1.151 to 192.168.1.254. E. Enter the Subnet Mask, 255.255.255.0.F. Enter the Default Gateway, 192.168.1.1 (Router’s default IP address).G. Toward the bottom of the window, select Use the following DNS serveraddresses, and enter the Preferred DNS server and Alternative DNSserver (provided by your ISP). Contact your ISP or go on its website to findthe information.H. Click the OK button in the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window,and click the OK button in the Local Area Connection Properties window.I. Restart the computer if asked.For Windows XP:The following instructions assume you are running Windows XP with thedefault interface. If you are using the Classic interface (where the icons andmenus look like previous Windows versions), please follow the instructions forWindows 2000.A. Click Start and Control Panel. B. Click the Network and Internet Connections icon and then the NetworkConnections icon.C. Right-click the Local Area Connection that is associated with the Ethernetadapter you are using, and select the Properties option.D. In the This connection uses the following items box, highlight InternetProtocol (TCP/IP). Click the Properties button.E. Enter a unique IP address that is not used by any other computer on the net-work connected to the Router. You can only use an IP address in the ranges192.168.1.2 to 192.168.1.99 and 192.168.1.151 to 192.168.1.254. F. Enter the Subnet Mask, 255.255.255.0.G. Enter the Default Gateway, 192.168.1.1 (Router’s default IP address).H. Toward the bottom of the window, select Use the following DNS serveraddresses, and enter the Preferred DNS server and Alternative DNSserver (provided by your ISP). Contact your ISP or go on its website to findthe information.
Wireless-B Broadband Router49Network Everywhere®Series48C. Make sure you are using the right Internet settings. Contact your ISP to seeif your Internet connection type is DHCP, Static IP Address, or PPPoE(commonly used by DSL consumers). Please refer to the Setup section of“Chapter 5: The Router’s Web-based Utility” for details on Internet settings.D. Make sure you have the right cable. Check to see if the Internet column hasa solidly lit Link LED. E. Make sure the cable connecting from your cable or DSL modem is con-nected to the Router’s Internet port. Verify that the Status page of theRouter’s web interface shows a valid IP address from your ISP.F. Turn off the computer, Router, and Broadband modem. Wait 30 seconds,and then turn on the Router, Cable/DSL modem, and computer. Check theStatus tab of the Router’s web-based utility to see if you get an IP address. 4. I am not able to access the Router’s web interface Setup page.A. Refer to “Problem #2, I want to test my Internet connection” to verify thatyour computer is properly connected to the Router.B. Refer to “Appendix D: Finding the MAC Address and IP address for YourEthernet Adapter” to verify that your computer has an IP Address, SubnetMask, Gateway, and DNS.C. Set a static IP address on your system; refer to “Problem #1: I need to set astatic IP address.”D. Refer to “Problem #10: I need to remove the proxy settings or the dial-uppop-up window (for PPPoE users).”5. I can’t get my Virtual Private Network (VPN) working through the Router.Access the Router’s web interface by going to http://192.168.1.1 or the IPaddress of the Router, and go to the Advanced => Filter tab. Make sure youhave IPsec pass-through and/or PPTP pass-through enabled.VPNs that use IPSec with the ESP (Encapsulation Security Payload known asprotocol 50) authentication will work fine. At least one IPSec session will workthrough the Router; however, simultaneous IPSec sessions may be possible,depending on the specifics of your VPNs.VPNs that use IPSec and AH (Authentication Header known as protocol 51)are incompatible with the Router. AH has limitations due to occasional incom-patibility with the NAT standard. • Click the OK button in the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties win-dow, and click the OK button in the Local Area Connection Propertieswindow.• Restart the computer if asked.B. Open a command prompt.• For Windows 98 SE and Me, please click Start and Run. In the Openfield, type in command. Press the Enter key or click the OK button.• For Windows 2000 and XP, please click Start and Run. In the Openfield, type cmd. Press the Enter key or click the OK button.C. In the command prompt, type ping 192.168.1.1 and press the Enter key. • If you get a reply, the computer is communicating with the Router.• If you do NOT get a reply, please check the cable, and make sure Obtainan IP address automatically is selected in the TCP/IP settings for yourEthernet adapter. D. In the command prompt, type ping followed by your Internet IP address andpress the Enter key. The WAN (or Internet) IP Address can be found in theweb interface of the Router. For example, if your WAN IP address is 1.2.3.4,you would enter ping 1.2.3.4 and press the Enter key.• If you get a reply, the computer is connected to the Router.• If you do NOT get a reply, try the ping command from a different com-puter to verify that your original computer is not the cause of the problem.E. In the command prompt, type ping www.yahoo.com and press the Enterkey. • If you get a reply, the computer is connected to the Internet. If you cannotopen a webpage, try the ping command from a different computer to ver-ify that your original computer is not the cause of the problem.• If you do NOT get a reply, there may be a problem with the connection.Try the ping command from a different computer to verify that your orig-inal computer is not the cause of the problem.3. I am not getting an IP address on the Internet with my Internet connection.A. Refer to “Problem #2, I want to test my Internet connection” to verify thatyou have connectivity.B. If you need to register the MAC address of your Ethernet adapter with yourISP, please see “Appendix D: Finding the MAC address and IP Address forYour Ethernet Adapter.” If you need to clone the MAC address of yourEthernet adapter onto the Router, see the MAC Address Clone section of“Chapter 5:The Router’s Web-based Utility” for details.
Wireless-B Broadband Router51Network Everywhere®Series50F. Check the Enable option for the port services you want to use. Consider theexample below:Customized Ext. Port TCP UDP IP Address EnableApplicationWeb server 80 to 80 X X 192.168.1.100 XFTP server 21 to 21 X 192.168.1.101 XSMTP (outgoing)25 to 25 X X 192.168.1.102 XPOP3 (incoming) 110 to 110 X X 192.168.1.102 XWhen you have completed the configuration, click the Apply button.7. I need to set up online game hosting or use other Internet applications.If you want to play online games or use Internet applications, most will workwithout doing any port forwarding or DMZ hosting. There may be cases whenyou want to host an online game or Internet application. This would requireyou to set up the Router to deliver incoming packets or data to a specific com-puter. This also applies to the Internet applications you are using. The best wayto get the information on what port services to use is to go to the website of theonline game or application you want to use. Follow these steps to set up onlinegame hosting or use a certain Internet application:A. Access the Router’s web interface by going to http://192.168.1.1 or the IPaddress of the Router. Go to the Advanced => Forwarding tab and clickthe View Port Range Forwarding button.B. Enter any name you want to use for the Customized Application.C. Enter the Ext. Port range of the service you are using. For example, if youwant to host Unreal Tournament (UT), you would enter the range 7777 to27900.D. Check the protocol you will be using, TCP and/or UDP. E. Enter the IP address of the PC or network device that you want the portserver to go to. For example, if the web server’s Ethernet adapter IP addressis 192.168.1.100, you would enter 100 in the field provided. Check“Appendix D: Finding the MAC Address and IP Address for Your EthernetAdapter” for details on getting an IP address.Change the IP address for the Router to another subnet to avoid a conflictbetween the VPN IP address and your local IP address. For example, if yourVPN server assigns an IP address 192.168.1.X (X is a number from 1 to 254)and your local LAN IP address is 192.168.1.X (X is the same number used inthe VPN IP address), the Router will have difficulties routing information tothe right location. If you change the Router’s IP address to 192.168.2.1, thatshould solve the problem. Change the Router’s IP address through the Setup tabof the web interface. If you assigned a static IP address to any computer or net-work device on the network, you need to change its IP address accordingly to192.168.2.Y (Y being any number from 1 to 254). Note that each IP addressmust be unique within the network.Your VPN may require port 500/UDP packets to be passed to the computer thatis connecting to the IPSec server. Refer to “Problem #7, I need to set up onlinegame hosting or use other Internet applications” for details. Check the Network Everywhere website for more information at www.net-workeverywhere.com.6. I need to set up a server behind my Router.To use a server like a web, ftp, or mail server, you need to know the respectiveport numbers they are using. For example, port 80 (HTTP) is used for web;port 21 (FTP) is used for FTP, and port 25 (SMTP outgoing) and port 110(POP3 incoming) are used for the mail server. You can get more informationby viewing the documentation provided with the server you installed. Followthese steps to set up port forwarding through the Router’s web-based utility. Wewill be setting up web, ftp, and mail servers.A. Access the Router’s web-based utility by going to http://192.168.1.1 or theIP address of the Router. Go to the Advanced => Forwarding tab andclick the View Port Range Forwarding button. B. Enter any name you want to use for the Customized Application.C. Enter the Ext. Port range of the service you are using. For example, if youhave a web server, you would enter the range 80 to 80. D. Check the protocol you will be using, TCP and/or UDP. E. Enter the IP address of the PC or network device that you want the portserver to go to. For example, if the web server’s Ethernet adapter IP addressis 192.168.1.100, you would enter 100 in the field provided. Check“Appendix D: Finding the MAC Address and IP Address for Your EthernetAdapter” for details on getting an IP address.
Wireless-B Broadband Router53Network Everywhere®Series529. I forgot my password, or the password prompt always appears when saving set-tings to the Router.Reset the Router to factory default by pressing the Reset button for 30 secondsand then releasing it. If you are still getting prompted for a password when sav-ing settings, then perform the following steps:A. Access the Router’s web interface by going to http://192.168.1.1 or the IPaddress of the Router. Enter the default password admin, and click thePassword tab. B. Enter a different password in the Router Password field, and enter this newpassword in the second field to confirm the password.C. Click the Apply button.10. I am a PPPoE user, and I need to remove the proxy settings or the dial-up pop-up window.If you have proxy settings, you need to disable these on your computer.Because the Router is the gateway for the Internet connection, the computerdoes not need any proxy settings to gain access. Please follow these directionsto verify that you do not have any proxy settings and that the browser you useis set to connect directly to the LAN.For Microsoft Internet Explorer 5.0 or higher:A. Click Start, Settings, and Control Panel. Double-click Internet Options. B. Click the Connections tab.C. Click the LAN settings button and remove anything that is checked.D. Click the OK button to go back to the previous screen.E. Click the option Never dial a connection. This will remove any dial-uppop-ups for PPPoE users.For Netscape 4.7 or higher:A. Start Netscape Navigator, and click Edit, Preferences, Advanced, andProxies. B. Make sure you have Direct connection to the Internet selected on thisscreen.C. Close all the windows to finish.11. To start over, I need to set the Router to factory default.Hold the Reset button for up to 30 seconds and then release it. This will returnthe password, forwarding, and other settings on the Router to the factorydefault settings. In other words, the Router will revert to its original factoryconfiguration.F. Check the Enable option for the port services you want to use. Consider theexample below:Customized Ext. Port TCP UDP IP Address EnableApplicationUT 7777 to 27900 X X 192.168.1.100 X Halflife 27015 to 27015 X X 192.168.1.105 XPC Anywhere 5631 to 5631 X 192.168.1.102 XVPN IPSEC 500 to 500 X 192.168.1.100 XWhen you have completed the configuration, click the Apply button.8. I can’t get the Internet game, server, or application to work.If you are having difficulties getting any Internet game, server, or applicationto function properly, consider exposing one PC to the Internet usingDeMilitarized Zone (DMZ) hosting. This option is available when an applica-tion requires too many ports or when you are not sure which port services touse. Make sure you disable all the forwarding entries if you want to success-fully use DMZ hosting, since forwarding has priority over DMZ hosting. (Inother words, data that enters the Router will be checked first by the forwardingsettings. If the port number that the data enters from does not have port for-warding, then the Router will send the data to whichever PC or network deviceyou set for DMZ hosting.) Follow these steps to set DMZ hosting:A. Access the Router’s web-based utility by going to http://192.168.1.1 or theIP address of the Router. Go to the Advanced => Forwarding tab andclick the View Port Range Forwarding button.B. Disable or remove the entries you have entered for forwarding. Keep thisinformation in case you want to use it at a later time.C. Click the DMZ Host tab.D. Enter the Ethernet adapter’s IP address of the computer you want exposedto the Internet. This will bypass the NAT firewall for that computer. Pleaserefer to “Appendix D: Finding the MAC Address and IP Address for YourEthernet Adapter” for details on getting an IP address. Once completed with the configuration, click the Apply button.
Wireless-B Broadband Router55Network Everywhere®Series54F. You may see the login status display as Connecting. Press the F5 key torefresh the screen, until you see the login status display as Connected.G. Click the Apply button to continue.If the connection is lost again, follow steps E to G to re-establish connection.15. I can't access my email, web, or VPN, or I am getting corrupted data from theInternet.The Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) setting may need to be adjusted. Bydefault, the MTU is set at 1500. For most DSL users, it is strongly recom-mended to use MTU 1492. If you are having some difficulties, perform the fol-lowing steps:A. To connect to the Router, go to the web browser, and enterhttp://192.168.1.1 or the IP address of the Router.B. Enter the password, if asked. (The default password is admin.)C. Click the Advanced => Filter tab.D. Look for the MTU option, and select Enable. In the Size field, enter 1492. E. Click the Apply button to continue.If your difficulties continue, change the Size to different values. Try this list ofvalues, one value at a time, in this order, until your problem is solved:146214001362130016. I need to use port triggering.Port triggering looks at the outgoing port services used and will trigger theRouter to open a specific port, depending on which port an Internet applicationuses. Follow these steps:A. To connect to the Router, go to the web browser, and enterhttp://192.168.1.1 or the IP address of the Router.B. Enter the password, if asked. (The default password is admin.)C. Click the Advanced => Forwarding tab, and click the Port Trigger button.D. Enter any name you want to use for the Application Name.E. Enter the Triggered Port Range. Check with your Internet applicationprovider for more information on which outgoing port services it is using.F. Enter the Incoming Port Range. Check with your Internet Applicationprovider for more information on which incoming port services arerequired by the Internet application.12. I need to upgrade the firmware.In order to upgrade the firmware with the latest features, you need to go to theNetwork Everywhere website and download the latest firmware at www.net-workeverywhere.com. Follow these steps:A. Go to the Linksys website at http://www.networkeverywhere.com anddownload the latest firmware.B. To upgrade the firmware, follow the steps in the Help section found in“Chapter 5: The Router’s Web-based Utility.”13. The firmware upgrade failed, and/or the Diag LED is flashing.The upgrade could have failed for a number of reasons. Follow these steps toupgrade the firmware and/or make the Diag LED stop flashing:A. If the firmware upgrade failed, use the TFTP program (it was downloadedalong with the firmware). Open the pdf that was downloaded along with thefirmware and TFTP program, and follow the pdf’s instructions.B. Set a static IP address on the PC; refer to “Problem #1, I need to set a stat-ic IP address.” Use the following IP address settings for the computer youare using:IP Address: 192.168.1.50Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0Gateway: 192.168.1.1C. Perform the upgrade using the TFTP program or the Router’s web-basedutility through its Help tab.14. My DSL service’s PPPoE is always disconnecting.PPPoE is not actually a dedicated or always-on connection. The DSL ISP candisconnect the service after a period of inactivity, just like a normal phone dial-up connection to the Internet. There is a setup option to “keep alive” the con-nection. This may not always work, so you may need to re-establish connec-tion periodically.A. To connect to the Router, go to the web browser, and enterhttp://192.168.1.1 or the IP address of the Router.B. Enter the password, if asked. (The default password is admin.)C. In the Setup tab, select the option Keep Alive, and set the Redial Periodoption at 20 (seconds).D. Click the Apply button.E. Click the Status tab, and click the Connect button.
Wireless-B Broadband Router57Network Everywhere®Series56What is the maximum number of IP addresses that the Router will support? TheRouter will support up to 253 IP addresses.Is IPSec Pass-Through supported by the Router? Yes, it is a built-in feature thatthe Router automatically enables.Where is the Router installed on the network? In a typical environment, theRouter is installed between the cable/DSL modem and the LAN. Plug theRouter into the cable/DSL modem’s Ethernet port.Does the Router support IPX or AppleTalk? No. TCP/IP is the only protocol stan-dard for the Internet and has become the global standard for communications.IPX, a NetWare communications protocol used only to route messages fromone node to another, and AppleTalk, a communications protocol used onApple and Macintosh networks, can be used for LAN to LAN connections,but those protocols cannot connect from Internet to LAN.What is Network Address Translation and what is it used for? Network AddressTranslation (NAT) translates multiple IP addresses on the private LAN to onepublic address that is sent out to the Internet. This adds a level of securitysince the address of a PC connected to the private LAN is never transmittedon the Internet. Furthermore, NAT allows the Router to be used with low costInternet accounts, such as DSL or cable modems, when only one TCP/IPaddress is provided by the ISP. The user may have many private addressesbehind this single address provided by the ISP.Does the Router support any operating system other than Windows 98 SE,Windows 2000, Windows NT, or Windows XP? Yes, but Network Everywheredoes not, at this time, provide technical support for setup, configuration ortroubleshooting of any non-Windows operating systems.Does the Router support ICQ send file? Yes, with the following fix: click ICQ menu -> preference -> connections tab->, and check I am behind a fire-wall or proxy. Then set the firewall time-out to 80 seconds in the firewall set-ting. The Internet user can then send a file to a user behind the Router.I set up an Unreal Tournament Server, but others on the LAN cannot join. What doI need to do? If you have a dedicated Unreal Tournament server running, youneed to create a static IP for each of the LAN computers and forward portsFrequently Asked Questions17. The Diag LED stays lit continuously.• The Diag LED lights up when the device is first powered on. Then, thesystem will boot up itself and check for proper operation. After finishingthe checking procedure, the LED turns off to show that the system isworking fine. If the LED remains lit after this time, the device is notworking properly. Try to flash the firmware by assigning a static IPaddress to the computer, and then upgrade the firmware. Try using thefollowing settings, IP Address: 192.168.1.50 and Subnet Mask:255.255.255.0.18. When I enter a URL or IP address, I get a time-out error or am prompted to retry.• Check if other PCs work. If they do, ensure that your workstation’s IP set-tings are correct (IP Address, Subnet Mask, Default Gateway, and DNS).Restart the computer that is having a problem.• If the PCs are configured correctly, but still not working, check theRouter. Ensure that it is connected and ON. Connect to it and check itssettings. (If you cannot connect to it, check the LAN and power connec-tions.)• If the Router is configured correctly, check your Internet connection(DSL/cable modem, etc.) to see if it is working correctly. You can removethe Router to verify a direct connection.• Manually configure the TCP/IP with a DNS address provided by yourISP.• Make sure that your browser is set to connect directly and that any dial-up is disabled. For Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options, andthen the Connection tab. Make sure that Internet Explorer is set to Neverdial a connection. For Netscape Navigator, click Edit, Preferences,Advanced, and Proxy. Make sure that Netscape Navigator is set toDirect connection to the Internet.19. The Full/Col LED keeps flickering continuously.• Check the Category 5 Ethernet cable and its RJ-45 connectors.• There may be interference with other network devices. Try removingother PCs or network devices to see if the problem persists. Eliminateeach network device one at a time to determine the cause.
Wireless-B Broadband Router59Network Everywhere®Series58How will I be notified of new Router firmware upgrades? All NetworkEverywhere firmware upgrades are posted on the Linksys website atwww.networkeverywhere.com, where they can be downloaded for free. TheRouter’s firmware can be upgraded with TFTP programs. If the Router’sInternet connection is working well, there is no need to download a newerfirmware version, unless that version contains new features that you wouldlike to use. Downloading a more current version of Router firmware will notenhance the quality or speed of your Internet connection, and may disruptyour current connection stability.Will the Router function in a Macintosh environment? Yes, but the Router’s setuppages are accessible only through Internet Explorer 4.0 or NetscapeNavigator 4.0 or higher for Macintosh.I am not able to get the web configuration screen for the Router. What can I do?You may have to remove the proxy settings on your Internet browser, e.g.,Netscape Navigator or Internet Explorer. Or remove the dial-up settings onyour browser. Check with your browser documentation, and make sure thatyour browser is set to connect directly and that any dial-up is disabled. Makesure that your browser is set to connect directly and that any dial-up is dis-abled. For Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options, and then theConnection tab. Make sure that Internet Explorer is set to Never dial a con-nection. For Netscape Navigator, click Edit, Preferences, Advanced, andProxy. Make sure that Netscape Navigator is set to Direct connection to theInternet.What is DMZ Hosting? Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) allows one IP address (com-puter) to be exposed to the Internet. Some applications require multipleTCP/IP ports to be open. It is recommended that you set your computer witha static IP if you want to use DMZ Hosting. To get the LAN IP address, see“Appendix D: Finding the MAC Address and IP Address for Your EthernetAdapter.”If DMZ Hosting is used, does the exposed user share the public IP with the Router?No.Does the Router pass PPTP packets or actively route PPTP sessions? The Routerallows PPTP packets to pass through.Is the Router cross-platform compatible? Any platform that supports Ethernetand TCP/IP is compatible with the Router.7777, 7778, 7779, 7780, 7781, and 27900 to the IP address of the server. Youcan also use a port forwarding range of 7777 ~ 27900. If you want to use theUT Server Admin, forward another port (8080 usually works well but is usedfor remote admin. You may have to disable this.), and then in the[UWeb.WebServer] section of the server.ini file, set the ListenPort to 8080 (tomatch the mapped port above) and ServerName to the IP assigned to theRouter from your ISP.Can multiple gamers on the LAN get on one game server and play simultaneouslywith just one public IP address? It depends on which network game or whatkind of game server you are using. For example, Unreal Tournament supportsmulti-login with one public IP.How do I get Half-Life: Team Fortressto work with the Router? The default clientport for Half-Life is 27005. The computers on your LAN need to have“+clientport 2700x” added to the HL shortcut command line; the x would be6, 7, 8, and on up. This lets multiple computers connect to the same server.One problem: Version 1.0.1.6 won’t let multiple computers with the same CDkey connect at the same time, even if on the same LAN (not a problem with1.0.1.3). As far as hosting games, the HL server does not need to be in theDMZ. Just forward port 27015 to the local IP address of the server comput-er. The web page hangs; downloads are corrupt, or nothing but junk characters arebeing displayed on the screen. What do I need to do? Force your Ethernetadapter to 10Mbps or half duplex mode, and turn off the “Auto-negotiate”feature of your Ethernet adapter as a temporary measure. (Please look at theNetwork Control Panel in your Ethernet adapter’s Advanced Properties tab.)Make sure that your proxy setting is disabled in the browser. Check our web-site at www.linksys.com for more information.If all else fails in the installation, what can I do? Reset the Router by holdingdown the reset button for about 30 seconds. Reset your cable or DSL modemby powering the unit off and then on. Obtain and flash the latest firmwarerelease that is readily available on the Network Everywhere website,www.networkeverywhere.com.
Wireless-B Broadband Router• Multi-Channel Roaming• Automatic Rate Selection • RTS/CTS feature • Fragmentation • Power Management What is BSS ID? A specific Ad-hoc LAN is called a Basic Service Set (BSS).Computers in a BSS must be configured with the same BSS ID.What is SSID? An Infrastructure configuration could also support roamingcapability for mobile workers. More than one BSS can be configured as anExtended Service Set (ESS). Users within an ESS could roam freely betweenBSSs while maintaining a continuous connection to the wireless network sta-tions and Access Points.What is ISM band? The FCC and their counterparts outside of the U.S. have setaside bandwidth for unlicensed use in the ISM (Industrial, Scientific andMedical) band. This presents a truly revolutionary opportunity to place con-venient high speed wireless capabilities in the hands of users around theglobe. What is Spread Spectrum? Spread Spectrum technology is a wideband radio fre-quency technique developed by the military for use in reliable, secure, mis-sion-critical communications systems. It is designed to trade off bandwidthefficiency for reliability, integrity, and security. In other words, more band-width is consumed than in the case of narrowband transmission, but the trade-off produces a signal that is, in effect, louder and thus easier to detect, pro-vided that the receiver knows the parameters of the spread-spectrum signalbeing broadcast. If a receiver is not tuned to the right frequency, a spread-spectrum signal looks like background noise. There are two main variations,Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) and Frequency Hopping SpreadSpectrum (FHSS).What is DSSS? What is FHSS? And what are their differences? FrequencyHopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) uses a narrowband carrier that changesfrequency in a pattern that is known to both transmitter and receiver. Properlysynchronized, the net effect is to maintain a single logical channel. To anunintended receiver, FHSS appears to be short-duration impulse noise. DirectSequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) generates a redundant bit pattern for eachbit to be transmitted. This bit pattern is called a chip (or chipping code). Thelonger the chip, the greater the probability that the original data can be recov-61Network Everywhere®SeriesHow many ports can be simultaneously forwarded? Theoretically, the Router canestablish 520 sessions at the same time, but you can only forward 10 rangesof ports.Does the Router replace a modem? Is there a cable or DSL modem in the Router?No, this version of the Router must work in conjunction with a cable or DSLmodem.Which modems are compatible with the Router? The Router is compatible withvirtually any cable or DSL modem that supports Ethernet.What are the advanced features of the Router? The Router’s advanced featuresinclude IP Filtering, Port Range Forwarding, Dynamic Routing, StaticRouting, DMZ hosting, and MAC Address Cloning.What is the maximum number of VPN sessions allowed by the Router?The maximum number depends on many factors. At least one IPSec sessionwill work through the Router; however, simultaneous IPSec sessions may bepossible, depending on the specifics of your VPNs. How can I check whether I have static or DHCP IP Addresses? Consult your ISPto obtain this information. How do I get mIRC to work with the Router? Under the Port Range Forwardingtab, set port forwarding to 113 for the PC on which you are using mIRC.Can the Router act as my DHCP Server? Yes. The Router has DHCP Server soft-ware built-in.Can I run an application from a remote computer over the wireless network? Thiswill depend on whether or not the application is designed to be used over anetwork. Consult the application’s documentation to determine if it supportsoperation over a network.What is the IEEE 802.11b standard? The IEEE 802.11b Wireless LAN standardssubcommittee formulates the standard for the industry. The objective is toenable wireless LAN hardware from different manufacturers to communicate. What IEEE 802.11 features are supported? The product supports the followingIEEE 802.11 functions: • CSMA/CA plus Acknowledge protocol 60
Wireless-B Broadband Router63Network Everywhere®Seriesered. Even if one or more bits in the chip are damaged during transmission,statistical techniques embedded in the radio can recover the original datawithout the need for retransmission. To an unintended receiver, DSSS appearsas low power wideband noise and is rejected (ignored) by most narrowbandreceivers. Would the information be intercepted while transmitting on air? WLAN featurestwo-fold protection in security. On the hardware side, as with DirectSequence Spread Spectrum technology, it has the inherent security feature ofscrambling. On the software side, the WLAN series offers the encryptionfunction (WEP) to enhance security and access control. Users can set it updepending upon their needs.What is WEP? WEP is Wired Equivalent Privacy, a data privacy mechanismbased on a 40/64 bit shared key algorithm, as described in the IEEE 802.11standard. What is a MAC Address? The Media Access Control (MAC) address is a uniquenumber assigned by the manufacturer to any Ethernet networking device,such as a network adapter, that allows the network to identify it at the hard-ware level. For all practical purposes, this number is usually permanent.Unlike IP addresses, which can change every time a computer logs on to thenetwork, the MAC address of a device stays the same, making it a valuableidentifier for the network.If your questions are not addressed here,refer to the Network Everywhere website,www.networkeverywhere.com.62Appendix B: How to Ping Your ISP’sE-mail and Web AddressesVirtually all Internet addresses are configured with words or characters (i.e.,www.networkeverywhere.com, www.yahoo.com, etc.) In actuality, however,these Internet addresses are assigned to IP addresses, which are the trueaddresses on the Internet.IP and web addresses, however, can sometimes be long and hard to remember.Because of this, certain ISPs will shorten their server addresses to single wordsor codes on their users’ web browser or e-mail configurations. If your ISP’s e-mail and web server addresses are configured with single words (“www,” “e-mail,” “home,” “pop3,” etc.) rather than whole Internet Addresses or IPAddresses, the Router may have problems sending or receiving mail andaccessing the Internet. This happens because the Router has not been config-ured by your ISP to accept their abbreviated server addresses.The solution is to determine the true web addresses behind your ISP’s codewords. You can determine the IP and web addresses of your ISP’s servers by“pinging” them.Step One: Pinging an IP AddressThe first step to determining your ISP’s web and e-mail server address is toping its IP address.1. Power on the computer and the cable or DSL modem, and restore thenetwork configuration set by your ISP if you have since changed it.2. Click Start, then Run, and type “command.” This will bring up the DOSwindow.NNoottee::If you don’t have your ISP’s web and e-mail IP addresses, you musteither get them from your ISP or follow these steps prior to connecting theRouter to your network.
Wireless-B Broadband Router65Network Everywhere®Series642. Write down the web address returned by the ping command (in theexample above: mail.msnv3.occa.home.com.). This web address is the webaddress assigned to the IP address you just pinged. While the IP address of“mail” could conceivably change, it is likely that this web address will not.3. Replace your ISP’s abbreviated server address with this extended webaddress in the corresponding Internet application (web browser, e-mailapplication, etc.).Once you have replaced the brief server address with the true server address,the Router should have no problem accessing the Internet through that Internetapplication.C:\>ping -a 24.53.32.4Pinging mail.msnv3.occa.home.com [24.53.32.4] with32 bytes of data:Reply from 24.53.32.4: bytes=32 time<10ms TTL=127Reply from 24.53.32.4: bytes=32 time<10ms TTL=127Reply from 24.53.32.4: bytes=32 time<10ms TTL=127Reply from 24.53.32.4: bytes=32 time<10ms TTL=127Ping statistics for 24.53.32.4:Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0%loss),Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms3. At the DOS command prompt, type “ping mail” (assuming that the loca-tion for which you’re trying to find an IP address is configured as “mail”).Press Enter. Information such as the following data, taken from a ping ofMicrosoft Network’s e-mail server, will be displayed.4. Write down the IP address returned by the ping command. (In theexample above: 24.53.32.4.) This IP address is the actual IP address of theserver “mail,” or any other word or value you have pinged.Step Two: Pinging for a Web AddressWhile the IP address returned above would work as your e-mail server address,it may not be permanent. IP addresses change all the time. Web addresses, how-ever, usually don’t. Because of this, you’re likely to have fewer problems byconfiguring your system with web addresses rather than IP addresses. Followthe instructions below to find the web address assigned to the IP address youjust pinged.1. At the DOS command prompt, type “ping -a 24.53.32.4,” where24.53.32.4 is the IP address you just pinged. Information such as the fol-lowing data will be displayed.C:\>ping mailPinging mail [24.53.32.4] with 32 bytes of data:Reply from 24.53.32.4: bytes=32 time<10ms TTL=128Reply from 24.53.32.4: bytes=32 time<10ms TTL=128Reply from 24.53.32.4: bytes=32 time<10ms TTL=128Reply from 24.53.32.4: bytes=32 time<10ms TTL=128Ping statistics for 24.53.32.4:Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0%loss),Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms
Wireless-B Broadband Router67Network Everywhere®Series66The following steps will show you how to utilize WEP encryption1. From the Web-based Utility’s Setup tab, select Mandatory under the WEPsection.2. Press the WEP Key Setting button to set the WEP Encryption type andlevel.3. The screen dis-played in FigureC-1 may appear,verifying that youare enabling WEPEncryption. Pressthe OK button tocontinue.4. This will display the screen shown in Figure C-2. From this screen, you willchoose your WEP Encryption settings.Figure C-2Figure C-1Appendix C: Configuring WirelessSecurityAn acronym for Wired Equivalent Privacy, WEP is an encryption method usedto protect your wireless data communications. WEP uses a combination of 64-bit or 128-bit keys to provide access control to your network and encryptionsecurity for every data transmission. To decode a data transmission, each pointin a network must use an identical 64-bit or 128-bit key. Higher encryption lev-els mean higher levels of security, but due to the complexity of the encryption,they may mean decreased network performance.You may also have heard the term “40-bit” used in conjunction with WEPencryption. This is simply another term for 64-bit WEP encryption. This levelof WEP encryption has been called 40-bit because it uses a 40-bit secret keyalong with a 24-bit Initialization Vector (40 + 24 = 64). Wireless vendors mayuse either name. Network Everywhere uses the term “64-bit” when referringto this level of encryption.Make sure your wireless network is functioning before attempting to configureWEP encryption.A 128-bit WEP encrypted wireless network will NOT communicate with a 64-bit WEP encrypted wireless network. Therefore, make sure that all of yourwireless devices are using the same encryption level. All wireless devices com-plying with the 802.11b standard will support 64-bit WEP.In addition to enabling WEP, Network Everywhere also recommends the fol-lowing security implementations:•Changing the SSID from the default “wireless”•Changing the WEP key regularlyNote: WEP encryption is an additional data securi-ty measure and not essential for router operation. Note: In order for WEP Encryption to be enabled, wireless functions mustfirst be enabled. Select Enable under the Wireless section before proceeding.
Wireless-B Broadband Router69Network Everywhere®Series68As Windows XP does not allow for the use of the Network EverywherePassphrase feature with the wireless PC adapters, you will need to manuallyenter the key generated in the previous section. The following steps will help you enable WEP and enter the encryption keymanually for your wireless PC cards, in order to enable your Windows XP sys-tem to communicate with the Router wirelessly.These steps assume that your CD-ROM drive is letter D and that you are run-ning Windows XP in the default mode.Be sure you have the WEP Key generated by the Router.1. As shown in Figure C-3, click the Start button and go to the Control Panel.Figure C-3Configuring Wireless Security in Windows XP• WEP (64Bit or 128B) Select the level of encryption from the drop-downbox. 128-bit WEP encryption is unique to Network Everywhere and mayconflict with other vendors’ WEP encryption.The WEP Encryption key is generated in one of two ways:1. You may create an encryption key by using a Passphrase.a. Enter a Passphrase, a user-defined password, into the Passphrase field.The Passphrase can be a maximum of 31 letters, symbols, and numbers.No spaces can be used.b. Click the Generate button to create a key. The key will be 10 digits ifyou chose 64-bit encryption, or 26 digits if you chose 128-bit encryption.This key will be used to encrypt and decrypt the data being sent betweenthe Router and your network’s wireless PCs.The Key field may not display all digits. Using the mouse, click any-where within the Key field. Move the cursor to the right to view the restof the Key. Make sure your write down the entire Key EXACTLY theway it is displayed. 2. You may enter the encryption key manually.Make a note of the Passphrase or Manual Key. You will need it for the otherwireless devices on the network, as the same WEP encryption key must beentered in all wireless devices on the network.Once you have chosen your key encryption method and entered either thePassphrase or manual key, click the Apply button, and the encryption portionof the setup is complete.Note: In order to utilize WEP encryption, all points in your wirelessnetwork must have WEP enabled and be set to the same Key Setting.Note: In Windows XP, a 128-bit Key generated by the Routerwill be called a "104 bits (26 digits)" key, and a 64-bit Key gen-erated by the Router will be called a “40 bits (10 digits)” key.
Wireless-B Broadband Router71Network Everywhere®Series70If a “Connect to Wireless Network” window appears, in the AvailableNetworks section, click the desired wireless network, specified by theRouter’s SSID. Then, double-click the Wireless Network Connection icon.5. When the “Wireless Network Connection Status” window appears, as inFigure C-7, click the Properties button.Figure C-6Figure C-72. In the “Control Panel” window, click the Network and InternetConnections icon, shown in Figure C-4.3. Click the Network Connections icon, shown in Figure C-5.4. The “Network Connections” window will appear, as shown in Figure C-6.Under LAN or High-Speed Internet you will see all Network cards that areinstalled and operating in your computer. Double-click the WirelessNetwork Connection icon associated with your wireless adapter.If the “Wireless Network Connection Status” window appears, continue tothe next stepFigure C-4Figure C-5
Wireless-B Broadband Router73Network Everywhere®Series728. The “Wireless Network Properties” window (shown in Figure C-10) willappear.Click the check box for the Data encryption (WEP enabled) option.Remove the check from the Network Authentication (Shared mode) andThe key is provided for me automatically fields. In the "Network key" field, enter the exact Key (all 10 or 26 digits, depend-ing on the level of encryption) generated by the Router.Verify that the “Key format” field displays “Hexadecimal digits” and thatthe “Key length” field displays either “40 bits (10 digits)” or “104 bits (26digits)”. If this is not displayed, you have entered the key incorrectly.Click the OK button to save the settings. Click on OK buttons until youget back to the “Wireless Network Connection Status” window. Close anyopen windows to get back to the Windows XP desktop.Close any applications and reboot your PC. After reboot, WEP configurationis complete and you should be able to connect wirelessly to the Router.Figure C-106. When the “WirelessNetwork ConnectionProperties” windowappears, as in Figure C-8, click the WirelessNetworks Tab.7. If the appropriate wire-less network, specifiedby the Router’s SSID, isdisplayed in the“Preferred networks”section, as shown inFigure C-9, double-click it and continue tothe next step.Otherwise, click on theappropriate wirelessnetwork, specified bythe Router’s SSID, inthe “Available net-works” section. Then,click the ConfigurebuttonFigure C-8Figure C-9
Wireless-B Broadband Router75Network Everywhere®Series743. Write down the Adapter Address as shown on your computer screen (seeFigure D-3). This is the MAC address for your Ethernet adapter and willbe shown as a series of numbers and letters. The MAC address/Adapter Address is what you will use for MAC AddressCloning or MAC Filtering. The example in Figure F-3 shows the IP address of your Ethernet adapteras 192.168.1.100. Your computer may show something different. For Windows 2000 and XP:The following steps show an alternative way of obtaining the MAC address andIP address for your Ethernet adapter.1. Click on Start and Run. In the Open field, enter cmd, as shown in FigureD-4. Press the Enter key or click the OK button.Figure D-3Figure D-4Note: The MAC address is also called the AdapterAddress.Appendix D: Finding the MACAddress and IP Address for YourEthernet AdapterThis section describes how to find the MAC address for your Ethernet adapterto do either MAC Filtering or MAC Address Cloning for the Router and ISP.You can also find the IP address of your computer’s Ethernet adapter. The IPaddress is used for filtering, forwarding, and DMZ. Follow these steps to findthe MAC address or IP address for your adapter in Windows 98SE, ME, 2000,and XP. For Windows 98 SE and ME:1. Click on Start and Run. In the Open field, enter winipcfg, as shown inFigure D-1. Then press the Enter key or the OK button.2. When the IP Configuration window appears, as shown in Figure D-2, selectthe Ethernet adapter you are using to connect to the Router via a CAT 5Ethernet cable.Figure D-1Figure D-2
Wireless-B Broadband Router77Network Everywhere®Series76When entering the information using the Router’s web-based utility, you willtype the 12-digit MAC address in this format, XXXXXXXXXXXX withoutthe hyphens for MAC Filtering. See Figure D-6.When entering information for MAC Address Cloning, type the 12-digit MACaddress (see Figure D-7). Figure D-6Figure D-72. In the command prompt, enter ipconfig /all. Then press the Enter key.3. Write down the Physical Address as shown on your computer screen; it isthe MAC address for your Ethernet adapter. This will appear as a series ofletters and numbers. The MAC address/Physical Address is what you will use for MAC AddressCloning or MAC Filtering. The example in Figure D-5 shows the IP address of your Ethernet adapteras 192.168.1.100. Your computer may show something different. Figure D-5Note: The MAC address is also called the PhysicalAddress.
Wireless-B Broadband Routerasymmetric transfer rates: around 36 Mbps downstream (from the Internet tothe computer), and from 200 Kbps to 2 Mbps upstream (from the computer tothe Internet).CAT 5 - ANSI/EIA (American National Standards Institute/ElectronicIndustries Association) Standard 568 is one of several standards that specify“categories” (the singular is commonly referred to as “CAT”) of twisted paircabling systems (wires, junctions, and connectors) in terms of the data ratesthat they can sustain. CAT 5 cable has a maximum throughput of 100 Mbps andis usually utilized for 100BaseTX networks.CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection) - The LANaccess method used in Ethernet. When a device wants to gain access to the net-work, it checks to see if the network is quiet (senses the carrier). If it is not, itwaits a random amount of time before retrying. If the network is quiet and twodevices access the line at exactly the same time, their signals collide. When thecollision is detected, they both back off and each waits a random amount oftime before retrying. Data Packet - One frame in a packet-switched message. Most data communi-cations is based on dividing the transmitted message into packets. For example,an Ethernet packet can be from 64 to 1518 bytes in length.Default Gateway - The routing device used to forward all traffic that is notaddressed to a station within the local subnet.DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) - A protocol that lets networkadministrators centrally manage and automate the assignment of InternetProtocol (IP) addresses in an organization's network. Using the Internet’s set ofprotocol (TCP/IP), each machine that can connect to the Internet needs aunique IP address. When an organization sets up its computer users with a con-nection to the Internet, an IP address must be assigned to each machine.Without DHCP, the IP address must be entered manually at each computer and,if computers move to another location in another part of the network, a new IPaddress must be entered. DHCP lets a network administrator supervise and dis-tribute IP addresses from a central point and automatically sends a new IPaddress when a computer is plugged into a different place in the network. DHCP uses the concept of a “lease” or amount of time that a given IP addresswill be valid for a computer. The lease time can vary depending on how long auser is likely to require the Internet connection at a particular location. It’s espe-cially useful in education and other environments where users change fre-quently. Using very short leases, DHCP can dynamically reconfigure networksin which there are more computers than there are available IP addresses. 79Network Everywhere®Series78Appendix E: Glossary10BaseT - An Ethernet standard that uses twisted wire pairs.100BaseTX - IEEE physical layer specification for 100 Mbps over two pairs ofCategory 5 cable.Adapter - Printed circuit board that plugs into a PC to add to capabilities orconnectivity to a PC. In a networked environment, a network interface card isthe typical adapter that allows the PC or server to connect to the intranet and/orInternet.Auto-negotiate - To automatically determine the correct settings. The term isoften used with communications and networking. For example, Ethernet10/100 cards and switches can determine the highest speed of the node they areconnected to and adjust their transmission rate accordingly.Bandwidth - The transmission capacity of a given facility, in terms of howmuch data the facility can transmit in a fixed amount of time; expressed in bitsper second (bps).Bit – A binary digit. The value—0 or 1—used in the binary numbering system.Also, the smallest form of data.Boot – To cause the computer to start executing instructions. Personal comput-ers contain built-in instructions in a ROM chip that are automatically executedon startup. These instructions search for the operating system, load it, and passcontrol to it. Bridge - A device that interconnects different networks together. Broadband - A data-transmission scheme in which multiple signals share thebandwidth of a medium. This allows the transmission of voice, data, and videosignals over a single medium. Cable television uses broadband techniques todeliver dozens of channels over one cable.Browser - A browser is an application program that provides a way to look atand interact with all the information on the World Wide Web or PC. The word“browser” seems to have originated prior to the Web as a generic term for userinterfaces that let you browse text files online. Cable Modem - A device that connects a computer to the cable television net-work, which in turn connects to the Internet. Once connected, cable modemusers have a continuous connection to the Internet. Cable modems feature
Wireless-B Broadband Router81Network Everywhere®SeriesDHCP supports static addresses for computers containing Web servers thatneed a permanent IP address. DMZ - (DeMilitarized Zone) allows one IP address (or computer) to beexposed to the Internet. Some applications require multiple TCP/IP ports to beopen. It is recommended that you set your computer with a static IP address ifyou want to use DMZ Hosting.DNS - The Domain Name System (DNS) is the way that Internet domainnames are located and translated into Internet Protocol (IP) addresses. Adomain name is a meaningful and easy-to-remember “handle” for an Internetaddress. Domain - A subnetwork comprised of a group of clients and servers under thecontrol of one security database. Dividing LANs into domains improves per-formance and security.Download - To receive a file transmitted over a network. In a communicationssession, download means receive, and upload means transmit. Dynamic IP Address - An IP address that is automatically assigned to a clientstation in a TCP/IP network, typically by a DHCP server. Network devices thatserve multiple users, such as servers and printers, are usually assigned static IPaddresses. Dynamic Routing - The ability for a router to forward data via a different routebased on the current conditions of the communications circuits. For example,it can adjust for overloaded traffic or failing lines and is much more flexiblethan static routing, which uses a fixed forwarding path.Ethernet - IEEE standard network protocol that specifies how data is placedon and retrieved from a common transmission medium. Has a transfer rate of10 Mbps. Forms the underlying transport vehicle used by several upper-levelprotocols, including TCP/IP and XNS.Firewall - A firewall is a set of related programs, located at a network gatewayserver, that protects the resources of a network from users from other networks.(The term also implies the security policy that is used with the programs.) Anenterprise with an intranet that allows its workers access to the wider Internetinstalls a firewall to prevent outsiders from accessing its own private dataresources and for controlling what outside resources to which its own usershave access. Basically, a firewall, working closely with a router, examines each networkpacket to determine whether to forward it toward its destination.80Firmware - Code that is written onto read-only memory (ROM) or program-mable read-only memory (PROM). Once firmware has been written onto theROM or PROM, it is retained even when the device is turned off.Fragmentation - Breaking a packet into smaller units when transmitting overa network medium that cannot support the original size of the packet. FTP (File Transfer Protocol) - A protocol used to transfer files over a TCP/IPnetwork (Internet, UNIX, etc.). For example, after developing the HTML pagesfor a website on a local machine, they are typically uploaded to the Web serv-er using FTP.FTP includes functions to log onto the network, list directories, and copy files.It can also convert between the ASCII and EBCDIC character codes. FTP oper-ations can be performed by typing commands at a command prompt or via anFTP utility running under a graphical interface such as Windows. FTP transferscan also be initiated from within a Web browser by entering the URL precededwith ftp://.Unlike e-mail programs in which graphics and program files have to be“attached,” FTP is designed to handle binary files directly and does not add theoverhead of encoding and decoding the data.Full Duplex - The ability of a device or line to transmit data simultaneously inboth directions.Gateway – A device that interconnects networks with different, incompatiblecommunications protocols. Half Duplex - Data transmission that can occur in two directions over a singleline, but only one direction at a time.Hardware - Hardware is the physical aspect of computers, telecommunica-tions, and other information technology devices. The term arose as a way to dis-tinguish the “box” and the electronic circuitry and components of a computerfrom the program you put in it to make it do things. The program came to beknown as the software.HTTP (HyperText Transport Protocol) - The communications protocol usedto connect to servers on the World Wide Web. Its primary function is to estab-lish a connection with a Web server and transmit HTML pages to the clientbrowser.IEEE - The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. The IEEEdescribes itself as “the world's largest technical professional society—promot-
Wireless-B Broadband Router83Network Everywhere®Series82Mbps (MegaBits Per Second) - One million bits per second; unit of measure-ment for data transmission.mIRC - mIRC runs under Windows and provides a graphical interface for log-ging onto IRC servers and listing, joining, and leaving channels.NAT - NAT (Network Address Translation) is the translation of an InternetProtocol address (IP address) used within one network to a different IP addressknown within another network. One network is designated the inside networkand the other is the outside. Network - A system that transmits any combination of voice, video, and/ordata between users. Packet Filtering - Discarding unwanted network traffic based on its originat-ing address or range of addresses or its type (e-mail, file transfer, etc.). Ping (Packet INternet Groper) - An Internet utility used to determine whethera particular IP address is online. It is used to test and debug a network by send-ing out a packet and waiting for a response.POP3 (Post Office Protocol 3) - A standard mail server commonly used on theInternet. It provides a message store that holds incoming e-mail until users logon and download it. POP3 is a simple system with little selectivity. All pendingmessages and attachments are downloaded at the same time. POP3 uses theSMTP messaging protocol.Port - A pathway into and out of the computer or a network device such as aswitch or router. For example, the serial and parallel ports on a personal com-puter are external sockets for plugging in communications lines, modems, andprinters. PPPoE (Point to Point Protocol over Ethernet) - PPPoE is a method for theencapsulation of PPP packets over Ethernet frames from the user to the ISPover the Internet. One reason PPPoE is preferred by ISPs is because it providesauthentication (username and password) in addition to data transport. A PPPoEsession can be initiated by either a client application residing on a PC, or byclient firmware residing on a modem or router.PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) - A protocol which allows the Pointto Point Protocol (PPP) to be tunneled through an IP network. PPTP does notspecify any changes to the PPP protocol but rather describes a “tunneling serv-ice” for carrying PPP (a tunneling service is any network service enabled bytunneling protocols such as PPTP, L2F, L2TP, and IPSEC tunnel ing the development and application of electrotechnology and allied sciencesfor the benefit of humanity, the advancement of the profession, and the well-being of our members.” The IEEE fosters the development of standards that often become national andinternational standards. The organization publishes a number of journals, hasmany local chapters, and has several large societies in special areas, such as theIEEE Computer Society. IP Address - In the most widely installed level of the Internet Protocol (IP)today, an IP address is a 32-binary digit number that identifies each sender orreceiver of information that is sent in packets across the Internet. When yourequest an HTML page or send e-mail, the Internet Protocol part of TCP/IPincludes your IP address in the message (actually, in each of the packets if morethan one is required) and sends it to the IP address that is obtained by lookingup the domain name in the Uniform Resource Locator you requested or in thee-mail address you're sending a note to. At the other end, the recipient can seethe IP address of the Web page requestor or the e-mail sender and can respondby sending another message using the IP address it received. IPCONFIG - A utility that provides for querying, defining and managing IPaddresses within a network. A commonly used utility, under Windows NT and2000, for configuring networks with static IP addresses.IPSec (Internet Protocol Security) - IPSec is a developing standard for securi-ty at the network or packet processing layer of network communication. A bigadvantage of IPSec is that security arrangements can be handled withoutrequiring changes to individual user computers. ISP - An ISP (Internet service provider) is a company that provides individualsand companies access to the Internet and other related services such as websitebuilding and virtual hosting. LAN - A local area network (LAN) is a group of computers and associateddevices that share a common communications line and typically share theresources of a single processor or server within a small geographic area (forexample, within an office building). Latency - The time delay between when the first bit of a packet is received andthe last bit is forwarded.MAC Address - The MAC (Media Access Control) address is a unique num-ber assigned by the manufacturer to any Ethernet networking device, such as anetwork adapter, that allows the network to identify it at the hardware level.
Wireless-B Broadband RouterSubnet Mask - The method used for splitting IP networks into a series of sub-groups, or subnets. The mask is a binary pattern that is matched up with the IPaddress to turn part of the host ID address field into a field for subnets. Switch – 1. A data switch connects computing devices to host computers,allowing a large number of devices to share a limited number of ports. 2. Adevice for making, breaking, or changing the connections in an electrical cir-cuit.TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) - A method (protocol) used along withthe IP (Internet Protocol) to send data in the form of message units (datagram)between network devices over a LAN or WAN. While IP takes care of handlingthe actual delivery of the data (routing), TCP takes care of keeping track of theindividual units of data (called packets) that a message is divided into for effi-cient delivery over the network. TCP is known as a “connection oriented” pro-tocol due to requiring the receiver of a packet to return an acknowledgment ofreceipt to the sender of the packet resulting in transmission control.TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) - The basic com-munication language or set of protocols for communications over a network(developed specifically for the Internet). TCP/IP defines a suite or group ofprotocols and not only TCP and IP.Telnet - A terminal emulation protocol commonly used on the Internet andTCP/IP-based networks. It allows a user at a terminal or computer to log ontoa remote device and run a program.TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) - A version of the TCP/IP FTP protocolthat has no directory or password capability.Throughput - The amount of data moved successfully from one place to anoth-er in a given time period.Topology - A network’s topology is a logical characterization of how thedevices on the network are connected and the distances between them. Themost common network devices include switches, routers, and gateways. Mostlarge networks contain several levels of interconnection, the most important ofwhich include edge connections, backbone connections, and wide-area con-nections.TX Rate – Transmission Rate.UDP (User Datagram Protocol) - A method (protocol) used along with the IP(Internet Protocol) to send data in the form of message units (datagram)between network devices over a LAN or WAN. While IP takes care of handling85Network Everywhere®SeriesRIP (Routing Information Protocol) - A simple routing protocol that is part ofthe TCP/IP protocol suite. It determines a route based on the smallest hop countbetween source and destination. RIP is a distance vector protocol that routine-ly broadcasts routing information to its neighboring routers.RJ-45 - A connector similar to a telephone connector that holds up to eightwires, used for connecting Ethernet devices.Router - Protocol-dependent device that connects subnetworks together.Routers are useful in breaking down a very large network into smaller subnet-works; they introduce longer delays and typically have much lower throughputrates than bridges. Server - Any computer whose function in a network is to provide user accessto files, printing, communications, and other services. SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) - The standard e-mail protocol on theInternet. It is a TCP/IP protocol that defines the message format and the mes-sage transfer agent (MTA), which stores and forwards the mail.SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) - A widely used networkmonitoring and control protocol. Data is passed from SNMP agents, which arehardware and/or software processes reporting activity in each network device(switch, router, bridge, etc.) to the workstation console used to oversee the net-work. The agents return information contained in a MIB (ManagementInformation Base), which is a data structure that defines what is obtainablefrom the device and what can be controlled (turned off, on, etc.).Software - Instructions for the computer. A series of instructions that performsa particular task is called a “program.” The two major categories of software are“system software” and “application software.” System software is made up ofcontrol programs such as the operating system and database management sys-tem (DBMS). Application software is any program that processes data for theuser.A common misconception is that software is data. It is not. Software tells thehardware how to process the data.Static IP Address - A permanent IP address that is assigned to a node in aTCP/IP network. Static Routing - Forwarding data in a network via a fixed path. Static routingcannot adjust to changing line conditions as can dynamic routing. 84
Wireless-B Broadband Router87Network Everywhere®Seriesthe actual delivery of the data (routing), UDP takes care of keeping track of theindividual units of data (called packets) that a message is divided into for effi-cient delivery over the network. UDP is known as a “connection-less” protocoldue to NOT requiring the receiver of a packet to return an acknowledgment ofreceipt to the sender of the packet (as opposed to TCP).Upgrade - To replace existing software or firmware with a newer version. Upload - To send a file transmitted over a network. In a communications ses-sion, upload means transmit, and download means receive. URL (Uniform Resource Locator) - The address that defines the route to a fileon the Web or any other Internet facility. URLs are typed into the browser toaccess Web pages, and URLs are embedded within the pages themselves to pro-vide the hypertext links to other pages.WAN (Wide Area Network) - A communications network that covers a rela-tively large geographic area, consisting of two or more LANs. Broadband com-munication over the WAN is often through public networks such as the tele-phone (DSL) or cable systems, or through leased lines or satellites. In its mostbasic definition, the Internet could be considered a WAN.WINIPCFG - Configuration utility based on the Win32 API for querying,defining, and managing IP addresses within a network. A commonly used util-ity for configuring networks with static IP addresses.Workgroup - Two or more individuals that share files and databases. 86Appendix F: SpecificationsStandards IEEE 802.3 (10BaseT), IEEE 802.3u (100BaseTX),IEEE 802.11b (Wireless)Ports Four 10/100 switch ports, One Internet PortButtons ResetCabling Type Ethernet Category 5 or better LED Indicators Power, Wireless-B, Ethernet, InternetModulation CCK, QPSK, BPSKNetwork Protocols TCP/IP, NetBEUI, IPX/SPXWEP Key Bits 64-bit and 128-bitDimensions 6.30" x 14.33" x 1.38"(W x H x D) (160 mm x 110 mm x 35 mm)Unit Weight 8.82 oz. (0.25 kg)Power External, 12V DC, 1ACertifications FCC Class BOperating Temp. 0°C to 40°C (32°F to 104°F)Storage Temp. -20°C to 70°C (-4°F to 158°F)Operating Humidity 10% to 85%, Non-condensingStorage Humidity 5% to 90%, Non-condensingEnvironmental
Wireless-B Broadband RouterAppendix H: Contact InformationFor help with the installation or operation of the Wireless Broadband Router,contact Network Everywhere Technical Support at one of the phone numbersor Internet addresses below.Technical Support 949-271-5470, M-F, 8:00 am to 5:00 pm (PST)Fax 949-265-6655Email support@NetworkEverywhere.comWeb site http://www.NetworkEverywhere.com89Network Everywhere®Series88Appendix G: Warranty InformationBE SURE TO HAVE YOUR PROOF OF PURCHASE AND A BARCODEFROM THE PRODUCT'S PACKAGING ON HAND WHEN CALLING.RETURN REQUESTS CANNOT BE PROCESSED WITHOUT PROOF OFPURCHASE. IN NO EVENT SHALL NETWORK EVERYWHERE’S LIABILITYEXCEED THE PRICE PAID FOR THE PRODUCT FROM DIRECT, INDI-RECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGESRESULTING FROM THE USE OF THE PRODUCT, ITS ACCOMPANYINGSOFTWARE, OR ITS DOCUMENTATION. NETWORK EVERYWHEREDOES NOT OFFER REFUNDS FOR ANY PRODUCT. NETWORK EVERYWHERE OFFERS CROSS SHIPMENTS, A FASTERPROCESS FOR PROCESSING AND RECEIVING YOUR REPLACEMENT.NETWORK EVERYWHERE PAYS FOR UPS GROUND ONLY. ALL CUS-TOMERS LOCATED OUTSIDE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICAAND CANADA SHALL BE HELD RESPONSIBLE FOR SHIPPING ANDHANDLING CHARGES. PLEASE CALL NETWORK EVERYWHERE FORMORE DETAILS.
FCC RF Radiation Exposure Statement: The equipment complies with FCC RF radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment. This equipment should be installed and operated with a minimum distance of 20 centimeters between the radiator and your body. This Transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter. Changes or modifications to this unit not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user authority to operate the equipment.
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